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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12882 ***
+
+MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER:
+
+
+CONSISTING OF
+HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC BALLADS,
+COLLECTED
+IN THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES OF SCOTLAND; WITH A FEW
+OF MODERN DATE, FOUNDED UPON
+LOCAL TRADITION.
+
+
+IN THREE VOLUMES.
+
+
+VOL. II.
+
+
+ The songs, to savage virtue dear.
+ That won of yore the public ear,
+ Ere Polity, sedate and sage,
+ Had quench'd the fires of feudal rage.--WARTON.
+
+
+THIRD EDITION.
+
+1806.
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+TO
+THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+
+LESLEY'S MARCH
+The Battle of Philiphaugh
+The Gallant Grahams
+The Battle of Pentland Hills
+The Battle of Loudonhill
+The Battle of Bothwell-bridge
+
+
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+_ROMANTIC BALLADS._
+
+
+Scottish Music, an Ode
+Introduction to the Tale of Tamlane
+The Young Tamlane
+Erlinton
+The Twa Corbies
+The Douglas Tragedy
+Young Benjie
+Lady Anne
+Lord William
+The Broomfield-Hill
+Proud Lady Margaret
+The Original Ballad of the Broom of Cowdenknows
+Lord Randal
+Sir Hugh Le Blond
+Graeme and Bewick
+The Duel of Wharton and Stuart, Part I.
+    Part II.
+The Lament of the Border Widow
+Fair Helen of Kirkonnel, Part I.
+    Part II.
+Hughie the Graeme
+Johnie of Breadislee
+Katherine Janfarie
+The Laird o' Logie
+A Lyke-wake Dirge
+The Dowie Dens of Yarrow
+The Gay Goss Hawk
+Brown Adam
+Jellon Grame
+Willie's Ladye
+Clerk Saunders
+Earl Richard
+The Lass of Lochroyan
+Rose the Red and White Lilly
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER.
+
+
+PART FIRST.--CONTINUED.
+
+_HISTORICAL BALLADS._
+
+
+
+
+LESLY'S MARCH.
+
+
+  "But, O my country! how shall memory trace
+  "Thy glories, lost in either Charles's days,
+  "When through thy fields destructive rapine spread,
+  "Nor sparing infants' tears, nor hoary head!
+  "In those dread days, the unprotected swain
+  "Mourn'd, in the mountains, o'er his wasted plain;
+  "Nor longer vocal, with the shepherd's lay,
+  "Were Yarrow's banks, or groves of Endermay."
+      LANGHORN--_Genius and Valour_.
+
+
+Such are the verses, in which a modern bard has painted the desolate
+state of Scotland, during a period highly unfavourable to poetical
+composition. Yet the civil and religious wars of the seventeenth century
+have afforded some subjects for traditionary poetry, and the reader is
+here presented with the ballads of that disastrous aera. Some prefatory
+history may not be unacceptable.
+
+That the Reformation was a good and a glorious work, few will be such
+slavish bigots as to deny. But the enemy came, by night, and sowed tares
+among the wheat; or rather; the foul and rank soil, upon which the seed
+was thrown, pushed forth, together with the rising crop, a plentiful
+proportion of pestilential weeds. The morals of the reformed clergy were
+severe; their learning was usually respectable, sometimes profound;
+and their eloquence, though often coarse, was vehement, animated, and
+popular. But they never could forget, that their rise had been achieved
+by the degradation, if not the fall, of the crown; and hence, a body of
+men, who, in most countries, have been attached to monarchy, were in
+Scotland, for nearly two centuries, sometimes the avowed enemies, always
+the ambitious rivals, of their prince. The disciples of Calvin could
+scarcely avoid a tendency to democracy, and the republican form of
+church government was sometimes hinted at, as no unfit model for the
+state; at least, the kirkmen laboured to impress, upon their followers
+and hearers, the fundamental principle, that the church should be solely
+governed by those, unto whom God had given the spiritual sceptre. The
+elder Melvine, in a conference with James VI., seized the monarch by the
+sleeve, and, addressing him as _God's sillie vassal_, told him, "There
+are two kings, and two kingdomes. There is Christ, and his kingdome, the
+kirke; whose subject King James the sixth is, and of whose kingdome he
+is not a king, nor a head, nor a lord, but a member; and they, whom
+Christ hath called and commanded to watch ower his kirke, and govern his
+spiritual kingdome, have sufficient authorise and power from him so to
+do; which no christian king, no prince, should controul or discharge,
+but fortifie and assist: otherwise they are not faithful subjects to
+Christ."--_Calderwood_, p. 329. The delegated theocracy, thus sternly
+claimed, was exercised with equal rigour. The offences in the king's
+household fell under their unceremonious jurisdiction, and he was
+formally reminded of his occasional neglect to say grace before and
+after meat--his repairing to hear the word more rarely than was
+fitting--his profane banning and swearing, and keeping of evil
+company--and finally, of his queen's carding, dancing, night-walking,
+and such like profane pastimes.--_Calderwood_, p. 313. A curse, direct
+or implied, was formally denounced against every man, horse, and spear,
+who should assist the king in his quarrel with the Earl of Gowrie; and
+from the pulpit, the favourites of the listening sovereign were likened
+to Haman, his wife to Herodias, and he himself to Ahab, to Herod, and
+to Jeroboam. These effusions of zeal could not be very agreeable to the
+temper of James: and accordingly, by a course of slow, and often crooked
+and cunning policy, he laboured to arrange the church-government upon
+a less turbulent and menacing footing. His eyes were naturally turned
+towards the English hierarchy, which had been modelled, by the despotic
+Henry VIII., into such a form, as to connect indissolubly the interest
+of the church with that of the regal power.[A] The Reformation, in
+England, had originated in the arbitrary will of the prince; in
+Scotland, and in all other countries of Europe, it had commenced among
+insurgents of the lower ranks. Hence, the deep and essential
+difference which separated the Huguenots, the Lutherans, the Scottish
+presbyterians, and, in fine, all the other reformed churches, from that
+of England. But James, with a timidity which sometimes supplies the
+place of prudence, contented himself with gradually imposing upon the
+Scottish nation a limited and moderate system of episcopacy, which,
+while it gave to a proportion of the churchmen a seat in the council of
+the nation, induced them to look up to the sovereign, as the power to
+whose influence they owed their elevation. But, in other respects, James
+spared the prejudices of his subjects; no ceremonial ritual was imposed
+upon their consciences; the pastors were reconciled by the prospect of
+preferment,[B] the dress and train of the bishops were plain and decent;
+the system of tythes was placed upon a moderate and unoppressive
+footing;[C] and, perhaps, on the whole, the Scottish hierarchy contained
+as few objectionable points as any system of church-government in
+Europe. Had it subsisted to the present day, although its doctrines
+could not have been more pure, nor its morals more exemplary, than those
+of the present kirk of Scotland, yet its degrees of promotion might have
+afforded greater encouragement to learning, and objects of laudable
+ambition to those, who might dedicate themselves to its service. But
+the precipitate bigotry of the unfortunate Charles I. was a blow to
+episcopacy in Scotland, from which it never perfectly recovered.
+
+[Footnote A: Of this the Covenanters were so sensible, as to trace
+(what they called) the Antichristian hierarchy, with its idolatry,
+superstition, and human inventions, "to the prelacy of England, the
+fountain whence all these Babylonish streams issue unto us."--See their
+manifesto on entering England, in 1640.]
+
+[Footnote B: Many of the preachers, who had been loudest in the cause of
+presbytery, were induced to accept of bishoprics. Such was, for example,
+William Cooper, who was created bishop of Galloway. This recreant Mass
+John was a hypochondriac, and conceived his lower extremities to be
+composed of glass; hence, on his court advancement, the following
+epigram was composed:
+
+    _"Aureus heu! frugilem confregit malleus urnam."_]
+
+[Footnote C: This part of the system was perfected in the reign of
+Charles I.]
+
+It has frequently happened, that the virtues of the individual, at least
+their excess (if, indeed, there can be an excess in virtue), have been
+fatal to the prince. Never was this more fully exemplified than in the
+history of Charles I. His zeal for religion, his family affection, the
+spirit with which he defended his supposed rights, while they do honour
+to the man, were the fatal shelves upon which the monarchy was wrecked.
+Impatient to accomplish the total revolution, which his father's
+cautious timidity had left incomplete, Charles endeavoured at once to
+introduce into Scotland the church-government, and to renew, in England,
+the temporal domination, of his predecessor, Henry VIII. The furious
+temper of the Scottish nation first took fire; and the brandished
+footstool of a prostitute[A] gave the signal for civil dissension,
+which ceased not till the church was buried under the ruins of the
+constitution; till the nation had stooped to a military despotism; and
+the monarch to the block of the executioner.
+
+[Footnote A: "_Out, false loon! wilt thou say the mass at my lug
+(ear)_," was the well known exclamation of Margaret Geddes, as she
+discharged her missile tripod against the bishop of Edinburgh, who,
+in obedience to the orders of the privy-council, was endeavouring to
+rehearse the common prayer. Upon a seat more elevated, the said Margaret
+had shortly before done penance, before the congregation, for the sin of
+fornication: such, at least, is the tory tradition.]
+
+The consequence of Charles' hasty and arbitrary measures were soon
+evident. The united nobility, gentry, and clergy of Scotland, entered
+into the SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, by which memorable deed, they
+subscribed and swore a national renunciation of the hierarchy. The walls
+of the prelatic Jericho (to use the language of the times) were thus
+levelled with the ground, and the curse of Hiel, the Bethelite,
+denounced against those who should rebuild them. While the clergy
+thundered, from the pulpits, against the prelatists and malignants (by
+which names were distinguished the scattered and heartless adherents of
+Charles), the nobility and gentry, in arms, hurried to oppose the march
+of the English army, which now advanced towards their borders. At the
+head of their defensive forces they placed Alexander Lesley, who, with
+many of his best officers, had been trained to war under the great
+Gustavus Adolphus. They soon assembled an army of 26,000 men, whose
+camp, upon Dunse-law, is thus described by an eye-witness.
+
+"Mr Baillie acknowledges, that it was an agreeable feast to his eyes,
+to survey the place: it is a round hill, about a Scots mile in circle,
+rising, with very little declivity, to the height of a bow-shot, and the
+head somewhat plain, and near a quarter of a mile in length and breadth;
+on the top it was garnished with near forty field pieces, pointed
+towards the east and south. The colonels, who were mostly noblemen, as
+Rothes, Cassilis, Eglinton, Dalhousie, Lindsay, Lowdon, Boyd, Sinclair,
+Balcarras, Flemyng, Kirkcudbright, Erskine, Montgomery, Yester, &c.
+lay in large tents at the head of their respective regiments; their
+captains, who generally were barons, or chief gentlemen, lay around
+them: next to these were the lieutenants, who were generally old
+veterans, and had served in that, or a higher station, over sea; and the
+common soldiers lay outmost, all in huts of timber, covered with divot,
+or straw. Every company, which, according to the first plan, did consist
+of two hundred men, had their colours flying at the captain's tent door,
+with the Scots arms upon them, and this motto, in golden letters, "FOR
+CHRIST'S CROWN AND COVENANT." Against this army, so well arrayed and
+disciplined, and whose natural hardihood was edged and exalted by a high
+opinion of their sacred cause, Charles marched at the head of a large
+force, but divided, by the emulation of the commanders, and enervated,
+by disuse of arms. A faintness of spirit pervaded the royal army, and
+the king stooped to a treaty with his Scottish subjects. The treaty was
+soon broken; and, in the following year, Dunse-law again presented the
+same edifying spectacle of a presbyterian army. But the Scots were not
+contented with remaining there. They passed the Tweed; and the English
+troops, in a skirmish at Newburn, shewed either more disaffection,
+or cowardice, than had at any former period disgraced their national
+character. This war was concluded by the treaty of Rippon; in
+consequence of which, and of Charles's concessions, made during his
+subsequent visit to his native country, the Scottish parliament
+congratulated him on departing "a contented king, from a contented
+people." If such content ever existed, it was of short duration.
+
+The storm, which had been soothed to temporary rest in Scotland, burst
+forth in England with treble violence. The popular clamour accused
+Charles, or his ministers, of fetching into Britain the religion of
+Rome, and the policy of Constantinople. The Scots felt most keenly the
+first, and the English the second, of these aggressions. Accordingly,
+when the civil war of England broke forth, the Scots nation, for a time,
+regarded it in neutrality, though not with indifference. But, when the
+successes of a prelatic monarch, against a presbyterian parliament, were
+paving the way for rebuilding the system of hierarchy, they could no
+longer remain inactive. Bribed by the delusive promise of Sir Henry
+Vane, and Marshall, the parliamentary commissioners, that the church of
+England should be reformed, _according to the word of God_, which, they
+fondly believed, amounted to an adoption of presbytery, they agreed to
+send succours to their brethren of England. Alexander Lesly, who ought
+to have ranked among the _contented_ subjects, having been raised by the
+king to the honours of Earl of Leven, was, nevertheless, readily induced
+to accept the command of this second army. Doubtless, where insurrection
+is not only pardoned, but rewarded, a monarch has little right to expect
+gratitude for benefits, which all the world, as well as the receiver,
+must attribute to fear. Yet something is due to decency; and the best
+apology for Lesly, is his zeal for propagating presbyterianism in
+England, the bait which had caught the whole parliament of Scotland.
+But, although the Earl of Leven was commander in chief, David Lesly, a
+yet more renowned and active soldier than himself, was major-general of
+the cavalry, and, in truth, bore away the laurels of the expedition.
+
+The words of the following march, which was played in the van of this
+presbyterian crusade, were first published by Allan Ramsay, in his
+_Evergreen_; and they breathe the very spirit we might expect. Mr
+Ritson, in his collection of Scottish songs, has favoured the public
+with the music, which seems to have been adapted to the bagpipes.
+
+The hatred of the old presbyterians to the organ was, apparently,
+invincible. It is here vilified with the name of a "_chest-full of
+whistles_," as the episcopal chapel at Glasgow was, by the vulgar,
+opprobriously termed the _Whistling Kirk_. Yet, such is the revolution
+of sentiment upon this, as upon more important points, that reports have
+lately been current, of a plan to introduce this noble instrument into
+presbyterian congregations.
+
+The share, which Lesly's army bore in the action of Marston Moor, has
+been exalted, or depressed, as writers were attached to the English or
+Scottish nations, to the presbyterian or independent factions. Mr Laing
+concludes, with laudable impartiality, that the victory was equally due
+to "Cromwell's iron brigade of disciplined independents, and to three
+regiments of Lesly's horse."--Vol I. p. 244.
+
+
+
+LESLEY'S MARCH.
+
+
+  March! march!
+  Why the devil do ye na march?
+  Stand to your arms, my lads,
+  Fight in good order;
+  Front about, ye musketeers all,
+  Till ye come to the English border:
+    Stand til't, and fight like men,
+    True gospel to maintain.
+  The parliament's blythe to see us a' coming.
+    When to the kirk we come,
+    We'll purge it ilka room,
+  Frae popish reliques, and a' sic innovation,
+    That a' the warld may see,
+    There's nane in the right but we,
+  Of the auld Scottish nation.
+  _Jenny_ shall wear the hood,
+  _Jocky_ the sark of God;
+  And the kist-fou of whistles,
+  That mak sic a cleiro,
+    Our piper's braw
+    Shall hae them a',
+    Whate'er come on it:
+    Busk up your plaids, my lads!
+    Cock up your bonnets!
+          _Da Capo._
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+This ballad is so immediately connected with the former, that the editor
+is enabled to continue his sketch of historical transactions, from the
+march of Lesly.
+
+In the insurrection of 1680, all Scotland, south from the Grampians, was
+actively and zealously engaged. But, after the treaty of Rippon, the
+first fury of the revolutionary torrent may be said to have foamed off
+its force, and many of the nobility began to look round, with horror,
+upon the rocks and shelves amongst which it had hurried them. Numbers
+regarded the defence of Scotland as a just and necessary warfare, who
+did not see the same reason for interfering in the affairs of England.
+The visit of King Charles to the metropolis of his fathers, in all
+probability, produced its effect on his nobles. Some were allied to
+the house of Stuart by blood; all regarded it as the source of their
+honours, and venerated the ancient in obtaining the private objects of
+ambition, or selfish policy which had induced them to rise up against
+the crown. Amongst these late penitents, the well known marquis of
+Montrose was distinguished, as the first who endeavoured to recede from
+the paths of rude rebellion. Moved by the enthusiasm of patriotism, or
+perhaps of religion, but yet more by ambition, the sin of noble
+minds, Montrose had engaged, eagerly and deeply, upon the side of the
+covenanters He had been active in pressing the town of Aberdeen to take
+the covenant, and his success against the Gordons, at the bridge of Dee,
+left that royal burgh no other means of safety from pillage. At the head
+of his own battalion, he waded through the Tweed, in 1640, and totally
+routed the vanguard of the king's cavalry. But, in 1643, moved with
+resentment against the covenanters who preferred, to his prompt and
+ardent character, the caution of the wily and politic earl of Argyle, or
+seeing, perhaps, that the final views of that party were inconsistent
+with the interests of monarchy, and of the constitution, Montrose
+espoused the falling cause of royalty and raised the Highland clans,
+whom he united to a small body of Irish, commanded by Alexander
+Macdonald, still renowned in the north, under the title of Colkitto.
+With these tumultuary and uncertain forces, he rushed forth, like a
+torrent from the mountains, and commenced a rapid and brilliant career
+of victory. At Tippermoor, where he first met the covenanters, their
+defeat was so effectual, as to appal the presbyterian courage, even
+after the lapse of eighty years.[A] A second army was defeated under the
+walls of Aberdeen; and the pillage of the ill-fated town was doomed to
+expiate the principles, which Montrose himself had formerly imposed upon
+them. Argyleshire next experienced his arms; the domains of his rival
+were treated with more than military severity; and Argyle himself,
+advancing to Inverlochy for the defence of his country, was totally
+and disgracefully routed by Montrose. Pressed betwixt two armies,
+well appointed, and commanded by the most experienced generals of the
+Covenant, Mozitrose displayed more military skill in the astonishingly
+rapid marches, by which he avoided fighting to disadvantage, than even
+in the field of victory. By one of those hurried marches, from the banks
+of Loch Katrine to the heart of Inverness-shire, he was enabled to
+attack, and totally to defeat, the Covenanters, at Aulderne though he
+brought into the field hardly one half of their forces. Baillie, a
+veteran officer, was next routed by him, at the village of Alford,
+in Strathbogie. Encouraged by these repeated and splendid successes,
+Montrose now descended into the heart of Scotland, and fought a bloody
+and decisive battle, near Kilsyth, where four thousand covenanters fell
+under the Highland claymore.
+
+[Footnote A: Upon the breaking out of the insurrection, in the year
+1715, the earl of Rothes, sheriff and lord-lieutenant of the county of
+Fife, issued out an order for "all the fencible men of the countie to
+meet him, at a place called Cashmoor. The gentlemen took no notice of
+his orders, nor did the commons, except those whom the ministers forced
+to goe to the place of rendezvouse, to the number of fifteen hundred
+men, being all that their utmost diligence could perform. But those of
+that countie, having been taught by their experience, that it is not
+good meddling with edge tools, especiallie in the hands of Highlandmen,
+were very averse from taking armes. No sooner they reflected on the name
+of the place of rendezvouse, Cashmoor, than Tippermoor was called to
+mind; a place not far from thence, where Montrose had routed them, when
+under the command of my great-grand-uncle the earl of Wemyss, then
+generall of God's armie. In a word, the unlucky choice of a place,
+called _Moo_, appeared ominous; and that, with the flying report of the
+Highlandmen having made themselves masters of Perth, made them throw
+down their armes, and run, notwithstanding the trouble that Rothes and
+the ministers gave themselves to stop them."--M.S. _Memoirs of Lord St
+Clair._]
+
+This victory opened the whole of Scotland to Montrose He occupied the
+capital, and marched forward to the border; not merely to complete the
+subjection of the southern provinces, but with the flattering hope of
+pouring his victorious army into England, and bringing to the support of
+Charles the sword of his paternal tribes.
+
+Half a century before Montrose's career, the state of the borders was
+such as might have enabled him easily to have accomplished his daring
+plan. The marquis of Douglas, the earls of Hume, Roxburgh, Traquair, and
+Annandale, were all descended of mighty border chiefs, whose ancestors
+could, each of them, have led into the field a body of their own
+vassals, equal in numbers, and superior in discipline, to the army of
+Montrose. But the military spirit of the borderers, and their attachment
+to their chiefs, had been much broken since the union of the crowns. The
+disarming acts of James had been carried rigorously into execution, and
+the smaller proprietors, no longer feeling the necessity of protection
+from their chiefs in war, had aspired to independence, and embraced
+the tenets of the covenant. Without imputing, with Wishart, absolute
+treachery to the border nobles, it may be allowed, that they looked with
+envy upon Montrose, and with dread and aversion upon his rapacious and
+disorderly forces. Hence, had it been in their power, it might not have
+altogether suited their inclinations, to have brought the strength
+of the border lances to the support of the northern clans. The once
+formidable name of Douglas still sufficed to raise some bands, by
+whom Montrose was joined, in his march down the Gala. With these
+reinforcements, and with the remnant of his Highlanders (for a great
+number had returned home with Colkitto, to deposit their plunder, and
+provide for their families), Montrose after traversing the border,
+finally encamped upon the field of Philiphaugh.
+
+The river Ettrick, immediately after its junction with the Yarrow, and
+previous to its falling into the Tweed, makes a large sweep to the
+southward, and winds almost beneath the lofty bank, on which the town
+of Selkirk stands; leaving, upon the northern side, a large and level
+plain, extending in an easterly direction, from a hill, covered with
+natural copse-wood, called the Harehead-wood, to the high ground which
+forms the banks of the Tweed, near Sunderland-hall. This plain is called
+Philliphaugh:[A] it is about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter
+of a mile broad; and, being defended, to the northward, by the high
+hills which separate Tweed from Yarrow, by the river in front, and by
+the high grounds, already mentioned on each flank, it forms, at once,
+a convenient and a secure field of encampment. On each flank Montrose
+threw up some trenches, which are still visible; and here he posted his
+infantry, amounting to about twelve or fifteen hundred men. He himself
+took up his quarters in the burgh of Selkirk, and, with him, the
+cavalry, in number hardly one thousand, but respectable, as being
+chiefly composed of gentlemen, and their immediate retainers. In this
+manner, by a fatal and unaccountable error, the river Ettrick was thrown
+betwixt the cavalry and infantry, which were to depend upon each other
+for intelligence and mutual support. But this might be overlooked by
+Montrose, in the conviction, that there was no armed enemy of Charles
+in the realm of Scotland; for he is said to have employed the night in
+writing and dispatching this agreeable intelligence to the king. Such an
+enemy was already within four miles of his camp.
+
+[Footnote A: The Scottish language is rich in words, expressive of local
+situation The single word _haugh_, conveys, to a Scotsman, almost all
+that I have endeavoured to explain in the text, by circumlocutory
+description.]
+
+Recalled by the danger of the cause of the Covenant, General David Lesly
+came down from England, at the head of those iron squadrons, whose force
+had been proved in the fatal battle of Long Marston Moor. His array
+consisted of from five to six thousand men, chiefly cavalry. Lesly's
+first plan seems to have been, to occupy the mid-land counties, so as to
+intercept the return of Montrose's Highlanders, and to force him to an
+unequal combat Accordingly, he marched along the eastern coast, from
+Berwick to Tranent; but there he suddenly altered his direction, and,
+crossing through Mid-Lothian, turned again to the southward, and,
+following the course of Gala water, arrived at Melrose, the evening
+before the engagement How it is possible that Montrose should have
+received no notice whatever of the march of so considerable an army,
+seems almost inconceivable, and proves, that the country was strongly
+disaffected to his cause, or person. Still more extraordinary does it
+appear, that, even with the advantage of a thick mist, Lesly should
+have, the next morning, advanced towards Montrose's encampment without
+being descried by a single scout. Such, however, was the case, and it
+was attended with all the consequences of the most complete surprisal.
+The first intimation that Montrose received of the march of Lesly,
+was the noise of the conflict, or, rather, that which attended the
+unresisted slaughter of his infantry, who never formed a line of battle:
+the right wing alone, supported by the thickets of Harehead-wood, and
+by the entrenchments which are there still visible, stood firm for some
+time. But Lesly had detached two thousand men, who, crossing the Ettrick
+still higher up than his main body, assaulted the rear of Montrose's
+right wing. At this moment, the marquis himself arrived, and beheld
+his army dispersed, for the first time, in irretrievable route. He
+had thrown himself upon a horse the instant he heard the firing, and,
+followed by such of his disorderly cavalry as had gathered upon the
+alarm, he galloped from Selkirk, crossed the Ettrick, and made a bold
+and desperate attempt to retrieve the fortune of the day. But all was
+in vain; and, after cutting his way, almost singly, through a body of
+Lesly's troopers, the gallant Montrose graced by his example the
+retreat of the fugitives. That retreat he continued up Yarrow, and over
+Minch-moor; nor did he stop till he arrived at Traquair, sixteen miles
+from the field of battle. Upon Philiphaugh he lost, in one defeat, the
+fruit of six splendid victories: nor was he again able effectually to
+make head, in Scotland, against the covenanted cause. The number slain
+in the field did not exceed three or four hundred; for the fugitives
+found refuge in the mountains, which had often been the retreat of
+vanquished armies, and were impervious to the pursuer's cavalry. Lesly
+abused his victory, and dishonoured his arms, by slaughtering, in cold
+blood, many of the prisoners whom he had taken; and the court-yard of
+Newark castle is said to have been the spot, upon which they were
+shot by his command. Many others are said, by Wishart, to have been
+precipitated from a high bridge over the Tweed. This, as Mr Laing
+remarks, is impossible; because there was not a bridge over the Tweed
+betwixt Peebles and Berwick. But there is an old bridge, over the
+Ettrick, only four miles from Philiphaugh, and another over the Yarrow,
+both of which lay in the very line of flight and pursuit; and either
+might have been the scene of the massacre. But if this is doubtful,
+it is too certain, that several of the royalists were executed by the
+Covenanters, as traitors to the king and parliament.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: A covenanted minister, present at the execution of these
+gentlemen observed, "This wark gaes bonnilie on!" an amiable
+exclamation equivalent to the modern _ça ira_, so often used on similar
+occasions.--_Wishart's Memoirs of Montrose._]
+
+I have reviewed, at some length, the details of this memorable
+engagement, which, at the same time, terminated the career of a hero,
+likened, by no mean judge of mankind[A] to those of antiquity, and
+decided the fate of his country. It is further remarkable, as the last
+field which was fought in Ettrick forest, the scene of so many bloody
+actions. The unaccountable neglect of patroles, and the imprudent
+separation betwixt the horse and foot, seem to have been the immediate
+causes of Montrose's defeat. But the ardent and impetuous character
+of this great warrior, corresponding with that of the troops which he
+commanded was better calculated for attack than defence; for surprising
+others, rather than for providing against surprise himself. Thus, he
+suffered loss by a sudden attack upon part of his forces, stationed at
+Aberdeen;[B] and, had he not extricated himself with the most singular
+ability, he must have lost his whole army, when surprised by Baillie,
+during the plunder of Dundee. Nor has it escaped an ingenious modern
+historian, that his final defeat at Dunbeath, so nearly resembles in its
+circumstances the surprise at Philiphaugh, as to throw some shade on his
+military talents.--LAING'S _History_.
+
+[Footnote A: Cardinal du Retz.]
+
+[Footnote B: Colonel Hurry, with a party of horse, surprised the town,
+while Montrose's Highlanders and cavaliers were "dispersed through the
+town, drinking carelessly in their lodgings; and, hearing the horse's
+feet, and great noise, were astonished, never dreaming of their enemy.
+However, Donald Farquharson happened to come to the causey, where he was
+cruelly slain, anent the Court de Guard; a brave gentleman, and one of
+the noblest captains amongst all the Highlanders of Scotland. Two or
+three others were killed, and some (taken prisoners) had to Edinburgh,
+and cast into irons in the tolbooth. Great lamentation was made for this
+gallant, being still the king's man for life and death."--SPALDING
+Vol. II. p. 281. The journalist, to whom all matters were of equal
+importance, proceeds to inform us, that Hurry took the marquis of
+Huntly's best horse, and, in his retreat through Montrose seized upon
+the marquis's second son. He also expresses his regret, that "the said
+Donald Farquharson's body was found in the street, stripped naked: for
+they tirr'd from off his body a rich stand of apparel, but put on the
+same day."--_Ibid._]
+
+The following ballad, which is preserved by tradition in Selkirkshire,
+coincides accurately with historical fact. This, indeed, constitutes its
+sole merit. The Covenanters were not, I dare say, addicted, more
+than their successors "to the profane and unprofitable art of
+poem-making."[A] Still, however, they could not refrain from some
+strains of exultation, over the defeat of the _truculent tyrant_, James
+Grahame. For, gentle reader, Montrose, who, with resources which seemed
+as none, gained six victories, and reconquered a kingdom; who, a poet, a
+scholar, a cavalier, and a general, could have graced alike a court,
+and governed a camp; this Montrose was numbered, by his covenanted
+countrymen, among "the troublers of Israel, the fire-brands of hell, the
+Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rabshakahs, the Hamans, the Tobiahs,
+and Sanballats of the time."
+
+[Footnote A: So little was the spirit of illiberal fanaticism decayed
+in some parts of Scotland, that only thirty years ago, when Wilson,
+the ingenious author of a poem, called "_Clyde_," now republished, was
+inducted into the office of schoolmaster at Greenock, he was obliged
+formally, and in writing, to abjure _"the profane and unprofitable art
+of poem-making."_ It is proper to add, that such an incident is _now_ as
+unlikely to happen in Greenock as in London.]
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+  On Philiphaugh a fray began,
+    At Hairhead wood it ended;
+  The Scots out o'er the Graemes they ran,
+    Sae merrily they bended.
+
+  Sir David frae the border came,
+    Wi' heart an' hand came he;
+  Wi' him three thousand bonny Scotts,
+    To bear him company.
+
+  Wi' him three thousand valiant men,
+    A noble sight to see!
+  A cloud o' mist them weel concealed,
+    As close as e'er might be.
+
+  When they came to the Shaw burn,
+    Said he, "Sae weel we frame,
+  "I think it is convenient,
+    "That we should sing a psalm."[A]
+
+  When they came to the Lingly burn,
+    As day-light did appear,
+  They spy'd an aged father,
+    And he did draw them near.
+
+  "Come hither, aged father!"
+    Sir David he did cry,
+  "And tell me where Montrose lies,
+    "With all his great army."
+
+  "But, first, you must come tell to me,
+    "If friends or foes you be;
+  "I fear you are Montrose's men,
+    "Come frae the north country."
+
+  "No, we are nane o' Montrose's men,
+    "Nor e'er intend to be;
+  "I am sir David Lesly,
+    "That's speaking unto thee."
+
+  "If you're sir David Lesly,
+    "As I think weel ye be,
+  "I'm sorry ye hae brought so few
+    "Into your company.
+
+  "There's fifteen thousand armed men,
+    "Encamped on yon lee;
+  "Ye'll never be a bite to them,
+    "For aught that I can see.
+
+  "But, halve your men in equal parts,
+    "Your purpose to fulfil;
+  "Let ae half keep the water side,
+    "The rest gae round the hill.
+
+  "Your nether party fire must,
+    "Then beat a flying drum;
+  "And then they'll think the day's their ain,
+    "And frae the trench they'll come.
+
+  "Then, those that are behind them maun
+    "Gie shot, baith grit and sma';
+  "And so, between your armies twa,
+    "Ye may make them to fa'."
+
+  "O were ye ever a soldier?"
+    Sir David Lesly said;
+  "O yes; I was at Solway flow,
+    "Where we were all betray'd.
+
+  "Again I was at curst Dunbar,
+    "And was a pris'ner ta'en;
+  "And many weary night and day,
+    "In prison I hae lien."
+
+  "If ye will lead these men aright,
+    "Rewarded shall ye be;
+  "But, if that ye a traitor prove,
+    "I'll hang thee on a tree."
+
+  "Sir, I will not a traitor prove;
+    "Montrose has plundered me;
+  "I'll do my best to banish him
+    "Away frae this country."
+
+  He halv'd his men in equal parts,
+    His purpose to fulfill;
+  The one part kept the water side,
+    The other gaed round the hill.
+
+  The nether party fired brisk,
+    Then turn'd and seem'd to rin;
+  And then they a' came frae the trench,
+    And cry'd, "the day's our ain!"
+
+  The rest then ran into the trench,
+    And loos'd their cannons a':
+  And thus, between his armies twa,
+    He made them fast to fa'.
+
+  Now, let us a' for Lesly pray,
+    And his brave company!
+  For they hae vanquish'd great Montrose,
+    Our cruel enemy.
+
+[Footnote A: Various reading; "That we should take a dram."]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+_When they came to the Shaw burn._--P. 27. v. 1. A small stream, that
+joins the Ettrick, near Selkirk, on the south side of the river.
+
+_When they came to the Lingly burn._--P. 27. v. 2. A brook, which falls
+into the Ettrick, from the north, a little above the Shaw burn.
+
+_They spy'd an aged father._--P. 27. v. 2. The traditional commentary
+upon the ballad states this man's name to have been Brydone, ancestor to
+several families in the parish of Ettrick, particularly those occupying
+the farms of Midgehope and Redford Green. It is a strange anachronism,
+to make this aged father state himself at the battle of _Solway flow,_
+which was fought a hundred years before Philiphaugh; and a still
+stranger, to mention that of Dunbar, which did not take place till five
+years after Montrose's defeat.
+
+A tradition, annexed to a copy of this ballad, transmitted to me by Mr
+James Hogg, bears, that the earl of Traquair, on the day of the battle,
+was advancing with a large sum of money, for the payment of Montrose's
+forces, attended by a blacksmith, one of his retainers. As they crossed
+Minch-moor, they were alarmed by firing, which the earl conceived to
+be Montrose exercising his forces, but which his attendant, from the
+constancy and irregularity of the noise, affirmed to be the tumult of an
+engagement. As they came below Broadmeadows, upon Yarrow, they met their
+fugitive friends, hotly pursued by the parliamentary troopers. The earl,
+of course, turned, and fled also: but his horse, jaded with the weight
+of dollars which he carried, refused to take the hill; so that the earl
+was fain to exchange with his attendant, leaving him with the breathless
+horse, and bag of silver, to shift for himself; which he is supposed
+to have done very effectually. Some of the dragoons, attracted by the
+appearance of the horse and trappings, gave chase to the smith, who
+fled up the Yarrow; but finding himself as he said, encumbered with the
+treasure, and unwilling that it should be taken, he flung it into a
+well, or pond, near the Tinnies, above Hangingshaw. Many wells were
+afterwards searched in vain; but it is the general belief, that the
+smith, if he ever hid the money, knew too well how to anticipate the
+scrutiny. There is, however, a pond, which some peasants began to drain,
+not long ago, in hopes of finding the golden prize, but were prevented,
+as they pretended, by supernatural interference.
+
+
+
+THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+The preceding ballad was a song of triumph over the defeat of Montrose
+at Philiphaugh; the verses, which follow are a lamentation for his final
+discomfiture and cruel death. The present edition of _"The Gallant
+Grahams"_ is given from tradition, enlarged and corrected by an ancient
+printed edition, entitled, _"The Gallant Grahams of Scotland"_ to the
+tune of _"I will away, and I will not tarry,"_ of which Mr Ritson
+favoured the editor with an accurate copy.
+
+The conclusion of Montrose's melancholy history is too well known. The
+Scottish army, which sold king Charles I. to his parliament, had, we may
+charitably hope, no idea that they were bartering his blood; although
+they must have been aware, that they were consigning him to perpetual
+bondage.[A] At least the sentiments of the kingdom at large differed
+widely from those of the military merchants, and the danger of king
+Charles drew into England a well appointed Scottish army, under the
+command of the duke of Hamilton. But he met with Cromwell, and to meet
+with Cromwell was inevitable defeat. The death of Charles, and the
+triumph of the independents, excited still more highly the hatred and
+the fears of the Scottish nation. The outwitted presbyterians, who saw,
+too late, that their own hands had been employed in the hateful task
+of erecting the power of a sect, yet more fierce and fanatical than
+themselves, deputed a commission to the Hague, to treat with Charles
+II., whom, upon certain conditions they now wished to restore to the
+throne of his fathers. At the court of the exiled monarch, Montrose also
+offered to his acceptance a splendid plan of victory and conquest, and
+pressed for his permission to enter Scotland; and there, collecting the
+remains of the royalists to claim the crown for his master, with the
+sword in his hand. An able statesman might perhaps have reconciled these
+jarring projects; a good man would certainly have made a decided choice
+betwixt them. Charles was neither the one not the other; and, while he
+treated with the presbyterians, with a view of accepting the crown from
+their hands, he scrupled not to authorise Montrose, the mortal enemy of
+the sect, to pursue his separate and inconsistent plan of conquest.
+
+[Footnote A: As Salmasius quaintly, but truly, expresses it,
+_Presbyterian iligaverunt independantes trucidaverunt_.]
+
+Montrose arrived in the Orkneys with six hundred Germans, was furnished
+with some recruits from those islands, and was joined by several
+royalists, as he traversed the wilds of Caithness and Sutherland: but,
+advancing into Ross-shire, he was surprised, and totally defeated,
+by colonel Strachan, an officer of the Scottish parliament, who had
+distinguished himself in the civil wars, and who afterwards became a
+decided Cromwellian. Montrose, after a fruitless resistance, at length
+fled from the field of defeat, and concealed himself in the grounds of
+Macleod of Assint to whose fidelity he entrusted his life, and by whom
+he was delivered up to Lesly, his most bitter enemy.
+
+He was tried for what was termed treason against the estates of the
+kingdom; and, despite the commission of Charles for his proceedings, he
+was condemned to die by a parliament, who acknowledged Charles to be
+their king, and whom, on that account only, Montrose acknowledged to be
+a parliament.
+
+"The clergy," says a late animated historian, "whose vocation it was to
+persecute the repose of his last moments, sought, by the terrors of his
+sentence, to extort repentance; but his behaviour, firm and dignified to
+the end, repelled their insulting advances with scorn and disdain. He
+was prouder, he replied, to have his head affixed to the prison-walls,
+than to have his picture placed in the king's bed-chamber: 'and, far
+from being troubled that my limbs are to be sent to your principal
+cities, I wish I had flesh enough to be dispersed through Christendom,
+to attest my dying attachment to my king.' It was the calm employment of
+his mind, that night, to reduce this extravagant sentiment to verse.
+He appeared next day, on the scaffold, in a rich habit, with the same
+serene and undaunted countenance, and addressed the people, to vindicate
+his dying unabsolved by the church, rather than to justify an invasion
+of the kingdom, during a treaty with the estates. The insults of his
+enemies were not yet exhausted. The history of his exploits was attached
+to his neck by the public executioner: but he smiled at their inventive
+malice; declared, that he wore it with more pride than he had done the
+garter; and, when his devotions were finished, demanding if any more
+indignities remained to be practised, submitted calmly to an unmerited
+fate."--_Laing's History of Scotland,_ Vol. I. p. 404.
+
+Such was the death of James Graham, the great marquis of Montrose, over
+whom some lowly bard has poured forth the following elegiac verses. To
+say, that they are far unworthy of the subject, is no great reproach;
+for a nobler poet might have failed in the attempt. Indifferent as the
+ballad is, we may regret its being still more degraded by many apparent
+corruptions. There seems an attempt to trace Montrose's career, from his
+first raising the royal standard, to his second expedition and death;
+but it is interrupted and imperfect. From the concluding stanza, I
+presume the song was composed upon the arrival of Charles in Scotland,
+which so speedily followed the execution of Montrose, that the king
+entered the city while the head of his most faithful and most successful
+adherent was still blackening in the sun.
+
+
+
+THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+  Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale!
+    Baith kith and countrie I bid adieu;
+  For I maun away, and I may not stay,
+    To some uncouth land which I never knew.
+
+  To wear the blue I think it best,
+    Of all the colours that I see;
+  And I'll wear it for the gallant Grahams,
+    That are banished from their countrie.
+
+  I have no gold, I have no land,
+    I have no pearl, nor precious stane;
+  But I wald sell my silken snood,
+    To see the gallant Grahams come hame.
+
+  In Wallace days when they began,
+    Sir John the Graham did bear the gree,
+  Through all the lands of Scotland wide;
+    He was a lord of the south countrie.
+
+  And so was seen full many a time;
+    For the summer flowers did never spring,
+  But every Graham, in armour bright,
+    Would then appear before the king.
+
+  They all were dressed in armour sheen,
+    Upon the pleasant banks of Tay;
+  Before a king they might be seen,
+    These gallant Grahams in their array.
+
+  At the Goukhead our camp we set,
+    Our leaguer down there for to lay;
+  And, in the bonnie summer light,
+    We rode our white horse and our gray.
+
+  Our false commander sold our king
+    Unto his deadly enemie,
+  Who was the traitor Cromwell, then;
+    So I care not what they do with me.
+
+  They have betrayed our noble prince,
+    And banish'd him from his royal crown;
+  But the gallant Grahams have ta'en in hand,
+    For to command those traitors down.
+
+  In Glen-Prosen[A] we rendezvoused,
+    March'd to Glenshie by night and day,
+  And took the town of Aberdeen,
+    And met the Campbells in their array.
+
+  Five thousand men, in armour strong.
+    Did meet the gallant Grahams that day
+  At Inverlochie, where war began,
+    And scarce two thousand men were they.
+
+  Gallant Montrose, that chieftain bold,
+    Courageous in the best degree,
+  Did for the king fight well that day;
+    The lord preserve his majestie!
+
+  Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,
+    Did for king Charles wear the blue;
+  But the cavaliers they all were sold,
+    And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.
+
+  And Newton Gordon, burd-alone
+    And Dalgatie, both stout and keen,
+  And gallant Veitch upon the field,
+    A braver face was never seen.
+
+  Now, fare ye weel, sweet Ennerdale!
+    Countrie and kin I quit ye free;
+  Chear up your hearts, brave cavaliers,
+    For the Grahams are gone to high Germany.
+
+  Now brave Montrose he went to France,
+    And to Germany, to gather fame;
+  And bold Aboyne is to the sea,
+    Young Huntly is his noble name.
+
+  Montrose again, that chieftain bold,
+    Back unto Scotland fair he came,
+  For to redeem fair Scotland's land,
+    The pleasant, gallant, worthy Graham!
+
+  At the water of Carron he did begin,
+    And fought the battle to the end;
+  Where there were killed, for our noble king,
+    Two thousand of our Danish men.
+
+  Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,
+    By whom the king's banner was borne;
+  For a brave cavalier was he,
+    But now to glory he is gone.
+
+  Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith!
+    And, Lesly, ill death may thou die!
+  For ye have betrayed the gallant Grahams,
+    Who aye were true to majestic.
+
+  And the laird of Assint has seized Montrose,
+    And had him into Edinburgh town;
+  And frae his body taken the head,
+    And quartered him upon a trone.
+
+  And Huntly's gone the selfsame way,
+    And our noble king is also gone;
+  He suffered death for our nation,
+    Our mourning tears can ne'er be done.
+
+  But our brave young king is now come home,
+    King Charles the second in degree;
+  The Lord send peace into his time,
+    And God preserve his majestie!
+
+[Footnote A: Glen-Prosen, in Angus-shire.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+_Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale._--P. 38. v. 1. A corruption of
+Endrickdale. The principal, and most ancient possessions of the Montrose
+family lie along the water of Endrick, in Dumbartonshire.
+
+_Sir John the Graham did bear the gree._--P. 39. v. 1. The faithful
+friend and adherent of the immortal Wallace, slain at the battle of
+Falkirk.
+
+_Who was the traitor Cromwell, then._--P. 39. v. 5. This extraordinary
+character, to whom, in crimes and in success our days only have produced
+a parallel, was no favourite in Scotland. There occurs the following
+invective against him, in a MS. in the Advocates' Library. The humour
+consists in the dialect of a Highlander, speaking English, and confusing
+_Cromwell_ with _Gramach,_ ugly:
+
+  Te commonwelt, tat Gramagh ting.
+  Gar brek hem's word, gar do hem's king;
+
+  Gar pay hem's sesse, or take hem's (geers)
+  We'l no de at, del come de leers;
+  We'l bide a file amang te crowes, (_i.e._ in the woods)
+  We'l scor te sword, and wiske to bowes;
+  And fen her nen-sel se te re, (the king)
+  Te del my care for _Gromaghee_.
+
+The following tradition, concerning Cromwell, is preserved by an
+uncommonly direct line of traditional evidence; being narrated (as I am
+informed) by the grandson of an eye-witness. When Cromwell, in 1650,
+entered Glasgow, he attended divine service in the High Church; but the
+presbyterian divine, who officiated, poured forth, with more zeal than
+prudence, the vial of his indignation upon the person, principles, and
+cause, of the independent general. One of Cromwell's officers rose,
+and whispered his commander; who seemed to give him a short and stern
+answer, and the sermon was concluded without interruption Among the
+crowd, who were assembled to gaze at the general, as he came out of the
+church, was a shoemaker, the son of one of James the sixth's Scottish
+footmen. This man had been born and bred in England, but, after his
+father's death, had settled in Glasgow. Cromwell eyed him among the
+crowd, and immediately called him by his name--the man fled; but, at
+Cromwell's command, one of his retinue followed him, and brought him
+to the general's lodgings. A number of the inhabitants remained at the
+door, waiting the end of this extraordinary scene. The shoemaker soon
+came out, in high spirits, and, shewing some gold, declared, he was
+going to drink Cromwell's health. Many attended him to hear the
+particulars of his interview; among others, the grandfather of the
+narrator. The shoemaker said, that he had been a playfellow of Cromwell
+when they were both boys, their parents residing in the same street;
+that he had fled, when the general first called to him, thinking he
+might owe him some ill-will, on account of his father being in the
+service of the royal family. He added, that Cromwell had been so very
+kind and familiar with him, that he ventured to ask him, what the
+officer had said to him in the church. "He proposed," said Cromwell, "to
+pull forth the "minister by the ears; and I answered, that the preacher
+was "one fool, and he another." In the course of the day, Cromwell held
+an interview with the minister, and contrived to satisfy his scruples so
+effectually, that the evening discourse, by the same man, was tuned to
+the praise and glory of the victor of Naseby.
+
+  _Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,
+    Did for King Charles wear the, blue._--P. 40. v. 5.
+
+This gentleman was of the ancient family of Gordon of Gight. He had
+served, as a soldier, upon the continent, and acquired great military
+skill. When his chief, the marquis of Huntly, took up arms in 1640,
+Nathaniel Gordon, then called Major Gordon, joined him, and was of
+essential service during that short insurrection. But, being checked
+for making prize of a Danish fishing buss, he left the service of the
+marquis, in some disgust. In 1644, he assisted at a sharp and dexterous
+_camisade_ (as it was then called), when the barons of Haddo, of Gight,
+of Drum, and other gentlemen, with only sixty men under their standard,
+galloped through the old town of Aberdeen, and, entering the burgh
+itself, about seven in the morning, made prisoners, and carried off,
+four of the covenanting magistrates and effected a safe retreat, though
+the town was then under the domination of the opposite party. After the
+death of the baron of Haddo, and the severe treatment of Sir George
+Gordon of Gight, his cousin-german, Major Nathaniel Gordon seems to have
+taken arms, in despair of finding mercy at the covenanters' hands. On
+the 24th of July, 1645, he came down, with a band of horsemen, upon the
+town of Elgin, while St James' fair was held, and pillaged the merchants
+of 14,000 merks of money and merchandize.[A] He seems to have joined
+Montrose, as soon as he raised the royal standard; and, as a bold and
+active partizan, rendered him great service. But, in November 1644,
+Gordon, now a colonel, suddenly deserted Montrose, aided the escape of
+Forbes of Craigievar, one of his prisoners, and reconciled himself to
+the kirk, by doing penance for adultery, and for the almost equally
+heinous crime of having scared Mr Andrew Cant,[B] the famous apostle of
+the covenant. This, however, seems to have been an artifice, to arrange
+a correspondence betwixt Montrose and Lord Gordon, a gallant young
+nobleman, representative of the Huntley family, and inheriting their
+loyal spirit, though hitherto engaged in the service of the covenant.
+Colonel Gordon was successful, and returned to the royal camp with his
+converted chief. Both followed zealously the fortunes of Montrose, until
+Lord Gordon fell in the battle of Alford, and Nathaniel Gordon was taken
+at Philiphaugh. He was one of ten loyalists, devoted upon that occasion,
+by the parliament, to expiate, with their blood, the crime of fidelity
+to their king. Nevertheless, the covenanted nobles would have probably
+been satisfied with the death of the gallant Rollock, sharer of
+Montrose's dangers and glory, of Ogilvy, a youth of eighteen, whose
+crime was the hereditary feud betwixt his family and Argyle, and of Sir
+Philip Nisbet, a cavalier of the ancient stamp, had not the pulpits
+resounded with the cry, that God required the blood of the malignants,
+to expiate the sins of the people. "What meaneth," exclaimed the
+ministers, in the perverted language of scripture--"What meaneth, then,
+this bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen?" The
+appeal to the judgment of Samuel was decisive, and the shambles were
+instantly opened. Nathaniel Gordon was brought first to execution. He
+lamented the sins of his youth, once more (and probably with greater
+sincerity) requested absolution from the sentence of excommunication
+pronounced on account of adultery, and was beheaded 6th January 1646.
+
+[Footnote A: Spalding, Vol. II. pp. 151, 154, 169, 181, 221. _History of
+the Family of Gordon,_ Edin. 1727, Vol. II. p. 299.]
+
+[Footnote B: He had sent him a letter, which nigh frightened him out of
+his wits.--SPALDING, Vol. II. p. 231.]
+
+  _And brave Harthill, a cavalier too._--P. 40, v. 5.
+
+Leith, of Harthill, was a determined loyalist, and hated the
+covenanters, not without reason. His father, a haughty high-spirited
+baron, and chief of a clan, happened, in 1639, to sit down in the desk
+of provost Lesly, in the high kirk of Aberdeen He was disgracefully
+thrust out by the officers, and, using some threatening language to the
+provost, was imprisoned, like a felon, for many months, till he became
+furious, and nearly mad. Having got free of the shackles, with which he
+was loaded, he used his liberty by coming to the tolbooth window where
+he uttered the most violent and horrible threats against Provost Lesly,
+and the other covenanting magistrates, by whom he had been so severely
+treated. Under pretence of this new offence, he was sent to Edinburgh,
+and lay long in prison there; for, so fierce was his temper, that no one
+would give surety for his keeping the peace with his enemies, if set at
+liberty. At length he was delivered by Montrose, when he made himself
+master of Edinburgh.--SPALDING, Vol. I. pp. 201; 266. His house of
+Harthill was dismantled, and miserably pillaged by Forbes of
+Craigievar, who expelled his wife and children with the most relentless
+inhumanity.--_Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 225. Meanwhile, young Harthill was the
+companion and associate of Nathaniel Gordon, whom he accompanied at
+plundering the fair of Elgin, and at most of Montrose's engagements. He
+retaliated severely on the covenanters, by ravaging and burning their
+lands. _Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 301. His fate has escaped my notice.
+
+  _And Dalgatie, both stout and keen._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+Sir Francis Hay, of Dalgatie, a steady cavalier, and a gentleman of
+great gallantry and accomplishment. He was a faithful follower of
+Montrose, and was taken prisoner with him at his last fatal battle. He
+was condemned to death, with his illustrious general. Being a Roman
+catholic, he refused the assistance of the presbyterian clergy, and was
+not permitted, even on the scaffold, to receive ghostly comfort, in the
+only form in which his religion taught him to consider it as effectual.
+He kissed the axe, avowed his fidelity to his sovereign, and died like a
+soldier.--_Montrose's Memoirs,_ p. 322.
+
+  _And Newton Gordon, burd-alone._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+Newton, for obvious reasons, was a common appellation of an estate, or
+barony, where a new edifice had been erected. Hence, for distinction's
+sake, it was anciently compounded with the name of the proprietor;
+as, Newtown-Edmonstone, Newtown-Don, Newtown-Gordon, &c. Of Gordon
+of Newtown, I only observe, that he was, like all his clan, a steady
+loyalist, and a follower of Montrose.
+
+  _And gallant Veitch, upon the field._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+I presume this gentleman to have been David Veitch, brother to Veitch of
+Dawick, who, with many other of the Peebles-shire gentry, was taken
+at Philiphaugh. The following curious accident took place, some years
+afterwards, in consequence of his loyal zeal.
+
+"In the year 1653, when the loyal party did arise in arms against the
+English, in the North and West Highlands, some noblemen and loyal
+gentlemen, with others, were forward to repair to them, with such forces
+as they could make; which the English, with marvelouse diligence, night
+and day, did bestir themselves to impede; making their troops of horse
+and dragoons to pursue the loyal party in all places, that they might
+not come to such a considerable number as was designed. It happened, one
+night, that one Captain Masoun, commander of a troop of dragoons, that
+came from Carlisle, in England, marching through the town of Sanquhar,
+in the night, was encountered by one captain Palmer, commanding a troop
+of horse, that came from Ayr, marching eastward; and, meeting at the
+tollhouse, or tolbooth, one David Veitch, brother to the laird of
+Dawick, in Tweeddale, and one of the loyal party, being prisoner in
+irons by the English, did arise, and came to the window at their
+meeting, and cryed out, that they should _fight valiantly for King
+Charles_, Where-through, they, taking each other for the loyal party,
+did begin a brisk fight, which continued for a while, til the dragoons,
+having spent their shot, and finding the horsemen to be too strong for
+them, did give ground; but yet retired, in some order, towards the
+castle of Sanquhar, being hotly pursued by the troop, through the whole
+town, above a quarter of a mile, till they came to the castle; where
+both parties did, to their mutual grief, become sensible of their
+mistake. In this skirmish there were several killed on both sides, and
+Captain Palmer himself dangerously wounded, with many mo wounded in each
+troop, who did peaceably dwell together afterward for a time, untill
+their wounds were cured, in Sanquhar castle."--_Account of Presbytery of
+Penpont, in Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+  _And bold Aboyne is to the sea,
+    Young Huntly is his noble name._--P. 41. v. 3.
+
+James, earl of Aboyne, who fled to France, and there died heart-broken.
+It is said, his death was accelerated by the news of King Charles'
+execution. He became representative of the Gordon family, or _Young
+Huntly_, as the ballad expresses it, in consequence of the death of his
+elder brother, George, who fell in the battle of Alford.--_History of
+Gordon Family._
+
+  _Two thousand of our Danish men._--P. 41. v. 5.
+
+Montrose's foreign auxiliaries, who, by the way, did not exceed 600 in
+all.
+
+  _Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,
+    By whom the king's banner was borne._--P. 42. v. 1.
+
+Gilbert Menzies, younger of Pitfoddells, carried the royal banner in
+Montrose's last battle. It bore the headless corpse of Charles I., with
+this motto, _"Judge and revenge my cause, O Lord!"_ Menzies proved
+himself worthy of this noble trust, and, obstinately refusing quarter,
+died in defence of his charge. _Montrose's Memoirs_.
+
+  _Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith._--P. 42. v. 2.
+
+Sir Charles Hacket, an officer in the service of the estates.
+
+  _And Huntly's gone, the self-same way._--P. 42. v. 4.
+
+George Gordon, second marquis of Huntley, one of the very few nobles in
+Scotland, who had uniformly adhered to the king from the very beginning
+of the troubles, was beheaded by the sentence of the parliament of
+Scotland (so calling themselves), upon the 22d March, 1649, one month
+and twenty-two days after the martyrdom of his master. He has been much
+blamed for not cordially co-operating with Montrose; and Bishop Wishart,
+in the zeal of partiality for his hero, accuses Huntley of direct
+treachery. But he is a true believer, who seals, with his blood, his
+creed, religious or political; and there are many reasons, short of this
+foul charge, which may have dictated the backward conduct of Huntley
+towards Montrose. He could not forget, that, when he first stood out for
+the king, Montrose, then the soldier of the covenant, had actually made
+him prisoner: and we cannot suppose Huntley to have been so sensible of
+Montrose's superior military talents, as not to think himself, as equal
+in rank, superior in power, and more uniform in loyalty entitled to
+equally high marks of royal trust and favour. This much is certain, that
+the gallant clan of Gordon contributed greatly to Montrose's success;
+for the gentlemen of that name, with the brave and loyal Ogilvies,
+composed the principal part of his cavalry.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.
+
+
+We have observed the early antipathy, mutually entertained by the
+Scottish presbyterians and the house of Stuart It seems to have glowed
+in the breast even of the good-natured Charles II. He might have
+remembered, that, in 1551, the presbyterians had fought, bled, and
+ruined themselves in his cause. But he rather recollected their early
+faults than their late repentance; and even their services were combined
+with the recollection of the absurd and humiliating circumstances of
+personal degradation,[A] to which their pride and folly had subjected
+him, while they professed to espouse his cause. As a man of pleasure, he
+hated their stern and inflexible rigour, which stigmatised follies
+even more deeply than crimes; and he whispered to his confidents, that
+"presbytery was no religion for a gentleman." It is not, therefore,
+wonderful, that, in the first year of his restoration, he formally
+reestablished prelacy in Scotland; but it is surprising, that, with his
+father's example before his eyes, he should not have been satisfied
+to leave at freedom the consciences of those who could not reconcile
+themselves to the new system. The religious opinions of sectaries have a
+tendency like the water of some springs, to become soft and mild, when
+freely exposed to the open day. Who can recognise in the decent and
+industrious quakers, and ana-baptists the wild and ferocious tenets
+which distinguished their sects, while they were yet honoured with the
+distinction of the scourge and the pillory? Had the system of coercion
+against the presbyterians been continued until our day, Blair and
+Robertson would have preached in the wilderness, and only discovered
+their powers of eloquence and composition, by rolling along a deeper
+torrent of gloomy fanaticism.
+
+[Footnote A: Among other ridiculous occurrences, it is said, that some
+of Charles's gallantries were discovered by a prying neighbour. A wily
+old minister was deputed, by his brethren, to rebuke the king for this
+heinous scandal. Being introduced into the royal presence he limited
+his commission to a serious admonition, that, upon such occasions,
+his majesty should always shut the windows.--The king is said to have
+recompensed this unexpected lenity after the Restoration. He probably
+remembered the joke, though he might have forgotten the service.]
+
+The western counties distinguished themselves by their opposition to the
+prelatic system. Three hundred and fifty ministers, ejected from their
+churches and livings, wandered through the mountains, sowing the seeds
+of covenanted doctrine, while multitudes of fanatical followers pursued
+them, to reap the forbidden crop. These conventicles as they were
+called, were denounced by the law, and their frequenters dispersed by
+military force. The genius of the persecuted became stubborn, obstinate,
+and ferocious; and, although indulgencies were tardily granted to some
+presbyterian ministers, few of the true covenanters or whigs, as they
+were called, would condescend to compound with a prelatic government, or
+to listen even to their own favourite doctrine under the auspices of the
+king. From Richard Cameron, their apostle, this rigid sect acquired the
+name of Cameronians. They preached and prayed against the indulgence,
+and against the presbyterians who availed themselves of it, because
+their accepting this royal boon was a tacit acknowledgment of the king's
+supremacy in ecclesiastical matters. Upon these bigotted and persecuted
+fanatics, and by no means upon the presbyterians at large, are to
+be charged the wild anarchical principles of anti-monarchy and
+assassination which polluted the period when they flourished.
+
+The insurrection, commemorated and magnified in the following ballad, as
+indeed it has been in some histories, was, in itself, no very important
+affair. It began in Dumfries-shire where Sir James Turner, a soldier
+of fortune, was employed to levy the arbitrary fines imposed for not
+attending the episcopal churches. The people rose, seized his person,
+disarmed his soldiers, and having continued together, resolved to march
+towards Edinburgh, expecting to be joined by their friends in that
+quarter. In this they were disappointed; and, being now diminished to
+half their numbers, they drew up on the Pentland Hills, at a place
+called Rullien Green. They were commanded by one Wallace; and here they
+awaited the approach of General Dalziel, of Binns; who, having marched
+to Calder, to meet them on the Lanark road, and finding, that, by
+passing through Collington, they had got to the other side of the hills,
+cut through the mountains, and approached them. Wallace shewed both
+spirit and judgment: he drew his men up in a very strong situation, and
+withstood two charges of Dalziel's cavalry; but, upon the third shock,
+the insurgents were broken, and utterly dispersed. There was very little
+slaughter, as the cavalry of Dalziel were chiefly gentlemen, who pitied
+their oppressed and misguided countrymen. There were about fifty killed,
+and as many made prisoners. The battle was fought on the 28th November,
+1666; a day still observed by the scattered remnant of the Cameronian
+sect, who regularly hear a field-preaching upon the field of battle.
+
+I am obliged for a copy of the ballad to Mr Livingston of Airds, who
+took it down from the recitation of an old woman residing on his estate.
+
+The gallant Grahams, mentioned in the text, are Graham of Claverhouse's
+horse.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.
+
+
+_This Ballad is copied verbatim from the Old Woman's recitation._
+
+
+  The gallant Grahams cum from the west,
+  Wi' their horses black as ony craw;
+  The Lothian lads they marched fast,
+  To be at the Rhyns o' Gallowa.
+
+  Betwixt Dumfries town and Argyle,
+  The lads they marched mony a mile;
+  Souters and taylors unto them drew,
+  Their covenants for to renew.
+
+  The whigs, they, wi' their merry cracks,
+  Gard the poor pedlars lay down their packs;
+  But aye sinsyne they do repent
+  The renewing o' their covenant.
+
+  A the Mauchline muir, where they were reviewed,
+  Ten thousand men in armour shewed;
+  But, ere they cam to the Brockie's burn,
+  The half o' them did back return.
+
+  General Dalyell, as I hear tell,
+  Was our lieutenant general;
+  And captain Welsh, wi' his wit and skill,
+  Was to guide them on to the Pentland hill.
+
+  General Dalyell held to the hill,
+  Asking at them what was their will;
+  And who gave them this protestation,
+  To rise in arms against the nation?
+
+  "Although we all in armour be,
+  It's not against his majesty;
+  Nor yet to spill our neighbour's bluid,
+  But wi' the country we'll conclude."
+
+  "Lay down your arms, in the king's name,
+  And ye shall all gae safely hame;"
+  But they a' cried out, wi' ae consent,
+  "We'll fight a broken covenant."
+
+  "O well," says he, "since it is so,
+  A willfu' man never wanted woe;"
+  He then gave a sign unto his lads,
+  And they drew up in their brigades.
+
+  The trumpets blew, and the colours flew,
+  And every man to his armour drew;
+  The whigs were never so much aghast,
+  As to see their saddles toom sae fast.
+
+  The cleverest men stood in the van,
+  The whigs they took their heels and ran;
+  But such a raking was never seen,
+  As the raking o' the Rullien Green.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.
+
+
+The whigs, now become desperate, adopted the most desperate principles;
+and retaliating, as far as they could, the intolerating persecution
+which they endured, they openly disclaimed allegiance to any monarch
+who should not profess presbytery, and subscribe the covenant.--These
+principles were not likely to conciliate the favour of government; and
+as we wade onward in the history of the times, the scenes become yet
+darker. At length, one would imagine the parties had agreed to divide
+the kingdom of vice betwixt them; the hunters assuming to themselves
+open profligacy and legalized oppression; and the hunted, the opposite
+attributes of hypocrisy, fanaticism, disloyalty, and midnight
+assassination. The troopers and cavaliers became enthusiasts in the
+pursuit of the covenanters If Messrs Kid, King, Cameron, Peden, &c.
+boasted of prophetic powers, and were often warned of the approach of
+the soldiers, by supernatural impulse,[A] captain John Creichton, on
+the other side, dreamed dreams, and saw visions (chiefly, indeed, after
+having drunk hard), in which the lurking holes of the rebels were
+discovered to his imagination.[B] Our ears are scarcely more shocked
+with the profane execrations of the persecutors,[C] than with the
+strange and insolent familiarity used towards the Deity by the
+persecuted fanatics. Their indecent modes of prayer, their extravagant
+expectations of miraculous assistance, and their supposed inspirations,
+might easily furnish out a tale, at which the good would sigh, and the
+gay would laugh.
+
+[Footnote A: In the year 1684, Peden, one of the Cameronian preachers,
+about ten o'clock at night, sitting at the fire-side, started up to his
+feet, and said, "Flee, auld Sandie (thus he designed himself), and hide
+yourself! for colonel----is coming to this house to apprehend you; and
+I advise you all to do the like, for he will be here within an hour;"
+which came to pass: and when they had made a very narrow search, within
+and without the house, and went round the thorn-bush, under which he was
+lying praying, they went off without their prey. He came in, and said,
+"And has this gentleman (designed by his name) given poor Sandie, and
+thir poor things, such a fright? For this night's work, God shall give
+him such a blow, within a few days, that all the physicians on earth
+shall not be able to cure;" which came to pass, for he died in great
+misery.--_Life of Alexander Peden._]
+
+[Footnote B: See the life of this booted apostle of prelacy, written by
+Swift, who had collected all his anecdotes of persecution, and appears
+to have enjoyed them accordingly.]
+
+[Footnote C: "They raved," says Peden's historian, "like fleshly devils,
+when the mist shrouded from their pursuit the wandering whigs." One
+gentleman closed a declaration of vengeance against the conventiclers
+with this strange imprecation, "Or may the devil make my ribs a gridiron
+to my soul!"--MS. _Account of the Presbytery of Penpont._ Our armies
+swore terribly in Flanders, but nothing to this!]
+
+In truth, extremes always approach each other; and the superstition of
+the Roman catholics was, in some degree, revived, even by their most
+deadly enemies. They are ridiculed by the cavaliers, as wearing the
+relics of their saints by way of amulet:--
+
+  "She shewed to me a box, wherein lay hid
+  The pictures of Cargil and Mr Kid;
+  A splinter of the tree, on which they were slain;
+  A double inch of Major Weir's best cane;
+  Rathillet's sword, beat down to table-knife,
+  Which took at Magus' Muir a bishop's life;
+  The worthy Welch's spectacles, who saw,
+  That windle-straws would fight against the law;
+  They, windle-straws, were stoutest of the two,
+  They kept their ground, away the prophet flew;
+  And lists of all the prophets' names were seen
+  At Pentland Hills, Aird-Moss, and Rullen Green.
+    "Don't think," she says, "these holy things are foppery;
+  They're precious antidotes against the power of popery."
+      _The Cameronian Tooth.--Pennycuick's Poems,_ p. 110.
+
+The militia and standing army soon became unequal to the task of
+enforcing conformity, and suppressing conventicles In, their aid, and to
+force compliance with a test proposed by government, the Highland
+clans were raised, and poured down into Ayrshire.[A] An armed host
+of undisciplined mountaineers, speaking a different language, and
+professing, many of them, another religion, were let loose, to ravage
+and plunder this unfortunate country; and it is truly astonishing to
+find how few acts of cruelty they perpetrated, and how seldom they added
+murder to pillage[B] Additional levies of horse were also raised, under
+the name of Independent Troops, and great part of them placed under the
+command of James Grahame of Claverhouse a man well known to fame, by
+his subsequent title of viscount Dundee, but better remembered, in the
+western shires, under the designation of the bloody Clavers. In truth,
+he appears to have combined the virtues and vices of a savage chief.
+Fierce, unbending, and rigorous, no emotion of compassion prevented his
+commanding, and witnessing, every detail of military execution against
+the non-conformists. Undauntedly brave, and steadily faithful to his
+prince, he sacrificed himself in the cause of James, when he was
+deserted by all the world. If we add, to these attributes, a goodly
+person, complete skill in martial exercises, and that ready and decisive
+character, so essential to a commander, we may form some idea of this
+extraordinary character. The whigs, whom he persecuted daunted by his
+ferocity and courage, conceived him to be impassive to their bullets,[C]
+and that he had sold himself, for temporal greatness, to the
+seducer of mankind. It is still believed, that a cup of wine,
+presented to him by his butler, changed into clotted blood; and
+that, when he plunged his feet into cold water, their touch
+caused it to boil. The steed, which bore him, was supposed
+to be the gift of Satan; and precipices are shewn, where a fox could
+hardly keep his feet, down which the infernal charger conveyed him
+safely, in pursuit of the wanderers. It is remembered, with terror, that
+Claverhouse was successful in every engagement with the whigs, except
+that at Drumclog, or Loudon-hill, which is the subject of the following
+ballad. The history of Burly, the hero of the piece, will bring us
+immediately to the causes and circumstances of that event.
+
+[Footnote A: Peden complained heavily, that, after a heavy struggle with
+the devil, he had got above him, _spur-galled_ him hard, and obtained a
+wind to carry him from Ireland to Scotland, when, behold! another person
+had set sail, and reaped the advantage of his _prayer-wind,_ before he
+could embark.]
+
+[Footnote B: Cleland thus describes this extraordinary army:
+
+  --Those, who were their chief commanders,
+  As sach who bore the pirnie standarts.
+  Who led the van, and drove the rear,
+  Were right well mounted of their gear;
+  With brogues, and trews, and pirnie plaids,
+  With good blue bonnets on their heads,
+  Which, oil the one side, had a flipe,
+  Adorn'd with a tobacco pipe,
+  With durk, and snap-work, and snuff-mill,
+  A bag which they with onions fill;
+  And, as their strict observers say,
+  A tup-born filled with usquebay;
+  A slasht out coat beneath her plaides,
+  A targe of timber, nails, and hides;
+  With a long two-handed sword,
+  As good's the country can afford.
+  Had they not need of bulk-and bones.
+  Who fought with all these arms at once?
+
+         *       *       *       *
+
+  Of moral honestie they're clean,
+  Nought like religion they retain;
+  In nothing they're accounted sharp,
+  Except in bag-pipe, and in harp;
+  For a misobliging word,
+  She'll durk her neighbour o'er the boord,
+  And then she'll flee like fire from flint,
+  She'll scarcely ward the second dint;
+  If any ask her of her thrift.
+  Forsooth her nainsell lives by thift.
+    _Cleland's Poems,_ Edin. 1697, p. 12.
+]
+
+[Footnote C: It was, and is believed, that the devil furnished his
+favourites, among the persecutors, with what is called _proof_
+against leaden bullets, but against those only. During the battle of
+Pentland-hills Paton of Meadowhead conceived he saw the balls hop
+harmlessly down from General Dalziel's boots, and, to counteract the
+spell, loaded his pistol with a piece of silver coin. But Dalziel,
+having his eye on him, drew back behind his servant, who was shot
+dead.--_Paton's Life._ At a skirmish, in Ayrshire, some of the wanderers
+defended themselves in a sequestered house, by the side of a lake. They
+aimed repeatedly, but in vain, at the commander of the assailants, an
+English officer, until, their ammunition running short, one of them
+loaded his piece with the ball at the head of the tongs, and succeeded
+in shooting the hitherto impenetrable captain. To accommodate Dundee's
+fate to their own hypothesis, the Cameronian tradition runs, that, in
+the battle of Killicrankie, he fell, not by the enemy's fire, but by the
+pistol of one of his own servants, who, to avoid the spell, had loaded
+it with a silver button from his coat. One of their writers argues thus:
+"Perhaps, some may think this, anent proof-shot, a paradox, and be ready
+to object here, as formerly concerning Bishop Sharpe and Dalziel--How
+can the devil have, or give, power to save life? Without entering upon
+the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1. That it is neither
+in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is
+called Apollyon, the destroyer. 2. That, even in this case, he is said
+only to give enchantment against one kind of metal, and this does not
+save life: for, though lead could not take Sharpe and Claverhouse's
+lives, yet steel and silver could do it; and, for Dalziel, though
+he died not on the field, yet he did not escape the arrows of the
+Almighty."--_God's Judgement against Persecutors._ If the reader be not
+now convinced of _the thing in its reality_, I have nothing to add to
+such exquisite reasoning.]
+
+John Balfour of Kinloch, commonly called Burly, was one of the fiercest
+of the proscribed sect. A gentleman by birth, he was, says his
+biographer, "zealous and honest-hearted, courageous in every enterprise,
+and a brave soldier, seldom any escaping that came in his hands." _Life
+of John Balfour._ Creichton says, that he was once chamberlain to
+Archbishop Sharpe, and, by negligence, or dishonesty, had incurred
+a large arrear, which occasioned his being active in his master's
+assassination. But of this I know no other evidence than Creichton's
+assertion, and a hint in Wodrow. Burly, for that is his most common
+designation, was brother-in-law to Hackston of Rathillet a wild
+enthusiastic character, who joined daring courage, and skill in the
+sword, to the fiery zeal of his sect. Burly, himself, was less eminent
+for religious fervour than for the active and violent share which he had
+in the most desperate enterprises of his party. His name does not appear
+among the covenanters, who were denounced for the affair of Pentland.
+But, in 1677, Robert Hamilton, afterwards commander of the insurgents at
+Loudon Hill, and Bothwell Bridge, with several other non-conformists,
+were assembled at this Burly's house, in Fife. There they were attacked
+by a party of soldiers, commanded by Captain Carstairs, whom they beat
+off, wounding desperately one of his party. For this resistance to
+authority, they were declared rebels. The next exploit, in which Burly
+was engaged, was of a bloodier complexion, and more dreadful celebrity.
+It is well known, that James Sharpe, archbishop of St Andrews, was
+regarded, by the rigid presbyterians, not only as a renegade, who had
+turned back from the spiritual plough, but as the principal author of
+the rigours exercised against their sect. He employed, as an agent of
+his oppression, one Carmichael, a decayed gentleman. The industry
+of this man, in procuring information, and in enforcing the severe
+penalties against conventiclers, having excited the resentment of
+the Cameronians, nine of their number, of whom Burly, and his
+brother-in-law, Hackston, were the leaders, assembled, with the purpose
+of way-laying and murdering Carmichael; but, while they searched for him
+in vain, they received tidings that the archbishop himself was at hand.
+The party resorted to prayer; after which, they agreed, unanimously,
+that the Lord had delivered the wicked Haman into their hand. In the
+execution of the supposed will of heaven, they agreed to put themselves
+under the command of a leader; and they requested Hackston of Rathillet
+to accept the office, which he declined alleging, that, should he comply
+with their request, the slaughter might be imputed to a private quarrel,
+which existed betwixt him and the archbishop. The command was then
+offered to Burly, who accepted it without scruple; and they galloped off
+in pursuit of the archbishop's carriage, which contained himself and
+his daughter. Being well mounted, they easily overtook and disarmed the
+prelate's attendants. Burly, crying out, "Judas, be taken!" rode up to
+the carriage, wounded the postillion and ham-strung one of the horses.
+He then fired into the coach a piece, charged with several bullets, so
+near, that the archbishop's gown was set on fire. The rest, coming up,
+dismounted, and dragged him out of the carriage, when, frightened and
+wounded, he crawled towards Hackston, who still remained on horseback,
+and begged for mercy. The stern enthusiast contented himself with
+answering, that he would not himself _lay a hand on him_. Burly and his
+men again fired a volley upon the kneeling old man; and were in the act
+of riding off, when one, who remained to girth his horse, unfortunately
+heard the daughter of their victim call to the servant for help,
+exclaiming, that his master was still alive. Burly then again
+dismounted, struck off the prelate's hat with his foot, and split his
+skull with his shable (broad sword), although one of the party (probably
+Rathillet) exclaimed, "_Spare these grey hairs_!"[A] The rest pierced
+him with repeated wounds. They plundered the carriage, and rode off,
+leaving, beside the mangled corpse, the daughter, who was herself
+wounded, in her pious endeavour to interpose betwixt her father and his
+murderers. The murder is accurately represented, in bas-relief, upon a
+beautiful monument erected to the memory of Archbishop Sharpe, in the
+metropolitan church of St Andrews. This memorable example of fanatic
+revenge was acted upon Magus Muir, near St Andrews, 3d May, 1679.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: They believed Sharpe to be proof against shot; for one of
+the murderers told Wodrow, that, at the sight of cold iron, his courage
+fell. They no longer doubted this, when they found in his pocket a small
+clue of silk, rolled round a bit of parchment, marked with two long
+words, in Hebrew or Chaldaic characters. Accordingly, it is still
+averred, that the balls only left blue marks on the prelate's neck and
+breast, although the discharge was so near as to burn his clothes.]
+
+[Footnote B: The question, whether the bishop of St Andrews' death was
+murder was a shibboleth, or _experimentum crucis_, frequently put to the
+apprehended conventiclers. Isabel Alison, executed at Edinburgh, 26th
+January, 1681, was interrogated, before the privy council, if she
+conversed with David Hackston? "I answered, I did converse with him, and
+I bless the Lord that ever I saw him; for I never saw ought in him but
+a godly pious youth. They asked, if the killing of the bishop of St
+Andrews was a pious act? I answered, I never heard him say he killed
+him; but, if God moved any, and put it upon them, to execute his
+righteous judgment upon him, I have nothing to say to that. They asked
+me, when saw ye John Balfour (Burly), that pious youth? I answered,
+I have seen him. They asked, when? I answered, these are frivolous
+questions; I am not bound to answer them." _Cloud of Witnesses_, p. 85.]
+
+Burly was, of course, obliged to leave Fife; and, upon the 25th of the
+same month, he arrived in Evandale, in Lanarkshire, along with Hackston,
+and a fellow, called Dingwall, or Daniel, one of the same bloody band.
+Here he joined his old friend Hamilton, already mentioned; and, as they
+resolved to take up arms, they were soon at the head of such a body of
+the "chased and tossed western men," as they thought equal to keep the
+field. They resolved to commence their exploits upon the 29th of May,
+1679, being the anniversary of the Restoration, appointed to be kept as
+a holiday, by act of parliament; an institution which they esteemed a
+presumptuous and unholy solemnity. Accordingly, at the head of eighty
+horse, tolerably appointed, Hamilton, Burly, and Hackston, entered the
+royal burgh of Rutherglen, extinguished the bonfires, made in honour
+of the day; burned at the cross the acts of parliament in favour of
+prelacy, and for suppression of conventicles, as well as those acts
+of council, which regulated the indulgence granted to presbyterians.
+Against all these acts they entered their solemn protest, or testimony,
+as they called it; and, having affixed it to the cross, concluded with
+prayer and psalms. Being now joined by a large body of foot, so that
+their strength seems to have amounted to five or six hundred men, though
+very indifferently armed, they encamped upon Loudoun Hill. Claverhouse,
+who was in garrison at Glasgow, instantly marched against the
+insurgents, at the head of his own troop of cavalry and others,
+amounting to about one hundred and fifty men. He arrived at Hamilton,
+on the 1st of June, so unexpectedly, as to make prisoner John King, a
+famous preacher among the wanderers; and rapidly continued his march,
+carrying his captive along with him, till he came to the village of
+Drumclog, about a mile east of Loudoun Hill, and twelve miles south-west
+of Hamilton. At some distance from this place, the insurgents were
+skilfully posted in a boggy strait, almost inaccessible to cavalry,
+having a broad ditch in their front. Claverhouse's dragoons discharged
+their carabines, and made an attempt to charge; but the nature of the
+ground threw them into total disorder. Burly, who commanded the handful
+of horse belonging to the whigs, instantly led them down on the
+disordered squadrons of Claverhouse, who were, at the same time,
+vigorously assaulted by the foot, headed by the gallant Cleland,[A] and
+the enthusiastic Hackston. Claverhouse himself was forced to fly, and
+was in the utmost danger of being taken; his horse's belly being cut
+open by the stroke of a scythe, so that the poor animal trailed his
+bowels for more than a mile. In his flight, he passed King, the
+minister, lately his prisoner, but now deserted by his guard, in the
+general confusion. The preacher hollowed to the flying commander, "to
+halt, and take his prisoner with him;" or, as others say, "to stay,
+and take the afternoon's preaching." Claverhouse, at length remounted,
+continued his retreat to Glasgow. He lost, in the skirmish, about twenty
+of his troopers, and his own cornet and kinsman, Robert Graham, whose
+fate is alluded to in the ballad. Only four of the other side were
+killed, among whom was Dingwall, or Daniel, an associate of Burly in
+Sharpe's murder. "The rebels," says Creichton, "finding the cornet's
+body, and supposing it to be that of Clavers, because the name of Graham
+was wrought in the shirt-neck, treated it with the utmost inhumanity;
+cutting off the nose, picking out the eyes, and stabbing it through in
+a hundred places." The same charge is brought by Guild, in his _Bellum
+Bothuellianum_, in which occurs the following account of the skirmish at
+Drumclog:--
+
+  Mons est occiduus surgit qui celsus in oris
+  (Nomine Loudunum) fossis puteisque profundis
+  Quot scatet hic tellus et aprico gramine tectus:
+  Huc collecta (ait) numeroso milite cincta;
+  Turba ferox, matres, pueri, innuptaeque puellae;
+  Quam parat egregia Graemus dispersere turma.
+  Venit, et primo campo discedere cogit;
+  Post hos et alios, caeno provolvit inerti;
+  At numerosa cohors, campum dispersa per omnem,
+  Circumfusa, ruit; turmasque indagine captas,
+  Aggreditur; virtus non hic, nec profuit ensis;
+  Corripuere fugam, viridi sed gramine tectis,
+  Precipitata perit, fossis, pars plurima, quorum
+  Cornipedes haesere luto, sessore rejecto:
+  Tum rabiosa cohors, misereri nescia, stratos
+  Invadit laceratque viros: hic signifer eheu!
+  Trajectus globulo, Graemus quo fortior alter,
+  Inter Scotigenas fuerat, nec justior ullus:
+  Hunc manibus rapuere feris, faciemque virilem
+  Faedarunt, lingua, auriculus, manibusque resectis,
+  Aspera, diffuso, spargentes saxa, cerebro:
+  Vix dux ipse fuga salvus, namque exta trahebat
+  Vulnere tardatus, sonipes generosus hiante:
+  Insequitur clamore, cohors fanatica, namque
+  Crudelis semper timidus si vicerit unquam.
+      _MS. Bellum Bothuellianum._
+
+[Footnote A: William Cleland, a man of considerable genius, was author
+of several poems, published in 1697. His Hudibrastic verses are poor
+scurrilous trash, as the reader may judge from the description of the
+Highlanders, already quoted. But, in a wild rhapsody, entitled, "Hollo,
+my Fancy," he displays some imagination. His anti-monarchical principles
+seem to break out in the following lines:--
+
+  Fain would I know (if beasts have any reason)
+  _If falcons killing eagles do commit a treason?_
+
+He was a strict non-conformist, and, after the Revolution, became
+lieutenant colonel of the earl of Angus's regiment, called the
+Cameronian regiment. He was killed 21st August, 1689, in the churchyard
+of Dunkeld, which his corps manfully and successfully defended against
+a superior body of Highlanders. His son was the author of the letter
+prefixed to the Dunciad, and is said to have been the notorious Cleland,
+who, in circumstances of pecuniary embarrassment, prostituted his
+talents to the composition of indecent and infamous works; but this
+seems inconsistent with dates, and the latter personage was probably the
+grandson of Colonel Cleland.]
+
+Although Burly was among the most active leaders in the action, he was
+not the commander in chief, as one would conceive from the ballad. That
+honour belonged to Robert Hamilton, brother to Sir William Hamilton of
+Preston, a gentleman, who, like most of those at Drumclog, had imbibed
+the very wildest principles of fanaticism. The Cameronian account of
+the insurrection states, that "Mr Hamilton discovered a great deal of
+bravery and valour, both in the conflict with, and pursuit of the enemy;
+but when he and some others were pursuing the enemy, others flew too
+greedily upon the spoil, small as it was, instead of pursuing the
+victory: and some, without Mr Hamilton's knowledge, and against his
+strict command, gave five of these bloody enemies quarters, and then let
+them go: this greatly grieved Mr Hamilton, when he saw some of Babel's
+brats spared, after the Lord had delivered them to their hands, that
+they might dash them against the stones." _Psalm_ cxxxvii. 9. In his own
+account of this, "he reckons the sparing of these enemies, and letting
+them go, to be among their first stepping aside; for which, he feared
+that the Lord would not honour them to do much more for him; and says,
+that he was neither for taking favours from, nor giving favours to the
+Lord's enemies." Burly was not a likely man to fall into this sort of
+backsliding. He disarmed one of the duke of Hamilton's servants, who had
+been in the action, and desired him to tell his master, he would keep,
+till meeting, the pistols he had taken from him. The man described Burly
+to the duke as a little stout man, squint-eyed, and of a most ferocious
+aspect; from which it appears, that Burly's figure corresponded to his
+manners, and perhaps gave rise to his nickname, _Burly_ signifying
+_strong_. He was with the insurgents till the battle of Bothwell Bridge,
+and afterwards fled to Holland. He joined the prince of Orange, but died
+at sea, during the expedition. The Cameronians still believe, he
+had obtained liberty from the prince to be avenged of those who had
+persecuted the Lord's people; but through his death, the laudable design
+of purging the land with their blood, is supposed to have fallen to the
+ground.--_Life of Balfour of Kinloch._
+
+The consequences of the battle of Loudon Hill will be detailed in the
+introduction to the next ballad.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.
+
+
+  You'l marvel when I tell ye o'
+   Our noble Burly, and his train;
+  When last he march'd up thro' the land,
+   Wi' sax and twenty westland men.
+
+  Than they I ne'er o' braver heard,
+   For they had a' baith wit and skill
+  They proved right well, as I heard tell,
+   As they cam up o'er Loudoun Hill.
+
+  Weel prosper a' the gospel lads,
+   That are into the west countrie;
+  Ay wicked Claver'se to demean,
+   And ay an ill dead may he die!
+
+  For he's drawn up i' battle rank,
+   An' that baith soon an' hastilie;
+  But they wha live till simmer come,
+   Some bludie days for this will see.
+
+  But up spak cruel Claver'se then,
+   Wi' hastie wit, an' wicked skill;
+  "Gie fire on yon westlan' men;
+   "I think it is my sov'reign's will."
+
+  But up bespake his cornet, then,
+   "It's be wi' nae consent o' me!
+  "I ken I'll ne'er come back again,
+   "An' mony mae as weel as me.
+
+  "There is not ane of a' yon men,
+   "But wha is worthy other three;
+  "There is na ane amang them a',
+   "That in his cause will stap to die.
+
+  "An' as for Burly, him I knaw;
+   "He's a man of honour, birth, an' fame;
+  "Gie him a sword into his hand,
+   "He'll fight thysel an' other ten."
+
+  But up spake wicked Claver'se then,
+   I wat his heart it raise fu' hie!
+  And he has cry'd that a' might hear,
+  "Man, ye hae sair deceived me.
+
+  "I never ken'd the like afore,
+   "Na, never since I came frae hame,
+  "That you sae cowardly here suld prove,
+   "An' yet come of a noble Graeme."
+
+  But up bespake his cornet, then,
+  "Since that it is your honour's will,
+   "Mysel shall be the foremost man,
+  "That shall gie fire on Loudoun Hill.
+
+  "At your command I'll lead them on,
+   "But yet wi' nae consent o' me;
+  "For weel I ken I'll ne'er return,
+   "And mony mae as weel as me."
+
+  Then up he drew in battle rank;
+   I wat he had a bonny train!
+  But the first time that bullets flew,
+   Ay he lost twenty o' his men.
+
+  Then back he came the way he gael,
+   I wat right soon an' suddenly!
+  He gave command amang his men,
+   And sent them back, and bade them flee.
+
+  Then up came Burly, bauld an' stout,
+   Wi's little train o' westland men;
+  Wha mair than either aince or twice
+   In Edinburgh confined had been.
+
+  They hae been up to London sent,
+   An' yet they're a' come safely down;
+  Sax troop o' horsemen they hae beat,
+   And chased them into Glasgow town.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+It has been often remarked, that the Scottish, notwithstanding their
+national courage, were always unsuccessful, when fighting for their
+religion. The cause lay, not in the principle, but in the mode of its
+application. A leader like Mahomet, who is, at the same time, the
+prophet of his tribe, may avail himself of religious enthusiasm, because
+it comes to the aid of discipline, and is a powerful means of attaining
+the despotic command, essential to the success of a general. But,
+among the insurgents, in the reigns of the last Stuarts, were mingled
+preachers, who taught different shades of the presbyterian doctrine;
+and, minute as these shades sometimes were, neither the several
+shepherds, nor their flocks, could cheerfully unite in a common cause.
+This will appear from the transactions leading to the battle of Bothwell
+Bridge.
+
+We have seen, that the party, which defeated Claverhouse at Loudoun
+Hill, were Cameronians, whose principles consisted in disowning all
+temporal authority, which did not flow from and through the Solemn
+League and Covenant. This doctrine, which is still retained by a
+scattered remnant of the sect in Scotland, is in theory, and would be in
+practice, inconsistent with the safety of any well regulated government,
+because the Covenanters deny to their governors that toleration, which
+was iniquitously refused to themselves. In many respects, therefore, we
+cannot be surprised at the anxiety and rigour with which the Cameronians
+were persecuted, although we may be of opinion, that milder means would
+have induced a melioration of their principles. These men, as already
+noticed, excepted against such presbyterians, as were contented to
+exercise their worship under the indulgence granted by government,
+or, in other words, who would have been satisfied with toleration for
+themselves, without insisting upon a revolution in the state, or even in
+the church government.
+
+When, however, the success at Loudoun Hill was spread abroad, a number
+of preachers, gentlemen, and common people, who had embraced the more
+moderate doctrine, joined the army of Hamilton, thinking, that the
+difference in their opinions ought not to prevent their acting in the
+common cause. The insurgents were repulsed in an attack upon the town
+of Glasgow, which, however, Claverhouse, shortly afterwards, thought it
+necessary to evacuate. They were now nearly in full possession of the
+west of Scotland, and pitched their camp at Hamilton, where, instead of
+modelling and disciplining their army, the Cameronians and Erastians
+(for so the violent insurgents chose to call the more moderate
+presbyterians) only debated, in council of war, the real cause of their
+being in arms. Hamilton, their general, was the leader of the first
+party; Mr John Walsh, a minister, headed the Erastians. The latter so
+far prevailed, as to get a declaration drawn up, in which they owned the
+king's government; but the publication of it gave rise to new quarrels.
+Each faction had its own set of leaders, all of whom aspired to be
+officers; and there were actually two councils of war issuing contrary
+orders and declarations at the same time; the one owning the king, and
+the other designing him a malignant, bloody, and perjured tyrant.
+
+Meanwhile, their numbers and zeal were magnified at Edinburgh, and great
+alarm excited lest they should march eastward. Not only was the foot
+militia instantly called out, but proclamations were issued, directing
+all the heritors, in the eastern, southern, and northern shires, to
+repair to the king's host, with their best horses, arms, and retainers.
+In Fife, and other countries, where the presbyterian doctrines
+prevailed, many gentlemen disobeyed this order, and were afterwards
+severely fined. Most of them alleged, in excuse, the apprehension of
+disquiet from their wives.[A] A respectable force was soon assembled;
+and James, duke of Buccleuch and Monmouth, was sent down, by Charles,
+to take the command, furnished with instructions, not unfavourable
+to presbyterians. The royal army now moved slowly forwards towards
+Hamilton, and reached Bothwell-moor on the 22d of June, 1679. The
+insurgents were encamped chiefly in the duke of Hamilton's park, along
+the Clyde, which separated the two armies. Bothwell-bridge, which is
+long and narrow, had then a portal in the middle, with gates, which the
+Covenanters shut, and barricadoed with stones and logs of timber. This
+important post was defended by three hundred of their best men, under
+Hackston of Rathillet, and Hall of Haughhead. Early in the morning, this
+party crossed the bridge, and skirmished with the royal van-guard,
+now advanced as far as the village of Bothwell. But Hackston speedily
+retired to his post, at the western end of Bothwell-bridge.
+
+[Footnote A: "Balcanquhall of that ilk alledged, that his horses were
+robbed, but shunned to take the declaration, for fear of disquiet from
+his wife. Young of Kirkton--his ladyes dangerous sickness, and bitter
+curses if he should leave her, and the appearance of abortion on his
+offering to go from her. And many others pled, in general terms, that
+their wives opposed or contradicted their going. But the justiciary
+court found this defence totally irrelevant."--Fountainhall's
+_Decisions_, Vol. I. p. 88.]
+
+While the dispositions, made by the duke of Monmouth, announced his
+purpose of assailing the pass, the more moderate of the insurgents
+resolved to offer terms. Ferguson of Kaithloch, a gentleman of landed
+fortune, and David Hume, a clergyman, carried to the duke of Monmouth
+a supplication, demanding free exercise of their religion, a free
+parliament, and a free general assembly of the church. The duke heard
+their demands with his natural mildness, and assured them, he would
+interpose with his majesty in their behalf, on condition of their
+immediately dispersing themselves, and yielding up their arms. Had the
+insurgents been all of the moderate opinion, this proposal would have
+been accepted, much bloodshed saved, and, perhaps, some permanent
+advantage derived to their party; or, had they been all Cameronians,
+their defence would have been fierce and desperate. But, while their
+motley and misassorted officers were debating upon the duke's proposal,
+his field-pieces were already planted on the eastern side of the
+river, to cover the attack of the foot guards, who were led on by Lord
+Livingstone to force the bridge. Here Hackston maintained his post with
+zeal and courage; nor was it until all his ammunition was expended, and
+every support denied him by the general, that he reluctantly abandoned
+the important pass.[A] When his party were drawn back, the duke's army,
+slowly, and with their cannon in front, defiled along the bridge,
+and formed in line of battle, as they came over the river; the duke
+commanded the foot, and Claverhouse the cavalry. It would seem, that
+these movements could not have been performed without at least some
+loss, had the enemy been serious in opposing them. But the insurgents
+were otherwise employed. With the strangest delusion, that ever fell
+upon devoted beings, they chose these precious moments to cashier their
+officers, and elect others in their room. In this important operation,
+they were at length disturbed by the duke's cannon, at the very first
+discharge of which, the horse of the Covenanters wheeled, and rode off,
+breaking and trampling down the ranks of their infantry in their flight.
+The Cameronian account blames Weir of Greenridge, a commander of the
+horse, who is termed a sad Achan in the camp. The more moderate party
+lay the whole blame on Hamilton, whose conduct, they say, left the world
+to debate, whether he was most traitor, coward, or fool. The generous
+Monmouth was anxious to spare the blood of his infatuated countrymen, by
+which he incurred much blame among the high-flying royalists. Lucky it
+was for the insurgents that the battle did not happen a day later, when
+old General Dalziel, who divided with Claverhouse the terror and hatred
+of the whigs, arrived in the camp, with a commission to supersede
+Monmouth, as commander in chief. He is said to have upbraided the
+duke, publicly, with his lenity, and heartily to have wished his own
+commission had come a day sooner, when, as he expresses himself, "These
+rogues should never more have troubled the king or country."[B] But,
+notwithstanding the merciful orders of the duke of Monmouth, the cavalry
+made great slaughter among the fugitives, of whom four hundred were
+slain. Guild thus expresses himself:
+
+  Ei ni Dux validus tenuisset forte catervas,
+  Vix quisquam profugus vitam servasset inertem:
+  Non audita Ducis verum mandata supremi
+  Omnibus, insequitur fugientes plurima turba,
+  Perque agros, passim, trepida formidine captos
+  Obtruncat, saevumque adigit per viscera ferrum.
+      _MS. Bellum Bothuellianum._
+
+[Footnote A: There is an accurate representation of this part of the
+engagement in an old painting, of which there are two copies extant;
+one in the collection of his grace the duke of Hamilton, the other at
+Dalkeith house. The whole appearance of the ground, even including a few
+old houses, is the same which the scene now presents: The removal of the
+porch, or gateway, upon the bridge, is the only perceptible difference.
+The duke of Monmouth, on a white charger, directs the march of the party
+engaged in storming the bridge, while his artillery gall the motley
+ranks of the Covenanters. An engraving of this painting would be
+acceptable to the curious; and I am satisfied an opportunity of copying
+it, for that purpose, would be readily granted by either of the noble
+proprietors.]
+
+[Footnote B: Dalziel was a man of savage manners. A prisoner having
+railed at him, while under examination before the privy council, calling
+him "a Muscovia beast, who used to roast men, the general, in a passion,
+struck him, with the pomel of his shabble, on the face, till the blood
+sprung."--FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 159. He had sworn never to shave his
+beard after the death of Charles the First. This venerable appendage
+reached his girdle, and, as he wore always an old-fashioned buff coat,
+his appearance in London never failed to attract the notice of the
+children and of the mob. King Charles II. used to swear at him, for
+bringing such a rabble of boys together, to be squeezed to death, while
+they gaped at his long beard and antique habit, and exhorted him to
+shave and dress like a Christian, to keep the poor _bairns_, as Dalziel
+expressed it, out of danger. In compliance with this request, he once
+appeared at court fashionably dressed, excepting the beard; but, when
+the king had laughed sufficiently at the metamorphosis, he
+resumed his old dress, to the great joy of the boys, his usual
+attendants.--CREICHTON'S _Memoirs_, p. 102.]
+
+The same deplorable circumstances are more elegantly bewailed in
+_Clyde_, a poem, reprinted in _Scotish Descriptive Poems_, edited by Dr
+John Leyden, Edinburgh, 1803:
+
+  "Where Bothwell's bridge connects the margins steep,
+  And Clyde, below, runs silent, strong, and deep,
+  The hardy peasant, by oppression driven
+  To battle, deemed his cause the cause of heaven:
+  Unskilled in arms, with useless courage stood,
+  While gentle Monmouth grieved to shed his blood:
+  But fierce Dundee, inflamed with deadly hate,
+  In vengeance for the great Montrose's fate,
+  Let loose the sword, and to the hero's shade
+  A barbarous hecatomb of victims paid."
+
+The object of Claverhouse's revenge, assigned by Wilson, is grander,
+though more remote and less natural, than that in the ballad, which
+imputes the severity of the pursuit to his thirst to revenge the death
+of his cornet and kinsman, at Drumclog;[A] and to the quarrel betwixt
+Claverhouse and Monmouth, it ascribes, with great _naiveté_ the bloody
+fate of the latter. Local tradition is always apt to trace foreign
+events to the domestic causes, which are more immediately in the
+narrator's view. There is said to be another song upon this battle, once
+very popular, but I have not been able to recover it. This copy is given
+from recitation.
+
+[Footnote A: There is some reason to conjecture, that the revenge of the
+Cameronians, if successful, would have been little less sanguinary than
+that of the royalists. Creichton mentions, that they had erected, in
+their camp, a high pair of gallows, and prepared a quantity of halters,
+to hang such prisoners as might fall into their hands, and he admires
+the forbearance of the king's soldiers, who, when they returned with
+their prisoners, brought them to the very spot where the gallows stood,
+and guarded them there, without offering to hang a single individual.
+Guild, in the _Bellum Bothuellianum_, alludes to the same story, which
+is rendered probable by the character of Hamilton, the insurgent
+general. GUILD'S _MSS._--CREICHTON'S _Memoirs_, p. 61.]
+
+There were two Gordons of Earlstoun, father and son. They were descended
+of an ancient family in the west of Scotland, and their progenitors were
+believed to have been favourers of the reformed doctrine, and possessed
+of a translation of the Bible, as early as the days of Wickliffe.
+William Gordon, the father, was, in 1663, summoned before the privy
+council, for keeping conventicles in his house and woods. By another act
+of council, he was banished out of Scotland; but the sentence was never
+put into execution. In 1667, Earlstoun was turned out of his house,
+which was converted into a garrison for the king's soldiers. He was not
+in the battle of Bothwell Bridge, but was met, hastening towards it, by
+some English dragoons, engaged in the pursuit, already commenced. As
+he refused to surrender, he was instantly slain. WILSON'S _History
+of Bothwell Rising--Life of Gordon of Earlston, in Scottish
+Worthies_--WODROW'S _History,_ Vol. II. The son, Alexander Gordon
+of Earlstoun, I suppose to be the hero of the ballad. He was not a
+Cameronian, but of the more moderate class of presbyterians, whose sole
+object was freedom of conscience, and relief from the oppressive laws
+against non-conformists. He joined the insurgents, shortly after the
+skirmish at Loudoun-hill. He appears to have been active in forwarding
+the supplication sent to the duke of Monmouth. After the battle, he
+escaped discovery, by flying into a house at Hamilton, belonging to one
+of his tenants, and disguising himself in female attire. His person
+was proscribed, and his estate of Earlstoun was bestowed upon Colonel
+Theophilus Ogilthorpe, by the crown, first in security for L.5000,
+and afterwards in perpetuity.--FOUNTAINHALL, p. 390. The same author
+mentions a person tried at the circuit court, July 10, 1683, solely for
+holding intercourse with Earlstoun, an intercommuned (proscribed) rebel.
+As he had been in Holland after the battle of Bothwell, he was probably
+accessory to the scheme of invasion, which the unfortunate earl of
+Argyle was then meditating. He was apprehended upon his return to
+Scotland, tried, convicted of treason, and condemned to die; but his
+fate was postponed by a letter from the king, appointing him to be
+reprieved for a month, that he might, in the interim, be tortured for
+the discovery of his accomplices. The council had the unusual spirit
+to remonstrate against this illegal course of severity. On November
+3, 1653, he received a farther respite, in hopes he would make some
+discovery. When brought to the bar, to be tortured (for the king had
+reiterated his commands), he, through fear or distraction, roared like a
+bull, and laid so stoutly about him, that the hangman and his assistant
+could hardly master him. At last he fell into a swoon, and, on his
+recovery, charged General Dalziel and Drummond (violent tories),
+together with the duke of Hamilton, with being the leaders of the
+fanatics. It was generally thought, that he affected this extravagant
+behaviour, to invalidate all that agony might extort from him concerning
+his real accomplices. He was sent, first, to Edinburgh castle, and,
+afterwards, to a prison upon the Bass island; although the privy council
+more than once deliberated upon appointing his immediate death. On 22d
+August, 1684, Earlstoun was sent for from the Bass, and ordered for
+execution, 4th November, 1684. He endeavoured to prevent his doom by
+escape; but was discovered and taken, after he had gained the roof of
+the prison. The council deliberated, whether, in consideration of this
+attempt, he was not liable to instant execution. Finally, however, they
+were satisfied to imprison him in Blackness castle, where he remained
+till after the Revolution, when he was set at liberty, and his doom of
+forfeiture reversed by act of parliament.--See FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. pp.
+238, 240, 245, 250, 301, 302.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+  "O Billie, billie, bonny billie,
+    "Will ye go to the wood wi' me?
+  "We'll ca' our horse hame masterless,
+    "An' gar them trow slain men are we."
+
+  "O no, O no!" says Earlstoun,
+    "For that's the thing that mauna be;
+  "For I am sworn to Bothwell Hill,
+    "Where I maun either gae or die."
+
+  So Earlstoun rose in the morning,
+    An' mounted by the break o' day;
+  An' he has joined our Scottish lads,
+    As they were marching out the way.
+
+  "Now, farewell father, and farewell mother,
+    "An' fare ye weel my sisters three;
+  "An' fare ye weel my Earlstoun,
+    "For thee again I'll never see!"
+
+  So they're awa' to Bothwell Hill,
+    An waly[A] they rode bonnily!
+  When the duke o' Monmouth saw them comin',
+    He went to view their company.
+
+  "Ye're welcome, lads," then Monmouth said,
+    "Ye're welcome, brave Scots lads, to me;
+  "And sae are ye, brave Earlstoun,
+    "The foremost o' your company!
+
+  "But yield your weapons ane an' a';
+    "O yield your weapons, lads, to me;
+  "For, gin ye'll yield your weapons up,
+    "Ye'se a' gae hame to your country."
+
+  Out up then spak a Lennox lad,
+    And waly but he spak bonnily!
+  "I winna yield my weapons up,
+    "To you nor nae man that I see."
+
+  Then he set up the flag o' red,
+    A' set about wi' bonny blue;
+  "Since ye'll no cease, and be at peace,
+    "See that ye stand by ither true."
+
+  They stell'd[B] their cannons on the height,
+    And showr'd their shot down in the how;[C]
+  An' beat our Scots lads even down,
+    Thick they lay slain on every know.[D]
+
+  As e'er you saw the rain down fa',
+    Or yet the arrow frae the bow,--
+  Sae our Scottish lads fell even down,
+    An' they lay slain on every know.
+
+  "O, hold your hand," then Monmouth cry'd,
+    "Gie quarters to yon men for me!"
+  But wicked Claver'se swore an oath,
+    His cornet's death reveng'd sud be.
+
+  "O hold your hand," then Monmouth cry'd,
+    "If ony thing you'll do for me;
+  "Hold up your hand, you cursed Graeme,
+    "Else a rebel to our king ye'll be."
+
+  Then wicked Claver'se turn'd about,
+    I wot an angry man was he;
+  And he has lifted up his hat,
+    And cry'd, "God bless his majesty!"
+
+  Then he's awa to London town,
+    Ay e'en as fast as he can dree;
+  Fause witnesses he has wi' him ta'en.
+    An' ta'en Monmouth's head f'rae his body.
+
+  Alang the brae, beyond the brig,
+    Mony brave man lies cauld and still;
+  But lang we'll mind, and sair we'll rue,
+    The bloody battle of Bothwell Hill.
+
+[Footnote A: _Waly!_ an interjection.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Stell'd_--Planted.]
+
+[Footnote C: _How_--Hollow.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Know_--Knoll.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+  _Then he set up the flag of red,
+    A' set about wi' bonnie blue._--P. 91. v. 1.
+
+Blue was the favourite colour of the Covenanters; hence the vulgar
+phrase of a true blue whig. Spalding informs us, that when the first
+army of Covenanters entered Aberdeen, few or none "wanted a blue
+ribband; the lord Gordon, and some others of the marquis (of Huntley's)
+family had a ribband, when they were dwelling in the town, of a red
+fresh colour, which they wore in their hats, and called it the _royal
+ribband_, as a sign of their love and loyalty to the king. In despite
+and derision thereof, this blue ribband was worn, and called the
+_Covenanter's ribband_, by the hail soldiers of the army, who would not
+hear of the royal ribband, such was their pride and malice."--Vol. I. p.
+123. After the departure of this first army, the town was occupied by
+the barons of the royal party, till they were once more expelled by the
+Covenanters, who plundered the burgh and country adjacent; "no fowl,
+cock, or hen, left unkilled, the hail house-dogs, messens (i.e.
+lap-dogs), and whelps, within Aberdeen, killed upon the streets; so that
+neither hound, messen, nor other dog, was left alive that they could
+see: the reason was this,--when the first army came here, ilk captain
+and soldier had a blue ribband about his craig (i.e. neck); in despite
+and derision whereof, when they removed from Aberdeen, some women of
+Aberdeen, as was alleged, knit blue ribbands about their messens'
+craigs, whereat their soldiers took offence, and killed all their dogs
+for this very cause."--P. 160.
+
+I have seen one of the ancient banners of the Covenanters: it
+was divided into four copartments, inscribed with the words,
+_Christ--Covenant--King--Kingdom_. Similar standards are mentioned in
+Spalding's curious and minute narrative, Vol. II. pp. 182, 245.
+
+  _Hold up your hand, ye cursed Graeme,
+    Else a rebel to our king ye'll be._--P, 91. v. 5.
+
+It is very extraordinary, that, in April, 1685, Claverhouse was left out
+of the new commission of privy council, as being too favourable to the
+fanatics. The pretence was his having married into the presbyterian
+family of lord Dundonald. An act of council was also past, regulating
+the payment of quarters, which is stated by Fountainhall to have been
+done in _odium_ of Claverhouse, and in order to excite complaints
+against him. This charge, so inconsistent with the nature and conduct of
+Claverhouse, seems to have been the fruit of a quarrel betwixt him and
+the lord high treasurer. FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 360.
+
+That Claverhouse was most unworthily accused of mitigating the
+persecution of the Covenanters, will appear from the following simple,
+but very affecting narrative, extracted from one of the little
+publications which appeared soon after the Revolution, while the
+facts were fresh in the memory of the sufferers. The imitation of the
+scriptural stile produces, in some passages of these works, an effect
+not unlike what we feel in reading the beautiful book of Ruth. It is
+taken from the life of Mr Alexander Peden,[A] printed about 1720.
+
+"In the beginning of May, 1685, he came to the house of John Brown and
+Marion Weir, whom he married before he went to Ireland, where he stayed
+all night; and, in the morning when he took farewell, he came out of the
+door, saying to himself, "Poor woman, a fearful morning," twice over. "A
+dark misty morning!" The next morning, between five and six hours, the
+said John Brown having performed the worship of God in his family, was
+going, with a spade in his hand, to make ready some peat ground: the
+mist being very dark, he knew not until cruel and bloody Claverhouse
+compassed him with three troops of horse, brought him to his house, and
+there examined him; who, though he was a man of a stammering speech, yet
+answered him distinctly and solidly; which made Claverhouse to examine
+those whom he had taken to be his guides through the muirs, if ever they
+heard him preach? They answered, "No, no, he was never a preacher." He
+said, "If he has never preached, meikle he has prayed in his time;" he
+said to John, "Go to your prayers, for you shall immediately die!" When
+he was praying, Claverhouse interrupted him three times; one time, that
+he stopt him, he was pleading that the Lord would spare a remnant, and
+not make a full end in the day of his anger. Claverhouse said, "I gave
+you time to pray, and ye are begun to preach;" he turned about upon
+his knees, and said, "Sir, you know neither the nature of preaching or
+praying, that calls this preaching." Then continued without confusion.
+When ended, Claverhouse said, "Take goodnight of your wife and
+children." His wife, standing by with her child in her arms that she had
+brought forth to him, and another child of his first wife's, he came
+to her, and said, "Now, Marion, the day is come, that I told you would
+come, when I spake first to you of marrying me." She said, "Indeed,
+John, I can willingly part with you."--"Then," he said, "this is all I
+desire, I have no more to do but die." He kissed his wife and bairns,
+and wished purchased and promised blessings to be multiplied upon them,
+and his blessing. Clavers ordered six soldiers to shoot him; the most
+part of the bullets came upon his head, which scattered his brains upon
+the ground. Claverhouse said to his wife, "What thinkest thou of thy
+husband now, woman?" She said, "I thought ever much of him, and now as
+much as ever." He said, "It were justice to lay thee beside him." She
+said, "If ye were permitted, I doubt not but your cruelty would go that
+length; but how will ye make answer for this morning's work?" He said,
+"To man I can be answerable; and for God, I will take him in my own
+hand." Claverhouse mounted his horse, and marched, and left her with the
+corpse of her dead husband lying there; she set the bairn on the ground,
+and gathered his brains, and tied up his head, and straighted his body,
+and covered him in her plaid, and sat down, and wept over him. It being
+a very desart place, where never victual grew, and far from neighbours,
+it was some time before any friends came to her; the first that came was
+a very fit hand, that old singular Christian woman, in the Cummerhead,
+named Elizabeth Menzies, three miles distant, who had been tried with
+the violent death of her husband at Pentland, afterwards of two worthy
+sons, Thomas Weir, who was killed at Drumclog, and David Steel, who was
+suddenly shot afterwards when taken. The said Marion Weir, sitting upon
+her husband's grave, told me, that before that, she could see no blood
+but she was in danger to faint; and yet she was helped to be a witness
+to all this, without either fainting or confusion, except when the shots
+were let off her eyes dazzled. His corpse were buried at the end of his
+house, where he was slain, with this inscription on his grave-stone:--
+
+  In earth's cold bed, the dusty part here lies,
+  Of one who did the earth as dust despise!
+  Here, in this place, from earth he took departure;
+  Now, he has got the garland of the martyrs.
+
+[Footnote A: The enthusiasm of this personage, and of his followers,
+invested him, as has been already noticed, with prophetic powers; but
+hardly any of the stories told of him exceeds that sort of gloomy
+conjecture of misfortune, which the precarious situation of his sect
+so greatly fostered. The following passage relates to the battle
+of Bothwell-bridge:--"That dismal day, 22d of June, 1679, at
+Bothwell-bridge, when the Lord's people fell and fled before the enemy,
+he was forty miles distant, near the border, and kept himself retired
+until the middle of the day, when some friends said to him, 'Sir, the
+people are waiting for sermon,' He answered, 'Let them go to their
+prayers; for me, I neither can nor will preach any this day, for our
+friends are fallen and fled before the enemy, at Hamilton, and they are
+hacking and hewing them down, and their blood is running like water."
+The feats of Peden are thus commemorated by Fountainhall, 27th of March,
+1650: "News came to the privy council, that about one hundred men, well
+armed and appointed, had left Ireland, because of a search there for
+such malcontents, and landed in the west of Scotland, and joined with
+the wild fanatics. The council, finding that they disappointed the
+forces, by skulking from hole to hole, were of opinion, it were better
+to let them gather into a body, and draw to a head, and so they would
+get them altogether in a snare. They had one Mr Peden, a minister, with
+them, and one Isaac, who commanded them. They had frighted most part
+of all the country ministers, so that they durst not stay at their
+churches, but retired to Edinburgh, or to garrison towns; and it was sad
+to see whole shires destitute of preaching, except in burghs. Wherever
+they came they plundered arms, and particularly at my Lord Dumfries's
+house."--FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 359.]
+
+"This murder was committed betwixt six and seven in the morning: Mr
+Peden was about ten or eleven miles distant, having been in the fields
+all night: he came to the house betwixt seven and eight, and desired to
+call in the family, that he might pray amongst them; when praying, he
+said, "Lord, when wilt thou avenge Brown's blood? Oh, let Brown's blood
+be precious in thy sight! and hasten the day when thou wilt avenge it,
+with Cameron's, Cargil's, and many others of our martyrs' names; and oh!
+for that day, when the Lord would avenge all their bloods!" When ended,
+John Muirhead enquired what he meant by Brown's blood? He said twice
+over, "What do I mean? Claverhouse has been at the Preshil this morning,
+and has cruelly murdered John Brown; his corpse are lying at the end of
+his house, and his poor wife sitting weeping by his corpse, and not a
+soul to speak a word comfortably to her."
+
+While we read this dismal story, we must remember Brown's situation
+was that of an avowed and determined rebel, liable as such to military
+execution; so that the atrocity was more that of the times than of
+Claverhouse. That general's gallant adherence to his master, the
+misguided James VII., and his glorious death on the field of victory, at
+Killicrankie, have tended to preserve and gild his memory. He is still
+remembered in the Highlands as the most successful leader of their
+clans. An ancient gentleman, who had borne arms for the cause of Stuart,
+in 1715, told the editor, that, when the armies met on the field of
+battle, at Sheriff-muir, a veteran chief (I think he named Gordon
+of Glenbucket), covered with scars, came up to the earl of Mar, and
+earnestly pressed him to order the Highlanders to charge, before the
+regular army of Argyle had completely formed their line, and at a moment
+when the rapid and furious onset of the clans might have thrown them
+into total disorder. Mar repeatedly answered, it was not yet time; till
+the chieftain turned from him in disdain and despair, and, stamping with
+rage, exclaimed aloud, "O for one hour of Dundee!"
+
+Claverhouse's sword (a strait cut-and-thrust blade) is in the possession
+of Lord Woodhouselee. In Pennycuik-house is preserved the buff-coat,
+which he wore at the battle of Killicrankie. The fatal shot-hole is
+under the arm-pit, so that the ball must have been received while his
+arm was raised to direct the pursuit However he came by his charm of
+_proof_, he certainly had not worn the garment usually supposed to
+confer that privelage, and which is called _the waistcoat of proof, or
+of necessity_. It was thus made: "On Christmas daie, at night, a thread
+must be sponne of flax, by a little virgine girle, in the name of the
+divell: and it must be by her woven, and also wrought with the needle.
+In the breast, or forepart thereof, must be made with needle work, two
+heads; on the head, at the right side, must be a hat and a long beard;
+the left head must have on a crown, and it must be so horrible that it
+maie resemble Belzebub; and on each side of the wastcote must be made a
+crosse."--SCOTT'S _Discoverie of Witchcraft,_ p. 231.
+
+It would be now no difficult matter to bring down our popular poetry,
+connected with history, to the year 1745. But almost all the party
+ballads of that period have been already printed, and ably illustrated
+by Mr Ritson.
+
+
+END OF HISTORICAL BALLADS.
+
+
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH BORDER.
+
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+_ROMANTIC BALLADS._
+
+
+
+SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE,
+
+BY J. LEYDEN.
+
+TO IANTHE.
+
+
+  Again, sweet syren, breathe again
+  That deep, pathetic, powerful strain;
+    Whose melting tones, of tender woe,
+  Fall soft as evening's summer dew,
+  That bathes the pinks and harebells blue,
+    Which in the vales of Tiviot blow.
+
+  Such was the song that soothed to rest.
+  Far in the green isle of the west,
+    The Celtic warrior's parted shade;
+  Such are the lonely sounds that sweep
+  O'er the blue bosom of the deep,
+    Where ship-wrecked mariners are laid.
+
+  Ah! sure, as Hindú legends tell,
+  When music's tones the bosom swell,
+    The scenes of former life return;
+  Ere, sunk beneath the morning star,
+  We left our parent climes afar,
+    Immured in mortal forms to mourn.
+
+  Or if, as ancient sages ween,
+  Departed spirits, half-unseen,
+    Can mingle with the mortal throng;
+  'Tis when from heart to heart we roll
+  The deep-toned music of the soul,
+    That warbles in our Scottish song.
+
+  I hear, I hear, with awful dread,
+  The plaintive music of the dead;
+    They leave the amber fields of day:
+  Soft as the cadence of the wave,
+  That murmurs round the mermaid's grave,
+    They mingle in the magic lay.
+
+  Sweet syren, breathe the powerful strain!
+  _Lochroyan's Damsel_[A] sails the main;
+    The chrystal tower enchanted see!
+  "Now break," she cries, "ye fairy charms!"
+  As round she sails with fond alarms,
+    "Now break, and set my true love free!"
+
+  Lord Barnard is to greenwood gone,
+  Where fair _Gil Morrice_ sits alone,
+    And careless combs his yellow hair;
+  Ah! mourn the youth, untimely slain!
+  The meanest of Lord Barnard's train
+    The hunter's mangled head must bear.
+
+  Or, change these notes of deep despair,
+  For love's more soothing tender air:
+    Sing, how, beneath the greenwood tree,
+  _Brown Adam's_[B] love maintained her truth,
+  Nor would resign the exiled youth
+    For any knight the fair could see.
+
+  And sing _the Hawk of pinion gray_,[C]
+  To southern climes who winged his way,
+    For he could speak as well as fly;
+  Her brethren how the fair beguiled,
+  And on her Scottish lover smiled,
+    As slow she raised her languid eye.
+
+  Fair was her cheek's carnation glow,
+  Like red blood on a wreath of snow;
+    Like evening's dewy star her eye:
+  White as the sea-mew's downy breast,
+  Borne on the surge's foamy crest,
+    Her graceful bosom heaved the sigh.
+
+  In youth's first morn, alert and gay,
+  Ere rolling years had passed away,
+    Remembered like a morning dream,
+  I heard these dulcet measures float,
+  In many a liquid winding note,
+    Along the banks of Teviot's stream.
+
+  Sweet sounds! that oft have soothed to rest
+  The sorrows of my guileless breast,
+    And charmed away mine infant tears:
+  Fond memory shall your strains repeat,
+  Like distant echoes, doubly sweet,
+    That in the wild the traveller hears.
+
+  And thus, the exiled Scotian maid,
+  By fond alluring love betrayed
+    To visit Syria's date-crowned shore;
+  In plaintive strains, that soothed despair,
+  Did "Bothwell's banks that bloom so fair,"
+    And scenes of early youth, deplore.
+
+  Soft syren! whose enchanting strain
+  Floats wildly round my raptured brain,
+    I bid your pleasing haunts adieu!
+  Yet, fabling fancy oft shall lead
+  My footsteps to the silver Tweed,
+    Through scenes that I no more must view.
+
+[Footnote A: _The Lass of Lochroyan_--In this volume.]
+
+[Footnote B: See the ballad, entitled, _Brown Adam._]
+
+[Footnote C: See the _Gay Goss Hawk._]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE.
+
+  _Far in the green isle of the west._--P. 103. v. 2.
+    The _Flathinnis_, or Celtic paradise.
+
+  _Ah! sure, as Hindú legends tell._--P. 104. v. 1.
+
+The effect of music is explained by the Hindús, as recalling to our
+memory the airs of paradise, heard in a state of pre-existence--_Vide_
+Sacontala.
+
+  _Did "Bathwell's banks that bloom so fair."_--P. 106. v. 3.
+
+"So fell it out of late years, that an English gentleman, travelling in
+Palestine, not far from Jerusalem, as he passed through a country town,
+he heard, by chance, a woman sitting at her door, dandling her child, to
+sing, _Bothwel bank thou blumest fair_. The gentleman hereat wondered,
+and forthwith, in English, saluted the woman, who joyfully answered him;
+and said, she was right glad there to see a gentleman of our isle: and
+told him, that she was a Scottish woman, and came first from Scotland to
+Venice, and from Venice thither, where her fortune was to be the wife of
+an officer under the Turk; who being at that instant absent, and very
+soon to return, she entreated the gentleman to stay there until his
+return. The which he did; and she, for country sake, to shew herself the
+more kind and bountiful unto him, told her husband, at his home-coming,
+that the gentleman was her kinsman; whereupon her husband entertained
+him very kindly; and, at his departure gave him divers things of good
+value."--_Verstigan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence._ Chap. _Of
+the Sirnames of our Antient Families._ Antwerp, 1605.
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION TO THE TALE OF TAMLANE.
+
+
+ON THE FAIRIES OF POPULAR SUPERSTITION.
+
+
+  _"Of airy elves, by moon-light shadows seen,
+  The silver token, and the circled green._--POPE.
+
+In a work, avowedly dedicated to the preservation of the poetry and
+tradition of the "olden time," it would be unpardonable to omit this
+opportunity of making some observations upon so interesting an article
+of the popular creed, as that concerning the Elves, or Fairies. The
+general idea of spirits, of a limited power, and subordinate nature,
+dwelling among the woods and mountains, is, perhaps common to all
+nations. But the intermixture of tribes, of languages, and religion,
+which has occurred in Europe, renders it difficult to trace the origin
+of the names which have been bestowed upon such spirits, and the primary
+ideas which were entertained concerning their manners and habits.
+
+The word _elf_, which seems to have been the original name of the
+beings, afterwards denominated fairies, is of Gothic origin, and
+probably signified, simply, a spirit of a lower order. Thus, the Saxons
+had not only _dun-elfen_, _berg-elfen_, and _munt-elfen_, spirits of
+the downs, hills, and mountains; but also _feld-elfen_, _wudu-elfen_,
+_sae-elfen_, and _water-elfen_; spirits of the fields, of the woods,
+of the sea, and of the waters. In low German, the same latitude of
+expression occurs; for night hags are termed _aluinnen_, and _aluen_,
+which is sometimes Latinized _eluoe_. But the prototype of the English
+elf, is to be sought chiefly in the _berg-elfen_, or _duergar_, of the
+Scandinavians. From the most early of the Icelandic Sagas, as well as
+from the Edda itself, we learn the belief of the northern nations in
+a race of dwarfish spirits, inhabiting the rocky mountains, and
+approaching, in some respects, to the human nature. Their attributes,
+amongst which we recognize the features of the modern Fairy, were,
+supernatural wisdom and prescience, and skill in the mechanical arts,
+especially in the fabrication of arms. They are farther described, as
+capricious, vindictive, and easily irritated. The story of the elfin
+sword, _Tyrfing_, may be the most pleasing illustration of this
+position. Suafurlami, a Scandinavian monarch, returning from hunting,
+bewildered himself among the mountains. About sun-set, he beheld a large
+rock, and two dwarfs, sitting before the mouth of a cavern. The king
+drew his sword, and intercepted their retreat, by springing betwixt
+them and their recess, and imposed upon them the following condition of
+safety:--that they should make for him a faulchion, with a baldric and
+scabbard of pure gold, and a blade, which should divide stones and iron
+as a garment, and which should render the wielder ever victorious in
+battle. The elves complied with the requisition, and Suafurlami pursued
+his way home. Returning at the time appointed, the dwarfs delivered to
+him the famous sword _Tyrfing_; then, standing in the entrance of their
+cavern, spoke thus: "This sword, O king, shall "destroy a man every time
+it is brandished; but it shall "perform three atrocious deeds, and it
+shall be thy bane." The king rushed forward with the charmed sword, and
+buried both its edges in the rock; but the dwarfs escaped into their
+recesses.[A] This enchanted sword emitted rays like the sun, dazzling
+all against whom it was brandished; it divided steel like water, and was
+never unsheathed without slaying a man--_Hervarar Saga,_ p. 9. Similar
+to this was the enchanted sword, _Skoffhung_, which was taken by a
+pirate out of the tomb of a Norwegian monarch. Many such tales are
+narrated in the Sagas; but the most distinct account of the _-duergar_,
+or elves, and their attributes, is to be found in a preface of Torfaeus
+to the history of Hrolf Kraka, who cites a dissertation by Einar
+Gudmund, a learned native of Iceland. "I am firmly of opinion," says the
+Icelander, "that these beings are creatures of God, consisting, like
+human beings, of a body and rational soul; that they are of different
+sexes, and capable of producing children, and subject to all human
+affections, as sleeping and waking, laughing and crying, poverty and
+wealth; and that they possess cattle, and other effects, and are
+obnoxious to death, like other mortals." He proceeds to state, that the
+females of this race are capable of procreating with mankind; and gives
+an account of one who bore a child to an inhabitant of Iceland, for whom
+she claimed the privilege of baptism; depositing the infant, for that
+purpose, at the gate of the church-yard, together with a goblet of gold,
+as an offering.--_Historia Hrolfi Krakae, a_ TORFAEO.
+
+[Footnote A: Perhaps in this, and similar tales, we may recognize
+something of real history. That the Fins, or ancient natives of
+Scandinavia, were driven into the mountains, by the invasion of Odin and
+his Asiatics, is sufficiently probable; and there is reason to believe,
+that the aboriginal inhabitants understood, better than the intruders,
+how to manufacture the produce of their own mines. It is therefore
+possible, that, in process of time, the oppressed Fins may have been
+transformed into the supernatural _duergar_. A similar transformation
+has taken place among the vulgar in Scotland, regarding the Picts, or
+Pechs, to whom they ascribe various supernatural attributes.]
+
+Similar to the traditions of the Icelanders, are those current among the
+Laplanders of Finland, concerning a subterranean people, gifted with'
+supernatural qualities, and inhabiting the recesses of the earth.
+Resembling men in their general appearance, the manner of their
+existence, and their habits of life, they far excel the miserable
+Laplanders in perfection of nature, felicity of situation, and skill in
+mechanical arts. From all these advantages, however, after the partial
+conversion of the Laplanders, the subterranean people have derived no
+farther credit, than to be confounded with the devils and magicians of
+the dark ages of Christianity; a degradation which, as will shortly be
+demonstrated, has been also suffered by the harmless Fairies of Albion,
+and indeed by the whole host of deities of learned Greece and mighty
+Rome. The ancient opinions are yet so firmly rooted, that the Laps of
+Finland, at this day, boast of an intercourse with these beings, in
+banquets, dances, and magical ceremonies, and even in the more intimate
+commerce of gallantry. They talk, with triumph, of the feasts which
+they have shared in the elfin caverns, where wine and tobacco, the
+productions of the Fairy region, went round in abundance, and whence
+the mortal guest, after receiving the kindest treatment and the most
+salutary counsel, has been conducted to his tent by an escort of his
+supernatural entertainers.--_Jessens, de Lapponibus._
+
+The superstitions of the islands of Feroe, concerning their
+_Froddenskemen_, or under-ground people, are derived from the _duergar_
+of Scandinavia. These beings are supposed to inhabit the interior
+recesses of mountains, which they enter by invisible passages. Like the
+Fairies, they are supposed to steal human beings. "It happened," says
+Debes, p. 354, "a good while since, when the burghers of Bergen had
+the commerce of Feroe, that there was a man in Servaade, called Jonas
+Soideman, who was kept by spirits in a mountain, during the space of
+seven years, and at length came out; but lived afterwards in great
+distress and fear, lest they should again take him away; wherefore
+people were obliged to watch him in the night." The same author mentions
+another young man, who had been carried away, and, after his return, was
+removed a second time upon the eve of his marriage. He returned in a
+short time, and narrated, that the spirit that had carried him away, was
+in the shape of a most beautiful woman, who pressed him to forsake his
+bride, and remain with her; urging her own superior beauty, and splendid
+appearance. He added, that he saw the men who were employed to search
+for him, and heard them call; but that they could not see him, nor could
+he answer them, till, upon his determined refusal to listen to the
+spirit's persuasions, the spell ceased to operate. The kidney-shaped
+West Indian bean, which is sometimes driven upon the shore of the
+Feroes, is termed, by the natives "the _Fairie's kidney_."
+
+In these traditions of the Gothic and Finnish tribes, we may recognize,
+with certainty, the rudiments of elfin superstition; but we must look to
+various other causes for the modifications which it has undergone. These
+are to be sought, 1st, in the traditions of the east; 2d, in the wreck
+and confusion of the Gothic mythology; 3d, in the tales of chivalry;
+4th, in the fables of classical antiquity; 5th, in the influence of the
+Christian religion; 6th, and finally, in the creative imagination of
+the sixteenth century. It may be proper to notice the effect of these
+various causes, before stating the popular belief of our own time,
+regarding the Fairies.
+
+I. To the traditions of the east, the Fairies of Britain owe, I think,
+little more than the appellation, by which they have been distinguished
+since the days of the crusade. The term "Fairy," occurs not only
+in Chaucer, and in yet older English authors, but also, and more
+frequently, in the romance language; from which they seem to have
+adopted it. Ducange cites the following passage from Gul. Guiart, in
+_Historia Francica_, MS.
+
+  Plusiers parlent de Guenart,
+  Du Lou, de L'Asne, de Renart,
+  De _Faëries_ et de Songes,
+  De phantosmes et de mensonges.
+
+The _Lay le Frain_, enumerating the subjects of the Breton Lays, informs
+us expressly,
+
+  Many ther beth _faëry_.
+
+By some etymologists of that learned class, who not only know whence
+words come, but also whither they are going, the term _Fairy_, or
+_Faërie_, is derived from _Faë_, which is again derived from _Nympha_.
+It is more probable the term is of oriental origin, and is derived from
+the Persic, through the medium of the Arabic. In Persic, the term _Peri_
+expresses a species of imaginary being, which resembles the Fairy in
+some of its qualities, and is one of the fairest creatures of romantic
+fancy. This superstition must have been known to the Arabs, among whom
+the Persian tales, or romances, even as early as the time of Mahomet,
+were so popular, that it required the most terrible denunciations of
+that legislator to proscribe them. Now, in the enunciation of the Arabs,
+the term _Peri_ would sound _Fairy_, the letter _p_ not occurring in
+the alphabet of that nation; and, as the chief intercourse of the early
+crusaders was with the Arabs, or Saracens, it is probable they would
+adopt the term according to their pronounciation. Neither will it be
+considered as an objection to this opinion, that in Hesychius, the
+Ionian term _Phereas_, or _Pheres_, denotes the satyrs of classical
+antiquity, if the number of words of oriental origin in that
+lexicographer be recollected. Of the Persian Peris, Ouseley, in his
+_Persian Miscellanies_, has described some characteristic traits, with
+all the luxuriance of a fancy, impregnated with the oriental association
+of ideas. However vaguely their nature and appearance is described, they
+are uniformly represented as gentle, amiable females, to whose character
+beneficence and beauty are essential. None of them are mischievous or
+malignant; none of them are deformed or diminutive, like the Gothic
+fairy. Though they correspond in beauty with our ideas of angels, their
+employments are dissimilar; and, as they have no place in heaven, their
+abode is different. Neither do they resemble those intelligences, whom,
+on account of their wisdom, the Platonists denominated Daemons; nor
+do they correspond either to the guardian Genii of the Romans, or the
+celestial virgins of paradise, whom the Arabs denominate Houri. But the
+Peris hover in the balmy clouds, live in the colours of the rainbow,
+and, as the exquisite purity of their nature rejects all nourishment
+grosser than the odours of flowers, they subsist by inhaling the
+fragrance of the jessamine and rose. Though their existence is not
+commensurate with the bounds of human life, they are not exempted from
+the common fate of mortals.--With the Peris, in Persian mythology, are
+contrasted the Dives, a race of beings, who differ from them in sex,
+appearance, and disposition. These are represented as of the male sex,
+cruel, wicked, and of the most hideous aspect; or, as they are described
+by Mr Finch, "with ugly shapes, long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair,
+great fangs, ugly paws, long tails, with such horrible difformity and
+deformity, that I wonder the poor women are not frightened therewith."
+Though they live very long, their lives are limited, and they are
+obnoxious to the blows of a human foe. From the malignancy of their
+nature, they not only wage war with mankind, but persecute the Peris
+with unremitting ferocity. Such are the brilliant and fanciful colours
+in which the imaginations of the Persian poets have depicted the
+charming race of the Peris; and, if we consider the romantic gallantry
+of the knights of chivalry, and of the crusaders, it will not appear
+improbable, that their charms might occasionally fascinate the fervid
+imagination of an amorous troubadour. But, further; the intercourse of
+France and Italy with the Moors of Spain, and the prevalence of the
+Arabic, as the language of science in the dark ages, facilitated the
+introduction of their mythology amongst the nations of the west. Hence,
+the romances of France, of Spain, and of Italy, unite in describing the
+Fairy as an inferior spirit, in a beautiful female form, possessing many
+of the amiable qualities of the eastern Peri. Nay, it seems sufficiently
+clear, that the romancers borrowed from the Arabs, not merely the
+general idea concerning those spirits, but even the names of individuals
+amongst them. The Peri, _Mergian Banou_ (see _Herbelot, ap. Peri_),
+celebrated in the ancient Persian poetry, figures in the European
+romances, under the various names of _Mourgue La Faye_, sister to _King
+Arthur; Urgande La Deconnue_, protectress of _Amadis de Gaul_; and the
+_Fata Morgana_ of Boiardo and Ariosto. The description of these nymphs,
+by the troubadours and minstrels, is in no respect inferior to those of
+the Peris. In the tale of _Sir Launfal_, in Way's _Fabliaux_, as well as
+in that of _Sir Gruelan_, in the same interesting collection, the reader
+will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the
+splendour of eastern description. The fairy _Melusina_, also, who
+married Guy de Lusignan, count of Poictou, under condition that he
+should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter
+class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a
+magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted,
+until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by
+concealing himself, to behold his wife make use of her enchanted
+bath. Hardly had _Melusina_ discovered the indiscreet intruder, than,
+transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of
+lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even
+in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her
+descendants, and was heard wailing, as she sailed upon the blast
+round the turrets of the castle of Lusiguan, the night before it was
+demolished. For the full story, the reader may consult the _Bibliotheque
+des Romans_.[A]--Gervase of Tilbury (pp. 895, and 989), assures us,
+that, in his days, the lovers of the Fadae, or Fairies, were numerous;
+and describes the rules of their intercourse with as much accuracy, as
+if he had himself been engaged in such an affair. Sir David Lindsay also
+informs us, that a leopard is the proper armorial bearing of those
+who spring from such intercourse, because that beast is generated by
+adultery of the pard and lioness. He adds, that Merlin, the prophet, was
+the first who adopted this cognizance, because he was "borne of faarie
+in adultre, and right sua the first duk of Guyenne, was borne of a
+_fee_; and, therefoir, the armes of Guyenne are a leopard."--_MS. on
+Heraldry, Advocates' Library,_ w. 4. 13. While, however, the Fairy of
+warmer climes was thus held up as an object of desire and of affection,
+those of Britain, and more especially those of Scotland, were far
+from being so fortunate; but, retaining the unamiable qualities, and
+diminutive size of the Gothic elves, they only exchanged that term for
+the more popular appellation of Fairies.
+
+[Footnote A: Upon this, or some similar tradition, was founded the
+notion, which the inveteracy of national prejudice, so easily diffused
+in Scotland, that the ancestor of the English monarchs, Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, had actually married a daemon. Bowmaker, in order to
+explain the cruelty and ambition of Edward I., dedicates a chapter to
+shew "how the kings of England are descended from the devil, by the
+mother's side."--_Fordun, Chron._ lib. 9, cap. 6. The lord of a certain
+castle, called Espervel, was unfortunate enough to have a wife of the
+same class. Having observed, for several years, that she always left the
+chapel before the mass was concluded, the baron, in a fit of obstinacy
+or curiosity, ordered his guard to detain her by force; of which the
+consequence was, that, unable to support the elevation of the host, she
+retreated through the air, carrying with her one side of the chapel, and
+several of the congregation.]
+
+II. Indeed, so singularly unlucky were the British Fairies that, as has
+already been hinted, amid the wreck of the Gothic mythology, consequent
+upon the introduction of Christianity, they seem to have preserved, with
+difficulty, their own distinct characteristics, while, at the same time,
+they engrossed the mischievous attributes of several other classes of
+subordinate spirits, acknowledged by the nations of the north. The
+abstraction of children, for example, the well known practice of the
+modern Fairy, seems, by the ancient Gothic nations, to have rather been
+ascribed to a species of night-mare, or hag, than to the _berg-elfen_,
+or _duergar_. In the ancient legend of _St Margaret_, of which there is
+a Saxo-Norman copy, in _Hickes' Thesaurus Linguar. Septen._ and one,
+more modern, in the Auchinleck MSS., that lady encounters a fiend, whose
+profession it was, among other malicious tricks, to injure new-born
+children and their mothers; a practice afterwards imputed to the
+Fairies. Gervase of Tilbury, in the _Otia Imperialia_, mentions certain
+hags, or _Lamiae_, who entered into houses in the night-time, to oppress
+the inhabitants, while asleep, injure their persons and property, and
+carry off their children. He likewise mentions the _Dracae_, a sort of
+water spirits, who inveigle women and children into the recesses which
+they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating past them, on the
+surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings, or cups. The women,
+thus seized, are employed as nurses, and, after seven years, are
+permitted to revisit earth. Gervase mentions one woman, in particular,
+who had been allured by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float by her,
+while washing clothes in a river. Being seized as soon as she reached
+the depths, she was conducted into one of these subterranean recesses,
+which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse to one of
+the brood of the hag who had allured her. During her residence in this
+capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an ointment
+of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world, that she
+had acquired the faculty of seeing the _dracae_, when they intermingle
+themselves with men. Of this power she was, however, deprived by the
+touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she had one day incautiously
+addressed. It is a curious fact, that this story, in almost all its
+parts, is current in both the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland, with
+no other variation than the substitution of Fairies for _dracae_, and
+the cavern of a hill for that of a river.[A] These water fiends are thus
+characterized by Heywood, in the _Hierarchie_--
+
+  "Spirits, that have o'er water gouvernement,
+  Are to mankind alike malevolent;
+  They trouble seas, flouds, rivers, brookes, and wels,
+  Meres, lakes, and love to enhabit watry cells;
+  Hence noisome and pestiferous vapours raise;
+  Besides, they men encounter divers ways.
+  At wreckes some present are; another sort,
+  Ready to cramp their joints that swim for sport:
+  One kind of these, the Italians _fatae_ name,
+  _Fee_ the French, we _sybils_, and the same;
+  Others _white nymphs_, and those that have them seen,
+  _Night ladies_ some, of which Habundia queen.
+     _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 507.
+
+[Footnote A: Indeed, many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous
+to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without _saining_
+(blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well
+attested. A poor woman of Tiviotdale, having been fortunate enough, as
+she thought herself, to find a wooden beetle, at the very time when
+she needed such an implement, seized it without pronouncing the proper
+blessing, and, carrying it home, laid it above her bed, to be ready
+for employment in the morning. At midnight, the window of her cottage
+opened, and a loud voice was heard, calling upon some one within, by a
+strange and uncouth name, which I have forgotten. The terrified cottager
+ejaculated a prayer, which, we may suppose, insured her personal
+safety; while the enchanted implement of housewifery, tumbling from the
+bed-stead, departed by the window with no small noise and precipitation.
+In a humorous fugitive tract, the late Dr Johnson is introduced as
+disputing the authenticity of an apparition, merely because the spirit
+assumed the shape of a tea-pot, and of a shoulder of mutton. No doubt,
+a case so much in point, as that we have now quoted, would have removed
+his incredulity.]
+
+The following Frisian superstition, related by Schott, in his _Physica
+Curiosa_, p. 362, on the authority of Cornelius a Kempen, coincides more
+accurately with the popular opinions concerning the Fairies, than even
+the _dracae_ of Gervase, or the water-spirits of Thomas Heywood.--"In
+the time of the emperor Lotharius, in 830," says he, "many spectres
+infested Frieseland, particularly the white nymphs of the ancients,
+which the moderns denominate _witte wiven_, who inhabited a
+subterraneous cavern, formed in a wonderful manner, without human art,
+on the top of a lofty mountain. These were accustomed to surprise
+benighted travellers, shepherds watching their herds and flocks, and
+women newly delivered, with their children; and convey them into their
+caverns, from which subterranean murmurs, the cries of children, the
+groans and lamentations of men, and sometimes imperfect words, and all
+kinds of musical sounds, were heard to proceed." The same superstition
+is detailed by Bekker, in his _World Bewitch'd_, p. 196, of the English
+translation. As the different classes of spirits were gradually
+confounded, the abstraction of children seems to have been chiefly
+ascribed to the elves, or Fairies; yet not so entirely, as to exclude
+hags and witches from the occasional exertion of their ancient
+privilege.--In Germany, the same confusion of classes has not taken
+place. In the beautiful ballads of the _Erl King_, the _Water King_, and
+the _Mer-Maid_, we still recognize the ancient traditions of the Goths,
+concerning the _wald-elven_, and the _dracae_.
+
+A similar superstition, concerning abstraction by daemons, seems, in
+the time of Gervase of Tilbury, to have pervaded the greatest part of
+Europe. "In Catalonia," says that author, "there is a lofty mountain,
+named Cavagum, at the foot of which runs a river with golden sands, in
+the vicinity of which there are likewise mines of silver. This mountain
+is steep, and almost inaccessible. On its top, which is always covered
+with ice and snow, is a black and bottomless lake, into which if a
+stone be thrown, a tempest suddenly rises; and near this lake, though
+invisible to men, is the porch of the palace of daemons. In a town
+adjacent to this mountain, named Junchera, lived one Peter de Cabinam.
+Being one day teazed with the fretfulness of his young daughter, he, in
+his impatience, suddenly wished that the devil might take her; when she
+was immediately borne away by the spirits. About seven years afterwards,
+an inhabitant of the same city, passing by the mountain, met a man, who
+complained bitterly of the burthen he was constantly forced to bear.
+Upon enquiring the cause of his complaining, as he did not seem to carry
+any load, the man related, that he had been unwarily devoted to the
+spirits by an execration, and that they now employed him constantly as
+a vehicle of burthen. As a proof of his assertion, he added, that the
+daughter of his fellow-citizen was detained by the spirits, but that
+they were willing to restore her, if her father would come and demand
+her on the mountain. Peter de Cabinam, on being informed of this,
+ascended the mountain to the lake, and, in the name of God, demanded his
+daughter; when, a tall, thin, withered figure, with wandering eyes, and
+almost bereft of understanding, was wafted to him in a blast of wind.
+After some time, the person, who had been employed as the vehicle of the
+spirits, also returned, when he related where the palace of the spirits
+was situated; but added, that none were permitted to enter but those who
+devoted themselves entirely to the spirits; those, who had been rashly
+committed to the devil by others, being only permitted, during their
+probation, to enter the porch." It may be proper to observe, that the
+superstitious idea, concerning the lake on the top of the mountain, is
+common to almost every high hill in Scotland. Wells, or pits, on the
+top of high hills, were likewise supposed to lead to the subterranean
+habitations of the Fairies. Thus, Gervase relates, (p. 975), "that he
+was informed the swine-herd of William Peverell, an English baron,
+having lost a brood-sow, descended through a deep abyss, in the middle
+of an ancient ruinous castle, situated on the top of a hill, called
+Bech, in search of it. Though a violent wind commonly issued from
+this pit, he found it calm; and pursued his way, till he arrived at a
+subterraneous region, pleasant and cultivated, with reapers cutting down
+corn, though the snow remained on the surface of the ground above. Among
+the ears of corn he discovered his sow, and was permitted to ascend with
+her, and the pigs which she had farrowed." Though the author seems to
+think that the inhabitants of this cave might be Antipodes, yet, as
+many such stories are related of the Fairies, it is probable that this
+narration is of the same kind. Of a similar nature seems to be another
+superstition, mentioned by the same author, concerning the ringing of
+invisible bells, at the hour of one, in a field in the vicinity of
+Carleol, which, as he relates, was denominated _Laikibraine_, or _Lai ki
+brait_. From all these tales, we may perhaps be justified in supposing,
+that the faculties and habits ascribed to the Fairies, by the
+superstition of latter days, comprehended several, originally attributed
+to other classes of inferior spirits.
+
+III. The notions, arising from the spirit of chivalry, combined to add
+to the Fairies certain qualities, less atrocious, indeed, but equally
+formidable, with those which they derived from the last mentioned
+source, and alike inconsistent with the powers of the _duergar_, whom
+we may term their primitive prototype. From an early period, the daring
+temper of the northern tribes urged them to defy even the supernatural
+powers. In the days of Caesar, the Suevi were described, by their
+countrymen, as a people, with whom the immortal gods dared not venture
+to contend. At a later period, the historians of Scandinavia paint their
+heroes and champions, not as bending at the altar of their deities, but
+wandering into remote forests and caverns, descending into the recesses
+of the tomb, and extorting boons, alike from gods and daemons, by dint
+of the sword, and battle-axe. I will not detain the reader by quoting
+instances, in which heaven is thus described as having been literally
+attempted by storm. He may consult Saxo, Olaus Wormius, Olaus Magnus,
+Torfaeus, Bartholin, and other northern antiquaries. With such ideas of
+superior beings, the Normans, Saxons, and other Gothic tribes, brought
+their ardent courage to ferment yet more highly in the genial climes of
+the south, and under the blaze of romantic chivalry. Hence, during the
+dark ages, the invisible world was modelled after the material; and the
+saints, to the protection of whom the knights-errant were accustomed to
+recommend themselves, were accoutered like _preux chevaliers_, by the
+ardent imaginations of their votaries. With such ideas concerning the
+inhabitants of the celestial regions, we ought not to be surprised to
+find the inferior spirits, of a more dubious nature and origin, equipped
+in the same disguise. Gervase of Tilbury (_Otia Imperial, ap. Script,
+rer. Brunsvic,_ Vol. I. p. 797.) relates the following popular story
+concerning a Fairy Knight. "Osbert, a bold and powerful baron, visited
+a noble family in the vicinity of Wandlebury, in the bishopric of Ely.
+Among other stories related in the social circle of his friends, who,
+according to custom, amused each other by repeating ancient tales and
+traditions, he was informed, that if any knight, unattended, entered an
+adjacent plain by moon-light, and challenged an adversary to appear, he
+would be immediately encountered by a spirit in the form of a knight.
+Osbert resolved to make the experiment, and set out, attended by a
+single squire, whom he ordered to remain without the limits of the
+plain, which was surrounded by an ancient entrenchment. On repeating the
+challenge, he was instantly assailed by an adversary, whom he quickly
+unhorsed, and seized the reins of his steed. During this operation, his
+ghostly opponent sprung up, and, darting his spear, like a javelin, at
+Osbert, wounded him in the thigh. Osbert returned in triumph with the
+horse, which he committed to the care of his servants. The horse was of
+a sable colour, as well as his whole accoutrements, and apparently of
+great beauty and vigour. He remained with his keeper till cock-crowing,
+when, with eyes flashing fire, he reared, spurned the ground, and
+vanished. On disarming himself, Osbert perceived that he was wounded,
+and that one of his steel boots was full of blood. Gervase adds,
+that, as long as he lived, the scar of his wound opened afresh on the
+anniversary of the eve on which he encountered the spirit."[A] Less
+fortunate was the gallant Bohemian knight, who, travelling by night,
+with a single companion, came in sight of a fairy host, arrayed under
+displayed banners. Despising the remonstrances of his friend, the knight
+pricked forward to break a lance with a champion who advanced from
+the ranks, apparently in defiance. His companion beheld the Bohemian
+over-thrown horse and man, by his aërial adversary; and, returning to
+the spot next morning, he found the mangled, corpse of the knight and
+steed.--_Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,_ p. 554.
+
+[Footnote A: The unfortunate Chatterton was not, probably, acquainted
+with Gervase of Tilbury; yet he seems to allude, in the _Battle of
+Hastings_, to some modification of Sir Osbert's adventure:
+
+  So who they be that ouphant fairies strike,
+  Their souls shall wander to King Offa's dike.
+
+The entrenchment, which served as lists for the combatants, is said by
+Gervase to have been the work of the pagan invaders of Britain. In the
+metrical romance of _Arthour and Merlin_, we have also an account of
+Wandlesbury being occupied by the Sarasins, i.e. the Saxons; for all
+pagans were Saracens with the romancers. I presume the place to have
+been Wodnesbury, in Wiltshire, situated on the remarkable mound,
+called Wansdike, which is obviously a Saxon work.--GOUGH'S _Cambden's
+Britannia,_ pp. 87--95.]
+
+To the same current of warlike ideas, we may safely attribute the
+long train of military processions which the Fairies are supposed
+occasionally to exhibit. The elves, indeed, seem in this point to be
+identified with the aërial host, termed, during the middle ages, the
+_Milites Herlikini_, or _Herleurini_, celebrated by Pet. Blesensis,
+and termed, in the life of St Thomas of Canterbury, the _Familia
+Helliquinii_. The chief of this band was originally a gallant knight and
+warrior; but, having spent his whole possessions in the service of the
+emperor, and being rewarded with scorn, and abandoned to subordinate
+oppression, he became desperate, and, with his sons and followers,
+formed a band of robbers. After committing many ravages, and defeating
+all the forces sent against him, Hellequin, with his whole troop, fell
+in a bloody engagement with the Imperial host. His former good life was
+supposed to save him from utter reprobation; but he and his followers
+were condemned, after death, to a state of wandering, which should
+endure till the last day. Retaining their military habits, they were
+usually seen in the act of justing together, or in similar warlike
+employments. See the ancient French romance of _Richard sans Peur_.
+Similar to this was the _Nacht Lager_, or midnight camp, which seemed
+nightly to beleaguer the walls of Prague,
+
+  "With ghastly faces thronged, and fiery arms,"
+
+but which disappeared upon recitation of the magical words, _Vezelé,
+Vezelé, ho! ho! ho!_--For similar delusions, see DELRIUS, pp. 294, 295.
+
+The martial spirit of our ancestors led them to defy these aërial
+warriors; and it is still currently believed, that he, who has courage
+to rush upon a fairy festival, and snatch from them their drinking cup,
+or horn, shall find it prove to him a cornucopia of good fortune, if he
+can bear it in safety across a running stream. Such a horn is said to
+have been presented to Henry I. by a lord of Colchester.--GERVAS TILB.
+p. 980. A goblet is still carefully preserved in Edenhall, Cumberland,
+which is supposed to have been seized at a banquet of the elves, by one
+of the ancient family of Musgrave; or, as others say, by one of their
+domestics, in the manner above described. The Fairy train vanished,
+crying aloud,
+
+  If this glass do break or fall,
+  Farewell the luck of Edenhall!
+
+The goblet took a name from the prophecy, under which it is mentioned,
+in the burlesque ballad, commonly attributed to the duke of Wharton, but
+in reality composed by Lloyd, one of his jovial companions. The duke,
+after taking a draught, had nearly terminated the "luck of Edenhall,"
+had not the butler caught the cup in a napkin, as it dropped from his
+grace's hands. I understand it is not now subjected to such risques, but
+the lees of wine are still apparent at the bottom.
+
+  God prosper long, from being broke,
+   The luck of Edenhall.--_Parody on Chevy Chace._
+
+Some faint traces yet remain, on the borders, of a conflict of a
+mysterious and terrible nature, between mortals and the spirits of the
+wilds. This superstition is incidentally alluded to by Jackson, at the
+beginning of the 17th century. The fern seed, which is supposed to
+become visible only on St John's Eve,[A] and at the very moment when
+the Baptist was born, is held by the vulgar to be under the special
+protection of the queen of Faëry. But, as the seed was supposed to have
+the quality of rendering the possessor invisible at pleasure,[B] and to
+be also of sovereign use in charms and incantations, persons of courage,
+addicted to these mysterious arts, were wont to watch in solitude, to
+gather it at the moment when it should become visible. The particular
+charms, by which they fenced themselves during this vigil, are now
+unknown; but it was reckoned a feat of no small danger, as the person
+undertaking it was exposed to the most dreadful assaults from spirits,
+who dreaded the effect of this powerful herb in the hands of a cabalist.
+Such were the shades, which the original superstition, concerning the.
+Fairies, received from the chivalrous sentiments of the middle ages.
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  Ne'er be I found by thee unawed,
+  On that thrice hallowed eve abroad,
+  When goblins haunt, from fire and fen.
+  And wood and lake, the steps of men.
+      COLLINS'S _Ode to Fear._
+
+The whole history of St John the Baptist was, by our ancestors,
+accounted mysterious, and connected with their own superstitions.
+The fairy queen was sometimes identified with Herodias.--DELRII
+_Disquisitiones Magicae,_ pp. 168. 807. It is amusing to observe with
+what gravity the learned Jesuit contends, that it is heresy to believe
+that this celebrated figurante (_saltatricula_) still leads choral
+dances upon earth!]
+
+[Footnote B: This is alluded to by Shakespeare, and other authors of his
+time:
+
+  "We have the receipt of _fern-seed_; we walk invisible."
+      _Henry IV. Part 1st, Act 2d, Sc. 3_.]
+
+IV. An absurd belief in the fables of classical antiquity lent an
+additional feature to the character of the woodland spirits of whom we
+treat. Greece and Rome had not only assigned tutelary deities to each
+province and city, but had peopled, with peculiar spirits, the Seas, the
+Rivers, the Woods, and the Mountains. The memory of the pagan creed was
+not speedily eradicated, in the extensive provinces through which it was
+once universally received; and, in many particulars, it continued long
+to mingle with, and influence, the original superstitions of the Gothic
+nations. Hence, we find the elves occasionally arrayed in the costume of
+Greece and Rome, and the Fairy Queen and her attendants transformed into
+Diana and her nymphs, and invested with their attributes and appropriate
+insignia.--DELRIUS, pp. 168, 807. According to the same author, the
+Fairy Queen was also called _Habundia_. Like Diana, who, in one
+capacity, was denominated _Hecate_, the goddess of enchantment, the
+Fairy Queen is identified in popular tradition, with the _Gyre-Carline,
+Gay Carline_, or mother witch, of the Scottish peasantry. Of this
+personage, as an individual, we have but few notices. She is sometimes
+termed _Nicneven_, and is mentioned in the _Complaynt of Scotland_, by
+Lindsay in his _Dreme_, p. 225, edit. 1590, and in his _Interludes_,
+apud PINKERTON'S _Scottish Poems_, Vol. II. p. 18. But the traditionary
+accounts regarding her are too obscure to admit of explanation. In the
+burlesque fragment subjoined, which is copied from the Bannatyne MS. the
+Gyre Carline is termed the _Queen of Jowis_ (Jovis, or perhaps Jews),
+and is, with great consistency, married to Mohammed.[A]
+
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  In Tyberius tyme, the trew imperatour,
+  Quhen Tynto hills fra skraipiug of toun-henis was keipit,
+  Thair dwelt are grit Gyre Carling in awld Betokis bour,
+  That levit upoun Christiane menis flesche, and rewheids unleipit;
+  Thair wynit ane hir by, on the west syde, callit Blasour,
+  For luve of hir lanchane lippis, he walit and he weipit;
+  He gadderit are menzie of modwartis to warp doun the tour:
+  The Carling with are yren club, quhen yat Blasour sleipit,
+     Behind the heil scho hat him sic ane blaw,
+     Quhil Blasour bled ane quart
+     Off milk pottage inwart,
+     The Carling luche, and lut fart
+       North Berwik Law.
+
+  The king of fary than come, with elfis many ane,
+  And sett are sege, and are salt, with grit pensallis of pryd;
+  And all the doggis fra Dunbar wes thair to Dumblane,
+  With all the tykis of Tervey, come to thame that tyd;
+  Thay quelle doune with thair gonnes mony grit stane,
+  The Carling schup hir on ane sow, and is her gaitis gane,
+  Grunting our the Greik sie, and durst na langer byd,
+  For bruklyng of bargane, and breikhig of browis:
+     The Carling now for dispyte
+     Is maieit with Mahomyte,
+     And will the doggis interdyte,
+       For scho is queue of Jowis.
+
+  Sensyne the cockis of Crawmound crew nevir at day,
+  For dule of that devillisch deme wes with Mahoun mareit,
+  And the henis of Hadingtoun sensyne wald not lay,
+  For this wild wibroun wich thame widlit sa and wareit;
+  And the same North Berwik Law, as I heir wyvis say,
+  This Carling, with a fals east, wald away careit;
+  For to luck on quha sa lykis, na langer scho tareit:
+  All this languor for love before tymes fell,
+     Lang or Betok was born,
+     Scho bred of ane accorne;
+     The laif of the story to morne,
+       To you I sall telle.]
+
+But chiefly in Italy were traced many dim characters of ancient
+mythology, in the creed of tradition. Thus, so lately as 1536, Vulcan,
+with twenty of his Cyclops, is stated to have presented himself suddenly
+to a Spanish merchant, travelling in the night, through the forests of
+Sicily; an apparition, which was followed by a dreadful eruption of
+Mount Aetna.--_Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 504 Of this
+singular mixture, the reader will find a curious specimen in the
+following tale, wherein the Venus of antiquity assumes the manners of
+one of the Fays, or Fatae, of romance. "In the year 1058, a young man
+of noble birth had been married at Rome, and, during the period of his
+nuptial feast, having gone with his companions to play at ball, he put
+his marriage ring on the finger of a broken statue of Venus in the area,
+to remain, while he was engaged in the recreation. Desisting from the
+exercise, he found the finger, on which he had put his ring, contracted
+firmly against the palm, and attempted in vain either to break it, or to
+disengage his ring. He concealed the circumstance from his companions,
+and returned at night with a servant, when he found the finger extended,
+and his ring gone. He dissembled the loss, and returned to his wife;
+but, whenever he attempted to embrace her, he found himself prevented
+by something dark and dense, which was tangible, though not visible,
+interposing between them; and he heard a voice saying, 'Embrace me! for
+I am Venus, whom this day you wedded, and I will not restore your ring.'
+As this was constantly repeated, he consulted his relations, who had
+recourse to Palumbus, a priest, skilled in necromancy. He directed the
+young man to go, at a certain hour of night, to a spot among the ruins
+of ancient Rome, where four roads met, and wait silently till he saw a
+company pass by, and then, without uttering a word, to deliver a letter,
+which he gave him, to a majestic being, who rode in a chariot, after the
+rest of the company. The young man did as he was directed; and saw a
+company of all ages, sexes, and ranks, on horse and on foot, some joyful
+and others sad, pass along; among whom he distinguished a woman in a
+meretricious dress, who, from the tenuity of her garments, seemed
+almost naked. She rode on a mule; her long hair, which flowed over her
+shoulders, was bound with a golden fillet; and in her hand was a golden
+rod, with which she directed her mule. In the close of the procession,
+a tall majestic figure appeared in a chariot, adorned with emeralds
+and pearls, who fiercely asked the young man, 'What he did there?' He
+presented the letter in silence, which the daemon dared not refuse.
+As soon as he had read, lifting up his hands to heaven, he exclaimed,
+'Almighty God! how long wilt thou endure the iniquities of the sorcerer
+Palumbus!' and immediately dispatched some of his attendants, who, with
+much difficulty, extorted the ring from Venus, and restored it to
+its owner, whose infernal banns were thus dissolved."--FORDUNI
+_Scotichronicon,_ Vol. I. p. 407, _cura_ GOODALL.
+
+But it is rather in the classical character of an infernal deity, that
+the elfin queen may be considered, than as _Hecate_, the patroness of
+magic; for not only in the romance writers, but even in Chaucer, are the
+Fairies identified with the ancient inhabitants of the classical hell.
+Thus Chaucer, in his _Marchand's Tale_, mentions
+
+  Pluto that is king of fayrie--and
+  Proserpine and all her fayrie.
+
+In the _Golden Terge_ of Dunbar, the same phraseology is adopted: Thus,
+
+  Thair was Pluto that elricke incubus
+  In cloke of grene, his court usit in sable.
+
+Even so late as 1602, in Harsenet's _Declaration of Popish Imposture,_
+p. 57, Mercury is called _Prince of the Fairies._
+
+But Chaucer, and those poets who have adopted his phraseology, have only
+followed the romance writers; for the same substitution occurs in the
+romance of _Orfeo and Heurodis_, in which the story of Orpheus and
+Eurydice is transformed into a beautiful romantic tale of faëry, and
+the Gothic mythology engrafted on the fables of Greece. _Heurodis_ is
+represented as wife of _Orfeo_, and queen of Winchester, the ancient
+name of which city the romancer, with unparalleled ingenuity, discovers
+to have been Traciens, or Thrace. The monarch, her husband, had a
+singular genealogy:
+
+  His fader was comen of King Pluto,
+  And his moder of King Juno;
+  That sum time were as godes y-holde,
+  For aventours that thai dede and tolde.
+
+Reposing, unwarily, at noon, under the shade of an ymp tree,[A]
+_Heurodis_ dreams that she is accosted by the King of Fairies,
+
+  With an hundred knights and mo,
+  And damisels an hundred also,
+  Al on snowe white stedes;
+  As white as milke were her wedes;
+  Y no seigh never yete bifore,
+  So fair creatours y-core:
+  The kinge hadde a croun on hed,
+  It nas of silver, no of golde red,
+  Ac it was of a precious ston:
+  As bright as the sonne it schon.
+
+[Footnote A: _Ymp tree_--According to the general acceptation, this only
+signifies a grafted tree; whether it should he here understood to mean a
+tree consecrated to the imps, or fairies, is left with the reader.]
+
+The King of Fairies, who had obtained power over the queen, perhaps from
+her sleeping at noon in his domain, orders her, under the penalty of
+being torn to pieces, to await him to-morrow under the ymp tree, and
+accompany him to Fairy-Land. She relates her dream to her husband, who
+resolves to accompany her, and attempt her rescue:
+
+  A morwe the under tide is come,
+  And Orfeo hath his armes y-nome,
+  And wele ten hundred knights with him,
+  Ich y-armed stout and grim;
+  And with the quen wenten he,
+  Right upon that ympe tre.
+  Thai made scheltrom in iche aside,
+  And sayd thai wold there abide,
+  And dye ther everichon,
+  Er the qeun schuld fram hem gon:
+  Ac yete amiddes hem ful right,
+  The quen was oway y-twight,
+  With Fairi forth y-nome,
+  Men wizt never wher sche was become.
+
+After this fatal catastrophe, _Orfeo_, distracted for the loss of
+his queen, abandons his throne, and, with his harp, retires into a
+wilderness, where he subjects himself to every kind of austerity, and
+attracts the wild beasts by the pathetic melody of his harp. His state
+of desolation is poetically described:
+
+  He that werd the fowe and griis,
+  And on bed the purpur biis,
+  Now on bard hethe he lith.
+  With leves and gresse he him writh:
+  He that had castells and tours,
+  Rivers, forests, frith with flowrs.
+  Now thei it commence to snewe and freze,
+  This king mot make his bed in mese:
+  He that had y-had knightes of priis,
+  Bifore him kneland and leuedis,
+  Now seth he no thing that him liketh,
+  Bot wild wormes bi him striketh:
+  He that had y-had plente
+  Of mete and drinke, of ich deynte,
+  Now may he al daye digge and wrote,
+  Er he find his fille of rote.
+  In sorner he liveth bi wild fruit,
+  And verien hot gode lite.
+  In winter may he no thing find,
+  Bot rotes, grases, and the rinde.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  His here of his herd blac and rowe,
+  To his girdel stede was growe;
+  His harp, whereon was al his gle,
+  He hidde in are holwe tre:
+  And, when the weder was clere and bright,
+  He toke his harpe to him wel right,
+  And harped at his owen will,
+  Into al the wode the soun gan shill,
+  That al the wild bestes that ther beth
+  For joie abouten him thai teth;
+  And al the foules that ther wer,
+  Come and sete on ich a brere,
+  To here his harping a fine,
+  So miche melody was therein.
+
+At last he discovers, that he is not the sole inhabitant of this desart;
+for
+
+  He might se him besides
+  Oft in hot undertides,
+  The king of Fairi, with his route,
+  Come to hunt him al about,
+  With dim cri and bloweing,
+  And houndes also with him berking;
+  Ac no best thai no nome,
+  No never he nist whider thai bi come.
+  And other while he might hem se
+  As a gret ost bi him te,
+  Well atourued ten hundred knightes,
+  Ich y-armed to his rightes,
+  Of cuntenance stout and fers,
+  With mani desplaid baners;
+  And ich his sword y-drawe hold,
+  Ac never he nist whider thai wold.
+  And otherwhile he seighe other thing;
+  Knightis and lenedis com daunceing,
+  In queynt atire gisely,
+  Queyete pas and softlie:
+  Tabours and trumpes gede hem bi,
+  And al mauer menstraci.--
+  And on a day he seighe him biside,
+  Sexti leuedis on hors ride,
+  Gentil and jolif as brid on ris;
+  Nought o man amonges hem ther nis;
+  And ich a faucoun on bond bere,
+  And riden on hauken bi o river.
+  Of game thai found wel gode haunt,
+  Maulardes, hayroun, and cormoraunt;
+  The foules of the water ariseth,
+  Ich faucoun hem wele deviseth,
+  Ich fancoun his pray slough,
+  That seize Orfeo and lough.
+  "Par fay," quoth he, "there is fair game,
+  "Hider Ichil bi Godes name,
+  "Ich was y won swich work to se:"
+  He aros, and thider gan te;
+  To a leuedie hi was y-come,
+  Bihelde, and hath wel under nome,
+  And seth, bi al thing, that is
+  His owen quen, dam Heurodis;
+  Gern hi biheld her, and sche him eke,
+  Ac nouther to other a word no speke:
+  For messais that sche on him seighe,
+  That had ben so riche and so heighe,
+  The teres fel out of her eighe;
+  The other leuedis this y seighe,
+  And maked hir oway to ride,
+  Sche most with him no longer obide.
+  "Allas!" quoth he, "nowe is mi woe,
+  "Whi nil deth now me slo;
+  "Allas! to long last mi liif,
+  "When y no dare nought with mi wif,
+  "Nor hye to me o word speke;
+  "Allas whi nil miin hert breke!
+  "Par fay," quoth he, "tide what betide,
+  "Whider so this leuedis ride,
+  "The selve way Ichil streche;
+  "Of liif, no dethe, me no reche.
+
+In consequence, therefore, of this discovery _Orfeo_ pursues the hawking
+damsels, among whom he has descried his lost queen. They enter a rock,
+the king continues the pursuit, and arrives at Fairy-Land, of which the
+following very poetical description is given:
+
+  In at roche the leuedis rideth,
+  And he after and nought abideth;
+  When he was in the roche y-go,
+  Wele thre mile other mo,
+  He com into a fair cuntray,
+  As bright soonne somers day,
+  Smothe and plain and al grene,
+  Hill no dale nas none ysene,
+  Amiddle the loud a castel he seighe,
+  Rich and reale and wonder heighe;
+  Al the utmast wal
+  Was cler and schine of cristal;
+  An hundred tours ther were about,
+  Degiselich and bataild stout;
+  The butrass come out of the diche,
+  Of rede gold y-arched riche;
+  The bousour was anowed al,
+  Of ich maner deuers animal;
+  Within ther wer wide wones
+  Al of precious stones,
+  The werss piler onto biholde,
+  Was al of burnist gold:
+  Al that loud was ever light,
+  For when it schuld be therk and night,
+  The riche stonnes light gonne,
+  Bright as doth at nonne the sonne
+  No man may tel, no thenke in thought.
+  The riche werk that ther was rought.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Than he gan biholde about al,
+  And seighe ful liggeand with in the wal,
+  Of folk that wer thidder y-brought,
+  And thought dede and nere nought;
+  Sum stode with outen hadde;
+  And some none armes nade;
+  And sum thurch the bodi hadde wounde;
+  And sum lay wode y-bounde;
+  And sum armed on hors sete;
+  And sum astrangled as thai ete;
+  And sum war in water adreynt;
+  And sum with fire al for schreynt;
+  Wives ther lay on childe bedde;
+  Sum dede, and sum awedde;
+  And wonder fere ther lay besides,
+  Right as thai slepe her undertides;
+  Eche was thus in this warld y-nome,
+  With fairi thider y-come.[A]
+  There he seize his owhen wiif,
+  Dame Heurodis, his liif liif,
+  Slepe under an ympe tree:
+  Bi her clothes he knewe that it was he,
+    And when he had bihold this mervalis alle,
+  He went into the kinges halle;
+  Then seigh he there a semly sight,
+  A tabernacle blisseful and bright;
+  Ther in her maister king sete,
+  And her quen fair and swete;
+  Her crounes, her clothes schine so bright,
+  That unnethe bihold he hem might.
+      _Orfeo and Heurodis, MS._
+
+[Footnote A: It was perhaps from such a description that Ariosto adopted
+his idea of the Lunar Paradise, containing every thing that on earth was
+stolen or lost.]
+
+_Orfeo_, as a minstrel, so charms the Fairy King with the music of
+his harp, that he promises to grant him whatever he should ask. He
+immediately demands his lost _Heurodis_; and, returning safely with
+her to Winchester, resumes his authority; a catastrophe, less pathetic
+indeed, but more pleasing, than that of the classical story. The
+circumstances, mentioned in this romantic legend, correspond very
+exactly with popular tradition. Almost all the writers on daemonology
+mention, as a received opinion that the power of the daemons is most
+predominant at noon and midnight. The entrance to the Land of Faëry is
+placed in the wilderness; a circumstance, which coincides with a passage
+in Lindsay's _Complaint of the Papingo:_
+
+  Bot sen my spreit mon from my bodye go,
+  I recommend it to the queue of Fary,
+  Eternally into her court to tarry
+  In _wilderness_ amang the holtis hair.
+      LINDSAY'S _Works_, 1592, p. 222.
+
+Chaucer also agrees, in this particular, with our romancer:
+
+  In his sadel he clombe anon,
+  And priked over stile and ston,
+   An elf quene for to espie;
+  Til he so long had riden and gone
+  That he fond in a privie wone
+   The countree of Faërie.
+
+  Wherein he soughte north and south,
+  And often spired with his mouth,
+   In many a foreste wilde;
+  For in that countree nas ther non,
+  That to him dorst ride or gon,
+   Neither wif ne childe.
+      _Rime of Sir Thopas._
+
+V. Other two causes, deeply affecting the superstition of which we
+treat, remain yet to be noticed. The first is derived from the Christian
+religion, which admits only of two classes of spirits, exclusive of the
+souls of men--Angels, namely, and Devils. This doctrine had a necessary
+tendency to abolish the distinction among subordinate spirits, which had
+been introduced by the superstitions of the Scandinavians. The existence
+of the Fairies was readily admitted; but, as they had no pretensions to
+the angelic character, they were deemed to be of infernal origin. The
+union, also, which had been formed betwixt the elves and the Pagan
+deities, was probably of disservice to the former; since every one
+knows, that the whole synod of Olympus were accounted daemons.
+
+The fulminations of the church were, therefore, early directed against
+those, who consulted or consorted with the Fairies; and, according to
+the inquisitorial logic, the innocuous choristers of Oberon and Titania
+were, without remorse, confounded with the sable inhabitants of the
+orthodox Gehennim; while the rings, which marked their revels, were
+assimilated to the blasted sward on which the witches held their
+infernal sabbath.--_Delrii Disq. Mag._ p. 179. This transformation early
+took place; for, among the many crimes for which the famous Joan of Arc
+was called upon to answer, it was not the least heinous, that she
+had frequented the Tree and Fountain, near Dompré, which formed the
+rendezvous of the Fairies, and bore their name; that she had joined in
+the festive dance with the elves, who haunted this charmed spot; had
+accepted of their magical bouquets, and availed herself of their
+talismans, for the delivery of her country.--_Vide Acta Judiciaria
+contra Johannam D'Arceam, vulgo vocutam Johanne la Pucelle._
+
+The Reformation swept away many of the corruptions of the church of
+Rome; but the purifying torrent remained itself somewhat tinctured by
+the superstitious impurities of the soil over which it had passed. The
+trials of sorcerers and witches, which disgrace our criminal records,
+become even more frequent after the Reformation of the church; as if
+human credulity, no longer amused by the miracles of Rome, had sought
+for food in the traditionary records of popular superstition. A Judaical
+observation of the precepts of the Old Testament also characterized the
+Presbyterian reformers. _"Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,"_ was
+a text, which at once (as they conceived) authorized their belief in
+sorcery, and sanctioned the penalty which they denounced against it. The
+Fairies were, therefore, in no better credit after the Reformation than
+before, being still regarded as actual daemons, or something very little
+better. A famous divine, Doctor Jasper Brokeman, teaches us, in his
+system of divinity, "that they inhabit in those places that are polluted
+with any crying sin, as effusion of blood, or where unbelief or
+superstitione have gotten the upper hand."--_Description of Feroe._ The
+Fairies being on such bad terms with the divines, those, who pretended
+to intercourse with them, were, without scruple, punished as sorcerers;
+and such absurd charges are frequently stated as exaggerations of
+crimes, in themselves sufficiently heinous.
+
+Such is the case in the trial of the noted Major Weir, and his sister;
+where the following mummery interlards a criminal indictment, too
+infamously flagitious to be farther detailed: "9th April, 1670. Jean
+Weir, indicted of sorceries, committed by her when she lived and kept a
+school at Dalkeith: that she took employment from a woman, to speak in
+her behalf to the _Queen of Fairii, meaning the Devil_; and that another
+woman gave her a piece of a tree, or root, the next day, and did tell
+her, that as long as she kept the same, she should be able to do what
+she pleased; and that same woman, from whom she got the tree, caused her
+spread a cloth before her door, and set her foot upon it, and to repeat
+thrice, in the posture foresaid, these words, _'All her losses and
+crosses go alongst to the doors,'_ which was truly a consulting with the
+devil, and an act of sorcery, &c. That after the spirit, in the shape of
+a woman, who gave her the piece of tree, had removed, she, addressing
+herself to spinning, and having spun but a short time, found more
+yarn upon the pirn than could possibly have come there by good
+means."[A]--_Books of Adjournal._
+
+[Footnote A: It is observed in the record, that Major Weir, a man of
+the most vicious character, was at the same time ambitious of appearing
+eminently godly; and used to frequent the beds of sick persons, to
+assist them with his prayers. On such occasions, he put to his mouth
+a long staff, which he usually carried, and expressed himself with
+uncommon energy and fluency, of which he was utterly incapable when the
+inspiring rod was withdrawn. This circumstance, the result, probably, of
+a trick or habit, appearing suspicious to the judges, the staff of the
+sorcerer was burned along with his person. One hundred and thirty years
+have elapsed since his execution, yet no one has, during that space,
+ventured to inhabit the house of this celebrated criminal.]
+
+Neither was the judgment of the criminal court of Scotland less severe
+against another familiar of the Fairies, whose supposed correspondence
+with the court of Elfland seems to have constituted the sole crime, for
+which she was burned alive. Her name was Alison Pearson, and she seems
+to have been a very noted person. In a bitter satire against Adamson,
+Bishop of St Andrews, he is accused of consulting with sorcerers,
+particularly with this very woman; and an account is given of her
+travelling through Breadalbane, in the company of the Queen of Faëry,
+and of her descrying, in the court of Elfland, many persons, who had
+been supposed at rest in the peaceful grave.[A] Among these we find two
+remarkable personages; the secretary, young Maitland of Lethington, and
+one of the old lairds of Buccleuch. The cause of their being stationed
+in Elfland probably arose from the manner of their decease; which, being
+uncommon and violent, caused the vulgar to suppose that they had been
+abstracted by the Fairies. Lethington, as is generally supposed, died a
+Roman death during his imprisonment in Leith; and the Buccleuch, whom I
+believe to be here meant, was slain in a nocturnal scuffle by the Kerrs,
+his hereditary enemies. Besides, they were both attached to the cause
+of Queen Mary, and to the ancient religion; and were thence, probably,
+considered as more immediately obnoxious to the assaults of the powers
+of darkness.[B] The indictment of Alison Pearson notices her intercourse
+with the Archbishop of St Andrews, and contains some particulars, worthy
+of notice, regarding the court of Elfland. It runs thus: "28th May,
+1586. Alison Pearson, in Byrehill, convicted of witchcraft, and of
+consulting with evil spirits, in the form of one Mr William Simpsone,
+her cosin, who she affirmed was a gritt schollar, and doctor of
+medicine, that healed her of her diseases when she was twelve years of
+age; having lost the power of her syde, and having a familiaritie with
+him for divers years, dealing with charms, and abuseing the common
+people by her arts of witchcraft, thir divers years by-past.
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  For oght the kirk culd him forbid,
+  He sped him sone, and gat the thrid;
+  Ane carling of the quene of Phareis,
+  That ewill win geir to elpliyne careis;
+  Through all Brade Abane scho has bene,
+  On horsbak on Hallow ewin;
+  And ay in seiking certayne nightis,
+  As scho sayis with sur silly wychirs:
+  And names out nybours sex or sewin,
+  That we belevit had bene in heawin;
+  Scho said scho saw theme weill aneugh,
+  And speciallie gude auld Balcleuch,
+  The secretar, and sundrie uther:
+  Ane William Symsone, her mother brother,
+  Whom fra scho has resavit a buike
+  For ony herb scho likes to luke;
+  It will instruct her how to tak it,
+  In saws and sillubs how to mak it;
+  With stones that meikle mair can doe,
+  In leich craft, where scho lays them toe:
+  A thousand maladeis scho hes mendit;
+  Now being tane, and apprehendit,
+  Scho being in the bischopis cure,
+  And keipit in his castle sure,
+  Without respect of worldlie glamer,
+  He past into the witches chalmer.
+      _Scottish Poems of XVI. Century,_ Edin. 1801,
+      Vol. II, p. 320.]
+
+[Footnote B: Buccleuch was a violent enemy to the English, by whom his
+lands had been repeatedly plundered (See _Introduction,_ p. xxvi), and
+a great advocate for the marriage betwixt Mary and the dauphin, 1549.
+According to John Knox, he had recourse even to threats, in urging the
+parliament to agree to the French match. "The laird of Buccleuch," says
+the Reformer, "a bloody man, with many Gods wounds, swore, they that
+would not consent should do worse."]
+
+"_Item,_ For banting and repairing with the gude neighbours, and queene
+of Elfland, thir divers years by-past, as she had confest; and that she
+had friends in that court, which were of her own blude, who had gude
+acquaintance of the queene of Elfland, which might have helped her; but
+she was whiles well, and whiles ill, sometimes with them, a'nd other
+times away frae them; and that she would be in her bed haille and feire,
+and would not wytt where she would be the morn; and that she saw not the
+queene this seven years, and that she was seven years ill handled in the
+court of Elfland; that, however, she kad gude friends there, and that
+it was the gude neighbours that healed her, under God; and that she was
+comeing and going to St Andrews to haile folkes thir many years past.
+
+"_Item,_ Convict of the said act of witchcraft, in as far as she confest
+that the said Mr William Sympsoune, who was her guidsir sone, born in
+Stirleing, who was the king's smith, who, when about eight years of age,
+was taken away by ane Egyptian to Egypt; which Egyptian was a gyant,
+where he remained twelve years, "and then came home.
+
+"_Item,_ That she being in Grange Muir, with some other folke, she,
+being sick, lay downe; and, when alone, there came a man to her, clad in
+green, who said to her, if she would be faithful, he would do her good;
+but she, being feared, cried out, but naebodye came to her; so she said,
+if he came in God's name, and for the gude of her saule, it was well;
+but he gaid away: that he appeared to her another tyme like a lustie
+man, and many men and women with him; that, at seeing him, she signed
+herself and prayed, and past with them, and saw them making merrie with
+pypes, and gude cheir and wine, and that she was carried with them; and
+that when she telled any of these things, she was sairlie tormentit by
+them; and that the first time she gaed with them, she gat a sair straike
+frae one of them, which took all the _poustie_[A] of her syde frae her,
+and left ane ill-far'd mark on her syde.
+
+"_Item,_ That she saw the gude neighbours make their sawes[B] with panns
+and fyres, and that they gathered the herbs before the sun was up, and
+they came verie fearful sometimes to her, and flaide[C] her very sair,
+which made her cry, and threatened they would use her worse than before;
+and, at last, they took away the power of her haile syde frae her, which
+made her lye many weeks. Sometimes they would come and sitt by her, and
+promise all that she should never want if she would be faithful, but if
+she would speak and telle of them, they should murther her; and that Mr
+William Sympsoune is with them, who healed her, and telt her all things;
+that he is a young man not six years older than herself, and that he
+will appear to her before the court comes; that he told her he was taken
+away by them, and he bidd her sign herself that she be not taken away,
+for the teind of them are tane to hell everie year.
+
+[Footnote A: _Poustie_--Power.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Sawes_--Salves.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Flaide_--Scared.]
+
+"_Item,_ That the said Mr William told her what herbs were fit to cure
+every disease, and how to use them; and particularlie tauld, that the
+Bishop of St Andrews laboured under sindrie diseases, sic as the riples,
+trembling, feaver, flux, &c. and bade her make a sawe, and anoint
+several parts of his body therewith, and gave directions for making a
+posset, which she made and gave him."
+
+For this idle story the poor woman actually suffered death. Yet,
+notwithstanding the fervent arguments thus liberally used by the
+orthodox, the common people, though they dreaded even to think or speak
+about the Fairies, by no means unanimously acquiesced in the doctrine,
+which consigned them to eternal perdition. The inhabitants of the Isle
+of Man call them the "_good people_, and say they live in wilds, and
+forests, and on mountains, and shun great cities, because of the
+wickedness acted therein: all the houses are blessed where they visit,
+for they fly vice. A person would be thought impudently prophane who
+should suffer his family to go to bed, without having first set a tub,
+or pail, full of clean water, for those guests to bathe themselves in,
+which the natives aver they constantly do, as soon as ever the eyes of
+the family are closed, wherever they vouchsafe to come."--WALDREN's
+_Works_, p. 126. There are some curious, and perhaps anomalous facts,
+concerning the history of Fairies, in a sort of Cock-lane narrative,
+contained in a letter from Moses Pitt, to Dr Edward Fowler, Lord Bishop
+of Gloucester, printed at London in 1696, and preserved in Morgan's
+_Phoenix Britannicus,_ 4to, London 1732.
+
+Anne Jefferies was born in the parish of St Teath, in the county of
+Cornwall, in 1626. Being the daughter of a poor man, she resided as
+servant in the house of the narrator's father, and waited upon the
+narrator himself, in his childhood. As she was knitting stockings in an
+arbour of the garden, "six small people, all in green clothes," came
+suddenly over the garden wall; at the sight of whom, being much
+frightened, she was seized with convulsions, and continued so long sick,
+that she became as a changeling, and was unable to walk. During her
+sickness, she frequently exclaimed, "They are just gone out of the
+window! they are just gone out of the window! do you not see them?"
+These expressions, as she afterwards declared, related to their
+disappearing. During the harvest, when every one was employed, her
+mistress walked out; and dreading that Anne, who was extremely weak
+and silly, might injure herself, or the house, by the fire, with some
+difficulty persuaded her to walk in the orchard till her return. She
+accidentally hurt her leg, and, at her return, Anne cured it, by
+stroking it with her hand. She appeared to be informed of every
+particular, and asserted, that she had this information from the
+Fairies, who had caused the misfortune. After this, she performed
+numerous cures, but would never receive money for them. From harvest
+time to Christmas, she was fed by the Fairies, and eat no other victuals
+but theirs. The narrator affirms, that, looking one day through the
+key-hole of the door of her chamber, he saw her eating; and that she
+gave him a piece of bread, which was the most delicious he ever tasted.
+The Fairies always appeared to her in even numbers; never less than two,
+nor more than eight, at a time. She had always a sufficient stock of
+salves and medicines, and yet neither made, nor purchased any; nor did
+she ever appear to be in want of money. She, one day, gave a silver cup,
+containing about a quart, to the daughter of her mistress, a girl about
+four years old, to carry to her mother, who refused to receive it. The
+narrator adds, that he had seen her dancing in the orchard among the
+trees, and that she informed him she was then dancing with the Fairies.
+The report of the strange cures which she performed, soon attracted the
+attention of both ministers and magistrates. The ministers endeavoured
+to persuade her, that the Fairies by which she was haunted, were evil
+spirits, and that she was under the delusion of the devil. After they
+had left her, she was visited by the Fairies, while in great perplexity;
+who desired her to cause those, who termed them evil spirits, to
+read that place of scripture, _First Epistle of John,_, chap. iv. v.
+1,--_Dearly beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits,
+whether they are of God,_ &c. Though Anne Jefferies could not read, she
+produced a Bible folded down at this passage. By the magistrates she was
+confined three months, without food, in Bodmin jail, and afterwards
+for some time in the house of Justice Tregeagle. Before the constable
+appeared to apprehend her, she was visited by the Fairies, who informed
+her what was intended, and advised her to go with him. When this account
+was given, on May 1, 1696, she was still alive; but refused to relate
+any particulars of her connection with the Fairies, or the occasion on
+which they deserted her, lest she should again fall under the cognizance
+of the magistrates.
+
+Anne Jefferies' Fairies were not altogether singular in maintaining
+their good character, in opposition to the received opinion of the
+church. Aubrey and Lily, unquestionably judges in such matters, had
+a high opinion of these beings, if we may judge from the following
+succinct and business-like memorandum of a ghost-seer. "Anno 1670. Not
+far from Cirencester was an apparition. Being demanded whether a good
+spirit or a bad, returned no answer, but disappeared with a curious
+perfume, and most melodious twang. M.W. Lilly believes it was a Fairie.
+So Propertius,
+
+  Omnia finierat; tenues secessit in auras,
+  Mansit odor possis scire fuisse Deam!"
+      AUBREY'S _Miscellanies,_ p. 80.
+
+A rustic, also, whom Jackson taxed with magical practices, about 1620,
+obstinately denied that the good King of the Fairies had any connection
+with the devil; and some of the Highland seers, even in our day,
+have boasted of their intimacy with the elves, as an innocent and
+advantageous connection. One Maccoan, in Appin, the last person
+eminently gifted with the second sight, professed to my learned and
+excellent friend, Mr Ramsay, of Ochtertyre, that he owed his prophetic
+visions to their intervention.
+
+VI. There remains yet another cause to be noticed, which seems to have
+induced a considerable alteration into the popular creed of England,
+respecting Fairies. Many poets of the sixteenth century, and, above all,
+our immortal Shakespeare, deserting the hackneyed fictions of Greece and
+Rome, sought for machinery in the superstitions of their native country.
+"The fays, which nightly dance upon the wold," were an interesting
+subject; and the creative imagination of the bard, improving upon the
+vulgar belief, assigned to them many of those fanciful attributes and
+occupations, which posterity have since associated with the name
+of Fairy. In such employments, as rearing the drooping flower, and
+arranging the disordered chamber, the Fairies of South Britain gradually
+lost the harsher character of the dwarfs, or elves. Their choral dances
+were enlivened by the introduction of the merry goblin _Puck_,[A]
+for whose freakish pranks they exchanged their original mischievous
+propensities. The Fairies of Shakespeare, Drayton, and Mennis,
+therefore, at first exquisite fancy portraits, may be considered as
+having finally operated a change in the original which gave them
+birth.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin, possesses the frolicksome
+qualities of the French _Lutin_. For his full character, the reader is
+referred to the _Reliques of Ancient Poetry_. The proper livery of this
+sylvan Momus is to be found in an old play. "Enter Robin Goodfellow, in
+a suit of leather, close to his body, his hands and face coloured russet
+colour, with a flail."--_Grim, the Collier of Croydon, Act 4, Scene 1._
+At other times, however, he is presented in the vernal livery of the
+elves, his associates:
+
+  _Tim._ "I have made
+  "Some speeches, sir, ill verse, which have been spoke
+  "By a _green Robin Goodfellow_, from Cheapside conduit,
+  "To my father's company."
+      _The City Match, Act I, Scene 6._]
+
+[Footnote B: The Fairy land, and Fairies of Spenser, have no connection
+with popular superstition, being only words used to denote an Utopian
+scene of action, and imaginary or allegorical characters; and the title
+of the "Fairy Queen" being probably suggested by the elfin mistress of
+Chaucer's _Sir Thopas_. The stealing of the Red Cross Knight, while a
+child, is the only incident in the poem which approaches to the popular
+character of the Fairy:
+
+  --A Fairy thee unweeting reft;
+  There as thou sleptst in tender swadling band,
+  And her base elfin brood there for thee left:
+  Such men do changelings call, so chang'd by Fairies theft.
+      _Book I. Canto_ 10.]
+
+While the fays of South Britain received such attractive and poetical
+embellishments, those of Scotland, who possessed no such advantage,
+retained more of their ancient, and appropriate character. Perhaps,
+also, the persecution which these sylvan deities underwent, at the
+instance of the stricter presbyterian clergy, had its usual effect, in
+hardening their dispositions, or at least in rendering them more dreaded
+by those among whom they dwelt. The face of the country, too, might
+have some effect; as we should naturally attribute a less malicious
+disposition, and a less frightful appearance, to the fays who glide by
+moon-light through the oaks of Windsor, than to those who haunt the
+solitary heaths and lofty mountains of the North. The fact at least is
+certain; and it has not escaped a late ingenious traveller, that the
+character of the Scottish Fairy is more harsh and terrific than that
+which is ascribed to the elves of our sister kingdom.--See STODDART'S
+_View of Scenery and Manners in Scotland._
+
+The Fairies of Scotland are represented as a diminutive race of beings,
+of a mixed, or rather dubious nature, capricious in their dispositions,
+and mischievous in their resentment. They inhabit the interior of green
+hills, chiefly those of a conical form, in Gaelic termed _Sighan_, on
+which they lead their dances by moon-light; impressing upon the surface
+the mark of circles, which sometimes appear yellow and blasted,
+sometimes of a deep green hue; and within which it is dangerous to
+sleep, or to be found after sun-set. The removal of those large portions
+of turf, which thunderbolts sometimes scoop out of the ground with
+singular regularity, is also ascribed to their agency. Cattle, which are
+suddenly seized with the cramp, or some similar disorder, are said to be
+_elf-shot_; and the approved cure is, to chafe the parts affected with
+a blue bonnet, which, it may be readily believed, often restores the
+circulation. The triangular flints, frequently found in Scotland, with
+which the ancient inhabitants probably barbed their shafts, are supposed
+to be the weapons of Fairy resentment, and are termed _elf-arrow heads_.
+The rude brazen battle-axes of the ancients, commonly called _celts_,
+are also ascribed to their manufacture. But, like the Gothic duergar,
+their skill is not confined to the fabrication of arms; for they are
+heard sedulously hammering in linns, precipices, and rocky or cavernous
+situations where, like the dwarfs of the mines, mentioned by Georg.
+Agricola, they busy themselves in imitating the actions and the various
+employments of men. The brook of Beaumont, for example, which passes,
+in its course, by numerous linns and caverns, is notorious for being
+haunted by the Fairies; and the perforated and rounded stones, which are
+formed by trituration in its channel, are termed, by the vulgar, fairy
+cups and dishes. A beautiful reason is assigned, by Fletcher, for the
+fays frequenting streams and fountains. He tells us of
+
+  A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks
+  The nimble-footed Fairies dance their rounds,
+  By the pale moon-shine, dipping oftentimes
+  Their stolen children, so to make them free
+  From dying flesh, and dull mortality.
+      _Faithful Shepherdess._
+
+It is sometimes accounted unlucky to pass such places, without
+performing some ceremony to avert the displeasure of the elves. There
+is, upon the top of Minchmuir, a mountain in Peebles-shire, a spring,
+called the _Cheese Well_, because, anciently, those who passed that way
+were wont to throw into it a piece of cheese, as an offering to the
+Fairies, to whom it was consecrated.
+
+Like the _feld elfen_ of the Saxons, the usual dress of the Fairies
+is green; though, on the moors, they have been sometimes observed in
+heath-brown, or in weeds dyed with the stoneraw, or lichen.[A] They
+often ride in invisible procession, when their presence is discovered by
+the shrill ringing of their bridles. On these occasions, they sometimes
+borrow mortal steeds; and when such are found at morning, panting and
+fatigued in their stalls, with their manes and tails dishevelled and
+entangled, the grooms, I presume, often find this a convenient excuse
+for their situation; as the common belief of the elves quaffing the
+choicest liquors in the cellars of the rich (see the story of Lord
+Duffus below), might occasionally cloak the delinquencies of an
+unfaithful butler.
+
+[Footnote A: Hence the hero of the ballad is termed an "elfin grey."]
+
+The Fairies, beside their equestrian processions, are addicted it would
+seem, to the pleasures of the chace. A young sailor, travelling by night
+from Douglas, in the Isle of Man, to visit his sister, residing in Kirk
+Merlugh, heard the noise of horses, the holla of a huntsman, and the
+sound of a horn. Immediately afterwards, thirteen horsemen, dressed in
+green, and gallantly mounted, swept past him. Jack was so much delighted
+with the sport, that he followed them, and enjoyed the sound of the horn
+for some miles; and it was not till he arrived at his sister's house
+that he learned the danger which he had incurred. I must not omit to
+mention, that these little personages are expert jockeys, and scorn to
+ride the little Manks ponies, though apparently well suited to their
+size. The exercise therefore, falls heavily upon the English and Irish
+horses brought into the Isle of Man. Mr Waldron was assured by a
+gentleman of Ballafletcher, that he had lost three or four capital
+hunters by these nocturnal excursions.--WALDRON'S _Works_, p. 132.
+From the same author we learn, that the Fairies sometimes take more
+legitimate modes of procuring horses. A person of the utmost integrity
+informed him, that, having occasion to sell a horse, he was accosted
+among the mountains by a little gentleman plainly dressed, who priced
+his horse, cheapened him, and, after some chaffering, finally purchased
+him. No sooner had the buyer mounted, and paid the price, than, he sunk
+through the earth, horse and man, to the astonishment and terror of the
+seller; who experienced, however, no inconvenience from dealing with so
+extraordinary a purchaser.--_Ibid._ p. 135.
+
+It is hoped the reader will receive, with due respect, these, and
+similar stories, told by Mr Waldron; for he himself, a scholar and a
+gentleman, informs us, "as to circles in grass, and the impression
+of small feet among the snow, I cannot deny but I have seen them
+frequently, and once thought I heard a whistle, as though in my ear,
+when nobody that could make it was near me." In this passage there is a
+curious picture of the contagious effects of a superstitious atmosphere.
+Waldron had lived so long among the Manks, that he was almost persuaded
+to believe their legends.
+
+From the _History of the Irish Bards_, by Mr Walker, and from the
+glossary subjoined to the lively and ingenious _Tale of Castle
+Rackrent_, we learn, that the same ideas, concerning Fairies, are
+current among the vulgar in that country. The latter authority mentions
+their inhabiting the ancient tumuli, called _Barrows_, and their
+abstracting mortals. They are termed "the good people;" and when an eddy
+of wind raises loose dust and sand, the vulgar believe that it announces
+a Fairy procession, and bid God speed their journey.
+
+The Scottish Fairies, in like manner, sometimes reside in subterranean
+abodes, in the vicinity of human habitations or, according to the
+popular phrase, under the "door-stane," or threshold; in which
+situation, they sometimes establish an intercourse with men, by
+borrowing and lending, and other kindly offices. In this capacity they
+are termed "the good neighbours,"[A] from supplying privately the wants
+of their friends, and assisting them in all their transactions, while
+their favours are concealed. Of this the traditionary story of Sir
+Godfrey Macculloch forms a curious example.
+
+[Footnote A: Perhaps this epithet is only one example, among many, of
+the extreme civility which the vulgar in Scotland use towards spirits of
+a, dubious, or even a determinedly mischievous, nature. The archfiend
+himself is often distinguished by the softened title of the "good-man."
+This epithet, so applied, must sound strange to a southern ear; but, as
+the phrase bears various interpretations, according to the places where
+it is used, so, in the Scottish dialect, the _good-man of such a place_
+signifies the tenant, or life-renter, in opposition to the laird, or
+proprietor. Hence, the devil is termed the good-man, or tenant, of the
+infernal regions. In the book of the Universal Kirk, 13th May, 1594,
+mention is made of "the horrible superstitioune usit in Garioch, and
+dyvers parts of the countrie, in not labouring a parcel of ground
+dedicated to the devil, under the title of the _Guid-man's Croft_." Lord
+Hailes conjectured this to have been the _tenenos_ adjoining to some
+ancient Pagan temple. The unavowed, but obvious, purpose of this
+practice, was to avert the destructive rage of Satan from the
+neighbouring possessions. It required various fulminations of the
+General Assembly of the Kirk to abolish a practice bordering so nearly
+upon the doctrine of the Magi.]
+
+As this Gallovidian gentleman was taking the air on horseback, near his
+own house, he was suddenly accosted by a little old man, arrayed in
+green, and mounted upon a white palfrey. After mutual salutation, the
+old man gave Sir Godfrey to understand, that he resided under his
+habitation, and that he had great reason to complain of the direction of
+a drain, or common sewer, which emptied itself directly into his chamber
+of dais, [A] Sir Godfrey Macculloch was a good deal startled at this
+extraordinary complaint; but, guessing the nature of the being he had
+to deal with, he assured the old man, with great courtesy, that the
+direction of the drain should be altered; and caused it be done
+accordingly. Many years afterwards, Sir Godfrey had the misfortune to
+kill, in a fray, a gentleman of the neighbourhood. He was apprehended,
+tried, and condemned.[B] The scaffold, upon which his head was to be
+struck off, was erected on the Castle-hill of Edinburgh; but hardly had
+he reached the fatal spot, when the old man, upon his white palfrey,
+pressed through the crowd, with the rapidity of lightning. Sir Godfrey,
+at his command, sprung on behind him; the "good neighbour" spurred his
+horse down the steep bank, and neither he nor the criminal were ever
+again seen.
+
+[Footnote A: The best chamber was thus currently denominated in
+Scotland, from the French _dais_, signifying that part of the ancient
+halls which was elevated above the rest, and covered with a canopy.
+The turf-seats, which occupy the sunny side of a cottage wall, is also
+termed the _dais_.]
+
+[Footnote B: In this particular, tradition coincides with the real fact;
+the trial took place in 1697.]
+
+The most formidable attribute of the elves, was their practice of
+carrying away, and exchanging, children; and that of stealing human
+souls from their bodies. "A persuasion prevails among the ignorant,"
+says the author of a MS. history of Moray, "that, in a consumptive
+disease, the Fairies steal away the soul, and put the soul of a Fairy in
+the room of it." This belief prevails chiefly along the eastern coast of
+Scotland, where a practice, apparently of druidical origin, is used to
+avert the danger. In the increase of the March moon, withies of oak and
+ivy are cut, and twisted into wreaths or circles, which they preserve
+till next March. After that period, when persons are consumptive, or
+children hectic, they cause them to pass thrice through these circles.
+In other cases the cure was more rough, and at least as dangerous as the
+disease, as will appear from the following extract:
+
+"There is one thing remarkable in this parish of Suddie (in
+Inverness-shire), which I think proper to mention. There is a small hill
+N.W. from the church, commonly called Therdy Hill, or Hill of Therdie,
+as some term it; on the top of which there is a well, which I had the
+curiosity to view, because of the several reports concerning it. When
+children happen to be sick, and languish long in their malady, so that
+they almost turned skeletons, the common people imagine they are taken
+away (at least the substance) by spirits, called Fairies, and the shadow
+left with them; so, at a particular season in summer, they leave them
+all night themselves, watching at a distance, near this well, and this
+they imagine will either _end or mend them_; they say many more do
+recover than do not. Yea, an honest tenant who lives hard by it, and
+whom I had the curiosity to discourse about it, told me it has recovered
+some, who were about eight or nine years of age, and to his certain
+knowledge they bring adult persons to it; for, as he was passing one
+dark night, he heard groanings, and coming to the well, he found a man,
+who had been long sick, wrapped in a plaid, so that he could scarcely
+move, a stake being fixed in the earth, with a rope, or tedder, that was
+about the plaid; he had no sooner enquired what he was, but he conjured
+him to loose him, and out of sympathy he was pleased to slacken that,
+wherein he was, as I may so speak, swaddled; but, if I right remember,
+he signified, he did not recover."--_Account of the Parish of Suddie,_
+apud _Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+According to the earlier doctrine, concerning the original corruption of
+human nature, the power of daemons over infants had been long reckoned
+considerable, in the period intervening between birth and baptism.
+During this period, therefore, children were believed to be particularly
+liable to abstraction by the Fairies, and mothers chiefly dreaded the
+substitution of changelings in the place of their own offspring. Various
+monstrous charms existed in Scotland, for procuring the restoration of a
+child, which had been thus stolen; but the most efficacious of them was
+supposed to be, the roasting of the suppositious child upon the live
+embers, when it was believed it would vanish, and the true child appear
+in the place, whence it had been originally abstracted.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: Less perilous recipes were sometimes used. The editor is
+possessed of a small relique, termed by tradition a toad-stone, the
+influence of which was supposed to preserve pregnant women from the
+power of daemons, and other dangers incidental to their situation. It
+has been carefully preserved for several generations, was often pledged
+for considerable sums of money, and uniformly redeemed, from a belief in
+its efficacy.]
+
+The most minute and authenticated account of an exchanged child is to be
+found in Waldron's _Isle of Man_, a book from which I have derived much
+legendary information. "I was prevailed upon myself," says that author,
+"to go and see a child, who, they told me, was one of these changelings,
+and, indeed, must own, was not a little surprised, as well as shocked,
+at the sight. Nothing under heaven could have a more beautiful face;
+but, though between five and six years old, and seemingly healthy, he
+was so far from being able to walk or stand, that he could not so much
+as move any one joint; his limbs were vastly long for his age, but
+smaller than any infant's of six months; his complexion was perfectly
+delicate, and he had the finest hair in the world. He never spoke nor
+cried, ate scarce any thing, and was very seldom seen to smile; but if
+any one called him a _fairy-elf_, he would frown, and fix his eyes so
+earnestly on those who said it, as if he would look them through. His
+mother, or at least his supposed mother, being very poor, frequently
+went out a chareing, and left him a whole day together. The neighbours,
+out of curiosity, have often looked in at the window, to see how he
+behaved while alone; which, whenever they did, they were sure to find
+him laughing, and in the utmost delight. This made them judge that he
+was not without company, more pleasing to him than any mortals could be;
+and what made this conjecture seem the more reasonable, was, that if he
+were left ever so dirty, the woman, at her return, saw him with a clean
+face, and his hair combed with the utmost exactness and nicety." P. 128.
+
+Waldron gives another account of a poor woman, to whose offspring, it
+would seem, the Fairies had taken a special fancy. A few nights after
+she was delivered of her first child, the family were alarmed by a
+dreadful cry of "Fire!" All flew to the door, while the mother lay
+trembling in bed, unable to protect her infant, which was snatched from
+the bed by an invisible hand. Fortunately the return of the gossips,
+after the causeless alarm, disturbed the Fairies, who dropped the child,
+which was found sprawling and shrieking upon the threshold. At the good
+woman's second _accouchement_, a tumult was heard in the cow-house,
+which drew thither the whole assistants. They returned, when they found
+that all was quiet among the cattle, and lo! the second child had been
+carried from the bed, and dropped in the middle of the lane. But, upon
+the third occurrence of the same kind, the company were again decoyed
+out of the sick woman's chamber by a false alarm, leaving only a nurse,
+who was detained by the bonds of sleep. On this last occasion, the
+mother plainly saw her child removed, though the means were invisible.
+She screamed for assistance to the nurse; but the old lady had partaken
+too deeply of the cordials which circulate on such joyful occasions, to
+be easily awakened. In short, the child was this time fairly carried
+off, and a withered, deformed creature, left in its stead, quite naked,
+with the clothes of the abstracted infant, rolled in a bundle, by its
+side. This creature lived nine years, ate nothing but a few herbs,
+and neither spoke, stood, walked nor performed any other functions
+of mortality; resembling, in all respects, the changeling already
+mentioned.--WALDRON'S _Works, ibid._
+
+But the power of the Fairies was not confined to unchristened children
+alone; it was supposed frequently to extend to full grown persons,
+especially such as, in an unlucky hour, were devoted to the devil by the
+execration of parents, and of masters;[A] or those who were found asleep
+under a rock, or on a green hill, belonging to the Fairies, after
+sun-set; or, finally, to those who unwarily joined their orgies. A
+tradition existed, during the seventeenth century, concerning an
+ancestor of the noble family of Duffus, who, "walking abroad in the
+fields, near to his own house, was suddenly carried away, and found the
+next day at Paris, in the French king's cellar, with a silver cup in his
+hand. Being brought into the king's presence, and questioned by him who
+he was, and how he came thither, he told his name, his country, and the
+place of his residence; and that, on such a day of the month, which
+proved to be the day immediately preceding, being in the fields, he
+heard the noise of a whirlwind, and of voices, crying, _'Horse and
+Hattock!'_ (this is the word which the Fairies are said to use when they
+remove from any place), whereupon he cried, _'Horse and Hattock'_ also,
+and was immediately caught up, and transported through the air, by the
+Fairies, to that place, where, after he had drunk heartily, he fell
+asleep, and, before he woke, the rest of the company were gone, and had
+left him in the posture wherein he was found. It is said the king gave
+him the cup, which was found in his hand, and dismissed him." The
+narrator affirms, "that the cup was still preserved, and known by the
+name of the _Fairy cup_." He adds, that Mr Steward, tutor to the then
+Lord Duffus, had informed him, "that, when a boy, at the school of
+Forres, he, and his school-fellows, were upon a time whipping their tops
+in the church-yard, before the door of the church, when, though the day
+was calm, they heard a noise of a wind, and at some distance saw
+the small dust begin to rise and turn round, which motion continued
+advancing till it came to the place where they were, whereupon they
+began to bless themselves; but one of their number being, it seems, a
+little more bold and confident than his companions, said, _'Horse and
+Hattock, with my top,'_ and immediately they all saw the top lifted up
+from the ground, but could not see which way it was carried, by reason
+of a cloud of dust which was raised at the same time. They sought for
+the top all about the place where it was taken up, but in vain; and
+it was found afterwards in the church-yard, on the other side of the
+church."--This puerile legend is contained in a letter from a learned
+gentleman in Scotland, to Mr Aubrey, dated 15th March, 1695, published
+in AUBREY'S _Miscellanies,_ p. 158.
+
+[Footnote A: This idea is not peculiar to the Gothic tribes, but extends
+to those of Sclavic origin. Tooke (_History of Russia,_ Vol. I. p.
+100) relates, that the Russian peasants believe the nocturnal daemon,
+_Kikimora_, to have been a child, whom the devil stole out of the womb
+of its mother, because she had cursed it. They also assert, that if
+an execration against a child be spoken in an evil hour, the child is
+carried off by the devil. The beings, so stolen, are neither fiends nor
+men; they are invisible, and afraid of the cross and holy water; but, on
+the other hand, in their nature and dispositions they resemble mankind,
+whom they love, and rarely injure.]
+
+Notwithstanding the special example of Lord Duffus, and of the top, it
+is the common opinion, that persons, falling under the power of the
+Fairies, were only allowed to revisit the haunts of men, after
+seven years had expired. At the end of seven years more, they again
+disappeared, after which they were seldom seen among mortals. The
+accounts they gave of their situation, differ in some particulars.
+Sometimes they were represented as leading a life of constant
+restlessness, and wandering by moon-light. According to others, they
+inhabited a pleasant region, where, however, their situation was
+rendered horrible, by the sacrifice of one or more individuals to the
+devil, every seventh year. This circumstance is mentioned in Alison
+Pearson's indictment, and in the _Tale of the Young Tamlane,_ where
+it is termed, "the paying the kane to hell," or, according to some
+recitations, "the teind," or tenth. This is the popular reason assigned
+for the desire of the Fairies to abstract young children, as substitutes
+for themselves in this dreadful tribute. Concerning the mode of winning,
+or recovering, persons abstracted by the Fairies, tradition differs; but
+the popular opinion, contrary to what may be inferred from the following
+tale, supposes, that the recovery must be effected within a year and a
+day, to be held legal in the Fairy court. This feat, which was reckoned
+an enterprize of equal difficulty and danger, could only be accomplished
+on Hallowe'en, at the great annual procession of the Fairy court.[A]
+Of this procession the following description is found in Montgomery's
+_Flyting against Polwart,_ apud _Watson's Collection of Scots Poems,_
+1709, Part III. p. 12.
+
+  In the hinder end of harvest, on All-hallowe'en,
+    When our _good neighbours_ dois ride, if I read right.
+  Some buckled on a bunewand, and some on a been,
+    Ay trottand in tronps from the twilight;
+  Some saidled a she-ape, all grathed into green,
+    Some hobland on a hemp-stalk, hovand to the hight;
+  The king of Pharie and his court, with the Elf queen,
+    With many elfish incubus was ridand that night.
+  There an elf on an ape, an unsel begat.
+    Into a pot by Pomathorne;
+    That bratchart in a busse was born;
+    They fand a monster on the morn,
+  War faced nor a cat.
+
+[Footnote A: See the inimitable poem of Hallowe'en:--
+
+  "Upon that night, when Fairies light
+    On Cassilis Downan dance;
+  Or o'er the leas, in splendid blaze,
+    On stately coursers prance," &c.    _Burns._]
+
+The catastrophe of _Tamlane_ terminated more successfully than that of
+other attempts, which tradition still records. The wife of a farmer in
+Lothian had been carried off by the Fairies, and, during the year of
+probation, repeatedly appeared on Sunday, in the midst of her children,
+combing their hair. On one of these occasions she was accosted by
+her husband; when she related to him the unfortunate event which had
+separated them, instructed him by what means he might win her, and
+exhorted him to exert all his courage, since her temporal and eternal
+happiness depended on the success of his attempt. The farmer, who
+ardently loved his wife, set out on Hallow-e'en and, in the midst of a
+plot of furze, waited impatiently for the procession of the Fairies. At
+the ringing of the Fairy bridles, and the wild unearthly sound which
+accompanied the cavalcade, his heart failed him, and he suffered the
+ghostly train to pass by without interruption. When the last had rode
+past, the whole troop vanished, with loud shouts of laughter and
+exultation; among which he plainly discovered the voice of his wife,
+lamenting that he had lost her for ever.
+
+A similar, but real incident, took place at the town of North Berwick,
+within the memory of man. The wife of a man, above the lowest class of
+society, being left alone in the house, a few days after delivery, was
+attacked and carried off by one of those convulsion fits, incident to
+her situation. Upon the return of the family, who had been engaged in
+hay-making, or harvest, they found the corpse much disfigured. This
+circumstance, the natural consequence of her disease, led some of the
+spectators to think that she had been carried off by the Fairies,
+and that the body before them was some elfin deception. The husband,
+probably, paid little attention to this opinion at the time. The body
+was interred, and, after a decent time had elapsed, finding his domestic
+affairs absolutely required female superintendence, the widower paid
+his addresses to a young woman in the neighbourhood. The recollection,
+however, of his former wife, whom he had tenderly loved, haunted his
+slumbers; and, one morning, he came to the clergyman of the parish in
+the utmost dismay, declaring, that she had appeared to him the preceding
+night, informed him that she was a captive in Fairy Land, and conjured
+him to attempt her deliverance. She directed him to bring the minister,
+and certain other persons, whom she named, to her grave at midnight. Her
+body was then to be dug up, and certain prayers recited; after which the
+corpse was to become animated, and fly from them. One of the assistants,
+the swiftest runner in the parish, was to pursue the body; and, if he
+was able to seize it, before it had thrice encircled the church, the
+rest were to come to his assistance, and detain it, in spite of the
+struggles it should use, and the various shapes into which it might be
+transformed. The redemption of the abstracted person was then to become
+complete. The minister, a sensible man, argued with his parishioner upon
+the indecency and absurdity of what was proposed, and dismissed him.
+Next Sunday, the banns being for the first time proclaimed betwixt the
+widower and his new bride, his former wife, very naturally, took the
+opportunity of the following night to make him another visit, yet more
+terrific than the former. She upbraided him with his incredulity, his
+fickleness, and his want of affection; and, to convince him that her
+appearance was no aërial illusion, she gave suck, in his presence, to
+her youngest child. The man, under the greatest horror of mind, had
+again recourse to the pastor; and his ghostly counsellor fell upon
+an admirable expedient to console him. This was nothing less than
+dispensing with the further solemnity of banns, and marrying him,
+without an hour's delay, to the young woman to whom he was affianced;
+after which no spectre again disturbed his repose.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Having concluded these general observations upon the Fairy superstition,
+which, although minute, may not, I hope, be deemed altogether
+uninteresting, I proceed to the more particular illustrations, relating
+to the _Tale of the Young Tamlane._
+
+The following ballad, still popular in Ettrick Forest, where the scene
+is laid, is certainly of much greater antiquity than its phraseology,
+gradually modernized as transmitted by tradition, would seem to denote.
+The _Tale of the Young Tamlane_ is mentioned in the _Complaynt of
+Scotland;_ and the air, to which it was chaunted, seems to have been
+accommodated to a particular dance; for the dance of _Thorn of
+Lynn_, another variation of _Thomalin_, likewise occurs in the same
+performance. Like every popular subject, it seems to have been
+frequently parodied; and a burlesque ballad, beginning
+
+  "Tom o' the Linn was a Scotsman born,"
+
+is still well known.
+
+In a medley, contained in a curious and ancient MS. cantus, _penes_ J.G.
+Dalyell, Esq., there is an allusion to our ballad:--
+
+  "Sing young Thomlin, be merry, be merry, and twice so merry."
+
+In _Scottish Songs_, 1774, a part of the original tale was published,
+under the title of _Kerton Ha';_ a corruption of Carterhaugh; and,
+in the same collection, there is a fragment, containing two or three
+additional verses, beginning,
+
+  "I'll wager, I'll wager, I'll wager with you," &c.
+
+In Johnson's _Musical Museum_, a more complete copy occurs, under the
+title of _Thom Linn_, which, with some alterations was reprinted in the
+_Tales of Wonder_.
+
+The present edition is the most perfect which has yet appeared; being
+prepared from a collation of the printed copies, with a very accurate
+one in Glenriddell's MSS., and with several recitals from tradition.
+Some verses are omitted in this edition, being ascertained to belong to
+a separate ballad, which will be found in a subsequent part of the work.
+In one recital only, the well known fragment of the _Wee, wee Man_,
+was introduced, in the same measure with the rest of the poem. It was
+retained in the first edition, but is now omitted; as the editor has
+been favoured, by the learned Mr Ritson, with a copy of the original
+poem, of which it is a detached fragment. The editor has been enabled to
+add several verses of beauty and interest to this edition of _Tamlane_,
+in consequence of a copy, obtained from a gentleman residing near
+Langholm, which is said to be very ancient, though the diction is
+somewhat of a modern cast. The manners of the Fairies are detailed at
+considerable length, and in poetry of no common merit.
+
+Carterhaugh is a plain, at the conflux of the Ettrick and Yarrow, in
+Selkirkshire, about a mile above Selkirk, and two miles below Newark
+Castle; a romantic ruin, which overhangs the Yarrow, and which is said
+to have been the habitation of our heroine's father, though others place
+his residence in the tower of Oakwood. The peasants point out, upon the
+plain, those electrical rings, which vulgar credulity supposes to be
+traces of the Fairy revels. Here, they say, were placed the stands of
+milk, and of water, in which _Tamlane_ was dipped, in order to effect
+the disenchantment; and upon these spots, according to their mode of
+expressing themselves, the grass will never grow. Miles Cross (perhaps a
+corruption of Mary's Cross), where fair Janet waited the arrival of the
+Fairy train, is said to have stood near the duke of Buccleuch's seat of
+Bowhill, about half a mile from Carterhaugh. In no part of Scotland,
+indeed, has the belief in Fairies maintained its ground with more
+pertinacity than in Selkirkshire. The most sceptical among the lower
+ranks only venture to assert, that their appearances, and mischievous
+exploits, have ceased, or at least become infrequent, since the light of
+the Gospel was diffused in its purity. One of their frolics is said to
+have happened late in the last century. The victim of elfin sport was a
+poor man, who, being employed in pulling heather upon Peatlaw, a hill
+not far from Carterhaugh, had tired of his labour, and laid him down
+to sleep upon a Fairy ring.--When he awakened, he was amazed to find
+himself in the midst of a populous city, to which, as well as to the
+means of his transportation, he was an utter stranger. His coat was left
+upon the Peatlaw; and his bonnet, which had fallen off in the course of
+his aërial journey, was afterwards found hanging upon the steeple of
+the church of Lanark. The distress of the poor man was, in some degree,
+relieved, by meeting a carrier, whom he had formerly known, and who
+conducted him back to Selkirk, by a slower conveyance than had whirled
+him to Glasgow.--That he had been carried off by the Fairies, was
+implicitly believed by all, who did not reflect, that a man may have
+private reasons for leaving his own country, and for disguising his
+having intentionally done so.
+
+
+
+THE YOUNG TAMLANE
+
+
+  O I forbid ye, maidens a',
+    That wear gowd on your hair,
+  To come or gae by Carterhaugh;
+    For young Tamlane is there.
+
+  There's nane, that gaes by Carterhaugh,
+    But maun leave him a wad;
+  Either goud rings or green mantles,
+    Or else their maidenheid.
+
+  Now, gowd rings ye may buy, maidens,
+    Green mantles ye may spin;
+  But, gin ye lose your maidenheid,
+    Ye'll ne'er get that agen.
+
+  But up then spak her, fair Janet,
+    The fairest o' a' her kin;
+  "I'll cum and gang to Carterhaugh,
+    "And ask nae leave o' him."
+
+  Janet has kilted her green kirtle,[A]
+    A little abune her knee;
+  And she has braided her yellow hair,
+    A little abune her bree.
+
+  And when she cam to Carterhaugh,
+    She gaed beside the well;
+  And there she fand his steed standing,
+    But away was himsell.
+
+  She hadna pu'd a red red rose,
+    A rose but barely three;
+  Till up and starts a wee wee man,
+    At Lady Janet's knee.
+
+  Says--"Why pu' ye the rose, Janet?
+    "What gars ye break the tree?
+  "Or why come ye to Carterhaugh,
+    "Withoutten leave o' me?"
+
+  Says--"Carterhaugh it is mine ain;
+    "My daddie gave it me;
+  "I'll come and gang to Carterhaugh,
+    "And ask nae leave o' thee."
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+    Amang the leaves sae green;
+  And what they did I cannot tell--
+    The green leaves were between.
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+    Amang the roses red;
+  And what they did I cannot say--
+    She ne'er returned a maid.
+
+  When she cam to her father's ha',
+    She looked pale and wan;
+  They thought she'd dried some sair sickness,
+    Or been wi' some leman.
+
+  She didna comb her yellow hair,
+    Nor make meikle o' her heid;
+  And ilka thing, that lady took,
+    Was like to be her deid.
+
+  Its four and twenty ladies fair
+    Were playing at the ba';
+  Janet, the wightest of them anes,
+    Was faintest o' them a'.
+
+  Four and twenty ladies fair
+    Were playing at the chess;
+  And out there came the fair Janet,
+    As green as any grass.
+
+  Out and spak an auld gray-headed knight,
+    Lay o'er the castle wa'--
+  "And ever alas! for thee, Janet,
+    "But we'll be blamed a'!"
+
+  "Now haud your tongue, ye auld gray knight!
+    "And an ill deid may ye die!
+  "Father my bairn on whom I will,
+    "I'll father nane on thee."
+
+  Out then spak her father dear,
+    And he spak meik and mild--
+  "And ever alas! my sweet Janet,
+    "I fear ye gae with child."
+
+  "And, if I be with child, father,
+    "Mysell maun bear the blame;
+  "There's ne'er a knight about your ha'
+    "Shall hae the bairnie's name.
+
+  "And if I be with child, father,
+    "'Twill prove a wondrous birth;
+  "For well I swear I'm not wi' bairn
+    "To any man on earth.
+
+  "If my love were an earthly knight,
+    "As he's an elfin grey,
+  "I wadna gie my ain true love
+    "For nae lord that ye hae."
+
+  She princked hersell and prinn'd hersell,
+    By the ae light of the moon,
+  And she's away to Carterhaugh,
+    To speak wi' young Tamlane.
+
+  And when she cam to Carterhaugh,
+    She gaed beside the well;
+  And there she saw the steed standing,
+    But away was himsell.
+
+  She hadna pu'd a double rose,
+    A rose but only twae,
+  When up and started young Tamlane,
+    Says--"Lady, thou pu's nae mae!
+
+  "Why pu' ye the rose, Janet,
+    "Within this garden grene,
+  "And a' to kill the bonny babe,
+    "That we got us between?"
+
+  "The truth ye'll tell to me, Tamlane;
+    "A word ye mauna lie;
+  "Gin ye're ye was in haly chapel,
+    "Or sained[B] in Christentie."
+
+  "The truth I'll tell to thee, Janet,
+    "A word I winna lie;
+  "A knight me got, and a lady me bore,
+    "As well as they did thee.
+
+  "Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,
+    "Dunbar, Earl March, is thine;
+  "We loved when we were children small,
+    "Which yet you well may mind.
+
+  "When I was a boy just turned of nine,
+    "My uncle sent for me,
+  "To hunt, and hawk, and ride with him,
+    "And keep him cumpanie.
+
+  "There came a wind out of the north,
+    "A sharp wind and a snell;
+  "And a dead sleep came over me,
+    "And frae my horse I fell.
+
+  "The Queen of Fairies keppit me,
+    "In yon green hill to dwell;
+  "And I'm a Fairy, lyth and limb;
+    "Fair ladye, view me well.
+
+  "But we, that live in Fairy-land,
+    "No sickness know, nor pain;
+  "I quit my body when I will,
+    "And take to it again.
+
+  "I quit my body when I please,
+    "Or unto it repair;
+  "We can inhabit, at our ease,
+    "In either earth or air.
+
+  "Our shapes and size we can convert,
+    "To either large or small;
+  "An old nut-shell's the same to us,
+    "As is the lofty hall.
+
+  "We sleep in rose-buds, soft and sweet,
+    "We revel in the stream;
+  "We wanton lightly on the wind,
+    "Or glide on a sunbeam.
+
+  "And all our wants are well supplied,
+    "From every rich man's store,
+  "Who thankless sins the gifts he gets,
+    "And vainly grasps for more.
+
+  "Then would I never tire, Janet,
+    "In elfish land to dwell;
+  "But aye at every seven years,
+    "They pay the teind to hell;
+  "And I am sae fat, and fair of flesh,
+    "I fear 'twill be mysell.
+
+  "This night is Hallowe'en, Janet,
+    "The morn is Hallowday;
+
+  "And, gin ye dare your true love win,
+    "Ye hae na time to stay.
+
+  "The night it is good Hallowe'en,
+    "When fairy folk will ride;
+  "And they, that wad their true love win,
+    "At Miles Cross they maun bide."
+
+  "But how shall I thee ken, Tamlane?
+    "Or how shall I thee knaw,
+  "Amang so many unearthly knights,
+    "The like I never saw.?"
+
+  "The first company, that passes by,
+    "Say na, and let them gae;
+  "The next company, that passes by,
+    "Say na, and do right sae;
+  "The third company, that passes by,
+    "Than I'll be ane o' thae.
+
+  "First let pass the black, Janet,
+    "And syne let pass the brown;
+  "But grip ye to the milk-white steed,
+    "And pu' the rider down.
+
+  "For I ride on the milk-white steed,
+    "And ay nearest the town;
+  "Because I was a christened knight,
+    "They gave me that renown.
+
+  "My right hand will be gloved, Janet,
+    "My left hand will be bare;
+  "And these the tokens I gie thee,
+    "Nae doubt I will be there.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "An adder and a snake;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass,
+    "Gin ye wad be my maik.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "An adder and an ask;
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A bale[C] that burns fast.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A red-hot gad o' aim;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass,
+    "For I'll do you no harm.
+
+  "First, dip me in a stand o' milk,
+    "And then in a stand o' water;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass--
+    "I'll be your bairn's father.
+
+  "And, next, they'll shape me in your arms,
+    "A toad, but and an eel;
+  "But had me fast, nor let me gang,
+    "As you do love me weel.
+
+  "They'll shape me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A dove, but and a swan;
+  "And, last, they'll shape me in your arms,
+    "A mother-naked man:
+  "Cast your green mantle over me--
+    "I'll be mysell again."
+
+  Gloomy, gloomy, was the night,
+    And eiry[D] was the way,
+  As fair Janet, in her green mantle,
+    To Miles Cross she did gae.
+
+  The heavens were black, the night was dark,
+    And dreary was the place;
+
+  But Janet stood, with eager wish,
+    Her lover to embrace.
+
+  Betwixt the hours of twelve and one,
+    A north wind tore the bent;
+  And straight she heard strange elritch sounds
+    Upon that wind which went.
+
+  About the dead hour o' the night,
+    She heard the bridles ring;
+  And Janet was as glad o' that,
+    As any earthly thing!
+
+  Their oaten pipes blew wondrous shrill,
+    The hemlock small blew clear;
+  And louder notes from hemlock large,
+    And bog-reed struck the ear;
+  But solemn sounds, or sober thoughts,
+    The Fairies cannot bear.
+
+  They sing, inspired with love and joy,
+    Like sky-larks in the air;
+  Of solid sense, or thought that's grave,
+    You'll find no traces there.
+
+  Fair Janet stood, with mind unmoved,
+    The dreary heath upon;
+  And louder, louder, wax'd the sound,
+    As they came riding on.
+
+  Will o' Wisp before them went,
+    Sent forth a twinkling light;
+  And soon she saw the Fairy bands
+    All riding in her sight.
+
+  And first gaed by the black black steed,
+    And then gaed by the brown;
+  But fast she gript the milk-white steed,
+    And pu'd the rider down.
+
+  She pu'd him frae the milk-white steed,
+    And loot the bridle fa';
+  And up there raise an erlish[E] cry--
+    "He's won amang us a'!"
+
+  They shaped him in fair Janet's arms,
+    An esk[F], but and an adder;
+  She held him fast in every shape--
+    To be her bairn's father.
+
+  They shaped him in her arms at last,
+    A mother-naked man;
+  She wrapt him in her green mantle,
+    And sae her true love wan.
+
+  Up then spake the Queen o' Fairies,
+    Out o' a bush o' broom--
+  "She that has borrowed young Tamlane,
+    Has gotten a stately groom."
+
+  Up then spake the Queen of Fairies,
+    Out o' a bush of rye--
+  "She's ta'en awa the bonniest knight
+    In a' my cumpanie.
+
+  "But had I kenn'd, Tamlane," she says,
+    "A lady wad borrowed thee--
+  "I wad ta'en out thy twa gray een,
+    "Put in twa een o' tree.
+
+  "Had I but kenn'd, Tamlane," she says,
+    "Before ye came frae hame--
+  "I wad tane out your heart o' flesh,
+    "Put in a heart o' stane.
+
+  "Had I but had the wit yestreen,
+    "That I hae coft[G] the day--
+  "I'd paid my kane seven times to hell,
+    "Ere you'd been won away!"
+
+[Footnote A: The ladies are always represented, in Dunbar's Poems, with
+green mantles and yellow hair. _Maitland Poems,_ Vol. I. p. 45.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Sained_--Hallowed.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Bale_--A faggot.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Eiry_--Producing superstitious dread.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Erlish_--Elritch, ghastly.]
+
+[Footnote F: _Esk_--Newt.]
+
+[Footnote G: _Coft_--Bought.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE YOUNG TAMLANE.
+
+
+  _Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,
+  Dunbar, Earl March, is thine,_ &c.--P. 185, v. 5.
+
+Both these mighty chiefs were connected with Ettrick Forest, and its
+vicinity. Their memory, therefore, lived in the traditions of the
+country. Randolph, earl of Murray, the renowned nephew of Robert Bruce,
+had a castle at Ha' Guards, in Annandale, and another in Peebles-shire,
+on the borders of the forest, the site of which is still called
+Randall's Walls. Patrick of Dunbar, earl of March, is said by Henry the
+Minstrel, to have retreated to Ettrick Forest, after being defeated by
+Wallace.
+
+  _And all our wants are well supplied,
+    From every rich man's store;
+  Who thankless sins the gifts he gets, &c._--P. 187. v. 3.
+
+To _sin our gifts, or mercies_, means, ungratefully to hold them in
+slight esteem. The idea, that the possessions of the wicked are most
+obnoxious to the depredations of evil spirits, may be illustrated by the
+following tale of a _Buttery Spirit_, extracted from Thomas Heywood:--
+
+An ancient and virtuous monk came to visit his nephew, an inn-keeper,
+and, after other discourse, enquired into his circumstances. Mine host
+confessed, that, although he practised all the unconscionable tricks of
+his trade, he was still miserably poor. The monk shook his head, and
+asked to see his buttery, or larder. As they looked into it, he rendered
+visible to the astonished host an immense goblin, whose paunch,
+and whole appearance, bespoke his being gorged with food, and who,
+nevertheless, was gormandizing at the innkeeper's expence, emptying
+whole shelves of food, and washing it down with entire hogsheads of
+liquor. "To the depredation of this visitor will thy viands be exposed,"
+quoth the uncle, "until thou shalt abandon fraud, and false reckonings."
+The monk returned in a year. The host having turned over a new leaf, and
+given christian measure to his customers, was now a thriving man. When
+they again inspected the larder, they saw the same spirit, but woefully
+reduced in size, and in vain attempting to reach at the full plates and
+bottles, which stood around him; starving, in short, like Tantalus, in
+the midst of plenty. Honest Heywood sums up the tale thus:
+
+  In this discourse, far be it we should mean
+  Spirits by meat are fatted made, or lean;
+  Yet certain 'tis, by God's permission, they
+  May, over goods extorted, bear like sway.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  All such as study fraud, and practise evil,
+  Do only starve themselves to plumpe the devill.
+      _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 577.
+
+
+
+ERLINTON. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad is published from the collation of two copies, obtained from
+recitation. It seems to be the rude original, or perhaps a corrupted
+and imperfect copy, of _The Child of Elle_, a beautiful legendary tale,
+published in the _Reliques of Ancient Poetry_. It is singular, that
+this charming ballad should have been translated, or imitated, by the
+celebrated Bürger, without acknowledgment of the English original. As
+_The Child of Elle_ avowedly received corrections, we may ascribe its
+greatest beauties to the poetical taste of the ingenious editor. They
+are in the truest stile of Gothic embellishment. We may compare, for
+example, the following beautiful verse, with the same idea in an old
+romance:
+
+  The baron stroked his dark-brown cheek,
+    And turned his face aside,
+  To wipe away the starting tear,
+    He proudly strove to hide!
+      _Child of Elle._
+
+The heathen Soldan, or Amiral, when about to slay two lovers, relents in
+a similar manner:
+
+  Weeping, he turned his heued awai,
+  And his swerde hit fel to grounde.
+      _Florice and Blauncheflour._
+
+
+
+ERLINTON.
+
+
+  Erlinton had a fair daughter,
+    I wat he weird her in a great sin,[A]
+  For he has built a bigly bower,
+    An' a' to put that lady in.
+
+  An' he has warn'd her sisters six,
+    An' sae has he her brethren se'en,
+  Outher to watch her a' the night,
+    Or else to seek her morn an' e'en.
+
+  She hadna been i' that bigly bower,
+    Na not a night, but barely ane,
+  Till there was Willie, her ain true love,
+    Chapp'd at the door, cryin', "Peace within!"
+
+  "O whae is this at my bower door,
+    "That chaps sae late, nor kens the gin?"[B]
+  "O it is Willie, your ain true love,
+    "I pray you rise an' let me in!"
+
+  "But in my bower there is a wake,
+    "An' at the wake there is a wane;[C]
+  "But I'll come to the green-wood the morn,
+    "Whar blooms the brier by mornin' dawn."
+
+  Then she's gane to her bed again,
+    Where she has layen till the cock crew thrice,
+  Then she said to her sisters a',
+    "Maidens, 'tis time for us to rise."
+
+  She pat on her back a silken gown,
+    An' on her breast a siller pin,
+  An' she's tane a sister in ilka hand,
+    An' to the green-wood she is gane.
+
+  She hadna walk'd in the green-wood,
+    Na not a mile but barely ane,
+  Till there was Willie, her ain true love,
+    Whae frae her sisters has her ta'en.
+
+  He took her sisters by the hand,
+    He kiss'd them baith, an' sent them hame,
+  An' he's ta'en his true love him behind,
+    And through the green-wood they are gane.
+
+  They hadna ridden in the bonnie green-wood,
+    Na not a mile but barely ane,
+  When there came fifteen o' the boldest knights.
+    That ever bare flesh, blood, or bane.
+
+  The foremost was an aged knight,
+    He wore the grey hair on his chin,
+  Says, "Yield to me thy lady bright,
+    "An' thou shalt walk the woods within."
+
+  "For me to yield my lady bright
+    "To such an aged knight as thee,
+  "People wad think I war gane mad,
+    "Or a' the courage flown frae me."
+
+  But up then spake the second knight,
+    I wat he spake right boustouslie,
+  "Yield me thy life, or thy lady bright,
+    "Or here the tane of us shall die."
+
+  "My lady is my warld's meed;
+    "My life I winna yield to nane;
+  "But if ye be men of your manhead,
+    "Ye'll only fight me ane by ane."
+
+  He lighted aff his milk-white steed,
+    An' gae his lady him by the head,
+  Say'n, "See ye dinna change your cheer;
+    "Until ye see my body bleed."
+
+  He set his back unto an aik,
+    He set his feet against a stane,
+  An' he has fought these fifteen men,
+    An' kill'd them a' but barely ane;
+  For he has left that aged knight,
+    An' a' to carry the tidings hame.
+
+  When he gaed to his lady fair,
+    I wat he kiss'd her tenderlie;
+  "Thou art mine ain love, I have thee bought;
+    "Now we shall walk the green-wood free."
+
+[Footnote A: _Weird her in a great sin_--Placed her in danger of
+committing a great sin.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Gin_--The slight or trick necessary to open the door, from
+engine.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Wane_--A number of people.]
+
+
+
+THE TWA CORBIES.
+
+
+This poem was communicated to me by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq.
+jun. of Hoddom, as written down, from tradition, by a lady. It is a
+singular circumstance, that it should coincide so very nearly with the
+ancient dirge, called _The Three Ravens_, published by Mr Ritson, in his
+_Ancient Songs;_ and that, at the same time, there should exist such a
+difference, as to make the one appear rather a counterpart than copy of
+the other. In order to enable the curious reader to contrast these two
+singular poems, and to form a judgment which may be the original, I take
+the liberty of copying the English ballad from Mr Ritson's Collection,
+omitting only the burden and repetition of the first line. The learned
+editor states it to be given _"From Ravencroft's Metismata. Musical
+phansies, fitting the cittie and country, humours to 3, 4, and 5
+voyces,_ London, 1611, 4to. It will be obvious (continues Mr Ritson)
+that this ballad is much older, not only than the date of the book, but
+most of the other pieces contained in it." The music is given with the
+words, and is adapted to four voices:
+
+  There were three rauens sat on a tre,
+  They were as blacke as they might be:
+
+  The one of them said to his mate,
+  "Where shall we our breakfast take?"
+
+  "Downe in yonder greene field,
+  "There lies a knight slain under his shield;
+
+  "His hounds they lie downe at his feete,
+  "So well they their master keepe;
+
+  "His haukes they flie so eagerly,
+  "There's no fowle dare come him nie.
+
+  "Down there comes a fallow doe,
+  "As great with yong as she might goe,
+
+  "She lift up his bloudy hed,
+  "And kist his wounds that were so red.
+
+  "She got him up upon her backe,
+  "And carried him to earthen lake.
+
+  "She buried him before the prime,
+  "She was dead her selfe ere euen song time.
+
+  "God send euery gentleman,
+  "Such haukes, such houndes, and such a leman.
+      _Ancient Songs,_ 1792, p. 155.
+
+I have seen a copy of this dirge much modernized.
+
+
+
+THE TWA CORBIES.
+
+
+  As I was walking all alane,
+  I heard twa corbies making a mane;
+  The tane unto the t'other say,
+  "Where sall we gang and dine to-day?"
+
+  "In behint yon auld fail[A] dyke,
+  "I wot there lies a new slain knight;
+  "And nae body kens that he lies there,
+  "But his hawk, his hound, and lady fair.
+
+  "His hound is to the hunting gane,
+  "His hawk to fetch the wild-fowl hame,
+  "His lady's ta'en another mate,
+  "So we may mak our dinner sweet.
+
+  "Ye'll sit on his white hause bane,
+  "And I'll pike out his bonny blue een:
+  "Wi' ae lock o' his gowden hair,
+  "We'll theek[B] our nest when it grows bare.
+
+  "Mony a one for him makes mane,
+  "But nane sall ken whare he is gane:
+  "O'er his white banes, when they are bare,
+  "The wind sall blaw for evermair."
+
+[Footnote A: _Fail_--Turf.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Theek_--Thatch.]
+
+
+
+THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.
+
+
+The ballad of _The Douglas Tragedy_ is one of the few, to which popular
+tradition has ascribed complete locality. The farm of Blackhouse, in
+Selkirkshire, is said to have been the scene of this melancholy
+event. There are the remains of a very ancient tower, adjacent to
+the farmhouse, in a wild and solitary glen, upon a torrent, named
+Douglas-burn, which joins the Yarrow, after passing a craggy rock,
+called the Douglas-craig. This wild scene, now a part of the Traquair
+estate, formed one of the most ancient possessions of the renowned
+family of Douglas; for Sir John Douglas, eldest son of William,
+the first Lord Douglas, is said to have sat, as baronial lord of
+Douglas-burn, during his father's lifetime, in a parliament of Malcolm
+Canmore, held at Forfar.--GODSCROFT, Vol. I. p. 20. The tower appears to
+have been square, with a circular turret at one angle, for carrying up
+the staircase, and for flanking the entrance. It is said to have derived
+its name of Blackhouse from the complexion of the lords of Douglas,
+whose swarthy hue was a family attribute. But, when the high mountains,
+by which it is inclosed, were covered with heather, which was the case
+till of late years, Blackhouse must have also merited its appellation
+from the appearance of the scenery.
+
+From this ancient tower Lady Margaret is said to have been carried by
+her lover. Seven large stones, erected upon the neighbouring heights of
+Blackhouse, are shown, as marking the spot where the seven brethren were
+slain; and the Douglas-burn is averred to have been the stream, at which
+the lovers stopped to drink: so minute is tradition in ascertaining the
+scene of a tragical tale, which, considering the rude state of former
+times, had probably foundation in some real event.
+
+Many copies of this ballad are current among the vulgar, but chiefly in
+a state of great corruption; especially such as have been committed to
+the press in the shape of penny pamphlets. One of these is now before
+me, which, among many others, has the ridiculous error of "_blue gilded_
+horn," for "_bugelet_ horn." The copy, principally used in this edition
+of the ballad, was supplied by Mr Sharpe. The three last verses are
+given from the printed copy, and from tradition. The hackneyed verse, of
+the rose and the briar springing from the grave of the lovers, is common
+to most tragic ballads; but it is introduced into this with singular
+propriety, as the chapel of St Mary, whose vestiges may be still traced
+upon the lake, to which it has given name, is said to have been the
+burial place of Lord William and Fair Margaret. The wrath of the Black
+Douglas, which vented itself upon the brier, far surpasses the usual
+stanza:
+
+  At length came the clerk of the parish,
+    As you the truth shall hear,
+  And by mischance he cut them down,
+    Or else they had still been there.
+
+
+
+THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.
+
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, now, Lord Douglas," she says,
+    "And put on your armour so bright;
+  "Let it never be said, that a daughter of thine
+    "Was married to a lord under night.
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, my seven bold sons,
+    "And put on your armour so bright,
+  "And take better care of your youngest sister,
+    "For your eldest's awa the last night."
+
+  He's mounted her on a milk-white steed,
+    And himself on a dapple grey,
+  With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,
+    And lightly they rode away.
+
+  Lord William lookit o'er his left shoulder,
+    To see what he could see,
+  And there he spy'd her seven brethren bold
+    Come riding over the lee.
+
+  "Light down, light down, Lady Marg'ret," he said,
+    "And hold my steed in your hand,
+  "Until that against your seven brethren bold,
+    "And your father, I mak a stand."
+
+  She held his steed in her milk-white hand,
+    And never shed one tear,
+  Until that she saw her seven brethren fa',
+    And her father hard fighting, who lov'd her so dear.
+
+  "O hold your hand, Lord William!" she said,
+    "For your strokes they are wond'rous sair;
+  "True lovers I can get many a ane,
+    "But a father I can never get mair."
+
+  O she's ta'en out her handkerchief,
+    It was o' the holland sae fine,
+  And ay she dighted her father's bloody wounds,
+    That ware redder than the wine.
+
+  "O chuse, O chuse, Lady Marg'ret," he said,
+    "O whether will ye gang or bide?"
+  "I'll gang, I'll gang, Lord William," she said,
+    "For ye have left me no other guide."
+
+  He's lifted her on a milk-white steed,
+    And himself on a dapple grey,
+  With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,
+    And slowly they baith rade away.
+
+  O they rade on, and on they rade,
+    And a' by the light of the moon,
+  Until they came to yon wan water,
+    And there they lighted down.
+
+  They lighted down to tak a drink
+    Of the spring that ran sae clear;
+  And down the stream ran his gude heart's blood,
+    And sair she gan to fear.
+
+  "Hold up, hold up, Lord William," she says,
+    "For I fear that you are slain!"
+  "'Tis naething but the shadow of my scarlet cloak;
+    "That shines in the water sae plain."
+
+  O they rade on, and on they rade,
+    And a' by the light of the moon,
+  Until they cam' to his mother's ha' door,
+    And there they lighted down.
+
+  "Get up, get up, lady mother," he says,
+    "Get up, and let me in!--
+  "Get up, get up, lady mother," he says,
+    "For this night my fair lady I've win.
+
+  "O mak my bed, lady mother," he says,
+    "O mak it braid and deep!
+  "And lay Lady Marg'ret close at my back,
+    "And the sounder I will sleep."
+
+  Lord William was dead lang ere midnight,
+    Lady Marg'ret lang ere day--
+  And all true lovers that go thegither,
+    May they have mair luck than they!
+
+  Lord William was buried in St Marie's kirk,
+    Lady Margaret in Mary's quire;
+  Out o' the lady's grave grew a bonny red rose,
+    And out o' the knight's a brier.
+
+  And they twa met, and they twa plat,
+    And fain they wad be near;
+  And a' the warld might ken right weel,
+    They were twa lovers dear.
+
+  But bye and rade the Black Douglas,
+    And wow but he was rough!
+  For he pull'd up the bonny brier,
+    And flang'd in St Mary's loch.
+
+
+
+YOUNG BENJIE. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+In this ballad the reader will find traces of a singular superstition,
+not yet altogether discredited in the wilder parts of Scotland. The
+lykewake, or watching a dead body, in itself a melancholy office, is
+rendered, in the idea of the assistants, more dismally awful, by the
+mysterious horrors of superstition. In the interval betwixt death and
+interment, the disembodied spirit is supposed to hover around its mortal
+habitation, and, if invoked by certain rites, retains the power of
+communicating, through its organs, the cause of its dissolution. Such
+enquiries, however are always dangerous, and never to be resorted to
+unless the deceased is suspected to have suffered _foul play_, as it
+is called. It is the more unsafe to tamper with this charm, in an
+unauthorized manner; because the inhabitants of the infernal regions
+are, at such periods, peculiarly active. One of the most potent
+ceremonies in the charm, for causing the dead body to speak, is, setting
+the door ajar, or half open. On this account, the peasants of Scotland
+sedulously avoid leaving the door ajar, while a corpse lies in the
+house. The door must either be left wide open, or quite shut; but the
+first is always preferred, on account of the exercise of hospitality
+usual on such occasions. The attendants must be likewise careful never
+to leave the corpse for a moment alone, or, if it is left alone, to
+avoid, with a degree of superstitious horror, the first sight of it.
+The following story, which is frequently related by the peasants of
+Scotland, will illustrate the imaginary danger of leaving the door ajar.
+In former times, a man and his wife lived in a solitary cottage, on one
+of the extensive border fells. One day, the husband died suddenly; and
+his wife, who was equally afraid of staying alone by the corpse, or
+leaving the dead body by itself, repeatedly went to the door, and
+looked anxiously over the lonely moor, for the sight of some person
+approaching. In her confusion and alarm, she accidentally left the door
+ajar, when the corpse suddenly started up, and sat in the bed, frowning
+and grinning at her frightfully. She sat alone, crying bitterly, unable
+to avoid the fascination of the dead man's eye, and too much terrified
+to break the sullen silence, till a catholic priest, passing over the
+wild, entered the cottage. He first set the door quite open, then put
+his little finger in his mouth, and said the paternoster backwards; when
+the horrid look of the corpse relaxed, it fell back on the bed, and
+behaved itself as a dead man ought to do.
+
+The ballad is given from tradition.
+
+
+
+YOUNG BENJIE.
+
+
+  Of a' the maids o' fair Scotland,
+    The fairest was Marjorie;
+  And young Benjie was her ae true love,
+    And a dear true love was he.
+
+  And wow! but they were lovers dear,
+    And loved fu' constantlie;
+  But ay the mair when they fell out,
+    The sairer was their plea.[A]
+
+  And they hae quarrelled on a day,
+    Till Marjorie's heart grew wae;
+  And she said she'd chuse another luve,
+    And let young Benjie gae.
+
+  And he was stout,[B] and proud-hearted,
+    And thought o't bitterlie;
+  And he's ga'en by the wan moon-light,
+    To meet his Marjorie.
+
+  "O open, open, my true love,
+    "O open, and let me in!"
+  "I dare na open, young Benjie,
+    "My three brothers are within."
+
+  "Ye lied, ye lied, ye bonny burd,
+    "Sae loud's I hear ye lie;
+  "As I came by the Lowden banks,
+    "They bade gude e'en to me.
+
+  "But fare ye weel, my ae fause love,
+    "That I hae loved sae lang!
+  "It sets[C] ye chuse another love,
+    "And let young Benjie gang."
+
+  Then Marjorie turned her round about,
+    The tear blinding her ee,--
+  "I darena, darena, let thee in,
+    "But I'll come down to thee."
+
+  Then saft she smiled, and said to him,
+    "O what ill hae I done?"
+  He took her in his armis twa,
+    And threw her o'er the linn.
+
+  The stream was strang, the maid was stout,
+    And laith laith to be dang,[D]
+  But, ere she wan the Lowden banks,
+    Her fair colour was wan.
+
+  Then up bespak her eldest brother,
+    "O see na ye what I see?"
+  And out then spak her second brother,
+    "Its our sister Marjorie!"
+
+  Out then spak her eldest brother,
+    "O how shall we her ken?"
+  And out then spak her youngest brother,
+    "There's a honey mark on her chin."
+
+  Then they've ta'en up the comely corpse,
+    And laid it on the ground--
+  "O wha has killed our ae sister,
+    "And how can he be found?
+
+  "The night it is her low lykewake,
+    "The morn her burial day,
+  "And we maun watch at mirk midnight,
+    "And hear what she will say."
+
+  Wi' doors ajar, and candle light,
+    And torches burning clear;
+  The streikit corpse, till still midnight,
+    They waked, but naething hear.
+
+  About the middle o' the night.
+    The cocks began to craw;
+  And at the dead hour o' the night,
+    The corpse began to thraw.
+
+  "O wha has done the wrang, sister,
+    "Or dared the deadly sin?
+  "Wha was sae stout, and feared nae dout,
+    "As thraw ye o'er the linn?"
+
+  "Young Benjie was the first ae man
+    "I laid my love upon;
+  "He was sae stout and proud-hearted,
+    "He threw me o'er the linn."
+
+  "Sall we young Benjie head, sister,
+    "Sall we young Benjie hang,
+  "Or sall we pike out his twa gray een,
+    "And punish him ere he gang?"
+
+  "Ye mauna Benjie head, brothers,
+    "Ye mauna Benjie hang,
+  "But ye maun pike out his twa gray een,
+    "And punish him ere he gang.
+
+  "Tie a green gravat round his neck,
+    "And lead him out and in,
+  "And the best ae servant about your house
+    "To wait young Benjie on.
+
+  "And ay, at every seven year's end,
+    "Ye'll tak him to the linn;
+  "For that's the penance he maun drie,
+    "To scug[E] his deadly sin."
+
+[Footnote A: _Plea_--Used obliquely for _dispute_.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Stout_--Through this whole ballad, signifies _haughty_.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Sets ye_--Becomes you--ironical.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Dang_--defeated.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Scug_--shelter or expiate.]
+
+
+
+LADY ANNE.
+
+
+This ballad was communicated to me by Mr Kirkpatrick Sharpe of Hoddom,
+who mentions having copied it from an old magazine. Although it has
+probably received some modern corrections, the general turn seems to
+be ancient, and corresponds with that of a fragment, containing the
+following verses, which I have often heard sung in my childhood:--
+
+  She set her back against a thorn,
+  And there she has her young son borne;
+  "O smile nae sae, my bonny babe!
+  "An ye smile sae sweet, ye'll smile me dead."
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  An' when that lady went to the church,
+  She spied a naked boy in the porch,
+
+  "O bonnie boy, an' ye were mine,
+  "I'd clead ye in the silks sae fine."
+  "O mither dear, when I was thine,
+  "To me ye were na half sae kind."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Stories of this nature are very common in the annals of popular
+superstition. It is, for example, currently believed in Ettrick Forest,
+that a libertine, who had destroyed fifty-six inhabited houses, in order
+to throw the possessions of the cottagers into his estate, and who added
+to this injury, that of seducing their daughters, was wont to commit, to
+a carrier in the neighbourhood, the care of his illegitimate children,
+shortly after they were born. His emissary regularly carried them away,
+but they were never again heard of. The unjust and cruel gains of the
+profligate laird were dissipated by his extravagance, and the ruins of
+his house seem to bear witness to the truth of the rhythmical prophecies
+denounced against it, and still current among the peasantry. He himself
+died an untimely death; but the agent of his amours and crimes survived
+to extreme old age. When on his death-bed, he seemed much oppressed in
+mind, and sent for a clergyman to speak peace to his departing spirit:
+but, before the messenger returned, the man was in his last agony;
+and the terrified assistants had fled from his cottage, unanimously
+averring, that the wailing of murdered infants had ascended from behind
+his couch, and mingled with the groans of the departing sinner.
+
+
+
+LADY ANNE
+
+
+  Fair lady Anne sate in her bower,
+     Down by the greenwood side,
+  And the flowers did spring, and the birds did sing,
+     'Twas the pleasant May-day tide.
+
+  But fair lady Anne on sir William call'd,
+     With the tear grit in her e'e,
+  "O though thou be fause, may heaven thee guard,
+     "In the wars ayont the sea!"
+
+  Out of the wood came three bonnie boys,
+     Upon the simmer's morn,
+  And they did sing, and play at the ba',
+     As naked as they were born.
+
+  "O seven lang year was I sit here,
+     "Amang the frost and snaw,
+  "A' to hae but ane o' these bonnie boys,
+  "A playing at the ba'."
+
+  Then up and spake the eldest boy,
+     "Now listen, thou fair ladie!
+  "And ponder well the read that I tell,
+     "Then make ye a choice of the three.
+
+  "'Tis I am Peter, and this is Paul,
+     "And that are, sae fair to see,
+  "But a twelve-month sinsyne to paradise came,
+     "To join with our companie."
+
+  "O I will hae the snaw-white boy,
+     "The bonniest of the three."
+  "And if I were thine, and in thy propine,[A]
+     "O what wad ye do to me?"
+
+  "'Tis I wad clead thee in silk and gowd,
+     "And nourice thee on my knee."
+  "O mither! mither! when I was thine,
+     "Sic kindness I could na see.
+
+  "Before the turf, where I now stand,
+     "The fause nurse buried me;
+  "Thy cruel penknife sticks still in my heart,
+     "And I come not back to thee."
+
+[Footnote A: _Propine_--Usually gift, but here the power of giving or
+bestowing.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+LORD WILLIAM
+
+
+This ballad was communicated to me by Mr James Hogg; and, although it
+bears a strong resemblance to that of _Earl Richard_, so strong, indeed,
+as to warrant a supposition, that the one has been derived from the
+other, yet its intrinsic merit seems to warrant its insertion. Mr Hogg
+has added the following note, which, in the course of my enquiries, I
+have found most fully corroborated.
+
+"I am fully convinced of the antiquity of this song; for, although much
+of the language seems somewhat modernized, this must be attributed
+to its currency, being much liked, and very much sung, in this
+neighbourhood. I can trace it back several generations, but cannot
+hear of its ever having been in print. I have never heard it with any
+considerable variation, save that one reciter called the dwelling of the
+feigned sweetheart, _Castleswa_."
+
+
+
+LORD WILLIAM
+
+
+  Lord William was the bravest knight
+     That dwait in fair Scotland,
+  And, though renowned in France and Spain,
+     Fell by a ladie's hand.
+
+  As she was walking maid alone,
+    Down by yon shady wood.
+  She heard a smit[A] o' bridle reins,
+    She wish'd might be for good.
+
+  "Come to my arms, my dear Willie,
+     "You're welcome hame to me;
+  "To best o' chear and charcoal red,[B]
+  "And candle burnin' free."
+
+  "I winna light, I darena light,
+     "Nor come to your arms at a';
+  "A fairer maid than ten o' you,
+     "I'll meet at Castle-law."
+
+  "A fairer maid than me, Willie!
+     "A fairer maid than me!
+  "A fairer maid than ten o' me,
+     "Your eyes did never see."
+
+  He louted owr his saddle lap,
+     To kiss her ere they part,
+  And wi' a little keen bodkin,
+     She pierced him to the heart.
+
+  "Ride on, ride on, lord William, now,
+     "As fast as ye can dree!
+  "Your bonny lass at Castle-law
+     "Will weary you to see."
+
+  Out up then spake a bonny bird,
+     Sat high upon a tree,--
+  How could you kill that noble lord?
+     "He came to marry thee."
+
+  "Come down, come down, my bonny bird,
+     "And eat bread aff my hand!
+  "Your cage shall be of wiry goud,
+     "Whar now its but the wand."
+
+  "Keep ye your cage o' goud, lady,
+     "And I will keep my tree;
+  "As ye hae done to lord William.,
+     "Sae wad ye do to me."
+
+  She set her foot on her door step,
+     A bonny marble stane;
+  And carried him to her chamber,
+     O'er him to make her mane.
+
+  And she has kept that good lord's corpse
+     Three quarters of a year,
+  Until that word began to spread,
+     Then she began to fear.
+
+  Then she cried on her waiting maid,
+     Ay ready at her ca';
+  "There is a knight unto my bower,
+     "'Tis time he were awa."
+
+  The ane has ta'en him by the head,
+     The ither by the feet,
+  And thrown him in the wan water,
+     That ran baith wide and deep.
+
+  "Look back, look back, now, lady fair,
+     "On him that lo'ed ye weel!
+  "A better man than that blue corpse
+     "Ne'er drew a sword of steel."
+
+[Footnote A: _Smit_--Clashing noise, from smite--hence also _(perhaps)_
+Smith and Smithy.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Charcoal red_--This circumstance marks the antiquity of
+the poem. While wood was plenty in Scotland, charcoal was the usual fuel
+in the chambers of the wealthy.]
+
+
+
+THE BROOMFIELD HILL.
+
+
+The concluding verses of this ballad were inserted in the copy of
+_Tamlane_, given to the public in the first edition of this work. They
+are now restored to their proper place. Considering how very apt the
+most accurate reciters are to patch up one ballad with verses from
+another, the utmost caution cannot always avoid such errors.
+
+A more sanguine antiquary than the editor might perhaps endeavour to
+identify this poem, which is of undoubted antiquity, with the _"Broom
+Broom on Hill,"_ mentioned by Lane, in his _Progress of Queen Elizabeth
+into Warwickshire_, as forming part of Captain's Cox's collection,
+so much envied by the black-letter antiquaries of the present
+day.--_Dugdale's Warwickshire,_ p. 166. The same ballad is quoted by one
+of the personages, in a "very mery and pythie comedie," called _"The
+longer thou livest, the more fool thou art."_ See Ritson's Dissertation,
+prefixed to _Ancient Songs,_ p. lx. "Brume brume on hill," is also
+mentioned in the _Complayat of Scotland_. See Leyden's edition, p. 100.
+
+
+
+THE BROOMFIELD HILL.
+
+  There was a knight and a lady bright,
+   Had a true tryste at the broom;
+  The ane ga'ed early in the morning,
+   The other in the afternoon.
+
+  And ay she sat in her mother's bower door,
+   And ay she made her mane,
+  "Oh whether should I gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "Or should I stay at hame?
+
+  "For if I gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "My maidenhead is gone;
+  "And if I chance to stay at hame,
+   "My love will ca' me mansworn."
+
+  Up then spake a witch woman,
+   Ay from the room aboon;
+  "O, ye may gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "And yet come maiden hame.
+
+  "For, when ye gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "Ye'll find your love asleep,
+  "With a silver-belt about his head,
+   "And a broom-cow at his feet.
+
+  "Take ye the blossom of the broom,
+   "The blossom it smells sweet,
+  "And strew it at your true love's head,
+   "And likewise at his feet.
+
+  "Take ye the rings off your fingers,
+   "Put them on his right hand,
+  "To let him know, when he doth awake,
+   "His love was at his command."
+
+  She pu'd the broom flower on Hive-hill,
+   And strew'd on's white hals bane,
+  And that was to be wittering true,
+   That maiden she had gane.
+
+  "O where were ye, my milk-white steed,
+   "That I hae coft sae dear,
+  "That wadna watch and waken me,
+   "When there was maiden here?"
+
+  "I stamped wi' my foot, master,
+   "And gar'd my bridle ring;
+  "But na kin' thing wald waken ye,
+   "Till she was past and gane."
+
+  "And wae betide ye, my gay goss hawk,
+   "That I did love sae dear,
+  "That wadna watch and waken me,
+   "When there was maiden here."
+
+  "I clapped wi' my wings, master,
+   "And aye my bells I rang,
+  "And aye cry'd, waken, waken, master,
+   "Before the ladye gang."
+
+  "But haste and haste, my good white steed,
+   "To come the maiden till,
+  "Or a' the birds, of gude green wood,
+   "Of your flesh shall have their fill."
+
+  "Ye need na burst your good white steed,
+   "Wi' racing o'er the howm;
+  "Nae bird flies faster through the wood,
+   "Than she fled through the broom."
+
+
+
+PROUD LADY MARGARET.
+
+
+_This Ballad was communicated to the Editor by Mr_ HAMILTON,
+_Music-seller, Edinburgh, with whose Mother it had been a, favourite.
+Two verses and one line were wanting, which are here supplied from a
+different Ballad, having a plot somewhat similar. These verses are the
+6th and 9th._
+
+
+  'Twas on a night, an evening bright,
+    When the dew began to fa',
+  Lady Margaret was walking up and down,
+    Looking o'er her castle wa'.
+
+  She looked east, and she looked west,
+    To see what she could spy,
+  When a gallant knight came in her sight,
+    And to the gate drew nigh.
+
+  "You seem to be no gentleman,
+    "You wear your boots so wide;
+  "But you seem to be some cunning hunter,
+    "You wear the horn so syde."[A]
+
+  "I am no cunning hunter," he said,
+    "Nor ne'er intend to be;
+  "But I am come to this castle
+    "To seek the love of thee;
+  "And if you do not grant me love,
+    "This night for thee I'll die."
+
+  "If you should die for me, sir knight,
+    "There's few for you will mane,
+  "For mony a better has died for me,
+    "Whose graves are growing green.
+
+  "But ye maun read my riddle," she said,
+    "And answer my questions three;
+  "And but ye read them right," she said,
+    "Gae stretch ye out and die.--
+
+  "Now, what is the flower, the ae first flower,
+   "Springs either on moor or dale?
+  "And what is the bird, the bonnie bonnie bird,
+   "Sings on the evening gale?"
+
+  "The primrose is the ae first flower,
+   "Springs either on moor or dale;
+  "And the thistlecock is the bonniest bird;
+   "Sings on the evening gale."
+
+  "But what's the little coin," she said,
+   "Wald buy my castle bound?
+  "And what's the little boat," she said,
+   "Can sail the world all round?"
+
+  "O hey, how mony small pennies
+   "Make thrice three thousand pound?
+  "Or hey, how mony small fishes
+   "Swim a' the salt sea round."
+
+  "I think you maun be my match," she said,
+   "My match, and something mair;
+  "You are the first e'er got the grant
+   Of love frae my father's heir.
+
+  "My father was lord of nine castles,
+   "My mother lady of three;
+  "My father was lord of nine castles,
+   "And there's nane to heir but me.
+
+  "And round about a' thae castles,
+   "You may baith plow and saw,
+  "And on the fifteenth day of May,
+   "The meadows they will maw."
+
+  "O hald your tongue, lady Margaret," he said,
+   "For loud I hear you lie!
+  "Your father was lord of nine castles,
+   "Your mother was lady of three;
+  "Your father was lord of nine castles,
+   "But ye fa' heir to but three.
+
+  "And round about a' thae castles,
+   "You may baith plow and saw,
+  "But on the fifteenth day of May
+   "The meadows will not maw.
+
+  "I am your brother Willie," he said,
+   "I trow ye ken na me;
+  "I came to humble your haughty heart,
+   "Has gar'd sae mony die."
+
+  "If ye be my brother Willie," she said,
+   "As I trow weel ye be,
+  "This night I'll neither eat nor drink,
+   "But gae alang wi' thee."
+
+  "O hold your tongue, lady Margaret," he said.
+   "Again I hear you lie;
+  "For ye've unwashen hands, and ye've unwashen feet,[B]
+   "To gae to clay wi' me.
+
+  "For the wee worms are my bedfellows,
+   "And cauld clay is my sheets;
+  "And when the stormy winds do blow,
+   "My body lies and sleeps."
+
+[Footnote A: _Syde_--Long or low.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Unwashen hands and unwashen feet_--Alluding to the custom
+of washing and dressing dead bodies.]
+
+
+
+THE ORIGINAL BALLAD OF THE BROOM OF COWDENKNOWS.
+
+
+_The beautiful air of Cowdenknows is well known and popular. In Ettrick
+Forest the following words are uniformly adapted to the tune, and seem
+to be the original ballad. An edition of this pastoral tale, differing
+considerably from the present copy, was published by Mr_ HERD, _in 1772.
+Cowdenknows is situated upon the river Leader, about four miles from
+Melrose, and is now the property of Dr_ HUME.
+
+
+  O the broom, and the bonny bonny broom,
+   And the broom of the Cowdenknows!
+  And aye sae sweet as the lassie sang,
+   I' the bought, milking the ewes.
+
+  The hills were high on ilka side,
+   An' the bought i' the lirk o' the hill,
+  And aye, as she sang, her voice it rang
+   Out o'er the head o' yon hill.
+
+  There was a troop o' gentlemen
+   Came riding merrilie by,
+  And one of them has rode out o' the way,
+   To the bought to the bonny may.
+
+  "Weel may ye save an' see, bonny lass,
+   "An' weel may ye save an' see."
+  "An' sae wi' you, ye weel-bred knight,"
+   "And what's your will wi' me?"
+
+  "The night is misty and mirk, fair may,
+   "And I have ridden astray,
+  "And will ye be so kind, fair may,
+   "As come out and point my way?"
+
+  "Ride out, ride out, ye ramp rider!
+   "Your steed's baith stout and strang;
+  "For out of the bought I dare na come,
+   "For fear 'at ye do me wrang."
+
+  "O winna ye pity me, bonny lass,
+   "O winna ye pity me?
+  "An' winna ye pity my poor steed,
+   "Stands trembling at yon tree?"
+
+  "I wadna pity your poor steed,
+   "Tho' it were tied to a thorn;
+  "For if ye wad gain my love the night,
+   "Ye wad slight me ere the morn.
+
+  "For I ken you by your weel-busked hat,
+   "And your merrie twinkling e'e,
+  "That ye're the laird o' the Oakland hills,
+   "An' ye may weel seem for to be."
+
+  "But I am not the laird o' the Oakland hills,
+   "Ye're far mista'en o' me;
+  "But I'm are o' the men about his house,
+   "An' right aft in his companie."
+
+  He's ta'en her by the middle jimp,
+   And by the grass-green sleeve;
+  He's lifted her over the fauld dyke,
+   And speer'd at her sma' leave.
+
+  O he's ta'en out a purse o' gowd,
+   And streek'd her yellow hair,
+  "Now, take ye that, my bonnie may,
+   "Of me till you hear mair."
+
+  O he's leapt on his berry-brown steed,
+   An' soon he's o'erta'en his men;
+  And ane and a' cried out to him,
+   "O master, ye've tarry'd lang!"
+
+  "O I hae been east, and I hae been west,
+   "An' I hae been far o'er the know,
+  "But the bonniest lass that ever I saw
+   "Is i'the bought milking the ewes."
+
+  She set the cog[A] upon her head,
+   An' she's gane singing hame--
+  "O where hae ye been, my ae daughter?
+   "Ye hae na been your lane."
+
+  "O nae body was wi' me, father,
+   "O nae body has been wi' me;
+  "The night is misty and mirk, father,
+   "Ye may gang to the door and see.
+
+  "But wae be to your ewe-herd, father,
+   "And an ill deed may he die;
+  "He bug the bought at the back o' the know,
+   "And a tod[B] has frighted me.
+
+  "There came a tod to the bought-door,
+   "The like I never saw;
+  "And ere he had tane the lamb he did,
+   "I had lourd he had ta'en them a'."
+
+  O whan fifteen weeks was come and gane,
+   Fifteen weeks and three.
+  That lassie began to look thin and pale,
+   An' to long for his merry twinkling e'e.
+
+  It fell on a day, on a het simmer day,
+   She was ca'ing out her father's kye,
+  By came a troop o' gentlemen,
+   A' merrilie riding bye.
+
+  "Weel may ye save an' see, bonny may,
+   "Weel may ye save and see!
+  "Weel I wat, ye be a very bonny may,
+   "But whae's aught that babe ye are wi'?"
+
+  Never a word could that lassie say,
+   For never a ane could she blame,
+  An' never a word could the lassie say,
+   But "I have a good man at hame."
+
+  "Ye lied, ye lied, my very bonny may,
+   "Sae loud as I hear you lie;
+  "For dinna ye mind that misty night
+   "I was i' the bought wi' thee?
+
+  "I ken you by your middle sae jimp,
+   "An' your merry twinkling e'e,
+  "That ye're the bonny lass i'the Cowdenknow,
+   "An' ye may weel seem for to be."
+
+  Than he's leap'd off his berry-brown steed,
+   An' he's set that fair may on--
+  "Caw out your kye, gude father, yoursell,
+   "For she's never caw them out again.
+
+  "I am the laird of the Oakland hills,
+   "I hae thirty plows and three;
+  "Ah' I hae gotten the bonniest lass
+   "That's in a' the south country.
+
+[Footnote A: _Cog_--Milking-pail.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Tod_--Fox.]
+
+
+
+LORD RANDAL.
+
+
+There is a beautiful air to this old ballad. The hero is more generally
+termed _Lord Ronald;_ but I willingly follow the authority of an Ettrick
+Forest copy for calling him _Randal;_ because, though the circumstances
+are so very different, I think it not impossible, that the ballad may
+have originally regarded the death of Thomas Randolph, or Randal, earl
+of Murray, nephew to Robert Bruce, and governor of Scotland. This great
+warrior died at Musselburgh, 1332, at the moment when his services were
+most necessary to his country, already threatened by an English army.
+For this sole reason, perhaps, our historians obstinately impute his
+death to poison. See _The Bruce_, book xx. Fordun repeats, and Boece
+echoes, this story, both of whom charge the murder on Edward III. But it
+is combated successfully by Lord Hailes, in his _Remarks on the History
+of Scotland_.
+
+The substitution of some venomous reptile for food, or putting it into
+liquor, was anciently supposed to be a common mode of administering
+poison; as appears from the following curious account of the death of
+King John, extracted from a MS. Chronicle of England, _penes_ John
+Clerk, esq. advocate. "And, in the same tyme, the pope sente into
+Englond a legate, that men cald Swals, and he was prest cardinal of
+Rome, for to mayntene King Johnes cause agens the barons of Englond; but
+the barons had so much pte (_poustie_, i.e. power) through Lewys, the
+kinges sone of Fraunce, that King Johne wist not wher for to wend ne
+gone: and so hitt fell, that he wold have gone to Suchold; and as he
+went thedurward, he come by the abbey of Swinshed, and ther he abode II
+dayes. And, as he sate at meat, he askyd a monke of the house, how moche
+a lofe was worth, that was before hym sete at the table? and the monke
+sayd that loffe was worthe bot ane halfpenny. 'O!' quod the kyng, 'this
+is a grette cheppe of brede; now,' said the king, 'and yff I may, such a
+loffe shalle be worth xxd. or half a yer be gone:' and when he said the
+word, muche he thought, and ofte tymes sighed, and nome and ete of the
+bred, and said, 'By Gode, the word that I have spokyn shall be sothe.'
+The monke, that stode befor the kyng, was ful sory in his hert; and
+thought rather he wold himself suffer peteous deth; and thought yff
+he myght ordeyn therfore sum remedy. And anon the monke went unto his
+abbott, and was schryvyd of him, and told the abbott all that the kyng
+said, and prayed his abbott to assoyl him, for he wold gyffe the kyng
+such a wassayle, that all Englond shuld be glad and joyful therof. Tho
+went the monke into a gardene, and fond a tode therin; and toke her upp,
+and put hyr in a cuppe, and filled it with good ale, and pryked hyr in
+every place, in the cuppe, till the venome come out in every place; an
+brought hitt befor the kyng, and knelyd, and said, 'Sir, wassayle; for
+never in your lyfe drancke ye of such a cuppe,' 'Begyne, monke,' quod
+the king; and the monke dranke a gret draute, and toke the kyng the
+cuppe, and the kyng also drank a grett draute, and set downe the
+cuppe.--The monke anon went to the Farmarye, and ther dyed anon, on
+whose soule God have mercy, Amen. And v monkes syng for his soule
+especially, and shall while the abbey stondith. The kyng was anon ful
+evil at ese, and comaunded to remove the table, and askyd after the
+monke; and men told him that he was ded, for his wombe was broke in
+sondur. When the king herd this tidyng, he comaunded for to trusse; but
+all hit was for nought, for his bely began to swelle for the drink that
+he dranke, that he dyed within II dayes, the moro aftur Seynt Luke's
+day."
+
+A different account of the poisoning of King John is given in a MS.
+Chronicle of England, written in the minority of Edward III., and
+contained in the Auchinleck MS. of Edinburgh. Though not exactly to our
+present purpose, the passage is curious, and I shall quote it without
+apology. The author has mentioned the interdict laid on John's kingdom
+by the pope, and continues thus:
+
+  He was ful wroth and grim,
+  For no prest wald sing for him
+  He made tho his parlement,
+  And swore his _croy de verament_,
+  That he shuld make such assaut,
+  To fede all Inglonde with a spand.
+  And eke with a white lof,
+  Therefore I hope[A] he was God-loth.
+  A monk it herd of Swines-heued,
+  And of this wordes he was adred,
+  He went hym to his fere,
+  And seyd to hem in this manner;
+  "The king has made a sori oth,
+  That he schal with a white lof
+  Fede al Inglonde, and with a spand,
+  Y wis it were a sori saut;
+  And better is that we die to,
+  Than al Inglond be so wo.
+  Ye schul for me belles ring,
+  And after wordes rede and sing;
+  So helpe you God, heven king,
+  Granteth me alle now mill asking,
+  And Ichim wil with puseoun slo,
+  Ne schal he never Inglond do wo."
+
+   His brethren him graunt alle his bone.
+  He let him shrive swithe sone,
+  To make his soule fair and cleue,
+  To for our leuedi heven queen,
+  That sche schuld for him be,
+  To for her son in trinité.
+
+   Dansimond zede and gadred frut,
+  For sothe were plommes white,
+  The steles[B] he puld out everichon,
+  Puisoun he dede therin anon,
+  And sett the steles al ogen,
+  That the gile schuld nought be sen.
+  He dede hem in a coupe of gold,
+  And went to the kinges bord;
+  On knes he him sett,
+  The king full fair he grett;
+  "Sir," he said, "by Seynt Austin,
+  This is front of our garden,
+  And gif that your wil be,
+  Assayet herof after me."
+  Dansimoud ete frut, on and on,
+  And al tho other ete King Jon;
+  The monke aros, and went his way,
+  God gif his soule wel gode day;
+  He gaf King Jon ther his puisoun,
+  Himself had that ilk doun,
+  He dede, it is nouther for mirthe ne ond,
+  Bot for to save al Iuglond.
+
+  The King Jon sate at mete,
+  His wombe to wex grete;
+  He swore his oth, _per la croyde_,
+  His wombe wald brest a thre;
+  He wald have risen fram the bord,
+  Ac he spake never more word;
+  Thus ended his time,
+  Y wis he had an evel fine.
+
+[Footnote A: _Hope, for think._]
+
+[Footnote B: _Steles_--Stalks.]
+
+Shakespeare, from such old chronicles, has drawn his authority for the
+last fine scene in _King John_. But he probably had it from Caxton, who
+uses nearly the words of the prose chronicle. Hemingford tells the same
+tale with the metrical historian. It is certain, that John increased the
+flux, of which he died, by the intemperate use of peaches and of ale,
+which may have given rise to the story of the poison.--See MATTHEW
+PARIS.
+
+To return to the ballad: there is a very similar song, in which,
+apparently to excite greater interest in the nursery, the handsome young
+hunter is exchanged for a little child, poisoned by a false step-mother.
+
+
+
+LORD RANDAL.
+
+
+  "O where hae ye been, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "O where hae ye been, my handsome young man?"
+  "I hae been to the wild wood; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "Where gat ye your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "Where gat ye your dinner, my handsome young man?"
+  "I din'd wi' my true-love; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "What gat ye to your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?.
+  "What gat ye to your dinner, my handsome young man?"
+  "I gat eels boil'd in broo'; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "What became of your bloodhounds, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "What became of your bloodhounds, my handsome young man?"
+  "O they swell'd and they died; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "O I fear ye are poison'd, Lord Randal, my son!
+  "O I fear ye are poison'd, my handsome young man!"
+  "O yes! I am poison'd; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wald lie down."
+
+
+
+SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+This ballad is a northern composition, and seems to have been the
+original of the legend called _Sir Aldingar_, which is printed in the
+_Reliques of Antient Poetry_. The incidents are nearly the same in both
+ballads, excepting that, in _Aldingar_, an angel combats for the queen,
+instead of a mortal champion. The names of _Aldingar_ and _Rodingham_
+approach near to each other in sound, though not in orthography, and the
+one might, by reciters, be easily substituted for the other.
+
+The tradition, upon which the ballad is founded, is universally current
+in the Mearns; and the editor is informed, that, till very lately, the
+sword, with which Sir Hugh le Blond was believed to have defended
+the life and honour of the queen, was carefully preserved by his
+descendants, the viscounts of Arbuthnot. That Sir Hugh of Arbuthnot
+lived in the thirteenth century, is proved by his having, in 1282,
+bestowed the patronage of the church of Garvoch upon the monks of
+Aberbrothwick, for the safety of his soul.--_Register of Aberbrothwick,
+quoted by Crawford in Peerage._ But I find no instance in history, in
+which the honour of a queen of Scotland was committed to the chance of
+a duel. It is true, that Mary, wife of Alexander II., was, about 1242,
+somewhat implicated in a dark story, concerning the murder of Patrick,
+earl of Athole, burned in his lodging at Haddington, where he had gone
+to attend a great tournament. The relations of the deceased baron
+accused of the murder Sir William Bisat, a powerful nobleman, who
+appears to have been in such high favour with the young queen, that
+she offered her oath, as a compurgator, to prove his innocence. Bisat
+himself stood upon his defence, and proffered the combat to his
+accusers; but he was obliged to give way to the tide, and was banished
+from Scotland. This affair interested all the northern barons; and it
+is not impossible, that some share, taken in it by this Sir Hugh de
+Arbuthnot, may have given a slight foundation for the tradition of the
+country.--WINTON, B. vii. ch. 9. Or, if we suppose Sir Hugh le Blond
+to be a predecessor of the Sir Hugh who flourished in the thirteenth
+century, he may have been the victor in a duel, shortly noticed as
+having occurred in 1154, when one Arthur, accused of treason, was
+unsuccessful in his appeal to the judgment of God. _Arthurus regem
+Malcolm proditurus duello periit._ Chron. Sanctae Crucis ap. Anglia
+Sacra, Vol. I. p. 161.
+
+But, true or false, the incident, narrated in the ballad, is in the
+genuine style of chivalry. Romances abound with similar instances, nor
+are they wanting in real history. The most solemn part of a knight's
+oath was to defend "all widows, orphelines, and maidens of gude
+fame."[A]--LINDSAY'S _Heraldry, MS._ The love of arms was a real
+passion of itself, which blazed yet more fiercely when united with the
+enthusiastic admiration of the fair sex. The knight of Chaucer exclaims,
+with chivalrous energy,
+
+  To fight for a lady! a benedicite!
+  It were a lusty sight for to see.
+
+It was an argument, seriously urged by Sir John of Heinault, for making
+war upon Edward II., in behalf of his banished wife, Isabella, that
+knights were bound to aid, to their uttermost power, all distressed
+damsels, living without council or comfort.
+
+[Footnote A: Such an oath is still taken by the Knights of the Bath;
+but, I believe, few of that honourable brotherhood will now consider it
+quite so obligatory as the conscientious Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who
+gravely alleges it as a sufficient reason for having challenged divers
+cavaliers, that they had either snatched from a lady her bouquet, or
+ribband, or, by some discourtesy of similar importance, placed her, as
+his lordship conceived, in the predicament of a distressed damozell.]
+
+An apt illustration of the ballad would have been the combat, undertaken
+by three Spanish champions against three Moors of Granada, in defence of
+the honour of the queen of Granada, wife to Mohammed Chiquito, the last
+monarch of that kingdom. But I have not at hand _Las Guerras Civiles
+de Granada_, in which that atchievement is recorded. Raymond Berenger,
+count of Barcelona, is also said to have defended, in single combat, the
+life and honour of the Empress Matilda, wife of the Emperor Henry V.,
+and mother to Henry II. of England.--See ANTONIO ULLOA, _del vero Honore
+Militare_, Venice, 1569.
+
+A less apocryphal example is the duel, fought in 1387, betwixt Jaques le
+Grys and John de Carogne, before the king of France. These warriors were
+retainers of the earl of Alencon, and originally sworn brothers. John de
+Carogne went over the sea, for the advancement of his fame, leaving in
+his castle a beautiful wife, where she lived soberly and sagely. But
+the devil entered into the heart of Jaques le Grys, and he rode, one
+morning, from the earl's house to the castle of his friend, where he was
+hospitably received by the unsuspicious lady. He requested her to
+show him the donjon, or keep of the castle, and in that remote and
+inaccessible tower forcibly violated her chastity. He then mounted his
+horse, and returned to the earl of Alencon within so short a space, that
+his absence had not been perceived. The lady abode within the donjon,
+weeping bitterly, and exclaiming, "Ah Jaques! it was not well done thus
+to shame me! but on you shall the shame rest, if God send my husband
+safe home!" The lady kept secret this sorrowful deed until her husband's
+return from his voyage. The day passed, and night came, and the knight
+went to bed; but the lady would not; for ever she blessed herself,
+and walked up and down the chamber, studying and musing, until her
+attendants had retired; and then, throwing herself on her knees before
+the knight, she shewed him all the adventure. Hardly would Carogne
+believe the treachery of his companion; but, when convinced, he replied,
+"Since it is so, lady, I pardon you; but the knight shall die for this
+villainous deed." Accordingly, Jaques le Grys was accused of the crime,
+in the court of the earl of Alencon. But, as he was greatly loved of
+his lord, and as the evidence was very slender, the earl gave judgment
+against the accusers. Hereupon John Carogne appealed to the parliament
+of Paris; which court, after full consideration, appointed the case to
+be tried by mortal combat betwixt the parties, John Carogne appearing as
+the champion of his lady. If he failed in his combat, then was he to
+be hanged, and his lady burned, as false and unjust calumniators. This
+combat, under circumstances so very peculiar, attracted universal
+attention; in so much, that the king of France and his peers, who were
+then in Flanders, collecting troops for an invasion of England, returned
+to Paris, that so notable a duel might be fought in the royal presence.
+"Thus the kynge, and his uncles, and the constable, came to Parys. Then
+the lystes were made in a place called Saynt Katheryne, behinde the
+Temple. There was soo moche people, that it was mervayle to beholde; and
+on the one side of the lystes there was made gret scaffoldes, that the
+lordes might the better se the batayle of the ii champion; and so they
+bothe came to the felde, armed at all peaces, and there eche of them was
+set in theyr chayre; the erle of Saynt Poule gouverned John of Carongne,
+and the erle of Alanson's company with Jacques le Grys; and when the
+knyght entred in to the felde, he came to his wyfe, who was there
+syttynge in a chayre, covered in blacke, and he sayd to her thus:--Dame,
+by your enformacyon, and in your quarrell, I do put my lyfe in
+adventure, as to fyght with Jacques le Grys; ye knowe, if the cause be
+just and true.'--'Syr,' sayd the lady, 'it is as I have sayd; wherefore
+ye maye fyght surely; the cause is good and true.' With those wordes,
+the knyghte kissed the lady, and toke her by the hande, and then blessyd
+hym, and soo entred into the felde. The lady sate styll in the blacke
+chayre, in her prayers to God, and to the vyrgyne Mary, humbly prayenge
+them, by theyr specyall grace, to send her husbande the victory,
+accordynge to the ryght. She was in gret hevynes, for she was not sure
+of her lyfe; for, if her husbande sholde have ben dyscomfyted, she was
+judged, without remedy, to be brente, and her husbande hanged. I cannot
+say whether she repented her or not, as the matter was so forwarde, that
+both she and her husbande were in grete peryll: howbeit, fynally, she
+must as then abyde the adventure. Then these two champyons were set
+one agaynst another, and so mounted on theyr horses, and behauved them
+nobly; for they knewe what perteyned to deades of armes. There were
+many lordes and knyghtes of Fraunce, that were come thyder to se that
+batayle. The two champyons justed at theyr fyrst metyng, but none of
+them dyd hurte other; and, after the justes, they lyghted on foote to
+periournie theyr batayle, and soo fought valyauntly.--And fyrst, John of
+Carongne was hurt in the thyghe, whereby al his frendes were in grete
+fere; but, after that, he fought so valyauntly, that he bette down his
+adversary to the erthe, and threst his swerde in his body, and soo slewe
+hyrn in the felde; and then he demaunded, if he had done his devoyse or
+not? and they answered, that he had valyauntly atchieved his batayle.
+Then Jacques le Grys was delyuered to the hangman of Parys, and he drewe
+hym to the gybbet of Mountfawcon, and there hanged him up. Then John of
+Carongne came before the kynge, and kneled downe, and the kynge made
+him to stand up before hym; and, the same daye, the kynge caused to
+be delyvred to him a thousande franks, and reteyned him to be of his
+chambre, with a pencyon of ii hundred pounde by yere, durynge the terme
+of his lyfe. Then he thanked the kynge and the lordes, and went to his
+wyfe, and kissed her; and then they wente togyder to the chyrche of our
+ladye, in Parys, and made theyr offerynge, and then retourned to their
+lodgynges. Then this Sir John of Carongne taryed not longe in Fraunce,
+but went, with Syr John Boucequant, Syr John of Bordes, and Syr Loys
+Grat. All these went to se Lamorabaquyn,[A] of whome, in those dayes,
+there was moche spekynge."
+
+[Footnote A: This odd name Froissart gives to the famous Mahomet,
+emperor of Turkey, called the Great.]
+
+Such was the readiness, with which, in those times, heroes put their
+lives in jeopardy, for honour and lady's sake. But I doubt whether the
+fair dames of the present day will think, that the risk of being burned,
+upon every suspicion of frailty, could be altogether compensated by the
+probability, that a husband of good faith, like John de Carogne, or a
+disinterested champion, like Hugh le Blond, would take up the gauntlet
+in their behalf. I fear they will rather accord to the sentiment of the
+hero of an old romance, who expostulates thus with a certain duke:--
+
+  Certes, sir duke, thou doest unright,
+  To make a roast of your daughter bright;
+   I wot you ben unkind.
+      _Amis and Amelion._
+
+I was favoured with the following copy of _Sir Hugh le Blond_, by
+K. Williamson Burnet, Esq. of Monboddo, who wrote it down from the
+recitation of an old woman, long in the service of the Arbuthnot
+family. Of course the diction is very much humbled, and it has, in
+all probability, undergone many corruptions; but its antiquity is
+indubitable, and the story, though indifferently told, is in itself
+interesting. It is believed, that there have been many more verses.
+
+
+
+SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+  The birds sang sweet as ony bell,
+   The world had not their make,
+  The queen she's gone to her chamber,
+   With Rodingham to talk.
+
+  "I love you well, my queen, my dame,
+   "'Bove land and rents so clear
+  "And for the love of you, my queen,
+   "Would thole pain most severe."
+
+  "If well you love me, Rodingham,
+   "I'm sure so do I thee:
+  "I love you well as any man,
+   "Save the king's fair bodye."
+
+  "I love you well, my queen, my dame;
+   "'Tis truth that I do tell:
+  "And for to lye a night with you,
+   "The salt seas I would sail."
+
+  "Away, away, O Rodingham!
+   "You are both stark and stoor;
+  "Would you defile the king's own bed,
+   "And make his queen a whore?
+
+  "To-morrow you'd be taken sure,
+   "And like a traitor slain;
+  "And I'd be burned at a stake,
+   "Altho' I be the queen."
+
+  He then stepp'd out at her room-door,
+   All in an angry mood;
+  Until he met a leper-man,
+   Just by the hard way-side.
+
+  He intoxicate the leper-man
+   With liquors very sweet;
+  And gave him more and more to drink,
+   Until he fell asleep.
+
+  He took him in his arms two,
+   And carried him along,
+  Till he came to the queen's own bed,
+   And there he laid him down.
+
+  He then stepp'd out of the queen's bower,
+   As switt as any roe,
+  Till he came to the very place
+   Where the king himself did go.
+
+  The king said unto Rodingham,
+   "What news have you to me?"
+  He said, "Your queen's a false woman,
+   "As I did plainly see."
+
+  He hasten'd to the queen's chamber,
+   So costly and so fine,
+  Untill he came to the queen's own bed,
+   Where the leper-man was lain.
+
+  He looked on the leper-man,
+   Who lay on his queen's bed;
+  He lifted up the snaw-white sheets,
+   And thus he to him said:
+
+  "Plooky, plooky,[A] are your cheeks,
+   "And plooky is your chin,
+  "And plooky are your arms two
+   "My bonny queen's layne in.
+
+  "Since she has lain into your arms,
+   "She shall not lye in mine;
+  "Since she has kiss'd your ugsome mouth,
+   "She never shall kiss mine."
+
+  In anger he went to the queen,
+   Who fell upon her knee;
+  He said, "You false, unchaste woman,
+   "What's this you've done to me?"
+
+  The queen then turn'd herself about,
+   The tear blinded her e'e--
+  There's not a knight in all your court
+   "Dare give that name to me."
+
+  He said, "'Tis true that I do say;
+   "For I a proof did make:
+  "You shall be taken from my bower,
+   "And burned at a stake.
+
+  "Perhaps I'll take my word again,
+   "And may repent the same,
+  "If that you'll get a Christian man
+   "To fight that Rodingham."
+
+  "Alas! alas!" then cried our queen,
+   "Alas, and woe to me!
+  "There's not a man in all Scotland
+   "Will fight with him for me."
+
+  She breathed unto her messengers,
+   Sent them south, east, and west;
+  They could find none to fight with him,
+   Nor enter the contest.
+
+  She breathed on her messengers,
+   She sent them to the north;
+  And there they found Sir Hugh le Blond,
+   To fight him he came forth.
+
+  When unto him they did unfold
+   The circumstance all right,
+  He bade them go and tell the queen,
+   That for her he would fight.
+
+  The day came on that was to do
+   That dreadful tragedy;
+  Sir Hugh le Blond was not come up
+   To fight for our lady.
+
+  "Put on the fire," the monster said;
+   "It is twelve on the bell!"
+  "Tis scarcely ten, now," said the king;
+   "I heard the clock mysell."
+
+  Before the hour the queen is brought,
+   The burning to proceed;
+  In a black velvet chair she's set,
+   A token for the dead.
+
+  She saw the flames ascending high,
+   The tears blinded her e'e:
+  "Where is the worthy knight," she said,
+   "Who is to fight for me?"
+
+  Then up and spake the king himsel,
+   "My dearest, have no doubt,
+  "For yonder comes the man himsel,
+   "As bold as ere set out."
+
+  They then advanced to fight the duel
+   With swords of temper'd steel,
+  Till down the blood of Rodingham
+   Came running to his heel.
+
+  Sir Hugh took out a lusty sword,
+   'Twas of the metal clear;
+  And he has pierced Rodingham
+   Till's heart-blood did appear.
+
+  "Confess your treachery, now," he said,
+   "This day before you die!"
+  "I do confess my treachery,
+   "I shall no longer lye:
+
+  "I like to wicked Haman am,
+   "This day I shall be slain."
+  The queen was brought to her chamber
+   A good woman again.
+
+  The queen then said unto the king,
+   "Arbattle's near the sea;
+  "Give it unto the northern knight,
+   "That this day fought for me."
+
+  Then said the king, "Come here, sir knight,
+   "And drink a glass of wine;
+  "And, if Arbattle's not enough,
+   "To it we'll Fordoun join."
+
+[Footnote A: _Plooky_--Pimpled.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+  _Until he met a leper-man. &c._--P. 268. v. 4.
+
+Filth, poorness of living, and the want of linen, made this horrible
+disease formerly very common in Scotland. Robert Bruce died of the
+leprosy; and, through all Scotland, there were hospitals erected for
+the reception of lepers, to prevent their mingling with the rest of the
+community.
+
+  _"It is twelve on the bell!"
+  "Tis scarcely ten, now," said the king, &c._--P. 272. v. 2.
+
+In the romance of Doolin, called _La Fleur des Battailles_, a false
+accuser discovers a similar impatience to hurry over the execution,
+before the arrival of the lady's champion:--_"Ainsi comme Herchambaut
+vouloit jetter la dame dedans le feu, Sanxes de Clervaut va a lui, si
+lui dict; 'Sire Herchambaut, vous estes trop a blasmer; car vous ne
+devez mener ceste chose que par droit ainsi qu'il est ordonnè; je veux
+accorder que ceste dame ait un vassal qui la diffendra contre vous et
+Drouart, car elle n'a point de coulpe en ce que l'accusez; si la devez
+retarder jusque a midy, pour scavoir si un bon chevalier l'a viendra
+secourir centre vous et Drouart."_--Cap. 22.
+
+  _"And, if Arbattle's not enough,
+  "To it we'll Fordoun join."_--P. 274. v. 1.
+
+Arbattle is the ancient name of the barony of Arbuthnot. Fordun has long
+been the patrimony of the same family.
+
+
+
+GRAEME AND BEWICK.
+
+
+The date of this ballad, and its subject, are uncertain. From internal
+evidence, I am inclined to place it late in the sixteenth century. Of
+the Graemes enough is elsewhere said. It is not impossible, that such
+a clan, as they are described, may have retained the rude ignorance
+of ancient border manners to a later period than their more inland
+neighbours; and hence the taunt of old Bewick to Graeme. Bewick is an
+ancient name in Cumberland and Northumberland. The ballad itself was
+given, in the first edition, from the recitation of a gentleman, who
+professed to have forgotten some verses. These have, in the present
+edition, been partly restored, from a copy obtained by the recitation of
+an ostler in Carlisle, which has also furnished some slight alterations.
+
+The ballad is remarkable, as containing, probably, the very latest
+allusion to the institution of brotherhood in arms, which was held so
+sacred in the days of chivalry, and whose origin may be traced up to the
+Scythian ancestors of Odin. Many of the old romances turn entirely upon
+the sanctity of the engagement, contracted by the _freres d'armes_. In
+that of _Amis and Amelion_, the hero slays his two infant children, that
+he may compound a potent salve with their blood, to cure the leprosy of
+his brother in arms. The romance of _Gyron le Courtois_ has a similar
+subject. I think the hero, like Graeme in the ballad, kills himself, out
+of some high point of honour towards his friend.
+
+The quarrel of the two old chieftains, over their wine, is highly in
+character. Two generations have not elapsed since the custom of drinking
+deep, and taking deadly revenge for slight offences, produced very
+tragical events on the border; to which the custom of going armed to
+festive meetings contributed not a little. A minstrel, who flourished
+about 1720, and is often talked of by the old people, happened to be
+performing before one of these parties, when they betook themselves to
+their swords. The cautious musician, accustomed to such scenes, dived
+beneath the table. A moment after, a man's hand, struck off with a
+back-sword, fell beside him. The minstrel secured it carefully in
+his pocket, as he would have done any other loose moveable; sagely
+observing, the owner would miss it sorely next morning. I chuse rather
+to give this ludicrous example, than some graver instances of bloodshed
+at border orgies. I observe it is said, in a MS. account of Tweeddale,
+in praise of the inhabitants, that, "when they fall in the humour of
+good fellowship, they use it as a cement and bond of society, and not
+to foment revenge, quarrels, and murders, which is usual in other
+countries;" by which we ought, probably, to understand Selkirkshire and
+Teviotdale.--_Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+
+
+GRAEME AND BEWICK.
+
+
+  Gude lord Graeme is to Carlisle gane;
+   Sir Robert Bewick there met he;
+  And arm in arm to the wine they did go,
+   And they drank till they were baith merrie.
+
+  Gude lord Graeme has ta'en up the cup,
+   "Sir Robert Bewick, and here's to thee!
+  "And here's to our twae sons at hame!
+   "For they like us best in our ain countrie."
+
+  "O were your son a lad like mine,
+   "And learn'd some books that he could read,
+  "They might hae been twae brethren bauld,
+   "And they might hae bragged the border side."
+
+  "But your son's a lad, and he is but bad,
+   "And billie to my son he canna be;
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Ye sent him to the schools, and he wadna learn;
+   "Ye bought him books, and he wadna read."
+  "But my blessing shall he never earn,
+   "Till I see how his arm can defend his head."
+
+  Gude lord Graeme has a reckoning call'd,
+   A reckoning then called he;
+  And he paid a crown, and it went roun';
+   It was all for the gude wine and free.[A]
+
+  And he has to the stable gaen,
+   Where there stude thirty steeds and three;
+  He's ta'en his ain horse amang them a',
+   And hame he' rade sae manfullie.
+
+  "Wellcome, my auld father!" said Christie Graeme,
+   "But where sae lang frae hame were ye?"
+  "It's I hae been at Carlisle town,
+   "And a baffled man by thee I be.
+
+  "I hae been at Carlisle town,
+   "Where Sir Robert Bewick he met me;
+  "He says ye're a lad, and ye are but bad,
+   "And billie to his son ye canna be.
+
+  "I sent ye to the schools, and ye wadna learn;
+   "I bought ye books, and ye wadna read;
+  "Therefore, my blessing ye shall never earn,
+   "Till I see with Bewick thou save thy head."
+
+  "Now, God forbid, my auld father,
+   "That ever sic a thing suld be!
+  "Billie Bewick was my master, and I was his scholar,
+   "And aye sae weel as he learned me."
+
+  "O hald thy tongue, thou limmer lown,
+   "And of thy talking let me be!
+  "If thou does na end me this quarrel soon,
+   "There is my glove I'll fight wi' thee."
+
+  Then Christie Graeme he stooped low
+   Unto the ground, you shall understand;--
+  "O father, put on your glove again,
+   "The wind has blown it from your hand."
+
+  "What's that thou says, thou limmer loun?
+   "How dares thou stand to speak to me?
+  "If thou do not end this quarrel soon,
+   "There's my right hand thou shalt fight with me."
+
+  Then Christie Graeme's to his chamber gane,
+   To consider weel what then should be;
+  Whether he suld fight with his auld father
+   Or with his billie Bewick, he.
+
+  "If I suld kill my billie dear,
+   "God's blessing I sall never win;
+  "But if I strike at my auld father,
+   "I think 'twald be a mortal sin.
+
+  "But if I kill my billie dear,
+   "It is God's will! so let it be.
+  "But I make a vow, ere I gang frae hame,
+   "That I shall be the next man's die."
+
+  Then he's put on's back a good ould jack,
+   And on his head a cap of steel,
+  And sword and buckler by his side;
+   O gin he did not become them weel!
+
+  We'll leave off talking of Christie Graeme,
+   And talk of him again belive;
+  And we will talk of bonnie Bewick,
+   Where he was teaching his scholars five.
+
+  When he had taught them well to fence,
+   And handle swords without any doubt;
+  He took his sword under his arm,
+   And he walked his father's close about.
+
+  He looked atween him and the sun,
+   And a' to see what there might be,
+  Till he spied a man, in armour bright,
+   Was riding that way most hastilie.
+
+  "O wha is yon, that came this way,
+   "Sae hastilie that hither came?
+  "I think it be my brother dear;
+   "I think it be young Christie Graeme."
+
+  "Ye're welcome here, my billie dear,
+   "And thrice you're welcome unto me!"
+  "But I'm wae to say, I've seen the day,
+   "When I am come to fight with thee.
+
+  "My father's gane to Carlisle town,
+   "Wi' your father Bewick there met he;
+  "He says I'm a lad, and I am but bad,
+   "And a baffled man I trow I be.
+
+  "He sent me to schools, and I wadna learn;
+   "He gae me books, and I wadna read;
+  "Sae my father's blessing I'll never earn,
+   "Till he see how my arm can guard my head."
+
+  "O God forbid, my billie dear,
+   "That ever such a thing suld be!
+  "We'll take three men on either side,
+   "And see if we can our fathers agree."
+
+  "O hald thy tongue, now, billie Bewick,
+   "And of thy talking let me be!
+  "But if thou'rt a man, as I'm sure thou art,
+   "Come o'er the dyke, and fight wi' me."
+
+  "But I hae nae harness, billie, on my back,
+   "As weel I see there is on thine."
+  "But as little harness as is on thy back,
+   "As little, billie, shall be on mine."
+
+  Then he's thrown aff his coat of mail,
+   His cap of steel away flung he;
+  He stuck his spear into the ground,
+   And he tied his horse unto a tree.
+
+  Then Bewick has thrown aff his cloak,
+   And's psalter-book frae's hand flung he;
+  He laid his hand upon the dyke,
+   And ower he lap most manfullie.
+
+  O they hae fought for twae lang hours;
+   When twae lang hours were come and gane,
+  The sweat drapped fast frae aff them baith,
+   But a drap of blude could not be seen.
+
+  Till Graeme gae Bewick an ackward[B] stroke,
+   Ane ackward stroke, strucken sickerlie;
+  He has hit him under the left breast,
+   And dead-wounded to the ground fell he.
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, now, hillie dear!
+   "Arise, and speak three words to me!--
+  "Whether thou'se gotten thy deadly wound,
+   "Or if God and good leaching may succour thee?"
+
+  "O horse, O horse, now billie Graeme,
+    "And get thee far from hence with speed;
+  "And get thee out of this country,
+    "That none may know who has done the deed."
+
+  "O I have slain thee, billie Bewick,
+    "If this be true thou tellest to me;
+  "But I made a vow, ere I came frae hame,
+    "That aye the next man I wad be."
+
+  He has pitched his sword in a moodie-hill,[C]
+    And he has leap'd twentie lang feet and three,
+  And on his ain sword's point he lap,
+    And dead upon the grund fell he.
+
+  'Twas then came up Sir Robert Bewick,
+    And his brave son alive saw he;
+  "Rise up, rise up, my son," he said,
+    "For I think ye hae gotten the victorie."
+
+  "O hald your tongue, my father dear!
+    "Of your prideful talking let me be!
+  "Ye might hae drunken your wine in peace,
+    "And let me and my billie be.
+
+  "Gae dig a grave, baith wide and deep,
+   "A grave to hald baith him and me;
+  "But lay Christie Graeme on the sunny side,
+   "For I'm sure he wan the victorie."
+
+  "Alack! a wae!" auld Bewick cried,
+   "Alack! was I not much to blame!
+  "I'm sure I've lost the liveliest lad
+   "That e'er was born unto my name."
+
+  "Alack! a wae!" quo' gude Lord Graeme,
+   "I'm sure I hae lost the deeper lack!
+  "I durst hae ridden the Border through,
+   "Had Christie Graeme been at my back.
+
+  "Had I been led through Liddesdale,
+   "And thirty horsemen guarding me,
+  "And Christie Gramme been at my back,
+   "Sae soon as he had set me free!
+
+  "I've lost my hopes, I've lost my joy,
+   "I've lost the key but and the lock;
+  "I durst hae ridden the world round,
+   "Had Christie Graeme been at my back."
+
+[Footnote A: The ostler's copy reads very characteristically-- "It was
+all for good wine and _hay_."]
+
+[Footnote B: _Ackward_--Backward.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Moodie-hill_--Mole-hill.]
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART. IN TWO PARTS.
+
+
+Duels, as may be seen from the two preceding ballads, are derived from
+the times of chivalry. They succeeded to the _combat at outrance_,
+about the end of the sixteenth century; and, though they were no longer
+countenanced by the laws, nor considered a solemn appeal to the Deity,
+nor honoured by the presence of applauding monarchs and multitudes, yet
+they were authorised by the manners of the age, and by the applause of
+the fair.[A] They long continued, they even yet continue, to be appealed
+to, as the test of truth; since, by the code of honour, every gentleman
+is still bound to repel a charge of falsehood with the point of his
+sword, and at the peril of his life. This peculiarity of manners, which
+would have surprised an ancient Roman, is obviously deduced from the
+Gothic ordeal of trial by combat. Nevertheless, the custom of duelling
+was considered, at its first introduction, as an innovation upon the law
+of arms; and a book, in two huge volumes, entituled _Le vrai Theatre
+d' Honneur et de la Chivalerie_, was written by a French nobleman,
+to support the venerable institutions of chivalry against this
+unceremonious mode of combat. He has chosen for his frontispiece two
+figures; the first represents a conquering knight, trampling his enemy
+under foot in the lists, crowned by Justice with laurel, and preceded by
+Fame, sounding his praises. The other figure presents a duellist, in
+his shirt, as was then the fashion (see the following ballad), with his
+bloody rapier in his hand: the slaughtered combatant is seen in the
+distance, and the victor is pursued by the Furies. Nevertheless, the
+wise will make some scruple, whether, if the warriors were to change
+equipments, they might not also exchange their emblematic attendants.
+The modern mode of duel, without defensive armour, began about the reign
+of Henry III. of France, when the gentlemen of that nation, as we learn
+from Davila, began to lay aside the cumbrous lance and cuirass, even in
+war. The increase of danger being supposed to contribute to the increase
+of honour, the national ardour of the french gallants led them early to
+distinguish themselves by neglect of every thing, that could contribute
+to their personal safety. Hence, duels began to be fought by the
+combatants in their shirts, and with the rapier only. To this custom
+contributed also the art of fencing, then cultivated as a new study in
+Italy and Spain, by which the sword became, at once, an offensive and
+defensive weapon. The reader will see the new "science of defence," as
+it was called, ridiculed by Shakespeare, in _Romeo and Juliet_, and
+by Don Quevedo, in some of his novels. But the more ancient customs
+continued for some time to maintain their ground. The sieur Colombiere
+mentions two gentlemen, who fought with equal advantage for a whole day,
+in all the panoply of chivalry, and, the next day, had recourse to the
+modern mode of combat. By a still more extraordinary mixture of ancient
+and modern fashions, two combatants on horseback ran a tilt at each
+other with lances, without any covering but their shirts.
+
+[Footnote A: "All things being ready for the ball, and every one being
+in their place, and I myself being next to the queen (of France),
+expecting when the dancers would come in, one knockt at the door
+somewhat louder than became, as I thought, a very civil person. When he
+came in, I remember there was a sudden whisper among the ladies, saying,
+'C'est Monsieur Balagny,' or, 'tis Monsieur Balagny; whereupon, also,
+I saw the ladies and gentlewomen, one after another, invite him to sit
+near them; and, which is more, when one lady had his company a while,
+another would say, 'you have enjoyed him long enough; I must have him
+now;' at which bold civility of theirs, though I were astonished, yet it
+added unto my wonder, that his person could not be thought, at most, but
+ordinary handsome; his hair, which was cut very short, half grey, his
+doublet but of sackcloth, cut to his shirt, and his breeches only of
+plain grey cloth. Informing myself of some standers by who he was, I was
+told he was one of the gallantest men in the world, as having killed
+eight or nine men in single fight; and that, for this reason, the ladies
+made so much of him; it being the manner of all French women to cherish
+gallant men, as thinking they could not make so much of any one else,
+with the safety of their honour."--_Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,_
+p. 70. How near the character of the duellist, originally, approached to
+that of the knight-errant, appears from a transaction, which took place
+at the siege of Juliers, betwixt this Balagny and Lord Herbert. As
+these two noted duellists stood together in the trenches, the Frenchman
+addressed Lord Herbert: _"Monsieur, on dit que vous etes un des plus
+braves de votre nation, et je suis Balagny; allons voir qui fera le
+mieux."_ With these words, Balagny jumped over the trench, and Herbert
+as speedily following, both ran sword in hand towards the defences
+of the besieged town, which welcomed their approach with a storm of
+musquetry and artillery. Balagny then observed, this was hot service;
+but Herbert swore, he would not turn back first; so the Frenchman was
+finally fain to set him the example or retreat. Notwithstanding the
+advantage which he had gained over Balagny, in this "jeopardy of war,"
+Lord Herbert seems still to have grudged that gentleman's astonishing
+reputation; for he endeavoured to pick a quarrel with him, on the
+romantic score of the worth of their mistresses; and, receiving a
+ludicrous answer, told him, with disdain, that he spoke more like a
+_palliard_ than a _cavalier_. From such instances the reader may judge,
+whether the age of chivalry did not endure somewhat longer than is
+generally supposed.]
+
+When armour was laid aside, the consequence was, that the first duels
+were very sanguinary, terminating frequently in the death of one, and
+sometimes, as in the ballad, of both persons engaged. Nor was this all:
+The seconds, who had nothing to do with the quarrel, fought stoutly,
+_pour se desennuyer_, and often sealed with their blood their friendship
+for their principal. A desperate combat, fought between Messrs Entraguet
+and Caylus, is said to have been the first, in which this fashion of
+promiscuous fight was introduced. It proved fatal to two of Henry the
+Third's minions, and extracted from that sorrowing monarch an edict
+against duelling, which was as frequently as fruitlessly renewed by his
+successors. The use of rapier and poniard together,[A] was another cause
+of the mortal slaughter in these duels, which were supposed, in the
+reign of Henry IV., to have cost France at least as many of her nobles
+as had fallen in the civil wars. With these double weapons, frequent
+instances occurred, in which a duellist, mortally wounded, threw himself
+within his antagonist's guard, and plunged his poniard into his heart.
+Nay, sometimes the sword was altogether abandoned for the more sure
+and murderous dagger. A quarrel having arisen betwixt the vicompte d'
+Allemagne and the sieur de la Roque, the former, alleging the youth and
+dexterity of his antagonist, insisted upon fighting the duel in their
+shirts, and with their poniards only; a desperate mode of conflict,
+which proved fatal to both. Others refined even upon this horrible
+struggle, by chusing for the scene a small room, a large hogshead, or,
+finally, a hole dug in the earth, into which the duellists descended, as
+into a certain grave.--Must I add, that even women caught the phrenzy,
+and that duels were fought, not only by those whose rank and character
+rendered it little surprising, but by modest and well-born maidens!
+_Audiguier Traité de Duel. Theatre D' Honneur,_ Vol. I.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: It appears from a line in the black-letter copy of the
+following ballad, that Wharton and Stuart fought with rapier and dagger:
+
+  With that stout Wharton was the first
+  Took _rapier_ and _poniard_ there that day.
+      _Ancient Songs,_ 1792, p. 204.]
+
+[Footnote B: This folly ran to such a pitch, that no one was thought
+worthy to be reckoned a gentleman, who had not tried his valour in at
+least one duel; of which Lord Herbert gives the following instance:--A
+young gentleman, desiring to marry a niece of Monsieur Disaucour,
+_ecuyer_ to the duke de Montmorenci, received this answer: "Friend, it
+is not yet time to marry; if you will be a brave man, you must first
+kill, in single combat, two or three men; then marry, and get two or
+three children; otherwise the world will neither have gained or lost by
+you." HERBERT'S _Life_, p. 64.]
+
+We learn, from every authority, that duels became nearly as common in
+England, after the accession of James VI., as they had ever been in
+France. The point of honour, so fatal to the gallants of the age, was no
+where carried more highly than at the court of the pacific _Solomon_
+of Britain. Instead of the feudal combats, upon the _Hie-gate of
+Edinburgh_, which had often disturbed his repose at Holy-rood, his
+levees, at Theobald's, were occupied with listening to the detail of
+more polished, but not less sanguinary, contests. I rather suppose, that
+James never was himself disposed to pay particular attention to the laws
+of the _duello;_ but they were defined with a quaintness and pedantry,
+which, bating his dislike to the subject, must have deeply interested
+him. The point of honour was a science, which a grown gentleman might
+study under suitable professors, as well as dancing, or any other
+modish accomplishment. Nay, it would appear, that the ingenuity of
+the _sword-men_ (so these military casuists were termed) might often
+accommodate a bashful combatant with an honourable excuse for declining
+the combat:
+
+   --Understand'st them well nice points of duel?
+  Art born of gentle blood and pure descent?
+  Were none of all thy lineage hang'd, or cuckold?
+  Bastard or bastinadoed? Is thy pedigree
+  As long, as wide as mine? For otherwise
+  Thou wert most unworthy; and 'twere loss of honour
+  In me to fight. More: I have drawn five teeth--
+  If thine stand sound, the terms are much unequal;
+  And, by strict laws of duel, I am excused
+  To fight on disadvantage.--
+      _Albumazar,_ Act IV. Sc. 7.
+
+In Beaumont and Fletcher's admirable play of _A King and no King_, there
+is some excellent mirth at the expence of the professors of the point of
+honour.
+
+But, though such shifts might occasionally be resorted to by the
+faint-hearted, yet the fiery cavaliers of the English court were but
+little apt to profit by them; though their vengeance for insulted honour
+sometimes vented itself through fouler channels than that of fair combat
+It happened, for example, that Lord Sanquhar, a Scottish nobleman, in
+fencing with a master of the noble science of defence, lost his eye by
+an unlucky thrust. The accident was provoking, but without remedy; nor
+did Lord Sanquhar think of it, unless with regret, until some years
+after, when he chanced to be in the French court. Henry the Great
+casually asked him, how he lost his eye? "By the thrust of a sword,"
+answered Lord Sanquhar, not caring to enter into particulars. The king,
+supposing the accident the consequence of a duel, immediately enquired,
+"Does the man yet live?" These few words set the blood of the Scottish
+nobleman on fire; nor did he rest till he had taken the base vengeance
+of assassinating, by hired ruffians, the unfortunate fencing-master. The
+mutual animosity betwixt the English and Scottish nations, had already
+occasioned much bloodshed among the gentry, by single combat; and James
+now found himself under the necessity of making a striking example of
+one of his Scottish nobles, to avoid the imputation of the grossest
+partiality. Lord Sanquhar was condemned to be hanged, and suffered that
+ignominious punishment accordingly.
+
+By a circuitous route, we are now arrived at the subject of our ballad;
+for, to the tragical duel of Stuart and Wharton, and to other instances
+of bloody combats and brawls betwixt the two nations, is imputed James's
+firmness in the case of Lord Sanquhar.
+
+"For Ramsay, one of the king's servants, not long before Sanquhar's
+trial, had switched the earl of Montgomery, who was the king's first
+favourite, happily because he tooke it so. Maxwell, another of them, had
+bitten Hawley, a gentleman of the Temple, by the ear, which enraged the
+Templars (in those times riotous, and subject to tumults), and brought
+it allmost to a national quarrel, till the king slept in, and took it up
+himself.--The Lord Bruce had summoned Sir Edward Sackville (afterward
+earl of Dorset), into France, with a fatal compliment, to take death
+from his hand.[A] _And the much lamented Sir James Stuart, one of the
+king's blood, and Sir George Wharton, the prime branch of that noble
+family, for little worthless punctilios of honor (being intimate
+friends), took the field, and fell together by each others
+hand."_--WILSON'S Life of James VI. p. 60.
+
+[Footnote A: See an account of this desperate duel in the _Guardian_.]
+
+The sufferers in this melancholy affair were both men of high birth, the
+heirs apparent of two noble families, and youths of the most promising
+expectation. Sir James Stuart was a knight of the Bath, and eldest
+son of Walter, first lord Blantyre, by Nicolas, daughter of Sir James
+Somerville, of Cambusnethan. Sir George Wharton was also a knight of the
+Bath, and eldest son of Philip, lord Wharton, by Frances, daughter of
+Henry Clifford, earl of Cumberland. He married Anne, daughter of the
+earl of Rutland, but left no issue.
+
+The circumstances of the quarrel and combat are accurately detailed in
+the ballad, of which there exists a black-letter copy in the Pearson
+Collection, now in the library of the late John duke of Roxburghe,
+entitled, "A Lamentable Ballad, of a Combate, lately fought, near
+London, between Sir James Stewarde, and Sir George Wharton, knights,
+who were both slain at that time.--To the tune of, _Down Plumpton Park,
+&c_." A copy of this ballad has been published in Mr Ritson's _Ancient
+Songs_, and, upon comparison, appears very little different from that
+which has been preserved by tradition in Ettrick Forest. Two verses have
+been added, and one considerably improved, from Mr Ritson's edition.
+These three stanzas are the fifth and ninth of Part First, and the
+penult verse of Part Second. I am thus particular, that the reader may
+be able, if he pleases, to compare the traditional ballad with the
+original edition. It furnishes striking evidence, that, "without
+characters, fame lives long." The difference, chiefly to be remarked
+betwixt the copies, lies in the dialect, and in some modifications
+applicable to Scotland; as, using the words _"Our Scottish Knight."_
+The black-letter ballad, in like manner, terms Wharton _"Our English
+Knight."_ My correspondent, James Hogg, adds the following note to this
+ballad: "I have heard this song sung by several old people; but all
+of them with this tradition, that Wharton bribed Stuart's second, and
+actually fought in armour. I acknowledge, that, from some dark hints in
+the song, this appears not impossible; but, that you may not judge
+too rashly, I must remind you, that the old people, inhabiting the
+head-lands (high grounds) hereabouts, although possessed of many
+original songs, traditions, and anecdotes, are most unreasonably partial
+when the valour or honour of a Scotsman is called in question." I
+retain this note, because it is characteristic; but I agree with my
+correspondent, there can be no foundation for the tradition, except in
+national partiality.
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.
+
+PART FIRST.
+
+
+  It grieveth me to tell you o'
+   Near London late what did befal,
+  'Twixt two young gallant gentlemen;
+   It grieveth me, and ever shall.
+
+  One of them was Sir George Wharton,
+   My good Lord Wharton's son and heir;
+  The other, James Stuart, a Scottish knight,
+   One that a valiant heart did bear.
+
+  When first to court these nobles came,
+   One night, a gaining, fell to words;
+  And in their fury grew so hot,
+   That they did both try their keen swords.
+
+  No manner of treating, nor advice,
+   Could hold from striking in that place;
+  For, in the height and heat of blood,
+   James struck George Wharton on the face.
+
+  "What doth this mean," George Wharton said,
+   "To strike in such unmanly sort?
+  "But, that I take it at thy hands,
+   "The tongue of man shall ne'er report!"
+
+  "But do thy worst, then," said Sir James,
+   "Now do thy worst! appoint a day!
+  "There's not a lord in England breathes
+   "Shall gar me give an inch of way."
+
+  "Ye brag right weel," George Wharton said;
+   "Let our brave lords at large alane,
+  "And speak of me, that am thy foe;
+   "For you shall find enough o' ane!
+
+  "I'll alterchange my glove wi' thine;
+   "I'll show it on the bed o' death;
+  "I mean the place where we shall fight;
+   "There ane or both maun lose life and breath!"
+
+  "We'll meet near Waltham," said Sir James;
+   "To-morrow, that shall be the day.
+  "We'll either take a single man,
+   "And try who bears the bell away."
+
+  Then down together hands they shook,
+   Without any envious sign;
+  Then went to Ludgate, where they lay,
+   And each man drank his pint of wine.
+
+  No kind of envy could be seen,
+   No kind of malice they did betray;
+  But a' was clear and calm as death,
+   Whatever in their bosoms lay,
+
+  Till parting time; and then, indeed,
+   They shew'd some rancour in their heart;
+  "Next time we meet," says George Wharton,
+   "Not half sae soundly we shall part!"
+
+  So they have parted, firmly bent
+   Their valiant minds equal to try:
+  The second part shall clearly show,
+   Both how they meet, and how they dye.
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+  George Wharton was the first ae man,
+   Came to the appointed place that day,
+  Where he espyed our Scots lord coming,
+   As fast as he could post away.
+
+  They met, shook hands; their cheeks were pale;
+   Then to George Wharton James did say,
+  "I dinna like your doublet, George,
+   "It stands sae weel on you this day.
+
+  "Say, have you got no armour on?
+   "Have ye no under robe of steel?
+  "I never saw an English man
+   "Become his doublet half sae weel."
+
+  "Fy no! fy no!" George Wharton said,
+   "For that's the thing that mauna be,
+  "That I should come wi' armour on,
+   "And you a naked man truly."
+
+  "Our men shall search our doublets, George,
+   "And see if one of us do lie;
+  "Then will we prove, wi' weapons sharp,
+   "Ourselves true gallants for to be."
+
+  Then they threw off their doublets both,
+   And stood up in their sarks o' lawn;
+  "Now, take my counsel," said Sir James,
+   "Wharton, to thee I'll make it knawn:
+
+  "So as we stand, so will we fight;
+   "Thus naked in our sarks," said he;
+  "Fy no! fy no!" George Wharton says;
+   "That is the thing that must not be.
+
+  "We're neither drinkers, quarrellers,
+   "Nor men that cares na for oursel;
+  "Nor minds na what we're gaun about,
+   "Or if we're gaun to heav'n or hell.
+
+  "Let us to God bequeath our souls,
+   "Our bodies to the dust and clay!"
+  With that he drew his deadly sword,
+   The first was drawn on field that day.
+
+  Se'en bouts and turns these heroes had,
+   Or e'er a drop o' blood was drawn;
+  Our Scotch lord, wond'ring, quickly cry'd,
+   "Stout Wharton! thou still hauds thy awn!"
+
+  The first stroke that George Wharton gae,
+   He struck him thro' the shoulder-bane;
+  The neist was thro' the thick o' the thigh;
+   He thought our Scotch lord had been slain.
+
+  "Oh! ever alak!" George Wharton cry'd,
+   "Art thou a living man, tell me?
+  "If there's a surgeon living can,
+   "He'se cure thy wounds right speedily."
+
+  "No more of that!" James Stuart said;
+   "Speak not of curing wounds to me!
+  "For one of us must yield our breath,
+   "Ere off the field one foot we flee."
+
+  They looked oure their shoulders both,
+   To see what company was there;
+  They both had grievous marks of death,
+   But frae the other nane wad steer.
+
+  George Wharton was the first that fell;
+   Our Scotch lord fell immediately:
+  They both did cry to Him above,
+   To save their souls, for they boud die.
+
+
+
+THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.
+
+
+This fragment, obtained from recitation in the Forest of Ettrick, is
+said to relate to the execution of Cokburne of Henderland, a border
+freebooter, hanged over the gate of his own tower by James V., in the
+course of that memorable expedition, in 1529, which was fatal to Johnie
+Armstrang, Adam Scott of Tushielaw, and many other marauders. The
+vestiges of the castle of Henderland are still to be traced upon the
+farm of that name, belonging to Mr Murray of Henderland. They are
+situated near the mouth of the river Meggat, which falls into the lake
+of St Mary, in Selkirkshire. The adjacent country, which now hardly
+bears a single tree, is celebrated by Lesly, as, in his time, affording
+shelter to the largest stags in Scotland. A mountain torrent, called
+Henderland Burn, rushes impetuously from the hills, through a rocky
+chasm, named the Dow-glen, and passes near the site of the tower. To the
+recesses of this glen the wife of Cokburne is said to have retreated,
+during the execution of her husband; and a place, called the _Lady's
+Seat_, is still shewn, where she is said to have striven to drown, amid
+the roar of a foaming cataract, the tumultuous noise, which announced
+the close of his existence. In a deserted burial-place, which once
+surrounded the chapel of the castle, the monument of Cokburne and his
+lady is still shewn. It is a large stone, broken into three parts; but
+some armorial bearings may be yet traced, and the following inscription
+is still legible, though defaced:
+
+HERE LYES PERYS OF COKBURNE AND HIS WYFE MARJORY.
+
+Tradition says, that Cokburne was surprised by the king, while sitting
+at dinner. After the execution, James marched rapidly forward, to
+surprise Adam Scott of Tushielaw, called the King of the Border, and
+sometimes the King of Thieves. A path through the mountains, which
+separate the vale of Ettrick from the head of Yarrow, is still called
+the _King's Road_, and seems to have been the rout which he followed.
+The remains of the tower of Tushielaw are yet visible, overhanging the
+wild banks of the Ettrick; and are an object of terror to the benighted
+peasant, from an idea of their being haunted by spectres. From these
+heights, and through the adjacent county of Peebles, passes a wild path,
+called still the _Thief's Road_, from having been used chiefly by the
+marauders of the border.
+
+
+
+THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.
+
+
+  My love he built me a bonny bower,
+  And clad it a' wi' lilye flour;
+  A brawer bower ye ne'er did see,
+  Than my true love he built for me.
+
+  There came a man, by middle day,
+  He spied his sport, and went away;
+  And brought the king that very night,
+  Who brake my bower, and slew my knight.
+
+  He slew my knight, to me sae dear;
+  He slew my knight, and poin'd[A] his gear;
+  My servants all for life did flee,
+  And left me in extremitie.
+
+  I sew'd his sheet, making my mane;
+  I watched the corpse, myself alane;
+  I watched his body, night and day;
+  No living creature came that way.
+
+  I took his body on my back,
+  And whiles I gaed, and whiles I satte;
+  I digg'd a grave, and laid him in,
+  And happ'd him with the sod sae green.
+
+  But think na ye my heart was sair,
+  When I laid the moul on his yellow hair?
+  O think na ye my heart was wae,
+  When I turn'd about, away to gae?
+
+  Nae living man I'll love again,
+  Since that my lovely knight is slain;
+  Wi' ae lock of his yellow hair
+  I'll chain my heart for evermair.
+
+[Footnote A: _Poin'd_--Poinded, attached by legal distress.]
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN OF KIRCONNELL.
+
+
+The following very popular ballad has been handed down by tradition in
+its present imperfect state. The affecting incident, on which it is
+founded, is well known. A lady, of the name of Helen Irving, or Bell,[A]
+(for this is disputed by the two clans) daughter of the laird of
+Kirconnell, in Dumfries-shire, and celebrated for her beauty, was
+beloved by two gentlemen in the neighbourhood. The name of the favoured
+suitor was Adam Fleming, of Kirkpatrick; that of the other has escaped
+tradition; though it has been alleged, that he was a Bell, of Blacket
+House. The addresses of the latter were, however, favoured by the
+friends of the lady, and the lovers were therefore obliged to meet in
+secret, and by night, in the church-yard of Kirconnell, a romantic spot,
+surrounded by the river Kirtle. During one of those private interviews,
+the jealous and despised lover suddenly appeared on the opposite bank of
+the stream, and levelled his carabine at the breast of his rival. Helen
+threw herself before her lover, received in her bosom the bullet, and
+died in his arms. A desperate and mortal combat ensued between Fleming
+and the murderer, in which the latter was cut to pieces. Other accounts
+say, that Fleming pursued his enemy to Spain, and slew him in the
+streets of Madrid.
+
+[Footnote A: This dispute is owing to the uncertain date of the ballad;
+for, although the last proprietors if Kirconnell were Irvings, when
+deprived of their possession by Robert Maxwell in 1600, yet Kirconnell
+is termed in old chronicles _The Bell's Tower;_ and a stone, with the
+arms of that family, has been found among its ruins. Fair Helen's
+sirname, therefore, depends upon the period at which she lived, which it
+is now impossible to ascertain.]
+
+The ballad, as now published, consists of two parts. The first seems to
+be an address, either by Fleming or his rival, to the lady; if, indeed,
+it constituted any portion of the original poem. For the editor cannot
+help suspecting, that these verses have been the production of a
+different and inferior bard, and only adapted to the original measure
+and tune. But this suspicion, being unwarranted by any copy he has been
+able to procure, he does not venture to do more than intimate his own
+opinion. The second part, by far the most beautiful, and which is
+unquestionably original, forms the lament of Fleming over the grave of
+fair Helen.
+
+The ballad is here given, without alteration or improvement, from the
+most accurate copy which could be recovered. The fate of Helen has not,
+however, remained unsung by modern bards. A lament, of great poetical
+merit, by the learned historian Mr Pinkerton, with several other poems
+on this subject, have been printed in various forms.
+
+The grave of the lovers is yet shewn in the church-yard of Kirconnell,
+near Springkell. Upon the tomb-stone can still be read--_Hie jacet
+Adamus Fleming;_ a cross and sword are sculptured on the stone. The
+former is called, by the country people, the gun with which Helen was
+murdered; and the latter, the avenging sword of her lover. _Sit illis
+terra levis!_ A heap of stones is raised on the spot where the murder
+was committed; a token of abhorrence common to most nations.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: This practice has only very lately become obsolete in
+Scotland. The editor remembers, that, a few years ago, a cairn was
+pointed out to him in the King's Park of Edinburgh, which had been
+raised in detestation of a cruel murder, perpetrated by one Nicol
+Muschet, on the body of his wife, in that place, in the year 1720.]
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN.
+
+PART FIRST.
+
+
+  O! sweetest sweet, and fairest fair,
+  Of birth and worth beyond compare,
+  Thou art the causer of my care,
+  Since first I loved thee.
+
+  Yet God hath given to me a mind,
+  The which to thee shall prove as kind
+  As any one that thou shalt find,
+  Of high or low degree.
+
+  The shallowest water makes maist din,
+  The deadest pool the deepest linn.
+  The richest man least truth within,
+  Though he preferred be.
+
+  Yet, nevertheless, I am content,
+  And never a whit my love repent,
+  But think the time was a' weel spent,
+   Though I disdained be.
+
+  O! Helen sweet, and maist complete,
+  My captive spirit's at thy feet!
+  Thinks thou still fit thus for to treat
+   Thy captive cruelly?
+
+  O! Helen brave! but this I crave,
+  Of thy poor slave some pity have,
+  And do him save that's near his grave,
+   And dies for love of thee.
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN.
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+  I wish I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  O that I were where Helen lies,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee!
+
+  Curst be the heart, that thought the thought,
+  And curst the hand, that fired the shot,
+  When in my arms burd[A] Helen dropt,
+   And died to succour me!
+
+  O think na ye my heart was sair,
+  When my love dropt down and spak nae mair!
+  There did she swoon wi' meikle care,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  As I went down the water side,
+  None but my foe to be my guide.
+  None but my foe to be my guide,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I lighted down, my sword did draw,
+  I hacked him in pieces sma,
+  I hacked him in pieces sma,
+   For her sake that died for me.
+
+  O Helen fair, beyond compare!
+  I'll make a garland of thy hair,
+  Shall bind my heart for evermair,
+   Untill the day I die.
+
+  O that I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  Out of my bed she bids me rise,
+   Says, "haste, and come to me!"
+
+  O Helen fair! O Helen chaste!
+  If I were with thee I were blest,
+  Where thou lies low, and takes thy rest,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I wish my grave were growing green,
+  A winding sheet drawn ower my een,
+  And I in Helen's arms lying,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I wish I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  And I am weary of the skies,
+   For her sake that died for me.
+
+[Footnote A: _Burd Helen_--Maid Helen.]
+
+
+
+HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+The Graemes, as we have had frequent occasion to notice, were a powerful
+and numerous clan, who chiefly inhabited the Debateable Land. They were
+said to be of Scottish extraction, and their chief claimed his descent
+from Malice, earl of Stratherne. In military service, they were more
+attached to England than to Scotland; but, in their depredations on both
+countries, they appear to have been very impartial; for, in the year
+1600, the gentlemen of Cumberland alleged to Lord Scroope, "that the
+Graemes, and their clans, with their children, tenants, and servants,
+were the chiefest actors in the spoil and decay of the country."
+Accordingly, they were, at that time, obliged to give a bond of surety
+for each other's peaceable demeanour; from which bond, their numbers
+appear to have exceeded four hundred men.--See _Introduction to_
+NICOLSON'S _History of Cumberland,_ p. cviii.
+
+Richard Graeme, of the family of Netherbye, was one of the attendants
+upon Charles I., when prince of Wales, and accompanied him upon his
+romantic journey through France and Spain. The following little
+anecdote, which then occurred, will shew, that the memory of the
+Graemes' border exploits was at that time still preserved.
+
+"They were now entered into the deep time of Lent, and could get no
+flesh in their inns. Whereupon fell out a pleasant passage, if I may
+insert it, by the way, among more serious. There was, near Bayonne,
+a herd of goats, with their young ones; upon the sight whereof, Sir
+Richard Graham tells the marquis (of Buckingham), that he would snap one
+of the kids, and make some shift to carry him snug to their lodging.
+Which the prince overhearing, 'Why, Richard,' says he, 'do you think you
+may practise here your old tricks upon the borders?' Upon which words,
+they, in the first place, gave the goat-herd good contentment; and then,
+while the marquis and Richard, being both on foot, were chasing the kid
+about the stack, the prince, from horseback, killed him in the head,
+with a Scottish pistol.--Which circumstance, though trifling, may yet
+serve to shew how his Royal Highness, even in such slight and sportful
+damage, had a noble sense of just dealing."--_Sir_ HENRY WOTTON'S _Life
+of the Duke of Buckingham._
+
+I find no traces of this particular Hughie Graeme, of the ballad; but,
+from the mention of the _Bishop_, I suspect he may have been one, of
+about four hundred borderers, against whom bills of complaint were
+exhibited to Robert Aldridge, lord bishop of Carlisle, about 1553, for
+divers incursions, burnings, murders, mutilations, and spoils, by them
+committed.--NICHOLSON'S _History, Introduction_, lxxxi. There appear
+a number of Graemes, in the specimen which we have of that list of
+delinquents. There occur, in particular,
+
+  Ritchie Grame of Bailie,
+  Will's Jock Grame,
+  Fargue's Willie Grame,
+  Muckle Willie Grame,
+  Will Grame of Rosetrees,
+  Ritchie Grame, younger of Netherby,
+  Wat Grame, called Flaughtail,
+  Will Grame, Nimble Willie,
+  Will Grahame, Mickle Willie,
+
+with many others.
+
+In Mr Ritson's curious and valuable collection of legendary poetry,
+entitled _Ancient Songs_, he has published this Border ditty, from a
+collation of two old black-letter copies, one in the collection of the
+late John duke of Roxburghe, and another in the hands of John Bayne,
+Esq.--The learned editor mentions another copy, beginning, "Good Lord
+John is a hunting gone." The present edition was procured for me by
+my friend Mr W. Laidlaw, in Blackhouse, and has been long current in
+Selkirkshire. Mr Ritson's copy has occasionally been resorted to for
+better readings.
+
+
+
+HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+  Gude Lord Scroope's to the hunting gane,
+   He has ridden o'er moss and muir;
+  And he has grippit Hughie the Graeme,
+   For stealing o' the Bishop's mare.
+
+  "Now, good Lord Scroope, this may not be!
+   "Here hangs a broad sword by my side;
+  "And if that thou canst conquer me,
+   "The matter it may soon be tryed."
+
+  "I ne'er was afraid of a traitor thief;
+   "Although thy name be Hughie the Graeme,
+  "I'll make thee repent thee of thy deeds,
+   "If God but grant me life and time."
+
+  "Then do your worst now, good Lord Scroope,
+   "And deal your blows as hard as you can!
+  "It shall be tried, within an hour,
+   "Which of us two is the better man."
+
+  But as they were dealing their blows so free,
+   And both so bloody at the time,
+  Over the moss came ten yeomen so tall,
+   All for to take brave Hughie the Graeme.
+
+  Then they hae grippit Hughie the Graeme,
+   And brought him up through Carlisle town;
+  The lasses and lads stood on the walls,
+   Crying, "Hughie the Graeme, thou'se ne'er gae down!"
+
+  Then hae they chosen a jury of men,
+   The best that were in Carlisle[A] town;
+  And twelve of them cried out at once,
+   "Hughie the Graeme, thou must gae down!"
+
+  Then up bespake him gude Lord Hume,[B]
+   As he sat by the judge's knee,--
+  "Twentie white owsen, my gude lord,
+   "If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me."
+
+  "O no, O no, my gude Lord Hume!
+   "For sooth and sae it manna be;
+  "For, were there but three Graemes of the name,
+   "They suld be hanged a' for me."
+
+  'Twas up and spake the gude Lady Hume,
+   As she sate by the judge's knee,--
+  A peck of white pennies, my gude lord judge,
+   "If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me."
+
+  "O no, O no, my gude Lady Hume!
+   "Forsooth and so it mustna be;
+  "Were he but the one Graeme of the name,
+   "He suld be hanged high for me."
+
+  "If I be guilty," said Hughie the Graeme,
+   "Of me my friends shall hae small talk;"
+  And he has loup'd fifteen feet and three,
+   Though his hands they were tied behind his back.
+
+  He looked over his left shoulder,
+   And for to see what he might see;
+  There was he aware of his auld father,
+   Came tearing his hair most piteouslie.
+
+  "O hald your tongue, my father," he says,
+   "And see that ye dinna weep for me!
+  "For they may ravish me o' my life,
+   "But they canna banish me fro' heaven hie.'
+
+  "Fare ye weel, fair Maggie, my wife!
+   "The last time we came ower the muir,
+  "'Twas thou bereft me of my life,
+   "And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.
+
+  "Here, Johnie Armstrang, take thou my sword,
+   "That is made o' the metal sae fine;
+  "And when thou comest to the English[C] side,
+   "Remember the death of Hughie the Graeme."
+
+
+[Footnote A: _Garlard_--Anc. Songs.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Boles_--Anc. Songs.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Border_--Anc, Songs.]
+
+
+
+NOTE ON HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+_And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore._--P. 326, v. 9.
+
+Of the morality of Robert Aldridge, bishop of Carlisle, we know but
+little; but his political and religious faith were of a stretching and
+accommodating texture. Anthony a Wood observes, that there were many
+changes in his time, both in church and state; but that the worthy
+prelate retained his offices and preferments during them all.
+
+
+
+JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.
+
+AN ANCIENT NITHESDALE BALLAD.
+
+
+The hero of this ballad appears to have been an outlaw and
+deer-stealer--probably one of the broken men residing upon the border.
+There are several different copies, in one of which the principal
+personage is called _Johnie of Cockielaw_. The stanzas of greatest merit
+have been selected from each copy. It is sometimes said, that this
+outlaw possessed the old castle of Morton, in Dumfries-shire, now
+ruinous:--"Near to this castle there was a park, built by Sir Thomas
+Randolph, on the face of a very great and high hill; so artificially,
+that, by the advantage of the hill, all wild beasts, such as deers,
+harts, and roes, and hares, did easily leap in, but could not get out
+again; and if any other cattle, such as cows, sheep, or goats, did
+voluntarily leap in, or were forced to do it, _it is doubted_ if their
+owners were permitted to get them out again."--_Account of Presbytery
+of Penpont, apud Macfarlane's MSS._ Such a park would form a convenient
+domain to an outlaw's castle, and the mention of Durrisdeer, a
+neighbouring parish, adds weight to the tradition. I have seen, on a
+mountain near Callendar, a sort of pinfold, composed of immense rocks,
+piled upon each other, which, I was told, was anciently constructed for
+the above-mentioned purpose. The mountain is thence called _Uah var_, or
+the _Cove of the Giant_.
+
+
+
+JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.
+
+AN ANCIENT NITHISDALE BALLAD.
+
+
+  Johnie rose up in a May morning,
+   Called for water to wash his hands--
+  "Gar loose to me the gude graie dogs
+   "That are bound wi' iron bands,"
+
+  When Johnie's mother gat word o' that,
+   Her hands for dule she wrang--
+  "O Johnie! for my benison,
+   "To the grenewood dinna gang!
+
+  "Eneugh ye hae o' the gude wheat bread,
+   "And eneugh o' the blude-red wine;
+  "And, therefore, for nae venison, Johnie,
+   "I pray ye, stir frae hame."
+
+  But Johnie's busk't up his gude bend bow,
+   His arrows, ane by ane;
+  And he has gane to Durrisdeer
+   To hunt the dun deer down.
+
+  As he came down by Merriemass,
+   And in by the benty line,
+  There has he espied a deer lying
+   Aneath a bush of ling.[A]
+
+  Johnie he shot, and the dun deer lap,
+   And he wounded her on the side;
+  But, atween the water and the brae,
+   His hounds they laid her pride.
+
+  And Johnie has bryttled[B] the deer sae weel,
+   That he's had out her liver and lungs;
+  And wi' these he has feasted his bludy hounds,
+   As if they had been erl's sons.
+
+  They eat sae much o' the venison,
+   And drank sae much o' the blude,
+  That Johnie and a' his bludy hounds
+   Fell asleep, as they had been dead.
+
+  And by there came a silly auld carle,
+   An ill death mote he die!
+  For he's awa to Hislinton,
+   Where the Seven Foresters did lie.
+
+  "What news, what news, ye gray-headed carle,
+   "What news bring ye to me?"
+  "I bring nae news," said the gray-headed carle,
+   "Save what these eves did see.
+
+  "As I came down by Merriemass,
+   "And down amang the scroggs,[C]
+  "The bonniest childe that ever I saw
+   "Lay sleeping amang his dogs.
+
+  "The shirt that was upon his back
+   "Was o' the Holland fine;
+  "The doublet which was over that
+   "Was o' the lincome twine.
+
+  "The buttons that were on his sleeve
+   "Were o' the goud sae gude;
+  "The gude graie hounds he lay amang,
+   "Their months were dyed wi' blude."
+
+  Then out and spak the First Forester,
+   The held man ower them a'--
+  If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,
+   "Nae nearer will we draw."
+
+  But up and spak the Sixth Forester,
+   (His sister's son was he)
+  "If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,
+   "We soon snall gar him die!"
+
+  The first flight of arrows the Foresters shot,
+   They wounded him on the knee;
+  And out and spak the Seventh Forester,
+   "The next will gar him die."
+
+  Johnie's set his back against an aik,
+     His fute against a stane;
+    And he has slain the Seven Foresters,
+     He has slam them a' but ane.
+
+    He has broke three ribs in that ane's side,
+     But and his collar bane;
+    He's laid him twa-fald ower his steed,
+     Bade him cany the tidings hame.
+
+    "O is there na a bonnie bird,
+     "Can sing as I can say;
+    "Could flee away to my mother's bower,
+     "And tell to fetch Johnie away?"
+
+    The starling flew to his mother's window stane,
+     It whistled and it sang;
+    And aye the ower word o' the tune
+     Was--"Johnie tarries lang!"
+
+  They made a rod o the hazel bush,
+   Another o' the slae-thorn tree,
+  And mony mony were the men
+   At fetching our Johnie.
+
+  Then out and spak his auld mother,
+   And fast her tears did fa'--
+  "Ye wad nae be warned, my son Johnie,
+   "Frae the hunting to bide awa.
+
+  "Aft hae I brought to Breadislee,
+   "The less gear[D] and the mair,
+  "But I ne'er brought to Breadislee,
+   "What grieved my heart sae sair!
+
+  "But wae betyde that silly auld carle!
+   "An ill death shall he die!
+  "For the highest tree in Merriemass
+   "Shall be his morning's fee."
+
+  Now Johnie's gude bend bow is broke,
+   And his gude graie dogs are slain;
+  And his body lies dead in Durrisdeer,
+   And his hunting it is done.
+
+[Footnote A: _Ling_--Heath.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Brytlled_--To cut up venison. See the ancient ballad of
+_Chevy Chace_, v. 8.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Scroggs_--Stunted trees.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Gear_--Usually signifies _goods_, but here _spoil_.]
+
+
+
+KATHERINE JANFARIE.
+
+
+_The Ballad was published in the first edition of this work, under the
+title of_ "The Laird of Laminton." _It is now given in a more perfect
+state, from several recited copies. The residence of the Lady, and the
+scene of the affray at her bridal, is said, by old people, to have been
+upon the banks of the Cadden, near to where it joins the Tweed. Others
+say the skirmish was fought near Traquair, and_ KATHERINE JANFARIE'S
+_dwelling was in the glen, about three miles above Traquair house._
+
+
+  There was a may, and a weel far'd may.,
+   Lived high up in yon glen;
+  Her name was Katherine Janfarie,
+   She was courted by mony men.
+
+  Up then came Lord Lauderdale,
+   Up frae the Lawland border;
+  And he has come to court this may,
+   A' mounted in good order.
+
+  He told na her father, he told na her mother,
+   And he told na ane o' her kin;
+  But he whisper'd the bonnie lassie hersel',
+   And has her favour won.
+
+  But out then cam Lord Lochinvar,
+   Out frae the English border,
+  All for to court this bonnie may,
+   Weil mounted, and in order.
+
+  He told her father, he told her mother,
+   And a' the lave o' her kin;
+  But he told na the bonnie may hersel',
+   Till on her wedding e'en.
+
+  She sent to the Lord of Lauderdale,
+   Gin he wad come and see;
+  And he has sent word back again,
+   Weel answered she suld be.
+
+  And he has sent a messenger
+   Right quickly through the land,
+  And raised mony an armed man
+   To be at his command.
+
+  The bride looked out at a high window,
+   Beheld baith dale and down,
+  And she was aware of her first true love,
+   With riders mony a one.
+
+  She scoffed him, and scorned him,
+   Upon her wedding day;
+  And said--"It was the Fairy court
+   "To see him in array!
+
+  "O come ye here to fight, young lord,
+   "Or come ye here to play?
+  "Or come ye here to drink good wine
+   "Upon the wedding day?"
+
+  "I come na here to fight," he said,
+   "I come na here to play;
+  "I'll but lead a dance wi' the bonnie bride,
+   "And mount and go my way."
+
+  It is a glass of the blood-red wine
+   Was filled up them between,
+  And aye she drank to Lauderdale,
+   Wha her true love had been.
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+   And by the grass-green sleeve;
+  He's mounted her hie behind himsell,
+   At her kinsmen spear'd na leave.
+
+  "Now take your bride, Lord Lochinvar!
+   "Now take her if you may!
+  "But, if you take your bride again,
+   "We'll call it but foul play."
+
+  There were four-and-twenty bonnie boys,
+   A' clad in the Johnstone grey;[A]
+  They said they would take the bride again,
+   By the strong hand, if they may.
+
+  Some o' them were right willing men,
+   But they were na willing a';
+  And four-and-twenty Leader lads
+   Bid them mount and ride awa'.
+
+  Then whingers flew frae gentles' sides,
+   And swords flew frae the shea's,
+  And red and rosy was the blood
+   Ran down the lily braes.
+
+  The blood ran down by Caddon bank,
+   And down by Caddon brae;
+  And, sighing, said the bonnie bride--
+   "O waes me for foul play!"
+
+  My blessing on your heart, sweet thing!
+   Wae to your willfu' will!
+  There's mony a gallant gentleman
+   Whae's blude ye have garr'd to spill.
+
+  Now a' you lords of fair England,
+   And that dwell by the English border,
+  Come never here to seek a wife,
+   For fear of sic disorder.
+
+  They'll haik ye up, and settle ye bye,
+   Till on your wedding day;
+  Then gie ye frogs instead of fish,
+   And play ye foul foul play.
+
+[Footnote A: _Johnstone grey_--The livery of the ancient family of
+Johnstone.]
+
+
+
+THE LAIRD O' LOGIE
+
+
+An edition of this ballad is current, under the title of "The Laird of
+Ochiltree;" but the editor, since publication of this work, has been
+fortunate enough to recover the following more correct and ancient copy,
+as recited by a gentleman residing near Biggar. It agrees more nearly,
+both in the name and in the circumstances, with the real fact, than the
+printed ballad of Ochiltree.
+
+In the year 1592, Francis Stuart, earl of Bothwell, was agitating his
+frantic and ill-concerted attempts against the person of James VI.,
+whom he endeavoured to surprise in the palace of Falkland. Through the
+emulation and private rancour of the courtiers, he found adherents even
+about the king's person; among whom, it seems, was the hero of our
+ballad, whose history is thus narrated in that curious and valuable
+chronicle, of which the first part has been published under the title
+of "The Historie of "King James the Sext," and the second is now in the
+press.
+
+"In this close tyme it fortunit, that a gentelman, callit Weymis of
+Logye, being also in credence at court, was delatit as a traffekker with
+Frances Erle Bothwell; and he being examinat before king and counsall,
+confessit his accusation to be of veritie, that sundrie tymes he had
+spokin with him, expresslie aganis the king's inhibitioun proclamit in
+the contrare, whilk confession he subscryvit with his hand; and because
+the event of this mater had sik a succes, it sall also be praysit be
+my pen, as a worthie turne, proceiding frome honest chest loove and
+charitie, whilk suld on na wayis be obscurit from the posteritie for the
+gude example; and therefore I have thought gude to insert the same for a
+perpetual memorie.
+
+"Queen Anne, our noble princess, was servit with dyverss gentilwemen
+of hir awin cuntrie, and naymelie with are callit Mres Margaret
+Twynstoun,[A] to whome this gentilman, Weymes of Logye, bure great
+honest affection, tending to the godlie band of marriage, the whilk was
+honestlie requytet be the said gentilwoman, yea evin in his greatest
+mister; for howsone she understude the said gentilman to be in distress,
+and apperantlie be his confession to be puueist to the death, and she
+having prevelege to ly in the queynis chalmer that same verie night of
+his accusation, whare the king was also reposing that same night, she
+came forth of the dur prevelie, bayth the prencis being then at quyet
+rest, and past to the chalmer, whare the said gentilman was put
+in custodie to certayne of the garde, and commandit thayme that
+immediatelie he sould be broght to the king and queyne, whareunto thay
+geving sure credence, obeyit. Bot howsone she was cum bak to the chalmer
+dur, she desyrit the watches to stay till he sould cum furth agayne, and
+so she closit the dur, and convoyit the gentilman to a windo', whare she
+ministrat a long corde unto him to convoy himself doun upon; and sa,
+be hir gude cheritable help, he happelie escapit be the subteltie of
+loove."
+
+[Footnote A: Twynelace, according to Spottiswoode.]
+
+
+
+THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.
+
+
+  I will sing, if ye will hearken,
+   If ye will hearken unto me;
+  The king has ta'en a poor prisoner,
+   The wanton laird o' young Logie.
+
+  Young Logie's laid in Edinburgh chapel;
+   Carmichael's the keeper o' the key;
+  And may Margaret's lamenting sair,
+   A' for the love of young Logie.
+
+  "Lament, lament na, may Margaret,
+   "And of your weeping let me be;
+  "For ye maun to the king himsell,
+   "To seek the life of young Logie."
+
+  May Margaret has kilted her green cleiding,
+  And she has curl'd back her yellow hair--
+  "If I canna get young Logie's life,
+  "Fareweel to Scotland for evermair."
+
+  When she came before the king,
+  She knelit lowly on her knee--
+  "O what's the matter, may Margaret?
+  "And what needs a' this courtesie?"
+
+  "A boon, a boon, my noble liege,
+  "A boon, a boon, I beg o' thee!
+  "And the first boon that I come to crave,
+  "Is to grant me the life of young Logic."
+
+  "O na, O na, may Margaret,
+  "Forsooth, and so it manna be;
+  "For a' the gowd o' fair Scotland
+  "Shall not save the life of young Logie."
+
+  But she has stown the king's redding kaim,[A]
+  Likewise the queen her wedding knife;
+  And sent the tokens to Carmichael,
+  To cause young Logic get his life.
+
+  She sent him a purse o' the red gowd,
+   Another o' the white monie;
+  She sent him a pistol for each hand,
+   And bade him shoot when he gat free.
+
+  When he came to the tolbooth stair,
+   There he let his volley flee;
+  It made the king in his chamber start,
+   E'en in the bed where he might be.
+
+  "Gae out, gae out, my merrymen a',
+   "And bid Carmichael come speak to me;
+  "For I'll lay my life the pledge o' that,
+   "That yon's the shot o' young Logie."
+
+  When Carmichael came before the king,
+   He fell low down upon his knee;
+  The very first word that the king spake,
+   Was--"Where's the laird of young Logie?"
+
+  Carmichael turn'd him round about,
+   (I wot the tear blinded his eye)
+  "There came a token frae your grace,
+   "Has ta'en away the laird frae me."
+
+  "Hast thou play'd me that, Carmichael?"
+   "And hast thou play'd me that?" quoth he;
+  "The morn the justice court's to stand,
+   "And Logic's place ye maun supply."
+
+  Carmichael's awa to Margaret's bower,
+   Even as fast as he may drie--
+  "O if young Logie be within,
+   "Tell him to come and speak with me!"
+
+  May Margaret turned her round about,
+   (I wot a loud laugh laughed she)
+  "The egg is chipped, the bird is flown,
+   "Ye'll see na mair of young Logie."
+
+  The tane is shipped at the pier of Leith,
+   The tother at the Queen's Ferrie;
+  And she's gotten a father to her bairn,
+   The wanton laird of young Logie.
+
+[Footnote A: _Redding kain_--Comb for the hair.]
+
+
+
+NOTE ON THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.
+
+
+_Carmichael's the keeper o' the key._--P. 344. v. 2.
+
+Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael, the hero of the ballad, called the
+Raid of the Reidswair, was appointed captain of the king's guard in
+1588, and usually had the keeping of state criminals of rank.
+
+
+
+A LYKE-WAKE DIRGE.
+
+
+This is a sort of charm, sung by the lower ranks of Roman Catholics, in
+some parts of the north of England, while watching a dead body, previous
+to interment. The tune is doleful and monotonous, and, joined to the
+mysterious import of the words, has a solemn effect. The word _sleet_,
+in the chorus, seems to be corrupted from _selt_, or salt; a quantity of
+which, in compliance with a popular superstition, is frequently placed
+on the breast of a corpse.
+
+The mythologic ideas of the dirge are common to various creeds. The
+Mahometan believes, that, in advancing to the final judgment seat, he
+must traverse a bar of red-hot iron, stretched across a bottomless
+gulph. The good works of each true believer, assuming a substantial
+form, will then interpose betwixt his feet and this _"Bridge of Dread;"_
+but the wicked, having no such protection, must fall headlong into the
+abyss.--D'HERBELOT, _Bibiotheque Orientale_.
+
+Passages, similar to this dirge, are also to be found in _Lady Culross's
+Dream_, as quoted in the second Dissertation prefixed by Mr Pinkerton
+to his _Select Scottish Ballads_, 2 vols. The dreamer journeys towards
+heaven, accompanied and assisted by a celestial guide:
+
+  Through dreadful dens, which made my heart aghast,
+  He bare me up when I began to tire.
+  Sometimes we clamb o'er craggy mountains high.
+  And sometimes stay'd on uglie braes of sand:
+  They were so stay that wonder was to see;
+  But, when I fear'd, he held me by the hand.
+  Through great deserts we wandered on our way--
+  Forward we passed on narrow bridge of trie,
+  O'er waters great, which hediously did roar.
+
+Again, she supposes herself suspended over an infernal gulph:
+
+  Ere I was ware, one gripped me at the last,
+  And held me high above a naming fire.
+  The fire was great; the heat did pierce me sore;
+  My faith grew weak.; my grip was very small;
+  I trembled fast; my fear grew more and more.
+
+A horrible picture of the same kind, dictated probably by the author's
+unhappy state of mind, is to be found in Brooke's _Fool of Quality_. The
+dreamer, a ruined female, is suspended over the gulph of perdition by
+a single hair, which is severed by a demon, who, in the form of her
+seducer springs upwards from the flames.
+
+The Russian funeral service, without any allegorical imagery, expresses
+the sentiment of the dirge in language alike simple and noble.
+
+"Hast thou pitied the afflicted, O man? In death shalt thou be pitied.
+Hast thou consoled the orphan? The orphan will deliver thee.
+Hast thou clothed the naked? The naked will procure thee
+protection."--RICHARDSON'S _Anecdotes of Russia._
+
+But the most minute description of the _Brig o' Dread_, occurs in the
+legend of _Sir Owain_, No. XL. in the MS. Collection of Romances, W.
+4.1. Advocates' Library, Edinburgh; though its position is not the same
+as in the dirge, which may excite a suspicion that the order of the
+stanzas in the latter has been transposed. Sir Owain, a Northumbrian
+knight, after many frightful adventures in St Patrick's purgatory, at
+last arrives at the bridge, which, in the legend, is placed betwixt
+purgatory and paradise:
+
+  The fendes han the knight ynome,
+  To a stinkand water thai ben ycome,
+    He no seigh never er non swiche;
+  It stank fouler than ani hounde.
+  And maui mile it was to the grounde.
+    And was as swart as piche.
+
+  And Owain seigh ther ouer ligge
+  A swithe strong naru brigge:
+    The fendes seyd tho;
+  "Lo! sir knight, sestow this?
+  "This is the brigge of paradis,
+    "Here ouer thou must go.
+
+  "And we the schul with stones prowe,
+  "And the winde the schul ouer blow,
+    "And wirche the full wo;
+  "Thou no schalt tor all this unduerd,
+  "Bot gif thou falle a midwerd,
+    "To our fewes[A] mo.
+
+  "And when thou art adown yfalle,
+  "Than schal com our felawes alle,
+      "And with her hokes the hede;
+  "We schul the teche a newe play:
+  "Thou hast served ous mani a day,
+  "And into helle the lede."
+
+  Owain biheld the brigge smert,
+  The water ther under blac and swert,
+      And sore him gan to drede:
+  For of othing he tok yeme,
+  Never mot, in sonne beme,
+      Thicker than the fendes yede.
+
+  The brigge was as heigh as a tour,
+  And as scharpe as a rasour,
+      And naru it was also;
+  And the water that ther ran under,
+  Brend o' lighting and of thonder,
+      That thoght him michel wo.
+
+  Ther nis no clerk may write with ynke,
+  No no man no may bithink,
+      No no maister deuine;
+  That is ymade forsoth ywis.
+  Under the brigge of paradis,
+      Halvendel the pine.
+
+  So the dominical ous telle,
+  That is the pure entrae of helle,
+      Seine Poule berth witnesse;[A]
+  Whoso falleth of the brigge adown,
+  Of him nis no redempcioun,
+      Noîther more nor lesse.
+
+  The fendes seyd to the knight tho,
+  "Ouer this brigge might thou nowght go,
+      "For noneskines nede;
+  "Fle peril sorwe and wo,
+  "And to that stede ther thou com fro,
+      "Wel fair we schul the lede."
+
+  Owain anon be gan bithenche,
+  Fram hou mani of the fendes wrenche,
+    God him saved hadde;
+  He sett his fot opon the brigge,
+  No feld he no scharpe egge,
+    No nothing him no drad.
+
+  When the fendes yseigh tho,
+  That he was more than half ygo,
+    Loude thai gun to crie;
+  "Alias! alias! that he was born!
+  "This ich night we have forlorn
+    "Out of our baylie."
+
+[Footnote A: _Fewes_--Probably contracted for fellows.]
+
+[Footnote B: The reader will probably search St Paul in vain, for the
+evidence here referred to.]
+
+The author of the _Legend of Sir Owain_, though a zealous catholic, has
+embraced, in the fullest extent, the Talmudic doctrine of an earthly
+paradise, distinct from the celestial abode of the just, and serving as
+a place of initiation, preparatory to perfect bliss, and to the beatific
+vision.--See the Rabbi Menasse ben Israel, in a treatise called
+_Nishmath Chajim_, i.e. The Breath of Life.
+
+
+
+THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.
+
+NOW FIRST PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad, which is a very great favourite among the inhabitants of
+Ettrick Forest, is universally believed to be founded in fact. The
+editor found it easy to collect a variety of copies; but very difficult,
+indeed, to select from them such a collated edition, as may, in any
+degree, suit the taste of "these more light and giddy-paced times."
+
+Tradition places the event, recorded in the song, very early; and it
+is probable that the ballad was composed soon afterwards, although
+the language has been gradually modernized, in the course of
+its transmission to us, through the inaccurate channel of oral
+tradition.--The bard does not relate particulars, but barely the
+striking outlines of a fact, apparently so well known when he wrote,
+as to render minute detail as unnecessary, as it is always tedious and
+unpoetical.
+
+The hero of the ballad was a knight of great bravery, called Scott,
+who is said to have resided at Kirkhope, or Oakwood castle, and is, in
+tradition, termed the Baron of Oakwood. The estate of Kirkhope belonged
+anciently to the Scotts of Harden: Oakwood is still their property,
+and has been so from time immemorial. The editor was therefore led to
+suppose, that the hero of the ballad might have been identified with
+John Scott, sixth son of the laird of Harden, murdered in Ettrick
+Forest by his kinsmen, the Scotts of Gilmanscleugh (see notes to _Jamie
+Telfer_, Vol. I. p. 152). This appeared the more probable, as the common
+people always affirm, that this young man was treacherously slain, and
+that, in evidence thereof, his body remained uncorrupted for many years;
+so that even the roses on his shoes seemed as fresh as when he was first
+laid in the family vault at Hassendean. But from a passage in Nisbet's
+Heraldry, he now believes the ballad refers to a duel fought at
+Deucharswyre, of which Annan's Treat is a part, betwixt John Scott of
+Tushielaw and his brother-in-law Walter Scott, third son of Robert of
+Thirlestane, in which the latter was slain.
+
+In ploughing Annan's Treat, a huge monumental stone, with an
+inscription, was discovered; but being rather scratched than engraved,
+and the lines being run through each other, it is only possible to
+read one or two Latin words. It probably records the event of the
+combat.--The person slain was the male ancestor of the present Lord
+Napier.
+
+Tradition affirms, that the hero of the song (be he who he may) was
+murdered by the brother, either of his wife, or betrothed bride. The
+alleged cause of malice was, the lady's father having proposed to endow
+her with half of his property, upon her marriage with a warrior of such
+renown. The name of the murderer is said to have been Annan, and the
+place of combat is still called Annan's Treat. It is a low muir, on the
+banks of the Yarrow, lying to the west of Yarrow Kirk. Two tall unhewn
+masses of stone are erected, about eighty yards distant from each other;
+and the least child, that can herd a cow, will tell the passenger, that
+there lie "the two lords, who were slain in single combat."
+
+It will be, with many readers, the greatest recommendation of these
+verses, that they are supposed to have suggested to Mr Hamilton, of
+Bangour, the modern ballad, beginning,
+
+  "Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny bonny bride."
+
+A fragment, apparently regarding the story of the following ballad, but
+in a different measure, occurs in Mr Herd's MSS., and runs thus:--
+
+  "When I look cast, my heart is sair,
+  "But when I look west, its mair and mair;
+  "For then I see the braes o' Yarrow,
+  "And there, for aye, I lost my marrow."
+
+
+
+THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.
+
+
+  Late at e'en, drinking the wine,
+   And ere they paid the lawing,
+  They set a combat them between,
+   To fight it in the dawing.
+
+  "O stay at hame, my noble lord!
+   "O stay at hame, my marrow!
+  "My cruel brother will you betray
+   "On the dowie houms of Yarrow."
+
+  "O fare ye weel, my ladye gaye!
+   "O fare ye weel, my Sarah!
+  "For I maun gae, though I ne'er return,
+   "Frae the dowie banks o' Yarrow.
+
+  She kissed his cheek, she kaimed his hair,
+   As oft she had done before, O;
+  She belted him with his noble brand,
+   And he's awa' to Yarrow.
+
+  As he gaed up the Tennies bank,
+   I wot he gaed wi' sorrow,
+  Till, down in a den, he spied nine arm'd men,
+   On the dowie houms of Yarrow.
+
+  "O come ye here to part your land,
+   "The bonnie forest thorough?
+  "Or come ye here to wield your brand,
+   "On the dowie houms of Yarrow?"
+
+  "I come not here to part my land,
+   "And neither to beg nor borrow;
+  "I come to wield my noble brand,
+   "On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.
+
+  "If I see all, ye're nine to ane;
+   "And that's an unequal marrow;
+  "Yet will I fight, while lasts my brand,
+   "On the bonnie banks of Yarrow."
+
+  Four has he hurt, and five has slain,
+   On the bloody braes of Yarrow,
+  Till that stubborn knight came him behind,
+   And ran his bodie thorough.
+
+  "Gae hame, gae hame, good-brother[A] John,
+   "And tell your sister Sarah,
+  "To come and lift her leafu' lord;
+   "He's sleepin sound on Yarrow."----
+
+  "Yestreen I dream'd a dolefu' dream;
+   "I fear there will be sorrow!
+  "I dream'd, I pu'd the heather green,
+   "Wi' my true love, on Yarrow.
+
+  "O gentle wind, that bloweth south,
+   "From where my love repaireth,
+  "Convey a kiss from his dear mouth,
+   "And tell me how he fareth!
+
+  "But in the glen strive armed men;
+   "They've wrought me dole and sorrow;
+  "They've slain--the comeliest knight they've slain--
+   "He bleeding lies on Yarrow."
+
+  As she sped down yon high high hill,
+   She gaed wi' dole and sorrow,
+  And in the den spyed ten slain men,
+   On the dowie banks of Yarrow.
+
+  She kissed his cheek, she kaim'd his hair,
+   She search'd his wounds all thorough;
+  She kiss'd them, till her lips grew red,
+   On the dowie houms of Yarrow.
+
+  "Now, haud your tongue, my daughter dear!
+   "For a' this breeds but sorrow;
+  "I'll wed ye to a better lord,
+   "Than him ye lost on Yarrow."
+
+  "O haud your tongue, my father dear!
+   "Ye mind me but of sorrow;
+  "A fairer rose did never bloom
+   "Than now lies cropp'd on Yarrow."
+
+[Footnote A: _Good-brother_--Beau-frere, Brother-in-law.]
+
+
+
+
+THE GAY GOSS HAWK.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_This Ballad is published, partly from one, under this title, in Mrs_
+BROWN'S _Collection, and partly from a MS. of some antiquity,_ penes
+Edit.--_The stanzas appearing to possess mo st merit have been selected
+from each copy._
+
+
+  "O waly, waly, my gay goss hawk,
+   "Gin your feathering be sheen!"
+  "And waly, waly, my master dear,
+   "Gin ye look pale and lean!
+
+  "O have ye tint, at tournament,
+   "Your sword, or yet your spear?
+  "Or mourn ye for the southern lass,
+   "Whom you may not win near?"
+
+  "I have not tint, at tournament,
+   "My sword, nor yet my spear;
+  "But sair I mourn for my true love,
+   "Wi' mony a bitter tear.
+
+  "But weel's me on ye, my gay goss hawk,
+   "Ye can baith speak and flee;
+  "Ye sall carry a letter to my love,
+   "Bring an answer back to me."
+
+  "But how sall I your true love find,
+   "Or how suld I her know?
+  "I bear a tongue ne'er wi' her spake,
+   "An eye that ne'er her saw."
+
+  "O weel sall ye my true love ken,
+   "Sae sune as ye her see;
+  "For, of a' the flowers of fair England,
+   "The fairest flower is she.
+
+  "The red, that's on my true love's cheik,
+   "Is like blood drops on the snaw;
+  "The white, that is on her breast bare,
+   "Like the down o' the white sea-maw.
+
+  "And even at my love's bour door
+   "There grows a flowering birk;
+  "And ye maun sit and sing thereon
+   "As she gangs to the kirk.
+
+  "And four-and-twenty fair ladyes
+   "Will to the mass repair;
+  "But weel may ye my ladye ken,
+   "The fairest ladye there."
+
+  Lord William has written a love letter,
+   Put it under his pinion gray;
+  And he is awa' to Southern land
+   As fast as wings can gae.
+
+  And even at that ladye's bour
+   There grew a flowering birk;
+  And he sat down and sang thereon
+   As she gaed to the kirk.
+
+  And weel he kent that ladye fair
+   Amang her maidens free;
+  For the flower, that springs in May morning,
+   Was not sae sweet as she.
+
+  He lighted at the ladye's yate,
+   And sat him on a pin;
+  And sang fu' sweet the notes o' love,
+   Till a' was cosh[A] within.
+
+  And first he sang a low low note,
+   And syne he sang a clear;
+  And aye the o'erword o' the sang
+   Was--"Your love can no win here."
+
+  "Feast on, feast on, my maidens a':
+   "The wine flows you amang:
+  "While I gang to my shot-window,
+   "And hear yon bonny bird's sang.
+
+  "Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,
+   "The sang ye sung yestreen;
+  "For weel I ken, by your sweet singing,
+   "Ye are frae my true love sen'."
+
+  O first he sang a merry sang,
+   And syne he sang a grave;
+  And syne he peck'd his feathers gray,
+   To her the letter gave.
+
+  "Have there a letter from Lord William;
+   "He says he's sent ye three:
+  "He canna wait your love langer,
+   "But for your sake he'll die."
+
+  "Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,
+   "And brew his bridal ale;
+  "And I sall meet him at Mary's kirk
+  "Lang, lang ere it be stale."
+
+  The ladye's gane to her chamber,
+   And a moanfu' woman was she;
+  As gin she had ta'en a sudden brash,[B]
+   And were about to die.
+
+  "A boon, a boon, my father deir,
+   "A boon I beg of thee!"
+  "Ask not that paughty Scottish lord,
+   "For him you ne'er shall see.
+
+  "But, for your honest asking else,
+   "Wee! granted it shall be."
+  "Then, gin I die in Southern land,
+   "In Scotland gar bury me.
+
+  "And the first kirk that ye come to,
+   "Ye's gar the mass be sung;
+  "And the next kirk that ye come to,
+   "Ye's gar the bells be rung.
+
+  "And, when ye come to St Mary's kirk,
+   "Ye's tarry there till night."
+  And so her father pledged his word,
+   And so his promise plight.
+
+  She has ta'en her to her bigly bour
+   As fast as she could fare;
+  And she has drank a sleepy draught,
+   That she had mixed wi' care.
+
+  And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,
+   That was sae bright of blee,
+  And she seemed to be as surely dead
+   As any one could be.
+
+  Then spak her cruel step-minnie,
+   "Take ye the burning lead,
+  "And drap a drap on her bosome,
+   "To try if she be dead."
+
+  They took a drap o' boiling lead,
+   They drap'd it on her breast;
+  "Alas! alas!" her father cried,
+   "She's dead without the priest."
+
+  She neither chatter'd with her teeth,
+   Nor shiver'd with her chin;
+  "Alas! alas!" her father cried,
+   "There is nae breath within."
+
+  Then up arose her seven brethren,
+   And hew'd to her a bier;
+  They hew'd it frae the solid aik,
+   Laid it o'er wi' silver clear.
+
+  Then up and gat her seven sisters,
+   And sewed to her a kell;
+  And every steek that they pat in
+   Sewed to a siller bell.
+
+  The first Scots kirk that they cam to,
+   They gar'd the bells be rung;
+  The next Scots kirk that they cam to,
+   They gar'd the mass be sung.
+
+  But when they cam to St Mary's kirk,
+   There stude spearmen, all on a raw;
+  And up and started Lord William,
+   The chieftane amang them a'.
+
+  "Set down, set down the bier," he said;
+   "Let me looke her upon:"
+  But as soon as Lord William touched her hand,
+   Her colour began to come.
+
+  She brightened like the lily flower,
+   Till her pale colour was gone;
+  With rosy cheik, and ruby lip,
+   She smiled her love upon.
+
+  "A morsel of your bread, my lord,
+   "And one glass of your wine:
+  "For I hae fasted these three lang days,
+   "All for your sake and mine.
+
+  "Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers!
+   "Gae hame and blaw your horn!
+  "I trow you wad hae gien me the skaith,
+   "But I've gien you the scorn.
+
+  "Commend me to my grey father,
+   "That wish'd, my saul gude rest;
+  "But wae be to my cruel step-dame,
+   "Gar'd burn me on the breast."
+
+  "Ah! woe to you, you light woman!
+   "An ill death may you die!
+  "For we left father and sisters at hame
+   "Breaking their hearts for thee."
+
+[Footnote A: _Cosh_--Quiet.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Brash_--Sickness.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE GAY GOSS HAWK.
+
+  _The red, that's on my true love's cheik,
+  Is like blood drops on the snaw._--P. 362. v, 5.
+
+This simile resembles a passage in a MS. translation of an Irish Fairy
+tale, called _The Adventures of Faravla, Princess of Scotland, and
+Carral O'Daly, Son of Donogho More O'Daly, Chief Bard of Ireland._
+
+"Faravla, as she entered her bower, cast her looks upon the earth, which
+was tinged with the blood of a bird which a raven had newly killed;
+'Like that snow,' said Faravla, 'was the complexion of my beloved, his
+cheeks like the sanguine traces thereon; whilst the raven recals to my
+memory the colour of his beautiful locks."
+
+There is also some resemblance, in the conduct of the story, betwixt the
+ballad and the tale just quoted. The Princess Faravla, being desperately
+in love with Carral O'Daly, dispatches in search of him a faithful
+confidant, who, by her magical art, transforms herself into a hawk, and,
+perching upon the windows of the bard, conveys to him information of the
+distress of the princess of Scotland.
+
+In the ancient romance of _Sir Tristrem_, the simile of the "blood drops
+upon snow" likewise occurs:
+
+  A bride bright thai ches
+  As blod open snoweing.
+
+
+
+BROWN ADAM.
+
+
+_There is a copy of this Ballad in Mrs_ BROWN'S _Collection. The Editor
+has seen one, printed on a single sheet. The epithet, "Smith," implies,
+probably, the sirname, not the profession, of the hero, who seems to
+have been an outlaw There is, however, in Mrs_ BROWN'S _copy, a verse
+of little merit here omitted, alluding to the implements of that
+occupation._
+
+
+  O wha wad wish the wind to blaw,
+   Or the green leaves fa' therewith?
+  Or wha wad, wish a lealer love
+   Than Brown Adam the smith?
+
+  But they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+   Frae father and frae mother;
+  And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+   Frae sister and frae brother.
+
+  And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+    The flower o' a' his kin;
+  And he's bigged a hour in gude green-wood
+    Atween his ladye and him.
+
+  It fell upon a summer's day,
+    Brown Adam he thought lang;
+  And, for to hunt some venison,
+    To green-wood he wald gang.
+
+  He has ta'en his bow his arm o'er,
+    His bolts and arrows lang;
+  And he is to the gude green-wood
+    As fast as he could gang.
+
+  O he's shot up, and he's shot down,
+    The bird upon the brier;
+  And he's sent it hame to his ladye,
+    Bade her be of gude cheir.
+
+  O he's shot up, and he's shot down,
+    The bird upon the thorn;
+  And sent it hame to his ladye,
+    Said he'd be hame the morn.
+
+  When he cam to his ladye's bour door
+   He stude a little forbye,
+  And there he heard a fou fause knight
+   Tempting his gay ladye.
+
+  For he's ta'en out a gay goud ring,
+   Had cost him mony a poun',
+  "O grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "And this shall be thy own."
+
+  "I lo'e Brown Adam weel," she said;
+   "I trew sae does he me:
+  "I wadna gie Brown Adam's love
+   "For nae fause knight I see."
+
+  Out has he ta'en a purse o' gowd,
+   Was a' fou to the string,
+  "O grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "And a' this shall be thine."
+
+  "I lo'e Brown Adam weel," she says;
+   "I wot sae does he me:
+  "I wad na be your light leman
+   "For mair than ye could gie."
+
+  Then out he drew his lang bright brand,
+   And flashed it in her een;
+  "Now grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "Or thro' ye this sall gang!"
+  Then, sighing, says that ladye fair,
+   "Brown Adam tarries lang!"
+
+  Then in and starts him Brown Adam,
+   Says--"I'm just at your hand."
+  He's gar'd him leave his bonny bow,
+   He's gar'd him leave his brand,
+  He's gar'd him leave a dearer pledge--
+   Four fingers o' his right hand.
+
+
+
+JELLON GRAME.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad is published from tradition, with some conjectural
+emendations. It is corrected by a copy in Mrs Brown's MS., from which
+it differs in the concluding stanzas. Some verses are apparently
+modernized.
+
+_Jellon_ seems to be the same name with _Jyllian_ or _Julian_. "Jyl of
+Brentford's Testament" is mentioned in Warton's _History of Poetry,-
+Vol. II. p. 40. The name repeatedly occurs in old ballads, sometimes as
+that of a man, at other times as that of a woman. Of the former is
+an instance in the ballad of _"Knight and the Shepherd's
+Daughter,"--Reliques of Ancient Poetry,_ Vol. III. p. 72.
+
+  Some do call me Jack, sweetheart.
+  And some do call me _Jille_.
+
+Witton Gilbert, a village four miles west of Durham, is, throughout the
+bishopric, pronounced Witton Jilbert. We have also the common name of
+Giles, always in Scotland pronounced Jill. For Gille, or Julianna, as
+a female name, we have _Fair Gillian_ of Croyden, and a thousand
+authorities. Such being the case, the editor must enter his protest
+against the conversion of Gil Morrice, into child Maurice, an epithet
+of chivalry. All the circumstances in that ballad argue, that the
+unfortunate hero was an obscure and very young man, who had never
+received the honour of knighthood. At any rate, there can be no reason,
+even were internal evidence totally wanting, for altering a well known
+proper name, which, till of late years, has been the uniform title of
+the ballad.
+
+
+
+JELLON GRAME.
+
+
+  O JELLON GRAME sat in Silverwood,[A]
+   He sharped his broad sword lang;
+  And he has call'd his little foot page
+   An errand for to gang.
+
+  "Win up, my bonny boy," he says,
+   "As quickly as ye may;
+  "For ye maun gang for Lillie Flower
+   "Before the break of day."
+
+  The boy has buckled his belt about,
+   And thro' the green-wood ran;
+  And he cam to the ladye's bower
+   Before the day did dawn.
+
+  "O sleep ye, wake ye, Lillie Flower?
+   "The red sun's on the rain:
+  "Ye're bidden come to Silverwood,
+   "But I doubt ye'll never win hame."
+
+  She hadna ridden a mile, a mile,
+   A mile but barely three,
+  Ere she cam to a new made grave,
+   Beneath a green aik tree.
+
+  O then up started Jellon Grame,
+   Out of a bush thereby;
+  "Light down, light down, now, Lillie Flower,
+   "For its here that ye maun lye."
+
+  She lighted aff her milk-white steed,
+   And kneel'd upon her knee;
+  "O mercy, mercy, Jellon Grame,
+   "For I'm no prepared to die!
+
+  "Your bairn, that stirs between my sides,
+   "Maun shortly see the light;
+  "But to see it weltering in my blood,
+   "Would be a piteous sight."
+
+  "O should I spare your life," he says,
+   "Until that bairn were born,
+  "Full weel I ken your auld father
+   "Would hang me on the morn."
+
+  "O spare my life, now, Jellon Grame!
+   "My father ye need na dread:
+  "I'll keep my babe in gude green-wood,
+   "Or wi' it I'll beg my bread."
+
+  He took no pity on Lillie Flower,
+   Tho' she for life did pray;
+  But pierced her thro' the fair body
+   As at his feet she lay.
+
+  He felt nae pity for Lillie Flower,
+   Where she was lying dead;
+  But he felt some for the bonny bairn,
+   That lay weltering in her bluid.
+
+  Up has he ta'en that bonny boy,
+   Given him to nurses nine;
+  Three to sleep, and three to wake,
+   And three to go between.
+
+  And he bred up that bonny boy,
+   Called him his sister's son;
+  And he thought no eye could ever see
+   The deed that he had done.
+
+  O so it fell, upon a day,
+   When hunting they might be,
+  They rested them in Silverwood,
+   Beneath that green aik tree.
+
+  And mony were the green-wood flowers
+   Upon the grave that grew,
+  And marvell'd much that bonny boy
+   To see their lovely hue.
+
+  "What's paler than the prymrose wan?
+   "What's redder than the rose?
+  "What's fairer than the lilye flower
+   "On this wee know[B] that grows?"
+
+  O out and answered Jellon Grame,
+   And he spak hastelie--
+  "Your mother was a fairer flower,
+   "And lies beneath this tree.
+
+  "More pale she was, when she sought my grace,
+   "Than prymrose pale and wan;
+  "And redder than rose her ruddy heart's blood,
+   "That down my broad sword ran."
+
+  Wi' that the boy has bent his bow,
+   It was baith stout and lang;
+  And thro' and thro' him, Jellon Grame,
+   He gar'd an arrow gang.
+
+  Says--"Lie ye there, now, Jellon Grame!
+   "My malisoun gang you wi'!
+  "The place my mother lies buried in
+   "Is far too good for thee."
+
+[Footnote A: Silverwood, mentioned in this ballad, occurs in a medley
+MS song, which seems to have been copied from the first edition of the
+Aberdeen caurus, _penes_ John G. Dalyell, esq. advocate. One line only
+is cited, apparently the beginning of some song:
+
+  Silverwood, gin ye were mine.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Wee know_--Little hillock.]
+
+
+
+WILLIE'S LADYE.
+
+ANCIENT COPY.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+Mr Lewis, in his _Tales of Wonder_, has presented the public with a copy
+of this ballad, with additions and alterations. The editor has also seen
+a copy, containing some modern stanzas, intended by Mr Jamieson, of
+Macclesfield, for publication in his Collection of Scottish Poetry. Yet,
+under these disadvantages, the editor cannot relinquish his purpose of
+publishing the old ballad, in its native simplicity, as taken from Mrs
+Brown of Faulkland's MS.
+
+Those, who wish to know how an incantation, or charm, of the distressing
+nature here described, was performed in classic days, may consult the
+story of Galanthis's Metamorphosis, in Ovid, or the following passage in
+Apuleius: _"Eadem (Saga scilicet quaedam), amatoris uxorem, quod in sibi
+dicacule probrum dixerat, jam in sarcinam praegnationis, obsepto utero,
+et repigrato faetu, perpetua praegnatione damnavit. Et ut cuncti
+numerant, octo annorum onere, misella illa, velut elephantum paritura,
+distenditur."_--APUL. Metam. lib. 1.
+
+There is also a curious tale about a count of Westeravia, whom a
+deserted concubine bewitched upon his marriage, so as to preclude all
+hopes of his becoming a father. The spell continued to operate for
+three years, till one day, the count happening to meet with his former
+mistress, she maliciously asked him about the increase of his family.
+The count, conceiving some suspicion from her manner, craftily answered,
+that God had blessed him with three fine children; on which she
+exclaimed, like Willie's mother in the ballad, "May Heaven confound
+the old hag, by whose counsel I threw an enchanted pitcher into the
+draw-well of your palace!" The spell being found, and destroyed, the
+count became the father of a numerous family.--_Hierarchie of the
+Blessed Angels,_ p. 474.
+
+
+
+WILLIE'S LADYE.
+
+
+  Willie's ta'en him o'er the faem,[A]
+  He's wooed a wife, and brought her hame;
+  He's wooed her for her yellow hair,
+  But his mother wrought her meikle care;
+
+  And meikle dolour gar'd her drie,
+  For lighter she can never be;
+  But in her bower she sits wi' pain,
+  And Willie mourns o'er her in vain.
+
+  And to his mother he has gane,
+  That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!
+  He says--"My ladie has a cup,
+  Wi' gowd and silver set about,
+  This gudely gift sall be your ain,
+  And let her be lighter o' her young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's never be lighter,
+  "Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;
+  "But she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And you shall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my life were at an end!"
+
+  "Yet gae ye to your mother again,
+  "That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!
+  "And say, your ladye has a steed,
+  "The like o' him's no in the land o' Leed.[B]
+
+  "For he is silver shod before,
+  "And he is gowden shod behind;
+  "At every tuft of that horse mane,
+  "There's a golden chess[C], and a bell to ring.
+  "This gudely gift sall be her ain,
+  "And let me be lighter o' my young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,
+  "Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;
+  "But she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And ye sall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my life were at an end!"
+
+  "Yet gae ye to your mother again,
+  "That vile rank witch, o' rankest kind!
+  "And say, your ladye has a girdle,
+  "It is a' red gowd to the middle;
+
+  "And aye, at ilka siller hem
+  "Hang fifty siller bells and ten;
+  "This gudely gift sall be her ain,
+  "And let me be lighter o' my young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,
+  "Nor in your bour to shine the brighter;
+  "For she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And thou sall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my days were at an end!"
+
+  Then out and spak the Billy Blind,[D]
+  (He spak ay in a gude time:)
+  "Yet gae ye to the market-place,
+  "And there do buy a loaf of wace;[E]
+  "Do shape it bairn and bairnly like,
+  "And in it twa glassen een you'll put;
+
+  "And bid her your boy's christening to,
+  "Then notice weel what she shall do;
+  "And do ye stand a little away,
+  "To notice weel what she may saye.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  [_A stanza seems to be wanting. Willie is supposed to follow
+  the advice of the spirit.--His mother speaks._]
+
+  "O wha has loosed the nine witch knots,
+  "That were amang that ladye's locks?
+  "And wha's ta'en out the kaims o' care,
+  "That were amang that ladye's hair?
+
+  "And wha has ta'en downe that bush o' woodbine,
+  "That hung between her bour and mine?
+  "And wha has kill'd the master kid,
+  "That ran beneath that ladye's bed?
+  "And wha has loosed her left foot shee,
+  "And let that ladye lighter be?"
+
+  Syne, Willy's loosed the nine witch knots,
+  That were amang that ladye's locks;
+  And Willy's ta'en out the kaims o' care,
+  That were into that ladye's hair;
+  And he's ta'en down the bush o' woodbine,
+  Hung atween her bour and the witch carline;
+
+  And he has kill'd the master kid,
+  That ran beneath that ladye's bed;
+  And he has loosed her left foot shee,
+  And latten that ladye lighter be;
+  And now he has gotten a bonny son,
+  And meikle grace be him upon.
+
+[Footnote A: _Faem_--The sea foam.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Land o' Leed_--Perhaps Lydia.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Chess_--Should probably be _jess_, the name of a hawk's
+bell.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Billy-Blind_--A familiar genius, or propitious spirit,
+somewhat similar to the _Brownie_. He is mentioned repeatedly in Mrs
+Brown's Ballads, but I have not met with him any where else, although he
+is alluded to in the rustic game of _Bogle_ (i.e. _goblin) Billy-Blind_.
+The word is, indeed, used in Sir David Lindsay's plays, but apparently
+in a different sense--
+
+  "Preists sall leid you like ane _Billy Blinde_."
+
+  PINKERTON'S _Scottish Poems_, 1792, Vol. II. p. 232.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Wace_--Wax.]
+
+
+
+CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This romantic ballad is taken from Mr Herd's MSS., with several
+corrections from a shorter and more imperfect copy, in the same volume,
+and one or two conjectural emendations in the arrangement of the
+stanzas. The resemblance of the conclusion to the ballad, beginning,
+"There came a ghost to Margaret's door," will strike every reader.--The
+tale is uncommonly wild and beautiful, and apparently very ancient.
+The custom of the passing bell is still kept up in many villages of
+Scotland. The sexton goes through the town, ringing a small bell, and
+announcing the death of the departed, and the time of the funeral.--The
+three concluding verses have been recovered since the first edition
+of this work; and I am informed by the reciter, that it was usual to
+separate from the rest, that part of the ballad which follows the death
+of the lovers, as belonging to another story. For this, however, there
+seems no necessity, as other authorities give the whole as a complete
+tale.
+
+
+
+CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+  Clerk Saunders and may Margaret
+   Walked ower yon garden green;
+  And sad and heavy was the love
+   That fell thir twa between.
+
+  "A bed, a bed," Clerk Saunders said,
+   "A bed for you and me!"
+  "Fye na, fye na," said may Margaret,
+   "Till anes we married be.
+
+  "For in may come my seven bauld brothers,
+   "Wi' torches burning bright;
+  "They'll say--'We hae but ae sister,
+   "And behold she's wi' a knight!'
+
+  "Then take the sword frae my scabbard,
+   "And slowly lift the pin;
+  "And you may swear, and safe your aith,
+   "Ye never let Clerk Saunders in.
+
+  "And take a napkin in your hand,
+   "And tie up baith your bonny een;
+  "And you may swear, and safe your aith,
+   "Ye saw me na since late yestreen."
+
+  It was about the midnight hour,
+   When they asleep were laid,
+  When in and came her seven brothers,
+   Wi' torches burning red.
+
+  When in and came her seven brothers,
+   Wi' torches shining bright;
+  They said, "We hae but ae sister,
+   "And behold her lying with a knight!"
+
+  Then out and spake the first o' them,
+   "I bear the sword shall gar him die!"
+  And out and spake the second o' them,
+   "His father has nae mair than he!"
+
+  And out and spake the third o' them,
+   "I wot that they are lovers dear!"
+  And out and spake the fourth o' them,
+   "They hae been in love this mony a year!"
+
+  Then out and spake the fifth o' them,
+   "It were great sin true love to twain!"
+  And out and spake the sixth o' them,
+   "It were shame to slay a sleeping man!"
+
+  Then up and gat the seventh o' them,
+   And never a word spake he;
+  But he has striped[A] his bright brown brand
+   Out through Clerk Saunders' fair bodye.
+
+  Clerk Saunders he started, and Margaret she turned
+   Into his arms as asleep she lay;
+  And sad and silent was the night
+   That was atween thir twae.
+
+  And they lay still and sleeped sound,
+   Until the day began to daw;
+  And kindly to him she did say,
+   "It is time, true love, you were awa'."
+
+  But he lay still, and sleeped sound,
+   Albeit the sun began to sheen;
+  She looked atween her and the wa',
+   And dull and drowsie were his een.
+
+  Then in and came her father dear,
+   Said--"Let a' your mourning be:
+  "I'll carry the dead corpse to the clay,
+   "And I'll come back and comfort thee."
+
+  "Comfort weel your seven sons;
+   "For comforted will I never be:
+  "I ween 'twas neither knave nor lown
+   "Was in the bower last night wi' me."
+
+  The clinking bell gaed through the town,
+   To carry the dead corse to the clay;
+  And Clerk Saunders stood at may Margaret's window,
+   I wot, an hour before the day.
+
+  "Are ye sleeping, Margaret?" he says,
+   "Or are ye waking presentlie?
+  "Give me my faith and troth again,
+   "I wot, true love, I gied to thee."
+
+  "Your faith and troth ye sall never get,
+   "Nor our true love sall never twin,
+  "Until ye come within my bower,
+   "And kiss me cheik and chin."
+
+  "My mouth it is full cold, Margaret,
+   "It has the smell, now, of the ground;
+  "And if I kiss thy comely mouth,
+   "Thy days of life will not be lang.
+
+  "O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,
+   "I wot the wild fowls are boding day;
+  "Give me my faith and troth again,
+   "And let me fare me on my way."
+
+  "Thy faith and troth thou sall na get,
+   "And our true love sall never twin,
+  "Until ye tell what comes of women,
+   "I wot, who die in strong traivelling?"[B]
+
+  "Their beds are made in the heavens high,
+   "Down at the foot of our good lord's knee,
+  "Weel set about wi' gillyflowers:
+   "I wot sweet company for to see.
+
+  "O cocks are crowing a merry mid-night,
+    "I wot the wild fowl are boding day;
+  "The psalms of heaven will soon be sung,
+    "And I, ere now, will be missed away."
+
+  Then she has ta'en a crystal wand,
+    And she has stroken her troth thereon;
+  She has given it him out at the shot-window,
+    Wi' mony a sad sigh, and heavy groan.
+
+  "I thank ye, Marg'ret; I thank ye, Marg'ret;
+    "And aye I thank ye heartilie;
+  "Gin ever the dead come for the quick,
+    "Be sure, Marg'ret, I'll come for thee."
+
+  Its hosen and shoon, and gown alone,
+    She climbed the wall, and followed him,
+  Until she came to the green forest,
+    And there she lost the sight o' him.
+
+  "Is there ony room at your head, Saunders?
+    "Is there ony room at your feet?
+  "Or ony room at your side, Saunders,
+    "Where fain, fain, I wad sleep?"
+
+  "There's nae room at my head, Marg'ret,
+   "There's nae room at my feet;
+  "My bed it is full lowly now:
+   "Amang the hungry worms I sleep.
+
+  "Cauld mould is my covering now,
+   "But and my winding-sheet;
+  "The dew it falls nae sooner down,
+   "Than my resting-place is weet.
+
+  "But plait a wand o' bonnie birk,
+   "And lay it on my breast;
+  "And shed a tear upon my grave,
+   "And wish my saul gude rest.
+
+  "And fair Marg'ret, and rare Marg'ret,
+   "And Marg'ret o' veritie,
+  "Gin ere ye love another man,
+   "Ne'er love him as ye did me."
+
+  Then up and crew the milk-white cock,
+   And up and crew the gray;
+  Her lover vanish'd in the air,
+   And she gaed weeping away.
+
+[Footnote A: _Striped_--Thrust.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Traivelling_--Child-birth.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+
+_Weel set about wi' gillyflowers._--P. 394. v. 5.
+
+From whatever source the popular ideas of heaven be derived, the mention
+of gillyflowers is not uncommon. Thus, in the Dead Men's Song--
+
+  The fields about this city faire
+    Were all with roses set;
+  _Gillyflowers_, and carnations faire,
+    Which canker could not fret.
+      RITSON'S _Ancient Songs_, p. 288.
+
+The description, given in the legend of _Sir Owain_, of the terrestrial
+paradise, at which the blessed arrive, after passing through purgatory,
+omits gillyflowers, though it mentions many others. As the passage is
+curious, and the legend has never been published, many persons may not
+be displeased to see it extracted--
+
+  Fair were her erbers with flowres,
+  Rose and lili divers colours,
+   Primrol and parvink;
+  Mint, feverfoy, and eglenterre
+  Colombin, and mo ther wer
+   Than ani man mai bithenke.
+
+  It berth erbes of other maner,
+  Than ani in erth groweth here,
+   Tho that is lest of priis;
+  Evermore thai grene springeth,
+  For winter no somer it no clingeth,
+   And sweeter than licorice.
+
+  _But plait a wand o' bonnie birk_, &c.--P. 396. v. 3.
+
+The custom of binding the new-laid sod of the church-yard with osiers,
+or other saplings, prevailed both in England and Scotland, and served to
+protect the turf from injury by cattle, or otherwise. It is alluded to
+by Gay, in the _What d'ye call it_--
+
+  Stay, let me pledge, 'tis my last earthly liquor,
+  When I am dead you'll bind my grave with _wicker_.
+
+In the _Shepherd's Week_, the same custom is alluded to, and the cause
+explained:--
+
+  With _wicker rods_ we fenced her tomb around,
+  To ward, from man and beast, the hallowed ground,
+  Lest her new grave the parson's cattle raze,
+  For both his horse and cow the church-yard graze.
+      _Fifth Pastoral._
+
+
+
+EARL RICHARD.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_There are two Ballads in Mr_ HERD'S _MSS. upon the following Story,
+in one of which the unfortunate Knight is termed_ YOUNG HUNTIN. _A
+Fragment, containing from the sixth to the tenth verse, has been
+repeatedly published. The best verses are here selected from both
+copies, and some trivial alterations have been adopted from tradition._
+
+
+  "O lady, rock never your young son young,
+   "One hour langer for me;
+  "For I have a sweetheart in Garlioch Wells,
+   "I love far better than thee.
+
+  "The very sole o' that ladye's foot
+   "Than thy face is far mair white."--
+  "But, nevertheless, now, Erl Richard,
+   "Ye will bide in ray bower a' night?"
+
+  She birled[A] him with the ale and wine,
+    As they sat down to sup;
+  A living man he laid him down,
+    But I wot he ne'er rose up.
+
+  Then up and spak the popinjay,
+    That flew aboun her head;
+  "Lady! keep weel your green cleiding
+    "Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid."
+
+  "O better I'll keep my green cleiding
+    "Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid,
+  "Than thou canst keep thy clattering toung,
+    "That trattles in thy head."
+
+  She has call'd upon her bower maidens,
+    She has call'd them ane by ane;
+  "There lies a deid man in my bour:
+    "I wish that he were gane!"
+
+  They hae booted him, and spurred him,
+    As he was wont to ride;--
+  A hunting-horn tied round his waist,
+    A sharp sword by his side;
+  And they hae had him to the wan water,
+    For a' men call it Clyde.
+
+  Then up and spak the popinjay,
+   That sat upon the tree--
+  "What hae ye done wi' Erl Richard?
+   "Ye were his gay ladye."
+
+  "Come down, come down, my bonny bird,
+   "And sit upon my hand;
+  "And thou sall hae a cage o' gowd,
+   "Where thou hast but the wand."
+
+  "Awa! awa! ye ill woman:
+   "Nae cage o' gowd for me;
+  "As ye hae dune to Erl Richard,
+   "Sae wad ye do to me."
+
+  She hadna cross'd a rigg o' land,
+   A rigg, but barely ane;
+  When she met wi' his auld father,
+   Came riding all alane.
+
+  "Where hae ye been, now, ladye fair,
+   "Where hae ye been sae late?"
+  "We hae been seeking Erl Richard,
+   "But him we canna get."
+
+  "Erl Richard kens a' the fords in Clyde,
+   "He'll ride them ane by ane,
+  "And though the night was ne'er sae mirk,
+   "Erl Richard will he hame."
+
+  O it fell anes, upon a day,
+   The king was boun' to ride;
+  And he has mist him, Erl Richard,
+   Should hae ridden on his right side.
+
+  The ladye turn'd her round about,
+   Wi' meikle mournfu' din--
+  "It fears me sair o' Clyde water,
+   "That he is drown'd therein."
+
+  "Gar douk, gar douk,"[B] the king he cried,
+   "Gar douk for gold and fee;
+  "O wha will douk for Erl Richard's sake,
+   "Or wha will douk for me?"
+
+  They douked in at ae weil-head,[C]
+   And out ay at the other;
+  "We can douk nae mair for Erl Richard,
+   "Although he were our brother."
+
+  It fell that, in that ladye's castle,
+    The king was boun' to bed;
+  And up and spake the popinjay,
+    That flew abune his head.
+
+  "Leave off your douking on the day,
+    "And douk upon the night;
+  "And where that sackless[D] knight lies slain,
+    "The candles will burn bright."
+
+  "O there's a bird within this bower,
+    "That sings baith sad and sweet;
+  "O there's a bird within your bower,
+    "Keeps me frae my night's sleep."
+
+  They left the douking on the day,
+    And douked upon the night;
+  And, where that sackless knight lay slain,
+    The candles burned bright.
+
+  The deepest pot in a' the linn,
+    They fand Erl Richard in;
+  A grene turf tyed across his breast,
+    To keep that gude lord down.
+
+  Then up and spake the king himsell,
+   When he saw the deadly wound--
+  "O wha has slain my right-hand man,
+   "That held my hawk and hound?"
+
+  Then up and spake the popinjay,
+   Says--"What needs a' this din?
+  "It was his light lemman took his life,
+   "And hided him in the linn."
+
+  She swore her by the grass, sae grene,
+   Sae did she by the corn,
+  She had na' seen him, Erl Richard,
+   Since Moninday at morn.
+
+  "Put na the wite on me," she said;
+   "It was my may Catherine."
+  Then they hae cut baith fern and thorn,
+   To burn that maiden in.
+
+  It wadna take upon her cheik,
+   Nor yet upon her chin;
+  Nor yet upon her yellow hair,
+   To cleanse the deadly sin.
+
+  The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,
+    A drap it never bled;
+  The ladye laid her hand on him,
+    And soon the 'ground was red.
+
+  Out they hae ta'en her, may Catherine,
+    And put her mistress in:
+  The flame tuik fast upon her cheik,
+    Tuik fast upon her chin,
+  Tuik fast upon her faire bodye--
+    She burn'd like hollins green.[E]
+
+[Footnote A: _Birled_--Plied.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Douk_--Dive.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Weil-heid_--Eddy.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Sackless_--Guiltless.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Hollins green_--Green holly.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON EARL RICHARD.
+
+
+  _The candles burned bright._--P. 403. v. 4.
+
+These are unquestionably the corpse lights, called in Wales _Canhwyllan
+Cyrph_, which are sometimes seen to illuminate the spot where a dead
+body is concealed. The editor is informed, that, some years ago, the
+corpse of a man, drowned in the Ettrick, below Selkirk, was discovered
+by means of these candles. Such lights are common in church-yards, and
+are probably of a phosphoric nature. But rustic superstition derives
+them from supernatural agency, and supposes, that, as soon as life has
+departed, a pale flame appears at the window of the house, in which the
+person had died, and glides towards the church-yard, tracing through
+every winding the route of the future funeral, and pausing where the
+bier is to rest. This and other opinions, relating to the "tomb-fires'
+livid gleam," seem to be of Runic extraction.
+
+  _The deepest pot in a' the linn._--P. 403. v. 5.
+
+The deep holes, scooped in the rock by the eddies of a river, are called
+_pots;_ the motion of the water having there some resemblance to a
+boiling cauldron.
+
+  _Linn_, means the pool beneath a cataract.
+
+  _The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,
+  A drop it never bled._--P. 405. v. I.
+
+This verse, which is restored from tradition, refers to a superstition
+formerly received in most parts of Europe, and even resorted to, by
+judicial authority, for the discovery of murder. In Germany, this
+experiment was called _bahr-recht_, or the law of the bier; because,
+the murdered body being stretched upon a bier, the suspected person was
+obliged to put one hand upon the wound, and the other upon the mouth
+of the deceased, and, in that posture, call upon heaven to attest his
+innocence. If, during this ceremony, the blood gushed from the mouth,
+nose, or wound, a circumstance not unlikely to happen in the course of
+shifting or stirring the body, it was held sufficient evidence of the
+guilt of the party.
+
+The same singular kind of evidence, although reprobated by Mathaeus and
+Carpzovius, was admitted in the Scottish criminal courts, at the short
+distance of one century. My readers may be amused by the following
+instances:
+
+"The laird of Auchindrane (Muir of Auchindrane, in Ayrshire) was accused
+of a horrid and private murder, where there were no witnesses, and which
+the Lord had witnessed from heaven, singularly by his own hand, and
+proved the deed against him. The corpse of the man being buried in
+Girvan church-yard, as a man cast away at sea, and cast out there, the
+laird of Colzean, whose servant he had been, dreaming of him in his
+sleep, and that he had a particular mark upon his body, came and took up
+the body, and found it to be the same person; and caused all that lived
+near by come and touch the corpse, as is usual in such cases. All round
+the place came but Auchindrane and his son, whom nobody suspected, till
+a young child of his, Mary Muir, seeing the people examined, came in
+among them; and, when she came near the dead body, it sprang out
+in bleeding; upon which they were apprehended, and put to the
+torture."--WODROW'S _History_, Vol. I. p. 513. The trial of Auchindrane
+happened in 1611. He was convicted and executed.--HUME'S _Criminal Law_,
+Vol. I. p. 428.
+
+A yet more dreadful case was that of Philip Standfield, tried upon the
+30th November, 1687, for cursing his father (which, by the Scottish law,
+is a capital crime, _Act 1661, Chap_. 20), and for being accessory
+to his murder. Sir James Standfield, the deceased, was a person of
+melancholy temperament; so that, when his body was found in a pond near
+his own house of Newmilns, he was at first generally supposed to have
+drowned himself. But, the body having been hastily buried, a report
+arose that he had been strangled by ruffians, instigated by his son
+Philip, a profligate youth, whom be had disinherited on account of his
+gross debauchery. Upon this rumour, the Privy Council granted warrant to
+two surgeons of character, named Crawford and Muirhead, to dig up the
+body, and to report the state in which they should find it. Philip
+was present on this occasion, and the evidence of both surgeons bears
+distinctly, that he stood for some time at a distance from the body
+of his parent; but, being called upon to assist in stretching out
+the corpse, he put his hand to the head, when the mouth and nostrils
+instantly gushed with blood. This circumstance, with the evident
+symptoms of terror and remorse, exhibited by young Standfield, seem to
+have had considerable weight with the jury, and are thus stated in the
+indictment: "That his (the deceased's) nearest relations being required
+to lift the corpse into the coffin, after it had been inspected, upon
+the said Philip Standfield touching of it (_according to God's usual
+mode of discovering murder_), it bled afresh upon the said Philip; and
+that thereupon he let the body fall, and fled from it in the greatest
+consternation, crying, Lord have mercy upon me!" The prisoner was found
+guilty of being accessory to the murder of his father, although there
+was little more than strong presumptions against him. It is true, he was
+at the same time separately convicted of the distinct crimes of having
+cursed his father, and drank damnation to the monarchy and hierarchy.
+His sentence, which was to have his tongue cut out, and hand struck off,
+previous to his being hanged, was executed with the utmost rigour. He
+denied the murder with his last breath. "It is," says a contemporary
+judge, "a dark case of divination, to be remitted to the great day,
+whether he was guilty or innocent. Only it is certain he
+was a bad youth, and may serve as a beacon to all profligate
+persons."--FOUNTAINHALL'S _Decisions_, Vol. I. p. 483.
+
+While all ranks believed alike the existence of these prodigies, the
+vulgar were contented to refer them to the immediate interference of the
+Deity, or, as they termed it, God's revenge against murder. But those,
+who, while they had overleaped the bounds of superstition, were still
+entangled in the mazes of mystic philosophy, amongst whom we must
+reckon many of the medical practitioners, endeavoured to explain the
+phenomenon, by referring to the secret power of sympathy, which even
+Bacon did not venture to dispute. To this occult agency was imputed the
+cure of wounds, effected by applying salves and powders, not to
+the wound itself, but to the sword or dagger, by which it had been
+inflicted; a course of treatment, which, wonderful as it may at first
+seem, was certainly frequently attended with signal success.[A] This,
+however, was attributed to magic, and those, who submitted to such a
+mode of cure, were refused spiritual assistance.
+
+[Footnote A: The first part of the process was to wash the wound clean,
+and bind it up so as to promote adhesion, and exclude the air. Now,
+though the remedies, afterwards applied to the sword, could hardly
+promote so desirable an issue, yet it is evident the wound stood a good
+chance of healing by the operation of nature, which, I believe, medical
+gentlemen call a cure by the first intention.]
+
+The vulgar continue to believe firmly in the phenomenon of the murdered
+corpse bleeding at the approach of the murderer. "Many (I adopt the
+words of an ingenious correspondent) are the proofs advanced in
+confirmation of the opinion, against those who are so hardy as to doubt
+it; but one, in particular, as it is said to have happened in this
+place, I cannot help repeating.
+
+"Two young men, going a fishing in the river Yarrow, fell out; and so
+high ran the quarrel, that the one, in a passion, stabbed the other to
+the heart with a fish spear. Astonished "at the rash act, he hesitated
+whether to fly, give himself up to justice, or conceal the crime; and,
+in the end, fixed on the latter expedient, burying the body of his
+friend very deep in the sands. As the meeting had been accidental, he
+was never from gaiety to a settled melancholy. Time passed on for
+the space of fifty years, when a smith, fishing near the same place,
+discovered an uncommon and curious bone, which he put in his pocket,
+and afterwards showed to some people in his smithy. The murderer being
+present, now an old white-headed man, leaning on his staff, desired a
+sight of the little bone; but how horrible was the issue! no sooner had
+he touched it, than it streamed with purple blood. Being told where it
+was found, he confessed the crime, was condemned, but was prevented, by
+death, from suffering the punishment due to his crime.
+
+"Such opinions, though reason forbids us to believe them, a few moments
+reflection on the cause of their origin will teach us to revere. Under
+the feudal system which prevailed, the rights of humanity were too often
+violated, and redress very hard to be procured; thus an awful deference
+to one of the leading attributes of Omnipotence begat on the mind,
+untutored by philosophy, the first germ of these supernatural effects;
+which was, by superstitious zeal, assisted, perhaps, by a few instances
+of sudden remorse, magnified into evidence of indisputable guilt."
+
+
+
+THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.
+
+NOW FIRST PUBLISHED IN A PERFECT STATE.
+
+
+Lochroyan, whence this ballad probably derives its name, lies in
+Galloway. The lover, who, if the story be real, may be supposed to have
+been detained by sickness, is represented, in the legend, as confined by
+Fairy charms in an enchanted castle situated in the sea. The ruins of
+ancient edifices are still visible on the summits of most of those
+small islands, or rather insulated rocks, which lie along the coast of
+Ayrshire and Galloway; as Ailsa and Big Scaur.
+
+This edition of the ballad obtained is composed of verses selected from
+three MS. copies, and two from recitation. Two of the copies are in
+Herd's MSS.; the third in that of Mrs Brown of Falkland.
+
+A fragment of the original song, which is sometimes denominated _Lord
+Gregory_, or _Love Gregory_, was published in Mr Herd's Collection,
+1774, and, still more fully, in that of Laurie and Symington, 1792. The
+story has been celebrated both by Burns and Dr Wolcott.
+
+
+
+THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.
+
+
+  "O wha will shoe my bonny foot?
+   "And wha will glove my hand?
+  "And wha will lace my middle jimp
+   "W' a lang lang linen band?
+
+  "O wha will kame my yellow hair
+   "With a new made silver kame?
+  "And wha will father my young son
+   "Till Lord Gregory come hame?"
+
+  "Thy father will shoe thy bonny foot,
+   "Thy mother will glove thy hand,
+  "Thy sister will lace thy middle jimp,
+   "Till Lord Gregory come to land.
+
+  "Thy brother will kame thy yellow hair
+    "With a new made silver kame,
+  "And God will be thy bairn's father
+    "Till Lord Gregory come hame."
+
+  "But I will get a bonny boat,
+    "And I will sail the sea;
+  "And I will gang to Lord Gregory,
+    "Since he canna come hame to me."
+
+  Syne she's gar'd build a bonny boat,
+    To sail the salt salt sea:
+  The sails were o' the light-green silk,
+    The tows[A] o' taffety.
+
+  She hadna sailed but twenty leagues,
+    But twenty leagues and three,
+  When she met wi' a rank robber,
+    And a' his company.
+
+  "Now whether are ye the queen hersell,
+    "(For so ye weel might be)
+  "Or are ye the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "Seekin' Lord Gregory?"
+
+  "O I am neither the queen," she said,
+    "Nor sic I seem to be;
+  "But I am the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "Seekin' Lord Gregory."
+
+  "O see na thou yon bonny bower?
+    "Its a' covered o'er wi' tiu:
+  "When thou hast sailed it round about,
+    "Lord Gregory is within."
+
+  And when she saw the stately tower
+    Shining sae clear and bright,
+  Whilk stood aboon the jawing[B] wave,
+    Built on a rock of height;
+
+  Says--"Row the boat, my mariners,
+    "And bring me to the land!
+  "For yonder I see my love's castle
+    "Close by the salt sea strand."
+
+  She sailed it round, and sailed it round,
+    And loud, loud, cried she--
+  "Now break, now break, ye Fairy charms,
+    "And set my true love free!"
+
+  She's ta'en her young son in her arms,
+   And to the door she's gane;
+  And long she knocked, and sair she ca'd,
+   But answer got she nane.
+
+  "O open the door, Lord Gregory!
+   "O open, and let me in!
+  "For the wind blaws through my yellow hair,
+   "And the rain drops o'er my chin."
+
+  "Awa, awa, ye ill woman!
+   "Ye're no come here for good!
+  "Ye're but some witch, or wil warlock,
+   "Or mermaid o' the flood."
+
+  "I am neither witch, nor wil warlock,
+   "Nor mermaid o' the sea;
+  "But I am Annie of Lochroyan;
+   "O open the door to me!"
+
+  "Gin thou be Annie of Lochroyan,
+   "(As I trow thou binna she)
+  "Now tell me some o' the love tokens
+   "That past between thee and me."
+
+  "O dinna ye mind, Lord Gregory,
+    "As we sat at the wine,
+  "We chang'd the rings frae our fingers,
+    "And I can shew thee thine?
+
+  "O your's was gude, and gude enough,
+    "But ay the best was mine;
+  "For your's was o' the gude red gowd,
+    "But mine o' the diamond fine.
+
+  "And has na thou mind, Lord Gregory,
+    "As we sat on the hill,
+  "Thou twin'd me o' my maidenheid
+    "Right sair against my will?
+
+  "Now, open the door, Lord Gregory!
+    "Open the door, I pray!
+  "For thy young son is in my arms,
+    "And will be dead ere day."
+
+  "If thou be the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "(As I kenna thou be)
+  "Tell me some mair o' the love tokens
+    "Past between me and thee."
+
+  Fair Annie turned her round about--
+    "Weel! since that it be sae,
+  "May never woman, that has borne a son,
+    "Hae a heart sae fu' o' wae!
+
+  "Take down, take down, that mast o' gowd!
+    "Set up a mast o' tree!
+  "It disna become a forsaken lady.
+    "To sail sae royallie."
+
+  When the cock had crawn, and the day did dawn.
+    And the sun began to peep,
+  Then up and raise him, Lord Gregory,
+    And sair, sair did he weep.
+
+  "O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,
+    "I wish it may prove true!
+  "That the bonny lass of Lochroyan
+    "Was at the yate e'en now.
+
+  "O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,
+    "The thought o't gars me greet!
+  "That fair Annie o' Lochroyan
+    "Lay cauld dead at my feet."
+
+  "Gin it be for Annie of Lochroyan
+   "That ye make a' this din,
+  "She stood a' last night at your door,
+   "But I trow she wanna in."
+
+  "O wae betide ye, ill woman!
+   "An ill deid may ye die!
+  "That wadna open the door to her,
+   "Nor yet wad waken me."
+
+  O he's gane down to yon shore side
+   As fast as he could fare;
+  He saw fair Annie in the boat,
+   But the wind it tossed her sair.
+
+  "And hey Annie, and how Annie!
+   "O Annie, winna ye bide!"
+  But ay the mair he cried Annie,
+   The braider grew the tide.
+
+  "And hey Annie, and how Annie!
+   "Dear Annie, speak to me!"
+  But ay the louder he cried Annie,
+   The louder roared the sea.
+
+  The wind blew loud, the sea grew rough,
+    And dashed the boat on shore;
+  Fair Annie floated through the faem,
+    But the babie raise no more.
+
+  Lord Gregory tore his yellow hair,
+    And made a heavy moan;
+  Fair Annie's corpse lay at his feet,
+    Her bonny young son was gone.
+
+  O cherry, cherry was her cheek,
+    And gowden was her hair;
+  But clay-cold were her rosy lips--
+    Nae spark o' life was there.
+
+  And first he kissed her cherry cheek,
+    And syne he kissed her chin,
+  And syne he kissed her rosy lips--
+    There was nae breath within.
+
+  "O wae betide my cruel mother!
+    "An ill death may she die!
+  "She turned my true love frae my door,
+    "Wha came sae far to me.
+
+  "O wae betide my cruel mother!
+    "An ill death may she die!
+  "She turned fair Annie frae my door,
+    "Wha died for love o' me."
+
+[Footnote A: _Tows_--Ropes.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Jawing_--Dashing.]
+
+
+
+ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILLY.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_This legendary Tale is given chiefly from Mrs_ BROWN'S _MS.
+Accordingly, many of the rhymes arise from the Northern mode of
+pronunciation; as_ dee _for_ do, _and the like.--Perhaps the Ballad may
+have originally related to the history of the celebrated_ ROBIN HOOD;
+_as mention is made of Barnisdale, his favourite abode._
+
+  O Rose the Red, and White Lilly,
+   Their mother deir was dead:
+  And their father has married an ill woman,
+   Wished them twa little guid.
+
+  But she had twa as gallant sons
+   As ever brake man's bread;
+  And the tane o' them lo'ed her, White Lilly,
+   And the tother Rose the Red.
+
+  O bigged hae they a bigly bour,
+    Fast by the roaring strand;
+  And there was mair mirth in the ladyes' bour,
+    Nor in a' their father's land.
+
+  But out and spake their step-mother,
+    As she stood a little forebye--
+  "I hope to live and play the prank,
+    "Sall gar your loud sang lie."
+
+  She's call'd upon her eldest son;
+    "Cum here, my son, to me:
+  "It fears me sair, my bauld Arthur,
+    "That ye maun sail the sea."
+
+  "Gin sae it maun be, my deir mother,
+    "Your bidding I maun dee;
+  "But, be never waur to Rose the Red,
+    "Than ye hae been to me."
+
+  She's called upon her youngest son;
+    "Cum here, my son, to me:
+  "It fears me sair, my Brown Robin,
+    "That ye maun sail the sea."
+
+  "Gin it fear ye sair, my mother deir,
+    "Your bidding I sall dee;
+  But, be never waur to White Lilly,
+    "Than ye hae been to me."
+
+  "Now hand your tongues, ye foolish boys!
+    "For small sall be their part:
+  "They ne'er again sall see your face,
+    "Gin their very hearts suld break."
+
+  Sae Bauld Arthur's gane to our king's court,
+    His hie chamberlain to be;
+  But Brown Robin, he has slain a knight,
+    And to grene-wood he did flee.
+
+  When Rose the Red, and White Lilly,
+    Saw their twa loves were gane,
+  Sune did they drop the loud loud sang,
+    Took up the still mourning.
+
+  And out then spake her White Lilly;
+    "My sister, we'll be gane:
+  "Why suld we stay in Barnisdale,
+    "To mourn our hour within?"
+
+  O cutted hae they their green cloathing,
+    A little abune their knee;
+  And sae hae they their yellow hair,
+    A little abune their bree.
+
+  And left hae they that bonny hour,
+    To cross the raging sea;
+  And they hae ta'en to a holy chapel,
+    Was christened by Our Ladye.
+
+  And they hae changed their twa names,
+    Sae far frae ony toun;
+  And the tane o' them's hight Sweet Willie,
+    And the tother's Rouge the Rounde.
+
+  Between the twa a promise is,
+    And they hae sworn it to fulfill;
+  Whenever the tane blew a bugle-horn,
+    The tother suld cum her till.
+
+  Sweet Willy's gane to the king's court,
+    Her true love for to see;
+  And Rouge the Rounde to gude grene-wood,
+    Brown Robin's man to be.
+
+  O it fell anes, upon a time,
+    They putted at the stane;
+  And seven foot ayont them a',
+    Brown Robin's gar'd it gang.
+
+  She lifted the heavy putting-stane,
+    And gave a sad "O hon!"
+  Then out bespake him, Brown Robin,
+    "But that's a woman's moan!"
+
+  "O kent ye by my rosy lips?
+    "Or by my yellow hair?
+  "Or kent ye by my milk-white breast,
+    "Ye never yet saw bare?"
+
+  "I kent na by your rosy lips,
+    "Nor by your yellow hair;
+  "But, cum to your bour whaever likes,
+    "They'll find a ladye there."
+
+  "O gin ye come my bour within,
+    "Through fraud, deceit, or guile,
+  "Wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,
+    "I vow I will thee kill."
+
+  "Yet durst I cum into your bour,
+   "And ask nae leave," quo' he;
+  "And wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,
+   "Wave danger back on thee."
+
+  About the dead hour o' the night,
+   The ladye's bour was broken;
+  And, about the first hour o' the day,
+   The fair knave bairn was gotten.
+
+  When days were gane, and months were come,
+   The ladye was sad and wan;
+  And aye she cried for a bour woman,
+   For to wait her upon.
+
+  Then up and spake him, Brown Robin,
+   "And what needs this?" quo' he;
+  "Or what can woman do for you,
+   "That canna be done by me?"
+
+  "'Twas never my mother's fashion," she said,
+   "Nor shall it e'er be mine,
+  "That belted knights should e'er remain
+   "While ladyes dree'd their pain.
+
+  "But, gin ye take that bugle-horn,
+    "And wind a blast sae shrill,
+  "I hae a brother in yonder court,
+    "Will cum me quickly till."
+
+  "O gin ye hae a brother on earth,
+    "That ye lo'e mair than me,
+  "Ye may blaw the horn yoursell," he says,
+    "For a blast I winna gie."
+
+  She's ta'en the bugle in her hand,
+    And blawn baith loud and shrill;
+  Sweet William started at the sound,
+    And cam her quickly till.
+
+  O up and starts him, Brown Robin,
+    And swore by Our Ladye,
+  "No man shall cum into this hour,
+    "But first maun fight wi' me."
+
+  O they hae fought the wood within,
+    Till the sun was going down;
+  And drops o' blood, frae Rose the Red,
+    Came pouring to the ground.
+
+  She leant her back against an aik,
+    Said--"Robin, let me be:
+  "For it is a ladye, bred and born,
+    "That has fought this day wi' thee."
+
+  O seven foot he started back.
+    Cried--"Alas and woe is me!
+  "For I wished never, in all my life,
+    "A woman's bluid to see:
+
+  "And that all for the knightly vow
+    "I swore to Our Ladye;
+  "But mair for the sake o' ae fair maid,
+    "Whose name was White Lilly."
+
+  Then out and spake her, Rouge the Rounde,
+    And leugh right heartilie,
+  "She has been wi' you this year and mair,
+    "Though ye wistna it was she."
+
+  Now word has gane through all the land,
+    Before a month was gane,
+  That a forester's page, in gude grene-wood,
+    Had borne a bonny son.
+
+  The marvel gaed to the king's court,
+    And to the king himsell;
+  "Now, by my fay," the king did say,
+    "The like was never heard tell!"
+
+  Then out and spake him, Bauld Arthur,
+    And laugh'd right loud and hie--
+  "I trow some may has plaid the lown,[A]
+    "And fled her ain countrie."
+
+  "Bring me my steid!" the king can say;
+    "My bow and arrows keen;
+  "And I'll gae hunt in yonder wood,
+    "And see what's to be seen."
+
+  "Gin it please your grace," quo' Bauld Arthur,
+    "My liege, I'll gang you wi';
+  "And see gin I can meet a bonny page,
+    "That's stray'd awa frae me."
+
+  And they hae chaced in gude grene-wood,
+    The buck but and the rae,
+  Till they drew near Brown Robin's hour,
+    About the close o' day.
+
+  Then out and spake the king himsell,
+   Says--"Arthur, look and see,
+  "Gin you be not your favourite page,
+   "That leans against yon tree."
+
+  O Arthur's ta'en a bugle-horn,
+   And blawn a blast sae shrill;
+  Sweet Willie started to her feet,
+   And ran him quickly till.
+
+  "O wanted ye your meat, Willie,
+   "Or wanted ye your fee?
+  "Or gat ye e'er an angry word,
+   "That ye ran awa frae me?"
+
+  "I wanted nought, my master dear;
+   "To me ye aye was good:
+  "I cam to see my ae brother,
+   "That wons in this grene-wood."
+
+  Then out bespake the king again,--
+   "My boy, now tell to me,
+  "Who dwells into yon bigly bour,
+   "Beneath yon green aik tree?"
+
+  "O pardon me," said Sweet Willy;
+    "My liege I dare na tell;
+  "And gang na near yon outlaw's bour,
+    "For fear they suld you kill."
+
+  "O hand your tongue, my bonny boy!
+    "For I winna be said nay;
+  "But I will gang yon hour within,
+    "Betide me weal or wae."
+
+  They have lighted frae their milk-white steids,
+    And saftly entered in;
+  And there they saw her, White Lilly,
+    Nursing her bonny young son.
+
+  "Now, by the mass," the king he said,
+    "This is a comely sight;
+  "I trow, instead of a forester's man,
+    "This is a ladye bright!"
+
+  O out and spake her, Rose the Red,
+    And fell low on her knee:--
+  "O pardon us, my gracious liege,
+    "And our story I'll tell thee.
+
+  "Our father is a wealthy lord,
+    "Lives into Barnisdale;
+  "But we had a wicked step-mother,
+    "That wrought us meikle bale.
+
+  "Yet had she twa as fu' fair sons,
+    "As e'er the sun did see;
+  "And the tane o' them lo'ed my sister deir,
+    "And the tother said he lo'ed me."
+
+  Then out and cried him, Bauld Arthur,
+    As by the king he stood,--
+  "Now, by the faith of my body,
+    "This suld be Rose the Red!
+
+  The king has sent for robes o' grene,
+    And girdles o' shining gold;
+  And sae sune have the ladyes busked themselves,
+    Sae glorious to behold.
+
+  Then in and came him, Brown Robin,
+    Frae hunting o' the king's deer,
+  But when he saw the king himsell,
+    He started back for fear.
+
+  The king has ta'en Robin by the hand,
+   And bade him nothing dread,
+  But quit for aye the gude grene wood,
+   And cum to the court wi' speed.
+
+  The king has ta'en White Lilly's son,
+   And set him on his knee;
+  Says--"Gin ye live to wield a brand,
+   "My bowman thou sall be."
+
+  They have ta'en them to the holy chapelle,
+   And there had fair wedding;
+  And when they cam to the king's court,
+   For joy the bells did ring.
+
+[Footnote A: _Lown_--Rogue.]
+
+
+
+END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,
+Vol. II (of 3), by Walter Scott
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12882 ***
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12882 ***</div>
+
+<br><h1>MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER:</h1>
+<br>
+
+<p>CONSISTING OF
+HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC BALLADS,
+COLLECTED
+IN THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES OF SCOTLAND; WITH A FEW
+OF MODERN DATE, FOUNDED UPON
+LOCAL TRADITION.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>IN THREE VOLUMES.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>VOL. II.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The songs, to savage virtue dear.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">That won of yore the public ear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Ere Polity, sedate and sage,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Had quench'd the fires of feudal rage.&mdash;WARTON.</span><br>
+<br>
+
+<p>THIRD EDITION.</p>
+
+<p>1806.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>CONTENTS
+
+TO
+THE SECOND VOLUME.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>
+<a href="#l">LESLEY'S MARCH</a><br>
+The Battle of Philiphaugh<br>
+The Gallant Grahams<br>
+The Battle of Pentland Hills<br>
+The Battle of Loudon-hill<br>
+The Battle of Bothwell-bridge</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#b">ROMANTIC BALLADS.</a></p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Scottish Music, an Ode<br>
+Introduction to the Tale of Tamlane<br>
+The Young Tamlane<br>
+Erlinton<br>
+The Twa Corbies<br>
+The Douglas Tragedy<br>
+Young Benjie<br>
+Lady Anne<br>
+Lord William<br>
+The Broomfield-Hill<br>
+Proud Lady Margaret<br>
+The Original Ballad of the Broom of Cowdenknows<br>
+Lord Randal<br>
+Sir Hugh Le Blond<br>
+Graeme and Bewick<br>
+The Duel of Wharton and Stuart, Part I.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part II.</span><br>
+The Lament of the Border Widow<br>
+Fair Helen of Kirkonnel, Part I.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part II.</span><br>
+Hughie the Graeme<br>
+Johnie of Breadislee<br>
+Katherine Janfarie<br>
+The Laird o' Logie<br>
+A Lyke-wake Dirge<br>
+The Dowie Dens of Yarrow<br>
+The Gay Goss Hawk<br>
+Brown Adam<br>
+Jellon Grame<br>
+Willie's Ladye<br>
+Clerk Saunders<br>
+Earl Richard<br>
+The Lass of Lochroyan<br>
+Rose the Red and White Lilly</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>PART FIRST.&mdash;CONTINUED.</p>
+
+<p><i>HISTORICAL BALLADS.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;">
+<a name="LESLYS_MARCH"></a><h2>LESLY'S MARCH.</h2>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, O my country! how shall memory trace</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy glories, lost in either Charles's days,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When through thy fields destructive rapine spread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor sparing infants' tears, nor hoary head!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;In those dread days, the unprotected swain</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Mourn'd, in the mountains, o'er his wasted plain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor longer vocal, with the shepherd's lay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Were Yarrow's banks, or groves of Endermay.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">LANGHORN&mdash;<i>Genius and Valour.</i></span><br>
+<br>
+
+<p>Such are the verses, in which a modern bard has painted the desolate
+state of Scotland, during a period highly unfavourable to poetical
+composition. Yet the civil and religious wars of the seventeenth century
+have afforded some subjects for traditionary poetry, and the reader is
+here presented with the ballads of that disastrous aera. Some prefatory
+history may not be unacceptable.</p>
+
+<p>That the Reformation was a good and a glorious work, few will be such
+slavish bigots as to deny. But the enemy came, by night, and sowed tares
+among the wheat; or rather; the foul and rank soil, upon which the seed
+was thrown, pushed forth, together with the rising crop, a plentiful
+proportion of pestilential weeds. The morals of the reformed clergy were
+severe; their learning was usually respectable, sometimes profound;
+and their eloquence, though often coarse, was vehement, animated, and
+popular. But they never could forget, that their rise had been achieved
+by the degradation, if not the fall, of the crown; and hence, a body of
+men, who, in most countries, have been attached to monarchy, were in
+Scotland, for nearly two centuries, sometimes the avowed enemies, always
+the ambitious rivals, of their prince. The disciples of Calvin could
+scarcely avoid a tendency to democracy, and the republican form of
+church government was sometimes hinted at, as no unfit model for the
+state; at least, the kirkmen laboured to impress, upon their followers
+and hearers, the fundamental principle, that the church should be solely
+governed by those, unto whom God had given the spiritual sceptre. The
+elder Melvine, in a conference with James VI., seized the monarch by the
+sleeve, and, addressing him as <i>God's sillie vassal</i>, told him, &quot;There
+are two kings, and two kingdomes. There is Christ, and his kingdome, the
+kirke; whose subject King James the sixth is, and of whose kingdome he
+is not a king, nor a head, nor a lord, but a member; and they, whom
+Christ hath called and commanded to watch ower his kirke, and govern his
+spiritual kingdome, have sufficient authorise and power from him so to
+do; which no christian king, no prince, should controul or discharge,
+but fortifie and assist: otherwise they are not faithful subjects to
+Christ.&quot;&mdash;<i>Calderwood</i>, p. 329. The delegated theocracy, thus sternly
+claimed, was exercised with equal rigour. The offences in the king's
+household fell under their unceremonious jurisdiction, and he was
+formally reminded of his occasional neglect to say grace before and
+after meat&mdash;his repairing to hear the word more rarely than was
+fitting&mdash;his profane banning and swearing, and keeping of evil
+company&mdash;and finally, of his queen's carding, dancing, night-walking,
+and such like profane pastimes.&mdash;<i>Calderwood</i>, p. 313. A curse, direct
+or implied, was formally denounced against every man, horse, and spear,
+who should assist the king in his quarrel with the Earl of Gowrie; and
+from the pulpit, the favourites of the listening sovereign were likened
+to Haman, his wife to Herodias, and he himself to Ahab, to Herod, and
+to Jeroboam. These effusions of zeal could not be very agreeable to the
+temper of James: and accordingly, by a course of slow, and often crooked
+and cunning policy, he laboured to arrange the church-government upon
+a less turbulent and menacing footing. His eyes were naturally turned
+towards the English hierarchy, which had been modelled, by the despotic
+Henry VIII., into such a form, as to connect indissolubly the interest
+of the church with that of the regal power.<a name="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1"><sup>[A]</sup></a> The Reformation, in
+England, had originated in the arbitrary will of the prince; in
+Scotland, and in all other countries of Europe, it had commenced among
+insurgents of the lower ranks. Hence, the deep and essential
+difference which separated the Huguenots, the Lutherans, the Scottish
+presbyterians, and, in fine, all the other reformed churches, from that
+of England. But James, with a timidity which sometimes supplies the
+place of prudence, contented himself with gradually imposing upon the
+Scottish nation a limited and moderate system of episcopacy, which,
+while it gave to a proportion of the churchmen a seat in the council of
+the nation, induced them to look up to the sovereign, as the power to
+whose influence they owed their elevation. But, in other respects, James
+spared the prejudices of his subjects; no ceremonial ritual was imposed
+upon their consciences; the pastors were reconciled by the prospect of
+preferment,<a name="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the dress and train of the bishops were plain and decent;
+the system of tythes was placed upon a moderate and unoppressive
+footing;<a name="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3"><sup>[C]</sup></a> and, perhaps, on the whole, the Scottish hierarchy contained
+as few objectionable points as any system of church-government in
+Europe. Had it subsisted to the present day, although its doctrines
+could not have been more pure, nor its morals more exemplary, than those
+of the present kirk of Scotland, yet its degrees of promotion might have
+afforded greater encouragement to learning, and objects of laudable
+ambition to those, who might dedicate themselves to its service. But
+the precipitate bigotry of the unfortunate Charles I. was a blow to
+episcopacy in Scotland, from which it never perfectly recovered.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Of this the Covenanters were so sensible, as to trace
+(what they called) the Antichristian hierarchy, with its idolatry,
+superstition, and human inventions, &quot;to the prelacy of England, the
+fountain whence all these Babylonish streams issue unto us.&quot;&mdash;See their
+manifesto on entering England, in 1640.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Many of the preachers, who had been loudest in the cause of
+presbytery, were induced to accept of bishoprics. Such was, for example,
+William Cooper, who was created bishop of Galloway. This recreant Mass
+John was a hypochondriac, and conceived his lower extremities to be
+composed of glass; hence, on his court advancement, the following
+epigram was composed:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>&quot;Aureus heu! frugilem confregit malleus urnam.&quot;</i></span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> This part of the system was perfected in the reign of
+Charles I.</p></div>
+
+<p>It has frequently happened, that the virtues of the individual, at least
+their excess (if, indeed, there can be an excess in virtue), have been
+fatal to the prince. Never was this more fully exemplified than in the
+history of Charles I. His zeal for religion, his family affection, the
+spirit with which he defended his supposed rights, while they do honour
+to the man, were the fatal shelves upon which the monarchy was wrecked.
+Impatient to accomplish the total revolution, which his father's
+cautious timidity had left incomplete, Charles endeavoured at once to
+introduce into Scotland the church-government, and to renew, in England,
+the temporal domination, of his predecessor, Henry VIII. The furious
+temper of the Scottish nation first took fire; and the brandished
+footstool of a prostitute<a name="FNanchor_A_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_4"><sup>[A]</sup></a> gave the signal for civil dissension,
+which ceased not till the church was buried under the ruins of the
+constitution; till the nation had stooped to a military despotism; and
+the monarch to the block of the executioner.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_4">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;<i>Out, false loon! wilt thou say the mass at my lug
+(ear)</i>,&quot; was the well known exclamation of Margaret Geddes, as she
+discharged her missile tripod against the bishop of Edinburgh, who,
+in obedience to the orders of the privy-council, was endeavouring to
+rehearse the common prayer. Upon a seat more elevated, the said Margaret
+had shortly before done penance, before the congregation, for the sin of
+fornication: such, at least, is the tory tradition.</p></div>
+
+<p>The consequence of Charles' hasty and arbitrary measures were soon
+evident. The united nobility, gentry, and clergy of Scotland, entered
+into the SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, by which memorable deed, they
+subscribed and swore a national renunciation of the hierarchy. The walls
+of the prelatic Jericho (to use the language of the times) were thus
+levelled with the ground, and the curse of Hiel, the Bethelite,
+denounced against those who should rebuild them. While the clergy
+thundered, from the pulpits, against the prelatists and malignants (by
+which names were distinguished the scattered and heartless adherents of
+Charles), the nobility and gentry, in arms, hurried to oppose the march
+of the English army, which now advanced towards their borders. At the
+head of their defensive forces they placed Alexander Lesley, who, with
+many of his best officers, had been trained to war under the great
+Gustavus Adolphus. They soon assembled an army of 26,000 men, whose
+camp, upon Dunse-law, is thus described by an eye-witness.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Mr Baillie acknowledges, that it was an agreeable feast to his eyes,
+to survey the place: it is a round hill, about a Scots mile in circle,
+rising, with very little declivity, to the height of a bow-shot, and the
+head somewhat plain, and near a quarter of a mile in length and breadth;
+on the top it was garnished with near forty field pieces, pointed
+towards the east and south. The colonels, who were mostly noblemen, as
+Rothes, Cassilis, Eglinton, Dalhousie, Lindsay, Lowdon, Boyd, Sinclair,
+Balcarras, Flemyng, Kirkcudbright, Erskine, Montgomery, Yester, &amp;c.
+lay in large tents at the head of their respective regiments; their
+captains, who generally were barons, or chief gentlemen, lay around
+them: next to these were the lieutenants, who were generally old
+veterans, and had served in that, or a higher station, over sea; and the
+common soldiers lay outmost, all in huts of timber, covered with divot,
+or straw. Every company, which, according to the first plan, did consist
+of two hundred men, had their colours flying at the captain's tent door,
+with the Scots arms upon them, and this motto, in golden letters, &quot;FOR
+CHRIST'S CROWN AND COVENANT.&quot; Against this army, so well arrayed and
+disciplined, and whose natural hardihood was edged and exalted by a high
+opinion of their sacred cause, Charles marched at the head of a large
+force, but divided, by the emulation of the commanders, and enervated,
+by disuse of arms. A faintness of spirit pervaded the royal army, and
+the king stooped to a treaty with his Scottish subjects. The treaty was
+soon broken; and, in the following year, Dunse-law again presented the
+same edifying spectacle of a presbyterian army. But the Scots were not
+contented with remaining there. They passed the Tweed; and the English
+troops, in a skirmish at Newburn, shewed either more disaffection,
+or cowardice, than had at any former period disgraced their national
+character. This war was concluded by the treaty of Rippon; in
+consequence of which, and of Charles's concessions, made during his
+subsequent visit to his native country, the Scottish parliament
+congratulated him on departing &quot;a contented king, from a contented
+people.&quot; If such content ever existed, it was of short duration.</p>
+
+<p>The storm, which had been soothed to temporary rest in Scotland, burst
+forth in England with treble violence. The popular clamour accused
+Charles, or his ministers, of fetching into Britain the religion of
+Rome, and the policy of Constantinople. The Scots felt most keenly the
+first, and the English the second, of these aggressions. Accordingly,
+when the civil war of England broke forth, the Scots nation, for a time,
+regarded it in neutrality, though not with indifference. But, when the
+successes of a prelatic monarch, against a presbyterian parliament, were
+paving the way for rebuilding the system of hierarchy, they could no
+longer remain inactive. Bribed by the delusive promise of Sir Henry
+Vane, and Marshall, the parliamentary commissioners, that the church of
+England should be reformed, <i>according to the word of God</i>, which, they
+fondly believed, amounted to an adoption of presbytery, they agreed to
+send succours to their brethren of England. Alexander Lesly, who ought
+to have ranked among the <i>contented</i> subjects, having been raised by the
+king to the honours of Earl of Leven, was, nevertheless, readily induced
+to accept the command of this second army. Doubtless, where insurrection
+is not only pardoned, but rewarded, a monarch has little right to expect
+gratitude for benefits, which all the world, as well as the receiver,
+must attribute to fear. Yet something is due to decency; and the best
+apology for Lesly, is his zeal for propagating presbyterianism in
+England, the bait which had caught the whole parliament of Scotland.
+But, although the Earl of Leven was commander in chief, David Lesly, a
+yet more renowned and active soldier than himself, was major-general of
+the cavalry, and, in truth, bore away the laurels of the expedition.</p>
+
+<p>The words of the following march, which was played in the van of this
+presbyterian crusade, were first published by Allan Ramsay, in his
+<i>Evergreen</i>; and they breathe the very spirit we might expect. Mr
+Ritson, in his collection of Scottish songs, has favoured the public
+with the music, which seems to have been adapted to the bagpipes.</p>
+
+<p>The hatred of the old presbyterians to the organ was, apparently,
+invincible. It is here vilified with the name of a &quot;<i>chest-full of
+whistles</i>,&quot; as the episcopal chapel at Glasgow was, by the vulgar,
+opprobriously termed the <i>Whistling Kirk</i>. Yet, such is the revolution
+of sentiment upon this, as upon more important points, that reports have
+lately been current, of a plan to introduce this noble instrument into
+presbyterian congregations.</p>
+
+<p>The share, which Lesly's army bore in the action of Marston Moor, has
+been exalted, or depressed, as writers were attached to the English or
+Scottish nations, to the presbyterian or independent factions. Mr Laing
+concludes, with laudable impartiality, that the victory was equally due
+to &quot;Cromwell's iron brigade of disciplined independents, and to three
+regiments of Lesly's horse.&quot;&mdash;Vol I. p. 244.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p><a name="l">LESLY'S MARCH.</a></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">March! march!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Why the devil do ye na march?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stand to your arms, my lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fight in good order;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Front about, ye musketeers all,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till ye come to the English border:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Stand til't, and fight like men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">True gospel to maintain.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The parliament's blythe to see us a' coming.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">When to the kirk we come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">We'll purge it ilka room,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frae popish reliques, and a' sic innovation,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That a' the warld may see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">There's nane in the right but we,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of the auld Scottish nation.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Jenny</i> shall wear the hood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Jocky</i> the sark of God;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the kist-fou of whistles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That mak sic a cleiro,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our piper's braw</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shall hae them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whate'er come on it:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Busk up your plaids, my lads!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Cock up your bonnets!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;"><i>Da Capo.</i></span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is so immediately connected with the former, that the editor
+is enabled to continue his sketch of historical transactions, from the
+march of Lesly.</p>
+
+<p>In the insurrection of 1680, all Scotland, south from the Grampians, was
+actively and zealously engaged. But, after the treaty of Rippon, the
+first fury of the revolutionary torrent may be said to have foamed off
+its force, and many of the nobility began to look round, with horror,
+upon the rocks and shelves amongst which it had hurried them. Numbers
+regarded the defence of Scotland as a just and necessary warfare, who
+did not see the same reason for interfering in the affairs of England.
+The visit of King Charles to the metropolis of his fathers, in all
+probability, produced its effect on his nobles. Some were allied to
+the house of Stuart by blood; all regarded it as the source of their
+honours, and venerated the ancient in obtaining the private objects of
+ambition, or selfish policy which had induced them to rise up against
+the crown. Amongst these late penitents, the well known marquis of
+Montrose was distinguished, as the first who endeavoured to recede from
+the paths of rude rebellion. Moved by the enthusiasm of patriotism, or
+perhaps of religion, but yet more by ambition, the sin of noble
+minds, Montrose had engaged, eagerly and deeply, upon the side of the
+covenanters He had been active in pressing the town of Aberdeen to take
+the covenant, and his success against the Gordons, at the bridge of Dee,
+left that royal burgh no other means of safety from pillage. At the head
+of his own battalion, he waded through the Tweed, in 1640, and totally
+routed the vanguard of the king's cavalry. But, in 1643, moved with
+resentment against the covenanters who preferred, to his prompt and
+ardent character, the caution of the wily and politic earl of Argyle, or
+seeing, perhaps, that the final views of that party were inconsistent
+with the interests of monarchy, and of the constitution, Montrose
+espoused the falling cause of royalty and raised the Highland clans,
+whom he united to a small body of Irish, commanded by Alexander
+Macdonald, still renowned in the north, under the title of Colkitto.
+With these tumultuary and uncertain forces, he rushed forth, like a
+torrent from the mountains, and commenced a rapid and brilliant career
+of victory. At Tippermoor, where he first met the covenanters, their
+defeat was so effectual, as to appal the presbyterian courage, even
+after the lapse of eighty years.<a name="FNanchor_A_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_5"><sup>[A]</sup></a> A second army was defeated under the
+walls of Aberdeen; and the pillage of the ill-fated town was doomed to
+expiate the principles, which Montrose himself had formerly imposed upon
+them. Argyleshire next experienced his arms; the domains of his rival
+were treated with more than military severity; and Argyle himself,
+advancing to Inverlochy for the defence of his country, was totally
+and disgracefully routed by Montrose. Pressed betwixt two armies,
+well appointed, and commanded by the most experienced generals of the
+Covenant, Mozitrose displayed more military skill in the astonishingly
+rapid marches, by which he avoided fighting to disadvantage, than even
+in the field of victory. By one of those hurried marches, from the banks
+of Loch Katrine to the heart of Inverness-shire, he was enabled to
+attack, and totally to defeat, the Covenanters, at Aulderne though he
+brought into the field hardly one half of their forces. Baillie, a
+veteran officer, was next routed by him, at the village of Alford,
+in Strathbogie. Encouraged by these repeated and splendid successes,
+Montrose now descended into the heart of Scotland, and fought a bloody
+and decisive battle, near Kilsyth, where four thousand covenanters fell
+under the Highland claymore.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_5">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Upon the breaking out of the insurrection, in the year
+1715, the earl of Rothes, sheriff and lord-lieutenant of the county of
+Fife, issued out an order for &quot;all the fencible men of the countie to
+meet him, at a place called Cashmoor. The gentlemen took no notice of
+his orders, nor did the commons, except those whom the ministers forced
+to goe to the place of rendezvouse, to the number of fifteen hundred
+men, being all that their utmost diligence could perform. But those of
+that countie, having been taught by their experience, that it is not
+good meddling with edge tools, especiallie in the hands of Highlandmen,
+were very averse from taking armes. No sooner they reflected on the name
+of the place of rendezvouse, Cashmoor, than Tippermoor was called to
+mind; a place not far from thence, where Montrose had routed them, when
+under the command of my great-grand-uncle the earl of Wemyss, then
+generall of God's armie. In a word, the unlucky choice of a place,
+called <i>Moo</i>, appeared ominous; and that, with the flying report of the
+Highlandmen having made themselves masters of Perth, made them throw
+down their armes, and run, notwithstanding the trouble that Rothes and
+the ministers gave themselves to stop them.&quot;&mdash;M.S. <i>Memoirs of Lord St
+Clair.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>This victory opened the whole of Scotland to Montrose He occupied the
+capital, and marched forward to the border; not merely to complete the
+subjection of the southern provinces, but with the flattering hope of
+pouring his victorious army into England, and bringing to the support of
+Charles the sword of his paternal tribes.</p>
+
+<p>Half a century before Montrose's career, the state of the borders was
+such as might have enabled him easily to have accomplished his daring
+plan. The marquis of Douglas, the earls of Hume, Roxburgh, Traquair, and
+Annandale, were all descended of mighty border chiefs, whose ancestors
+could, each of them, have led into the field a body of their own
+vassals, equal in numbers, and superior in discipline, to the army of
+Montrose. But the military spirit of the borderers, and their attachment
+to their chiefs, had been much broken since the union of the crowns. The
+disarming acts of James had been carried rigorously into execution, and
+the smaller proprietors, no longer feeling the necessity of protection
+from their chiefs in war, had aspired to independence, and embraced
+the tenets of the covenant. Without imputing, with Wishart, absolute
+treachery to the border nobles, it may be allowed, that they looked with
+envy upon Montrose, and with dread and aversion upon his rapacious and
+disorderly forces. Hence, had it been in their power, it might not have
+altogether suited their inclinations, to have brought the strength
+of the border lances to the support of the northern clans. The once
+formidable name of Douglas still sufficed to raise some bands, by
+whom Montrose was joined, in his march down the Gala. With these
+reinforcements, and with the remnant of his Highlanders (for a great
+number had returned home with Colkitto, to deposit their plunder, and
+provide for their families), Montrose after traversing the border,
+finally encamped upon the field of Philiphaugh.</p>
+
+<p>The river Ettrick, immediately after its junction with the Yarrow, and
+previous to its falling into the Tweed, makes a large sweep to the
+southward, and winds almost beneath the lofty bank, on which the town
+of Selkirk stands; leaving, upon the northern side, a large and level
+plain, extending in an easterly direction, from a hill, covered with
+natural copse-wood, called the Harehead-wood, to the high ground which
+forms the banks of the Tweed, near Sunderland-hall. This plain is called
+Philliphaugh:<a name="FNanchor_A_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_6"><sup>[A]</sup></a> it is about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter
+of a mile broad; and, being defended, to the northward, by the high
+hills which separate Tweed from Yarrow, by the river in front, and by
+the high grounds, already mentioned on each flank, it forms, at once,
+a convenient and a secure field of encampment. On each flank Montrose
+threw up some trenches, which are still visible; and here he posted his
+infantry, amounting to about twelve or fifteen hundred men. He himself
+took up his quarters in the burgh of Selkirk, and, with him, the
+cavalry, in number hardly one thousand, but respectable, as being
+chiefly composed of gentlemen, and their immediate retainers. In this
+manner, by a fatal and unaccountable error, the river Ettrick was thrown
+betwixt the cavalry and infantry, which were to depend upon each other
+for intelligence and mutual support. But this might be overlooked by
+Montrose, in the conviction, that there was no armed enemy of Charles
+in the realm of Scotland; for he is said to have employed the night in
+writing and dispatching this agreeable intelligence to the king. Such an
+enemy was already within four miles of his camp.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_6">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The Scottish language is rich in words, expressive of local
+situation The single word <i>haugh</i>, conveys, to a Scotsman, almost all
+that I have endeavoured to explain in the text, by circumlocutory
+description.</p></div>
+
+<p>Recalled by the danger of the cause of the Covenant, General David Lesly
+came down from England, at the head of those iron squadrons, whose force
+had been proved in the fatal battle of Long Marston Moor. His array
+consisted of from five to six thousand men, chiefly cavalry. Lesly's
+first plan seems to have been, to occupy the mid-land counties, so as to
+intercept the return of Montrose's Highlanders, and to force him to an
+unequal combat Accordingly, he marched along the eastern coast, from
+Berwick to Tranent; but there he suddenly altered his direction, and,
+crossing through Mid-Lothian, turned again to the southward, and,
+following the course of Gala water, arrived at Melrose, the evening
+before the engagement How it is possible that Montrose should have
+received no notice whatever of the march of so considerable an army,
+seems almost inconceivable, and proves, that the country was strongly
+disaffected to his cause, or person. Still more extraordinary does it
+appear, that, even with the advantage of a thick mist, Lesly should
+have, the next morning, advanced towards Montrose's encampment without
+being descried by a single scout. Such, however, was the case, and it
+was attended with all the consequences of the most complete surprisal.
+The first intimation that Montrose received of the march of Lesly,
+was the noise of the conflict, or, rather, that which attended the
+unresisted slaughter of his infantry, who never formed a line of battle:
+the right wing alone, supported by the thickets of Harehead-wood, and
+by the entrenchments which are there still visible, stood firm for some
+time. But Lesly had detached two thousand men, who, crossing the Ettrick
+still higher up than his main body, assaulted the rear of Montrose's
+right wing. At this moment, the marquis himself arrived, and beheld
+his army dispersed, for the first time, in irretrievable route. He
+had thrown himself upon a horse the instant he heard the firing, and,
+followed by such of his disorderly cavalry as had gathered upon the
+alarm, he galloped from Selkirk, crossed the Ettrick, and made a bold
+and desperate attempt to retrieve the fortune of the day. But all was
+in vain; and, after cutting his way, almost singly, through a body of
+Lesly's troopers, the gallant Montrose graced by his example the
+retreat of the fugitives. That retreat he continued up Yarrow, and over
+Minch-moor; nor did he stop till he arrived at Traquair, sixteen miles
+from the field of battle. Upon Philiphaugh he lost, in one defeat, the
+fruit of six splendid victories: nor was he again able effectually to
+make head, in Scotland, against the covenanted cause. The number slain
+in the field did not exceed three or four hundred; for the fugitives
+found refuge in the mountains, which had often been the retreat of
+vanquished armies, and were impervious to the pursuer's cavalry. Lesly
+abused his victory, and dishonoured his arms, by slaughtering, in cold
+blood, many of the prisoners whom he had taken; and the court-yard of
+Newark castle is said to have been the spot, upon which they were
+shot by his command. Many others are said, by Wishart, to have been
+precipitated from a high bridge over the Tweed. This, as Mr Laing
+remarks, is impossible; because there was not a bridge over the Tweed
+betwixt Peebles and Berwick. But there is an old bridge, over the
+Ettrick, only four miles from Philiphaugh, and another over the Yarrow,
+both of which lay in the very line of flight and pursuit; and either
+might have been the scene of the massacre. But if this is doubtful,
+it is too certain, that several of the royalists were executed by the
+Covenanters, as traitors to the king and parliament.<a name="FNanchor_A_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_7"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_7">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> A covenanted minister, present at the execution of these
+gentlemen observed, &quot;This wark gaes bonnilie on!&quot; an amiable
+exclamation equivalent to the modern <i>&ccedil;a ira</i>, so often used on similar
+occasions.&mdash;<i>Wishart's Memoirs of Montrose.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>I have reviewed, at some length, the details of this memorable
+engagement, which, at the same time, terminated the career of a hero,
+likened, by no mean judge of mankind<a name="FNanchor_A_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_8"><sup>[A]</sup></a> to those of antiquity, and
+decided the fate of his country. It is further remarkable, as the last
+field which was fought in Ettrick forest, the scene of so many bloody
+actions. The unaccountable neglect of patroles, and the imprudent
+separation betwixt the horse and foot, seem to have been the immediate
+causes of Montrose's defeat. But the ardent and impetuous character
+of this great warrior, corresponding with that of the troops which he
+commanded was better calculated for attack than defence; for surprising
+others, rather than for providing against surprise himself. Thus, he
+suffered loss by a sudden attack upon part of his forces, stationed at
+Aberdeen;<a name="FNanchor_B_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_9"><sup>[B]</sup></a> and, had he not extricated himself with the most singular
+ability, he must have lost his whole army, when surprised by Baillie,
+during the plunder of Dundee. Nor has it escaped an ingenious modern
+historian, that his final defeat at Dunbeath, so nearly resembles in its
+circumstances the surprise at Philiphaugh, as to throw some shade on his
+military talents.&mdash;LAING'S <i>History</i>.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_8">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Cardinal du Retz.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_9">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Colonel Hurry, with a party of horse, surprised the town,
+while Montrose's Highlanders and cavaliers were &quot;dispersed through the
+town, drinking carelessly in their lodgings; and, hearing the horse's
+feet, and great noise, were astonished, never dreaming of their enemy.
+However, Donald Farquharson happened to come to the causey, where he was
+cruelly slain, anent the Court de Guard; a brave gentleman, and one of
+the noblest captains amongst all the Highlanders of Scotland. Two or
+three others were killed, and some (taken prisoners) had to Edinburgh,
+and cast into irons in the tolbooth. Great lamentation was made for this
+gallant, being still the king's man for life and death.&quot;&mdash;SPALDING
+Vol. II. p. 281. The journalist, to whom all matters were of equal
+importance, proceeds to inform us, that Hurry took the marquis of
+Huntly's best horse, and, in his retreat through Montrose seized upon
+the marquis's second son. He also expresses his regret, that &quot;the said
+Donald Farquharson's body was found in the street, stripped naked: for
+they tirr'd from off his body a rich stand of apparel, but put on the
+same day.&quot;&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>The following ballad, which is preserved by tradition in Selkirkshire,
+coincides accurately with historical fact. This, indeed, constitutes its
+sole merit. The Covenanters were not, I dare say, addicted, more
+than their successors &quot;to the profane and unprofitable art of
+poem-making.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_10"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Still, however, they could not refrain from some
+strains of exultation, over the defeat of the <i>truculent tyrant</i>, James
+Grahame. For, gentle reader, Montrose, who, with resources which seemed
+as none, gained six victories, and reconquered a kingdom; who, a poet, a
+scholar, a cavalier, and a general, could have graced alike a court,
+and governed a camp; this Montrose was numbered, by his covenanted
+countrymen, among &quot;the troublers of Israel, the fire-brands of hell, the
+Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rabshakahs, the Hamans, the Tobiahs,
+and Sanballats of the time.&quot;</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_10">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> So little was the spirit of illiberal fanaticism decayed
+in some parts of Scotland, that only thirty years ago, when Wilson,
+the ingenious author of a poem, called &quot;<i>Clyde</i>,&quot; now republished, was
+inducted into the office of schoolmaster at Greenock, he was obliged
+formally, and in writing, to abjure <i>&quot;the profane and unprofitable art
+of poem-making.&quot;</i> It is proper to add, that such an incident is <i>now</i> as
+unlikely to happen in Greenock as in London.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Philiphaugh a fray began,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">At Hairhead wood it ended;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Scots out o'er the Graemes they ran,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sae merrily they bended.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir David frae the border came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wi' heart an' hand came he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' him three thousand bonny Scotts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To bear him company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' him three thousand valiant men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A noble sight to see!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A cloud o' mist them weel concealed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As close as e'er might be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When they came to the Shaw burn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Said he, &quot;Sae weel we frame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I think it is convenient,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That we should sing a psalm.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_11"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When they came to the Lingly burn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As day-light did appear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They spy'd an aged father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he did draw them near.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come hither, aged father!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sir David he did cry,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And tell me where Montrose lies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;With all his great army.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, first, you must come tell to me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;If friends or foes you be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I fear you are Montrose's men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Come frae the north country.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;No, we are nane o' Montrose's men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor e'er intend to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am sir David Lesly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That's speaking unto thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If you're sir David Lesly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As I think weel ye be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'm sorry ye hae brought so few</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Into your company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's fifteen thousand armed men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Encamped on yon lee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye'll never be a bite to them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For aught that I can see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, halve your men in equal parts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Your purpose to fulfil;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Let ae half keep the water side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The rest gae round the hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your nether party fire must,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Then beat a flying drum;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And then they'll think the day's their ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And frae the trench they'll come.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then, those that are behind them maun</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gie shot, baith grit and sma';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And so, between your armies twa,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye may make them to fa'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O were ye ever a soldier?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sir David Lesly said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O yes; I was at Solway flow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Where we were all betray'd.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Again I was at curst Dunbar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And was a pris'ner ta'en;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And many weary night and day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In prison I hae lien.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If ye will lead these men aright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Rewarded shall ye be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, if that ye a traitor prove,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll hang thee on a tree.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sir, I will not a traitor prove;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Montrose has plundered me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll do my best to banish him</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Away frae this country.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He halv'd his men in equal parts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His purpose to fulfill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The one part kept the water side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The other gaed round the hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The nether party fired brisk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Then turn'd and seem'd to rin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And then they a' came frae the trench,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And cry'd, &quot;the day's our ain!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The rest then ran into the trench,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loos'd their cannons a':</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thus, between his armies twa,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He made them fast to fa'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, let us a' for Lesly pray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And his brave company!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For they hae vanquish'd great Montrose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our cruel enemy.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_11">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Various reading; &quot;That we should take a dram.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>When they came to the Shaw burn.</i>&mdash;P. 27. v. 1. A small stream, that
+joins the Ettrick, near Selkirk, on the south side of the river.</p>
+
+<p><i>When they came to the Lingly burn.</i>&mdash;P. 27. v. 2. A brook, which falls
+into the Ettrick, from the north, a little above the Shaw burn.</p>
+
+<p><i>They spy'd an aged father.</i>&mdash;P. 27. v. 2. The traditional commentary
+upon the ballad states this man's name to have been Brydone, ancestor to
+several families in the parish of Ettrick, particularly those occupying
+the farms of Midgehope and Redford Green. It is a strange anachronism,
+to make this aged father state himself at the battle of <i>Solway flow,</i>
+which was fought a hundred years before Philiphaugh; and a still
+stranger, to mention that of Dunbar, which did not take place till five
+years after Montrose's defeat.</p>
+
+<p>A tradition, annexed to a copy of this ballad, transmitted to me by Mr
+James Hogg, bears, that the earl of Traquair, on the day of the battle,
+was advancing with a large sum of money, for the payment of Montrose's
+forces, attended by a blacksmith, one of his retainers. As they crossed
+Minch-moor, they were alarmed by firing, which the earl conceived to
+be Montrose exercising his forces, but which his attendant, from the
+constancy and irregularity of the noise, affirmed to be the tumult of an
+engagement. As they came below Broadmeadows, upon Yarrow, they met their
+fugitive friends, hotly pursued by the parliamentary troopers. The earl,
+of course, turned, and fled also: but his horse, jaded with the weight
+of dollars which he carried, refused to take the hill; so that the earl
+was fain to exchange with his attendant, leaving him with the breathless
+horse, and bag of silver, to shift for himself; which he is supposed
+to have done very effectually. Some of the dragoons, attracted by the
+appearance of the horse and trappings, gave chase to the smith, who
+fled up the Yarrow; but finding himself as he said, encumbered with the
+treasure, and unwilling that it should be taken, he flung it into a
+well, or pond, near the Tinnies, above Hangingshaw. Many wells were
+afterwards searched in vain; but it is the general belief, that the
+smith, if he ever hid the money, knew too well how to anticipate the
+scrutiny. There is, however, a pond, which some peasants began to drain,
+not long ago, in hopes of finding the golden prize, but were prevented,
+as they pretended, by supernatural interference.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The preceding ballad was a song of triumph over the defeat of Montrose
+at Philiphaugh; the verses, which follow are a lamentation for his final
+discomfiture and cruel death. The present edition of <i>&quot;The Gallant
+Grahams&quot;</i> is given from tradition, enlarged and corrected by an ancient
+printed edition, entitled, <i>&quot;The Gallant Grahams of Scotland&quot;</i> to the
+tune of <i>&quot;I will away, and I will not tarry,&quot;</i> of which Mr Ritson
+favoured the editor with an accurate copy.</p>
+
+<p>The conclusion of Montrose's melancholy history is too well known. The
+Scottish army, which sold king Charles I. to his parliament, had, we may
+charitably hope, no idea that they were bartering his blood; although
+they must have been aware, that they were consigning him to perpetual
+bondage.<a name="FNanchor_A_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_12"><sup>[A]</sup></a> At least the sentiments of the kingdom at large differed
+widely from those of the military merchants, and the danger of king
+Charles drew into England a well appointed Scottish army, under the
+command of the duke of Hamilton. But he met with Cromwell, and to meet
+with Cromwell was inevitable defeat. The death of Charles, and the
+triumph of the independents, excited still more highly the hatred and
+the fears of the Scottish nation. The outwitted presbyterians, who saw,
+too late, that their own hands had been employed in the hateful task
+of erecting the power of a sect, yet more fierce and fanatical than
+themselves, deputed a commission to the Hague, to treat with Charles
+II., whom, upon certain conditions they now wished to restore to the
+throne of his fathers. At the court of the exiled monarch, Montrose also
+offered to his acceptance a splendid plan of victory and conquest, and
+pressed for his permission to enter Scotland; and there, collecting the
+remains of the royalists to claim the crown for his master, with the
+sword in his hand. An able statesman might perhaps have reconciled these
+jarring projects; a good man would certainly have made a decided choice
+betwixt them. Charles was neither the one not the other; and, while he
+treated with the presbyterians, with a view of accepting the crown from
+their hands, he scrupled not to authorise Montrose, the mortal enemy of
+the sect, to pursue his separate and inconsistent plan of conquest.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_12">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> As Salmasius quaintly, but truly, expresses it,
+<i>Presbyterian iligaverunt independantes trucidaverunt</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>Montrose arrived in the Orkneys with six hundred Germans, was furnished
+with some recruits from those islands, and was joined by several
+royalists, as he traversed the wilds of Caithness and Sutherland: but,
+advancing into Ross-shire, he was surprised, and totally defeated,
+by colonel Strachan, an officer of the Scottish parliament, who had
+distinguished himself in the civil wars, and who afterwards became a
+decided Cromwellian. Montrose, after a fruitless resistance, at length
+fled from the field of defeat, and concealed himself in the grounds of
+Macleod of Assint to whose fidelity he entrusted his life, and by whom
+he was delivered up to Lesly, his most bitter enemy.</p>
+
+<p>He was tried for what was termed treason against the estates of the
+kingdom; and, despite the commission of Charles for his proceedings, he
+was condemned to die by a parliament, who acknowledged Charles to be
+their king, and whom, on that account only, Montrose acknowledged to be
+a parliament.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The clergy,&quot; says a late animated historian, &quot;whose vocation it was to
+persecute the repose of his last moments, sought, by the terrors of his
+sentence, to extort repentance; but his behaviour, firm and dignified to
+the end, repelled their insulting advances with scorn and disdain. He
+was prouder, he replied, to have his head affixed to the prison-walls,
+than to have his picture placed in the king's bed-chamber: 'and, far
+from being troubled that my limbs are to be sent to your principal
+cities, I wish I had flesh enough to be dispersed through Christendom,
+to attest my dying attachment to my king.' It was the calm employment of
+his mind, that night, to reduce this extravagant sentiment to verse.
+He appeared next day, on the scaffold, in a rich habit, with the same
+serene and undaunted countenance, and addressed the people, to vindicate
+his dying unabsolved by the church, rather than to justify an invasion
+of the kingdom, during a treaty with the estates. The insults of his
+enemies were not yet exhausted. The history of his exploits was attached
+to his neck by the public executioner: but he smiled at their inventive
+malice; declared, that he wore it with more pride than he had done the
+garter; and, when his devotions were finished, demanding if any more
+indignities remained to be practised, submitted calmly to an unmerited
+fate.&quot;&mdash;<i>Laing's History of Scotland,</i> Vol. I. p. 404.</p>
+
+<p>Such was the death of James Graham, the great marquis of Montrose, over
+whom some lowly bard has poured forth the following elegiac verses. To
+say, that they are far unworthy of the subject, is no great reproach;
+for a nobler poet might have failed in the attempt. Indifferent as the
+ballad is, we may regret its being still more degraded by many apparent
+corruptions. There seems an attempt to trace Montrose's career, from his
+first raising the royal standard, to his second expedition and death;
+but it is interrupted and imperfect. From the concluding stanza, I
+presume the song was composed upon the arrival of Charles in Scotland,
+which so speedily followed the execution of Montrose, that the king
+entered the city while the head of his most faithful and most successful
+adherent was still blackening in the sun.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Baith kith and countrie I bid adieu;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For I maun away, and I may not stay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To some uncouth land which I never knew.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To wear the blue I think it best,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Of all the colours that I see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And I'll wear it for the gallant Grahams,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That are banished from their countrie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I have no gold, I have no land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I have no pearl, nor precious stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But I wald sell my silken snood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To see the gallant Grahams come hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Wallace days when they began,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sir John the Graham did bear the gree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through all the lands of Scotland wide;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He was a lord of the south countrie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And so was seen full many a time;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For the summer flowers did never spring,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But every Graham, in armour bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Would then appear before the king.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They all were dressed in armour sheen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Upon the pleasant banks of Tay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Before a king they might be seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">These gallant Grahams in their array.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At the Goukhead our camp we set,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our leaguer down there for to lay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, in the bonnie summer light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">We rode our white horse and our gray.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Our false commander sold our king</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Unto his deadly enemie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who was the traitor Cromwell, then;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">So I care not what they do with me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They have betrayed our noble prince,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And banish'd him from his royal crown;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But the gallant Grahams have ta'en in hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For to command those traitors down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Glen-Prosen<a name="FNanchor_A_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_13"><sup>[A]</sup></a> we rendezvoused,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">March'd to Glenshie by night and day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And took the town of Aberdeen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And met the Campbells in their array.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Five thousand men, in armour strong.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Did meet the gallant Grahams that day</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Inverlochie, where war began,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And scarce two thousand men were they.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gallant Montrose, that chieftain bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Courageous in the best degree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Did for the king fight well that day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The lord preserve his majestie!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Did for king Charles wear the blue;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But the cavaliers they all were sold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Newton Gordon, burd-alone</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And Dalgatie, both stout and keen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gallant Veitch upon the field,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A braver face was never seen.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, fare ye weel, sweet Ennerdale!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Countrie and kin I quit ye free;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Chear up your hearts, brave cavaliers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For the Grahams are gone to high Germany.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now brave Montrose he went to France,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to Germany, to gather fame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And bold Aboyne is to the sea,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Young Huntly is his noble name.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Montrose again, that chieftain bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Back unto Scotland fair he came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For to redeem fair Scotland's land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The pleasant, gallant, worthy Graham!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At the water of Carron he did begin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And fought the battle to the end;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where there were killed, for our noble king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Two thousand of our Danish men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">By whom the king's banner was borne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For a brave cavalier was he,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But now to glory he is gone.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And, Lesly, ill death may thou die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For ye have betrayed the gallant Grahams,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Who aye were true to majestic.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the laird of Assint has seized Montrose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And had him into Edinburgh town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And frae his body taken the head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And quartered him upon a trone.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Huntly's gone the selfsame way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And our noble king is also gone;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He suffered death for our nation,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our mourning tears can ne'er be done.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But our brave young king is now come home,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">King Charles the second in degree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Lord send peace into his time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And God preserve his majestie!</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_13">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Glen-Prosen, in Angus-shire.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale.</i>&mdash;P. 38. v. 1. A corruption of
+Endrickdale. The principal, and most ancient possessions of the Montrose
+family lie along the water of Endrick, in Dumbartonshire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir John the Graham did bear the gree.</i>&mdash;P. 39. v. 1. The faithful
+friend and adherent of the immortal Wallace, slain at the battle of
+Falkirk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Who was the traitor Cromwell, then.</i>&mdash;P. 39. v. 5. This extraordinary
+character, to whom, in crimes and in success our days only have produced
+a parallel, was no favourite in Scotland. There occurs the following
+invective against him, in a MS. in the Advocates' Library. The humour
+consists in the dialect of a Highlander, speaking English, and confusing
+<i>Cromwell</i> with <i>Gramach,</i> ugly:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Te commonwelt, tat Gramagh ting.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gar brek hem's word, gar do hem's king;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gar pay hem's sesse, or take hem's (geers)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'l no de at, del come de leers;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'l bide a file amang te crowes, (<i>i.e.</i> in the woods)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'l scor te sword, and wiske to bowes;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And fen her nen-sel se te re, (the king)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Te del my care for <i>Gromaghee</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>The following tradition, concerning Cromwell, is preserved by an
+uncommonly direct line of traditional evidence; being narrated (as I am
+informed) by the grandson of an eye-witness. When Cromwell, in 1650,
+entered Glasgow, he attended divine service in the High Church; but the
+presbyterian divine, who officiated, poured forth, with more zeal than
+prudence, the vial of his indignation upon the person, principles, and
+cause, of the independent general. One of Cromwell's officers rose,
+and whispered his commander; who seemed to give him a short and stern
+answer, and the sermon was concluded without interruption Among the
+crowd, who were assembled to gaze at the general, as he came out of the
+church, was a shoemaker, the son of one of James the sixth's Scottish
+footmen. This man had been born and bred in England, but, after his
+father's death, had settled in Glasgow. Cromwell eyed him among the
+crowd, and immediately called him by his name&mdash;the man fled; but, at
+Cromwell's command, one of his retinue followed him, and brought him
+to the general's lodgings. A number of the inhabitants remained at the
+door, waiting the end of this extraordinary scene. The shoemaker soon
+came out, in high spirits, and, shewing some gold, declared, he was
+going to drink Cromwell's health. Many attended him to hear the
+particulars of his interview; among others, the grandfather of the
+narrator. The shoemaker said, that he had been a playfellow of Cromwell
+when they were both boys, their parents residing in the same street;
+that he had fled, when the general first called to him, thinking he
+might owe him some ill-will, on account of his father being in the
+service of the royal family. He added, that Cromwell had been so very
+kind and familiar with him, that he ventured to ask him, what the
+officer had said to him in the church. &quot;He proposed,&quot; said Cromwell, &quot;to
+pull forth the &quot;minister by the ears; and I answered, that the preacher
+was &quot;one fool, and he another.&quot; In the course of the day, Cromwell held
+an interview with the minister, and contrived to satisfy his scruples so
+effectually, that the evening discourse, by the same man, was tuned to
+the praise and glory of the victor of Naseby.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Did for King Charles wear the, blue.</i>&mdash;P. 40. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>This gentleman was of the ancient family of Gordon of Gight. He had
+served, as a soldier, upon the continent, and acquired great military
+skill. When his chief, the marquis of Huntly, took up arms in 1640,
+Nathaniel Gordon, then called Major Gordon, joined him, and was of
+essential service during that short insurrection. But, being checked
+for making prize of a Danish fishing buss, he left the service of the
+marquis, in some disgust. In 1644, he assisted at a sharp and dexterous
+<i>camisade</i> (as it was then called), when the barons of Haddo, of Gight,
+of Drum, and other gentlemen, with only sixty men under their standard,
+galloped through the old town of Aberdeen, and, entering the burgh
+itself, about seven in the morning, made prisoners, and carried off,
+four of the covenanting magistrates and effected a safe retreat, though
+the town was then under the domination of the opposite party. After the
+death of the baron of Haddo, and the severe treatment of Sir George
+Gordon of Gight, his cousin-german, Major Nathaniel Gordon seems to have
+taken arms, in despair of finding mercy at the covenanters' hands. On
+the 24th of July, 1645, he came down, with a band of horsemen, upon the
+town of Elgin, while St James' fair was held, and pillaged the merchants
+of 14,000 merks of money and merchandize.<a name="FNanchor_A_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_14"><sup>[A]</sup></a> He seems to have joined
+Montrose, as soon as he raised the royal standard; and, as a bold and
+active partizan, rendered him great service. But, in November 1644,
+Gordon, now a colonel, suddenly deserted Montrose, aided the escape of
+Forbes of Craigievar, one of his prisoners, and reconciled himself to
+the kirk, by doing penance for adultery, and for the almost equally
+heinous crime of having scared Mr Andrew Cant,<a name="FNanchor_B_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_15"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the famous apostle of
+the covenant. This, however, seems to have been an artifice, to arrange
+a correspondence betwixt Montrose and Lord Gordon, a gallant young
+nobleman, representative of the Huntley family, and inheriting their
+loyal spirit, though hitherto engaged in the service of the covenant.
+Colonel Gordon was successful, and returned to the royal camp with his
+converted chief. Both followed zealously the fortunes of Montrose, until
+Lord Gordon fell in the battle of Alford, and Nathaniel Gordon was taken
+at Philiphaugh. He was one of ten loyalists, devoted upon that occasion,
+by the parliament, to expiate, with their blood, the crime of fidelity
+to their king. Nevertheless, the covenanted nobles would have probably
+been satisfied with the death of the gallant Rollock, sharer of
+Montrose's dangers and glory, of Ogilvy, a youth of eighteen, whose
+crime was the hereditary feud betwixt his family and Argyle, and of Sir
+Philip Nisbet, a cavalier of the ancient stamp, had not the pulpits
+resounded with the cry, that God required the blood of the malignants,
+to expiate the sins of the people. &quot;What meaneth,&quot; exclaimed the
+ministers, in the perverted language of scripture&mdash;&quot;What meaneth, then,
+this bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen?&quot; The
+appeal to the judgment of Samuel was decisive, and the shambles were
+instantly opened. Nathaniel Gordon was brought first to execution. He
+lamented the sins of his youth, once more (and probably with greater
+sincerity) requested absolution from the sentence of excommunication
+pronounced on account of adultery, and was beheaded 6th January 1646.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_14">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Spalding, Vol. II. pp. 151, 154, 169, 181, 221. <i>History of
+the Family of Gordon,</i> Edin. 1727, Vol. II. p. 299.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_15">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> He had sent him a letter, which nigh frightened him out of
+his wits.&mdash;SPALDING, Vol. II. p. 231.</p></div>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.</i>&mdash;P. 40, v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>Leith, of Harthill, was a determined loyalist, and hated the
+covenanters, not without reason. His father, a haughty high-spirited
+baron, and chief of a clan, happened, in 1639, to sit down in the desk
+of provost Lesly, in the high kirk of Aberdeen He was disgracefully
+thrust out by the officers, and, using some threatening language to the
+provost, was imprisoned, like a felon, for many months, till he became
+furious, and nearly mad. Having got free of the shackles, with which he
+was loaded, he used his liberty by coming to the tolbooth window where
+he uttered the most violent and horrible threats against Provost Lesly,
+and the other covenanting magistrates, by whom he had been so severely
+treated. Under pretence of this new offence, he was sent to Edinburgh,
+and lay long in prison there; for, so fierce was his temper, that no one
+would give surety for his keeping the peace with his enemies, if set at
+liberty. At length he was delivered by Montrose, when he made himself
+master of Edinburgh.&mdash;SPALDING, Vol. I. pp. 201; 266. His house of
+Harthill was dismantled, and miserably pillaged by Forbes of
+Craigievar, who expelled his wife and children with the most relentless
+inhumanity.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> Vol. II. p. 225. Meanwhile, young Harthill was the
+companion and associate of Nathaniel Gordon, whom he accompanied at
+plundering the fair of Elgin, and at most of Montrose's engagements. He
+retaliated severely on the covenanters, by ravaging and burning their
+lands. <i>Ibid.</i> Vol. II. p. 301. His fate has escaped my notice.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And Dalgatie, both stout and keen.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Sir Francis Hay, of Dalgatie, a steady cavalier, and a gentleman of
+great gallantry and accomplishment. He was a faithful follower of
+Montrose, and was taken prisoner with him at his last fatal battle. He
+was condemned to death, with his illustrious general. Being a Roman
+catholic, he refused the assistance of the presbyterian clergy, and was
+not permitted, even on the scaffold, to receive ghostly comfort, in the
+only form in which his religion taught him to consider it as effectual.
+He kissed the axe, avowed his fidelity to his sovereign, and died like a
+soldier.&mdash;<i>Montrose's Memoirs,</i> p. 322.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And Newton Gordon, burd-alone.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Newton, for obvious reasons, was a common appellation of an estate, or
+barony, where a new edifice had been erected. Hence, for distinction's
+sake, it was anciently compounded with the name of the proprietor;
+as, Newtown-Edmonstone, Newtown-Don, Newtown-Gordon, &amp;c. Of Gordon
+of Newtown, I only observe, that he was, like all his clan, a steady
+loyalist, and a follower of Montrose.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And gallant Veitch, upon the field.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>I presume this gentleman to have been David Veitch, brother to Veitch of
+Dawick, who, with many other of the Peebles-shire gentry, was taken
+at Philiphaugh. The following curious accident took place, some years
+afterwards, in consequence of his loyal zeal.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In the year 1653, when the loyal party did arise in arms against the
+English, in the North and West Highlands, some noblemen and loyal
+gentlemen, with others, were forward to repair to them, with such forces
+as they could make; which the English, with marvelouse diligence, night
+and day, did bestir themselves to impede; making their troops of horse
+and dragoons to pursue the loyal party in all places, that they might
+not come to such a considerable number as was designed. It happened, one
+night, that one Captain Masoun, commander of a troop of dragoons, that
+came from Carlisle, in England, marching through the town of Sanquhar,
+in the night, was encountered by one captain Palmer, commanding a troop
+of horse, that came from Ayr, marching eastward; and, meeting at the
+tollhouse, or tolbooth, one David Veitch, brother to the laird of
+Dawick, in Tweeddale, and one of the loyal party, being prisoner in
+irons by the English, did arise, and came to the window at their
+meeting, and cryed out, that they should <i>fight valiantly for King
+Charles</i>, Where-through, they, taking each other for the loyal party,
+did begin a brisk fight, which continued for a while, til the dragoons,
+having spent their shot, and finding the horsemen to be too strong for
+them, did give ground; but yet retired, in some order, towards the
+castle of Sanquhar, being hotly pursued by the troop, through the whole
+town, above a quarter of a mile, till they came to the castle; where
+both parties did, to their mutual grief, become sensible of their
+mistake. In this skirmish there were several killed on both sides, and
+Captain Palmer himself dangerously wounded, with many mo wounded in each
+troop, who did peaceably dwell together afterward for a time, untill
+their wounds were cured, in Sanquhar castle.&quot;&mdash;<i>Account of Presbytery of
+Penpont, in Macfarlane's MSS.</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And bold Aboyne is to the sea,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Young Huntly is his noble name.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>James, earl of Aboyne, who fled to France, and there died heart-broken.
+It is said, his death was accelerated by the news of King Charles'
+execution. He became representative of the Gordon family, or <i>Young
+Huntly</i>, as the ballad expresses it, in consequence of the death of his
+elder brother, George, who fell in the battle of Alford.&mdash;<i>History of
+Gordon Family.</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Two thousand of our Danish men.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>Montrose's foreign auxiliaries, who, by the way, did not exceed 600 in
+all.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>By whom the king's banner was borne.</i>&mdash;P. 42. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Gilbert Menzies, younger of Pitfoddells, carried the royal banner in
+Montrose's last battle. It bore the headless corpse of Charles I., with
+this motto, <i>&quot;Judge and revenge my cause, O Lord!&quot;</i> Menzies proved
+himself worthy of this noble trust, and, obstinately refusing quarter,
+died in defence of his charge. <i>Montrose's Memoirs</i>.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith.</i>&mdash;P. 42. v. 2.</span><br>
+
+<p>Sir Charles Hacket, an officer in the service of the estates.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And Huntly's gone, the selfsame way.</i>&mdash;P. 42. v. 4.</span><br>
+
+<p>George Gordon, second marquis of Huntley, one of the very few nobles in
+Scotland, who had uniformly adhered to the king from the very beginning
+of the troubles, was beheaded by the sentence of the parliament of
+Scotland (so calling themselves), upon the 22d March, 1649, one month
+and twenty-two days after the martyrdom of his master. He has been much
+blamed for not cordially co-operating with Montrose; and Bishop Wishart,
+in the zeal of partiality for his hero, accuses Huntley of direct
+treachery. But he is a true believer, who seals, with his blood, his
+creed, religious or political; and there are many reasons, short of this
+foul charge, which may have dictated the backward conduct of Huntley
+towards Montrose. He could not forget, that, when he first stood out for
+the king, Montrose, then the soldier of the covenant, had actually made
+him prisoner: and we cannot suppose Huntley to have been so sensible of
+Montrose's superior military talents, as not to think himself, as equal
+in rank, superior in power, and more uniform in loyalty entitled to
+equally high marks of royal trust and favour. This much is certain, that
+the gallant clan of Gordon contributed greatly to Montrose's success;
+for the gentlemen of that name, with the brave and loyal Ogilvies,
+composed the principal part of his cavalry.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>We have observed the early antipathy, mutually entertained by the
+Scottish presbyterians and the house of Stuart It seems to have glowed
+in the breast even of the good-natured Charles II. He might have
+remembered, that, in 1551, the presbyterians had fought, bled, and
+ruined themselves in his cause. But he rather recollected their early
+faults than their late repentance; and even their services were combined
+with the recollection of the absurd and humiliating circumstances of
+personal degradation,<a name="FNanchor_A_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_16"><sup>[A]</sup></a> to which their pride and folly had subjected
+him, while they professed to espouse his cause. As a man of pleasure, he
+hated their stern and inflexible rigour, which stigmatised follies
+even more deeply than crimes; and he whispered to his confidents, that
+&quot;presbytery was no religion for a gentleman.&quot; It is not, therefore,
+wonderful, that, in the first year of his restoration, he formally
+reestablished prelacy in Scotland; but it is surprising, that, with his
+father's example before his eyes, he should not have been satisfied
+to leave at freedom the consciences of those who could not reconcile
+themselves to the new system. The religious opinions of sectaries have a
+tendency like the water of some springs, to become soft and mild, when
+freely exposed to the open day. Who can recognise in the decent and
+industrious quakers, and ana-baptists the wild and ferocious tenets
+which distinguished their sects, while they were yet honoured with the
+distinction of the scourge and the pillory? Had the system of coercion
+against the presbyterians been continued until our day, Blair and
+Robertson would have preached in the wilderness, and only discovered
+their powers of eloquence and composition, by rolling along a deeper
+torrent of gloomy fanaticism.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_16">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Among other ridiculous occurrences, it is said, that some
+of Charles's gallantries were discovered by a prying neighbour. A wily
+old minister was deputed, by his brethren, to rebuke the king for this
+heinous scandal. Being introduced into the royal presence he limited
+his commission to a serious admonition, that, upon such occasions,
+his majesty should always shut the windows.&mdash;The king is said to have
+recompensed this unexpected lenity after the Restoration. He probably
+remembered the joke, though he might have forgotten the service.</p></div>
+
+<p>The western counties distinguished themselves by their opposition to the
+prelatic system. Three hundred and fifty ministers, ejected from their
+churches and livings, wandered through the mountains, sowing the seeds
+of covenanted doctrine, while multitudes of fanatical followers pursued
+them, to reap the forbidden crop. These conventicles as they were
+called, were denounced by the law, and their frequenters dispersed by
+military force. The genius of the persecuted became stubborn, obstinate,
+and ferocious; and, although indulgencies were tardily granted to some
+presbyterian ministers, few of the true covenanters or whigs, as they
+were called, would condescend to compound with a prelatic government, or
+to listen even to their own favourite doctrine under the auspices of the
+king. From Richard Cameron, their apostle, this rigid sect acquired the
+name of Cameronians. They preached and prayed against the indulgence,
+and against the presbyterians who availed themselves of it, because
+their accepting this royal boon was a tacit acknowledgment of the king's
+supremacy in ecclesiastical matters. Upon these bigotted and persecuted
+fanatics, and by no means upon the presbyterians at large, are to
+be charged the wild anarchical principles of anti-monarchy and
+assassination which polluted the period when they flourished.</p>
+
+<p>The insurrection, commemorated and magnified in the following ballad, as
+indeed it has been in some histories, was, in itself, no very important
+affair. It began in Dumfries-shire where Sir James Turner, a soldier
+of fortune, was employed to levy the arbitrary fines imposed for not
+attending the episcopal churches. The people rose, seized his person,
+disarmed his soldiers, and having continued together, resolved to march
+towards Edinburgh, expecting to be joined by their friends in that
+quarter. In this they were disappointed; and, being now diminished to
+half their numbers, they drew up on the Pentland Hills, at a place
+called Rullien Green. They were commanded by one Wallace; and here they
+awaited the approach of General Dalziel, of Binns; who, having marched
+to Calder, to meet them on the Lanark road, and finding, that, by
+passing through Collington, they had got to the other side of the hills,
+cut through the mountains, and approached them. Wallace shewed both
+spirit and judgment: he drew his men up in a very strong situation, and
+withstood two charges of Dalziel's cavalry; but, upon the third shock,
+the insurgents were broken, and utterly dispersed. There was very little
+slaughter, as the cavalry of Dalziel were chiefly gentlemen, who pitied
+their oppressed and misguided countrymen. There were about fifty killed,
+and as many made prisoners. The battle was fought on the 28th November,
+1666; a day still observed by the scattered remnant of the Cameronian
+sect, who regularly hear a field-preaching upon the field of battle.</p>
+
+<p>I am obliged for a copy of the ballad to Mr Livingston of Airds, who
+took it down from the recitation of an old woman residing on his estate.</p>
+
+<p>The gallant Grahams, mentioned in the text, are Graham of Claverhouse's
+horse.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This Ballad is copied verbatim from the Old Woman's recitation.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The gallant Grahams cum from the west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' their horses black as ony craw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Lothian lads they marched fast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To be at the Rhyns o' Gallowa.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Betwixt Dumfries town and Argyle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The lads they marched mony a mile;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Souters and taylors unto them drew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their covenants for to renew.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The whigs, they, wi' their merry cracks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gard the poor pedlars lay down their packs;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But aye sinsyne they do repent</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The renewing o' their covenant.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A the Mauchline muir, where they were reviewed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ten thousand men in armour shewed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, ere they cam to the Brockie's burn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The half o' them did back return.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">General Dalyell, as I hear tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was our lieutenant general;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And captain Welsh, wi' his wit and skill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was to guide them on to the Pentland hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">General Dalyell held to the hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Asking at them what was their will;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And who gave them this protestation,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To rise in arms against the nation?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Although we all in armour be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It's not against his majesty;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor yet to spill our neighbour's bluid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But wi' the country we'll conclude.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lay down your arms, in the king's name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ye shall all gae safely hame;&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But they a' cried out, wi' ae consent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll fight a broken covenant.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O well,&quot; says he, &quot;since it is so,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A willfu' man never wanted woe;&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He then gave a sign unto his lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they drew up in their brigades.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The trumpets blew, and the colours flew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And every man to his armour drew;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The whigs were never so much aghast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As to see their saddles toom sae fast.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The cleverest men stood in the van,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The whigs they took their heels and ran;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But such a raking was never seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As the raking o' the Rullien Green.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The whigs, now become desperate, adopted the most desperate principles;
+and retaliating, as far as they could, the intolerating persecution
+which they endured, they openly disclaimed allegiance to any monarch
+who should not profess presbytery, and subscribe the covenant.&mdash;These
+principles were not likely to conciliate the favour of government; and
+as we wade onward in the history of the times, the scenes become yet
+darker. At length, one would imagine the parties had agreed to divide
+the kingdom of vice betwixt them; the hunters assuming to themselves
+open profligacy and legalized oppression; and the hunted, the opposite
+attributes of hypocrisy, fanaticism, disloyalty, and midnight
+assassination. The troopers and cavaliers became enthusiasts in the
+pursuit of the covenanters If Messrs Kid, King, Cameron, Peden, &amp;c.
+boasted of prophetic powers, and were often warned of the approach of
+the soldiers, by supernatural impulse,<a name="FNanchor_A_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_17"><sup>[A]</sup></a> captain John Creichton, on
+the other side, dreamed dreams, and saw visions (chiefly, indeed, after
+having drunk hard), in which the lurking holes of the rebels were
+discovered to his imagination.<a name="FNanchor_B_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_18"><sup>[B]</sup></a> Our ears are scarcely more shocked
+with the profane execrations of the persecutors,<a name="FNanchor_C_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_19"><sup>[C]</sup></a> than with the
+strange and insolent familiarity used towards the Deity by the
+persecuted fanatics. Their indecent modes of prayer, their extravagant
+expectations of miraculous assistance, and their supposed inspirations,
+might easily furnish out a tale, at which the good would sigh, and the
+gay would laugh.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_17">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> In the year 1684, Peden, one of the Cameronian preachers,
+about ten o'clock at night, sitting at the fire-side, started up to his
+feet, and said, &quot;Flee, auld Sandie (thus he designed himself), and hide
+yourself! for colonel&mdash;&mdash;is coming to this house to apprehend you; and
+I advise you all to do the like, for he will be here within an hour;&quot;
+which came to pass: and when they had made a very narrow search, within
+and without the house, and went round the thorn-bush, under which he was
+lying praying, they went off without their prey. He came in, and said,
+&quot;And has this gentleman (designed by his name) given poor Sandie, and
+thir poor things, such a fright? For this night's work, God shall give
+him such a blow, within a few days, that all the physicians on earth
+shall not be able to cure;&quot; which came to pass, for he died in great
+misery.&mdash;<i>Life of Alexander Peden.</i></p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_18">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> See the life of this booted apostle of prelacy, written by
+Swift, who had collected all his anecdotes of persecution, and appears
+to have enjoyed them accordingly.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_19">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;They raved,&quot; says Peden's historian, &quot;like fleshly devils,
+when the mist shrouded from their pursuit the wandering whigs.&quot; One
+gentleman closed a declaration of vengeance against the conventiclers
+with this strange imprecation, &quot;Or may the devil make my ribs a gridiron
+to my soul!&quot;&mdash;MS. <i>Account of the Presbytery of Penpont.</i> Our armies
+swore terribly in Flanders, but nothing to this!</p></div>
+
+<p>In truth, extremes always approach each other; and the superstition of
+the Roman catholics was, in some degree, revived, even by their most
+deadly enemies. They are ridiculed by the cavaliers, as wearing the
+relics of their saints by way of amulet:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She shewed to me a box, wherein lay hid</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The pictures of Cargil and Mr Kid;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A splinter of the tree, on which they were slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A double inch of Major Weir's best cane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rathillet's sword, beat down to table-knife,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Which took at Magus' Muir a bishop's life;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The worthy Welch's spectacles, who saw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That windle-straws would fight against the law;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They, windle-straws, were stoutest of the two,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They kept their ground, away the prophet flew;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And lists of all the prophets' names were seen</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Pentland Hills, Aird-Moss, and Rullen Green.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Don't think,&quot; she says, &quot;these holy things are foppery;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They're precious antidotes against the power of popery.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>The Cameronian Tooth.&mdash;Pennycuick's Poems,</i> p. 110.</span><br>
+
+<p>The militia and standing army soon became unequal to the task of
+enforcing conformity, and suppressing conventicles In, their aid, and to
+force compliance with a test proposed by government, the Highland
+clans were raised, and poured down into Ayrshire.<a name="FNanchor_A_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_20"><sup>[A]</sup></a> An armed host
+of undisciplined mountaineers, speaking a different language, and
+professing, many of them, another religion, were let loose, to ravage
+and plunder this unfortunate country; and it is truly astonishing to
+find how few acts of cruelty they perpetrated, and how seldom they added
+murder to pillage<a name="FNanchor_B_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_21"><sup>[B]</sup></a> Additional levies of horse were also raised, under
+the name of Independent Troops, and great part of them placed under the
+command of James Grahame of Claverhouse a man well known to fame, by
+his subsequent title of viscount Dundee, but better remembered, in the
+western shires, under the designation of the bloody Clavers. In truth,
+he appears to have combined the virtues and vices of a savage chief.
+Fierce, unbending, and rigorous, no emotion of compassion prevented his
+commanding, and witnessing, every detail of military execution against
+the non-conformists. Undauntedly brave, and steadily faithful to his
+prince, he sacrificed himself in the cause of James, when he was
+deserted by all the world. If we add, to these attributes, a goodly
+person, complete skill in martial exercises, and that ready and decisive
+character, so essential to a commander, we may form some idea of this
+extraordinary character. The whigs, whom he persecuted daunted by his
+ferocity and courage, conceived him to be impassive to their bullets,<a name="FNanchor_C_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_22"><sup>[C]</sup></a>
+and that he had sold himself, for temporal greatness, to the
+seducer of mankind. It is still believed, that a cup of wine,
+presented to him by his butler, changed into clotted blood; and
+that, when he plunged his feet into cold water, their touch
+caused it to boil. The steed, which bore him, was supposed
+to be the gift of Satan; and precipices are shewn, where a fox could
+hardly keep his feet, down which the infernal charger conveyed him
+safely, in pursuit of the wanderers. It is remembered, with terror, that
+Claverhouse was successful in every engagement with the whigs, except
+that at Drumclog, or Loudon-hill, which is the subject of the following
+ballad. The history of Burly, the hero of the piece, will bring us
+immediately to the causes and circumstances of that event.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_20">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Peden complained heavily, that, after a heavy struggle with
+the devil, he had got above him, <i>spur-galled</i> him hard, and obtained a
+wind to carry him from Ireland to Scotland, when, behold! another person
+had set sail, and reaped the advantage of his <i>prayer-wind,</i> before he
+could embark.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_21">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Cleland thus describes this extraordinary army:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&mdash;Those, who were their chief commanders,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As sach who bore the pirnie standarts.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who led the van, and drove the rear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Were right well mounted of their gear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With brogues, and trews, and pirnie plaids,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With good blue bonnets on their heads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Which, oil the one side, had a flipe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adorn'd with a tobacco pipe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With durk, and snap-work, and snuff-mill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A bag which they with onions fill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, as their strict observers say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A tup-born filled with usquebay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A slasht out coat beneath her plaides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A targe of timber, nails, and hides;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a long two-handed sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As good's the country can afford.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Had they not need of bulk-and bones.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who fought with all these arms at once?</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  *&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  *&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  *</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of moral honestie they're clean,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nought like religion they retain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In nothing they're accounted sharp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Except in bag-pipe, and in harp;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For a misobliging word,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She'll durk her neighbour o'er the boord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And then she'll flee like fire from flint,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She'll scarcely ward the second dint;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If any ask her of her thrift.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forsooth her nainsell lives by thift.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Cleland's Poems,</i> Edin. 1697, p. 12.</span><br>
+</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_22">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> It was, and is believed, that the devil furnished his
+favourites, among the persecutors, with what is called <i>proof</i>
+against leaden bullets, but against those only. During the battle of
+Pentland-hills Paton of Meadowhead conceived he saw the balls hop
+harmlessly down from General Dalziel's boots, and, to counteract the
+spell, loaded his pistol with a piece of silver coin. But Dalziel,
+having his eye on him, drew back behind his servant, who was shot
+dead.&mdash;<i>Paton's Life.</i> At a skirmish, in Ayrshire, some of the wanderers
+defended themselves in a sequestered house, by the side of a lake. They
+aimed repeatedly, but in vain, at the commander of the assailants, an
+English officer, until, their ammunition running short, one of them
+loaded his piece with the ball at the head of the tongs, and succeeded
+in shooting the hitherto impenetrable captain. To accommodate Dundee's
+fate to their own hypothesis, the Cameronian tradition runs, that, in
+the battle of Killicrankie, he fell, not by the enemy's fire, but by the
+pistol of one of his own servants, who, to avoid the spell, had loaded
+it with a silver button from his coat. One of their writers argues thus:
+&quot;Perhaps, some may think this, anent proof-shot, a paradox, and be ready
+to object here, as formerly concerning Bishop Sharpe and Dalziel&mdash;How
+can the devil have, or give, power to save life? Without entering upon
+the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1. That it is neither
+in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is
+called Apollyon, the destroyer. 2. That, even in this case, he is said
+only to give enchantment against one kind of metal, and this does not
+save life: for, though lead could not take Sharpe and Claverhouse's
+lives, yet steel and silver could do it; and, for Dalziel, though
+he died not on the field, yet he did not escape the arrows of the
+Almighty.&quot;&mdash;<i>God's Judgement against Persecutors.</i> If the reader be not
+now convinced of <i>the thing in its reality</i>, I have nothing to add to
+such exquisite reasoning.</p></div>
+
+<p>John Balfour of Kinloch, commonly called Burly, was one of the fiercest
+of the proscribed sect. A gentleman by birth, he was, says his
+biographer, &quot;zealous and honest-hearted, courageous in every enterprise,
+and a brave soldier, seldom any escaping that came in his hands.&quot; <i>Life
+of John Balfour.</i> Creichton says, that he was once chamberlain to
+Archbishop Sharpe, and, by negligence, or dishonesty, had incurred
+a large arrear, which occasioned his being active in his master's
+assassination. But of this I know no other evidence than Creichton's
+assertion, and a hint in Wodrow. Burly, for that is his most common
+designation, was brother-in-law to Hackston of Rathillet a wild
+enthusiastic character, who joined daring courage, and skill in the
+sword, to the fiery zeal of his sect. Burly, himself, was less eminent
+for religious fervour than for the active and violent share which he had
+in the most desperate enterprises of his party. His name does not appear
+among the covenanters, who were denounced for the affair of Pentland.
+But, in 1677, Robert Hamilton, afterwards commander of the insurgents at
+Loudon Hill, and Bothwell Bridge, with several other non-conformists,
+were assembled at this Burly's house, in Fife. There they were attacked
+by a party of soldiers, commanded by Captain Carstairs, whom they beat
+off, wounding desperately one of his party. For this resistance to
+authority, they were declared rebels. The next exploit, in which Burly
+was engaged, was of a bloodier complexion, and more dreadful celebrity.
+It is well known, that James Sharpe, archbishop of St Andrews, was
+regarded, by the rigid presbyterians, not only as a renegade, who had
+turned back from the spiritual plough, but as the principal author of
+the rigours exercised against their sect. He employed, as an agent of
+his oppression, one Carmichael, a decayed gentleman. The industry
+of this man, in procuring information, and in enforcing the severe
+penalties against conventiclers, having excited the resentment of
+the Cameronians, nine of their number, of whom Burly, and his
+brother-in-law, Hackston, were the leaders, assembled, with the purpose
+of way-laying and murdering Carmichael; but, while they searched for him
+in vain, they received tidings that the archbishop himself was at hand.
+The party resorted to prayer; after which, they agreed, unanimously,
+that the Lord had delivered the wicked Haman into their hand. In the
+execution of the supposed will of heaven, they agreed to put themselves
+under the command of a leader; and they requested Hackston of Rathillet
+to accept the office, which he declined alleging, that, should he comply
+with their request, the slaughter might be imputed to a private quarrel,
+which existed betwixt him and the archbishop. The command was then
+offered to Burly, who accepted it without scruple; and they galloped off
+in pursuit of the archbishop's carriage, which contained himself and
+his daughter. Being well mounted, they easily overtook and disarmed the
+prelate's attendants. Burly, crying out, &quot;Judas, be taken!&quot; rode up to
+the carriage, wounded the postillion and ham-strung one of the horses.
+He then fired into the coach a piece, charged with several bullets, so
+near, that the archbishop's gown was set on fire. The rest, coming up,
+dismounted, and dragged him out of the carriage, when, frightened and
+wounded, he crawled towards Hackston, who still remained on horseback,
+and begged for mercy. The stern enthusiast contented himself with
+answering, that he would not himself <i>lay a hand on him</i>. Burly and his
+men again fired a volley upon the kneeling old man; and were in the act
+of riding off, when one, who remained to girth his horse, unfortunately
+heard the daughter of their victim call to the servant for help,
+exclaiming, that his master was still alive. Burly then again
+dismounted, struck off the prelate's hat with his foot, and split his
+skull with his shable (broad sword), although one of the party (probably
+Rathillet) exclaimed, &quot;<i>Spare these grey hairs</i>!&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_23"><sup>[A]</sup></a> The rest pierced
+him with repeated wounds. They plundered the carriage, and rode off,
+leaving, beside the mangled corpse, the daughter, who was herself
+wounded, in her pious endeavour to interpose betwixt her father and his
+murderers. The murder is accurately represented, in bas-relief, upon a
+beautiful monument erected to the memory of Archbishop Sharpe, in the
+metropolitan church of St Andrews. This memorable example of fanatic
+revenge was acted upon Magus Muir, near St Andrews, 3d May, 1679.<a name="FNanchor_B_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_24"><sup>[B]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_23">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> They believed Sharpe to be proof against shot; for one of
+the murderers told Wodrow, that, at the sight of cold iron, his courage
+fell. They no longer doubted this, when they found in his pocket a small
+clue of silk, rolled round a bit of parchment, marked with two long
+words, in Hebrew or Chaldaic characters. Accordingly, it is still
+averred, that the balls only left blue marks on the prelate's neck and
+breast, although the discharge was so near as to burn his clothes.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_24">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> The question, whether the bishop of St Andrews' death was
+murder was a shibboleth, or <i>experimentum crucis</i>, frequently put to the
+apprehended conventiclers. Isabel Alison, executed at Edinburgh, 26th
+January, 1681, was interrogated, before the privy council, if she
+conversed with David Hackston? &quot;I answered, I did converse with him, and
+I bless the Lord that ever I saw him; for I never saw ought in him but
+a godly pious youth. They asked, if the killing of the bishop of St
+Andrews was a pious act? I answered, I never heard him say he killed
+him; but, if God moved any, and put it upon them, to execute his
+righteous judgment upon him, I have nothing to say to that. They asked
+me, when saw ye John Balfour (Burly), that pious youth? I answered,
+I have seen him. They asked, when? I answered, these are frivolous
+questions; I am not bound to answer them.&quot; <i>Cloud of Witnesses</i>, p. 85.</p></div>
+
+<p>Burly was, of course, obliged to leave Fife; and, upon the 25th of the
+same month, he arrived in Evandale, in Lanarkshire, along with Hackston,
+and a fellow, called Dingwall, or Daniel, one of the same bloody band.
+Here he joined his old friend Hamilton, already mentioned; and, as they
+resolved to take up arms, they were soon at the head of such a body of
+the &quot;chased and tossed western men,&quot; as they thought equal to keep the
+field. They resolved to commence their exploits upon the 29th of May,
+1679, being the anniversary of the Restoration, appointed to be kept as
+a holiday, by act of parliament; an institution which they esteemed a
+presumptuous and unholy solemnity. Accordingly, at the head of eighty
+horse, tolerably appointed, Hamilton, Burly, and Hackston, entered the
+royal burgh of Rutherglen, extinguished the bonfires, made in honour
+of the day; burned at the cross the acts of parliament in favour of
+prelacy, and for suppression of conventicles, as well as those acts
+of council, which regulated the indulgence granted to presbyterians.
+Against all these acts they entered their solemn protest, or testimony,
+as they called it; and, having affixed it to the cross, concluded with
+prayer and psalms. Being now joined by a large body of foot, so that
+their strength seems to have amounted to five or six hundred men, though
+very indifferently armed, they encamped upon Loudoun Hill. Claverhouse,
+who was in garrison at Glasgow, instantly marched against the
+insurgents, at the head of his own troop of cavalry and others,
+amounting to about one hundred and fifty men. He arrived at Hamilton,
+on the 1st of June, so unexpectedly, as to make prisoner John King, a
+famous preacher among the wanderers; and rapidly continued his march,
+carrying his captive along with him, till he came to the village of
+Drumclog, about a mile east of Loudoun Hill, and twelve miles south-west
+of Hamilton. At some distance from this place, the insurgents were
+skilfully posted in a boggy strait, almost inaccessible to cavalry,
+having a broad ditch in their front. Claverhouse's dragoons discharged
+their carabines, and made an attempt to charge; but the nature of the
+ground threw them into total disorder. Burly, who commanded the handful
+of horse belonging to the whigs, instantly led them down on the
+disordered squadrons of Claverhouse, who were, at the same time,
+vigorously assaulted by the foot, headed by the gallant Cleland,<a name="FNanchor_A_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_25"><sup>[A]</sup></a> and
+the enthusiastic Hackston. Claverhouse himself was forced to fly, and
+was in the utmost danger of being taken; his horse's belly being cut
+open by the stroke of a scythe, so that the poor animal trailed his
+bowels for more than a mile. In his flight, he passed King, the
+minister, lately his prisoner, but now deserted by his guard, in the
+general confusion. The preacher hollowed to the flying commander, &quot;to
+halt, and take his prisoner with him;&quot; or, as others say, &quot;to stay,
+and take the afternoon's preaching.&quot; Claverhouse, at length remounted,
+continued his retreat to Glasgow. He lost, in the skirmish, about twenty
+of his troopers, and his own cornet and kinsman, Robert Graham, whose
+fate is alluded to in the ballad. Only four of the other side were
+killed, among whom was Dingwall, or Daniel, an associate of Burly in
+Sharpe's murder. &quot;The rebels,&quot; says Creichton, &quot;finding the cornet's
+body, and supposing it to be that of Clavers, because the name of Graham
+was wrought in the shirt-neck, treated it with the utmost inhumanity;
+cutting off the nose, picking out the eyes, and stabbing it through in
+a hundred places.&quot; The same charge is brought by Guild, in his <i>Bellum
+Bothuellianum</i>, in which occurs the following account of the skirmish at
+Drumclog:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mons est occiduus surgit qui celsus in oris</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Nomine Loudunum) fossis puteisque profundis</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quot scatet hic tellus et aprico gramine tectus:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Huc collecta (ait) numeroso milite cincta;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Turba ferox, matres, pueri, innuptaeque puellae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quam parat egregia Graemus dispersere turma.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Venit, et primo campo discedere cogit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Post hos et alios, caeno provolvit inerti;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At numerosa cohors, campum dispersa per omnem,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Circumfusa, ruit; turmasque indagine captas,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Aggreditur; virtus non hic, nec profuit ensis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Corripuere fugam, viridi sed gramine tectis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Precipitata perit, fossis, pars plurima, quorum</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cornipedes haesere luto, sessore rejecto:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tum rabiosa cohors, misereri nescia, stratos</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Invadit laceratque viros: hic signifer eheu!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Trajectus globulo, Graemus quo fortior alter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Inter Scotigenas fuerat, nec justior ullus:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hunc manibus rapuere feris, faciemque virilem</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Faedarunt, lingua, auriculus, manibusque resectis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Aspera, diffuso, spargentes saxa, cerebro:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vix dux ipse fuga salvus, namque exta trahebat</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vulnere tardatus, sonipes generosus hiante:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Insequitur clamore, cohors fanatica, namque</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Crudelis semper timidus si vicerit unquam.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>MS. Bellum Bothuellianum.</i></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_25">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> William Cleland, a man of considerable genius, was author
+of several poems, published in 1697. His Hudibrastic verses are poor
+scurrilous trash, as the reader may judge from the description of the
+Highlanders, already quoted. But, in a wild rhapsody, entitled, &quot;Hollo,
+my Fancy,&quot; he displays some imagination. His anti-monarchical principles
+seem to break out in the following lines:&mdash;
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fain would I know (if beasts have any reason)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>If falcons killing eagles do commit a treason?</i></span><br>
+</p><p>
+He was a strict non-conformist, and, after the Revolution, became
+lieutenant colonel of the earl of Angus's regiment, called the
+Cameronian regiment. He was killed 21st August, 1689, in the churchyard
+of Dunkeld, which his corps manfully and successfully defended against
+a superior body of Highlanders. His son was the author of the letter
+prefixed to the Dunciad, and is said to have been the notorious Cleland,
+who, in circumstances of pecuniary embarrassment, prostituted his
+talents to the composition of indecent and infamous works; but this
+seems inconsistent with dates, and the latter personage was probably the
+grandson of Colonel Cleland.</p></div>
+
+<p>Although Burly was among the most active leaders in the action, he was
+not the commander in chief, as one would conceive from the ballad. That
+honour belonged to Robert Hamilton, brother to Sir William Hamilton of
+Preston, a gentleman, who, like most of those at Drumclog, had imbibed
+the very wildest principles of fanaticism. The Cameronian account of
+the insurrection states, that &quot;Mr Hamilton discovered a great deal of
+bravery and valour, both in the conflict with, and pursuit of the enemy;
+but when he and some others were pursuing the enemy, others flew too
+greedily upon the spoil, small as it was, instead of pursuing the
+victory: and some, without Mr Hamilton's knowledge, and against his
+strict command, gave five of these bloody enemies quarters, and then let
+them go: this greatly grieved Mr Hamilton, when he saw some of Babel's
+brats spared, after the Lord had delivered them to their hands, that
+they might dash them against the stones.&quot; <i>Psalm</i> cxxxvii. 9. In his own
+account of this, &quot;he reckons the sparing of these enemies, and letting
+them go, to be among their first stepping aside; for which, he feared
+that the Lord would not honour them to do much more for him; and says,
+that he was neither for taking favours from, nor giving favours to the
+Lord's enemies.&quot; Burly was not a likely man to fall into this sort of
+backsliding. He disarmed one of the duke of Hamilton's servants, who had
+been in the action, and desired him to tell his master, he would keep,
+till meeting, the pistols he had taken from him. The man described Burly
+to the duke as a little stout man, squint-eyed, and of a most ferocious
+aspect; from which it appears, that Burly's figure corresponded to his
+manners, and perhaps gave rise to his nickname, <i>Burly</i> signifying
+<i>strong</i>. He was with the insurgents till the battle of Bothwell Bridge,
+and afterwards fled to Holland. He joined the prince of Orange, but died
+at sea, during the expedition. The Cameronians still believe, he
+had obtained liberty from the prince to be avenged of those who had
+persecuted the Lord's people; but through his death, the laudable design
+of purging the land with their blood, is supposed to have fallen to the
+ground.&mdash;<i>Life of Balfour of Kinloch.</i></p>
+
+<p>The consequences of the battle of Loudon Hill will be detailed in the
+introduction to the next ballad.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">You'l marvel when I tell ye o'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Our noble Burly, and his train;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When last he march'd up thro' the land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' sax and twenty westland men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than they I ne'er o' braver heard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For they had a' baith wit and skill</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They proved right well, as I heard tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As they cam up o'er Loudoun Hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Weel prosper a' the gospel lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That are into the west countrie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ay wicked Claver'se to demean,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ay an ill dead may he die!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he's drawn up i' battle rank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' that baith soon an' hastilie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But they wha live till simmer come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Some bludie days for this will see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up spak cruel Claver'se then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' hastie wit, an' wicked skill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gie fire on yon westlan' men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I think it is my sov'reign's will.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up bespake his cornet, then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It's be wi' nae consent o' me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ken I'll ne'er come back again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' mony mae as weel as me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There is not ane of a' yon men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But wha is worthy other three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There is na ane amang them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That in his cause will stap to die.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' as for Burly, him I knaw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He's a man of honour, birth, an' fame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gie him a sword into his hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He'll fight thysel an' other ten.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up spake wicked Claver'se then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wat his heart it raise fu' hie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has cry'd that a' might hear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Man, ye hae sair deceived me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I never ken'd the like afore,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Na, never since I came frae hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That you sae cowardly here suld prove,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' yet come of a noble Graeme.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up bespake his cornet, then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since that it is your honour's will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Mysel shall be the foremost man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That shall gie fire on Loudoun Hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;At your command I'll lead them on,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But yet wi' nae consent o' me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For weel I ken I'll ne'er return,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And mony mae as weel as me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up he drew in battle rank;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wat he had a bonny train!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But the first time that bullets flew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ay he lost twenty o' his men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then back he came the way he gael,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wat right soon an' suddenly!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He gave command amang his men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sent them back, and bade them flee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up came Burly, bauld an' stout,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi's little train o' westland men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wha mair than either aince or twice</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In Edinburgh confined had been.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hae been up to London sent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' yet they're a' come safely down;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sax troop o' horsemen they hae beat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And chased them into Glasgow town.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>It has been often remarked, that the Scottish, notwithstanding their
+national courage, were always unsuccessful, when fighting for their
+religion. The cause lay, not in the principle, but in the mode of its
+application. A leader like Mahomet, who is, at the same time, the
+prophet of his tribe, may avail himself of religious enthusiasm, because
+it comes to the aid of discipline, and is a powerful means of attaining
+the despotic command, essential to the success of a general. But,
+among the insurgents, in the reigns of the last Stuarts, were mingled
+preachers, who taught different shades of the presbyterian doctrine;
+and, minute as these shades sometimes were, neither the several
+shepherds, nor their flocks, could cheerfully unite in a common cause.
+This will appear from the transactions leading to the battle of Bothwell
+Bridge.</p>
+
+<p>We have seen, that the party, which defeated Claverhouse at Loudoun
+Hill, were Cameronians, whose principles consisted in disowning all
+temporal authority, which did not flow from and through the Solemn
+League and Covenant. This doctrine, which is still retained by a
+scattered remnant of the sect in Scotland, is in theory, and would be in
+practice, inconsistent with the safety of any well regulated government,
+because the Covenanters deny to their governors that toleration, which
+was iniquitously refused to themselves. In many respects, therefore, we
+cannot be surprised at the anxiety and rigour with which the Cameronians
+were persecuted, although we may be of opinion, that milder means would
+have induced a melioration of their principles. These men, as already
+noticed, excepted against such presbyterians, as were contented to
+exercise their worship under the indulgence granted by government,
+or, in other words, who would have been satisfied with toleration for
+themselves, without insisting upon a revolution in the state, or even in
+the church government.</p>
+
+<p>When, however, the success at Loudoun Hill was spread abroad, a number
+of preachers, gentlemen, and common people, who had embraced the more
+moderate doctrine, joined the army of Hamilton, thinking, that the
+difference in their opinions ought not to prevent their acting in the
+common cause. The insurgents were repulsed in an attack upon the town
+of Glasgow, which, however, Claverhouse, shortly afterwards, thought it
+necessary to evacuate. They were now nearly in full possession of the
+west of Scotland, and pitched their camp at Hamilton, where, instead of
+modelling and disciplining their army, the Cameronians and Erastians
+(for so the violent insurgents chose to call the more moderate
+presbyterians) only debated, in council of war, the real cause of their
+being in arms. Hamilton, their general, was the leader of the first
+party; Mr John Walsh, a minister, headed the Erastians. The latter so
+far prevailed, as to get a declaration drawn up, in which they owned the
+king's government; but the publication of it gave rise to new quarrels.
+Each faction had its own set of leaders, all of whom aspired to be
+officers; and there were actually two councils of war issuing contrary
+orders and declarations at the same time; the one owning the king, and
+the other designing him a malignant, bloody, and perjured tyrant.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, their numbers and zeal were magnified at Edinburgh, and great
+alarm excited lest they should march eastward. Not only was the foot
+militia instantly called out, but proclamations were issued, directing
+all the heritors, in the eastern, southern, and northern shires, to
+repair to the king's host, with their best horses, arms, and retainers.
+In Fife, and other countries, where the presbyterian doctrines
+prevailed, many gentlemen disobeyed this order, and were afterwards
+severely fined. Most of them alleged, in excuse, the apprehension of
+disquiet from their wives.<a name="FNanchor_A_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_26"><sup>[A]</sup></a> A respectable force was soon assembled;
+and James, duke of Buccleuch and Monmouth, was sent down, by Charles,
+to take the command, furnished with instructions, not unfavourable
+to presbyterians. The royal army now moved slowly forwards towards
+Hamilton, and reached Bothwell-moor on the 22d of June, 1679. The
+insurgents were encamped chiefly in the duke of Hamilton's park, along
+the Clyde, which separated the two armies. Bothwell-bridge, which is
+long and narrow, had then a portal in the middle, with gates, which the
+Covenanters shut, and barricadoed with stones and logs of timber. This
+important post was defended by three hundred of their best men, under
+Hackston of Rathillet, and Hall of Haughhead. Early in the morning, this
+party crossed the bridge, and skirmished with the royal vanguard,
+now advanced as far as the village of Bothwell. But Hackston speedily
+retired to his post, at the western end of Bothwell-bridge.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_26">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;Balcanquhall of that ilk alledged, that his horses were
+robbed, but shunned to take the declaration, for fear of disquiet from
+his wife. Young of Kirkton&mdash;his ladyes dangerous sickness, and bitter
+curses if he should leave her, and the appearance of abortion on his
+offering to go from her. And many others pled, in general terms, that
+their wives opposed or contradicted their going. But the justiciary
+court found this defence totally irrelevant.&quot;&mdash;Fountainhall's
+<i>Decisions</i>, Vol. I. p. 88.</p></div>
+
+<p>While the dispositions, made by the duke of Monmouth, announced his
+purpose of assailing the pass, the more moderate of the insurgents
+resolved to offer terms. Ferguson of Kaithloch, a gentleman of landed
+fortune, and David Hume, a clergyman, carried to the duke of Monmouth
+a supplication, demanding free exercise of their religion, a free
+parliament, and a free general assembly of the church. The duke heard
+their demands with his natural mildness, and assured them, he would
+interpose with his majesty in their behalf, on condition of their
+immediately dispersing themselves, and yielding up their arms. Had the
+insurgents been all of the moderate opinion, this proposal would have
+been accepted, much bloodshed saved, and, perhaps, some permanent
+advantage derived to their party; or, had they been all Cameronians,
+their defence would have been fierce and desperate. But, while their
+motley and misassorted officers were debating upon the duke's proposal,
+his field-pieces were already planted on the eastern side of the
+river, to cover the attack of the foot guards, who were led on by Lord
+Livingstone to force the bridge. Here Hackston maintained his post with
+zeal and courage; nor was it until all his ammunition was expended, and
+every support denied him by the general, that he reluctantly abandoned
+the important pass.<a name="FNanchor_A_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_27"><sup>[A]</sup></a> When his party were drawn back, the duke's army,
+slowly, and with their cannon in front, defiled along the bridge,
+and formed in line of battle, as they came over the river; the duke
+commanded the foot, and Claverhouse the cavalry. It would seem, that
+these movements could not have been performed without at least some
+loss, had the enemy been serious in opposing them. But the insurgents
+were otherwise employed. With the strangest delusion, that ever fell
+upon devoted beings, they chose these precious moments to cashier their
+officers, and elect others in their room. In this important operation,
+they were at length disturbed by the duke's cannon, at the very first
+discharge of which, the horse of the Covenanters wheeled, and rode off,
+breaking and trampling down the ranks of their infantry in their flight.
+The Cameronian account blames Weir of Greenridge, a commander of the
+horse, who is termed a sad Achan in the camp. The more moderate party
+lay the whole blame on Hamilton, whose conduct, they say, left the world
+to debate, whether he was most traitor, coward, or fool. The generous
+Monmouth was anxious to spare the blood of his infatuated countrymen, by
+which he incurred much blame among the high-flying royalists. Lucky it
+was for the insurgents that the battle did not happen a day later, when
+old General Dalziel, who divided with Claverhouse the terror and hatred
+of the whigs, arrived in the camp, with a commission to supersede
+Monmouth, as commander in chief. He is said to have upbraided the
+duke, publicly, with his lenity, and heartily to have wished his own
+commission had come a day sooner, when, as he expresses himself, &quot;These
+rogues should never more have troubled the king or country.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_28"><sup>[B]</sup></a> But,
+notwithstanding the merciful orders of the duke of Monmouth, the cavalry
+made great slaughter among the fugitives, of whom four hundred were
+slain. Guild thus expresses himself:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ei ni Dux validus tenuisset forte catervas,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vix quisquam profugus vitam servasset inertem:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Non audita Ducis verum mandata supremi</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Omnibus, insequitur fugientes plurima turba,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Perque agros, passim, trepida formidine captos</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Obtruncat, saevumque adigit per viscera ferrum.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>MS. Bellum Bothuellianum.</i></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_27">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> There is an accurate representation of this part of the
+engagement in an old painting, of which there are two copies extant;
+one in the collection of his grace the duke of Hamilton, the other at
+Dalkeith house. The whole appearance of the ground, even including a few
+old houses, is the same which the scene now presents: The removal of the
+porch, or gateway, upon the bridge, is the only perceptible difference.
+The duke of Monmouth, on a white charger, directs the march of the party
+engaged in storming the bridge, while his artillery gall the motley
+ranks of the Covenanters. An engraving of this painting would be
+acceptable to the curious; and I am satisfied an opportunity of copying
+it, for that purpose, would be readily granted by either of the noble
+proprietors.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_28">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Dalziel was a man of savage manners. A prisoner having
+railed at him, while under examination before the privy council, calling
+him &quot;a Muscovia beast, who used to roast men, the general, in a passion,
+struck him, with the pomel of his shabble, on the face, till the blood
+sprung.&quot;&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 159. He had sworn never to shave his
+beard after the death of Charles the First. This venerable appendage
+reached his girdle, and, as he wore always an old-fashioned buff coat,
+his appearance in London never failed to attract the notice of the
+children and of the mob. King Charles II. used to swear at him, for
+bringing such a rabble of boys together, to be squeezed to death, while
+they gaped at his long beard and antique habit, and exhorted him to
+shave and dress like a Christian, to keep the poor <i>bairns</i>, as Dalziel
+expressed it, out of danger. In compliance with this request, he once
+appeared at court fashionably dressed, excepting the beard; but, when
+the king had laughed sufficiently at the metamorphosis, he
+resumed his old dress, to the great joy of the boys, his usual
+attendants.&mdash;CREICHTON'S <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 102.</p></div>
+
+<p>The same deplorable circumstances are more elegantly bewailed in
+<i>Clyde</i>, a poem, reprinted in <i>Scotish Descriptive Poems</i>, edited by Dr
+John Leyden, Edinburgh, 1803:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where Bothwell's bridge connects the margins steep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Clyde, below, runs silent, strong, and deep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The hardy peasant, by oppression driven</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To battle, deemed his cause the cause of heaven:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Unskilled in arms, with useless courage stood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">While gentle Monmouth grieved to shed his blood:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But fierce Dundee, inflamed with deadly hate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In vengeance for the great Montrose's fate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Let loose the sword, and to the hero's shade</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A barbarous hecatomb of victims paid.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>The object of Claverhouse's revenge, assigned by Wilson, is grander,
+though more remote and less natural, than that in the ballad, which
+imputes the severity of the pursuit to his thirst to revenge the death
+of his cornet and kinsman, at Drumclog;<a name="FNanchor_A_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_29"><sup>[A]</sup></a> and to the quarrel betwixt
+Claverhouse and Monmouth, it ascribes, with great <i>naivet&eacute;</i> the bloody
+fate of the latter. Local tradition is always apt to trace foreign
+events to the domestic causes, which are more immediately in the
+narrator's view. There is said to be another song upon this battle, once
+very popular, but I have not been able to recover it. This copy is given
+from recitation.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_29">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> There is some reason to conjecture, that the revenge of the
+Cameronians, if successful, would have been little less sanguinary than
+that of the royalists. Creichton mentions, that they had erected, in
+their camp, a high pair of gallows, and prepared a quantity of halters,
+to hang such prisoners as might fall into their hands, and he admires
+the forbearance of the king's soldiers, who, when they returned with
+their prisoners, brought them to the very spot where the gallows stood,
+and guarded them there, without offering to hang a single individual.
+Guild, in the <i>Bellum Bothuellianum</i>, alludes to the same story, which
+is rendered probable by the character of Hamilton, the insurgent
+general. GUILD'S <i>MSS.</i>&mdash;CREICHTON'S <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 61.</p></div>
+
+<p>There were two Gordons of Earlstoun, father and son. They were descended
+of an ancient family in the west of Scotland, and their progenitors were
+believed to have been favourers of the reformed doctrine, and possessed
+of a translation of the Bible, as early as the days of Wickliffe.
+William Gordon, the father, was, in 1663, summoned before the privy
+council, for keeping conventicles in his house and woods. By another act
+of council, he was banished out of Scotland; but the sentence was never
+put into execution. In 1667, Earlstoun was turned out of his house,
+which was converted into a garrison for the king's soldiers. He was not
+in the battle of Bothwell Bridge, but was met, hastening towards it, by
+some English dragoons, engaged in the pursuit, already commenced. As
+he refused to surrender, he was instantly slain. WILSON'S <i>History
+of Bothwell Rising&mdash;Life of Gordon of Earlston, in Scottish
+Worthies</i>&mdash;WODROW'S <i>History,</i> Vol. II. The son, Alexander Gordon
+of Earlstoun, I suppose to be the hero of the ballad. He was not a
+Cameronian, but of the more moderate class of presbyterians, whose sole
+object was freedom of conscience, and relief from the oppressive laws
+against non-conformists. He joined the insurgents, shortly after the
+skirmish at Loudoun-hill. He appears to have been active in forwarding
+the supplication sent to the duke of Monmouth. After the battle, he
+escaped discovery, by flying into a house at Hamilton, belonging to one
+of his tenants, and disguising himself in female attire. His person
+was proscribed, and his estate of Earlstoun was bestowed upon Colonel
+Theophilus Ogilthorpe, by the crown, first in security for L.5000,
+and afterwards in perpetuity.&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL, p. 390. The same author
+mentions a person tried at the circuit court, July 10, 1683, solely for
+holding intercourse with Earlstoun, an intercommuned (proscribed) rebel.
+As he had been in Holland after the battle of Bothwell, he was probably
+accessory to the scheme of invasion, which the unfortunate earl of
+Argyle was then meditating. He was apprehended upon his return to
+Scotland, tried, convicted of treason, and condemned to die; but his
+fate was postponed by a letter from the king, appointing him to be
+reprieved for a month, that he might, in the interim, be tortured for
+the discovery of his accomplices. The council had the unusual spirit
+to remonstrate against this illegal course of severity. On November
+3, 1653, he received a farther respite, in hopes he would make some
+discovery. When brought to the bar, to be tortured (for the king had
+reiterated his commands), he, through fear or distraction, roared like a
+bull, and laid so stoutly about him, that the hangman and his assistant
+could hardly master him. At last he fell into a swoon, and, on his
+recovery, charged General Dalziel and Drummond (violent tories),
+together with the duke of Hamilton, with being the leaders of the
+fanatics. It was generally thought, that he affected this extravagant
+behaviour, to invalidate all that agony might extort from him concerning
+his real accomplices. He was sent, first, to Edinburgh castle, and,
+afterwards, to a prison upon the Bass island; although the privy council
+more than once deliberated upon appointing his immediate death. On 22d
+August, 1684, Earlstoun was sent for from the Bass, and ordered for
+execution, 4th November, 1684. He endeavoured to prevent his doom by
+escape; but was discovered and taken, after he had gained the roof of
+the prison. The council deliberated, whether, in consideration of this
+attempt, he was not liable to instant execution. Finally, however, they
+were satisfied to imprison him in Blackness castle, where he remained
+till after the Revolution, when he was set at liberty, and his doom of
+forfeiture reversed by act of parliament.&mdash;See FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. pp.
+238, 240, 245, 250, 301, 302.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O Billie, billie, bonny billie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Will ye go to the wood wi' me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll ca' our horse hame masterless,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' gar them trow slain men are we.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O no, O no!&quot; says Earlstoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For that's the thing that mauna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I am sworn to Bothwell Hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Where I maun either gae or die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So Earlstoun rose in the morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' mounted by the break o' day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he has joined our Scottish lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As they were marching out the way.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, farewell father, and farewell mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' fare ye weel my sisters three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' fare ye weel my Earlstoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For thee again I'll never see!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So they're awa' to Bothwell Hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An waly<a name="FNanchor_A_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_30"><sup>[A]</sup></a> they rode bonnily!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the duke o' Monmouth saw them comin',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He went to view their company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're welcome, lads,&quot; then Monmouth said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye're welcome, brave Scots lads, to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And sae are ye, brave Earlstoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The foremost o' your company!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But yield your weapons ane an' a';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O yield your weapons, lads, to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, gin ye'll yield your weapons up,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye'se a' gae hame to your country.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out up then spak a Lennox lad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And waly but he spak bonnily!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I winna yield my weapons up,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To you nor nae man that I see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he set up the flag o' red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A' set about wi' bonny blue;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since ye'll no cease, and be at peace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;See that ye stand by ither true.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They stell'd<a name="FNanchor_B_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_31"><sup>[B]</sup></a> their cannons on the height,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And showr'd their shot down in the how;<a name="FNanchor_C_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_32"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' beat our Scots lads even down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Thick they lay slain on every know.<a name="FNanchor_D_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_33"><sup>[D]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As e'er you saw the rain down fa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or yet the arrow frae the bow,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sae our Scottish lads fell even down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' they lay slain on every know.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, hold your hand,&quot; then Monmouth cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gie quarters to yon men for me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But wicked Claver'se swore an oath,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His cornet's death reveng'd sud be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hold your hand,&quot; then Monmouth cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;If ony thing you'll do for me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hold up your hand, you cursed Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Else a rebel to our king ye'll be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then wicked Claver'se turn'd about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wot an angry man was he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has lifted up his hat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And cry'd, &quot;God bless his majesty!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he's awa to London town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ay e'en as fast as he can dree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fause witnesses he has wi' him ta'en.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' ta'en Monmouth's head f'rae his body.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alang the brae, beyond the brig,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Mony brave man lies cauld and still;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But lang we'll mind, and sair we'll rue,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The bloody battle of Bothwell Hill.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_30">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Waly!</i> an interjection.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_31">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Stell'd</i>&mdash;Planted.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_32">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>How</i>&mdash;Hollow.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_33">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Know</i>&mdash;Knoll.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Then he set up the flag of red,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>A' set about wi' bonnie blue.</i>&mdash;P. 91. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Blue was the favourite colour of the Covenanters; hence the vulgar
+phrase of a true blue whig. Spalding informs us, that when the first
+army of Covenanters entered Aberdeen, few or none &quot;wanted a blue
+ribband; the lord Gordon, and some others of the marquis (of Huntley's)
+family had a ribband, when they were dwelling in the town, of a red
+fresh colour, which they wore in their hats, and called it the <i>royal
+ribband</i>, as a sign of their love and loyalty to the king. In despite
+and derision thereof, this blue ribband was worn, and called the
+<i>Covenanter's ribband</i>, by the hail soldiers of the army, who would not
+hear of the royal ribband, such was their pride and malice.&quot;&mdash;Vol. I. p.
+123. After the departure of this first army, the town was occupied by
+the barons of the royal party, till they were once more expelled by the
+Covenanters, who plundered the burgh and country adjacent; &quot;no fowl,
+cock, or hen, left unkilled, the hail house-dogs, messens (i.e.
+lap-dogs), and whelps, within Aberdeen, killed upon the streets; so that
+neither hound, messen, nor other dog, was left alive that they could
+see: the reason was this,&mdash;when the first army came here, ilk captain
+and soldier had a blue ribband about his craig (i.e. neck); in despite
+and derision whereof, when they removed from Aberdeen, some women of
+Aberdeen, as was alleged, knit blue ribbands about their messens'
+craigs, whereat their soldiers took offence, and killed all their dogs
+for this very cause.&quot;&mdash;P. 160.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen one of the ancient banners of the Covenanters: it
+was divided into four copartments, inscribed with the words,
+<i>Christ&mdash;Covenant&mdash;King&mdash;Kingdom</i>. Similar standards are mentioned in
+Spalding's curious and minute narrative, Vol. II. pp. 182, 245.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Hold up your hand, ye cursed Graeme,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Else a rebel to our king ye'll be.</i>&mdash;P, 91. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>It is very extraordinary, that, in April, 1685, Claverhouse was left out
+of the new commission of privy council, as being too favourable to the
+fanatics. The pretence was his having married into the presbyterian
+family of lord Dundonald. An act of council was also past, regulating
+the payment of quarters, which is stated by Fountainhall to have been
+done in <i>odium</i> of Claverhouse, and in order to excite complaints
+against him. This charge, so inconsistent with the nature and conduct of
+Claverhouse, seems to have been the fruit of a quarrel betwixt him and
+the lord high treasurer. FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 360.</p>
+
+<p>That Claverhouse was most unworthily accused of mitigating the
+persecution of the Covenanters, will appear from the following simple,
+but very affecting narrative, extracted from one of the little
+publications which appeared soon after the Revolution, while the
+facts were fresh in the memory of the sufferers. The imitation of the
+scriptural stile produces, in some passages of these works, an effect
+not unlike what we feel in reading the beautiful book of Ruth. It is
+taken from the life of Mr Alexander Peden,<a name="FNanchor_A_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_34"><sup>[A]</sup></a> printed about 1720.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In the beginning of May, 1685, he came to the house of John Brown and
+Marion Weir, whom he married before he went to Ireland, where he stayed
+all night; and, in the morning when he took farewell, he came out of the
+door, saying to himself, &quot;Poor woman, a fearful morning,&quot; twice over. &quot;A
+dark misty morning!&quot; The next morning, between five and six hours, the
+said John Brown having performed the worship of God in his family, was
+going, with a spade in his hand, to make ready some peat ground: the
+mist being very dark, he knew not until cruel and bloody Claverhouse
+compassed him with three troops of horse, brought him to his house, and
+there examined him; who, though he was a man of a stammering speech, yet
+answered him distinctly and solidly; which made Claverhouse to examine
+those whom he had taken to be his guides through the muirs, if ever they
+heard him preach? They answered, &quot;No, no, he was never a preacher.&quot; He
+said, &quot;If he has never preached, meikle he has prayed in his time;&quot; he
+said to John, &quot;Go to your prayers, for you shall immediately die!&quot; When
+he was praying, Claverhouse interrupted him three times; one time, that
+he stopt him, he was pleading that the Lord would spare a remnant, and
+not make a full end in the day of his anger. Claverhouse said, &quot;I gave
+you time to pray, and ye are begun to preach;&quot; he turned about upon
+his knees, and said, &quot;Sir, you know neither the nature of preaching or
+praying, that calls this preaching.&quot; Then continued without confusion.
+When ended, Claverhouse said, &quot;Take goodnight of your wife and
+children.&quot; His wife, standing by with her child in her arms that she had
+brought forth to him, and another child of his first wife's, he came
+to her, and said, &quot;Now, Marion, the day is come, that I told you would
+come, when I spake first to you of marrying me.&quot; She said, &quot;Indeed,
+John, I can willingly part with you.&quot;&mdash;&quot;Then,&quot; he said, &quot;this is all I
+desire, I have no more to do but die.&quot; He kissed his wife and bairns,
+and wished purchased and promised blessings to be multiplied upon them,
+and his blessing. Clavers ordered six soldiers to shoot him; the most
+part of the bullets came upon his head, which scattered his brains upon
+the ground. Claverhouse said to his wife, &quot;What thinkest thou of thy
+husband now, woman?&quot; She said, &quot;I thought ever much of him, and now as
+much as ever.&quot; He said, &quot;It were justice to lay thee beside him.&quot; She
+said, &quot;If ye were permitted, I doubt not but your cruelty would go that
+length; but how will ye make answer for this morning's work?&quot; He said,
+&quot;To man I can be answerable; and for God, I will take him in my own
+hand.&quot; Claverhouse mounted his horse, and marched, and left her with the
+corpse of her dead husband lying there; she set the bairn on the ground,
+and gathered his brains, and tied up his head, and straighted his body,
+and covered him in her plaid, and sat down, and wept over him. It being
+a very desart place, where never victual grew, and far from neighbours,
+it was some time before any friends came to her; the first that came was
+a very fit hand, that old singular Christian woman, in the Cummerhead,
+named Elizabeth Menzies, three miles distant, who had been tried with
+the violent death of her husband at Pentland, afterwards of two worthy
+sons, Thomas Weir, who was killed at Drumclog, and David Steel, who was
+suddenly shot afterwards when taken. The said Marion Weir, sitting upon
+her husband's grave, told me, that before that, she could see no blood
+but she was in danger to faint; and yet she was helped to be a witness
+to all this, without either fainting or confusion, except when the shots
+were let off her eyes dazzled. His corpse were buried at the end of his
+house, where he was slain, with this inscription on his grave-stone:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In earth's cold bed, the dusty part here lies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of one who did the earth as dust despise!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Here, in this place, from earth he took departure;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, he has got the garland of the martyrs.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_34">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The enthusiasm of this personage, and of his followers,
+invested him, as has been already noticed, with prophetic powers; but
+hardly any of the stories told of him exceeds that sort of gloomy
+conjecture of misfortune, which the precarious situation of his sect
+so greatly fostered. The following passage relates to the battle
+of Bothwell-bridge:&mdash;&quot;That dismal day, 22d of June, 1679, at
+Bothwell-bridge, when the Lord's people fell and fled before the enemy,
+he was forty miles distant, near the border, and kept himself retired
+until the middle of the day, when some friends said to him, 'Sir, the
+people are waiting for sermon,' He answered, 'Let them go to their
+prayers; for me, I neither can nor will preach any this day, for our
+friends are fallen and fled before the enemy, at Hamilton, and they are
+hacking and hewing them down, and their blood is running like water.&quot;
+The feats of Peden are thus commemorated by Fountainhall, 27th of March,
+1650: &quot;News came to the privy council, that about one hundred men, well
+armed and appointed, had left Ireland, because of a search there for
+such malcontents, and landed in the west of Scotland, and joined with
+the wild fanatics. The council, finding that they disappointed the
+forces, by skulking from hole to hole, were of opinion, it were better
+to let them gather into a body, and draw to a head, and so they would
+get them altogether in a snare. They had one Mr Peden, a minister, with
+them, and one Isaac, who commanded them. They had frighted most part
+of all the country ministers, so that they durst not stay at their
+churches, but retired to Edinburgh, or to garrison towns; and it was sad
+to see whole shires destitute of preaching, except in burghs. Wherever
+they came they plundered arms, and particularly at my Lord Dumfries's
+house.&quot;&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 359.</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;This murder was committed betwixt six and seven in the morning: Mr
+Peden was about ten or eleven miles distant, having been in the fields
+all night: he came to the house betwixt seven and eight, and desired to
+call in the family, that he might pray amongst them; when praying, he
+said, &quot;Lord, when wilt thou avenge Brown's blood? Oh, let Brown's blood
+be precious in thy sight! and hasten the day when thou wilt avenge it,
+with Cameron's, Cargil's, and many others of our martyrs' names; and oh!
+for that day, when the Lord would avenge all their bloods!&quot; When ended,
+John Muirhead enquired what he meant by Brown's blood? He said twice
+over, &quot;What do I mean? Claverhouse has been at the Preshil this morning,
+and has cruelly murdered John Brown; his corpse are lying at the end of
+his house, and his poor wife sitting weeping by his corpse, and not a
+soul to speak a word comfortably to her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>While we read this dismal story, we must remember Brown's situation
+was that of an avowed and determined rebel, liable as such to military
+execution; so that the atrocity was more that of the times than of
+Claverhouse. That general's gallant adherence to his master, the
+misguided James VII., and his glorious death on the field of victory, at
+Killicrankie, have tended to preserve and gild his memory. He is still
+remembered in the Highlands as the most successful leader of their
+clans. An ancient gentleman, who had borne arms for the cause of Stuart,
+in 1715, told the editor, that, when the armies met on the field of
+battle, at Sheriff-muir, a veteran chief (I think he named Gordon
+of Glenbucket), covered with scars, came up to the earl of Mar, and
+earnestly pressed him to order the Highlanders to charge, before the
+regular army of Argyle had completely formed their line, and at a moment
+when the rapid and furious onset of the clans might have thrown them
+into total disorder. Mar repeatedly answered, it was not yet time; till
+the chieftain turned from him in disdain and despair, and, stamping with
+rage, exclaimed aloud, &quot;O for one hour of Dundee!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Claverhouse's sword (a strait cut-and-thrust blade) is in the possession
+of Lord Woodhouselee. In Pennycuik-house is preserved the buff-coat,
+which he wore at the battle of Killicrankie. The fatal shot-hole is
+under the arm-pit, so that the ball must have been received while his
+arm was raised to direct the pursuit However he came by his charm of
+<i>proof</i>, he certainly had not worn the garment usually supposed to
+confer that privelage, and which is called <i>the waistcoat of proof, or
+of necessity</i>. It was thus made: &quot;On Christmas daie, at night, a thread
+must be sponne of flax, by a little virgine girle, in the name of the
+divell: and it must be by her woven, and also wrought with the needle.
+In the breast, or forepart thereof, must be made with needle work, two
+heads; on the head, at the right side, must be a hat and a long beard;
+the left head must have on a crown, and it must be so horrible that it
+maie resemble Belzebub; and on each side of the wastcote must be made a
+crosse.&quot;&mdash;SCOTT'S <i>Discoverie of Witchcraft,</i> p. 231.</p>
+
+<p>It would be now no difficult matter to bring down our popular poetry,
+connected with history, to the year 1745. But almost all the party
+ballads of that period have been already printed, and ably illustrated
+by Mr Ritson.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>END OF HISTORICAL BALLADS.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;">
+<a name="MINSTRELSY_OF_THE_SCOTTISH_BORDER"></a><h2>MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH BORDER.</h2>
+<br>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i><a name="b">ROMANTIC BALLADS.</a></i></p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE,</p>
+
+<p>BY J. LEYDEN.</p>
+
+<p>TO IANTHE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Again, sweet syren, breathe again</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That deep, pathetic, powerful strain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whose melting tones, of tender woe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fall soft as evening's summer dew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That bathes the pinks and harebells blue,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Which in the vales of Tiviot blow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such was the song that soothed to rest.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Far in the green isle of the west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The Celtic warrior's parted shade;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such are the lonely sounds that sweep</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O'er the blue bosom of the deep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Where ship-wrecked mariners are laid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ah! sure, as Hind&uacute; legends tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When music's tones the bosom swell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The scenes of former life return;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere, sunk beneath the morning star,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We left our parent climes afar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Immured in mortal forms to mourn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or if, as ancient sages ween,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Departed spirits, half-unseen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Can mingle with the mortal throng;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Tis when from heart to heart we roll</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The deep-toned music of the soul,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That warbles in our Scottish song.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I hear, I hear, with awful dread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The plaintive music of the dead;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They leave the amber fields of day:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Soft as the cadence of the wave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That murmurs round the mermaid's grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They mingle in the magic lay.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet syren, breathe the powerful strain!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Lochroyan's Damsel</i><a name="FNanchor_A_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_35"><sup>[A]</sup></a> sails the main;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The chrystal tower enchanted see!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now break,&quot; she cries, &quot;ye fairy charms!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As round she sails with fond alarms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Now break, and set my true love free!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord Barnard is to greenwood gone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where fair <i>Gil Morrice</i> sits alone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And careless combs his yellow hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ah! mourn the youth, untimely slain!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The meanest of Lord Barnard's train</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The hunter's mangled head must bear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or, change these notes of deep despair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For love's more soothing tender air:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sing, how, beneath the greenwood tree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Brown Adam's</i><a name="FNanchor_B_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_36"><sup>[B]</sup></a> love maintained her truth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor would resign the exiled youth</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For any knight the fair could see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sing <i>the Hawk of pinion gray</i>,<a name="FNanchor_C_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_37"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To southern climes who winged his way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For he could speak as well as fly;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her brethren how the fair beguiled,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on her Scottish lover smiled,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As slow she raised her languid eye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair was her cheek's carnation glow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like red blood on a wreath of snow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Like evening's dewy star her eye:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">White as the sea-mew's downy breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Borne on the surge's foamy crest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her graceful bosom heaved the sigh.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In youth's first morn, alert and gay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere rolling years had passed away,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Remembered like a morning dream,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I heard these dulcet measures float,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In many a liquid winding note,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Along the banks of Teviot's stream.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet sounds! that oft have soothed to rest</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sorrows of my guileless breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And charmed away mine infant tears:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fond memory shall your strains repeat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like distant echoes, doubly sweet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That in the wild the traveller hears.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thus, the exiled Scotian maid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By fond alluring love betrayed</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To visit Syria's date-crowned shore;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In plaintive strains, that soothed despair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Did &quot;Bothwell's banks that bloom so fair,&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And scenes of early youth, deplore.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Soft syren! whose enchanting strain</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Floats wildly round my raptured brain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I bid your pleasing haunts adieu!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet, fabling fancy oft shall lead</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My footsteps to the silver Tweed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Through scenes that I no more must view.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_35">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>The Lass of Lochroyan</i>&mdash;In this volume.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_36">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> See the ballad, entitled, <i>Brown Adam.</i></p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_37">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> See the <i>Gay Goss Hawk.</i></p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Far in the green isle of the west.</i>&mdash;P. 103. v. 2.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The <i>Flathinnis</i>, or Celtic paradise.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Ah! sure, as Hind&uacute; legends tell.</i>&mdash;P. 104. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>The effect of music is explained by the Hind&uacute;s, as recalling to our
+memory the airs of paradise, heard in a state of pre-existence&mdash;<i>Vide</i>
+Sacontala.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Did &quot;Bathwell's banks that bloom so fair.&quot;</i>&mdash;P. 106. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>&quot;So fell it out of late years, that an English gentleman, travelling in
+Palestine, not far from Jerusalem, as he passed through a country town,
+he heard, by chance, a woman sitting at her door, dandling her child, to
+sing, <i>Bothwel bank thou blumest fair</i>. The gentleman hereat wondered,
+and forthwith, in English, saluted the woman, who joyfully answered him;
+and said, she was right glad there to see a gentleman of our isle: and
+told him, that she was a Scottish woman, and came first from Scotland to
+Venice, and from Venice thither, where her fortune was to be the wife of
+an officer under the Turk; who being at that instant absent, and very
+soon to return, she entreated the gentleman to stay there until his
+return. The which he did; and she, for country sake, to shew herself the
+more kind and bountiful unto him, told her husband, at his home-coming,
+that the gentleman was her kinsman; whereupon her husband entertained
+him very kindly; and, at his departure gave him divers things of good
+value.&quot;&mdash;<i>Verstigan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence.</i> Chap. <i>Of
+the Sirnames of our Antient Families.</i> Antwerp, 1605.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>INTRODUCTION TO THE TALE OF TAMLANE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>ON THE FAIRIES OF POPULAR SUPERSTITION.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;Of airy elves, by moon-light shadows seen,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The silver token, and the circled green.</i>&mdash;POPE.</span><br>
+
+<p>In a work, avowedly dedicated to the preservation of the poetry and
+tradition of the &quot;olden time,&quot; it would be unpardonable to omit this
+opportunity of making some observations upon so interesting an article
+of the popular creed, as that concerning the Elves, or Fairies. The
+general idea of spirits, of a limited power, and subordinate nature,
+dwelling among the woods and mountains, is, perhaps common to all
+nations. But the intermixture of tribes, of languages, and religion,
+which has occurred in Europe, renders it difficult to trace the origin
+of the names which have been bestowed upon such spirits, and the primary
+ideas which were entertained concerning their manners and habits.</p>
+
+<p>The word <i>elf</i>, which seems to have been the original name of the
+beings, afterwards denominated fairies, is of Gothic origin, and
+probably signified, simply, a spirit of a lower order. Thus, the Saxons
+had not only <i>dun-elfen, berg-elfen</i>,and <i>munt-elfen</i>, spirits of
+the downs, hills, and mountains; but also <i>feld-elfen, wudu-elfen,
+sae-elfen</i>, and <i>water-elfen</i>; spirits of the fields, of the woods,
+of the sea, and of the waters. In low German, the same latitude of
+expression occurs; for night hags are termed <i>aluinnen</i>, and <i>aluen</i>,
+which is sometimes Latinized <i>eluoe</i>. But the prototype of the English
+elf, is to be sought chiefly in the <i>berg-elfen</i>, or <i>duergar</i>, of the
+Scandinavians. From the most early of the Icelandic Sagas, as well as
+from the Edda itself, we learn the belief of the northern nations in
+a race of dwarfish spirits, inhabiting the rocky mountains, and
+approaching, in some respects, to the human nature. Their attributes,
+amongst which we recognize the features of the modern Fairy, were,
+supernatural wisdom and prescience, and skill in the mechanical arts,
+especially in the fabrication of arms. They are farther described, as
+capricious, vindictive, and easily irritated. The story of the elfin
+sword, <i>Tyrfing</i>, may be the most pleasing illustration of this
+position. Suafurlami, a Scandinavian monarch, returning from hunting,
+bewildered himself among the mountains. About sun-set, he beheld a large
+rock, and two dwarfs, sitting before the mouth of a cavern. The king
+drew his sword, and intercepted their retreat, by springing betwixt
+them and their recess, and imposed upon them the following condition of
+safety:&mdash;that they should make for him a faulchion, with a baldric and
+scabbard of pure gold, and a blade, which should divide stones and iron
+as a garment, and which should render the wielder ever victorious in
+battle. The elves complied with the requisition, and Suafurlami pursued
+his way home. Returning at the time appointed, the dwarfs delivered to
+him the famous sword <i>Tyrfing</i>; then, standing in the entrance of their
+cavern, spoke thus: &quot;This sword, O king, shall &quot;destroy a man every time
+it is brandished; but it shall &quot;perform three atrocious deeds, and it
+shall be thy bane.&quot; The king rushed forward with the charmed sword, and
+buried both its edges in the rock; but the dwarfs escaped into their
+recesses.<a name="FNanchor_A_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_38"><sup>[A]</sup></a> This enchanted sword emitted rays like the sun, dazzling
+all against whom it was brandished; it divided steel like water, and was
+never unsheathed without slaying a man&mdash;<i>Hervarar Saga,</i> p. 9. Similar
+to this was the enchanted sword, <i>Skoffhung</i>, which was taken by a
+pirate out of the tomb of a Norwegian monarch. Many such tales are
+narrated in the Sagas; but the most distinct account of the <i>-duergar</i>,
+or elves, and their attributes, is to be found in a preface of Torfaeus
+to the history of Hrolf Kraka, who cites a dissertation by Einar
+Gudmund, a learned native of Iceland. &quot;I am firmly of opinion,&quot; says the
+Icelander, &quot;that these beings are creatures of God, consisting, like
+human beings, of a body and rational soul; that they are of different
+sexes, and capable of producing children, and subject to all human
+affections, as sleeping and waking, laughing and crying, poverty and
+wealth; and that they possess cattle, and other effects, and are
+obnoxious to death, like other mortals.&quot; He proceeds to state, that the
+females of this race are capable of procreating with mankind; and gives
+an account of one who bore a child to an inhabitant of Iceland, for whom
+she claimed the privilege of baptism; depositing the infant, for that
+purpose, at the gate of the church-yard, together with a goblet of gold,
+as an offering.&mdash;<i>Historia Hrolfi Krakae, a</i> TORFAEO.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_38">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Perhaps in this, and similar tales, we may recognize
+something of real history. That the Fins, or ancient natives of
+Scandinavia, were driven into the mountains, by the invasion of Odin and
+his Asiatics, is sufficiently probable; and there is reason to believe,
+that the aboriginal inhabitants understood, better than the intruders,
+how to manufacture the produce of their own mines. It is therefore
+possible, that, in process of time, the oppressed Fins may have been
+transformed into the supernatural <i>duergar</i>. A similar transformation
+has taken place among the vulgar in Scotland, regarding the Picts, or
+Pechs, to whom they ascribe various supernatural attributes.</p></div>
+
+<p>Similar to the traditions of the Icelanders, are those current among the
+Laplanders of Finland, concerning a subterranean people, gifted with'
+supernatural qualities, and inhabiting the recesses of the earth.
+Resembling men in their general appearance, the manner of their
+existence, and their habits of life, they far excel the miserable
+Laplanders in perfection of nature, felicity of situation, and skill in
+mechanical arts. From all these advantages, however, after the partial
+conversion of the Laplanders, the subterranean people have derived no
+farther credit, than to be confounded with the devils and magicians of
+the dark ages of Christianity; a degradation which, as will shortly be
+demonstrated, has been also suffered by the harmless Fairies of Albion,
+and indeed by the whole host of deities of learned Greece and mighty
+Rome. The ancient opinions are yet so firmly rooted, that the Laps of
+Finland, at this day, boast of an intercourse with these beings, in
+banquets, dances, and magical ceremonies, and even in the more intimate
+commerce of gallantry. They talk, with triumph, of the feasts which
+they have shared in the elfin caverns, where wine and tobacco, the
+productions of the Fairy region, went round in abundance, and whence
+the mortal guest, after receiving the kindest treatment and the most
+salutary counsel, has been conducted to his tent by an escort of his
+supernatural entertainers.&mdash;<i>Jessens, de Lapponibus.</i></p>
+
+<p>The superstitions of the islands of Feroe, concerning their
+<i>Froddenskemen</i>, or under-ground people, are derived from the <i>duergar</i>
+of Scandinavia. These beings are supposed to inhabit the interior
+recesses of mountains, which they enter by invisible passages. Like the
+Fairies, they are supposed to steal human beings. &quot;It happened,&quot; says
+Debes, p. 354, &quot;a good while since, when the burghers of Bergen had
+the commerce of Feroe, that there was a man in Servaade, called Jonas
+Soideman, who was kept by spirits in a mountain, during the space of
+seven years, and at length came out; but lived afterwards in great
+distress and fear, lest they should again take him away; wherefore
+people were obliged to watch him in the night.&quot; The same author mentions
+another young man, who had been carried away, and, after his return, was
+removed a second time upon the eve of his marriage. He returned in a
+short time, and narrated, that the spirit that had carried him away, was
+in the shape of a most beautiful woman, who pressed him to forsake his
+bride, and remain with her; urging her own superior beauty, and splendid
+appearance. He added, that he saw the men who were employed to search
+for him, and heard them call; but that they could not see him, nor could
+he answer them, till, upon his determined refusal to listen to the
+spirit's persuasions, the spell ceased to operate. The kidney-shaped
+West Indian bean, which is sometimes driven upon the shore of the
+Feroes, is termed, by the natives &quot;the <i>Fairie's kidney</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In these traditions of the Gothic and Finnish tribes, we may recognize,
+with certainty, the rudiments of elfin superstition; but we must look to
+various other causes for the modifications which it has undergone. These
+are to be sought, 1st, in the traditions of the east; 2d, in the wreck
+and confusion of the Gothic mythology; 3d, in the tales of chivalry;
+4th, in the fables of classical antiquity; 5th, in the influence of the
+Christian religion; 6th, and finally, in the creative imagination of
+the sixteenth century. It may be proper to notice the effect of these
+various causes, before stating the popular belief of our own time,
+regarding the Fairies.</p>
+
+<p>I. To the traditions of the east, the Fairies of Britain owe, I think,
+little more than the appellation, by which they have been distinguished
+since the days of the crusade. The term &quot;Fairy,&quot; occurs not only
+in Chaucer, and in yet older English authors, but also, and more
+frequently, in the romance language; from which they seem to have
+adopted it. Ducange cites the following passage from Gul. Guiart, in
+<i>Historia Francica</i>, MS.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Plusiers parlent de Guenart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Du Lou, de L'Asne, de Renart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">De <i>Fa&euml;ries</i> et de Songes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">De phantosmes et de mensonges.</span><br>
+
+<p>The <i>Lay le Frain</i>,enumerating the subjects of the Breton Lays, informs
+us expressly,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Many ther beth <i>fa&euml;ry</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>By some etymologists of that learned class, who not only know whence
+words come, but also whither they are going, the term <i>Fairy</i>, or
+<i>Fa&euml;rie</i>, is derived from <i>Fa&euml;</i>, which is again derived from <i>Nympha</i>.
+It is more probable the term is of oriental origin, and is derived from
+the Persic, through the medium of the Arabic. In Persic, the term <i>Peri</i>
+expresses a species of imaginary being, which resembles the Fairy in
+some of its qualities, and is one of the fairest creatures of romantic
+fancy. This superstition must have been known to the Arabs, among whom
+the Persian tales, or romances, even as early as the time of Mahomet,
+were so popular, that it required the most terrible denunciations of
+that legislator to proscribe them. Now, in the enunciation of the Arabs,
+the term <i>Peri</i> would sound <i>Fairy</i>, the letter <i>p</i> not occurring in
+the alphabet of that nation; and, as the chief intercourse of the early
+crusaders was with the Arabs, or Saracens, it is probable they would
+adopt the term according to their pronounciation. Neither will it be
+considered as an objection to this opinion, that in Hesychius, the
+Ionian term <i>Phereas</i>, or <i>Pheres</i>, denotes the satyrs of classical
+antiquity, if the number of words of oriental origin in that
+lexicographer be recollected. Of the Persian Peris, Ouseley, in his
+<i>Persian Miscellanies</i>, has described some characteristic traits, with
+all the luxuriance of a fancy, impregnated with the oriental association
+of ideas. However vaguely their nature and appearance is described, they
+are uniformly represented as gentle, amiable females, to whose character
+beneficence and beauty are essential. None of them are mischievous or
+malignant; none of them are deformed or diminutive, like the Gothic
+fairy. Though they correspond in beauty with our ideas of angels, their
+employments are dissimilar; and, as they have no place in heaven, their
+abode is different. Neither do they resemble those intelligences, whom,
+on account of their wisdom, the Platonists denominated Daemons; nor
+do they correspond either to the guardian Genii of the Romans, or the
+celestial virgins of paradise, whom the Arabs denominate Houri. But the
+Peris hover in the balmy clouds, live in the colours of the rainbow,
+and, as the exquisite purity of their nature rejects all nourishment
+grosser than the odours of flowers, they subsist by inhaling the
+fragrance of the jessamine and rose. Though their existence is not
+commensurate with the bounds of human life, they are not exempted from
+the common fate of mortals.&mdash;With the Peris, in Persian mythology, are
+contrasted the Dives, a race of beings, who differ from them in sex,
+appearance, and disposition. These are represented as of the male sex,
+cruel, wicked, and of the most hideous aspect; or, as they are described
+by Mr Finch, &quot;with ugly shapes, long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair,
+great fangs, ugly paws, long tails, with such horrible difformity and
+deformity, that I wonder the poor women are not frightened therewith.&quot;
+Though they live very long, their lives are limited, and they are
+obnoxious to the blows of a human foe. From the malignancy of their
+nature, they not only wage war with mankind, but persecute the Peris
+with unremitting ferocity. Such are the brilliant and fanciful colours
+in which the imaginations of the Persian poets have depicted the
+charming race of the Peris; and, if we consider the romantic gallantry
+of the knights of chivalry, and of the crusaders, it will not appear
+improbable, that their charms might occasionally fascinate the fervid
+imagination of an amorous troubadour. But, further; the intercourse of
+France and Italy with the Moors of Spain, and the prevalence of the
+Arabic, as the language of science in the dark ages, facilitated the
+introduction of their mythology amongst the nations of the west. Hence,
+the romances of France, of Spain, and of Italy, unite in describing the
+Fairy as an inferior spirit, in a beautiful female form, possessing many
+of the amiable qualities of the eastern Peri. Nay, it seems sufficiently
+clear, that the romancers borrowed from the Arabs, not merely the
+general idea concerning those spirits, but even the names of individuals
+amongst them. The Peri, <i>Mergian Banou</i> (see <i>Herbelot, ap. Peri</i>),
+celebrated in the ancient Persian poetry, figures in the European
+romances, under the various names of <i>Mourgue La Faye</i>, sister to <i>King
+Arthur; Urgande La Deconnue</i>, protectress of <i>Amadis de Gaul</i>; and the
+<i>Fata Morgana</i> of Boiardo and Ariosto. The description of these nymphs,
+by the troubadours and minstrels, is in no respect inferior to those of
+the Peris. In the tale of <i>Sir Launfal</i>, in Way's <i>Fabliaux</i>, as well as
+in that of <i>Sir Gruelan</i>, in the same interesting collection, the reader
+will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the
+splendour of eastern description. The fairy <i>Melusina</i>, also, who
+married Guy de Lusignan, count of Poictou, under condition that he
+should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter
+class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a
+magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted,
+until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by
+concealing himself, to behold his wife make use of her enchanted
+bath. Hardly had <i>Melusina</i> discovered the indiscreet intruder, than,
+transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of
+lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even
+in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her
+descendants, and was heard wailing, as she sailed upon the blast
+round the turrets of the castle of Lusiguan, the night before it was
+demolished. For the full story, the reader may consult the <i>Bibliotheque
+des Romans</i>.<a name="FNanchor_A_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_39"><sup>[A]</sup></a>&mdash;Gervase of Tilbury (pp. 895, and 989), assures us,
+that, in his days, the lovers of the Fadae, or Fairies, were numerous;
+and describes the rules of their intercourse with as much accuracy, as
+if he had himself been engaged in such an affair. Sir David Lindsay also
+informs us, that a leopard is the proper armorial bearing of those
+who spring from such intercourse, because that beast is generated by
+adultery of the pard and lioness. He adds, that Merlin, the prophet, was
+the first who adopted this cognizance, because he was &quot;borne of faarie
+in adultre, and right sua the first duk of Guyenne, was borne of a
+<i>fee</i>; and, therefoir, the armes of Guyenne are a leopard.&quot;&mdash;<i>MS. on
+Heraldry, Advocates' Library,</i> w. 4. 13. While, however, the Fairy of
+warmer climes was thus held up as an object of desire and of affection,
+those of Britain, and more especially those of Scotland, were far
+from being so fortunate; but, retaining the unamiable qualities, and
+diminutive size of the Gothic elves, they only exchanged that term for
+the more popular appellation of Fairies.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_39">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Upon this, or some similar tradition, was founded the
+notion, which the inveteracy of national prejudice, so easily diffused
+in Scotland, that the ancestor of the English monarchs, Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, had actually married a daemon. Bowmaker, in order to
+explain the cruelty and ambition of Edward I., dedicates a chapter to
+shew &quot;how the kings of England are descended from the devil, by the
+mother's side.&quot;&mdash;<i>Fordun, Chron.</i> lib. 9, cap. 6. The lord of a certain
+castle, called Espervel, was unfortunate enough to have a wife of the
+same class. Having observed, for several years, that she always left the
+chapel before the mass was concluded, the baron, in a fit of obstinacy
+or curiosity, ordered his guard to detain her by force; of which the
+consequence was, that, unable to support the elevation of the host, she
+retreated through the air, carrying with her one side of the chapel, and
+several of the congregation.</p></div>
+
+<p>II. Indeed, so singularly unlucky were the British Fairies that, as has
+already been hinted, amid the wreck of the Gothic mythology, consequent
+upon the introduction of Christianity, they seem to have preserved, with
+difficulty, their own distinct characteristics, while, at the same time,
+they engrossed the mischievous attributes of several other classes of
+subordinate spirits, acknowledged by the nations of the north. The
+abstraction of children, for example, the well known practice of the
+modern Fairy, seems, by the ancient Gothic nations, to have rather been
+ascribed to a species of night-mare, or hag, than to the <i>berg-elfen</i>,
+or <i>duergar</i>. In the ancient legend of <i>St Margaret</i>, of which there is
+a Saxo-Norman copy, in <i>Hickes' Thesaurus Linguar. Septen.</i> and one,
+more modern, in the Auchinleck MSS., that lady encounters a fiend, whose
+profession it was, among other malicious tricks, to injure new-born
+children and their mothers; a practice afterwards imputed to the
+Fairies. Gervase of Tilbury, in the <i>Otia Imperialia</i>, mentions certain
+hags, or <i>Lamiae</i>, who entered into houses in the night-time, to oppress
+the inhabitants, while asleep, injure their persons and property, and
+carry off their children. He likewise mentions the <i>Dracae</i>, a sort of
+water spirits, who inveigle women and children into the recesses which
+they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating past them, on the
+surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings, or cups. The women,
+thus seized, are employed as nurses, and, after seven years, are
+permitted to revisit earth. Gervase mentions one woman, in particular,
+who had been allured by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float by her,
+while washing clothes in a river. Being seized as soon as she reached
+the depths, she was conducted into one of these subterranean recesses,
+which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse to one of
+the brood of the hag who had allured her. During her residence in this
+capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an ointment
+of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world, that she
+had acquired the faculty of seeing the <i>dracae</i>, when they intermingle
+themselves with men. Of this power she was, however, deprived by the
+touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she had one day incautiously
+addressed. It is a curious fact, that this story, in almost all its
+parts, is current in both the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland, with
+no other variation than the substitution of Fairies for <i>dracae</i>, and
+the cavern of a hill for that of a river.<a name="FNanchor_A_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_40"><sup>[A]</sup></a> These water fiends are thus
+characterized by Heywood, in the <i>Hierarchie</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Spirits, that have o'er water gouvernement,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are to mankind alike malevolent;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They trouble seas, flouds, rivers, brookes, and wels,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Meres, lakes, and love to enhabit watry cells;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hence noisome and pestiferous vapours raise;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Besides, they men encounter divers ways.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At wreckes some present are; another sort,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ready to cramp their joints that swim for sport:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">One kind of these, the Italians <i>fatae</i> name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Fee</i> the French, we <i>sybils</i>, and the same;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Others <i>white nymphs</i>, and those that have them seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Night ladies</i> some, of which Habundia queen.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,</i> p. 507.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_40">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Indeed, many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous
+to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without <i>saining</i>
+(blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well
+attested. A poor woman of Tiviotdale, having been fortunate enough, as
+she thought herself, to find a wooden beetle, at the very time when
+she needed such an implement, seized it without pronouncing the proper
+blessing, and, carrying it home, laid it above her bed, to be ready
+for employment in the morning. At midnight, the window of her cottage
+opened, and a loud voice was heard, calling upon some one within, by a
+strange and uncouth name, which I have forgotten. The terrified cottager
+ejaculated a prayer, which, we may suppose, insured her personal
+safety; while the enchanted implement of housewifery, tumbling from the
+bed-stead, departed by the window with no small noise and precipitation.
+In a humorous fugitive tract, the late Dr Johnson is introduced as
+disputing the authenticity of an apparition, merely because the spirit
+assumed the shape of a tea-pot, and of a shoulder of mutton. No doubt,
+a case so much in point, as that we have now quoted, would have removed
+his incredulity.</p></div>
+
+<p>The following Frisian superstition, related by Schott, in his <i>Physica
+Curiosa</i>, p. 362, on the authority of Cornelius a Kempen, coincides more
+accurately with the popular opinions concerning the Fairies, than even
+the <i>dracae</i> of Gervase, or the water-spirits of Thomas Heywood.&mdash;&quot;In
+the time of the emperor Lotharius, in 830,&quot; says he, &quot;many spectres
+infested Frieseland, particularly the white nymphs of the ancients,
+which the moderns denominate <i>witte wiven</i>, who inhabited a
+subterraneous cavern, formed in a wonderful manner, without human art,
+on the top of a lofty mountain. These were accustomed to surprise
+benighted travellers, shepherds watching their herds and flocks, and
+women newly delivered, with their children; and convey them into their
+caverns, from which subterranean murmurs, the cries of children, the
+groans and lamentations of men, and sometimes imperfect words, and all
+kinds of musical sounds, were heard to proceed.&quot; The same superstition
+is detailed by Bekker, in his <i>World Bewitch'd</i>, p. 196, of the English
+translation. As the different classes of spirits were gradually
+confounded, the abstraction of children seems to have been chiefly
+ascribed to the elves, or Fairies; yet not so entirely, as to exclude
+hags and witches from the occasional exertion of their ancient
+privilege.&mdash;In Germany, the same confusion of classes has not taken
+place. In the beautiful ballads of the <i>Erl King</i>, the <i>Water King</i>, and
+the <i>Mer-Maid</i>, we still recognize the ancient traditions of the Goths,
+concerning the <i>wald-elven</i>, and the <i>dracae</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A similar superstition, concerning abstraction by daemons, seems, in
+the time of Gervase of Tilbury, to have pervaded the greatest part of
+Europe. &quot;In Catalonia,&quot; says that author, &quot;there is a lofty mountain,
+named Cavagum, at the foot of which runs a river with golden sands, in
+the vicinity of which there are likewise mines of silver. This mountain
+is steep, and almost inaccessible. On its top, which is always covered
+with ice and snow, is a black and bottomless lake, into which if a
+stone be thrown, a tempest suddenly rises; and near this lake, though
+invisible to men, is the porch of the palace of daemons. In a town
+adjacent to this mountain, named Junchera, lived one Peter de Cabinam.
+Being one day teazed with the fretfulness of his young daughter, he, in
+his impatience, suddenly wished that the devil might take her; when she
+was immediately borne away by the spirits. About seven years afterwards,
+an inhabitant of the same city, passing by the mountain, met a man, who
+complained bitterly of the burthen he was constantly forced to bear.
+Upon enquiring the cause of his complaining, as he did not seem to carry
+any load, the man related, that he had been unwarily devoted to the
+spirits by an execration, and that they now employed him constantly as
+a vehicle of burthen. As a proof of his assertion, he added, that the
+daughter of his fellow-citizen was detained by the spirits, but that
+they were willing to restore her, if her father would come and demand
+her on the mountain. Peter de Cabinam, on being informed of this,
+ascended the mountain to the lake, and, in the name of God, demanded his
+daughter; when, a tall, thin, withered figure, with wandering eyes, and
+almost bereft of understanding, was wafted to him in a blast of wind.
+After some time, the person, who had been employed as the vehicle of the
+spirits, also returned, when he related where the palace of the spirits
+was situated; but added, that none were permitted to enter but those who
+devoted themselves entirely to the spirits; those, who had been rashly
+committed to the devil by others, being only permitted, during their
+probation, to enter the porch.&quot; It may be proper to observe, that the
+superstitious idea, concerning the lake on the top of the mountain, is
+common to almost every high hill in Scotland. Wells, or pits, on the
+top of high hills, were likewise supposed to lead to the subterranean
+habitations of the Fairies. Thus, Gervase relates, (p. 975), &quot;that he
+was informed the swine-herd of William Peverell, an English baron,
+having lost a brood-sow, descended through a deep abyss, in the middle
+of an ancient ruinous castle, situated on the top of a hill, called
+Bech, in search of it. Though a violent wind commonly issued from
+this pit, he found it calm; and pursued his way, till he arrived at a
+subterraneous region, pleasant and cultivated, with reapers cutting down
+corn, though the snow remained on the surface of the ground above. Among
+the ears of corn he discovered his sow, and was permitted to ascend with
+her, and the pigs which she had farrowed.&quot; Though the author seems to
+think that the inhabitants of this cave might be Antipodes, yet, as
+many such stories are related of the Fairies, it is probable that this
+narration is of the same kind. Of a similar nature seems to be another
+superstition, mentioned by the same author, concerning the ringing of
+invisible bells, at the hour of one, in a field in the vicinity of
+Carleol, which, as he relates, was denominated <i>Laikibraine</i>, or <i>Lai ki
+brait</i>. From all these tales, we may perhaps be justified in supposing,
+that the faculties and habits ascribed to the Fairies, by the
+superstition of latter days, comprehended several, originally attributed
+to other classes of inferior spirits.</p>
+
+<p>III. The notions, arising from the spirit of chivalry, combined to add
+to the Fairies certain qualities, less atrocious, indeed, but equally
+formidable, with those which they derived from the last mentioned
+source, and alike inconsistent with the powers of the <i>duergar</i>, whom
+we may term their primitive prototype. From an early period, the daring
+temper of the northern tribes urged them to defy even the supernatural
+powers. In the days of Caesar, the Suevi were described, by their
+countrymen, as a people, with whom the immortal gods dared not venture
+to contend. At a later period, the historians of Scandinavia paint their
+heroes and champions, not as bending at the altar of their deities, but
+wandering into remote forests and caverns, descending into the recesses
+of the tomb, and extorting boons, alike from gods and daemons, by dint
+of the sword, and battle-axe. I will not detain the reader by quoting
+instances, in which heaven is thus described as having been literally
+attempted by storm. He may consult Saxo, Olaus Wormius, Olaus Magnus,
+Torfaeus, Bartholin, and other northern antiquaries. With such ideas of
+superior beings, the Normans, Saxons, and other Gothic tribes, brought
+their ardent courage to ferment yet more highly in the genial climes of
+the south, and under the blaze of romantic chivalry. Hence, during the
+dark ages, the invisible world was modelled after the material; and the
+saints, to the protection of whom the knights-errant were accustomed to
+recommend themselves, were accoutered like <i>preux chevaliers</i>, by the
+ardent imaginations of their votaries. With such ideas concerning the
+inhabitants of the celestial regions, we ought not to be surprised to
+find the inferior spirits, of a more dubious nature and origin, equipped
+in the same disguise. Gervase of Tilbury (<i>Otia Imperial, ap. Script,
+rer. Brunsvic,</i> Vol. I. p. 797.) relates the following popular story
+concerning a Fairy Knight. &quot;Osbert, a bold and powerful baron, visited
+a noble family in the vicinity of Wandlebury, in the bishopric of Ely.
+Among other stories related in the social circle of his friends, who,
+according to custom, amused each other by repeating ancient tales and
+traditions, he was informed, that if any knight, unattended, entered an
+adjacent plain by moon-light, and challenged an adversary to appear, he
+would be immediately encountered by a spirit in the form of a knight.
+Osbert resolved to make the experiment, and set out, attended by a
+single squire, whom he ordered to remain without the limits of the
+plain, which was surrounded by an ancient entrenchment. On repeating the
+challenge, he was instantly assailed by an adversary, whom he quickly
+unhorsed, and seized the reins of his steed. During this operation, his
+ghostly opponent sprung up, and, darting his spear, like a javelin, at
+Osbert, wounded him in the thigh. Osbert returned in triumph with the
+horse, which he committed to the care of his servants. The horse was of
+a sable colour, as well as his whole accoutrements, and apparently of
+great beauty and vigour. He remained with his keeper till cock-crowing,
+when, with eyes flashing fire, he reared, spurned the ground, and
+vanished. On disarming himself, Osbert perceived that he was wounded,
+and that one of his steel boots was full of blood. Gervase adds,
+that, as long as he lived, the scar of his wound opened afresh on the
+anniversary of the eve on which he encountered the spirit.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_41"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Less
+fortunate was the gallant Bohemian knight, who, travelling by night,
+with a single companion, came in sight of a fairy host, arrayed under
+displayed banners. Despising the remonstrances of his friend, the knight
+pricked forward to break a lance with a champion who advanced from
+the ranks, apparently in defiance. His companion beheld the Bohemian
+over-thrown horse and man, by his a&euml;rial adversary; and, returning to
+the spot next morning, he found the mangled, corpse of the knight and
+steed.&mdash;<i>Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,</i> p. 554.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_41">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The unfortunate Chatterton was not, probably, acquainted
+with Gervase of Tilbury; yet he seems to allude, in the <i>Battle of
+Hastings</i>, to some modification of Sir Osbert's adventure:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So who they be that ouphant fairies strike,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their souls shall wander to King Offa's dike.</span><br>
+</p><p>
+The entrenchment, which served as lists for the combatants, is said by
+Gervase to have been the work of the pagan invaders of Britain. In the
+metrical romance of <i>Arthour and Merlin</i>, we have also an account of
+Wandlesbury being occupied by the Sarasins, i.e. the Saxons; for all
+pagans were Saracens with the romancers. I presume the place to have
+been Wodnesbury, in Wiltshire, situated on the remarkable mound,
+called Wansdike, which is obviously a Saxon work.&mdash;GOUGH'S <i>Cambden's
+Britannia,</i> pp. 87&mdash;95.</p></div>
+
+<p>To the same current of warlike ideas, we may safely attribute the
+long train of military processions which the Fairies are supposed
+occasionally to exhibit. The elves, indeed, seem in this point to be
+identified with the a&euml;rial host, termed, during the middle ages, the
+<i>Milites Herlikini</i>, or <i>Herleurini</i>, celebrated by Pet. Blesensis,
+and termed, in the life of St Thomas of Canterbury, the <i>Familia
+Helliquinii</i>. The chief of this band was originally a gallant knight and
+warrior; but, having spent his whole possessions in the service of the
+emperor, and being rewarded with scorn, and abandoned to subordinate
+oppression, he became desperate, and, with his sons and followers,
+formed a band of robbers. After committing many ravages, and defeating
+all the forces sent against him, Hellequin, with his whole troop, fell
+in a bloody engagement with the Imperial host. His former good life was
+supposed to save him from utter reprobation; but he and his followers
+were condemned, after death, to a state of wandering, which should
+endure till the last day. Retaining their military habits, they were
+usually seen in the act of justing together, or in similar warlike
+employments. See the ancient French romance of <i>Richard sans Peur</i>.
+Similar to this was the <i>Nacht Lager</i>, or midnight camp, which seemed
+nightly to beleaguer the walls of Prague,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;With ghastly faces thronged, and fiery arms,&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>but which disappeared upon recitation of the magical words, <i>Vezel&eacute;,
+Vezel&eacute;, ho! ho! ho!</i>&mdash;For similar delusions, see DELRIUS, pp. 294, 295.</p>
+
+<p>The martial spirit of our ancestors led them to defy these a&euml;rial
+warriors; and it is still currently believed, that he, who has courage
+to rush upon a fairy festival, and snatch from them their drinking cup,
+or horn, shall find it prove to him a cornucopia of good fortune, if he
+can bear it in safety across a running stream. Such a horn is said to
+have been presented to Henry I. by a lord of Colchester.&mdash;GERVAS TILB.
+p. 980. A goblet is still carefully preserved in Edenhall, Cumberland,
+which is supposed to have been seized at a banquet of the elves, by one
+of the ancient family of Musgrave; or, as others say, by one of their
+domestics, in the manner above described. The Fairy train vanished,
+crying aloud,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If this glass do break or fall,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Farewell the luck of Edenhall!</span><br>
+
+<p>The goblet took a name from the prophecy, under which it is mentioned,
+in the burlesque ballad, commonly attributed to the duke of Wharton, but
+in reality composed by Lloyd, one of his jovial companions. The duke,
+after taking a draught, had nearly terminated the &quot;luck of Edenhall,&quot;
+had not the butler caught the cup in a napkin, as it dropped from his
+grace's hands. I understand it is not now subjected to such risques, but
+the lees of wine are still apparent at the bottom.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">God prosper long, from being broke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The luck of Edenhall.&mdash;<i>Parody on Chevy Chace.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>Some faint traces yet remain, on the borders, of a conflict of a
+mysterious and terrible nature, between mortals and the spirits of the
+wilds. This superstition is incidentally alluded to by Jackson, at the
+beginning of the 17th century. The fern seed, which is supposed to
+become visible only on St John's Eve,<a name="FNanchor_A_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_42"><sup>[A]</sup></a> and at the very moment when
+the Baptist was born, is held by the vulgar to be under the special
+protection of the queen of Fa&euml;ry. But, as the seed was supposed to have
+the quality of rendering the possessor invisible at pleasure,<a name="FNanchor_B_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_43"><sup>[B]</sup></a> and to
+be also of sovereign use in charms and incantations, persons of courage,
+addicted to these mysterious arts, were wont to watch in solitude, to
+gather it at the moment when it should become visible. The particular
+charms, by which they fenced themselves during this vigil, are now
+unknown; but it was reckoned a feat of no small danger, as the person
+undertaking it was exposed to the most dreadful assaults from spirits,
+who dreaded the effect of this powerful herb in the hands of a cabalist.
+Such were the shades, which the original superstition, concerning the.
+Fairies, received from the chivalrous sentiments of the middle ages.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_42">[A]</a><div class="note">
+<p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ne'er be I found by thee unawed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On that thrice hallowed eve abroad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When goblins haunt, from fire and fen.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wood and lake, the steps of men.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">COLLINS'S <i>Ode to Fear.</i></span><br>
+</p><p>
+The whole history of St John the Baptist was, by our ancestors,
+accounted mysterious, and connected with their own superstitions.
+The fairy queen was sometimes identified with Herodias.&mdash;DELRII
+<i>Disquisitiones Magicae,</i> pp. 168. 807. It is amusing to observe with
+what gravity the learned Jesuit contends, that it is heresy to believe
+that this celebrated figurante (<i>saltatricula</i>) still leads choral
+dances upon earth!</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_43">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> This is alluded to by Shakespeare, and other authors of his
+time:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We have the receipt of <i>fern-seed</i>; we walk invisible.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Henry IV. Part 1st, Act 2d, Sc. 3</i>.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>IV. An absurd belief in the fables of classical antiquity lent an
+additional feature to the character of the woodland spirits of whom we
+treat. Greece and Rome had not only assigned tutelary deities to each
+province and city, but had peopled, with peculiar spirits, the Seas, the
+Rivers, the Woods, and the Mountains. The memory of the pagan creed was
+not speedily eradicated, in the extensive provinces through which it was
+once universally received; and, in many particulars, it continued long
+to mingle with, and influence, the original superstitions of the Gothic
+nations. Hence, we find the elves occasionally arrayed in the costume of
+Greece and Rome, and the Fairy Queen and her attendants transformed into
+Diana and her nymphs, and invested with their attributes and appropriate
+insignia.&mdash;DELRIUS, pp. 168, 807. According to the same author, the
+Fairy Queen was also called <i>Habundia</i>. Like Diana, who, in one
+capacity, was denominated <i>Hecate</i>, the goddess of enchantment, the
+Fairy Queen is identified in popular tradition, with the <i>Gyre-Carline,
+Gay Carline</i>, or mother witch, of the Scottish peasantry. Of this
+personage, as an individual, we have but few notices. She is sometimes
+termed <i>Nicneven</i>,and is mentioned in the <i>Complaynt of Scotland</i>, by
+Lindsay in his <i>Dreme</i>, p. 225, edit. 1590, and in his <i>Interludes</i>,
+apud PINKERTON'S <i>Scottish Poems</i>, Vol. II. p. 18. But the traditionary
+accounts regarding her are too obscure to admit of explanation. In the
+burlesque fragment subjoined, which is copied from the Bannatyne MS. the
+Gyre Carline is termed the <i>Queen of Jowis</i> (Jovis, or perhaps Jews),
+and is, with great consistency, married to Mohammed.<a name="FNanchor_A_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_44"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_44">[A]</a><div class="note">
+<p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Tyberius tyme, the trew imperatour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quhen Tynto hills fra skraipiug of toun-henis was keipit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thair dwelt are grit Gyre Carling in awld Betokis bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That levit upoun Christiane menis flesche, and rewheids unleipit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thair wynit ane hir by, on the west syde, callit Blasour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For luve of hir lanchane lippis, he walit and he weipit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He gadderit are menzie of modwartis to warp doun the tour:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Carling with are yren club, quhen yat Blasour sleipit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Behind the heil scho hat him sic ane blaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Quhil Blasour bled ane quart</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Off milk pottage inwart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The Carling luche, and lut fart</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">North Berwik Law.</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king of fary than come, with elfis many ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sett are sege, and are salt, with grit pensallis of pryd;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And all the doggis fra Dunbar wes thair to Dumblane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With all the tykis of Tervey, come to thame that tyd;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thay quelle doune with thair gonnes mony grit stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Carling schup hir on ane sow, and is her gaitis gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grunting our the Greik sie, and durst na langer byd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For bruklyng of bargane, and breikhig of browis:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The Carling now for dispyte</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Is maieit with Mahomyte,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And will the doggis interdyte,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">For scho is queue of Jowis.</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sensyne the cockis of Crawmound crew nevir at day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For dule of that devillisch deme wes with Mahoun mareit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the henis of Hadingtoun sensyne wald not lay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For this wild wibroun wich thame widlit sa and wareit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the same North Berwik Law, as I heir wyvis say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This Carling, with a fals east, wald away careit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For to luck on quha sa lykis, na langer scho tareit:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All this languor for love before tymes fell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Lang or Betok was born,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Scho bred of ane accorne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The laif of the story to morne,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">To you I sall telle.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>But chiefly in Italy were traced many dim characters of ancient
+mythology, in the creed of tradition. Thus, so lately as 1536, Vulcan,
+with twenty of his Cyclops, is stated to have presented himself suddenly
+to a Spanish merchant, travelling in the night, through the forests of
+Sicily; an apparition, which was followed by a dreadful eruption of
+Mount Aetna.&mdash;<i>Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,</i> p. 504 Of this
+singular mixture, the reader will find a curious specimen in the
+following tale, wherein the Venus of antiquity assumes the manners of
+one of the Fays, or Fatae, of romance. &quot;In the year 1058, a young man
+of noble birth had been married at Rome, and, during the period of his
+nuptial feast, having gone with his companions to play at ball, he put
+his marriage ring on the finger of a broken statue of Venus in the area,
+to remain, while he was engaged in the recreation. Desisting from the
+exercise, he found the finger, on which he had put his ring, contracted
+firmly against the palm, and attempted in vain either to break it, or to
+disengage his ring. He concealed the circumstance from his companions,
+and returned at night with a servant, when he found the finger extended,
+and his ring gone. He dissembled the loss, and returned to his wife;
+but, whenever he attempted to embrace her, he found himself prevented
+by something dark and dense, which was tangible, though not visible,
+interposing between them; and he heard a voice saying, 'Embrace me! for
+I am Venus, whom this day you wedded, and I will not restore your ring.'
+As this was constantly repeated, he consulted his relations, who had
+recourse to Palumbus, a priest, skilled in necromancy. He directed the
+young man to go, at a certain hour of night, to a spot among the ruins
+of ancient Rome, where four roads met, and wait silently till he saw a
+company pass by, and then, without uttering a word, to deliver a letter,
+which he gave him, to a majestic being, who rode in a chariot, after the
+rest of the company. The young man did as he was directed; and saw a
+company of all ages, sexes, and ranks, on horse and on foot, some joyful
+and others sad, pass along; among whom he distinguished a woman in a
+meretricious dress, who, from the tenuity of her garments, seemed
+almost naked. She rode on a mule; her long hair, which flowed over her
+shoulders, was bound with a golden fillet; and in her hand was a golden
+rod, with which she directed her mule. In the close of the procession,
+a tall majestic figure appeared in a chariot, adorned with emeralds
+and pearls, who fiercely asked the young man, 'What he did there?' He
+presented the letter in silence, which the daemon dared not refuse.
+As soon as he had read, lifting up his hands to heaven, he exclaimed,
+'Almighty God! how long wilt thou endure the iniquities of the sorcerer
+Palumbus!' and immediately dispatched some of his attendants, who, with
+much difficulty, extorted the ring from Venus, and restored it to
+its owner, whose infernal banns were thus dissolved.&quot;&mdash;FORDUNI
+<i>Scotichronicon,</i> Vol. I. p. 407, <i>cura</i> GOODALL.</p>
+
+<p>But it is rather in the classical character of an infernal deity, that
+the elfin queen may be considered, than as <i>Hecate</i>, the patroness of
+magic; for not only in the romance writers, but even in Chaucer, are the
+Fairies identified with the ancient inhabitants of the classical hell.
+Thus Chaucer, in his <i>Marchand's Tale</i>, mentions</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pluto that is king of fayrie&mdash;and</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Proserpine and all her fayrie.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the <i>Golden Terge</i> of Dunbar, the same phraseology is adopted: Thus,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thair was Pluto that elricke incubus</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In cloke of grene, his court usit in sable.</span><br>
+
+<p>Even so late as 1602, in Harsenet's <i>Declaration of Popish Imposture,</i>
+p. 57, Mercury is called <i>Prince of the Fairies.</i></p>
+
+<p>But Chaucer, and those poets who have adopted his phraseology, have only
+followed the romance writers; for the same substitution occurs in the
+romance of <i>Orfeo and Heurodis</i>, in which the story of Orpheus and
+Eurydice is transformed into a beautiful romantic tale of fa&euml;ry, and
+the Gothic mythology engrafted on the fables of Greece. <i>Heurodis</i> is
+represented as wife of <i>Orfeo</i>, and queen of Winchester, the ancient
+name of which city the romancer, with unparalleled ingenuity, discovers
+to have been Traciens, or Thrace. The monarch, her husband, had a
+singular genealogy:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His fader was comen of King Pluto,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his moder of King Juno;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That sum time were as godes y-holde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For aventours that thai dede and tolde.</span><br>
+
+<p>Reposing, unwarily, at noon, under the shade of an ymp tree,<a name="FNanchor_A_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_45"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+<i>Heurodis</i> dreams that she is accosted by the King of Fairies,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With an hundred knights and mo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And damisels an hundred also,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al on snowe white stedes;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As white as milke were her wedes;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Y no seigh never yete bifore,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So fair creatours y-core:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The kinge hadde a croun on hed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It nas of silver, no of golde red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac it was of a precious ston:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As bright as the sonne it schon.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_45">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Ymp tree</i>&mdash;According to the general acceptation, this only
+signifies a grafted tree; whether it should he here understood to mean a
+tree consecrated to the imps, or fairies, is left with the reader.</p></div>
+
+<p>The King of Fairies, who had obtained power over the queen, perhaps from
+her sleeping at noon in his domain, orders her, under the penalty of
+being torn to pieces, to await him to-morrow under the ymp tree, and
+accompany him to Fairy-Land. She relates her dream to her husband, who
+resolves to accompany her, and attempt her rescue:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A morwe the under tide is come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Orfeo hath his armes y-nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wele ten hundred knights with him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich y-armed stout and grim;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And with the quen wenten he,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Right upon that ympe tre.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thai made scheltrom in iche aside,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sayd thai wold there abide,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And dye ther everichon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Er the qeun schuld fram hem gon:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac yete amiddes hem ful right,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The quen was oway y-twight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With Fairi forth y-nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Men wizt never wher sche was become.</span><br>
+
+<p>After this fatal catastrophe, <i>Orfeo</i>, distracted for the loss of
+his queen, abandons his throne, and, with his harp, retires into a
+wilderness, where he subjects himself to every kind of austerity, and
+attracts the wild beasts by the pathetic melody of his harp. His state
+of desolation is poetically described:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that werd the fowe and griis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on bed the purpur biis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now on bard hethe he lith.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With leves and gresse he him writh:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that had castells and tours,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rivers, forests, frith with flowrs.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now thei it commence to snewe and freze,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This king mot make his bed in mese:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that had y-had knightes of priis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bifore him kneland and leuedis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now seth he no thing that him liketh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot wild wormes bi him striketh:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that had y-had plente</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of mete and drinke, of ich deynte,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now may he al daye digge and wrote,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Er he find his fille of rote.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In sorner he liveth bi wild fruit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And verien hot gode lite.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In winter may he no thing find,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot rotes, grases, and the rinde.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His here of his herd blac and rowe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To his girdel stede was growe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His harp, whereon was al his gle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He hidde in are holwe tre:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, when the weder was clere and bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He toke his harpe to him wel right,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And harped at his owen will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Into al the wode the soun gan shill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That al the wild bestes that ther beth</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For joie abouten him thai teth;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And al the foules that ther wer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come and sete on ich a brere,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To here his harping a fine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So miche melody was therein.</span><br>
+
+<p>At last he discovers, that he is not the sole inhabitant of this desart;
+for</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He might se him besides</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oft in hot undertides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king of Fairi, with his route,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come to hunt him al about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With dim cri and bloweing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And houndes also with him berking;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac no best thai no nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No never he nist whider thai bi come.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And other while he might hem se</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As a gret ost bi him te,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Well atourued ten hundred knightes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich y-armed to his rightes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of cuntenance stout and fers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With mani desplaid baners;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ich his sword y-drawe hold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac never he nist whider thai wold.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And otherwhile he seighe other thing;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Knightis and lenedis com daunceing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In queynt atire gisely,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Queyete pas and softlie:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tabours and trumpes gede hem bi,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And al mauer menstraci.&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on a day he seighe him biside,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sexti leuedis on hors ride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gentil and jolif as brid on ris;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nought o man amonges hem ther nis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ich a faucoun on bond bere,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And riden on hauken bi o river.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of game thai found wel gode haunt,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maulardes, hayroun, and cormoraunt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The foules of the water ariseth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich faucoun hem wele deviseth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich fancoun his pray slough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That seize Orfeo and lough.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Par fay,&quot; quoth he, &quot;there is fair game,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hider Ichil bi Godes name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ich was y won swich work to se:&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He aros, and thider gan te;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To a leuedie hi was y-come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bihelde, and hath wel under nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seth, bi al thing, that is</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His owen quen, dam Heurodis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gern hi biheld her, and sche him eke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac nouther to other a word no speke:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For messais that sche on him seighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That had ben so riche and so heighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The teres fel out of her eighe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The other leuedis this y seighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And maked hir oway to ride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sche most with him no longer obide.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Allas!&quot; quoth he, &quot;nowe is mi woe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Whi nil deth now me slo;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Allas! to long last mi liif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When y no dare nought with mi wif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor hye to me o word speke;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Allas whi nil miin hert breke!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Par fay,&quot; quoth he, &quot;tide what betide,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Whider so this leuedis ride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The selve way Ichil streche;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of liif, no dethe, me no reche.</span><br>
+
+<p>In consequence, therefore, of this discovery <i>Orfeo</i> pursues the hawking
+damsels, among whom he has descried his lost queen. They enter a rock,
+the king continues the pursuit, and arrives at Fairy-Land, of which the
+following very poetical description is given:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In at roche the leuedis rideth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he after and nought abideth;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he was in the roche y-go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wele thre mile other mo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He com into a fair cuntray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As bright soonne somers day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Smothe and plain and al grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hill no dale nas none ysene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amiddle the loud a castel he seighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rich and reale and wonder heighe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al the utmast wal</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was cler and schine of cristal;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An hundred tours ther were about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Degiselich and bataild stout;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The butrass come out of the diche,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of rede gold y-arched riche;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The bousour was anowed al,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of ich maner deuers animal;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Within ther wer wide wones</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al of precious stones,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The werss piler onto biholde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was al of burnist gold:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al that loud was ever light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For when it schuld be therk and night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The riche stonnes light gonne,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bright as doth at nonne the sonne</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No man may tel, no thenke in thought.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The riche werk that ther was rought.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Than he gan biholde about al,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seighe ful liggeand with in the wal,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of folk that wer thidder y-brought,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thought dede and nere nought;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sum stode with outen hadde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And some none armes nade;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum thurch the bodi hadde wounde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum lay wode y-bounde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum armed on hors sete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum astrangled as thai ete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum war in water adreynt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum with fire al for schreynt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wives ther lay on childe bedde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sum dede, and sum awedde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wonder fere ther lay besides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Right as thai slepe her undertides;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eche was thus in this warld y-nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With fairi thider y-come.<a name="FNanchor_A_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_46"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There he seize his owhen wiif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dame Heurodis, his liif liif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Slepe under an ympe tree:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bi her clothes he knewe that it was he,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And when he had bihold this mervalis alle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He went into the kinges halle;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then seigh he there a semly sight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A tabernacle blisseful and bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ther in her maister king sete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And her quen fair and swete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her crounes, her clothes schine so bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That unnethe bihold he hem might.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Orfeo and Heurodis, MS.</i></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_46">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> It was perhaps from such a description that Ariosto adopted
+his idea of the Lunar Paradise, containing every thing that on earth was
+stolen or lost.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Orfeo</i>, as a minstrel, so charms the Fairy King with the music of
+his harp, that he promises to grant him whatever he should ask. He
+immediately demands his lost <i>Heurodis</i>; and, returning safely with
+her to Winchester, resumes his authority; a catastrophe, less pathetic
+indeed, but more pleasing, than that of the classical story. The
+circumstances, mentioned in this romantic legend, correspond very
+exactly with popular tradition. Almost all the writers on daemonology
+mention, as a received opinion that the power of the daemons is most
+predominant at noon and midnight. The entrance to the Land of Fa&euml;ry is
+placed in the wilderness; a circumstance, which coincides with a passage
+in Lindsay's <i>Complaint of the Papingo:</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot sen my spreit mon from my bodye go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I recommend it to the queue of Fary,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eternally into her court to tarry</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In <i>wilderness</i> amang the holtis hair.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">LINDSAY'S <i>Works</i>, 1592, p. 222.</span><br>
+
+<p>Chaucer also agrees, in this particular, with our romancer:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In his sadel he clombe anon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And priked over stile and ston,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An elf quene for to espie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Til he so long had riden and gone</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he fond in a privie wone</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The countree of Fa&euml;rie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wherein he soughte north and south,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And often spired with his mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In many a foreste wilde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For in that countree nas ther non,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That to him dorst ride or gon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Neither wif ne childe.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Rime of Sir Thopas.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>V. Other two causes, deeply affecting the superstition of which we
+treat, remain yet to be noticed. The first is derived from the Christian
+religion, which admits only of two classes of spirits, exclusive of the
+souls of men&mdash;Angels, namely, and Devils. This doctrine had a necessary
+tendency to abolish the distinction among subordinate spirits, which had
+been introduced by the superstitions of the Scandinavians. The existence
+of the Fairies was readily admitted; but, as they had no pretensions to
+the angelic character, they were deemed to be of infernal origin. The
+union, also, which had been formed betwixt the elves and the Pagan
+deities, was probably of disservice to the former; since every one
+knows, that the whole synod of Olympus were accounted daemons.</p>
+
+<p>The fulminations of the church were, therefore, early directed against
+those, who consulted or consorted with the Fairies; and, according to
+the inquisitorial logic, the innocuous choristers of Oberon and Titania
+were, without remorse, confounded with the sable inhabitants of the
+orthodox Gehennim; while the rings, which marked their revels, were
+assimilated to the blasted sward on which the witches held their
+infernal sabbath.&mdash;<i>Delrii Disq. Mag.</i> p. 179. This transformation early
+took place; for, among the many crimes for which the famous Joan of Arc
+was called upon to answer, it was not the least heinous, that she
+had frequented the Tree and Fountain, near Dompr&eacute;, which formed the
+rendezvous of the Fairies, and bore their name; that she had joined in
+the festive dance with the elves, who haunted this charmed spot; had
+accepted of their magical bouquets, and availed herself of their
+talismans, for the delivery of her country.&mdash;<i>Vide Acta Judiciaria
+contra Johannam D'Arceam, vulgo vocutam Johanne la Pucelle.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Reformation swept away many of the corruptions of the church of
+Rome; but the purifying torrent remained itself somewhat tinctured by
+the superstitious impurities of the soil over which it had passed. The
+trials of sorcerers and witches, which disgrace our criminal records,
+become even more frequent after the Reformation of the church; as if
+human credulity, no longer amused by the miracles of Rome, had sought
+for food in the traditionary records of popular superstition. A Judaical
+observation of the precepts of the Old Testament also characterized the
+Presbyterian reformers. <i>&quot;Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,&quot;</i> was
+a text, which at once (as they conceived) authorized their belief in
+sorcery, and sanctioned the penalty which they denounced against it. The
+Fairies were, therefore, in no better credit after the Reformation than
+before, being still regarded as actual daemons, or something very little
+better. A famous divine, Doctor Jasper Brokeman, teaches us, in his
+system of divinity, &quot;that they inhabit in those places that are polluted
+with any crying sin, as effusion of blood, or where unbelief or
+superstitione have gotten the upper hand.&quot;&mdash;<i>Description of Feroe.</i> The
+Fairies being on such bad terms with the divines, those, who pretended
+to intercourse with them, were, without scruple, punished as sorcerers;
+and such absurd charges are frequently stated as exaggerations of
+crimes, in themselves sufficiently heinous.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the case in the trial of the noted Major Weir, and his sister;
+where the following mummery interlards a criminal indictment, too
+infamously flagitious to be farther detailed: &quot;9th April, 1670. Jean
+Weir, indicted of sorceries, committed by her when she lived and kept a
+school at Dalkeith: that she took employment from a woman, to speak in
+her behalf to the <i>Queen of Fairii, meaning the Devil</i>; and that another
+woman gave her a piece of a tree, or root, the next day, and did tell
+her, that as long as she kept the same, she should be able to do what
+she pleased; and that same woman, from whom she got the tree, caused her
+spread a cloth before her door, and set her foot upon it, and to repeat
+thrice, in the posture foresaid, these words, <i>'All her losses and
+crosses go alongst to the doors,'</i> which was truly a consulting with the
+devil, and an act of sorcery, &amp;c. That after the spirit, in the shape of
+a woman, who gave her the piece of tree, had removed, she, addressing
+herself to spinning, and having spun but a short time, found more
+yarn upon the pirn than could possibly have come there by good
+means.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_47"><sup>[A]</sup></a>&mdash;<i>Books of Adjournal.</i></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_47">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> It is observed in the record, that Major Weir, a man of
+the most vicious character, was at the same time ambitious of appearing
+eminently godly; and used to frequent the beds of sick persons, to
+assist them with his prayers. On such occasions, he put to his mouth
+a long staff, which he usually carried, and expressed himself with
+uncommon energy and fluency, of which he was utterly incapable when the
+inspiring rod was withdrawn. This circumstance, the result, probably, of
+a trick or habit, appearing suspicious to the judges, the staff of the
+sorcerer was burned along with his person. One hundred and thirty years
+have elapsed since his execution, yet no one has, during that space,
+ventured to inhabit the house of this celebrated criminal.</p></div>
+
+<p>Neither was the judgment of the criminal court of Scotland less severe
+against another familiar of the Fairies, whose supposed correspondence
+with the court of Elfland seems to have constituted the sole crime, for
+which she was burned alive. Her name was Alison Pearson, and she seems
+to have been a very noted person. In a bitter satire against Adamson,
+Bishop of St Andrews, he is accused of consulting with sorcerers,
+particularly with this very woman; and an account is given of her
+travelling through Breadalbane, in the company of the Queen of Fa&euml;ry,
+and of her descrying, in the court of Elfland, many persons, who had
+been supposed at rest in the peaceful grave.<a name="FNanchor_A_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_48"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Among these we find two
+remarkable personages; the secretary, young Maitland of Lethington, and
+one of the old lairds of Buccleuch. The cause of their being stationed
+in Elfland probably arose from the manner of their decease; which, being
+uncommon and violent, caused the vulgar to suppose that they had been
+abstracted by the Fairies. Lethington, as is generally supposed, died a
+Roman death during his imprisonment in Leith; and the Buccleuch, whom I
+believe to be here meant, was slain in a nocturnal scuffle by the Kerrs,
+his hereditary enemies. Besides, they were both attached to the cause
+of Queen Mary, and to the ancient religion; and were thence, probably,
+considered as more immediately obnoxious to the assaults of the powers
+of darkness.<a name="FNanchor_B_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_49"><sup>[B]</sup></a> The indictment of Alison Pearson notices her intercourse
+with the Archbishop of St Andrews, and contains some particulars, worthy
+of notice, regarding the court of Elfland. It runs thus: &quot;28th May,
+1586. Alison Pearson, in Byrehill, convicted of witchcraft, and of
+consulting with evil spirits, in the form of one Mr William Simpsone,
+her cosin, who she affirmed was a gritt schollar, and doctor of
+medicine, that healed her of her diseases when she was twelve years of
+age; having lost the power of her syde, and having a familiaritie with
+him for divers years, dealing with charms, and abuseing the common
+people by her arts of witchcraft, thir divers years by-past.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_48">[A]</a><div class="note">
+<p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For oght the kirk culd him forbid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He sped him sone, and gat the thrid;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ane carling of the quene of Phareis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That ewill win geir to elpliyne careis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through all Brade Abane scho has bene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On horsbak on Hallow ewin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ay in seiking certayne nightis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As scho sayis with sur silly wychirs:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And names out nybours sex or sewin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That we belevit had bene in heawin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Scho said scho saw theme weill aneugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And speciallie gude auld Balcleuch,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The secretar, and sundrie uther:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ane William Symsone, her mother brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whom fra scho has resavit a buike</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For ony herb scho likes to luke;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It will instruct her how to tak it,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In saws and sillubs how to mak it;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With stones that meikle mair can doe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In leich craft, where scho lays them toe:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A thousand maladeis scho hes mendit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now being tane, and apprehendit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Scho being in the bischopis cure,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And keipit in his castle sure,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Without respect of worldlie glamer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He past into the witches chalmer.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Scottish Poems of XVI. Century,</i> Edin. 1801,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Vol. II, p. 320.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_49">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Buccleuch was a violent enemy to the English, by whom his
+lands had been repeatedly plundered (See <i>Introduction,</i> p. xxvi), and
+a great advocate for the marriage betwixt Mary and the dauphin, 1549.
+According to John Knox, he had recourse even to threats, in urging the
+parliament to agree to the French match. &quot;The laird of Buccleuch,&quot; says
+the Reformer, &quot;a bloody man, with many Gods wounds, swore, they that
+would not consent should do worse.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> For banting and repairing with the gude neighbours, and queene
+of Elfland, thir divers years by-past, as she had confest; and that she
+had friends in that court, which were of her own blude, who had gude
+acquaintance of the queene of Elfland, which might have helped her; but
+she was whiles well, and whiles ill, sometimes with them, a'nd other
+times away frae them; and that she would be in her bed haille and feire,
+and would not wytt where she would be the morn; and that she saw not the
+queene this seven years, and that she was seven years ill handled in the
+court of Elfland; that, however, she kad gude friends there, and that
+it was the gude neighbours that healed her, under God; and that she was
+comeing and going to St Andrews to haile folkes thir many years past.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> Convict of the said act of witchcraft, in as far as she confest
+that the said Mr William Sympsoune, who was her guidsir sone, born in
+Stirleing, who was the king's smith, who, when about eight years of age,
+was taken away by ane Egyptian to Egypt; which Egyptian was a gyant,
+where he remained twelve years, &quot;and then came home.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> That she being in Grange Muir, with some other folke, she,
+being sick, lay downe; and, when alone, there came a man to her, clad in
+green, who said to her, if she would be faithful, he would do her good;
+but she, being feared, cried out, but naebodye came to her; so she said,
+if he came in God's name, and for the gude of her saule, it was well;
+but he gaid away: that he appeared to her another tyme like a lustie
+man, and many men and women with him; that, at seeing him, she signed
+herself and prayed, and past with them, and saw them making merrie with
+pypes, and gude cheir and wine, and that she was carried with them; and
+that when she telled any of these things, she was sairlie tormentit by
+them; and that the first time she gaed with them, she gat a sair straike
+frae one of them, which took all the <i>poustie</i><a name="FNanchor_A_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_50"><sup>[A]</sup></a> of her syde frae her,
+and left ane ill-far'd mark on her syde.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> That she saw the gude neighbours make their sawes<a name="FNanchor_B_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_51"><sup>[B]</sup></a> with panns
+and fyres, and that they gathered the herbs before the sun was up, and
+they came verie fearful sometimes to her, and flaide<a name="FNanchor_C_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_52"><sup>[C]</sup></a> her very sair,
+which made her cry, and threatened they would use her worse than before;
+and, at last, they took away the power of her haile syde frae her, which
+made her lye many weeks. Sometimes they would come and sitt by her, and
+promise all that she should never want if she would be faithful, but if
+she would speak and telle of them, they should murther her; and that Mr
+William Sympsoune is with them, who healed her, and telt her all things;
+that he is a young man not six years older than herself, and that he
+will appear to her before the court comes; that he told her he was taken
+away by them, and he bidd her sign herself that she be not taken away,
+for the teind of them are tane to hell everie year.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_50">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Poustie</i>&mdash;Power.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_51">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sawes</i>&mdash;Salves.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_52">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Flaide</i>&mdash;Scared.</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> That the said Mr William told her what herbs were fit to cure
+every disease, and how to use them; and particularlie tauld, that the
+Bishop of St Andrews laboured under sindrie diseases, sic as the riples,
+trembling, feaver, flux, &amp;c. and bade her make a sawe, and anoint
+several parts of his body therewith, and gave directions for making a
+posset, which she made and gave him.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>For this idle story the poor woman actually suffered death. Yet,
+notwithstanding the fervent arguments thus liberally used by the
+orthodox, the common people, though they dreaded even to think or speak
+about the Fairies, by no means unanimously acquiesced in the doctrine,
+which consigned them to eternal perdition. The inhabitants of the Isle
+of Man call them the &quot;<i>good people</i>, and say they live in wilds, and
+forests, and on mountains, and shun great cities, because of the
+wickedness acted therein: all the houses are blessed where they visit,
+for they fly vice. A person would be thought impudently prophane who
+should suffer his family to go to bed, without having first set a tub,
+or pail, full of clean water, for those guests to bathe themselves in,
+which the natives aver they constantly do, as soon as ever the eyes of
+the family are closed, wherever they vouchsafe to come.&quot;&mdash;WALDREN's
+<i>Works</i>, p. 126. There are some curious, and perhaps anomalous facts,
+concerning the history of Fairies, in a sort of Cock-lane narrative,
+contained in a letter from Moses Pitt, to Dr Edward Fowler, Lord Bishop
+of Gloucester, printed at London in 1696, and preserved in Morgan's
+<i>Phoenix Britannicus,</i> 4to, London 1732.</p>
+
+<p>Anne Jefferies was born in the parish of St Teath, in the county of
+Cornwall, in 1626. Being the daughter of a poor man, she resided as
+servant in the house of the narrator's father, and waited upon the
+narrator himself, in his childhood. As she was knitting stockings in an
+arbour of the garden, &quot;six small people, all in green clothes,&quot; came
+suddenly over the garden wall; at the sight of whom, being much
+frightened, she was seized with convulsions, and continued so long sick,
+that she became as a changeling, and was unable to walk. During her
+sickness, she frequently exclaimed, &quot;They are just gone out of the
+window! they are just gone out of the window! do you not see them?&quot;
+These expressions, as she afterwards declared, related to their
+disappearing. During the harvest, when every one was employed, her
+mistress walked out; and dreading that Anne, who was extremely weak
+and silly, might injure herself, or the house, by the fire, with some
+difficulty persuaded her to walk in the orchard till her return. She
+accidentally hurt her leg, and, at her return, Anne cured it, by
+stroking it with her hand. She appeared to be informed of every
+particular, and asserted, that she had this information from the
+Fairies, who had caused the misfortune. After this, she performed
+numerous cures, but would never receive money for them. From harvest
+time to Christmas, she was fed by the Fairies, and eat no other victuals
+but theirs. The narrator affirms, that, looking one day through the
+key-hole of the door of her chamber, he saw her eating; and that she
+gave him a piece of bread, which was the most delicious he ever tasted.
+The Fairies always appeared to her in even numbers; never less than two,
+nor more than eight, at a time. She had always a sufficient stock of
+salves and medicines, and yet neither made, nor purchased any; nor did
+she ever appear to be in want of money. She, one day, gave a silver cup,
+containing about a quart, to the daughter of her mistress, a girl about
+four years old, to carry to her mother, who refused to receive it. The
+narrator adds, that he had seen her dancing in the orchard among the
+trees, and that she informed him she was then dancing with the Fairies.
+The report of the strange cures which she performed, soon attracted the
+attention of both ministers and magistrates. The ministers endeavoured
+to persuade her, that the Fairies by which she was haunted, were evil
+spirits, and that she was under the delusion of the devil. After they
+had left her, she was visited by the Fairies, while in great perplexity;
+who desired her to cause those, who termed them evil spirits, to
+read that place of scripture, <i>First Epistle of John,</i>, chap. iv. v.
+1,&mdash;<i>Dearly beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits,
+whether they are of God,</i> &amp;c. Though Anne Jefferies could not read, she
+produced a Bible folded down at this passage. By the magistrates she was
+confined three months, without food, in Bodmin jail, and afterwards
+for some time in the house of Justice Tregeagle. Before the constable
+appeared to apprehend her, she was visited by the Fairies, who informed
+her what was intended, and advised her to go with him. When this account
+was given, on May 1, 1696, she was still alive; but refused to relate
+any particulars of her connection with the Fairies, or the occasion on
+which they deserted her, lest she should again fall under the cognizance
+of the magistrates.</p>
+
+<p>Anne Jefferies' Fairies were not altogether singular in maintaining
+their good character, in opposition to the received opinion of the
+church. Aubrey and Lily, unquestionably judges in such matters, had
+a high opinion of these beings, if we may judge from the following
+succinct and business-like memorandum of a ghost-seer. &quot;Anno 1670. Not
+far from Cirencester was an apparition. Being demanded whether a good
+spirit or a bad, returned no answer, but disappeared with a curious
+perfume, and most melodious twang. M.W. Lilly believes it was a Fairie.
+So Propertius,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Omnia finierat; tenues secessit in auras,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mansit odor possis scire fuisse Deam!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">AUBREY'S <i>Miscellanies,</i> p. 80.</span><br>
+
+<p>A rustic, also, whom Jackson taxed with magical practices, about 1620,
+obstinately denied that the good King of the Fairies had any connection
+with the devil; and some of the Highland seers, even in our day,
+have boasted of their intimacy with the elves, as an innocent and
+advantageous connection. One Maccoan, in Appin, the last person
+eminently gifted with the second sight, professed to my learned and
+excellent friend, Mr Ramsay, of Ochtertyre, that he owed his prophetic
+visions to their intervention.</p>
+
+<p>VI. There remains yet another cause to be noticed, which seems to have
+induced a considerable alteration into the popular creed of England,
+respecting Fairies. Many poets of the sixteenth century, and, above all,
+our immortal Shakespeare, deserting the hackneyed fictions of Greece and
+Rome, sought for machinery in the superstitions of their native country.
+&quot;The fays, which nightly dance upon the wold,&quot; were an interesting
+subject; and the creative imagination of the bard, improving upon the
+vulgar belief, assigned to them many of those fanciful attributes and
+occupations, which posterity have since associated with the name
+of Fairy. In such employments, as rearing the drooping flower, and
+arranging the disordered chamber, the Fairies of South Britain gradually
+lost the harsher character of the dwarfs, or elves. Their choral dances
+were enlivened by the introduction of the merry goblin <i>Puck</i>,<a name="FNanchor_A_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_53"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+for whose freakish pranks they exchanged their original mischievous
+propensities. The Fairies of Shakespeare, Drayton, and Mennis,
+therefore, at first exquisite fancy portraits, may be considered as
+having finally operated a change in the original which gave them
+birth.<a name="FNanchor_B_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_54"><sup>[B]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_53">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin, possesses the frolicksome
+qualities of the French <i>Lutin</i>. For his full character, the reader is
+referred to the <i>Reliques of Ancient Poetry</i>. The proper livery of this
+sylvan Momus is to be found in an old play. &quot;Enter Robin Goodfellow, in
+a suit of leather, close to his body, his hands and face coloured russet
+colour, with a flail.&quot;&mdash;<i>Grim, the Collier of Croydon, Act 4, Scene 1.</i>
+At other times, however, he is presented in the vernal livery of the
+elves, his associates:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Tim.</i> &quot;I have made</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Some speeches, sir, ill verse, which have been spoke</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;By a <i>green Robin Goodfellow</i>, from Cheapside conduit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To my father's company.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>The City Match, Act I, Scene 6.</i></span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_54">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> The Fairy land, and Fairies of Spenser, have no connection
+with popular superstition, being only words used to denote an Utopian
+scene of action, and imaginary or allegorical characters; and the title
+of the &quot;Fairy Queen&quot; being probably suggested by the elfin mistress of
+Chaucer's <i>Sir Thopas</i>. The stealing of the Red Cross Knight, while a
+child, is the only incident in the poem which approaches to the popular
+character of the Fairy:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&mdash;A Fairy thee unweeting reft;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There as thou sleptst in tender swadling band,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And her base elfin brood there for thee left:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such men do changelings call, so chang'd by Fairies theft.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Book I. Canto</i> 10.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>While the fays of South Britain received such attractive and poetical
+embellishments, those of Scotland, who possessed no such advantage,
+retained more of their ancient, and appropriate character. Perhaps,
+also, the persecution which these sylvan deities underwent, at the
+instance of the stricter presbyterian clergy, had its usual effect, in
+hardening their dispositions, or at least in rendering them more dreaded
+by those among whom they dwelt. The face of the country, too, might
+have some effect; as we should naturally attribute a less malicious
+disposition, and a less frightful appearance, to the fays who glide by
+moon-light through the oaks of Windsor, than to those who haunt the
+solitary heaths and lofty mountains of the North. The fact at least is
+certain; and it has not escaped a late ingenious traveller, that the
+character of the Scottish Fairy is more harsh and terrific than that
+which is ascribed to the elves of our sister kingdom.&mdash;See STODDART'S
+<i>View of Scenery and Manners in Scotland.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Fairies of Scotland are represented as a diminutive race of beings,
+of a mixed, or rather dubious nature, capricious in their dispositions,
+and mischievous in their resentment. They inhabit the interior of green
+hills, chiefly those of a conical form, in Gaelic termed <i>Sighan</i>, on
+which they lead their dances by moon-light; impressing upon the surface
+the mark of circles, which sometimes appear yellow and blasted,
+sometimes of a deep green hue; and within which it is dangerous to
+sleep, or to be found after sun-set. The removal of those large portions
+of turf, which thunderbolts sometimes scoop out of the ground with
+singular regularity, is also ascribed to their agency. Cattle, which are
+suddenly seized with the cramp, or some similar disorder, are said to be
+<i>elf-shot</i>; and the approved cure is, to chafe the parts affected with
+a blue bonnet, which, it may be readily believed, often restores the
+circulation. The triangular flints, frequently found in Scotland, with
+which the ancient inhabitants probably barbed their shafts, are supposed
+to be the weapons of Fairy resentment, and are termed <i>elf-arrow heads</i>.
+The rude brazen battle-axes of the ancients, commonly called <i>celts</i>,
+are also ascribed to their manufacture. But, like the Gothic duergar,
+their skill is not confined to the fabrication of arms; for they are
+heard sedulously hammering in linns, precipices, and rocky or cavernous
+situations where, like the dwarfs of the mines, mentioned by Georg.
+Agricola, they busy themselves in imitating the actions and the various
+employments of men. The brook of Beaumont, for example, which passes,
+in its course, by numerous linns and caverns, is notorious for being
+haunted by the Fairies; and the perforated and rounded stones, which are
+formed by trituration in its channel, are termed, by the vulgar, fairy
+cups and dishes. A beautiful reason is assigned, by Fletcher, for the
+fays frequenting streams and fountains. He tells us of</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The nimble-footed Fairies dance their rounds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By the pale moon-shine, dipping oftentimes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their stolen children, so to make them free</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">From dying flesh, and dull mortality.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Faithful Shepherdess.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>It is sometimes accounted unlucky to pass such places, without
+performing some ceremony to avert the displeasure of the elves. There
+is, upon the top of Minchmuir, a mountain in Peebles-shire, a spring,
+called the <i>Cheese Well</i>, because, anciently, those who passed that way
+were wont to throw into it a piece of cheese, as an offering to the
+Fairies, to whom it was consecrated.</p>
+
+<p>Like the <i>feld elfen</i> of the Saxons, the usual dress of the Fairies
+is green; though, on the moors, they have been sometimes observed in
+heath-brown, or in weeds dyed with the stoneraw, or lichen.<a name="FNanchor_A_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_55"><sup>[A]</sup></a> They
+often ride in invisible procession, when their presence is discovered by
+the shrill ringing of their bridles. On these occasions, they sometimes
+borrow mortal steeds; and when such are found at morning, panting and
+fatigued in their stalls, with their manes and tails dishevelled and
+entangled, the grooms, I presume, often find this a convenient excuse
+for their situation; as the common belief of the elves quaffing the
+choicest liquors in the cellars of the rich (see the story of Lord
+Duffus below), might occasionally cloak the delinquencies of an
+unfaithful butler.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_55">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Hence the hero of the ballad is termed an &quot;elfin grey.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The Fairies, beside their equestrian processions, are addicted it would
+seem, to the pleasures of the chace. A young sailor, travelling by night
+from Douglas, in the Isle of Man, to visit his sister, residing in Kirk
+Merlugh, heard the noise of horses, the holla of a huntsman, and the
+sound of a horn. Immediately afterwards, thirteen horsemen, dressed in
+green, and gallantly mounted, swept past him. Jack was so much delighted
+with the sport, that he followed them, and enjoyed the sound of the horn
+for some miles; and it was not till he arrived at his sister's house
+that he learned the danger which he had incurred. I must not omit to
+mention, that these little personages are expert jockeys, and scorn to
+ride the little Manks ponies, though apparently well suited to their
+size. The exercise therefore, falls heavily upon the English and Irish
+horses brought into the Isle of Man. Mr Waldron was assured by a
+gentleman of Ballafletcher, that he had lost three or four capital
+hunters by these nocturnal excursions.&mdash;WALDRON'S <i>Works</i>, p. 132.
+From the same author we learn, that the Fairies sometimes take more
+legitimate modes of procuring horses. A person of the utmost integrity
+informed him, that, having occasion to sell a horse, he was accosted
+among the mountains by a little gentleman plainly dressed, who priced
+his horse, cheapened him, and, after some chaffering, finally purchased
+him. No sooner had the buyer mounted, and paid the price, than, he sunk
+through the earth, horse and man, to the astonishment and terror of the
+seller; who experienced, however, no inconvenience from dealing with so
+extraordinary a purchaser.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> p. 135.</p>
+
+<p>It is hoped the reader will receive, with due respect, these, and
+similar stories, told by Mr Waldron; for he himself, a scholar and a
+gentleman, informs us, &quot;as to circles in grass, and the impression
+of small feet among the snow, I cannot deny but I have seen them
+frequently, and once thought I heard a whistle, as though in my ear,
+when nobody that could make it was near me.&quot; In this passage there is a
+curious picture of the contagious effects of a superstitious atmosphere.
+Waldron had lived so long among the Manks, that he was almost persuaded
+to believe their legends.</p>
+
+<p>From the <i>History of the Irish Bards</i>, by Mr Walker, and from the
+glossary subjoined to the lively and ingenious <i>Tale of Castle
+Rackrent</i>, we learn, that the same ideas, concerning Fairies, are
+current among the vulgar in that country. The latter authority mentions
+their inhabiting the ancient tumuli, called <i>Barrows</i>, and their
+abstracting mortals. They are termed &quot;the good people;&quot; and when an eddy
+of wind raises loose dust and sand, the vulgar believe that it announces
+a Fairy procession, and bid God speed their journey.</p>
+
+<p>The Scottish Fairies, in like manner, sometimes reside in subterranean
+abodes, in the vicinity of human habitations or, according to the
+popular phrase, under the &quot;door-stane,&quot; or threshold; in which
+situation, they sometimes establish an intercourse with men, by
+borrowing and lending, and other kindly offices. In this capacity they
+are termed &quot;the good neighbours,&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_56"><sup>[A]</sup></a> from supplying privately the wants
+of their friends, and assisting them in all their transactions, while
+their favours are concealed. Of this the traditionary story of Sir
+Godfrey Macculloch forms a curious example.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_56">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Perhaps this epithet is only one example, among many, of
+the extreme civility which the vulgar in Scotland use towards spirits of
+a, dubious, or even a determinedly mischievous, nature. The archfiend
+himself is often distinguished by the softened title of the &quot;good-man.&quot;
+This epithet, so applied, must sound strange to a southern ear; but, as
+the phrase bears various interpretations, according to the places where
+it is used, so, in the Scottish dialect, the <i>good-man of such a place</i>
+signifies the tenant, or life-renter, in opposition to the laird, or
+proprietor. Hence, the devil is termed the good-man, or tenant, of the
+infernal regions. In the book of the Universal Kirk, 13th May, 1594,
+mention is made of &quot;the horrible superstitioune usit in Garioch, and
+dyvers parts of the countrie, in not labouring a parcel of ground
+dedicated to the devil, under the title of the <i>Guid-man's Croft</i>.&quot; Lord
+Hailes conjectured this to have been the <i>tenenos</i> adjoining to some
+ancient Pagan temple. The unavowed, but obvious, purpose of this
+practice, was to avert the destructive rage of Satan from the
+neighbouring possessions. It required various fulminations of the
+General Assembly of the Kirk to abolish a practice bordering so nearly
+upon the doctrine of the Magi.</p></div>
+
+<p>As this Gallovidian gentleman was taking the air on horseback, near his
+own house, he was suddenly accosted by a little old man, arrayed in
+green, and mounted upon a white palfrey. After mutual salutation, the
+old man gave Sir Godfrey to understand, that he resided under his
+habitation, and that he had great reason to complain of the direction of
+a drain, or common sewer, which emptied itself directly into his chamber
+of dais, <a name="FNanchor_A_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_57"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Sir Godfrey Macculloch was a good deal startled at this
+extraordinary complaint; but, guessing the nature of the being he had
+to deal with, he assured the old man, with great courtesy, that the
+direction of the drain should be altered; and caused it be done
+accordingly. Many years afterwards, Sir Godfrey had the misfortune to
+kill, in a fray, a gentleman of the neighbourhood. He was apprehended,
+tried, and condemned.<a name="FNanchor_B_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_58"><sup>[B]</sup></a> The scaffold, upon which his head was to be
+struck off, was erected on the Castle-hill of Edinburgh; but hardly had
+he reached the fatal spot, when the old man, upon his white palfrey,
+pressed through the crowd, with the rapidity of lightning. Sir Godfrey,
+at his command, sprung on behind him; the &quot;good neighbour&quot; spurred his
+horse down the steep bank, and neither he nor the criminal were ever
+again seen.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_57">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The best chamber was thus currently denominated in
+Scotland, from the French <i>dais</i>, signifying that part of the ancient
+halls which was elevated above the rest, and covered with a canopy.
+The turf-seats, which occupy the sunny side of a cottage wall, is also
+termed the <i>dais</i>.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_58">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> In this particular, tradition coincides with the real fact;
+the trial took place in 1697.</p></div>
+
+<p>The most formidable attribute of the elves, was their practice of
+carrying away, and exchanging, children; and that of stealing human
+souls from their bodies. &quot;A persuasion prevails among the ignorant,&quot;
+says the author of a MS. history of Moray, &quot;that, in a consumptive
+disease, the Fairies steal away the soul, and put the soul of a Fairy in
+the room of it.&quot; This belief prevails chiefly along the eastern coast of
+Scotland, where a practice, apparently of druidical origin, is used to
+avert the danger. In the increase of the March moon, withies of oak and
+ivy are cut, and twisted into wreaths or circles, which they preserve
+till next March. After that period, when persons are consumptive, or
+children hectic, they cause them to pass thrice through these circles.
+In other cases the cure was more rough, and at least as dangerous as the
+disease, as will appear from the following extract:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;There is one thing remarkable in this parish of Suddie (in
+Inverness-shire), which I think proper to mention. There is a small hill
+N.W. from the church, commonly called Therdy Hill, or Hill of Therdie,
+as some term it; on the top of which there is a well, which I had the
+curiosity to view, because of the several reports concerning it. When
+children happen to be sick, and languish long in their malady, so that
+they almost turned skeletons, the common people imagine they are taken
+away (at least the substance) by spirits, called Fairies, and the shadow
+left with them; so, at a particular season in summer, they leave them
+all night themselves, watching at a distance, near this well, and this
+they imagine will either <i>end or mend them</i>; they say many more do
+recover than do not. Yea, an honest tenant who lives hard by it, and
+whom I had the curiosity to discourse about it, told me it has recovered
+some, who were about eight or nine years of age, and to his certain
+knowledge they bring adult persons to it; for, as he was passing one
+dark night, he heard groanings, and coming to the well, he found a man,
+who had been long sick, wrapped in a plaid, so that he could scarcely
+move, a stake being fixed in the earth, with a rope, or tedder, that was
+about the plaid; he had no sooner enquired what he was, but he conjured
+him to loose him, and out of sympathy he was pleased to slacken that,
+wherein he was, as I may so speak, swaddled; but, if I right remember,
+he signified, he did not recover.&quot;&mdash;<i>Account of the Parish of Suddie,</i>
+apud <i>Macfarlane's MSS.</i></p>
+
+<p>According to the earlier doctrine, concerning the original corruption of
+human nature, the power of daemons over infants had been long reckoned
+considerable, in the period intervening between birth and baptism.
+During this period, therefore, children were believed to be particularly
+liable to abstraction by the Fairies, and mothers chiefly dreaded the
+substitution of changelings in the place of their own offspring. Various
+monstrous charms existed in Scotland, for procuring the restoration of a
+child, which had been thus stolen; but the most efficacious of them was
+supposed to be, the roasting of the suppositious child upon the live
+embers, when it was believed it would vanish, and the true child appear
+in the place, whence it had been originally abstracted.<a name="FNanchor_A_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_59"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_59">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Less perilous recipes were sometimes used. The editor is
+possessed of a small relique, termed by tradition a toad-stone, the
+influence of which was supposed to preserve pregnant women from the
+power of daemons, and other dangers incidental to their situation. It
+has been carefully preserved for several generations, was often pledged
+for considerable sums of money, and uniformly redeemed, from a belief in
+its efficacy.</p></div>
+
+<p>The most minute and authenticated account of an exchanged child is to be
+found in Waldron's <i>Isle of Man</i>, a book from which I have derived much
+legendary information. &quot;I was prevailed upon myself,&quot; says that author,
+&quot;to go and see a child, who, they told me, was one of these changelings,
+and, indeed, must own, was not a little surprised, as well as shocked,
+at the sight. Nothing under heaven could have a more beautiful face;
+but, though between five and six years old, and seemingly healthy, he
+was so far from being able to walk or stand, that he could not so much
+as move any one joint; his limbs were vastly long for his age, but
+smaller than any infant's of six months; his complexion was perfectly
+delicate, and he had the finest hair in the world. He never spoke nor
+cried, ate scarce any thing, and was very seldom seen to smile; but if
+any one called him a <i>fairy-elf</i>, he would frown, and fix his eyes so
+earnestly on those who said it, as if he would look them through. His
+mother, or at least his supposed mother, being very poor, frequently
+went out a chareing, and left him a whole day together. The neighbours,
+out of curiosity, have often looked in at the window, to see how he
+behaved while alone; which, whenever they did, they were sure to find
+him laughing, and in the utmost delight. This made them judge that he
+was not without company, more pleasing to him than any mortals could be;
+and what made this conjecture seem the more reasonable, was, that if he
+were left ever so dirty, the woman, at her return, saw him with a clean
+face, and his hair combed with the utmost exactness and nicety.&quot; P. 128.</p>
+
+<p>Waldron gives another account of a poor woman, to whose offspring, it
+would seem, the Fairies had taken a special fancy. A few nights after
+she was delivered of her first child, the family were alarmed by a
+dreadful cry of &quot;Fire!&quot; All flew to the door, while the mother lay
+trembling in bed, unable to protect her infant, which was snatched from
+the bed by an invisible hand. Fortunately the return of the gossips,
+after the causeless alarm, disturbed the Fairies, who dropped the child,
+which was found sprawling and shrieking upon the threshold. At the good
+woman's second <i>accouchement</i>, a tumult was heard in the cow-house,
+which drew thither the whole assistants. They returned, when they found
+that all was quiet among the cattle, and lo! the second child had been
+carried from the bed, and dropped in the middle of the lane. But, upon
+the third occurrence of the same kind, the company were again decoyed
+out of the sick woman's chamber by a false alarm, leaving only a nurse,
+who was detained by the bonds of sleep. On this last occasion, the
+mother plainly saw her child removed, though the means were invisible.
+She screamed for assistance to the nurse; but the old lady had partaken
+too deeply of the cordials which circulate on such joyful occasions, to
+be easily awakened. In short, the child was this time fairly carried
+off, and a withered, deformed creature, left in its stead, quite naked,
+with the clothes of the abstracted infant, rolled in a bundle, by its
+side. This creature lived nine years, ate nothing but a few herbs,
+and neither spoke, stood, walked nor performed any other functions
+of mortality; resembling, in all respects, the changeling already
+mentioned.&mdash;WALDRON'S <i>Works, ibid.</i></p>
+
+<p>But the power of the Fairies was not confined to unchristened children
+alone; it was supposed frequently to extend to full grown persons,
+especially such as, in an unlucky hour, were devoted to the devil by the
+execration of parents, and of masters;<a name="FNanchor_A_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_60"><sup>[A]</sup></a> or those who were found asleep
+under a rock, or on a green hill, belonging to the Fairies, after
+sun-set; or, finally, to those who unwarily joined their orgies. A
+tradition existed, during the seventeenth century, concerning an
+ancestor of the noble family of Duffus, who, &quot;walking abroad in the
+fields, near to his own house, was suddenly carried away, and found the
+next day at Paris, in the French king's cellar, with a silver cup in his
+hand. Being brought into the king's presence, and questioned by him who
+he was, and how he came thither, he told his name, his country, and the
+place of his residence; and that, on such a day of the month, which
+proved to be the day immediately preceding, being in the fields, he
+heard the noise of a whirlwind, and of voices, crying, <i>'Horse and
+Hattock!'</i> (this is the word which the Fairies are said to use when they
+remove from any place), whereupon he cried, <i>'Horse and Hattock'</i> also,
+and was immediately caught up, and transported through the air, by the
+Fairies, to that place, where, after he had drunk heartily, he fell
+asleep, and, before he woke, the rest of the company were gone, and had
+left him in the posture wherein he was found. It is said the king gave
+him the cup, which was found in his hand, and dismissed him.&quot; The
+narrator affirms, &quot;that the cup was still preserved, and known by the
+name of the <i>Fairy cup</i>.&quot; He adds, that Mr Steward, tutor to the then
+Lord Duffus, had informed him, &quot;that, when a boy, at the school of
+Forres, he, and his school-fellows, were upon a time whipping their tops
+in the church-yard, before the door of the church, when, though the day
+was calm, they heard a noise of a wind, and at some distance saw
+the small dust begin to rise and turn round, which motion continued
+advancing till it came to the place where they were, whereupon they
+began to bless themselves; but one of their number being, it seems, a
+little more bold and confident than his companions, said, <i>'Horse and
+Hattock, with my top,'</i> and immediately they all saw the top lifted up
+from the ground, but could not see which way it was carried, by reason
+of a cloud of dust which was raised at the same time. They sought for
+the top all about the place where it was taken up, but in vain; and
+it was found afterwards in the church-yard, on the other side of the
+church.&quot;&mdash;This puerile legend is contained in a letter from a learned
+gentleman in Scotland, to Mr Aubrey, dated 15th March, 1695, published
+in AUBREY'S <i>Miscellanies,</i> p. 158.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_60">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This idea is not peculiar to the Gothic tribes, but extends
+to those of Sclavic origin. Tooke (<i>History of Russia,</i> Vol. I. p.
+100) relates, that the Russian peasants believe the nocturnal daemon,
+<i>Kikimora</i>, to have been a child, whom the devil stole out of the womb
+of its mother, because she had cursed it. They also assert, that if
+an execration against a child be spoken in an evil hour, the child is
+carried off by the devil. The beings, so stolen, are neither fiends nor
+men; they are invisible, and afraid of the cross and holy water; but, on
+the other hand, in their nature and dispositions they resemble mankind,
+whom they love, and rarely injure.</p></div>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding the special example of Lord Duffus, and of the top, it
+is the common opinion, that persons, falling under the power of the
+Fairies, were only allowed to revisit the haunts of men, after
+seven years had expired. At the end of seven years more, they again
+disappeared, after which they were seldom seen among mortals. The
+accounts they gave of their situation, differ in some particulars.
+Sometimes they were represented as leading a life of constant
+restlessness, and wandering by moon-light. According to others, they
+inhabited a pleasant region, where, however, their situation was
+rendered horrible, by the sacrifice of one or more individuals to the
+devil, every seventh year. This circumstance is mentioned in Alison
+Pearson's indictment, and in the <i>Tale of the Young Tamlane,</i> where
+it is termed, &quot;the paying the kane to hell,&quot; or, according to some
+recitations, &quot;the teind,&quot; or tenth. This is the popular reason assigned
+for the desire of the Fairies to abstract young children, as substitutes
+for themselves in this dreadful tribute. Concerning the mode of winning,
+or recovering, persons abstracted by the Fairies, tradition differs; but
+the popular opinion, contrary to what may be inferred from the following
+tale, supposes, that the recovery must be effected within a year and a
+day, to be held legal in the Fairy court. This feat, which was reckoned
+an enterprize of equal difficulty and danger, could only be accomplished
+on Hallowe'en, at the great annual procession of the Fairy court.<a name="FNanchor_A_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_61"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+Of this procession the following description is found in Montgomery's
+<i>Flyting against Polwart,</i> apud <i>Watson's Collection of Scots Poems,</i>
+1709, Part III. p. 12.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In the hinder end of harvest, on All-hallowe'en,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">When our <i>good neighbours</i> dois ride, if I read right.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some buckled on a bunewand, and some on a been,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ay trottand in tronps from the twilight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some saidled a she-ape, all grathed into green,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Some hobland on a hemp-stalk, hovand to the hight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king of Pharie and his court, with the Elf queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">With many elfish incubus was ridand that night.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There an elf on an ape, an unsel begat.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Into a pot by Pomathorne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That bratchart in a busse was born;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They fand a monster on the morn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">War faced nor a cat.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_61">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> See the inimitable poem of Hallowe'en:&mdash;
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Upon that night, when Fairies light</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">On Cassilis Downan dance;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or o'er the leas, in splendid blaze,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">On stately coursers prance,&quot; &amp;c.&nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Burns.</i></span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>The catastrophe of <i>Tamlane</i> terminated more successfully than that of
+other attempts, which tradition still records. The wife of a farmer in
+Lothian had been carried off by the Fairies, and, during the year of
+probation, repeatedly appeared on Sunday, in the midst of her children,
+combing their hair. On one of these occasions she was accosted by
+her husband; when she related to him the unfortunate event which had
+separated them, instructed him by what means he might win her, and
+exhorted him to exert all his courage, since her temporal and eternal
+happiness depended on the success of his attempt. The farmer, who
+ardently loved his wife, set out on Hallow-e'en and, in the midst of a
+plot of furze, waited impatiently for the procession of the Fairies. At
+the ringing of the Fairy bridles, and the wild unearthly sound which
+accompanied the cavalcade, his heart failed him, and he suffered the
+ghostly train to pass by without interruption. When the last had rode
+past, the whole troop vanished, with loud shouts of laughter and
+exultation; among which he plainly discovered the voice of his wife,
+lamenting that he had lost her for ever.</p>
+
+<p>A similar, but real incident, took place at the town of North Berwick,
+within the memory of man. The wife of a man, above the lowest class of
+society, being left alone in the house, a few days after delivery, was
+attacked and carried off by one of those convulsion fits, incident to
+her situation. Upon the return of the family, who had been engaged in
+hay-making, or harvest, they found the corpse much disfigured. This
+circumstance, the natural consequence of her disease, led some of the
+spectators to think that she had been carried off by the Fairies,
+and that the body before them was some elfin deception. The husband,
+probably, paid little attention to this opinion at the time. The body
+was interred, and, after a decent time had elapsed, finding his domestic
+affairs absolutely required female superintendence, the widower paid
+his addresses to a young woman in the neighbourhood. The recollection,
+however, of his former wife, whom he had tenderly loved, haunted his
+slumbers; and, one morning, he came to the clergyman of the parish in
+the utmost dismay, declaring, that she had appeared to him the preceding
+night, informed him that she was a captive in Fairy Land, and conjured
+him to attempt her deliverance. She directed him to bring the minister,
+and certain other persons, whom she named, to her grave at midnight. Her
+body was then to be dug up, and certain prayers recited; after which the
+corpse was to become animated, and fly from them. One of the assistants,
+the swiftest runner in the parish, was to pursue the body; and, if he
+was able to seize it, before it had thrice encircled the church, the
+rest were to come to his assistance, and detain it, in spite of the
+struggles it should use, and the various shapes into which it might be
+transformed. The redemption of the abstracted person was then to become
+complete. The minister, a sensible man, argued with his parishioner upon
+the indecency and absurdity of what was proposed, and dismissed him.
+Next Sunday, the banns being for the first time proclaimed betwixt the
+widower and his new bride, his former wife, very naturally, took the
+opportunity of the following night to make him another visit, yet more
+terrific than the former. She upbraided him with his incredulity, his
+fickleness, and his want of affection; and, to convince him that her
+appearance was no a&euml;rial illusion, she gave suck, in his presence, to
+her youngest child. The man, under the greatest horror of mind, had
+again recourse to the pastor; and his ghostly counsellor fell upon
+an admirable expedient to console him. This was nothing less than
+dispensing with the further solemnity of banns, and marrying him,
+without an hour's delay, to the young woman to whom he was affianced;
+after which no spectre again disturbed his repose.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<p>Having concluded these general observations upon the Fairy superstition,
+which, although minute, may not, I hope, be deemed altogether
+uninteresting, I proceed to the more particular illustrations, relating
+to the <i>Tale of the Young Tamlane.</i></p>
+
+<p>The following ballad, still popular in Ettrick Forest, where the scene
+is laid, is certainly of much greater antiquity than its phraseology,
+gradually modernized as transmitted by tradition, would seem to denote.
+The <i>Tale of the Young Tamlane</i> is mentioned in the <i>Complaynt of
+Scotland;</i> and the air, to which it was chaunted, seems to have been
+accommodated to a particular dance; for the dance of <i>Thorn of
+Lynn</i>, another variation of <i>Thomalin</i>, likewise occurs in the same
+performance. Like every popular subject, it seems to have been
+frequently parodied; and a burlesque ballad, beginning</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tom o' the Linn was a Scotsman born,&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>is still well known.</p>
+
+<p>In a medley, contained in a curious and ancient MS. cantus, <i>penes</i> J.G.
+Dalyell, Esq., there is an allusion to our ballad:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sing young Thomlin, be merry, be merry, and twice so merry.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>In <i>Scottish Songs</i>, 1774, a part of the original tale was published,
+under the title of <i>Kerton Ha';</i> a corruption of Carterhaugh; and,
+in the same collection, there is a fragment, containing two or three
+additional verses, beginning,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll wager, I'll wager, I'll wager with you,&quot; &amp;c.</span><br>
+
+<p>In Johnson's <i>Musical Museum</i>, a more complete copy occurs, under the
+title of <i>Thom Linn</i>, which, with some alterations was reprinted in the
+<i>Tales of Wonder</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The present edition is the most perfect which has yet appeared; being
+prepared from a collation of the printed copies, with a very accurate
+one in Glenriddell's MSS., and with several recitals from tradition.
+Some verses are omitted in this edition, being ascertained to belong to
+a separate ballad, which will be found in a subsequent part of the work.
+In one recital only, the well known fragment of the <i>Wee, wee Man</i>,
+was introduced, in the same measure with the rest of the poem. It was
+retained in the first edition, but is now omitted; as the editor has
+been favoured, by the learned Mr Ritson, with a copy of the original
+poem, of which it is a detached fragment. The editor has been enabled to
+add several verses of beauty and interest to this edition of <i>Tamlane</i>,
+in consequence of a copy, obtained from a gentleman residing near
+Langholm, which is said to be very ancient, though the diction is
+somewhat of a modern cast. The manners of the Fairies are detailed at
+considerable length, and in poetry of no common merit.</p>
+
+<p>Carterhaugh is a plain, at the conflux of the Ettrick and Yarrow, in
+Selkirkshire, about a mile above Selkirk, and two miles below Newark
+Castle; a romantic ruin, which overhangs the Yarrow, and which is said
+to have been the habitation of our heroine's father, though others place
+his residence in the tower of Oakwood. The peasants point out, upon the
+plain, those electrical rings, which vulgar credulity supposes to be
+traces of the Fairy revels. Here, they say, were placed the stands of
+milk, and of water, in which <i>Tamlane</i> was dipped, in order to effect
+the disenchantment; and upon these spots, according to their mode of
+expressing themselves, the grass will never grow. Miles Cross (perhaps a
+corruption of Mary's Cross), where fair Janet waited the arrival of the
+Fairy train, is said to have stood near the duke of Buccleuch's seat of
+Bowhill, about half a mile from Carterhaugh. In no part of Scotland,
+indeed, has the belief in Fairies maintained its ground with more
+pertinacity than in Selkirkshire. The most sceptical among the lower
+ranks only venture to assert, that their appearances, and mischievous
+exploits, have ceased, or at least become infrequent, since the light of
+the Gospel was diffused in its purity. One of their frolics is said to
+have happened late in the last century. The victim of elfin sport was a
+poor man, who, being employed in pulling heather upon Peatlaw, a hill
+not far from Carterhaugh, had tired of his labour, and laid him down
+to sleep upon a Fairy ring.&mdash;When he awakened, he was amazed to find
+himself in the midst of a populous city, to which, as well as to the
+means of his transportation, he was an utter stranger. His coat was left
+upon the Peatlaw; and his bonnet, which had fallen off in the course of
+his a&euml;rial journey, was afterwards found hanging upon the steeple of
+the church of Lanark. The distress of the poor man was, in some degree,
+relieved, by meeting a carrier, whom he had formerly known, and who
+conducted him back to Selkirk, by a slower conveyance than had whirled
+him to Glasgow.&mdash;That he had been carried off by the Fairies, was
+implicitly believed by all, who did not reflect, that a man may have
+private reasons for leaving his own country, and for disguising his
+having intentionally done so.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE YOUNG TAMLANE</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O I forbid ye, maidens a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That wear gowd on your hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To come or gae by Carterhaugh;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For young Tamlane is there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There's nane, that gaes by Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But maun leave him a wad;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Either goud rings or green mantles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or else their maidenheid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, gowd rings ye may buy, maidens,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Green mantles ye may spin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, gin ye lose your maidenheid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ye'll ne'er get that agen.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up then spak her, fair Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fairest o' a' her kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll cum and gang to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And ask nae leave o' him.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Janet has kilted her green kirtle,<a name="FNanchor_A_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_62"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune her knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has braided her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune her bree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when she cam to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She gaed beside the well;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there she fand his steed standing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But away was himsell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna pu'd a red red rose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A rose but barely three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till up and starts a wee wee man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">At Lady Janet's knee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Why pu' ye the rose, Janet?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;What gars ye break the tree?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or why come ye to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Withoutten leave o' me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Carterhaugh it is mine ain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My daddie gave it me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll come and gang to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And ask nae leave o' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Amang the leaves sae green;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And what they did I cannot tell&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The green leaves were between.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Amang the roses red;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And what they did I cannot say&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She ne'er returned a maid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she cam to her father's ha',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She looked pale and wan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They thought she'd dried some sair sickness,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or been wi' some leman.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She didna comb her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nor make meikle o' her heid;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ilka thing, that lady took,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Was like to be her deid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Its four and twenty ladies fair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Were playing at the ba';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Janet, the wightest of them anes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Was faintest o' them a'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Four and twenty ladies fair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Were playing at the chess;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out there came the fair Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As green as any grass.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out and spak an auld gray-headed knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lay o'er the castle wa'&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ever alas! for thee, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But we'll be blamed a'!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now haud your tongue, ye auld gray knight!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And an ill deid may ye die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Father my bairn on whom I will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll father nane on thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out then spak her father dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he spak meik and mild&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ever alas! my sweet Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I fear ye gae with child.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, if I be with child, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Mysell maun bear the blame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's ne'er a knight about your ha'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Shall hae the bairnie's name.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I be with child, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;'Twill prove a wondrous birth;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For well I swear I'm not wi' bairn</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To any man on earth.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If my love were an earthly knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As he's an elfin grey,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wadna gie my ain true love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For nae lord that ye hae.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She princked hersell and prinn'd hersell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">By the ae light of the moon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she's away to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To speak wi' young Tamlane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when she cam to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She gaed beside the well;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there she saw the steed standing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But away was himsell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna pu'd a double rose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A rose but only twae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When up and started young Tamlane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Lady, thou pu's nae mae!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Why pu' ye the rose, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Within this garden grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And a' to kill the bonny babe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That we got us between?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The truth ye'll tell to me, Tamlane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A word ye mauna lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin ye're ye was in haly chapel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or sained<a name="FNanchor_B_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_63"><sup>[B]</sup></a> in Christentie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The truth I'll tell to thee, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A word I winna lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A knight me got, and a lady me bore,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As well as they did thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Dunbar, Earl March, is thine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We loved when we were children small,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Which yet you well may mind.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When I was a boy just turned of nine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My uncle sent for me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To hunt, and hawk, and ride with him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And keep him cumpanie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There came a wind out of the north,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A sharp wind and a snell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And a dead sleep came over me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And frae my horse I fell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The Queen of Fairies keppit me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In yon green hill to dwell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'm a Fairy, lyth and limb;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Fair ladye, view me well.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But we, that live in Fairy-land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;No sickness know, nor pain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I quit my body when I will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And take to it again.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I quit my body when I please,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or unto it repair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We can inhabit, at our ease,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In either earth or air.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Our shapes and size we can convert,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To either large or small;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An old nut-shell's the same to us,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As is the lofty hall.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We sleep in rose-buds, soft and sweet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;We revel in the stream;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We wanton lightly on the wind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or glide on a sunbeam.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And all our wants are well supplied,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;From every rich man's store,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Who thankless sins the gifts he gets,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And vainly grasps for more.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then would I never tire, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In elfish land to dwell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But aye at every seven years,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They pay the teind to hell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I am sae fat, and fair of flesh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I fear 'twill be mysell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This night is Hallowe'en, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The morn is Hallowday;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, gin ye dare your true love win,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye hae na time to stay.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night it is good Hallowe'en,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;When fairy folk will ride;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And they, that wad their true love win,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;At Miles Cross they maun bide.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But how shall I thee ken, Tamlane?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or how shall I thee knaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Amang so many unearthly knights,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The like I never saw.?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The first company, that passes by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Say na, and let them gae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The next company, that passes by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Say na, and do right sae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The third company, that passes by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Than I'll be ane o' thae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;First let pass the black, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And syne let pass the brown;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But grip ye to the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And pu' the rider down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I ride on the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And ay nearest the town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Because I was a christened knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They gave me that renown.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My right hand will be gloved, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My left hand will be bare;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And these the tokens I gie thee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nae doubt I will be there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An adder and a snake;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, let me not pass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gin ye wad be my maik.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An adder and an ask;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A bale<a name="FNanchor_C_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_64"><sup>[C]</sup></a> that burns fast.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A red-hot gad o' aim;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, let me not pass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I'll do you no harm.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;First, dip me in a stand o' milk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And then in a stand o' water;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, let me not pass&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll be your bairn's father.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, next, they'll shape me in your arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A toad, but and an eel;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, nor let me gang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As you do love me weel.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll shape me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A dove, but and a swan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, last, they'll shape me in your arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A mother-naked man:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Cast your green mantle over me&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll be mysell again.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gloomy, gloomy, was the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And eiry<a name="FNanchor_D_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_65"><sup>[D]</sup></a> was the way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As fair Janet, in her green mantle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To Miles Cross she did gae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The heavens were black, the night was dark,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And dreary was the place;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But Janet stood, with eager wish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her lover to embrace.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Betwixt the hours of twelve and one,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A north wind tore the bent;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And straight she heard strange elritch sounds</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Upon that wind which went.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About the dead hour o' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She heard the bridles ring;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Janet was as glad o' that,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As any earthly thing!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their oaten pipes blew wondrous shrill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The hemlock small blew clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And louder notes from hemlock large,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And bog-reed struck the ear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But solemn sounds, or sober thoughts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The Fairies cannot bear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They sing, inspired with love and joy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Like sky-larks in the air;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of solid sense, or thought that's grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">You'll find no traces there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Janet stood, with mind unmoved,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The dreary heath upon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And louder, louder, wax'd the sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As they came riding on.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will o' Wisp before them went,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sent forth a twinkling light;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And soon she saw the Fairy bands</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">All riding in her sight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And first gaed by the black black steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And then gaed by the brown;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But fast she gript the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And pu'd the rider down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She pu'd him frae the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loot the bridle fa';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And up there raise an erlish<a name="FNanchor_E_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_66"><sup>[E]</sup></a> cry&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;He's won amang us a'!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They shaped him in fair Janet's arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An esk<a name="FNanchor_F_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_67"><sup>[F]</sup></a>, but and an adder;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She held him fast in every shape&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To be her bairn's father.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They shaped him in her arms at last,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A mother-naked man;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She wrapt him in her green mantle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And sae her true love wan.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then spake the Queen o' Fairies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Out o' a bush o' broom&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She that has borrowed young Tamlane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Has gotten a stately groom.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then spake the Queen of Fairies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Out o' a bush of rye&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She's ta'en awa the bonniest knight</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">In a' my cumpanie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had I kenn'd, Tamlane,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A lady wad borrowed thee&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wad ta'en out thy twa gray een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Put in twa een o' tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Had I but kenn'd, Tamlane,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Before ye came frae hame&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wad tane out your heart o' flesh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Put in a heart o' stane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Had I but had the wit yestreen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That I hae coft<a name="FNanchor_G_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_68"><sup>[G]</sup></a> the day&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'd paid my kane seven times to hell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ere you'd been won away!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_62">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The ladies are always represented, in Dunbar's Poems, with
+green mantles and yellow hair. <i>Maitland Poems,</i> Vol. I. p. 45.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_63">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sained</i>&mdash;Hallowed.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_64">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Bale</i>&mdash;A faggot.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_65">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Eiry</i>&mdash;Producing superstitious dread.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_66">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Erlish</i>&mdash;Elritch, ghastly.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_F_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_67">[F]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Esk</i>&mdash;Newt.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_G_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_68">[G]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Coft</i>&mdash;Bought.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE YOUNG TAMLANE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Dunbar, Earl March, is thine,</i> &amp;c.&mdash;P. 185, v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>Both these mighty chiefs were connected with Ettrick Forest, and its
+vicinity. Their memory, therefore, lived in the traditions of the
+country. Randolph, earl of Murray, the renowned nephew of Robert Bruce,
+had a castle at Ha' Guards, in Annandale, and another in Peebles-shire,
+on the borders of the forest, the site of which is still called
+Randall's Walls. Patrick of Dunbar, earl of March, is said by Henry the
+Minstrel, to have retreated to Ettrick Forest, after being defeated by
+Wallace.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And all our wants are well supplied,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>From every rich man's store;</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Who thankless sins the gifts he gets, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;P. 187. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>To <i>sin our gifts, or mercies</i>, means, ungratefully to hold them in
+slight esteem. The idea, that the possessions of the wicked are most
+obnoxious to the depredations of evil spirits, may be illustrated by the
+following tale of a <i>Buttery Spirit</i>, extracted from Thomas Heywood:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>An ancient and virtuous monk came to visit his nephew, an inn-keeper,
+and, after other discourse, enquired into his circumstances. Mine host
+confessed, that, although he practised all the unconscionable tricks of
+his trade, he was still miserably poor. The monk shook his head, and
+asked to see his buttery, or larder. As they looked into it, he rendered
+visible to the astonished host an immense goblin, whose paunch,
+and whole appearance, bespoke his being gorged with food, and who,
+nevertheless, was gormandizing at the innkeeper's expence, emptying
+whole shelves of food, and washing it down with entire hogsheads of
+liquor. &quot;To the depredation of this visitor will thy viands be exposed,&quot;
+quoth the uncle, &quot;until thou shalt abandon fraud, and false reckonings.&quot;
+The monk returned in a year. The host having turned over a new leaf, and
+given christian measure to his customers, was now a thriving man. When
+they again inspected the larder, they saw the same spirit, but woefully
+reduced in size, and in vain attempting to reach at the full plates and
+bottles, which stood around him; starving, in short, like Tantalus, in
+the midst of plenty. Honest Heywood sums up the tale thus:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In this discourse, far be it we should mean</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Spirits by meat are fatted made, or lean;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet certain 'tis, by God's permission, they</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May, over goods extorted, bear like sway.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All such as study fraud, and practise evil,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Do only starve themselves to plumpe the devill.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,</i> p. 577.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>ERLINTON. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is published from the collation of two copies, obtained from
+recitation. It seems to be the rude original, or perhaps a corrupted
+and imperfect copy, of <i>The Child of Elle</i>, a beautiful legendary tale,
+published in the <i>Reliques of Ancient Poetry</i>. It is singular, that
+this charming ballad should have been translated, or imitated, by the
+celebrated B&uuml;rger, without acknowledgment of the English original. As
+<i>The Child of Elle</i> avowedly received corrections, we may ascribe its
+greatest beauties to the poetical taste of the ingenious editor. They
+are in the truest stile of Gothic embellishment. We may compare, for
+example, the following beautiful verse, with the same idea in an old
+romance:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The baron stroked his dark-brown cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And turned his face aside,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To wipe away the starting tear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He proudly strove to hide!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Child of Elle.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>The heathen Soldan, or Amiral, when about to slay two lovers, relents in
+a similar manner:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Weeping, he turned his heued awai,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his swerde hit fel to grounde.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Florice and Blauncheflour.</i></span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>ERLINTON.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Erlinton had a fair daughter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wat he weird her in a great sin,<a name="FNanchor_A_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_69"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he has built a bigly bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' a' to put that lady in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he has warn'd her sisters six,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' sae has he her brethren se'en,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Outher to watch her a' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or else to seek her morn an' e'en.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna been i' that bigly bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Na not a night, but barely ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till there was Willie, her ain true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Chapp'd at the door, cryin', &quot;Peace within!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O whae is this at my bower door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That chaps sae late, nor kens the gin?&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_70"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O it is Willie, your ain true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I pray you rise an' let me in!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But in my bower there is a wake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' at the wake there is a wane;<a name="FNanchor_C_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_71"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I'll come to the green-wood the morn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Whar blooms the brier by mornin' dawn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she's gane to her bed again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Where she has layen till the cock crew thrice,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she said to her sisters a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Maidens, 'tis time for us to rise.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She pat on her back a silken gown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' on her breast a siller pin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' she's tane a sister in ilka hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' to the green-wood she is gane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna walk'd in the green-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Na not a mile but barely ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till there was Willie, her ain true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whae frae her sisters has her ta'en.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took her sisters by the hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He kiss'd them baith, an' sent them hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he's ta'en his true love him behind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And through the green-wood they are gane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hadna ridden in the bonnie green-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Na not a mile but barely ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When there came fifteen o' the boldest knights.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That ever bare flesh, blood, or bane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The foremost was an aged knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He wore the grey hair on his chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says, &quot;Yield to me thy lady bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' thou shalt walk the woods within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For me to yield my lady bright</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To such an aged knight as thee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;People wad think I war gane mad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or a' the courage flown frae me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up then spake the second knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wat he spake right boustouslie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yield me thy life, or thy lady bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or here the tane of us shall die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My lady is my warld's meed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My life I winna yield to nane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if ye be men of your manhead,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye'll only fight me ane by ane.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He lighted aff his milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' gae his lady him by the head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Say'n, &quot;See ye dinna change your cheer;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Until ye see my body bleed.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He set his back unto an aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He set his feet against a stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he has fought these fifteen men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' kill'd them a' but barely ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he has left that aged knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' a' to carry the tidings hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he gaed to his lady fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wat he kiss'd her tenderlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou art mine ain love, I have thee bought;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Now we shall walk the green-wood free.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_69">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Weird her in a great sin</i>&mdash;Placed her in danger of
+committing a great sin.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_70">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Gin</i>&mdash;The slight or trick necessary to open the door, from
+engine.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_71">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Wane</i>&mdash;A number of people.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE TWA CORBIES.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This poem was communicated to me by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq.
+jun. of Hoddom, as written down, from tradition, by a lady. It is a
+singular circumstance, that it should coincide so very nearly with the
+ancient dirge, called <i>The Three Ravens</i>, published by Mr Ritson, in his
+<i>Ancient Songs;</i> and that, at the same time, there should exist such a
+difference, as to make the one appear rather a counterpart than copy of
+the other. In order to enable the curious reader to contrast these two
+singular poems, and to form a judgment which may be the original, I take
+the liberty of copying the English ballad from Mr Ritson's Collection,
+omitting only the burden and repetition of the first line. The learned
+editor states it to be given <i>&quot;From Ravencroft's Metismata. Musical
+phansies, fitting the cittie and country, humours to 3, 4, and 5
+voyces,</i> London, 1611, 4to. It will be obvious (continues Mr Ritson)
+that this ballad is much older, not only than the date of the book, but
+most of the other pieces contained in it.&quot; The music is given with the
+words, and is adapted to four voices:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There were three rauens sat on a tre,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They were as blacke as they might be:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The one of them said to his mate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where shall we our breakfast take?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Downe in yonder greene field,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There lies a knight slain under his shield;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His hounds they lie downe at his feete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;So well they their master keepe;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His haukes they flie so eagerly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's no fowle dare come him nie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Down there comes a fallow doe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As great with yong as she might goe,</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She lift up his bloudy hed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And kist his wounds that were so red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She got him up upon her backe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And carried him to earthen lake.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She buried him before the prime,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She was dead her selfe ere euen song time.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;God send euery gentleman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Such haukes, such houndes, and such a leman.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Ancient Songs,</i> 1792, p. 155.</span><br>
+
+<p>I have seen a copy of this dirge much modernized.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE TWA CORBIES.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As I was walking all alane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I heard twa corbies making a mane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The tane unto the t'other say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where sall we gang and dine to-day?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;In behint yon auld fail<a name="FNanchor_A_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_72"><sup>[A]</sup></a> dyke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wot there lies a new slain knight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And nae body kens that he lies there,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But his hawk, his hound, and lady fair.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His hound is to the hunting gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His hawk to fetch the wild-fowl hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His lady's ta'en another mate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;So we may mak our dinner sweet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye'll sit on his white hause bane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'll pike out his bonny blue een:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wi' ae lock o' his gowden hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll theek<a name="FNanchor_B_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_73"><sup>[B]</sup></a> our nest when it grows bare.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Mony a one for him makes mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But nane sall ken whare he is gane:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O'er his white banes, when they are bare,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The wind sall blaw for evermair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_72">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Fail</i>&mdash;Turf.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_73">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Theek</i>&mdash;Thatch.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The ballad of <i>The Douglas Tragedy</i> is one of the few, to which popular
+tradition has ascribed complete locality. The farm of Blackhouse, in
+Selkirkshire, is said to have been the scene of this melancholy
+event. There are the remains of a very ancient tower, adjacent to
+the farmhouse, in a wild and solitary glen, upon a torrent, named
+Douglas-burn, which joins the Yarrow, after passing a craggy rock,
+called the Douglas-craig. This wild scene, now a part of the Traquair
+estate, formed one of the most ancient possessions of the renowned
+family of Douglas; for Sir John Douglas, eldest son of William,
+the first Lord Douglas, is said to have sat, as baronial lord of
+Douglas-burn, during his father's lifetime, in a parliament of Malcolm
+Canmore, held at Forfar.&mdash;GODSCROFT, Vol. I. p. 20. The tower appears to
+have been square, with a circular turret at one angle, for carrying up
+the staircase, and for flanking the entrance. It is said to have derived
+its name of Blackhouse from the complexion of the lords of Douglas,
+whose swarthy hue was a family attribute. But, when the high mountains,
+by which it is inclosed, were covered with heather, which was the case
+till of late years, Blackhouse must have also merited its appellation
+from the appearance of the scenery.</p>
+
+<p>From this ancient tower Lady Margaret is said to have been carried by
+her lover. Seven large stones, erected upon the neighbouring heights of
+Blackhouse, are shown, as marking the spot where the seven brethren were
+slain; and the Douglas-burn is averred to have been the stream, at which
+the lovers stopped to drink: so minute is tradition in ascertaining the
+scene of a tragical tale, which, considering the rude state of former
+times, had probably foundation in some real event.</p>
+
+<p>Many copies of this ballad are current among the vulgar, but chiefly in
+a state of great corruption; especially such as have been committed to
+the press in the shape of penny pamphlets. One of these is now before
+me, which, among many others, has the ridiculous error of &quot;<i>blue gilded</i>
+horn,&quot; for &quot;<i>bugelet</i> horn.&quot; The copy, principally used in this edition
+of the ballad, was supplied by Mr Sharpe. The three last verses are
+given from the printed copy, and from tradition. The hackneyed verse, of
+the rose and the briar springing from the grave of the lovers, is common
+to most tragic ballads; but it is introduced into this with singular
+propriety, as the chapel of St Mary, whose vestiges may be still traced
+upon the lake, to which it has given name, is said to have been the
+burial place of Lord William and Fair Margaret. The wrath of the Black
+Douglas, which vented itself upon the brier, far surpasses the usual
+stanza:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At length came the clerk of the parish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As you the truth shall hear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And by mischance he cut them down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or else they had still been there.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, now, Lord Douglas,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And put on your armour so bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Let it never be said, that a daughter of thine</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Was married to a lord under night.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, my seven bold sons,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And put on your armour so bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And take better care of your youngest sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For your eldest's awa the last night.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's mounted her on a milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And himself on a dapple grey,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And lightly they rode away.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William lookit o'er his left shoulder,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To see what he could see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there he spy'd her seven brethren bold</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Come riding over the lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Light down, light down, Lady Marg'ret,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And hold my steed in your hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Until that against your seven brethren bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And your father, I mak a stand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She held his steed in her milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And never shed one tear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until that she saw her seven brethren fa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And her father hard fighting, who lov'd her so dear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hold your hand, Lord William!&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For your strokes they are wond'rous sair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;True lovers I can get many a ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But a father I can never get mair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O she's ta'en out her handkerchief,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">It was o' the holland sae fine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ay she dighted her father's bloody wounds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That ware redder than the wine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O chuse, O chuse, Lady Marg'ret,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O whether will ye gang or bide?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll gang, I'll gang, Lord William,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For ye have left me no other guide.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's lifted her on a milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And himself on a dapple grey,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And slowly they baith rade away.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they rade on, and on they rade,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a' by the light of the moon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until they came to yon wan water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And there they lighted down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They lighted down to tak a drink</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Of the spring that ran sae clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And down the stream ran his gude heart's blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And sair she gan to fear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hold up, hold up, Lord William,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I fear that you are slain!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Tis naething but the shadow of my scarlet cloak;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That shines in the water sae plain.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they rade on, and on they rade,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a' by the light of the moon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until they cam' to his mother's ha' door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And there they lighted down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Get up, get up, lady mother,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Get up, and let me in!&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Get up, get up, lady mother,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For this night my fair lady I've win.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mak my bed, lady mother,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O mak it braid and deep!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And lay Lady Marg'ret close at my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And the sounder I will sleep.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William was dead lang ere midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lady Marg'ret lang ere day&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And all true lovers that go thegither,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">May they have mair luck than they!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William was buried in St Marie's kirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lady Margaret in Mary's quire;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out o' the lady's grave grew a bonny red rose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And out o' the knight's a brier.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they twa met, and they twa plat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And fain they wad be near;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And a' the warld might ken right weel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They were twa lovers dear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But bye and rade the Black Douglas,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And wow but he was rough!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he pull'd up the bonny brier,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And flang'd in St Mary's loch.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>YOUNG BENJIE. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>In this ballad the reader will find traces of a singular superstition,
+not yet altogether discredited in the wilder parts of Scotland. The
+lykewake, or watching a dead body, in itself a melancholy office, is
+rendered, in the idea of the assistants, more dismally awful, by the
+mysterious horrors of superstition. In the interval betwixt death and
+interment, the disembodied spirit is supposed to hover around its mortal
+habitation, and, if invoked by certain rites, retains the power of
+communicating, through its organs, the cause of its dissolution. Such
+enquiries, however are always dangerous, and never to be resorted to
+unless the deceased is suspected to have suffered <i>foul play</i>, as it
+is called. It is the more unsafe to tamper with this charm, in an
+unauthorized manner; because the inhabitants of the infernal regions
+are, at such periods, peculiarly active. One of the most potent
+ceremonies in the charm, for causing the dead body to speak, is, setting
+the door ajar, or half open. On this account, the peasants of Scotland
+sedulously avoid leaving the door ajar, while a corpse lies in the
+house. The door must either be left wide open, or quite shut; but the
+first is always preferred, on account of the exercise of hospitality
+usual on such occasions. The attendants must be likewise careful never
+to leave the corpse for a moment alone, or, if it is left alone, to
+avoid, with a degree of superstitious horror, the first sight of it.
+The following story, which is frequently related by the peasants of
+Scotland, will illustrate the imaginary danger of leaving the door ajar.
+In former times, a man and his wife lived in a solitary cottage, on one
+of the extensive border fells. One day, the husband died suddenly; and
+his wife, who was equally afraid of staying alone by the corpse, or
+leaving the dead body by itself, repeatedly went to the door, and
+looked anxiously over the lonely moor, for the sight of some person
+approaching. In her confusion and alarm, she accidentally left the door
+ajar, when the corpse suddenly started up, and sat in the bed, frowning
+and grinning at her frightfully. She sat alone, crying bitterly, unable
+to avoid the fascination of the dead man's eye, and too much terrified
+to break the sullen silence, till a catholic priest, passing over the
+wild, entered the cottage. He first set the door quite open, then put
+his little finger in his mouth, and said the paternoster backwards; when
+the horrid look of the corpse relaxed, it fell back on the bed, and
+behaved itself as a dead man ought to do.</p>
+
+<p>The ballad is given from tradition.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>YOUNG BENJIE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of a' the maids o' fair Scotland,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fairest was Marjorie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And young Benjie was her ae true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a dear true love was he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wow! but they were lovers dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loved fu' constantlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But ay the mair when they fell out,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The sairer was their plea.<a name="FNanchor_A_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_74"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae quarrelled on a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Till Marjorie's heart grew wae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she said she'd chuse another luve,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And let young Benjie gae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he was stout,<a name="FNanchor_B_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_75"><sup>[B]</sup></a> and proud-hearted,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And thought o't bitterlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's ga'en by the wan moon-light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To meet his Marjorie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O open, open, my true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O open, and let me in!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I dare na open, young Benjie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My three brothers are within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye lied, ye lied, ye bonny burd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Sae loud's I hear ye lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As I came by the Lowden banks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They bade gude e'en to me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But fare ye weel, my ae fause love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That I hae loved sae lang!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It sets<a name="FNanchor_C_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_76"><sup>[C]</sup></a> ye chuse another love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And let young Benjie gang.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Marjorie turned her round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The tear blinding her ee,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I darena, darena, let thee in,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But I'll come down to thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then saft she smiled, and said to him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O what ill hae I done?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took her in his armis twa,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And threw her o'er the linn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The stream was strang, the maid was stout,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And laith laith to be dang,<a name="FNanchor_D_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_77"><sup>[D]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, ere she wan the Lowden banks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her fair colour was wan.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up bespak her eldest brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O see na ye what I see?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out then spak her second brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Its our sister Marjorie!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out then spak her eldest brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O how shall we her ken?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out then spak her youngest brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;There's a honey mark on her chin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they've ta'en up the comely corpse,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And laid it on the ground&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has killed our ae sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And how can he be found?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night it is her low lykewake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The morn her burial day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And we maun watch at mirk midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And hear what she will say.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' doors ajar, and candle light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And torches burning clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The streikit corpse, till still midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They waked, but naething hear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About the middle o' the night.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The cocks began to craw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And at the dead hour o' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The corpse began to thraw.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has done the wrang, sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or dared the deadly sin?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wha was sae stout, and feared nae dout,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As thraw ye o'er the linn?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Young Benjie was the first ae man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I laid my love upon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He was sae stout and proud-hearted,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;He threw me o'er the linn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sall we young Benjie head, sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Sall we young Benjie hang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or sall we pike out his twa gray een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And punish him ere he gang?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye mauna Benjie head, brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye mauna Benjie hang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But ye maun pike out his twa gray een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And punish him ere he gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tie a green gravat round his neck,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And lead him out and in,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the best ae servant about your house</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To wait young Benjie on.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ay, at every seven year's end,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye'll tak him to the linn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For that's the penance he maun drie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To scug<a name="FNanchor_E_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_78"><sup>[E]</sup></a> his deadly sin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_74">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Plea</i>&mdash;Used obliquely for <i>dispute</i>.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_75">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Stout</i>&mdash;Through this whole ballad, signifies <i>haughty</i>.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_76">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sets ye</i>&mdash;Becomes you&mdash;ironical.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_77">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Dang</i>&mdash;defeated.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_78">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Scug</i>&mdash;shelter or expiate.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LADY ANNE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad was communicated to me by Mr Kirkpatrick Sharpe of Hoddom,
+who mentions having copied it from an old magazine. Although it has
+probably received some modern corrections, the general turn seems to
+be ancient, and corresponds with that of a fragment, containing the
+following verses, which I have often heard sung in my childhood:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She set her back against a thorn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there she has her young son borne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O smile nae sae, my bonny babe!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An ye smile sae sweet, ye'll smile me dead.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' when that lady went to the church,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She spied a naked boy in the porch,</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O bonnie boy, an' ye were mine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'd clead ye in the silks sae fine.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mither dear, when I was thine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To me ye were na half sae kind.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<p>Stories of this nature are very common in the annals of popular
+superstition. It is, for example, currently believed in Ettrick Forest,
+that a libertine, who had destroyed fifty-six inhabited houses, in order
+to throw the possessions of the cottagers into his estate, and who added
+to this injury, that of seducing their daughters, was wont to commit, to
+a carrier in the neighbourhood, the care of his illegitimate children,
+shortly after they were born. His emissary regularly carried them away,
+but they were never again heard of. The unjust and cruel gains of the
+profligate laird were dissipated by his extravagance, and the ruins of
+his house seem to bear witness to the truth of the rhythmical prophecies
+denounced against it, and still current among the peasantry. He himself
+died an untimely death; but the agent of his amours and crimes survived
+to extreme old age. When on his death-bed, he seemed much oppressed in
+mind, and sent for a clergyman to speak peace to his departing spirit:
+but, before the messenger returned, the man was in his last agony;
+and the terrified assistants had fled from his cottage, unanimously
+averring, that the wailing of murdered infants had ascended from behind
+his couch, and mingled with the groans of the departing sinner.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LADY ANNE</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair lady Anne sate in her bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Down by the greenwood side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the flowers did spring, and the birds did sing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">'Twas the pleasant May-day tide.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But fair lady Anne on sir William call'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">With the tear grit in her e'e,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O though thou be fause, may heaven thee guard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;In the wars ayont the sea!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out of the wood came three bonnie boys,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Upon the simmer's morn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they did sing, and play at the ba',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As naked as they were born.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O seven lang year was I sit here,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Amang the frost and snaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A' to hae but ane o' these bonnie boys,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A playing at the ba'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the eldest boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Now listen, thou fair ladie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ponder well the read that I tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Then make ye a choice of the three.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Tis I am Peter, and this is Paul,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And that are, sae fair to see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But a twelve-month sinsyne to paradise came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;To join with our companie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I will hae the snaw-white boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;The bonniest of the three.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I were thine, and in thy propine,<a name="FNanchor_A_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_79"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;O what wad ye do to me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Tis I wad clead thee in silk and gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And nourice thee on my knee.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mither! mither! when I was thine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Sic kindness I could na see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Before the turf, where I now stand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;The fause nurse buried me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy cruel penknife sticks still in my heart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And I come not back to thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_79">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Propine</i>&mdash;Usually gift, but here the power of giving or
+bestowing.</p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD WILLIAM</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad was communicated to me by Mr James Hogg; and, although it
+bears a strong resemblance to that of <i>Earl Richard</i>, so strong, indeed,
+as to warrant a supposition, that the one has been derived from the
+other, yet its intrinsic merit seems to warrant its insertion. Mr Hogg
+has added the following note, which, in the course of my enquiries, I
+have found most fully corroborated.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I am fully convinced of the antiquity of this song; for, although much
+of the language seems somewhat modernized, this must be attributed
+to its currency, being much liked, and very much sung, in this
+neighbourhood. I can trace it back several generations, but cannot
+hear of its ever having been in print. I have never heard it with any
+considerable variation, save that one reciter called the dwelling of the
+feigned sweetheart, <i>Castleswa</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD WILLIAM</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William was the bravest knight</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That dwait in fair Scotland,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, though renowned in France and Spain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Fell by a ladie's hand.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As she was walking maid alone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Down by yon shady wood.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She heard a smit<a name="FNanchor_A_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_80"><sup>[A]</sup></a> o' bridle reins,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She wish'd might be for good.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come to my arms, my dear Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;You're welcome hame to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To best o' chear and charcoal red,<a name="FNanchor_B_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_81"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And candle burnin' free.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I winna light, I darena light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Nor come to your arms at a';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer maid than ten o' you,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;I'll meet at Castle-law.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer maid than me, Willie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;A fairer maid than me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer maid than ten o' me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Your eyes did never see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He louted owr his saddle lap,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To kiss her ere they part,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wi' a little keen bodkin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">She pierced him to the heart.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ride on, ride on, lord William, now,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;As fast as ye can dree!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your bonny lass at Castle-law</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Will weary you to see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out up then spake a bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Sat high upon a tree,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">How could you kill that noble lord?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;He came to marry thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come down, come down, my bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And eat bread aff my hand!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your cage shall be of wiry goud,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Whar now its but the wand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Keep ye your cage o' goud, lady,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And I will keep my tree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As ye hae done to lord William.,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Sae wad ye do to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She set her foot on her door step,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A bonny marble stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And carried him to her chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">O'er him to make her mane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has kept that good lord's corpse</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Three quarters of a year,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until that word began to spread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Then she began to fear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she cried on her waiting maid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Ay ready at her ca';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There is a knight unto my bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;'Tis time he were awa.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ane has ta'en him by the head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The ither by the feet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thrown him in the wan water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That ran baith wide and deep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Look back, look back, now, lady fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;On him that lo'ed ye weel!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A better man than that blue corpse</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Ne'er drew a sword of steel.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_80">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Smit</i>&mdash;Clashing noise, from smite&mdash;hence also <i>(perhaps)</i>
+Smith and Smithy.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_81">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Charcoal red</i>&mdash;This circumstance marks the antiquity of
+the poem. While wood was plenty in Scotland, charcoal was the usual fuel
+in the chambers of the wealthy.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BROOMFIELD HILL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The concluding verses of this ballad were inserted in the copy of
+<i>Tamlane</i>, given to the public in the first edition of this work. They
+are now restored to their proper place. Considering how very apt the
+most accurate reciters are to patch up one ballad with verses from
+another, the utmost caution cannot always avoid such errors.</p>
+
+<p>A more sanguine antiquary than the editor might perhaps endeavour to
+identify this poem, which is of undoubted antiquity, with the <i>&quot;Broom
+Broom on Hill,&quot;</i> mentioned by Lane, in his <i>Progress of Queen Elizabeth
+into Warwickshire</i>, as forming part of Captain's Cox's collection,
+so much envied by the black-letter antiquaries of the present
+day.&mdash;<i>Dugdale's Warwickshire,</i> p. 166. The same ballad is quoted by one
+of the personages, in a &quot;very mery and pythie comedie,&quot; called <i>&quot;The
+longer thou livest, the more fool thou art.&quot;</i> See Ritson's Dissertation,
+prefixed to <i>Ancient Songs,</i> p. lx. &quot;Brume brume on hill,&quot; is also
+mentioned in the <i>Complayat of Scotland</i>. See Leyden's edition, p. 100.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BROOMFIELD HILL.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was a knight and a lady bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Had a true tryste at the broom;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ane ga'ed early in the morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The other in the afternoon.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ay she sat in her mother's bower door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ay she made her mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Oh whether should I gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or should I stay at hame?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For if I gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My maidenhead is gone;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I chance to stay at hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My love will ca' me mansworn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then spake a witch woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ay from the room aboon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, ye may gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And yet come maiden hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, when ye gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye'll find your love asleep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;With a silver-belt about his head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a broom-cow at his feet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Take ye the blossom of the broom,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The blossom it smells sweet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And strew it at your true love's head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And likewise at his feet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Take ye the rings off your fingers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Put them on his right hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To let him know, when he doth awake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;His love was at his command.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She pu'd the broom flower on Hive-hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And strew'd on's white hals bane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And that was to be wittering true,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That maiden she had gane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where were ye, my milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That I hae coft sae dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That wadna watch and waken me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;When there was maiden here?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I stamped wi' my foot, master,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And gar'd my bridle ring;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But na kin' thing wald waken ye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till she was past and gane.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wae betide ye, my gay goss hawk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That I did love sae dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That wadna watch and waken me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;When there was maiden here.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I clapped wi' my wings, master,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And aye my bells I rang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And aye cry'd, waken, waken, master,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Before the ladye gang.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But haste and haste, my good white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To come the maiden till,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or a' the birds, of gude green wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Of your flesh shall have their fill.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye need na burst your good white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' racing o'er the howm;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nae bird flies faster through the wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than she fled through the broom.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>PROUD LADY MARGARET.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This Ballad was communicated to the Editor by Mr.</i> HAMILTON,
+<i>Music-seller, Edinburgh, with whose Mother it had been a, favourite.
+Two verses and one line were wanting, which are here supplied from a
+different Ballad, having a plot somewhat similar. These verses are the
+6th and 9th.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twas on a night, an evening bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">When the dew began to fa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady Margaret was walking up and down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Looking o'er her castle wa'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She looked east, and she looked west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To see what she could spy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When a gallant knight came in her sight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to the gate drew nigh.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;You seem to be no gentleman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;You wear your boots so wide;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But you seem to be some cunning hunter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;You wear the horn so syde.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_82"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am no cunning hunter,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor ne'er intend to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am come to this castle</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To seek the love of thee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if you do not grant me love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This night for thee I'll die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If you should die for me, sir knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;There's few for you will mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For mony a better has died for me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Whose graves are growing green.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But ye maun read my riddle,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And answer my questions three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And but ye read them right,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gae stretch ye out and die.&mdash;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, what is the flower, the ae first flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Springs either on moor or dale?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And what is the bird, the bonnie bonnie bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sings on the evening gale?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The primrose is the ae first flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Springs either on moor or dale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the thistlecock is the bonniest bird;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sings on the evening gale.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But what's the little coin,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wald buy my castle bound?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And what's the little boat,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Can sail the world all round?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hey, how mony small pennies</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Make thrice three thousand pound?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or hey, how mony small fishes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Swim a' the salt sea round.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I think you maun be my match,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My match, and something mair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;You are the first e'er got the grant</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of love frae my father's heir.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My mother lady of three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And there's nane to heir but me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And round about a' thae castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;You may baith plow and saw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And on the fifteenth day of May,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The meadows they will maw.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald your tongue, lady Margaret,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For loud I hear you lie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Your mother was lady of three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But ye fa' heir to but three.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And round about a' thae castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;You may baith plow and saw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But on the fifteenth day of May</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The meadows will not maw.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am your brother Willie,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I trow ye ken na me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I came to humble your haughty heart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Has gar'd sae mony die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If ye be my brother Willie,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As I trow weel ye be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This night I'll neither eat nor drink,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But gae alang wi' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hold your tongue, lady Margaret,&quot; he said.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Again I hear you lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For ye've unwashen hands, and ye've unwashen feet,<a name="FNanchor_B_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_83"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To gae to clay wi' me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For the wee worms are my bedfellows,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And cauld clay is my sheets;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And when the stormy winds do blow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My body lies and sleeps.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_82">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Syde</i>&mdash;Long or low.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_83">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Unwashen hands and unwashen feet</i>&mdash;Alluding to the custom
+of washing and dressing dead bodies.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE ORIGINAL BALLAD OF THE BROOM OF COWDENKNOWS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>The beautiful air of Cowdenknows is well known and popular. In Ettrick
+Forest the following words are uniformly adapted to the tune, and seem
+to be the original ballad. An edition of this pastoral tale, differing
+considerably from the present copy, was published by Mr.</i> HERD, <i>in 1772.
+Cowdenknows is situated upon the river Leader, about four miles from
+Melrose, and is now the property of Dr</i> HUME.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O the broom, and the bonny bonny broom,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And the broom of the Cowdenknows!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye sae sweet as the lassie sang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I' the bought, milking the ewes.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The hills were high on ilka side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' the bought i' the lirk o' the hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye, as she sang, her voice it rang</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out o'er the head o' yon hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was a troop o' gentlemen</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came riding merrilie by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And one of them has rode out o' the way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To the bought to the bonny may.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel may ye save an' see, bonny lass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' weel may ye save an' see.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' sae wi' you, ye weel-bred knight,&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And what's your will wi' me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night is misty and mirk, fair may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And I have ridden astray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And will ye be so kind, fair may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As come out and point my way?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ride out, ride out, ye ramp rider!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Your steed's baith stout and strang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For out of the bought I dare na come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For fear 'at ye do me wrang.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O winna ye pity me, bonny lass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O winna ye pity me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' winna ye pity my poor steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Stands trembling at yon tree?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wadna pity your poor steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Tho' it were tied to a thorn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For if ye wad gain my love the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye wad slight me ere the morn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I ken you by your weel-busked hat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And your merrie twinkling e'e,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That ye're the laird o' the Oakland hills,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' ye may weel seem for to be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am not the laird o' the Oakland hills,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye're far mista'en o' me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I'm are o' the men about his house,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' right aft in his companie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the middle jimp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And by the grass-green sleeve;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's lifted her over the fauld dyke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And speer'd at her sma' leave.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's ta'en out a purse o' gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And streek'd her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, take ye that, my bonnie may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Of me till you hear mair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's leapt on his berry-brown steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' soon he's o'erta'en his men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ane and a' cried out to him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O master, ye've tarry'd lang!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I hae been east, and I hae been west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' I hae been far o'er the know,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But the bonniest lass that ever I saw</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Is i'the bought milking the ewes.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She set the cog<a name="FNanchor_A_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_84"><sup>[A]</sup></a> upon her head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' she's gane singing hame&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where hae ye been, my ae daughter?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye hae na been your lane.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O nae body was wi' me, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O nae body has been wi' me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night is misty and mirk, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye may gang to the door and see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But wae be to your ewe-herd, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And an ill deed may he die;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He bug the bought at the back o' the know,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a tod<a name="FNanchor_B_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_85"><sup>[B]</sup></a> has frighted me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There came a tod to the bought-door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The like I never saw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ere he had tane the lamb he did,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I had lourd he had ta'en them a'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O whan fifteen weeks was come and gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fifteen weeks and three.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That lassie began to look thin and pale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' to long for his merry twinkling e'e.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It fell on a day, on a het simmer day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She was ca'ing out her father's kye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By came a troop o' gentlemen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' merrilie riding bye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel may ye save an' see, bonny may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Weel may ye save and see!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel I wat, ye be a very bonny may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But whae's aught that babe ye are wi'?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Never a word could that lassie say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For never a ane could she blame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' never a word could the lassie say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But &quot;I have a good man at hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye lied, ye lied, my very bonny may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae loud as I hear you lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For dinna ye mind that misty night</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I was i' the bought wi' thee?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ken you by your middle sae jimp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' your merry twinkling e'e,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That ye're the bonny lass i'the Cowdenknow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' ye may weel seem for to be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than he's leap'd off his berry-brown steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' he's set that fair may on&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Caw out your kye, gude father, yoursell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For she's never caw them out again.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am the laird of the Oakland hills,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I hae thirty plows and three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ah' I hae gotten the bonniest lass</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That's in a' the south country.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_84">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Cog</i>&mdash;Milking-pail.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_85">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Tod</i>&mdash;Fox.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD RANDAL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>There is a beautiful air to this old ballad. The hero is more generally
+termed <i>Lord Ronald;</i> but I willingly follow the authority of an Ettrick
+Forest copy for calling him <i>Randal;</i> because, though the circumstances
+are so very different, I think it not impossible, that the ballad may
+have originally regarded the death of Thomas Randolph, or Randal, earl
+of Murray, nephew to Robert Bruce, and governor of Scotland. This great
+warrior died at Musselburgh, 1332, at the moment when his services were
+most necessary to his country, already threatened by an English army.
+For this sole reason, perhaps, our historians obstinately impute his
+death to poison. See <i>The Bruce</i>, book xx. Fordun repeats, and Boece
+echoes, this story, both of whom charge the murder on Edward III. But it
+is combated successfully by Lord Hailes, in his <i>Remarks on the History
+of Scotland</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The substitution of some venomous reptile for food, or putting it into
+liquor, was anciently supposed to be a common mode of administering
+poison; as appears from the following curious account of the death of
+King John, extracted from a MS. Chronicle of England, <i>penes</i> John
+Clerk, esq. advocate. &quot;And, in the same tyme, the pope sente into
+Englond a legate, that men cald Swals, and he was prest cardinal of
+Rome, for to mayntene King Johnes cause agens the barons of Englond; but
+the barons had so much pte (<i>poustie</i>, i.e. power) through Lewys, the
+kinges sone of Fraunce, that King Johne wist not wher for to wend ne
+gone: and so hitt fell, that he wold have gone to Suchold; and as he
+went thedurward, he come by the abbey of Swinshed, and ther he abode II
+dayes. And, as he sate at meat, he askyd a monke of the house, how moche
+a lofe was worth, that was before hym sete at the table? and the monke
+sayd that loffe was worthe bot ane halfpenny. 'O!' quod the kyng, 'this
+is a grette cheppe of brede; now,' said the king, 'and yff I may, such a
+loffe shalle be worth xxd. or half a yer be gone:' and when he said the
+word, muche he thought, and ofte tymes sighed, and nome and ete of the
+bred, and said, 'By Gode, the word that I have spokyn shall be sothe.'
+The monke, that stode befor the kyng, was ful sory in his hert; and
+thought rather he wold himself suffer peteous deth; and thought yff
+he myght ordeyn therfore sum remedy. And anon the monke went unto his
+abbott, and was schryvyd of him, and told the abbott all that the kyng
+said, and prayed his abbott to assoyl him, for he wold gyffe the kyng
+such a wassayle, that all Englond shuld be glad and joyful therof. Tho
+went the monke into a gardene, and fond a tode therin; and toke her upp,
+and put hyr in a cuppe, and filled it with good ale, and pryked hyr in
+every place, in the cuppe, till the venome come out in every place; an
+brought hitt befor the kyng, and knelyd, and said, 'Sir, wassayle; for
+never in your lyfe drancke ye of such a cuppe,' 'Begyne, monke,' quod
+the king; and the monke dranke a gret draute, and toke the kyng the
+cuppe, and the kyng also drank a grett draute, and set downe the
+cuppe.&mdash;The monke anon went to the Farmarye, and ther dyed anon, on
+whose soule God have mercy, Amen. And v monkes syng for his soule
+especially, and shall while the abbey stondith. The kyng was anon ful
+evil at ese, and comaunded to remove the table, and askyd after the
+monke; and men told him that he was ded, for his wombe was broke in
+sondur. When the king herd this tidyng, he comaunded for to trusse; but
+all hit was for nought, for his bely began to swelle for the drink that
+he dranke, that he dyed within II dayes, the moro aftur Seynt Luke's
+day.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A different account of the poisoning of King John is given in a MS.
+Chronicle of England, written in the minority of Edward III., and
+contained in the Auchinleck MS. of Edinburgh. Though not exactly to our
+present purpose, the passage is curious, and I shall quote it without
+apology. The author has mentioned the interdict laid on John's kingdom
+by the pope, and continues thus:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He was ful wroth and grim,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For no prest wald sing for him</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He made tho his parlement,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And swore his <i>croy de verament</i>,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he shuld make such assaut,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To fede all Inglonde with a spand.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And eke with a white lof,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Therefore I hope<a name="FNanchor_A_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_86"><sup>[A]</sup></a> he was God-loth.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A monk it herd of Swines-heued,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And of this wordes he was adred,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He went hym to his fere,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seyd to hem in this manner;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The king has made a sori oth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he schal with a white lof</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fede al Inglonde, and with a spand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Y wis it were a sori saut;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And better is that we die to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than al Inglond be so wo.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ye schul for me belles ring,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And after wordes rede and sing;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So helpe you God, heven king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Granteth me alle now mill asking,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Ichim wil with puseoun slo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ne schal he never Inglond do wo.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His brethren him graunt alle his bone.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He let him shrive swithe sone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To make his soule fair and cleue,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To for our leuedi heven queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That sche schuld for him be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To for her son in trinit&eacute;.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dansimond zede and gadred frut,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For sothe were plommes white,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The steles<a name="FNanchor_B_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_87"><sup>[B]</sup></a> he puld out everichon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Puisoun he dede therin anon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sett the steles al ogen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That the gile schuld nought be sen.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He dede hem in a coupe of gold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And went to the kinges bord;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On knes he him sett,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king full fair he grett;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sir,&quot; he said, &quot;by Seynt Austin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This is front of our garden,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gif that your wil be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Assayet herof after me.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dansimoud ete frut, on and on,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And al tho other ete King Jon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The monke aros, and went his way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">God gif his soule wel gode day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He gaf King Jon ther his puisoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Himself had that ilk doun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He dede, it is nouther for mirthe ne ond,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot for to save al Iuglond.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The King Jon sate at mete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His wombe to wex grete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He swore his oth, <i>per la croyde</i>,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His wombe wald brest a thre;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He wald have risen fram the bord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac he spake never more word;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thus ended his time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Y wis he had an evel fine.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_86">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Hope, for think.</i></p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_87">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Steles</i>&mdash;Stalks.</p></div>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, from such old chronicles, has drawn his authority for the
+last fine scene in <i>King John</i>. But he probably had it from Caxton, who
+uses nearly the words of the prose chronicle. Hemingford tells the same
+tale with the metrical historian. It is certain, that John increased the
+flux, of which he died, by the intemperate use of peaches and of ale,
+which may have given rise to the story of the poison.&mdash;See MATTHEW
+PARIS.</p>
+
+<p>To return to the ballad: there is a very similar song, in which,
+apparently to excite greater interest in the nursery, the handsome young
+hunter is exchanged for a little child, poisoned by a false step-mother.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD RANDAL.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where hae ye been, Lord Randal, my son?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where hae ye been, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hae been to the wild wood; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where gat ye your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where gat ye your dinner, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I din'd wi' my true-love; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What gat ye to your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What gat ye to your dinner, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I gat eels boil'd in broo'; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What became of your bloodhounds, Lord Randal, my son?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What became of your bloodhounds, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O they swell'd and they died; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I fear ye are poison'd, Lord Randal, my son!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I fear ye are poison'd, my handsome young man!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O yes! I am poison'd; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>SIR HUGH LE BLOND.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is a northern composition, and seems to have been the
+original of the legend called <i>Sir Aldingar</i>, which is printed in the
+<i>Reliques of Antient Poetry</i>. The incidents are nearly the same in both
+ballads, excepting that, in <i>Aldingar</i>, an angel combats for the queen,
+instead of a mortal champion. The names of <i>Aldingar</i> and <i>Rodingham</i>
+approach near to each other in sound, though not in orthography, and the
+one might, by reciters, be easily substituted for the other.</p>
+
+<p>The tradition, upon which the ballad is founded, is universally current
+in the Mearns; and the editor is informed, that, till very lately, the
+sword, with which Sir Hugh le Blond was believed to have defended
+the life and honour of the queen, was carefully preserved by his
+descendants, the viscounts of Arbuthnot. That Sir Hugh of Arbuthnot
+lived in the thirteenth century, is proved by his having, in 1282,
+bestowed the patronage of the church of Garvoch upon the monks of
+Aberbrothwick, for the safety of his soul.&mdash;<i>Register of Aberbrothwick,
+quoted by Crawford in Peerage.</i> But I find no instance in history, in
+which the honour of a queen of Scotland was committed to the chance of
+a duel. It is true, that Mary, wife of Alexander II., was, about 1242,
+somewhat implicated in a dark story, concerning the murder of Patrick,
+earl of Athole, burned in his lodging at Haddington, where he had gone
+to attend a great tournament. The relations of the deceased baron
+accused of the murder Sir William Bisat, a powerful nobleman, who
+appears to have been in such high favour with the young queen, that
+she offered her oath, as a compurgator, to prove his innocence. Bisat
+himself stood upon his defence, and proffered the combat to his
+accusers; but he was obliged to give way to the tide, and was banished
+from Scotland. This affair interested all the northern barons; and it
+is not impossible, that some share, taken in it by this Sir Hugh de
+Arbuthnot, may have given a slight foundation for the tradition of the
+country.&mdash;WINTON, B. vii. ch. 9. Or, if we suppose Sir Hugh le Blond
+to be a predecessor of the Sir Hugh who flourished in the thirteenth
+century, he may have been the victor in a duel, shortly noticed as
+having occurred in 1154, when one Arthur, accused of treason, was
+unsuccessful in his appeal to the judgment of God. <i>Arthurus regem
+Malcolm proditurus duello periit.</i> Chron. Sanctae Crucis ap. Anglia
+Sacra, Vol. I. p. 161.</p>
+
+<p>But, true or false, the incident, narrated in the ballad, is in the
+genuine style of chivalry. Romances abound with similar instances, nor
+are they wanting in real history. The most solemn part of a knight's
+oath was to defend &quot;all widows, orphelines, and maidens of gude
+fame.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_88"><sup>[A]</sup></a>&mdash;LINDSAY'S <i>Heraldry, MS.</i> The love of arms was a real
+passion of itself, which blazed yet more fiercely when united with the
+enthusiastic admiration of the fair sex. The knight of Chaucer exclaims,
+with chivalrous energy,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To fight for a lady! a benedicite!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It were a lusty sight for to see.</span><br>
+
+<p>It was an argument, seriously urged by Sir John of Heinault, for making
+war upon Edward II., in behalf of his banished wife, Isabella, that
+knights were bound to aid, to their uttermost power, all distressed
+damsels, living without council or comfort.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_88">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Such an oath is still taken by the Knights of the Bath;
+but, I believe, few of that honourable brotherhood will now consider it
+quite so obligatory as the conscientious Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who
+gravely alleges it as a sufficient reason for having challenged divers
+cavaliers, that they had either snatched from a lady her bouquet, or
+ribband, or, by some discourtesy of similar importance, placed her, as
+his lordship conceived, in the predicament of a distressed damozell.</p></div>
+
+<p>An apt illustration of the ballad would have been the combat, undertaken
+by three Spanish champions against three Moors of Granada, in defence of
+the honour of the queen of Granada, wife to Mohammed Chiquito, the last
+monarch of that kingdom. But I have not at hand <i>Las Guerras Civiles
+de Granada</i>, in which that atchievement is recorded. Raymond Berenger,
+count of Barcelona, is also said to have defended, in single combat, the
+life and honour of the Empress Matilda, wife of the Emperor Henry V.,
+and mother to Henry II. of England.&mdash;See ANTONIO ULLOA, <i>del vero Honore
+Militare</i>, Venice, 1569.</p>
+
+<p>A less apocryphal example is the duel, fought in 1387, betwixt Jaques le
+Grys and John de Carogne, before the king of France. These warriors were
+retainers of the earl of Alencon, and originally sworn brothers. John de
+Carogne went over the sea, for the advancement of his fame, leaving in
+his castle a beautiful wife, where she lived soberly and sagely. But
+the devil entered into the heart of Jaques le Grys, and he rode, one
+morning, from the earl's house to the castle of his friend, where he was
+hospitably received by the unsuspicious lady. He requested her to
+show him the donjon, or keep of the castle, and in that remote and
+inaccessible tower forcibly violated her chastity. He then mounted his
+horse, and returned to the earl of Alencon within so short a space, that
+his absence had not been perceived. The lady abode within the donjon,
+weeping bitterly, and exclaiming, &quot;Ah Jaques! it was not well done thus
+to shame me! but on you shall the shame rest, if God send my husband
+safe home!&quot; The lady kept secret this sorrowful deed until her husband's
+return from his voyage. The day passed, and night came, and the knight
+went to bed; but the lady would not; for ever she blessed herself,
+and walked up and down the chamber, studying and musing, until her
+attendants had retired; and then, throwing herself on her knees before
+the knight, she shewed him all the adventure. Hardly would Carogne
+believe the treachery of his companion; but, when convinced, he replied,
+&quot;Since it is so, lady, I pardon you; but the knight shall die for this
+villainous deed.&quot; Accordingly, Jaques le Grys was accused of the crime,
+in the court of the earl of Alencon. But, as he was greatly loved of
+his lord, and as the evidence was very slender, the earl gave judgment
+against the accusers. Hereupon John Carogne appealed to the parliament
+of Paris; which court, after full consideration, appointed the case to
+be tried by mortal combat betwixt the parties, John Carogne appearing as
+the champion of his lady. If he failed in his combat, then was he to
+be hanged, and his lady burned, as false and unjust calumniators. This
+combat, under circumstances so very peculiar, attracted universal
+attention; in so much, that the king of France and his peers, who were
+then in Flanders, collecting troops for an invasion of England, returned
+to Paris, that so notable a duel might be fought in the royal presence.
+&quot;Thus the kynge, and his uncles, and the constable, came to Parys. Then
+the lystes were made in a place called Saynt Katheryne, behinde the
+Temple. There was soo moche people, that it was mervayle to beholde; and
+on the one side of the lystes there was made gret scaffoldes, that the
+lordes might the better se the batayle of the ii champion; and so they
+bothe came to the felde, armed at all peaces, and there eche of them was
+set in theyr chayre; the erle of Saynt Poule gouverned John of Carongne,
+and the erle of Alanson's company with Jacques le Grys; and when the
+knyght entred in to the felde, he came to his wyfe, who was there
+syttynge in a chayre, covered in blacke, and he sayd to her thus:&mdash;Dame,
+by your enformacyon, and in your quarrell, I do put my lyfe in
+adventure, as to fyght with Jacques le Grys; ye knowe, if the cause be
+just and true.'&mdash;'Syr,' sayd the lady, 'it is as I have sayd; wherefore
+ye maye fyght surely; the cause is good and true.' With those wordes,
+the knyghte kissed the lady, and toke her by the hande, and then blessyd
+hym, and soo entred into the felde. The lady sate styll in the blacke
+chayre, in her prayers to God, and to the vyrgyne Mary, humbly prayenge
+them, by theyr specyall grace, to send her husbande the victory,
+accordynge to the ryght. She was in gret hevynes, for she was not sure
+of her lyfe; for, if her husbande sholde have ben dyscomfyted, she was
+judged, without remedy, to be brente, and her husbande hanged. I cannot
+say whether she repented her or not, as the matter was so forwarde, that
+both she and her husbande were in grete peryll: howbeit, fynally, she
+must as then abyde the adventure. Then these two champyons were set
+one agaynst another, and so mounted on theyr horses, and behauved them
+nobly; for they knewe what perteyned to deades of armes. There were
+many lordes and knyghtes of Fraunce, that were come thyder to se that
+batayle. The two champyons justed at theyr fyrst metyng, but none of
+them dyd hurte other; and, after the justes, they lyghted on foote to
+periournie theyr batayle, and soo fought valyauntly.&mdash;And fyrst, John of
+Carongne was hurt in the thyghe, whereby al his frendes were in grete
+fere; but, after that, he fought so valyauntly, that he bette down his
+adversary to the erthe, and threst his swerde in his body, and soo slewe
+hyrn in the felde; and then he demaunded, if he had done his devoyse or
+not? and they answered, that he had valyauntly atchieved his batayle.
+Then Jacques le Grys was delyuered to the hangman of Parys, and he drewe
+hym to the gybbet of Mountfawcon, and there hanged him up. Then John of
+Carongne came before the kynge, and kneled downe, and the kynge made
+him to stand up before hym; and, the same daye, the kynge caused to
+be delyvred to him a thousande franks, and reteyned him to be of his
+chambre, with a pencyon of ii hundred pounde by yere, durynge the terme
+of his lyfe. Then he thanked the kynge and the lordes, and went to his
+wyfe, and kissed her; and then they wente togyder to the chyrche of our
+ladye, in Parys, and made theyr offerynge, and then retourned to their
+lodgynges. Then this Sir John of Carongne taryed not longe in Fraunce,
+but went, with Syr John Boucequant, Syr John of Bordes, and Syr Loys
+Grat. All these went to se Lamorabaquyn,<a name="FNanchor_A_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_89"><sup>[A]</sup></a> of whome, in those dayes,
+there was moche spekynge.&quot;</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_89">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This odd name Froissart gives to the famous Mahomet,
+emperor of Turkey, called the Great.</p></div>
+
+<p>Such was the readiness, with which, in those times, heroes put their
+lives in jeopardy, for honour and lady's sake. But I doubt whether the
+fair dames of the present day will think, that the risk of being burned,
+upon every suspicion of frailty, could be altogether compensated by the
+probability, that a husband of good faith, like John de Carogne, or a
+disinterested champion, like Hugh le Blond, would take up the gauntlet
+in their behalf. I fear they will rather accord to the sentiment of the
+hero of an old romance, who expostulates thus with a certain duke:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Certes, sir duke, thou doest unright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To make a roast of your daughter bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wot you ben unkind.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Amis and Amelion.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>I was favoured with the following copy of <i>Sir Hugh le Blond</i>, by
+K. Williamson Burnet, Esq. of Monboddo, who wrote it down from the
+recitation of an old woman, long in the service of the Arbuthnot
+family. Of course the diction is very much humbled, and it has, in
+all probability, undergone many corruptions; but its antiquity is
+indubitable, and the story, though indifferently told, is in itself
+interesting. It is believed, that there have been many more verses.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>SIR HUGH LE BLOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The birds sang sweet as ony bell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The world had not their make,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen she's gone to her chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With Rodingham to talk.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I love you well, my queen, my dame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;'Bove land and rents so clear</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And for the love of you, my queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Would thole pain most severe.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If well you love me, Rodingham,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I'm sure so do I thee:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I love you well as any man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Save the king's fair bodye.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I love you well, my queen, my dame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;'Tis truth that I do tell:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And for to lye a night with you,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The salt seas I would sail.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Away, away, O Rodingham!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;You are both stark and stoor;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Would you defile the king's own bed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And make his queen a whore?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To-morrow you'd be taken sure,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And like a traitor slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'd be burned at a stake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Altho' I be the queen.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He then stepp'd out at her room-door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All in an angry mood;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until he met a leper-man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Just by the hard way-side.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He intoxicate the leper-man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With liquors very sweet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gave him more and more to drink,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Until he fell asleep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took him in his arms two,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And carried him along,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till he came to the queen's own bed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And there he laid him down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He then stepp'd out of the queen's bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As switt as any roe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till he came to the very place</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where the king himself did go.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king said unto Rodingham,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What news have you to me?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He said, &quot;Your queen's a false woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As I did plainly see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He hasten'd to the queen's chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So costly and so fine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Untill he came to the queen's own bed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where the leper-man was lain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He looked on the leper-man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who lay on his queen's bed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He lifted up the snaw-white sheets,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And thus he to him said:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Plooky, plooky,<a name="FNanchor_A_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_90"><sup>[A]</sup></a> are your cheeks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And plooky is your chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And plooky are your arms two</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My bonny queen's layne in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since she has lain into your arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;She shall not lye in mine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since she has kiss'd your ugsome mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;She never shall kiss mine.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In anger he went to the queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who fell upon her knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He said, &quot;You false, unchaste woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What's this you've done to me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen then turn'd herself about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The tear blinded her e'e&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There's not a knight in all your court</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Dare give that name to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He said, &quot;'Tis true that I do say;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For I a proof did make:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;You shall be taken from my bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And burned at a stake.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Perhaps I'll take my word again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And may repent the same,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If that you'll get a Christian man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To fight that Rodingham.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alas! alas!&quot; then cried our queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Alas, and woe to me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's not a man in all Scotland</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Will fight with him for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She breathed unto her messengers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sent them south, east, and west;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They could find none to fight with him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor enter the contest.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She breathed on her messengers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She sent them to the north;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there they found Sir Hugh le Blond,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fight him he came forth.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When unto him they did unfold</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The circumstance all right,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He bade them go and tell the queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That for her he would fight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The day came on that was to do</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That dreadful tragedy;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Hugh le Blond was not come up</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fight for our lady.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Put on the fire,&quot; the monster said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It is twelve on the bell!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tis scarcely ten, now,&quot; said the king;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I heard the clock mysell.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Before the hour the queen is brought,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The burning to proceed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In a black velvet chair she's set,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A token for the dead.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She saw the flames ascending high,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The tears blinded her e'e:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where is the worthy knight,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Who is to fight for me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the king himsel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My dearest, have no doubt,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For yonder comes the man himsel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As bold as ere set out.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They then advanced to fight the duel</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With swords of temper'd steel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till down the blood of Rodingham</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came running to his heel.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Hugh took out a lusty sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'Twas of the metal clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has pierced Rodingham</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till's heart-blood did appear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Confess your treachery, now,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;This day before you die!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I do confess my treachery,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I shall no longer lye:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I like to wicked Haman am,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;This day I shall be slain.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen was brought to her chamber</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A good woman again.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen then said unto the king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Arbattle's near the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Give it unto the northern knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That this day fought for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then said the king, &quot;Come here, sir knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And drink a glass of wine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, if Arbattle's not enough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To it we'll Fordoun join.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_90">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Plooky</i>&mdash;Pimpled.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON SIR HUGH LE BLOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Until he met a leper-man. &amp;c.</i>&mdash;P. 268. v. 4.</span><br>
+
+<p>Filth, poorness of living, and the want of linen, made this horrible
+disease formerly very common in Scotland. Robert Bruce died of the
+leprosy; and, through all Scotland, there were hospitals erected for
+the reception of lepers, to prevent their mingling with the rest of the
+community.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;It is twelve on the bell!&quot;</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;Tis scarcely ten, now,&quot; said the king, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;P. 272. v. 2.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the romance of Doolin, called <i>La Fleur des Battailles</i>, a false
+accuser discovers a similar impatience to hurry over the execution,
+before the arrival of the lady's champion:&mdash;<i>&quot;Ainsi comme Herchambaut
+vouloit jetter la dame dedans le feu, Sanxes de Clervaut va a lui, si
+lui dict; 'Sire Herchambaut, vous estes trop a blasmer; car vous ne
+devez mener ceste chose que par droit ainsi qu'il est ordonn&egrave;; je veux
+accorder que ceste dame ait un vassal qui la diffendra contre vous et
+Drouart, car elle n'a point de coulpe en ce que l'accusez; si la devez
+retarder jusque a midy, pour scavoir si un bon chevalier l'a viendra
+secourir centre vous et Drouart.&quot;</i>&mdash;Cap. 22.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;And, if Arbattle's not enough,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;To it we'll Fordoun join.&quot;</i>&mdash;P. 274. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Arbattle is the ancient name of the barony of Arbuthnot. Fordun has long
+been the patrimony of the same family.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>GRAEME AND BEWICK.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The date of this ballad, and its subject, are uncertain. From internal
+evidence, I am inclined to place it late in the sixteenth century. Of
+the Graemes enough is elsewhere said. It is not impossible, that such
+a clan, as they are described, may have retained the rude ignorance
+of ancient border manners to a later period than their more inland
+neighbours; and hence the taunt of old Bewick to Graeme. Bewick is an
+ancient name in Cumberland and Northumberland. The ballad itself was
+given, in the first edition, from the recitation of a gentleman, who
+professed to have forgotten some verses. These have, in the present
+edition, been partly restored, from a copy obtained by the recitation of
+an ostler in Carlisle, which has also furnished some slight alterations.</p>
+
+<p>The ballad is remarkable, as containing, probably, the very latest
+allusion to the institution of brotherhood in arms, which was held so
+sacred in the days of chivalry, and whose origin may be traced up to the
+Scythian ancestors of Odin. Many of the old romances turn entirely upon
+the sanctity of the engagement, contracted by the <i>freres d'armes</i>. In
+that of <i>Amis and Amelion</i>, the hero slays his two infant children, that
+he may compound a potent salve with their blood, to cure the leprosy of
+his brother in arms. The romance of <i>Gyron le Courtois</i> has a similar
+subject. I think the hero, like Graeme in the ballad, kills himself, out
+of some high point of honour towards his friend.</p>
+
+<p>The quarrel of the two old chieftains, over their wine, is highly in
+character. Two generations have not elapsed since the custom of drinking
+deep, and taking deadly revenge for slight offences, produced very
+tragical events on the border; to which the custom of going armed to
+festive meetings contributed not a little. A minstrel, who flourished
+about 1720, and is often talked of by the old people, happened to be
+performing before one of these parties, when they betook themselves to
+their swords. The cautious musician, accustomed to such scenes, dived
+beneath the table. A moment after, a man's hand, struck off with a
+back-sword, fell beside him. The minstrel secured it carefully in
+his pocket, as he would have done any other loose moveable; sagely
+observing, the owner would miss it sorely next morning. I chuse rather
+to give this ludicrous example, than some graver instances of bloodshed
+at border orgies. I observe it is said, in a MS. account of Tweeddale,
+in praise of the inhabitants, that, &quot;when they fall in the humour of
+good fellowship, they use it as a cement and bond of society, and not
+to foment revenge, quarrels, and murders, which is usual in other
+countries;&quot; by which we ought, probably, to understand Selkirkshire and
+Teviotdale.&mdash;<i>Macfarlane's MSS.</i></p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>GRAEME AND BEWICK.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude lord Graeme is to Carlisle gane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sir Robert Bewick there met he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And arm in arm to the wine they did go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And they drank till they were baith merrie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude lord Graeme has ta'en up the cup,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sir Robert Bewick, and here's to thee!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And here's to our twae sons at hame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For they like us best in our ain countrie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O were your son a lad like mine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And learn'd some books that he could read,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They might hae been twae brethren bauld,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And they might hae bragged the border side.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But your son's a lad, and he is but bad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And billie to my son he canna be;</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye sent him to the schools, and he wadna learn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye bought him books, and he wadna read.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But my blessing shall he never earn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till I see how his arm can defend his head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude lord Graeme has a reckoning call'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A reckoning then called he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he paid a crown, and it went roun';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">It was all for the gude wine and free.<a name="FNanchor_A_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_91"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has to the stable gaen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where there stude thirty steeds and three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en his ain horse amang them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And hame he' rade sae manfullie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wellcome, my auld father!&quot; said Christie Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But where sae lang frae hame were ye?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It's I hae been at Carlisle town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a baffled man by thee I be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hae been at Carlisle town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Where Sir Robert Bewick he met me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He says ye're a lad, and ye are but bad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And billie to his son ye canna be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I sent ye to the schools, and ye wadna learn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I bought ye books, and ye wadna read;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Therefore, my blessing ye shall never earn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till I see with Bewick thou save thy head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, God forbid, my auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ever sic a thing suld be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Billie Bewick was my master, and I was his scholar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And aye sae weel as he learned me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald thy tongue, thou limmer lown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And of thy talking let me be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If thou does na end me this quarrel soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There is my glove I'll fight wi' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Christie Graeme he stooped low</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Unto the ground, you shall understand;&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O father, put on your glove again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The wind has blown it from your hand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What's that thou says, thou limmer loun?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;How dares thou stand to speak to me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If thou do not end this quarrel soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There's my right hand thou shalt fight with me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Christie Graeme's to his chamber gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To consider weel what then should be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whether he suld fight with his auld father</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or with his billie Bewick, he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I suld kill my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;God's blessing I sall never win;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if I strike at my auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I think 'twald be a mortal sin.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if I kill my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It is God's will! so let it be.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I make a vow, ere I gang frae hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That I shall be the next man's die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he's put on's back a good ould jack,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And on his head a cap of steel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sword and buckler by his side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O gin he did not become them weel!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'll leave off talking of Christie Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And talk of him again belive;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And we will talk of bonnie Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where he was teaching his scholars five.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he had taught them well to fence,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And handle swords without any doubt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took his sword under his arm,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he walked his father's close about.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He looked atween him and the sun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a' to see what there might be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till he spied a man, in armour bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was riding that way most hastilie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha is yon, that came this way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae hastilie that hither came?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I think it be my brother dear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I think it be young Christie Graeme.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're welcome here, my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And thrice you're welcome unto me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I'm wae to say, I've seen the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;When I am come to fight with thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My father's gane to Carlisle town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' your father Bewick there met he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He says I'm a lad, and I am but bad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a baffled man I trow I be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He sent me to schools, and I wadna learn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He gae me books, and I wadna read;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sae my father's blessing I'll never earn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till he see how my arm can guard my head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O God forbid, my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ever such a thing suld be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll take three men on either side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And see if we can our fathers agree.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald thy tongue, now, billie Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And of thy talking let me be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if thou'rt a man, as I'm sure thou art,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Come o'er the dyke, and fight wi' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I hae nae harness, billie, on my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As weel I see there is on thine.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But as little harness as is on thy back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As little, billie, shall be on mine.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he's thrown aff his coat of mail,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His cap of steel away flung he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He stuck his spear into the ground,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he tied his horse unto a tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Bewick has thrown aff his cloak,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And's psalter-book frae's hand flung he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He laid his hand upon the dyke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ower he lap most manfullie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they hae fought for twae lang hours;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When twae lang hours were come and gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sweat drapped fast frae aff them baith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But a drap of blude could not be seen.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till Graeme gae Bewick an ackward<a name="FNanchor_B_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_92"><sup>[B]</sup></a> stroke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ane ackward stroke, strucken sickerlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He has hit him under the left breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dead-wounded to the ground fell he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, now, hillie dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Arise, and speak three words to me!&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Whether thou'se gotten thy deadly wound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or if God and good leaching may succour thee?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O horse, O horse, now billie Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And get thee far from hence with speed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And get thee out of this country,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That none may know who has done the deed.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I have slain thee, billie Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;If this be true thou tellest to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I made a vow, ere I came frae hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That aye the next man I wad be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He has pitched his sword in a moodie-hill,<a name="FNanchor_C_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_93"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he has leap'd twentie lang feet and three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on his ain sword's point he lap,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And dead upon the grund fell he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twas then came up Sir Robert Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And his brave son alive saw he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, my son,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I think ye hae gotten the victorie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald your tongue, my father dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Of your prideful talking let me be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye might hae drunken your wine in peace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And let me and my billie be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae dig a grave, baith wide and deep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;A grave to hald baith him and me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But lay Christie Graeme on the sunny side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For I'm sure he wan the victorie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alack! a wae!&quot; auld Bewick cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Alack! was I not much to blame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'm sure I've lost the liveliest lad</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That e'er was born unto my name.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alack! a wae!&quot; quo' gude Lord Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I'm sure I hae lost the deeper lack!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I durst hae ridden the Border through,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Had Christie Graeme been at my back.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Had I been led through Liddesdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And thirty horsemen guarding me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And Christie Gramme been at my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae soon as he had set me free!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I've lost my hopes, I've lost my joy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I've lost the key but and the lock;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I durst hae ridden the world round,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Had Christie Graeme been at my back.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_91">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The ostler's copy reads very characteristically&mdash; &quot;It was
+all for good wine and <i>hay</i>.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_92">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Ackward</i>&mdash;Backward.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_93">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Moodie-hill</i>&mdash;Mole-hill.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART. IN TWO PARTS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Duels, as may be seen from the two preceding ballads, are derived from
+the times of chivalry. They succeeded to the <i>combat at outrance</i>,
+about the end of the sixteenth century; and, though they were no longer
+countenanced by the laws, nor considered a solemn appeal to the Deity,
+nor honoured by the presence of applauding monarchs and multitudes, yet
+they were authorised by the manners of the age, and by the applause of
+the fair.<a name="FNanchor_A_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_94"><sup>[A]</sup></a> They long continued, they even yet continue, to be appealed
+to, as the test of truth; since, by the code of honour, every gentleman
+is still bound to repel a charge of falsehood with the point of his
+sword, and at the peril of his life. This peculiarity of manners, which
+would have surprised an ancient Roman, is obviously deduced from the
+Gothic ordeal of trial by combat. Nevertheless, the custom of duelling
+was considered, at its first introduction, as an innovation upon the law
+of arms; and a book, in two huge volumes, entituled <i>Le vrai Theatre
+d' Honneur et de la Chivalerie</i>, was written by a French nobleman,
+to support the venerable institutions of chivalry against this
+unceremonious mode of combat. He has chosen for his frontispiece two
+figures; the first represents a conquering knight, trampling his enemy
+under foot in the lists, crowned by Justice with laurel, and preceded by
+Fame, sounding his praises. The other figure presents a duellist, in
+his shirt, as was then the fashion (see the following ballad), with his
+bloody rapier in his hand: the slaughtered combatant is seen in the
+distance, and the victor is pursued by the Furies. Nevertheless, the
+wise will make some scruple, whether, if the warriors were to change
+equipments, they might not also exchange their emblematic attendants.
+The modern mode of duel, without defensive armour, began about the reign
+of Henry III. of France, when the gentlemen of that nation, as we learn
+from Davila, began to lay aside the cumbrous lance and cuirass, even in
+war. The increase of danger being supposed to contribute to the increase
+of honour, the national ardour of the french gallants led them early to
+distinguish themselves by neglect of every thing, that could contribute
+to their personal safety. Hence, duels began to be fought by the
+combatants in their shirts, and with the rapier only. To this custom
+contributed also the art of fencing, then cultivated as a new study in
+Italy and Spain, by which the sword became, at once, an offensive and
+defensive weapon. The reader will see the new &quot;science of defence,&quot; as
+it was called, ridiculed by Shakespeare, in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, and
+by Don Quevedo, in some of his novels. But the more ancient customs
+continued for some time to maintain their ground. The sieur Colombiere
+mentions two gentlemen, who fought with equal advantage for a whole day,
+in all the panoply of chivalry, and, the next day, had recourse to the
+modern mode of combat. By a still more extraordinary mixture of ancient
+and modern fashions, two combatants on horseback ran a tilt at each
+other with lances, without any covering but their shirts.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_94">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;All things being ready for the ball, and every one being
+in their place, and I myself being next to the queen (of France),
+expecting when the dancers would come in, one knockt at the door
+somewhat louder than became, as I thought, a very civil person. When he
+came in, I remember there was a sudden whisper among the ladies, saying,
+'C'est Monsieur Balagny,' or, 'tis Monsieur Balagny; whereupon, also,
+I saw the ladies and gentlewomen, one after another, invite him to sit
+near them; and, which is more, when one lady had his company a while,
+another would say, 'you have enjoyed him long enough; I must have him
+now;' at which bold civility of theirs, though I were astonished, yet it
+added unto my wonder, that his person could not be thought, at most, but
+ordinary handsome; his hair, which was cut very short, half grey, his
+doublet but of sackcloth, cut to his shirt, and his breeches only of
+plain grey cloth. Informing myself of some standers by who he was, I was
+told he was one of the gallantest men in the world, as having killed
+eight or nine men in single fight; and that, for this reason, the ladies
+made so much of him; it being the manner of all French women to cherish
+gallant men, as thinking they could not make so much of any one else,
+with the safety of their honour.&quot;&mdash;<i>Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,</i>
+p. 70. How near the character of the duellist, originally, approached to
+that of the knight-errant, appears from a transaction, which took place
+at the siege of Juliers, betwixt this Balagny and Lord Herbert. As
+these two noted duellists stood together in the trenches, the Frenchman
+addressed Lord Herbert: <i>&quot;Monsieur, on dit que vous etes un des plus
+braves de votre nation, et je suis Balagny; allons voir qui fera le
+mieux.&quot;</i> With these words, Balagny jumped over the trench, and Herbert
+as speedily following, both ran sword in hand towards the defences
+of the besieged town, which welcomed their approach with a storm of
+musquetry and artillery. Balagny then observed, this was hot service;
+but Herbert swore, he would not turn back first; so the Frenchman was
+finally fain to set him the example or retreat. Notwithstanding the
+advantage which he had gained over Balagny, in this &quot;jeopardy of war,&quot;
+Lord Herbert seems still to have grudged that gentleman's astonishing
+reputation; for he endeavoured to pick a quarrel with him, on the
+romantic score of the worth of their mistresses; and, receiving a
+ludicrous answer, told him, with disdain, that he spoke more like a
+<i>palliard</i> than a <i>cavalier</i>. From such instances the reader may judge,
+whether the age of chivalry did not endure somewhat longer than is
+generally supposed.</p></div>
+
+<p>When armour was laid aside, the consequence was, that the first duels
+were very sanguinary, terminating frequently in the death of one, and
+sometimes, as in the ballad, of both persons engaged. Nor was this all:
+The seconds, who had nothing to do with the quarrel, fought stoutly,
+<i>pour se desennuyer</i>, and often sealed with their blood their friendship
+for their principal. A desperate combat, fought between Messrs Entraguet
+and Caylus, is said to have been the first, in which this fashion of
+promiscuous fight was introduced. It proved fatal to two of Henry the
+Third's minions, and extracted from that sorrowing monarch an edict
+against duelling, which was as frequently as fruitlessly renewed by his
+successors. The use of rapier and poniard together,<a name="FNanchor_A_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_95"><sup>[A]</sup></a> was another cause
+of the mortal slaughter in these duels, which were supposed, in the
+reign of Henry IV., to have cost France at least as many of her nobles
+as had fallen in the civil wars. With these double weapons, frequent
+instances occurred, in which a duellist, mortally wounded, threw himself
+within his antagonist's guard, and plunged his poniard into his heart.
+Nay, sometimes the sword was altogether abandoned for the more sure
+and murderous dagger. A quarrel having arisen betwixt the vicompte d'
+Allemagne and the sieur de la Roque, the former, alleging the youth and
+dexterity of his antagonist, insisted upon fighting the duel in their
+shirts, and with their poniards only; a desperate mode of conflict,
+which proved fatal to both. Others refined even upon this horrible
+struggle, by chusing for the scene a small room, a large hogshead, or,
+finally, a hole dug in the earth, into which the duellists descended, as
+into a certain grave.&mdash;Must I add, that even women caught the phrenzy,
+and that duels were fought, not only by those whose rank and character
+rendered it little surprising, but by modest and well-born maidens!
+<i>Audiguier Trait&eacute; de Duel. Theatre D' Honneur,</i> Vol. I.<a name="FNanchor_B_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_96"><sup>[B]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_95">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> It appears from a line in the black-letter copy of the
+following ballad, that Wharton and Stuart fought with rapier and dagger:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With that stout Wharton was the first</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Took <i>rapier</i> and <i>poniard</i> there that day.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Ancient Songs,</i> 1792, p. 204.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_96">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> This folly ran to such a pitch, that no one was thought
+worthy to be reckoned a gentleman, who had not tried his valour in at
+least one duel; of which Lord Herbert gives the following instance:&mdash;A
+young gentleman, desiring to marry a niece of Monsieur Disaucour,
+<i>ecuyer</i> to the duke de Montmorenci, received this answer: &quot;Friend, it
+is not yet time to marry; if you will be a brave man, you must first
+kill, in single combat, two or three men; then marry, and get two or
+three children; otherwise the world will neither have gained or lost by
+you.&quot; HERBERT'S <i>Life</i>, p. 64.</p></div>
+
+<p>We learn, from every authority, that duels became nearly as common in
+England, after the accession of James VI., as they had ever been in
+France. The point of honour, so fatal to the gallants of the age, was no
+where carried more highly than at the court of the pacific <i>Solomon</i>
+of Britain. Instead of the feudal combats, upon the <i>Hie-gate of
+Edinburgh</i>, which had often disturbed his repose at Holy-rood, his
+levees, at Theobald's, were occupied with listening to the detail of
+more polished, but not less sanguinary, contests. I rather suppose, that
+James never was himself disposed to pay particular attention to the laws
+of the <i>duello;</i> but they were defined with a quaintness and pedantry,
+which, bating his dislike to the subject, must have deeply interested
+him. The point of honour was a science, which a grown gentleman might
+study under suitable professors, as well as dancing, or any other
+modish accomplishment. Nay, it would appear, that the ingenuity of
+the <i>sword-men</i> (so these military casuists were termed) might often
+accommodate a bashful combatant with an honourable excuse for declining
+the combat:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;Understand'st them well nice points of duel?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Art born of gentle blood and pure descent?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Were none of all thy lineage hang'd, or cuckold?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bastard or bastinadoed? Is thy pedigree</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As long, as wide as mine? For otherwise</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thou wert most unworthy; and 'twere loss of honour</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In me to fight. More: I have drawn five teeth&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If thine stand sound, the terms are much unequal;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, by strict laws of duel, I am excused</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To fight on disadvantage.&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Albumazar,</i> Act IV. Sc. 7.</span><br>
+
+<p>In Beaumont and Fletcher's admirable play of <i>A King and no King</i>, there
+is some excellent mirth at the expence of the professors of the point of
+honour.</p>
+
+<p>But, though such shifts might occasionally be resorted to by the
+faint-hearted, yet the fiery cavaliers of the English court were but
+little apt to profit by them; though their vengeance for insulted honour
+sometimes vented itself through fouler channels than that of fair combat
+It happened, for example, that Lord Sanquhar, a Scottish nobleman, in
+fencing with a master of the noble science of defence, lost his eye by
+an unlucky thrust. The accident was provoking, but without remedy; nor
+did Lord Sanquhar think of it, unless with regret, until some years
+after, when he chanced to be in the French court. Henry the Great
+casually asked him, how he lost his eye? &quot;By the thrust of a sword,&quot;
+answered Lord Sanquhar, not caring to enter into particulars. The king,
+supposing the accident the consequence of a duel, immediately enquired,
+&quot;Does the man yet live?&quot; These few words set the blood of the Scottish
+nobleman on fire; nor did he rest till he had taken the base vengeance
+of assassinating, by hired ruffians, the unfortunate fencing-master. The
+mutual animosity betwixt the English and Scottish nations, had already
+occasioned much bloodshed among the gentry, by single combat; and James
+now found himself under the necessity of making a striking example of
+one of his Scottish nobles, to avoid the imputation of the grossest
+partiality. Lord Sanquhar was condemned to be hanged, and suffered that
+ignominious punishment accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>By a circuitous route, we are now arrived at the subject of our ballad;
+for, to the tragical duel of Stuart and Wharton, and to other instances
+of bloody combats and brawls betwixt the two nations, is imputed James's
+firmness in the case of Lord Sanquhar.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;For Ramsay, one of the king's servants, not long before Sanquhar's
+trial, had switched the earl of Montgomery, who was the king's first
+favourite, happily because he tooke it so. Maxwell, another of them, had
+bitten Hawley, a gentleman of the Temple, by the ear, which enraged the
+Templars (in those times riotous, and subject to tumults), and brought
+it allmost to a national quarrel, till the king slept in, and took it up
+himself.&mdash;The Lord Bruce had summoned Sir Edward Sackville (afterward
+earl of Dorset), into France, with a fatal compliment, to take death
+from his hand.<a name="FNanchor_A_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_97"><sup>[A]</sup></a> <i>And the much lamented Sir James Stuart, one of the
+king's blood, and Sir George Wharton, the prime branch of that noble
+family, for little worthless punctilios of honor (being intimate
+friends), took the field, and fell together by each others
+hand.&quot;</i>&mdash;WILSON'S Life of James VI. p. 60.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_97">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> See an account of this desperate duel in the <i>Guardian</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>The sufferers in this melancholy affair were both men of high birth, the
+heirs apparent of two noble families, and youths of the most promising
+expectation. Sir James Stuart was a knight of the Bath, and eldest
+son of Walter, first lord Blantyre, by Nicolas, daughter of Sir James
+Somerville, of Cambusnethan. Sir George Wharton was also a knight of the
+Bath, and eldest son of Philip, lord Wharton, by Frances, daughter of
+Henry Clifford, earl of Cumberland. He married Anne, daughter of the
+earl of Rutland, but left no issue.</p>
+
+<p>The circumstances of the quarrel and combat are accurately detailed in
+the ballad, of which there exists a black-letter copy in the Pearson
+Collection, now in the library of the late John duke of Roxburghe,
+entitled, &quot;A Lamentable Ballad, of a Combate, lately fought, near
+London, between Sir James Stewarde, and Sir George Wharton, knights,
+who were both slain at that time.&mdash;To the tune of, <i>Down Plumpton Park,
+&amp;c</i>.&quot; A copy of this ballad has been published in Mr Ritson's <i>Ancient
+Songs</i>, and, upon comparison, appears very little different from that
+which has been preserved by tradition in Ettrick Forest. Two verses have
+been added, and one considerably improved, from Mr Ritson's edition.
+These three stanzas are the fifth and ninth of Part First, and the
+penult verse of Part Second. I am thus particular, that the reader may
+be able, if he pleases, to compare the traditional ballad with the
+original edition. It furnishes striking evidence, that, &quot;without
+characters, fame lives long.&quot; The difference, chiefly to be remarked
+betwixt the copies, lies in the dialect, and in some modifications
+applicable to Scotland; as, using the words <i>&quot;Our Scottish Knight.&quot;</i>
+The black-letter ballad, in like manner, terms Wharton <i>&quot;Our English
+Knight.&quot;</i> My correspondent, James Hogg, adds the following note to this
+ballad: &quot;I have heard this song sung by several old people; but all
+of them with this tradition, that Wharton bribed Stuart's second, and
+actually fought in armour. I acknowledge, that, from some dark hints in
+the song, this appears not impossible; but, that you may not judge
+too rashly, I must remind you, that the old people, inhabiting the
+head-lands (high grounds) hereabouts, although possessed of many
+original songs, traditions, and anecdotes, are most unreasonably partial
+when the valour or honour of a Scotsman is called in question.&quot; I
+retain this note, because it is characteristic; but I agree with my
+correspondent, there can be no foundation for the tradition, except in
+national partiality.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.</p>
+
+<p>PART FIRST.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It grieveth me to tell you o'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Near London late what did befal,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twixt two young gallant gentlemen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">It grieveth me, and ever shall.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">One of them was Sir George Wharton,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My good Lord Wharton's son and heir;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The other, James Stuart, a Scottish knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">One that a valiant heart did bear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When first to court these nobles came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">One night, a gaining, fell to words;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And in their fury grew so hot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That they did both try their keen swords.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No manner of treating, nor advice,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Could hold from striking in that place;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For, in the height and heat of blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">James struck George Wharton on the face.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What doth this mean,&quot; George Wharton said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To strike in such unmanly sort?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, that I take it at thy hands,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The tongue of man shall ne'er report!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But do thy worst, then,&quot; said Sir James,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Now do thy worst! appoint a day!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's not a lord in England breathes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Shall gar me give an inch of way.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye brag right weel,&quot; George Wharton said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Let our brave lords at large alane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And speak of me, that am thy foe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For you shall find enough o' ane!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll alterchange my glove wi' thine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I'll show it on the bed o' death;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I mean the place where we shall fight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There ane or both maun lose life and breath!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll meet near Waltham,&quot; said Sir James;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To-morrow, that shall be the day.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll either take a single man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And try who bears the bell away.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then down together hands they shook,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Without any envious sign;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then went to Ludgate, where they lay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And each man drank his pint of wine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No kind of envy could be seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No kind of malice they did betray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But a' was clear and calm as death,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whatever in their bosoms lay,</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till parting time; and then, indeed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They shew'd some rancour in their heart;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Next time we meet,&quot; says George Wharton,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Not half sae soundly we shall part!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So they have parted, firmly bent</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Their valiant minds equal to try:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The second part shall clearly show,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Both how they meet, and how they dye.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.</p>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Wharton was the first ae man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came to the appointed place that day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where he espyed our Scots lord coming,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as he could post away.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They met, shook hands; their cheeks were pale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Then to George Wharton James did say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I dinna like your doublet, George,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It stands sae weel on you this day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Say, have you got no armour on?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Have ye no under robe of steel?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I never saw an English man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Become his doublet half sae weel.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fy no! fy no!&quot; George Wharton said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For that's the thing that mauna be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That I should come wi' armour on,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And you a naked man truly.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Our men shall search our doublets, George,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And see if one of us do lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then will we prove, wi' weapons sharp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ourselves true gallants for to be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they threw off their doublets both,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And stood up in their sarks o' lawn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, take my counsel,&quot; said Sir James,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wharton, to thee I'll make it knawn:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;So as we stand, so will we fight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Thus naked in our sarks,&quot; said he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fy no! fy no!&quot; George Wharton says;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That is the thing that must not be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We're neither drinkers, quarrellers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor men that cares na for oursel;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor minds na what we're gaun about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or if we're gaun to heav'n or hell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Let us to God bequeath our souls,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Our bodies to the dust and clay!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With that he drew his deadly sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The first was drawn on field that day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Se'en bouts and turns these heroes had,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or e'er a drop o' blood was drawn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Our Scotch lord, wond'ring, quickly cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Stout Wharton! thou still hauds thy awn!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The first stroke that George Wharton gae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He struck him thro' the shoulder-bane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The neist was thro' the thick o' the thigh;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He thought our Scotch lord had been slain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Oh! ever alak!&quot; George Wharton cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Art thou a living man, tell me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If there's a surgeon living can,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He'se cure thy wounds right speedily.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;No more of that!&quot; James Stuart said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Speak not of curing wounds to me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For one of us must yield our breath,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ere off the field one foot we flee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They looked oure their shoulders both,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To see what company was there;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They both had grievous marks of death,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But frae the other nane wad steer.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Wharton was the first that fell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Our Scotch lord fell immediately:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They both did cry to Him above,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To save their souls, for they boud die.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This fragment, obtained from recitation in the Forest of Ettrick, is
+said to relate to the execution of Cokburne of Henderland, a border
+freebooter, hanged over the gate of his own tower by James V., in the
+course of that memorable expedition, in 1529, which was fatal to Johnie
+Armstrang, Adam Scott of Tushielaw, and many other marauders. The
+vestiges of the castle of Henderland are still to be traced upon the
+farm of that name, belonging to Mr Murray of Henderland. They are
+situated near the mouth of the river Meggat, which falls into the lake
+of St Mary, in Selkirkshire. The adjacent country, which now hardly
+bears a single tree, is celebrated by Lesly, as, in his time, affording
+shelter to the largest stags in Scotland. A mountain torrent, called
+Henderland Burn, rushes impetuously from the hills, through a rocky
+chasm, named the Dow-glen, and passes near the site of the tower. To the
+recesses of this glen the wife of Cokburne is said to have retreated,
+during the execution of her husband; and a place, called the <i>Lady's
+Seat</i>, is still shewn, where she is said to have striven to drown, amid
+the roar of a foaming cataract, the tumultuous noise, which announced
+the close of his existence. In a deserted burial-place, which once
+surrounded the chapel of the castle, the monument of Cokburne and his
+lady is still shewn. It is a large stone, broken into three parts; but
+some armorial bearings may be yet traced, and the following inscription
+is still legible, though defaced:</p>
+
+<p>HERE LYES PERYS OF COKBURNE AND HIS WYFE MARJORY.</p>
+
+<p>Tradition says, that Cokburne was surprised by the king, while sitting
+at dinner. After the execution, James marched rapidly forward, to
+surprise Adam Scott of Tushielaw, called the King of the Border, and
+sometimes the King of Thieves. A path through the mountains, which
+separate the vale of Ettrick from the head of Yarrow, is still called
+the <i>King's Road</i>, and seems to have been the rout which he followed.
+The remains of the tower of Tushielaw are yet visible, overhanging the
+wild banks of the Ettrick; and are an object of terror to the benighted
+peasant, from an idea of their being haunted by spectres. From these
+heights, and through the adjacent county of Peebles, passes a wild path,
+called still the <i>Thief's Road</i>, from having been used chiefly by the
+marauders of the border.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My love he built me a bonny bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And clad it a' wi' lilye flour;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A brawer bower ye ne'er did see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than my true love he built for me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There came a man, by middle day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He spied his sport, and went away;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And brought the king that very night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who brake my bower, and slew my knight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He slew my knight, to me sae dear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He slew my knight, and poin'd<a name="FNanchor_A_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_98"><sup>[A]</sup></a> his gear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My servants all for life did flee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And left me in extremitie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I sew'd his sheet, making my mane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I watched the corpse, myself alane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I watched his body, night and day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No living creature came that way.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I took his body on my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And whiles I gaed, and whiles I satte;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I digg'd a grave, and laid him in,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And happ'd him with the sod sae green.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But think na ye my heart was sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When I laid the moul on his yellow hair?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O think na ye my heart was wae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When I turn'd about, away to gae?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nae living man I'll love again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Since that my lovely knight is slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' ae lock of his yellow hair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I'll chain my heart for evermair.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_98">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Poin'd</i>&mdash;Poinded, attached by legal distress.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>FAIR HELEN OF KIRCONNELL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The following very popular ballad has been handed down by tradition in
+its present imperfect state. The affecting incident, on which it is
+founded, is well known. A lady, of the name of Helen Irving, or Bell,<a name="FNanchor_A_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_99"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+(for this is disputed by the two clans) daughter of the laird of
+Kirconnell, in Dumfries-shire, and celebrated for her beauty, was
+beloved by two gentlemen in the neighbourhood. The name of the favoured
+suitor was Adam Fleming, of Kirkpatrick; that of the other has escaped
+tradition; though it has been alleged, that he was a Bell, of Blacket
+House. The addresses of the latter were, however, favoured by the
+friends of the lady, and the lovers were therefore obliged to meet in
+secret, and by night, in the church-yard of Kirconnell, a romantic spot,
+surrounded by the river Kirtle. During one of those private interviews,
+the jealous and despised lover suddenly appeared on the opposite bank of
+the stream, and levelled his carabine at the breast of his rival. Helen
+threw herself before her lover, received in her bosom the bullet, and
+died in his arms. A desperate and mortal combat ensued between Fleming
+and the murderer, in which the latter was cut to pieces. Other accounts
+say, that Fleming pursued his enemy to Spain, and slew him in the
+streets of Madrid.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_99">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This dispute is owing to the uncertain date of the ballad;
+for, although the last proprietors if Kirconnell were Irvings, when
+deprived of their possession by Robert Maxwell in 1600, yet Kirconnell
+is termed in old chronicles <i>The Bell's Tower;</i> and a stone, with the
+arms of that family, has been found among its ruins. Fair Helen's
+sirname, therefore, depends upon the period at which she lived, which it
+is now impossible to ascertain.</p></div>
+
+<p>The ballad, as now published, consists of two parts. The first seems to
+be an address, either by Fleming or his rival, to the lady; if, indeed,
+it constituted any portion of the original poem. For the editor cannot
+help suspecting, that these verses have been the production of a
+different and inferior bard, and only adapted to the original measure
+and tune. But this suspicion, being unwarranted by any copy he has been
+able to procure, he does not venture to do more than intimate his own
+opinion. The second part, by far the most beautiful, and which is
+unquestionably original, forms the lament of Fleming over the grave of
+fair Helen.</p>
+
+<p>The ballad is here given, without alteration or improvement, from the
+most accurate copy which could be recovered. The fate of Helen has not,
+however, remained unsung by modern bards. A lament, of great poetical
+merit, by the learned historian Mr Pinkerton, with several other poems
+on this subject, have been printed in various forms.</p>
+
+<p>The grave of the lovers is yet shewn in the church-yard of Kirconnell,
+near Springkell. Upon the tomb-stone can still be read&mdash;<i>Hie jacet
+Adamus Fleming;</i> a cross and sword are sculptured on the stone. The
+former is called, by the country people, the gun with which Helen was
+murdered; and the latter, the avenging sword of her lover. <i>Sit illis
+terra levis!</i> A heap of stones is raised on the spot where the murder
+was committed; a token of abhorrence common to most nations.<a name="FNanchor_A_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_100"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_100">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This practice has only very lately become obsolete in
+Scotland. The editor remembers, that, a few years ago, a cairn was
+pointed out to him in the King's Park of Edinburgh, which had been
+raised in detestation of a cruel murder, perpetrated by one Nicol
+Muschet, on the body of his wife, in that place, in the year 1720.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>FAIR HELEN.</p>
+
+<p>PART FIRST.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O! sweetest sweet, and fairest fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of birth and worth beyond compare,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thou art the causer of my care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Since first I loved thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet God hath given to me a mind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The which to thee shall prove as kind</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As any one that thou shalt find,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of high or low degree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The shallowest water makes maist din,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The deadest pool the deepest linn.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The richest man least truth within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Though he preferred be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet, nevertheless, I am content,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And never a whit my love repent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But think the time was a' weel spent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Though I disdained be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O! Helen sweet, and maist complete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My captive spirit's at thy feet!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thinks thou still fit thus for to treat</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy captive cruelly?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O! Helen brave! but this I crave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of thy poor slave some pity have,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And do him save that's near his grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dies for love of thee.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>FAIR HELEN.</p>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I wish I were where Helen lies!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Night and day on me she cries;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O that I were where Helen lies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Curst be the heart, that thought the thought,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And curst the hand, that fired the shot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When in my arms burd<a name="FNanchor_A_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_101"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Helen dropt,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And died to succour me!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O think na ye my heart was sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When my love dropt down and spak nae mair!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There did she swoon wi' meikle care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As I went down the water side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">None but my foe to be my guide.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">None but my foe to be my guide,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I lighted down, my sword did draw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I hacked him in pieces sma,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I hacked him in pieces sma,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For her sake that died for me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Helen fair, beyond compare!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I'll make a garland of thy hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shall bind my heart for evermair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Untill the day I die.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O that I were where Helen lies!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Night and day on me she cries;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out of my bed she bids me rise,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says, &quot;haste, and come to me!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Helen fair! O Helen chaste!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If I were with thee I were blest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where thou lies low, and takes thy rest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I wish my grave were growing green,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A winding sheet drawn ower my een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And I in Helen's arms lying,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I wish I were where Helen lies!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Night and day on me she cries;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And I am weary of the skies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For her sake that died for me.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_101">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Burd Helen</i>&mdash;Maid Helen.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>HUGHIE THE GRAEME.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The Graemes, as we have had frequent occasion to notice, were a powerful
+and numerous clan, who chiefly inhabited the Debateable Land. They were
+said to be of Scottish extraction, and their chief claimed his descent
+from Malice, earl of Stratherne. In military service, they were more
+attached to England than to Scotland; but, in their depredations on both
+countries, they appear to have been very impartial; for, in the year
+1600, the gentlemen of Cumberland alleged to Lord Scroope, &quot;that the
+Graemes, and their clans, with their children, tenants, and servants,
+were the chiefest actors in the spoil and decay of the country.&quot;
+Accordingly, they were, at that time, obliged to give a bond of surety
+for each other's peaceable demeanour; from which bond, their numbers
+appear to have exceeded four hundred men.&mdash;See <i>Introduction to</i>
+NICOLSON'S <i>History of Cumberland,</i> p. cviii.</p>
+
+<p>Richard Graeme, of the family of Netherbye, was one of the attendants
+upon Charles I., when prince of Wales, and accompanied him upon his
+romantic journey through France and Spain. The following little
+anecdote, which then occurred, will shew, that the memory of the
+Graemes' border exploits was at that time still preserved.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;They were now entered into the deep time of Lent, and could get no
+flesh in their inns. Whereupon fell out a pleasant passage, if I may
+insert it, by the way, among more serious. There was, near Bayonne,
+a herd of goats, with their young ones; upon the sight whereof, Sir
+Richard Graham tells the marquis (of Buckingham), that he would snap one
+of the kids, and make some shift to carry him snug to their lodging.
+Which the prince overhearing, 'Why, Richard,' says he, 'do you think you
+may practise here your old tricks upon the borders?' Upon which words,
+they, in the first place, gave the goat-herd good contentment; and then,
+while the marquis and Richard, being both on foot, were chasing the kid
+about the stack, the prince, from horseback, killed him in the head,
+with a Scottish pistol.&mdash;Which circumstance, though trifling, may yet
+serve to shew how his Royal Highness, even in such slight and sportful
+damage, had a noble sense of just dealing.&quot;&mdash;<i>Sir</i> HENRY WOTTON'S <i>Life
+of the Duke of Buckingham.</i></p>
+
+<p>I find no traces of this particular Hughie Graeme, of the ballad; but,
+from the mention of the <i>Bishop</i>, I suspect he may have been one, of
+about four hundred borderers, against whom bills of complaint were
+exhibited to Robert Aldridge, lord bishop of Carlisle, about 1553, for
+divers incursions, burnings, murders, mutilations, and spoils, by them
+committed.&mdash;NICHOLSON'S <i>History, Introduction</i>, lxxxi. There appear
+a number of Graemes, in the specimen which we have of that list of
+delinquents. There occur, in particular,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ritchie Grame of Bailie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will's Jock Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fargue's Willie Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Muckle Willie Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will Grame of Rosetrees,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ritchie Grame, younger of Netherby,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wat Grame, called Flaughtail,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will Grame, Nimble Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will Grahame, Mickle Willie,</span><br>
+
+<p>with many others.</p>
+
+<p>In Mr Ritson's curious and valuable collection of legendary poetry,
+entitled <i>Ancient Songs</i>, he has published this Border ditty, from a
+collation of two old black-letter copies, one in the collection of the
+late John duke of Roxburghe, and another in the hands of John Bayne,
+Esq.&mdash;The learned editor mentions another copy, beginning, &quot;Good Lord
+John is a hunting gone.&quot; The present edition was procured for me by
+my friend Mr W. Laidlaw, in Blackhouse, and has been long current in
+Selkirkshire. Mr Ritson's copy has occasionally been resorted to for
+better readings.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>HUGHIE THE GRAEME.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude Lord Scroope's to the hunting gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He has ridden o'er moss and muir;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has grippit Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For stealing o' the Bishop's mare.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, good Lord Scroope, this may not be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Here hangs a broad sword by my side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if that thou canst conquer me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The matter it may soon be tryed.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ne'er was afraid of a traitor thief;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Although thy name be Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll make thee repent thee of thy deeds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;If God but grant me life and time.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then do your worst now, good Lord Scroope,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And deal your blows as hard as you can!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It shall be tried, within an hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Which of us two is the better man.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But as they were dealing their blows so free,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And both so bloody at the time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Over the moss came ten yeomen so tall,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All for to take brave Hughie the Graeme.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they hae grippit Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And brought him up through Carlisle town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The lasses and lads stood on the walls,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Crying, &quot;Hughie the Graeme, thou'se ne'er gae down!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then hae they chosen a jury of men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The best that were in Carlisle<a name="FNanchor_A_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_102"><sup>[A]</sup></a> town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And twelve of them cried out at once,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Hughie the Graeme, thou must gae down!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up bespake him gude Lord Hume,<a name="FNanchor_B_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_103"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As he sat by the judge's knee,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Twentie white owsen, my gude lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O no, O no, my gude Lord Hume!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For sooth and sae it manna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, were there but three Graemes of the name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;They suld be hanged a' for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twas up and spake the gude Lady Hume,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As she sate by the judge's knee,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A peck of white pennies, my gude lord judge,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O no, O no, my gude Lady Hume!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Forsooth and so it mustna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Were he but the one Graeme of the name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He suld be hanged high for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I be guilty,&quot; said Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Of me my friends shall hae small talk;&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has loup'd fifteen feet and three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Though his hands they were tied behind his back.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He looked over his left shoulder,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And for to see what he might see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was he aware of his auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came tearing his hair most piteouslie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald your tongue, my father,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And see that ye dinna weep for me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For they may ravish me o' my life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But they canna banish me fro' heaven hie.'</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fare ye weel, fair Maggie, my wife!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The last time we came ower the muir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Twas thou bereft me of my life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Here, Johnie Armstrang, take thou my sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That is made o' the metal sae fine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And when thou comest to the English<a name="FNanchor_C_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_104"><sup>[C]</sup></a> side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Remember the death of Hughie the Graeme.&quot;</span><br>
+
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_102">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Garlard</i>&mdash;Anc. Songs.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_103">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Boles</i>&mdash;Anc. Songs.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_104">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Border</i>&mdash;Anc, Songs.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTE ON HUGHIE THE GRAEME.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.</i>&mdash;P. 326, v. 9.</p>
+
+<p>Of the morality of Robert Aldridge, bishop of Carlisle, we know but
+little; but his political and religious faith were of a stretching and
+accommodating texture. Anthony a Wood observes, that there were many
+changes in his time, both in church and state; but that the worthy
+prelate retained his offices and preferments during them all.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.</p>
+
+<p>AN ANCIENT NITHESDALE BALLAD.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The hero of this ballad appears to have been an outlaw and
+deer-stealer&mdash;probably one of the broken men residing upon the border.
+There are several different copies, in one of which the principal
+personage is called <i>Johnie of Cockielaw</i>. The stanzas of greatest merit
+have been selected from each copy. It is sometimes said, that this
+outlaw possessed the old castle of Morton, in Dumfries-shire, now
+ruinous:&mdash;&quot;Near to this castle there was a park, built by Sir Thomas
+Randolph, on the face of a very great and high hill; so artificially,
+that, by the advantage of the hill, all wild beasts, such as deers,
+harts, and roes, and hares, did easily leap in, but could not get out
+again; and if any other cattle, such as cows, sheep, or goats, did
+voluntarily leap in, or were forced to do it, <i>it is doubted</i> if their
+owners were permitted to get them out again.&quot;&mdash;<i>Account of Presbytery
+of Penpont, apud Macfarlane's MSS.</i> Such a park would form a convenient
+domain to an outlaw's castle, and the mention of Durrisdeer, a
+neighbouring parish, adds weight to the tradition. I have seen, on a
+mountain near Callendar, a sort of pinfold, composed of immense rocks,
+piled upon each other, which, I was told, was anciently constructed for
+the above-mentioned purpose. The mountain is thence called <i>Uah var</i>, or
+the <i>Cove of the Giant</i>.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.</p>
+
+<p>AN ANCIENT NITHISDALE BALLAD.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnie rose up in a May morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Called for water to wash his hands&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gar loose to me the gude graie dogs</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That are bound wi' iron bands,&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Johnie's mother gat word o' that,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Her hands for dule she wrang&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O Johnie! for my benison,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To the grenewood dinna gang!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Eneugh ye hae o' the gude wheat bread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And eneugh o' the blude-red wine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, therefore, for nae venison, Johnie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I pray ye, stir frae hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But Johnie's busk't up his gude bend bow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His arrows, ane by ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has gane to Durrisdeer</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To hunt the dun deer down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As he came down by Merriemass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And in by the benty line,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There has he espied a deer lying</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Aneath a bush of ling.<a name="FNanchor_A_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_105"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnie he shot, and the dun deer lap,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he wounded her on the side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, atween the water and the brae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His hounds they laid her pride.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Johnie has bryttled<a name="FNanchor_B_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_106"></a><a name="FNanchor_B_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_113"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the deer sae weel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That he's had out her liver and lungs;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wi' these he has feasted his bludy hounds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As if they had been erl's sons.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They eat sae much o' the venison,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And drank sae much o' the blude,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That Johnie and a' his bludy hounds</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fell asleep, as they had been dead.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And by there came a silly auld carle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An ill death mote he die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he's awa to Hislinton,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where the Seven Foresters did lie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What news, what news, ye gray-headed carle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What news bring ye to me?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I bring nae news,&quot; said the gray-headed carle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Save what these eves did see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As I came down by Merriemass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And down amang the scroggs,<a name="FNanchor_C_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_107"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The bonniest childe that ever I saw</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Lay sleeping amang his dogs.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The shirt that was upon his back</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Was o' the Holland fine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The doublet which was over that</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Was o' the lincome twine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The buttons that were on his sleeve</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Were o' the goud sae gude;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The gude graie hounds he lay amang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Their months were dyed wi' blude.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spak the First Forester,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The held man ower them a'&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nae nearer will we draw.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up and spak the Sixth Forester,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(His sister's son was he)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;We soon snall gar him die!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The first flight of arrows the Foresters shot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They wounded him on the knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spak the Seventh Forester,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The next will gar him die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnie's set his back against an aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">His fute against a stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he has slain the Seven Foresters,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">He has slam them a' but ane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He has broke three ribs in that ane's side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">But and his collar bane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He's laid him twa-fald ower his steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Bade him cany the tidings hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O is there na a bonnie bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Can sing as I can say;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Could flee away to my mother's bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And tell to fetch Johnie away?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The starling flew to his mother's window stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">It whistled and it sang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And aye the ower word o' the tune</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Was&mdash;&quot;Johnie tarries lang!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They made a rod o the hazel bush,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Another o' the slae-thorn tree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And mony mony were the men</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At fetching our Johnie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spak his auld mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And fast her tears did fa'&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye wad nae be warned, my son Johnie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Frae the hunting to bide awa.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Aft hae I brought to Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The less gear<a name="FNanchor_D_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_108"><sup>[D]</sup></a> and the mair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I ne'er brought to Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What grieved my heart sae sair!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But wae betyde that silly auld carle!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An ill death shall he die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For the highest tree in Merriemass</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Shall be his morning's fee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now Johnie's gude bend bow is broke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And his gude graie dogs are slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his body lies dead in Durrisdeer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And his hunting it is done.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_105">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Ling</i>&mdash;Heath.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_106">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Brytlled</i>&mdash;To cut up venison. See the ancient ballad of
+<i>Chevy Chace</i>, v. 8.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_107">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Scroggs</i>&mdash;Stunted trees.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_108">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Gear</i>&mdash;Usually signifies <i>goods</i>, but here <i>spoil</i>.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>KATHERINE JANFARIE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>The Ballad was published in the first edition of this work, under the
+title of</i> &quot;The Laird of Laminton.&quot; <i>It is now given in a more perfect
+state, from several recited copies. The residence of the Lady, and the
+scene of the affray at her bridal, is said, by old people, to have been
+upon the banks of the Cadden, near to where it joins the Tweed. Others
+say the skirmish was fought near Traquair, and</i> KATHERINE JANFARIE'S
+<i>dwelling was in the glen, about three miles above Traquair house.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was a may, and a weel far'd may.,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lived high up in yon glen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her name was Katherine Janfarie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She was courted by mony men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then came Lord Lauderdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Up frae the Lawland border;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has come to court this may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' mounted in good order.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He told na her father, he told na her mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he told na ane o' her kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he whisper'd the bonnie lassie hersel',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And has her favour won.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But out then cam Lord Lochinvar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out frae the English border,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All for to court this bonnie may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weil mounted, and in order.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He told her father, he told her mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a' the lave o' her kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he told na the bonnie may hersel',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till on her wedding e'en.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sent to the Lord of Lauderdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gin he wad come and see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has sent word back again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weel answered she suld be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has sent a messenger</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Right quickly through the land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And raised mony an armed man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To be at his command.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The bride looked out at a high window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beheld baith dale and down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she was aware of her first true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With riders mony a one.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She scoffed him, and scorned him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Upon her wedding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And said&mdash;&quot;It was the Fairy court</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To see him in array!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O come ye here to fight, young lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or come ye here to play?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or come ye here to drink good wine</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Upon the wedding day?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I come na here to fight,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I come na here to play;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll but lead a dance wi' the bonnie bride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And mount and go my way.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It is a glass of the blood-red wine</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was filled up them between,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye she drank to Lauderdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wha her true love had been.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And by the grass-green sleeve;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's mounted her hie behind himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At her kinsmen spear'd na leave.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now take your bride, Lord Lochinvar!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Now take her if you may!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, if you take your bride again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;We'll call it but foul play.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There were four-and-twenty bonnie boys,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' clad in the Johnstone grey;<a name="FNanchor_A_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_109"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They said they would take the bride again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">By the strong hand, if they may.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some o' them were right willing men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But they were na willing a';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And four-and-twenty Leader lads</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bid them mount and ride awa'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then whingers flew frae gentles' sides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And swords flew frae the shea's,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And red and rosy was the blood</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ran down the lily braes.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The blood ran down by Caddon bank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And down by Caddon brae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, sighing, said the bonnie bride&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O waes me for foul play!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My blessing on your heart, sweet thing!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wae to your willfu' will!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There's mony a gallant gentleman</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whae's blude ye have garr'd to spill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now a' you lords of fair England,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And that dwell by the English border,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come never here to seek a wife,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For fear of sic disorder.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They'll haik ye up, and settle ye bye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till on your wedding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then gie ye frogs instead of fish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And play ye foul foul play.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_109">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Johnstone grey</i>&mdash;The livery of the ancient family of
+Johnstone.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAIRD O' LOGIE</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>An edition of this ballad is current, under the title of &quot;The Laird of
+Ochiltree;&quot; but the editor, since publication of this work, has been
+fortunate enough to recover the following more correct and ancient copy,
+as recited by a gentleman residing near Biggar. It agrees more nearly,
+both in the name and in the circumstances, with the real fact, than the
+printed ballad of Ochiltree.</p>
+
+<p>In the year 1592, Francis Stuart, earl of Bothwell, was agitating his
+frantic and ill-concerted attempts against the person of James VI.,
+whom he endeavoured to surprise in the palace of Falkland. Through the
+emulation and private rancour of the courtiers, he found adherents even
+about the king's person; among whom, it seems, was the hero of our
+ballad, whose history is thus narrated in that curious and valuable
+chronicle, of which the first part has been published under the title
+of &quot;The Historie of &quot;King James the Sext,&quot; and the second is now in the
+press.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In this close tyme it fortunit, that a gentelman, callit Weymis of
+Logye, being also in credence at court, was delatit as a traffekker with
+Frances Erle Bothwell; and he being examinat before king and counsall,
+confessit his accusation to be of veritie, that sundrie tymes he had
+spokin with him, expresslie aganis the king's inhibitioun proclamit in
+the contrare, whilk confession he subscryvit with his hand; and because
+the event of this mater had sik a succes, it sall also be praysit be
+my pen, as a worthie turne, proceiding frome honest chest loove and
+charitie, whilk suld on na wayis be obscurit from the posteritie for the
+gude example; and therefore I have thought gude to insert the same for a
+perpetual memorie.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Queen Anne, our noble princess, was servit with dyverss gentilwemen
+of hir awin cuntrie, and naymelie with are callit Mres Margaret
+Twynstoun,<a name="FNanchor_A_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_110"><sup>[A]</sup></a> to whome this gentilman, Weymes of Logye, bure great
+honest affection, tending to the godlie band of marriage, the whilk was
+honestlie requytet be the said gentilwoman, yea evin in his greatest
+mister; for howsone she understude the said gentilman to be in distress,
+and apperantlie be his confession to be puueist to the death, and she
+having prevelege to ly in the queynis chalmer that same verie night of
+his accusation, whare the king was also reposing that same night, she
+came forth of the dur prevelie, bayth the prencis being then at quyet
+rest, and past to the chalmer, whare the said gentilman was put
+in custodie to certayne of the garde, and commandit thayme that
+immediatelie he sould be broght to the king and queyne, whareunto thay
+geving sure credence, obeyit. Bot howsone she was cum bak to the chalmer
+dur, she desyrit the watches to stay till he sould cum furth agayne, and
+so she closit the dur, and convoyit the gentilman to a windo', whare she
+ministrat a long corde unto him to convoy himself doun upon; and sa,
+be hir gude cheritable help, he happelie escapit be the subteltie of
+loove.&quot;</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_110">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Twynelace, according to Spottiswoode.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I will sing, if ye will hearken,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If ye will hearken unto me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has ta'en a poor prisoner,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The wanton laird o' young Logie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Young Logie's laid in Edinburgh chapel;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Carmichael's the keeper o' the key;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And may Margaret's lamenting sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' for the love of young Logie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lament, lament na, may Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And of your weeping let me be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For ye maun to the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To seek the life of young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May Margaret has kilted her green cleiding,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has curl'd back her yellow hair&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I canna get young Logie's life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fareweel to Scotland for evermair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she came before the king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She knelit lowly on her knee&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O what's the matter, may Margaret?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And what needs a' this courtesie?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A boon, a boon, my noble liege,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A boon, a boon, I beg o' thee!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the first boon that I come to crave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Is to grant me the life of young Logic.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O na, O na, may Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Forsooth, and so it manna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For a' the gowd o' fair Scotland</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Shall not save the life of young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But she has stown the king's redding kaim,<a name="FNanchor_A_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_111"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Likewise the queen her wedding knife;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sent the tokens to Carmichael,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To cause young Logic get his life.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sent him a purse o' the red gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Another o' the white monie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sent him a pistol for each hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And bade him shoot when he gat free.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he came to the tolbooth stair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There he let his volley flee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It made the king in his chamber start,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">E'en in the bed where he might be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae out, gae out, my merrymen a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And bid Carmichael come speak to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'll lay my life the pledge o' that,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That yon's the shot o' young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Carmichael came before the king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He fell low down upon his knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The very first word that the king spake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was&mdash;&quot;Where's the laird of young Logie?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carmichael turn'd him round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(I wot the tear blinded his eye)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There came a token frae your grace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Has ta'en away the laird frae me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hast thou play'd me that, Carmichael?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And hast thou play'd me that?&quot; quoth he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The morn the justice court's to stand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And Logic's place ye maun supply.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carmichael's awa to Margaret's bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Even as fast as he may drie&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O if young Logie be within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Tell him to come and speak with me!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May Margaret turned her round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(I wot a loud laugh laughed she)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The egg is chipped, the bird is flown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye'll see na mair of young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The tane is shipped at the pier of Leith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The tother at the Queen's Ferrie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she's gotten a father to her bairn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The wanton laird of young Logie.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_111">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Redding kain</i>&mdash;Comb for the hair.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTE ON THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Carmichael's the keeper o' the key.</i>&mdash;P. 344. v. 2.</p>
+
+<p>Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael, the hero of the ballad, called the
+Raid of the Reidswair, was appointed captain of the king's guard in
+1588, and usually had the keeping of state criminals of rank.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>A LYKE-WAKE DIRGE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This is a sort of charm, sung by the lower ranks of Roman Catholics, in
+some parts of the north of England, while watching a dead body, previous
+to interment. The tune is doleful and monotonous, and, joined to the
+mysterious import of the words, has a solemn effect. The word <i>sleet</i>,
+in the chorus, seems to be corrupted from <i>selt</i>, or salt; a quantity of
+which, in compliance with a popular superstition, is frequently placed
+on the breast of a corpse.</p>
+
+<p>The mythologic ideas of the dirge are common to various creeds. The
+Mahometan believes, that, in advancing to the final judgment seat, he
+must traverse a bar of red-hot iron, stretched across a bottomless
+gulph. The good works of each true believer, assuming a substantial
+form, will then interpose betwixt his feet and this <i>&quot;Bridge of Dread;&quot;</i>
+but the wicked, having no such protection, must fall headlong into the
+abyss.&mdash;D'HERBELOT, <i>Bibiotheque Orientale</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Passages, similar to this dirge, are also to be found in <i>Lady Culross's
+Dream</i>, as quoted in the second Dissertation prefixed by Mr Pinkerton
+to his <i>Select Scottish Ballads</i>, 2 vols. The dreamer journeys towards
+heaven, accompanied and assisted by a celestial guide:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through dreadful dens, which made my heart aghast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He bare me up when I began to tire.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sometimes we clamb o'er craggy mountains high.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sometimes stay'd on uglie braes of sand:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They were so stay that wonder was to see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, when I fear'd, he held me by the hand.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through great deserts we wandered on our way&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forward we passed on narrow bridge of trie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O'er waters great, which hediously did roar.</span><br>
+
+<p>Again, she supposes herself suspended over an infernal gulph:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere I was ware, one gripped me at the last,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And held me high above a naming fire.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fire was great; the heat did pierce me sore;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My faith grew weak.; my grip was very small;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I trembled fast; my fear grew more and more.</span><br>
+
+<p>A horrible picture of the same kind, dictated probably by the author's
+unhappy state of mind, is to be found in Brooke's <i>Fool of Quality</i>. The
+dreamer, a ruined female, is suspended over the gulph of perdition by
+a single hair, which is severed by a demon, who, in the form of her
+seducer springs upwards from the flames.</p>
+
+<p>The Russian funeral service, without any allegorical imagery, expresses
+the sentiment of the dirge in language alike simple and noble.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Hast thou pitied the afflicted, O man? In death shalt thou be pitied.
+Hast thou consoled the orphan? The orphan will deliver thee.
+Hast thou clothed the naked? The naked will procure thee
+protection.&quot;&mdash;RICHARDSON'S <i>Anecdotes of Russia.</i></p>
+
+<p>But the most minute description of the <i>Brig o' Dread</i>, occurs in the
+legend of <i>Sir Owain</i>, No. XL. in the MS. Collection of Romances, W.
+4.1. Advocates' Library, Edinburgh; though its position is not the same
+as in the dirge, which may excite a suspicion that the order of the
+stanzas in the latter has been transposed. Sir Owain, a Northumbrian
+knight, after many frightful adventures in St Patrick's purgatory, at
+last arrives at the bridge, which, in the legend, is placed betwixt
+purgatory and paradise:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fendes han the knight ynome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To a stinkand water thai ben ycome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He no seigh never er non swiche;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It stank fouler than ani hounde.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And maui mile it was to the grounde.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And was as swart as piche.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Owain seigh ther ouer ligge</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A swithe strong naru brigge:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fendes seyd tho;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lo! sir knight, sestow this?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This is the brigge of paradis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Here ouer thou must go.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And we the schul with stones prowe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the winde the schul ouer blow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And wirche the full wo;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou no schalt tor all this unduerd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Bot gif thou falle a midwerd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To our fewes[A] mo.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And when thou art adown yfalle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Than schal com our felawes alle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;And with her hokes the hede;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We schul the teche a newe play:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou hast served ous mani a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And into helle the lede.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Owain biheld the brigge smert,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The water ther under blac and swert,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And sore him gan to drede:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For of othing he tok yeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Never mot, in sonne beme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Thicker than the fendes yede.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The brigge was as heigh as a tour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And as scharpe as a rasour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And naru it was also;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the water that ther ran under,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Brend o' lighting and of thonder,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">That thoght him michel wo.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ther nis no clerk may write with ynke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No no man no may bithink,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">No no maister deuine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That is ymade forsoth ywis.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Under the brigge of paradis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Halvendel the pine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So the dominical ous telle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That is the pure entrae of helle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Seine Poule berth witnesse;<a name="FNanchor_A_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_112"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whoso falleth of the brigge adown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of him nis no redempcioun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">No&icirc;ther more nor lesse.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fendes seyd to the knight tho,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ouer this brigge might thou nowght go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;For noneskines nede;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fle peril sorwe and wo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And to that stede ther thou com fro,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;Wel fair we schul the lede.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Owain anon be gan bithenche,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fram hou mani of the fendes wrenche,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">God him saved hadde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He sett his fot opon the brigge,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No feld he no scharpe egge,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">No nothing him no drad.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the fendes yseigh tho,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he was more than half ygo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Loude thai gun to crie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alias! alias! that he was born!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This ich night we have forlorn</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Out of our baylie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_112">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Fewes</i>&mdash;Probably contracted for fellows.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_113">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> The reader will probably search St Paul in vain, for the
+evidence here referred to.</p></div>
+
+<p>The author of the <i>Legend of Sir Owain</i>, though a zealous catholic, has
+embraced, in the fullest extent, the Talmudic doctrine of an earthly
+paradise, distinct from the celestial abode of the just, and serving as
+a place of initiation, preparatory to perfect bliss, and to the beatific
+vision.&mdash;See the Rabbi Menasse ben Israel, in a treatise called
+<i>Nishmath Chajim</i>, i.e. The Breath of Life.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.</p>
+
+<p>NOW FIRST PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad, which is a very great favourite among the inhabitants of
+Ettrick Forest, is universally believed to be founded in fact. The
+editor found it easy to collect a variety of copies; but very difficult,
+indeed, to select from them such a collated edition, as may, in any
+degree, suit the taste of &quot;these more light and giddy-paced times.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Tradition places the event, recorded in the song, very early; and it
+is probable that the ballad was composed soon afterwards, although
+the language has been gradually modernized, in the course of
+its transmission to us, through the inaccurate channel of oral
+tradition.&mdash;The bard does not relate particulars, but barely the
+striking outlines of a fact, apparently so well known when he wrote,
+as to render minute detail as unnecessary, as it is always tedious and
+unpoetical.</p>
+
+<p>The hero of the ballad was a knight of great bravery, called Scott,
+who is said to have resided at Kirkhope, or Oakwood castle, and is, in
+tradition, termed the Baron of Oakwood. The estate of Kirkhope belonged
+anciently to the Scotts of Harden: Oakwood is still their property,
+and has been so from time immemorial. The editor was therefore led to
+suppose, that the hero of the ballad might have been identified with
+John Scott, sixth son of the laird of Harden, murdered in Ettrick
+Forest by his kinsmen, the Scotts of Gilmanscleugh (see notes to <i>Jamie
+Telfer</i>, Vol. I. p. 152). This appeared the more probable, as the common
+people always affirm, that this young man was treacherously slain, and
+that, in evidence thereof, his body remained uncorrupted for many years;
+so that even the roses on his shoes seemed as fresh as when he was first
+laid in the family vault at Hassendean. But from a passage in Nisbet's
+Heraldry, he now believes the ballad refers to a duel fought at
+Deucharswyre, of which Annan's Treat is a part, betwixt John Scott of
+Tushielaw and his brother-in-law Walter Scott, third son of Robert of
+Thirlestane, in which the latter was slain.</p>
+
+<p>In ploughing Annan's Treat, a huge monumental stone, with an
+inscription, was discovered; but being rather scratched than engraved,
+and the lines being run through each other, it is only possible to
+read one or two Latin words. It probably records the event of the
+combat.&mdash;The person slain was the male ancestor of the present Lord
+Napier.</p>
+
+<p>Tradition affirms, that the hero of the song (be he who he may) was
+murdered by the brother, either of his wife, or betrothed bride. The
+alleged cause of malice was, the lady's father having proposed to endow
+her with half of his property, upon her marriage with a warrior of such
+renown. The name of the murderer is said to have been Annan, and the
+place of combat is still called Annan's Treat. It is a low muir, on the
+banks of the Yarrow, lying to the west of Yarrow Kirk. Two tall unhewn
+masses of stone are erected, about eighty yards distant from each other;
+and the least child, that can herd a cow, will tell the passenger, that
+there lie &quot;the two lords, who were slain in single combat.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It will be, with many readers, the greatest recommendation of these
+verses, that they are supposed to have suggested to Mr Hamilton, of
+Bangour, the modern ballad, beginning,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny bonny bride.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>A fragment, apparently regarding the story of the following ballad, but
+in a different measure, occurs in Mr Herd's MSS., and runs thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When I look cast, my heart is sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But when I look west, its mair and mair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For then I see the braes o' Yarrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And there, for aye, I lost my marrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Late at e'en, drinking the wine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ere they paid the lawing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They set a combat them between,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fight it in the dawing.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O stay at hame, my noble lord!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O stay at hame, my marrow!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My cruel brother will you betray</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the dowie houms of Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O fare ye weel, my ladye gaye!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O fare ye weel, my Sarah!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I maun gae, though I ne'er return,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Frae the dowie banks o' Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She kissed his cheek, she kaimed his hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As oft she had done before, O;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She belted him with his noble brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he's awa' to Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As he gaed up the Tennies bank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wot he gaed wi' sorrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till, down in a den, he spied nine arm'd men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the dowie houms of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O come ye here to part your land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The bonnie forest thorough?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or come ye here to wield your brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the dowie houms of Yarrow?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I come not here to part my land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And neither to beg nor borrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I come to wield my noble brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I see all, ye're nine to ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And that's an unequal marrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet will I fight, while lasts my brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Four has he hurt, and five has slain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the bloody braes of Yarrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till that stubborn knight came him behind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ran his bodie thorough.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae hame, gae hame, good-brother<a name="FNanchor_A_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_114"><sup>[A]</sup></a> John,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And tell your sister Sarah,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To come and lift her leafu' lord;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He's sleepin sound on Yarrow.&quot;&mdash;&mdash;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yestreen I dream'd a dolefu' dream;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I fear there will be sorrow!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I dream'd, I pu'd the heather green,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' my true love, on Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O gentle wind, that bloweth south,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;From where my love repaireth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Convey a kiss from his dear mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And tell me how he fareth!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But in the glen strive armed men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;They've wrought me dole and sorrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They've slain&mdash;the comeliest knight they've slain&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He bleeding lies on Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As she sped down yon high high hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She gaed wi' dole and sorrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And in the den spyed ten slain men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the dowie banks of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She kissed his cheek, she kaim'd his hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She search'd his wounds all thorough;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She kiss'd them, till her lips grew red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the dowie houms of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, haud your tongue, my daughter dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For a' this breeds but sorrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll wed ye to a better lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than him ye lost on Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O haud your tongue, my father dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye mind me but of sorrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer rose did never bloom</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than now lies cropp'd on Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_114">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Good-brother</i>&mdash;Beau-frere, Brother-in-law.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;">
+<a name="THE_GAY_GOSS_HAWK"></a><h2>THE GAY GOSS HAWK.</h2>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This Ballad is published, partly from one, under this title, in Mrs.</i>
+BROWN'S <i>Collection, and partly from a MS. of some antiquity,</i> penes
+Edit.&mdash;<i>The stanzas appearing to possess mo st merit have been selected
+from each copy.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O waly, waly, my gay goss hawk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gin your feathering be sheen!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And waly, waly, my master dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gin ye look pale and lean!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O have ye tint, at tournament,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Your sword, or yet your spear?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or mourn ye for the southern lass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Whom you may not win near?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I have not tint, at tournament,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My sword, nor yet my spear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But sair I mourn for my true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' mony a bitter tear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But weel's me on ye, my gay goss hawk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye can baith speak and flee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye sall carry a letter to my love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Bring an answer back to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But how sall I your true love find,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or how suld I her know?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I bear a tongue ne'er wi' her spake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An eye that ne'er her saw.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O weel sall ye my true love ken,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae sune as ye her see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, of a' the flowers of fair England,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The fairest flower is she.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The red, that's on my true love's cheik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Is like blood drops on the snaw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The white, that is on her breast bare,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Like the down o' the white sea-maw.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And even at my love's bour door</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There grows a flowering birk;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ye maun sit and sing thereon</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As she gangs to the kirk.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And four-and-twenty fair ladyes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Will to the mass repair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But weel may ye my ladye ken,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The fairest ladye there.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William has written a love letter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Put it under his pinion gray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he is awa' to Southern land</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as wings can gae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And even at that ladye's bour</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There grew a flowering birk;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he sat down and sang thereon</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As she gaed to the kirk.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And weel he kent that ladye fair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Amang her maidens free;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For the flower, that springs in May morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was not sae sweet as she.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He lighted at the ladye's yate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sat him on a pin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sang fu' sweet the notes o' love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till a' was cosh<a name="FNanchor_A_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_115"><sup>[A]</sup></a> within.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And first he sang a low low note,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And syne he sang a clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye the o'erword o' the sang</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was&mdash;&quot;Your love can no win here.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Feast on, feast on, my maidens a':</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The wine flows you amang:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;While I gang to my shot-window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And hear yon bonny bird's sang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The sang ye sung yestreen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For weel I ken, by your sweet singing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye are frae my true love sen'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O first he sang a merry sang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And syne he sang a grave;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And syne he peck'd his feathers gray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To her the letter gave.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Have there a letter from Lord William;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He says he's sent ye three:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He canna wait your love langer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But for your sake he'll die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And brew his bridal ale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I sall meet him at Mary's kirk</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lang, lang ere it be stale.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ladye's gane to her chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a moanfu' woman was she;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As gin she had ta'en a sudden brash,<a name="FNanchor_B_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_116"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And were about to die.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A boon, a boon, my father deir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;A boon I beg of thee!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ask not that paughty Scottish lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For him you ne'er shall see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, for your honest asking else,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wee! granted it shall be.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then, gin I die in Southern land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;In Scotland gar bury me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the first kirk that ye come to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye's gar the mass be sung;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the next kirk that ye come to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye's gar the bells be rung.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, when ye come to St Mary's kirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye's tarry there till night.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And so her father pledged his word,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And so his promise plight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She has ta'en her to her bigly bour</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as she could fare;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has drank a sleepy draught,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That she had mixed wi' care.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That was sae bright of blee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she seemed to be as surely dead</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As any one could be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then spak her cruel step-minnie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Take ye the burning lead,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And drap a drap on her bosome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To try if she be dead.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They took a drap o' boiling lead,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They drap'd it on her breast;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alas! alas!&quot; her father cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;She's dead without the priest.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She neither chatter'd with her teeth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor shiver'd with her chin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alas! alas!&quot; her father cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There is nae breath within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up arose her seven brethren,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And hew'd to her a bier;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hew'd it frae the solid aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Laid it o'er wi' silver clear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and gat her seven sisters,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sewed to her a kell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And every steek that they pat in</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sewed to a siller bell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The first Scots kirk that they cam to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They gar'd the bells be rung;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The next Scots kirk that they cam to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They gar'd the mass be sung.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But when they cam to St Mary's kirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There stude spearmen, all on a raw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And up and started Lord William,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The chieftane amang them a'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Set down, set down the bier,&quot; he said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Let me looke her upon:&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But as soon as Lord William touched her hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Her colour began to come.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She brightened like the lily flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till her pale colour was gone;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With rosy cheik, and ruby lip,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She smiled her love upon.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A morsel of your bread, my lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And one glass of your wine:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I hae fasted these three lang days,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;All for your sake and mine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gae hame and blaw your horn!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I trow you wad hae gien me the skaith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But I've gien you the scorn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Commend me to my grey father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That wish'd, my saul gude rest;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But wae be to my cruel step-dame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gar'd burn me on the breast.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ah! woe to you, you light woman!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An ill death may you die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For we left father and sisters at hame</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Breaking their hearts for thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_115">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Cosh</i>&mdash;Quiet.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_116">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Brash</i>&mdash;Sickness.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE GAY GOSS HAWK.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The red, that's on my true love's cheik,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Is like blood drops on the snaw.</i>&mdash;P. 362. v, 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>This simile resembles a passage in a MS. translation of an Irish Fairy
+tale, called <i>The Adventures of Faravla, Princess of Scotland, and
+Carral O'Daly, Son of Donogho More O'Daly, Chief Bard of Ireland.</i></p>
+
+<p>&quot;Faravla, as she entered her bower, cast her looks upon the earth, which
+was tinged with the blood of a bird which a raven had newly killed;
+'Like that snow,' said Faravla, 'was the complexion of my beloved, his
+cheeks like the sanguine traces thereon; whilst the raven recals to my
+memory the colour of his beautiful locks.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>There is also some resemblance, in the conduct of the story, betwixt the
+ballad and the tale just quoted. The Princess Faravla, being desperately
+in love with Carral O'Daly, dispatches in search of him a faithful
+confidant, who, by her magical art, transforms herself into a hawk, and,
+perching upon the windows of the bard, conveys to him information of the
+distress of the princess of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>In the ancient romance of <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, the simile of the &quot;blood drops
+upon snow&quot; likewise occurs:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A bride bright thai ches</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As blod open snoweing.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>BROWN ADAM.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>There is a copy of this Ballad in Mrs.</i> BROWN'S <i>Collection. The Editor
+has seen one, printed on a single sheet. The epithet, &quot;Smith,&quot; implies,
+probably, the sirname, not the profession, of the hero, who seems to
+have been an outlaw There is, however, in Mrs.</i> BROWN'S <i>copy, a verse
+of little merit here omitted, alluding to the implements of that
+occupation.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O wha wad wish the wind to blaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or the green leaves fa' therewith?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or wha wad, wish a lealer love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Than Brown Adam the smith?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But they hae banished him, Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Frae father and frae mother;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Frae sister and frae brother.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The flower o' a' his kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's bigged a hour in gude green-wood</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Atween his ladye and him.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It fell upon a summer's day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Brown Adam he thought lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, for to hunt some venison,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To green-wood he wald gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He has ta'en his bow his arm o'er,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His bolts and arrows lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he is to the gude green-wood</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As fast as he could gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's shot up, and he's shot down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The bird upon the brier;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's sent it hame to his ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Bade her be of gude cheir.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's shot up, and he's shot down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The bird upon the thorn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sent it hame to his ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Said he'd be hame the morn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he cam to his ladye's bour door</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He stude a little forbye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there he heard a fou fause knight</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tempting his gay ladye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he's ta'en out a gay goud ring,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Had cost him mony a poun',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O grant me love for love, ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And this shall be thy own.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I lo'e Brown Adam weel,&quot; she said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I trew sae does he me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wadna gie Brown Adam's love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For nae fause knight I see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out has he ta'en a purse o' gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was a' fou to the string,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O grant me love for love, ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a' this shall be thine.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I lo'e Brown Adam weel,&quot; she says;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot sae does he me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wad na be your light leman</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For mair than ye could gie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out he drew his lang bright brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And flashed it in her een;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now grant me love for love, ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or thro' ye this sall gang!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then, sighing, says that ladye fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Brown Adam tarries lang!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then in and starts him Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says&mdash;&quot;I'm just at your hand.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's gar'd him leave his bonny bow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He's gar'd him leave his brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's gar'd him leave a dearer pledge&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Four fingers o' his right hand.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JELLON GRAME.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is published from tradition, with some conjectural
+emendations. It is corrected by a copy in Mrs Brown's MS., from which
+it differs in the concluding stanzas. Some verses are apparently
+modernized.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jellon</i> seems to be the same name with <i>Jyllian</i> or <i>Julian</i>. &quot;Jyl of
+Brentford's Testament&quot; is mentioned in Warton's <i>History of Poetry,</i>
+Vol. II. p. 40. The name repeatedly occurs in old ballads, sometimes as
+that of a man, at other times as that of a woman. Of the former is
+an instance in the ballad of <i>&quot;Knight and the Shepherd's
+Daughter,&quot;&mdash;Reliques of Ancient Poetry,</i> Vol. III. p. 72.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some do call me Jack, sweetheart.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And some do call me <i>Jille</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>Witton Gilbert, a village four miles west of Durham, is, throughout the
+bishopric, pronounced Witton Jilbert. We have also the common name of
+Giles, always in Scotland pronounced Jill. For Gille, or Julianna, as
+a female name, we have <i>Fair Gillian</i> of Croyden, and a thousand
+authorities. Such being the case, the editor must enter his protest
+against the conversion of Gil Morrice, into child Maurice, an epithet
+of chivalry. All the circumstances in that ballad argue, that the
+unfortunate hero was an obscure and very young man, who had never
+received the honour of knighthood. At any rate, there can be no reason,
+even were internal evidence totally wanting, for altering a well known
+proper name, which, till of late years, has been the uniform title of
+the ballad.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JELLON GRAME.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O JELLON GRAME sat in Silverwood,<a name="FNanchor_A_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_117"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He sharped his broad sword lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has call'd his little foot page</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An errand for to gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Win up, my bonny boy,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As quickly as ye may;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For ye maun gang for Lillie Flower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Before the break of day.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The boy has buckled his belt about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And thro' the green-wood ran;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he cam to the ladye's bower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Before the day did dawn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O sleep ye, wake ye, Lillie Flower?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The red sun's on the rain:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're bidden come to Silverwood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But I doubt ye'll never win hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna ridden a mile, a mile,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A mile but barely three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere she cam to a new made grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beneath a green aik tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O then up started Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out of a bush thereby;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Light down, light down, now, Lillie Flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For its here that ye maun lye.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She lighted aff her milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And kneel'd upon her knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mercy, mercy, Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For I'm no prepared to die!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your bairn, that stirs between my sides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Maun shortly see the light;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But to see it weltering in my blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Would be a piteous sight.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O should I spare your life,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Until that bairn were born,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Full weel I ken your auld father</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Would hang me on the morn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O spare my life, now, Jellon Grame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My father ye need na dread:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll keep my babe in gude green-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or wi' it I'll beg my bread.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took no pity on Lillie Flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tho' she for life did pray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But pierced her thro' the fair body</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As at his feet she lay.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He felt nae pity for Lillie Flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where she was lying dead;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he felt some for the bonny bairn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That lay weltering in her bluid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up has he ta'en that bonny boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Given him to nurses nine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Three to sleep, and three to wake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And three to go between.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he bred up that bonny boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Called him his sister's son;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he thought no eye could ever see</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The deed that he had done.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O so it fell, upon a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When hunting they might be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They rested them in Silverwood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beneath that green aik tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And mony were the green-wood flowers</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Upon the grave that grew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And marvell'd much that bonny boy</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To see their lovely hue.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What's paler than the prymrose wan?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What's redder than the rose?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What's fairer than the lilye flower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On this wee know<a name="FNanchor_B_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_118"><sup>[B]</sup></a> that grows?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O out and answered Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he spak hastelie&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your mother was a fairer flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And lies beneath this tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;More pale she was, when she sought my grace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than prymrose pale and wan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And redder than rose her ruddy heart's blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That down my broad sword ran.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' that the boy has bent his bow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">It was baith stout and lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thro' and thro' him, Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He gar'd an arrow gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Lie ye there, now, Jellon Grame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My malisoun gang you wi'!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The place my mother lies buried in</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Is far too good for thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_117">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Silverwood, mentioned in this ballad, occurs in a medley
+MS song, which seems to have been copied from the first edition of the
+Aberdeen caurus, <i>penes</i> John G. Dalyell, esq. advocate. One line only
+is cited, apparently the beginning of some song:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Silverwood, gin ye were mine.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_118">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Wee know</i>&mdash;Little hillock.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>WILLIE'S LADYE.</p>
+
+<p>ANCIENT COPY.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Mr Lewis, in his <i>Tales of Wonder</i>, has presented the public with a copy
+of this ballad, with additions and alterations. The editor has also seen
+a copy, containing some modern stanzas, intended by Mr Jamieson, of
+Macclesfield, for publication in his Collection of Scottish Poetry. Yet,
+under these disadvantages, the editor cannot relinquish his purpose of
+publishing the old ballad, in its native simplicity, as taken from Mrs
+Brown of Faulkland's MS.</p>
+
+<p>Those, who wish to know how an incantation, or charm, of the distressing
+nature here described, was performed in classic days, may consult the
+story of Galanthis's Metamorphosis, in Ovid, or the following passage in
+Apuleius: <i>&quot;Eadem (Saga scilicet quaedam), amatoris uxorem, quod in sibi
+dicacule probrum dixerat, jam in sarcinam praegnationis, obsepto utero,
+et repigrato faetu, perpetua praegnatione damnavit. Et ut cuncti
+numerant, octo annorum onere, misella illa, velut elephantum paritura,
+distenditur.&quot;</i>&mdash;APUL. Metam. lib. 1.</p>
+
+<p>There is also a curious tale about a count of Westeravia, whom a
+deserted concubine bewitched upon his marriage, so as to preclude all
+hopes of his becoming a father. The spell continued to operate for
+three years, till one day, the count happening to meet with his former
+mistress, she maliciously asked him about the increase of his family.
+The count, conceiving some suspicion from her manner, craftily answered,
+that God had blessed him with three fine children; on which she
+exclaimed, like Willie's mother in the ballad, &quot;May Heaven confound
+the old hag, by whose counsel I threw an enchanted pitcher into the
+draw-well of your palace!&quot; The spell being found, and destroyed, the
+count became the father of a numerous family.&mdash;<i>Hierarchie of the
+Blessed Angels,</i> p. 474.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>WILLIE'S LADYE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Willie's ta'en him o'er the faem,<a name="FNanchor_A_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_119"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's wooed a wife, and brought her hame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's wooed her for her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But his mother wrought her meikle care;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And meikle dolour gar'd her drie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For lighter she can never be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But in her bower she sits wi' pain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Willie mourns o'er her in vain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And to his mother he has gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He says&mdash;&quot;My ladie has a cup,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' gowd and silver set about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This gudely gift sall be your ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And let her be lighter o' her young bairn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of her young bairn she's never be lighter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But she sall die, and turn to clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And you shall wed another may.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never wed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never bring hame.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, sighing, said that weary wight&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wish my life were at an end!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet gae ye to your mother again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And say, your ladye has a steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The like o' him's no in the land o' Leed.<a name="FNanchor_B_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_120"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For he is silver shod before,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And he is gowden shod behind;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;At every tuft of that horse mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's a golden chess<a name="FNanchor_C_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_121"><sup>[C]</sup></a>, and a bell to ring.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This gudely gift sall be her ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And let me be lighter o' my young bairn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But she sall die, and turn to clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ye sall wed another may.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never wed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never bring hame.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, sighing, said that weary wight&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wish my life were at an end!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet gae ye to your mother again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That vile rank witch, o' rankest kind!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And say, your ladye has a girdle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It is a' red gowd to the middle;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And aye, at ilka siller hem</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hang fifty siller bells and ten;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This gudely gift sall be her ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And let me be lighter o' my young bairn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor in your bour to shine the brighter;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For she sall die, and turn to clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And thou sall wed another may.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never wed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never bring hame.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, sighing, said that weary wight&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wish my days were at an end!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spak the Billy Blind,<a name="FNanchor_D_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_122"><sup>[D]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(He spak ay in a gude time:)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet gae ye to the market-place,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And there do buy a loaf of wace;<a name="FNanchor_E_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_123"><sup>[E]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Do shape it bairn and bairnly like,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And in it twa glassen een you'll put;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And bid her your boy's christening to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then notice weel what she shall do;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And do ye stand a little away,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To notice weel what she may saye.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">[<i>A stanza seems to be wanting. Willie is supposed to follow</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>the advice of the spirit.&mdash;His mother speaks.</i>]</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has loosed the nine witch knots,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That were amang that ladye's locks?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha's ta'en out the kaims o' care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That were amang that ladye's hair?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha has ta'en downe that bush o' woodbine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That hung between her bour and mine?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha has kill'd the master kid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That ran beneath that ladye's bed?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha has loosed her left foot shee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And let that ladye lighter be?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Syne, Willy's loosed the nine witch knots,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That were amang that ladye's locks;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Willy's ta'en out the kaims o' care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That were into that ladye's hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's ta'en down the bush o' woodbine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hung atween her bour and the witch carline;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has kill'd the master kid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That ran beneath that ladye's bed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has loosed her left foot shee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And latten that ladye lighter be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And now he has gotten a bonny son,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And meikle grace be him upon.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_119">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Faem</i>&mdash;The sea foam.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_120">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Land o' Leed</i>&mdash;Perhaps Lydia.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_121">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Chess</i>&mdash;Should probably be <i>jess</i>, the name of a hawk's
+bell.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_122">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Billy-Blind</i>&mdash;A familiar genius, or propitious spirit,
+somewhat similar to the <i>Brownie</i>. He is mentioned repeatedly in Mrs
+Brown's Ballads, but I have not met with him any where else, although he
+is alluded to in the rustic game of <i>Bogle</i> (i.e. <i>goblin) Billy-Blind</i>.
+The word is, indeed, used in Sir David Lindsay's plays, but apparently
+in a different sense&mdash;
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Preists sall leid you like ane <i>Billy Blinde</i>.&quot;</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">PINKERTON'S <i>Scottish Poems</i>, 1792, Vol. II. p. 232.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_123">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Wace</i>&mdash;Wax.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>CLERK SAUNDERS.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This romantic ballad is taken from Mr Herd's MSS., with several
+corrections from a shorter and more imperfect copy, in the same volume,
+and one or two conjectural emendations in the arrangement of the
+stanzas. The resemblance of the conclusion to the ballad, beginning,
+&quot;There came a ghost to Margaret's door,&quot; will strike every reader.&mdash;The
+tale is uncommonly wild and beautiful, and apparently very ancient.
+The custom of the passing bell is still kept up in many villages of
+Scotland. The sexton goes through the town, ringing a small bell, and
+announcing the death of the departed, and the time of the funeral.&mdash;The
+three concluding verses have been recovered since the first edition
+of this work; and I am informed by the reciter, that it was usual to
+separate from the rest, that part of the ballad which follows the death
+of the lovers, as belonging to another story. For this, however, there
+seems no necessity, as other authorities give the whole as a complete
+tale.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>CLERK SAUNDERS.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clerk Saunders and may Margaret</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Walked ower yon garden green;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sad and heavy was the love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That fell thir twa between.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A bed, a bed,&quot; Clerk Saunders said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;A bed for you and me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fye na, fye na,&quot; said may Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till anes we married be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For in may come my seven bauld brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' torches burning bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll say&mdash;'We hae but ae sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And behold she's wi' a knight!'</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then take the sword frae my scabbard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And slowly lift the pin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And you may swear, and safe your aith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye never let Clerk Saunders in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And take a napkin in your hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And tie up baith your bonny een;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And you may swear, and safe your aith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye saw me na since late yestreen.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It was about the midnight hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When they asleep were laid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When in and came her seven brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' torches burning red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When in and came her seven brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' torches shining bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They said, &quot;We hae but ae sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And behold her lying with a knight!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake the first o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I bear the sword shall gar him die!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the second o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;His father has nae mair than he!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the third o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot that they are lovers dear!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the fourth o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;They hae been in love this mony a year!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake the fifth o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It were great sin true love to twain!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the sixth o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It were shame to slay a sleeping man!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and gat the seventh o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And never a word spake he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he has striped<a name="FNanchor_A_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_124"><sup>[A]</sup></a> his bright brown brand</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out through Clerk Saunders' fair bodye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clerk Saunders he started, and Margaret she turned</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Into his arms as asleep she lay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sad and silent was the night</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That was atween thir twae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they lay still and sleeped sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Until the day began to daw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And kindly to him she did say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It is time, true love, you were awa'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he lay still, and sleeped sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Albeit the sun began to sheen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She looked atween her and the wa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dull and drowsie were his een.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then in and came her father dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Said&mdash;&quot;Let a' your mourning be:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll carry the dead corpse to the clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And I'll come back and comfort thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Comfort weel your seven sons;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For comforted will I never be:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ween 'twas neither knave nor lown</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Was in the bower last night wi' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The clinking bell gaed through the town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To carry the dead corse to the clay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Clerk Saunders stood at may Margaret's window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wot, an hour before the day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Are ye sleeping, Margaret?&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or are ye waking presentlie?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Give me my faith and troth again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot, true love, I gied to thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your faith and troth ye sall never get,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor our true love sall never twin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Until ye come within my bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And kiss me cheik and chin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My mouth it is full cold, Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It has the smell, now, of the ground;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I kiss thy comely mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Thy days of life will not be lang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot the wild fowls are boding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Give me my faith and troth again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And let me fare me on my way.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy faith and troth thou sall na get,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And our true love sall never twin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Until ye tell what comes of women,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot, who die in strong traivelling?&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_125"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Their beds are made in the heavens high,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Down at the foot of our good lord's knee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel set about wi' gillyflowers:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot sweet company for to see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O cocks are crowing a merry mid-night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I wot the wild fowl are boding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The psalms of heaven will soon be sung,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And I, ere now, will be missed away.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she has ta'en a crystal wand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And she has stroken her troth thereon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She has given it him out at the shot-window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wi' mony a sad sigh, and heavy groan.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I thank ye, Marg'ret; I thank ye, Marg'ret;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And aye I thank ye heartilie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin ever the dead come for the quick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Be sure, Marg'ret, I'll come for thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Its hosen and shoon, and gown alone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She climbed the wall, and followed him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until she came to the green forest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And there she lost the sight o' him.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Is there ony room at your head, Saunders?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Is there ony room at your feet?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or ony room at your side, Saunders,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Where fain, fain, I wad sleep?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's nae room at my head, Marg'ret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There's nae room at my feet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My bed it is full lowly now:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Amang the hungry worms I sleep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Cauld mould is my covering now,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But and my winding-sheet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The dew it falls nae sooner down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than my resting-place is weet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But plait a wand o' bonnie birk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And lay it on my breast;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And shed a tear upon my grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And wish my saul gude rest.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And fair Marg'ret, and rare Marg'ret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And Marg'ret o' veritie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin ere ye love another man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ne'er love him as ye did me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and crew the milk-white cock,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And up and crew the gray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her lover vanish'd in the air,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And she gaed weeping away.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_124">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Striped</i>&mdash;Thrust.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_125">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Traivelling</i>&mdash;Child-birth.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON CLERK SAUNDERS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Weel set about wi' gillyflowers.</i>&mdash;P. 394. v. 5.</p>
+
+<p>From whatever source the popular ideas of heaven be derived, the mention
+of gillyflowers is not uncommon. Thus, in the Dead Men's Song&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fields about this city faire</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Were all with roses set;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gillyflowers</i>, and carnations faire,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Which canker could not fret.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">RITSON'S <i>Ancient Songs</i>, p. 288.</span><br>
+
+<p>The description, given in the legend of <i>Sir Owain</i>, of the terrestrial
+paradise, at which the blessed arrive, after passing through purgatory,
+omits gillyflowers, though it mentions many others. As the passage is
+curious, and the legend has never been published, many persons may not
+be displeased to see it extracted&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair were her erbers with flowres,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose and lili divers colours,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Primrol and parvink;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mint, feverfoy, and eglenterre</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Colombin, and mo ther wer</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Than ani man mai bithenke.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It berth erbes of other maner,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than ani in erth groweth here,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tho that is lest of priis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Evermore thai grene springeth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For winter no somer it no clingeth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sweeter than licorice.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>But plait a wand o' bonnie birk</i>, &amp;c.&mdash;P. 396. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>The custom of binding the new-laid sod of the church-yard with osiers,
+or other saplings, prevailed both in England and Scotland, and served to
+protect the turf from injury by cattle, or otherwise. It is alluded to
+by Gay, in the <i>What d'ye call it</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stay, let me pledge, 'tis my last earthly liquor,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When I am dead you'll bind my grave with <i>wicker</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the <i>Shepherd's Week</i>, the same custom is alluded to, and the cause
+explained:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With <i>wicker rods</i> we fenced her tomb around,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To ward, from man and beast, the hallowed ground,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lest her new grave the parson's cattle raze,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For both his horse and cow the church-yard graze.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Fifth Pastoral.</i></span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>EARL RICHARD.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>There are two Ballads in Mr.</i> HERD'S <i>MSS. upon the following Story,
+in one of which the unfortunate Knight is termed</i> YOUNG HUNTIN. <i>A
+Fragment, containing from the sixth to the tenth verse, has been
+repeatedly published. The best verses are here selected from both
+copies, and some trivial alterations have been adopted from tradition.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O lady, rock never your young son young,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;One hour langer for me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I have a sweetheart in Garlioch Wells,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I love far better than thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The very sole o' that ladye's foot</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than thy face is far mair white.&quot;&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, nevertheless, now, Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye will bide in ray bower a' night?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She birled<a name="FNanchor_A_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_126"><sup>[A]</sup></a> him with the ale and wine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As they sat down to sup;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A living man he laid him down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But I wot he ne'er rose up.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spak the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That flew aboun her head;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lady! keep weel your green cleiding</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O better I'll keep my green cleiding</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Than thou canst keep thy clattering toung,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That trattles in thy head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She has call'd upon her bower maidens,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She has call'd them ane by ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There lies a deid man in my bour:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I wish that he were gane!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hae booted him, and spurred him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As he was wont to ride;&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A hunting-horn tied round his waist,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A sharp sword by his side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae had him to the wan water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For a' men call it Clyde.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spak the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That sat upon the tree&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What hae ye done wi' Erl Richard?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye were his gay ladye.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come down, come down, my bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And sit upon my hand;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And thou sall hae a cage o' gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Where thou hast but the wand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Awa! awa! ye ill woman:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nae cage o' gowd for me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As ye hae dune to Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae wad ye do to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna cross'd a rigg o' land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A rigg, but barely ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she met wi' his auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came riding all alane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where hae ye been, now, ladye fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Where hae ye been sae late?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We hae been seeking Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But him we canna get.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Erl Richard kens a' the fords in Clyde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He'll ride them ane by ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And though the night was ne'er sae mirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Erl Richard will he hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O it fell anes, upon a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The king was boun' to ride;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has mist him, Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Should hae ridden on his right side.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ladye turn'd her round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' meikle mournfu' din&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It fears me sair o' Clyde water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That he is drown'd therein.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gar douk, gar douk,&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_127"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the king he cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gar douk for gold and fee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha will douk for Erl Richard's sake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or wha will douk for me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They douked in at ae weil-head,<a name="FNanchor_C_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_128"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And out ay at the other;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We can douk nae mair for Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Although he were our brother.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It fell that, in that ladye's castle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The king was boun' to bed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And up and spake the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That flew abune his head.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Leave off your douking on the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And douk upon the night;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And where that sackless<a name="FNanchor_D_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_129"><sup>[D]</sup></a> knight lies slain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The candles will burn bright.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O there's a bird within this bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That sings baith sad and sweet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O there's a bird within your bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Keeps me frae my night's sleep.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They left the douking on the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And douked upon the night;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, where that sackless knight lay slain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The candles burned bright.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The deepest pot in a' the linn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They fand Erl Richard in;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A grene turf tyed across his breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To keep that gude lord down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When he saw the deadly wound&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has slain my right-hand man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That held my hawk and hound?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says&mdash;&quot;What needs a' this din?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It was his light lemman took his life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And hided him in the linn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She swore her by the grass, sae grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sae did she by the corn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She had na' seen him, Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Since Moninday at morn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Put na the wite on me,&quot; she said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It was my may Catherine.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they hae cut baith fern and thorn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To burn that maiden in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It wadna take upon her cheik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor yet upon her chin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor yet upon her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To cleanse the deadly sin.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A drap it never bled;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ladye laid her hand on him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And soon the 'ground was red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out they hae ta'en her, may Catherine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And put her mistress in:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The flame tuik fast upon her cheik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Tuik fast upon her chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tuik fast upon her faire bodye&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She burn'd like hollins green.<a name="FNanchor_E_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_130"><sup>[E]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_126">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Birled</i>&mdash;Plied.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_127">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Douk</i>&mdash;Dive.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_128">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Weil-heid</i>&mdash;Eddy.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_129">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sackless</i>&mdash;Guiltless.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_130">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Hollins green</i>&mdash;Green holly.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON EARL RICHARD.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The candles burned bright.</i>&mdash;P. 403. v. 4.</span><br>
+
+<p>These are unquestionably the corpse lights, called in Wales <i>Canhwyllan
+Cyrph</i>, which are sometimes seen to illuminate the spot where a dead
+body is concealed. The editor is informed, that, some years ago, the
+corpse of a man, drowned in the Ettrick, below Selkirk, was discovered
+by means of these candles. Such lights are common in churchyards, and
+are probably of a phosphoric nature. But rustic superstition derives
+them from supernatural agency, and supposes, that, as soon as life has
+departed, a pale flame appears at the window of the house, in which the
+person had died, and glides towards the church-yard, tracing through
+every winding the route of the future funeral, and pausing where the
+bier is to rest. This and other opinions, relating to the &quot;tomb-fires'
+livid gleam,&quot; seem to be of Runic extraction.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The deepest pot in a' the linn.</i>&mdash;P. 403. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>The deep holes, scooped in the rock by the eddies of a river, are called
+<i>pots;</i> the motion of the water having there some resemblance to a
+boiling cauldron.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Linn</i>, means the pool beneath a cataract.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>A drop it never bled.</i>&mdash;P. 405. v. I.</span><br>
+
+<p>This verse, which is restored from tradition, refers to a superstition
+formerly received in most parts of Europe, and even resorted to, by
+judicial authority, for the discovery of murder. In Germany, this
+experiment was called <i>bahr-recht</i>, or the law of the bier; because,
+the murdered body being stretched upon a bier, the suspected person was
+obliged to put one hand upon the wound, and the other upon the mouth
+of the deceased, and, in that posture, call upon heaven to attest his
+innocence. If, during this ceremony, the blood gushed from the mouth,
+nose, or wound, a circumstance not unlikely to happen in the course of
+shifting or stirring the body, it was held sufficient evidence of the
+guilt of the party.</p>
+
+<p>The same singular kind of evidence, although reprobated by Mathaeus and
+Carpzovius, was admitted in the Scottish criminal courts, at the short
+distance of one century. My readers may be amused by the following
+instances:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The laird of Auchindrane (Muir of Auchindrane, in Ayrshire) was accused
+of a horrid and private murder, where there were no witnesses, and which
+the Lord had witnessed from heaven, singularly by his own hand, and
+proved the deed against him. The corpse of the man being buried in
+Girvan church-yard, as a man cast away at sea, and cast out there, the
+laird of Colzean, whose servant he had been, dreaming of him in his
+sleep, and that he had a particular mark upon his body, came and took up
+the body, and found it to be the same person; and caused all that lived
+near by come and touch the corpse, as is usual in such cases. All round
+the place came but Auchindrane and his son, whom nobody suspected, till
+a young child of his, Mary Muir, seeing the people examined, came in
+among them; and, when she came near the dead body, it sprang out
+in bleeding; upon which they were apprehended, and put to the
+torture.&quot;&mdash;WODROW'S <i>History</i>, Vol. I. p. 513. The trial of Auchindrane
+happened in 1611. He was convicted and executed.&mdash;HUME'S <i>Criminal Law</i>,
+Vol. I. p. 428.</p>
+
+<p>A yet more dreadful case was that of Philip Standfield, tried upon the
+30th November, 1687, for cursing his father (which, by the Scottish law,
+is a capital crime, <i>Act 1661, Chap</i>. 20), and for being accessory
+to his murder. Sir James Standfield, the deceased, was a person of
+melancholy temperament; so that, when his body was found in a pond near
+his own house of Newmilns, he was at first generally supposed to have
+drowned himself. But, the body having been hastily buried, a report
+arose that he had been strangled by ruffians, instigated by his son
+Philip, a profligate youth, whom be had disinherited on account of his
+gross debauchery. Upon this rumour, the Privy Council granted warrant to
+two surgeons of character, named Crawford and Muirhead, to dig up the
+body, and to report the state in which they should find it. Philip
+was present on this occasion, and the evidence of both surgeons bears
+distinctly, that he stood for some time at a distance from the body
+of his parent; but, being called upon to assist in stretching out
+the corpse, he put his hand to the head, when the mouth and nostrils
+instantly gushed with blood. This circumstance, with the evident
+symptoms of terror and remorse, exhibited by young Standfield, seem to
+have had considerable weight with the jury, and are thus stated in the
+indictment: &quot;That his (the deceased's) nearest relations being required
+to lift the corpse into the coffin, after it had been inspected, upon
+the said Philip Standfield touching of it (<i>according to God's usual
+mode of discovering murder</i>), it bled afresh upon the said Philip; and
+that thereupon he let the body fall, and fled from it in the greatest
+consternation, crying, Lord have mercy upon me!&quot; The prisoner was found
+guilty of being accessory to the murder of his father, although there
+was little more than strong presumptions against him. It is true, he was
+at the same time separately convicted of the distinct crimes of having
+cursed his father, and drank damnation to the monarchy and hierarchy.
+His sentence, which was to have his tongue cut out, and hand struck off,
+previous to his being hanged, was executed with the utmost rigour. He
+denied the murder with his last breath. &quot;It is,&quot; says a contemporary
+judge, &quot;a dark case of divination, to be remitted to the great day,
+whether he was guilty or innocent. Only it is certain he
+was a bad youth, and may serve as a beacon to all profligate
+persons.&quot;&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL'S <i>Decisions</i>, Vol. I. p. 483.</p>
+
+<p>While all ranks believed alike the existence of these prodigies, the
+vulgar were contented to refer them to the immediate interference of the
+Deity, or, as they termed it, God's revenge against murder. But those,
+who, while they had overleaped the bounds of superstition, were still
+entangled in the mazes of mystic philosophy, amongst whom we must
+reckon many of the medical practitioners, endeavoured to explain the
+phenomenon, by referring to the secret power of sympathy, which even
+Bacon did not venture to dispute. To this occult agency was imputed the
+cure of wounds, effected by applying salves and powders, not to
+the wound itself, but to the sword or dagger, by which it had been
+inflicted; a course of treatment, which, wonderful as it may at first
+seem, was certainly frequently attended with signal success.<a name="FNanchor_A_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_131"><sup>[A]</sup></a> This,
+however, was attributed to magic, and those, who submitted to such a
+mode of cure, were refused spiritual assistance.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_131">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The first part of the process was to wash the wound clean,
+and bind it up so as to promote adhesion, and exclude the air. Now,
+though the remedies, afterwards applied to the sword, could hardly
+promote so desirable an issue, yet it is evident the wound stood a good
+chance of healing by the operation of nature, which, I believe, medical
+gentlemen call a cure by the first intention.</p></div>
+
+<p>The vulgar continue to believe firmly in the phenomenon of the murdered
+corpse bleeding at the approach of the murderer. &quot;Many (I adopt the
+words of an ingenious correspondent) are the proofs advanced in
+confirmation of the opinion, against those who are so hardy as to doubt
+it; but one, in particular, as it is said to have happened in this
+place, I cannot help repeating.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Two young men, going a fishing in the river Yarrow, fell out; and so
+high ran the quarrel, that the one, in a passion, stabbed the other to
+the heart with a fish spear. Astonished &quot;at the rash act, he hesitated
+whether to fly, give himself up to justice, or conceal the crime; and,
+in the end, fixed on the latter expedient, burying the body of his
+friend very deep in the sands. As the meeting had been accidental, he
+was never from gaiety to a settled melancholy. Time passed on for
+the space of fifty years, when a smith, fishing near the same place,
+discovered an uncommon and curious bone, which he put in his pocket,
+and afterwards showed to some people in his smithy. The murderer being
+present, now an old white-headed man, leaning on his staff, desired a
+sight of the little bone; but how horrible was the issue! no sooner had
+he touched it, than it streamed with purple blood. Being told where it
+was found, he confessed the crime, was condemned, but was prevented, by
+death, from suffering the punishment due to his crime.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Such opinions, though reason forbids us to believe them, a few moments
+reflection on the cause of their origin will teach us to revere. Under
+the feudal system which prevailed, the rights of humanity were too often
+violated, and redress very hard to be procured; thus an awful deference
+to one of the leading attributes of Omnipotence begat on the mind,
+untutored by philosophy, the first germ of these supernatural effects;
+which was, by superstitious zeal, assisted, perhaps, by a few instances
+of sudden remorse, magnified into evidence of indisputable guilt.&quot;</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.</p>
+
+<p>NOW FIRST PUBLISHED IN A PERFECT STATE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Lochroyan, whence this ballad probably derives its name, lies in
+Galloway. The lover, who, if the story be real, may be supposed to have
+been detained by sickness, is represented, in the legend, as confined by
+Fairy charms in an enchanted castle situated in the sea. The ruins of
+ancient edifices are still visible on the summits of most of those
+small islands, or rather insulated rocks, which lie along the coast of
+Ayrshire and Galloway; as Ailsa and Big Scaur.</p>
+
+<p>This edition of the ballad obtained is composed of verses selected from
+three MS. copies, and two from recitation. Two of the copies are in
+Herd's MSS.; the third in that of Mrs Brown of Falkland.</p>
+
+<p>A fragment of the original song, which is sometimes denominated <i>Lord
+Gregory</i>, or <i>Love Gregory</i>, was published in Mr Herd's Collection,
+1774, and, still more fully, in that of Laurie and Symington, 1792. The
+story has been celebrated both by Burns and Dr Wolcott.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha will shoe my bonny foot?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And wha will glove my hand?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha will lace my middle jimp</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;W' a lang lang linen band?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha will kame my yellow hair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;With a new made silver kame?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha will father my young son</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till Lord Gregory come hame?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy father will shoe thy bonny foot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Thy mother will glove thy hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy sister will lace thy middle jimp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till Lord Gregory come to land.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy brother will kame thy yellow hair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;With a new made silver kame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And God will be thy bairn's father</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Till Lord Gregory come hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I will get a bonny boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And I will sail the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I will gang to Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Since he canna come hame to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Syne she's gar'd build a bonny boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To sail the salt salt sea:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sails were o' the light-green silk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The tows<a name="FNanchor_A_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_132"><sup>[A]</sup></a> o' taffety.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna sailed but twenty leagues,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But twenty leagues and three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she met wi' a rank robber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a' his company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now whether are ye the queen hersell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;(For so ye weel might be)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or are ye the lass of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Seekin' Lord Gregory?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I am neither the queen,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor sic I seem to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am the lass of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Seekin' Lord Gregory.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O see na thou yon bonny bower?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Its a' covered o'er wi' tiu:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When thou hast sailed it round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Lord Gregory is within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when she saw the stately tower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shining sae clear and bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whilk stood aboon the jawing<a name="FNanchor_B_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_133"><sup>[B]</sup></a> wave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Built on a rock of height;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Row the boat, my mariners,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And bring me to the land!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For yonder I see my love's castle</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Close by the salt sea strand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sailed it round, and sailed it round,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loud, loud, cried she&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now break, now break, ye Fairy charms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And set my true love free!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's ta'en her young son in her arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And to the door she's gane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And long she knocked, and sair she ca'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But answer got she nane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O open the door, Lord Gregory!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O open, and let me in!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For the wind blaws through my yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And the rain drops o'er my chin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Awa, awa, ye ill woman!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye're no come here for good!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're but some witch, or wil warlock,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or mermaid o' the flood.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am neither witch, nor wil warlock,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor mermaid o' the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am Annie of Lochroyan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O open the door to me!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin thou be Annie of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;(As I trow thou binna she)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now tell me some o' the love tokens</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That past between thee and me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O dinna ye mind, Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As we sat at the wine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We chang'd the rings frae our fingers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And I can shew thee thine?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O your's was gude, and gude enough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But ay the best was mine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For your's was o' the gude red gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But mine o' the diamond fine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And has na thou mind, Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As we sat on the hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou twin'd me o' my maidenheid</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Right sair against my will?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, open the door, Lord Gregory!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Open the door, I pray!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For thy young son is in my arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And will be dead ere day.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If thou be the lass of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;(As I kenna thou be)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tell me some mair o' the love tokens</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Past between me and thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Annie turned her round about&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Weel! since that it be sae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;May never woman, that has borne a son,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Hae a heart sae fu' o' wae!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Take down, take down, that mast o' gowd!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Set up a mast o' tree!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It disna become a forsaken lady.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To sail sae royallie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the cock had crawn, and the day did dawn.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And the sun began to peep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and raise him, Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And sair, sair did he weep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I wish it may prove true!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That the bonny lass of Lochroyan</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Was at the yate e'en now.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The thought o't gars me greet!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That fair Annie o' Lochroyan</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Lay cauld dead at my feet.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin it be for Annie of Lochroyan</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ye make a' this din,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She stood a' last night at your door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But I trow she wanna in.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wae betide ye, ill woman!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An ill deid may ye die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That wadna open the door to her,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor yet wad waken me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's gane down to yon shore side</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as he could fare;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He saw fair Annie in the boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But the wind it tossed her sair.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And hey Annie, and how Annie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O Annie, winna ye bide!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But ay the mair he cried Annie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The braider grew the tide.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And hey Annie, and how Annie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Dear Annie, speak to me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But ay the louder he cried Annie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The louder roared the sea.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The wind blew loud, the sea grew rough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And dashed the boat on shore;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Annie floated through the faem,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But the babie raise no more.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord Gregory tore his yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And made a heavy moan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Annie's corpse lay at his feet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her bonny young son was gone.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O cherry, cherry was her cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And gowden was her hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But clay-cold were her rosy lips&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nae spark o' life was there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And first he kissed her cherry cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And syne he kissed her chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And syne he kissed her rosy lips&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">There was nae breath within.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wae betide my cruel mother!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An ill death may she die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She turned my true love frae my door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Wha came sae far to me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wae betide my cruel mother!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An ill death may she die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She turned fair Annie frae my door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Wha died for love o' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_132">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Tows</i>&mdash;Ropes.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_133">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Jawing</i>&mdash;Dashing.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILLY.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This legendary Tale is given chiefly from Mrs.</i> BROWN'S <i>MS.
+Accordingly, many of the rhymes arise from the Northern mode of
+pronunciation; as</i> dee <i>for</i> do, <i>and the like.&mdash;Perhaps the Ballad may
+have originally related to the history of the celebrated</i> ROBIN HOOD;
+<i>as mention is made of Barnisdale, his favourite abode.</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Rose the Red, and White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Their mother deir was dead:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And their father has married an ill woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wished them twa little guid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But she had twa as gallant sons</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As ever brake man's bread;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the tane o' them lo'ed her, White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And the tother Rose the Red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O bigged hae they a bigly bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Fast by the roaring strand;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there was mair mirth in the ladyes' bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nor in a' their father's land.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But out and spake their step-mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As she stood a little forebye&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hope to live and play the prank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Sall gar your loud sang lie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's call'd upon her eldest son;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Cum here, my son, to me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It fears me sair, my bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That ye maun sail the sea.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin sae it maun be, my deir mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Your bidding I maun dee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, be never waur to Rose the Red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Than ye hae been to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's called upon her youngest son;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Cum here, my son, to me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It fears me sair, my Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That ye maun sail the sea.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin it fear ye sair, my mother deir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Your bidding I sall dee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, be never waur to White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Than ye hae been to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now hand your tongues, ye foolish boys!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For small sall be their part:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They ne'er again sall see your face,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gin their very hearts suld break.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sae Bauld Arthur's gane to our king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His hie chamberlain to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But Brown Robin, he has slain a knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to grene-wood he did flee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Rose the Red, and White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Saw their twa loves were gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sune did they drop the loud loud sang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Took up the still mourning.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out then spake her White Lilly;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My sister, we'll be gane:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Why suld we stay in Barnisdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To mourn our hour within?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O cutted hae they their green cloathing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune their knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sae hae they their yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune their bree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And left hae they that bonny hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To cross the raging sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae ta'en to a holy chapel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Was christened by Our Ladye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae changed their twa names,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sae far frae ony toun;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the tane o' them's hight Sweet Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And the tother's Rouge the Rounde.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Between the twa a promise is,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And they hae sworn it to fulfill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whenever the tane blew a bugle-horn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The tother suld cum her till.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet Willy's gane to the king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her true love for to see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Rouge the Rounde to gude grene-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Brown Robin's man to be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O it fell anes, upon a time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They putted at the stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seven foot ayont them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Brown Robin's gar'd it gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She lifted the heavy putting-stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And gave a sad &quot;O hon!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out bespake him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But that's a woman's moan!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O kent ye by my rosy lips?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or by my yellow hair?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or kent ye by my milk-white breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye never yet saw bare?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I kent na by your rosy lips,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor by your yellow hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, cum to your bour whaever likes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They'll find a ladye there.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O gin ye come my bour within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Through fraud, deceit, or guile,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I vow I will thee kill.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet durst I cum into your bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And ask nae leave,&quot; quo' he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wave danger back on thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About the dead hour o' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The ladye's bour was broken;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, about the first hour o' the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The fair knave bairn was gotten.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When days were gane, and months were come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The ladye was sad and wan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye she cried for a bour woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For to wait her upon.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And what needs this?&quot; quo' he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or what can woman do for you,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That canna be done by me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Twas never my mother's fashion,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor shall it e'er be mine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That belted knights should e'er remain</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;While ladyes dree'd their pain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, gin ye take that bugle-horn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And wind a blast sae shrill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hae a brother in yonder court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Will cum me quickly till.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O gin ye hae a brother on earth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That ye lo'e mair than me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye may blaw the horn yoursell,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For a blast I winna gie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's ta'en the bugle in her hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And blawn baith loud and shrill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet William started at the sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And cam her quickly till.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O up and starts him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And swore by Our Ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;No man shall cum into this hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But first maun fight wi' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they hae fought the wood within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Till the sun was going down;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And drops o' blood, frae Rose the Red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Came pouring to the ground.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She leant her back against an aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Said&mdash;&quot;Robin, let me be:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For it is a ladye, bred and born,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That has fought this day wi' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O seven foot he started back.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Cried&mdash;&quot;Alas and woe is me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I wished never, in all my life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A woman's bluid to see:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And that all for the knightly vow</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I swore to Our Ladye;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But mair for the sake o' ae fair maid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Whose name was White Lilly.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake her, Rouge the Rounde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And leugh right heartilie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She has been wi' you this year and mair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Though ye wistna it was she.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now word has gane through all the land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Before a month was gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That a forester's page, in gude grene-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Had borne a bonny son.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The marvel gaed to the king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to the king himsell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, by my fay,&quot; the king did say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The like was never heard tell!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake him, Bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And laugh'd right loud and hie&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I trow some may has plaid the lown,<a name="FNanchor_A_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_134"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And fled her ain countrie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Bring me my steid!&quot; the king can say;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My bow and arrows keen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'll gae hunt in yonder wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And see what's to be seen.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin it please your grace,&quot; quo' Bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My liege, I'll gang you wi';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And see gin I can meet a bonny page,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That's stray'd awa frae me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae chaced in gude grene-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The buck but and the rae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till they drew near Brown Robin's hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">About the close o' day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Arthur, look and see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin you be not your favourite page,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That leans against yon tree.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Arthur's ta'en a bugle-horn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And blawn a blast sae shrill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet Willie started to her feet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ran him quickly till.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wanted ye your meat, Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or wanted ye your fee?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or gat ye e'er an angry word,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ye ran awa frae me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wanted nought, my master dear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To me ye aye was good:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I cam to see my ae brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That wons in this grene-wood.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out bespake the king again,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My boy, now tell to me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Who dwells into yon bigly bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Beneath yon green aik tree?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O pardon me,&quot; said Sweet Willy;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My liege I dare na tell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And gang na near yon outlaw's bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For fear they suld you kill.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hand your tongue, my bonny boy!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I winna be said nay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I will gang yon hour within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Betide me weal or wae.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They have lighted frae their milk-white steids,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And saftly entered in;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there they saw her, White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nursing her bonny young son.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, by the mass,&quot; the king he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This is a comely sight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I trow, instead of a forester's man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This is a ladye bright!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O out and spake her, Rose the Red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And fell low on her knee:&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O pardon us, my gracious liege,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And our story I'll tell thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Our father is a wealthy lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Lives into Barnisdale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But we had a wicked step-mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That wrought us meikle bale.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet had she twa as fu' fair sons,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As e'er the sun did see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the tane o' them lo'ed my sister deir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And the tother said he lo'ed me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and cried him, Bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As by the king he stood,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, by the faith of my body,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This suld be Rose the Red!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has sent for robes o' grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And girdles o' shining gold;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sae sune have the ladyes busked themselves,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sae glorious to behold.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then in and came him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Frae hunting o' the king's deer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But when he saw the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He started back for fear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has ta'en Robin by the hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And bade him nothing dread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But quit for aye the gude grene wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And cum to the court wi' speed.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has ta'en White Lilly's son,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And set him on his knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Gin ye live to wield a brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My bowman thou sall be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They have ta'en them to the holy chapelle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And there had fair wedding;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when they cam to the king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For joy the bells did ring.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_134">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Lown</i>&mdash;Rogue.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.</p>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12882 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #12882 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12882)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. II
+(of 3), by Walter Scott
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. II (of 3)
+       Consisting Of Historical And Romantic Ballads, Collected In The
+       Southern Counties Of Scotland; With A Few Of Modern Date, Founded
+       Upon Local Tradition
+       
+
+Author: Walter Scott
+
+Release Date: July 11, 2004 [EBook #12882]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MINSTRELSY, VOL. II ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Shawn Cruze and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER:
+
+
+CONSISTING OF
+HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC BALLADS,
+COLLECTED
+IN THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES OF SCOTLAND; WITH A FEW
+OF MODERN DATE, FOUNDED UPON
+LOCAL TRADITION.
+
+
+IN THREE VOLUMES.
+
+
+VOL. II.
+
+
+ The songs, to savage virtue dear.
+ That won of yore the public ear,
+ Ere Polity, sedate and sage,
+ Had quench'd the fires of feudal rage.--WARTON.
+
+
+THIRD EDITION.
+
+1806.
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+TO
+THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+
+LESLEY'S MARCH
+The Battle of Philiphaugh
+The Gallant Grahams
+The Battle of Pentland Hills
+The Battle of Loudonhill
+The Battle of Bothwell-bridge
+
+
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+_ROMANTIC BALLADS._
+
+
+Scottish Music, an Ode
+Introduction to the Tale of Tamlane
+The Young Tamlane
+Erlinton
+The Twa Corbies
+The Douglas Tragedy
+Young Benjie
+Lady Anne
+Lord William
+The Broomfield-Hill
+Proud Lady Margaret
+The Original Ballad of the Broom of Cowdenknows
+Lord Randal
+Sir Hugh Le Blond
+Graeme and Bewick
+The Duel of Wharton and Stuart, Part I.
+    Part II.
+The Lament of the Border Widow
+Fair Helen of Kirkonnel, Part I.
+    Part II.
+Hughie the Graeme
+Johnie of Breadislee
+Katherine Janfarie
+The Laird o' Logie
+A Lyke-wake Dirge
+The Dowie Dens of Yarrow
+The Gay Goss Hawk
+Brown Adam
+Jellon Grame
+Willie's Ladye
+Clerk Saunders
+Earl Richard
+The Lass of Lochroyan
+Rose the Red and White Lilly
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER.
+
+
+PART FIRST.--CONTINUED.
+
+_HISTORICAL BALLADS._
+
+
+
+
+LESLY'S MARCH.
+
+
+  "But, O my country! how shall memory trace
+  "Thy glories, lost in either Charles's days,
+  "When through thy fields destructive rapine spread,
+  "Nor sparing infants' tears, nor hoary head!
+  "In those dread days, the unprotected swain
+  "Mourn'd, in the mountains, o'er his wasted plain;
+  "Nor longer vocal, with the shepherd's lay,
+  "Were Yarrow's banks, or groves of Endermay."
+      LANGHORN--_Genius and Valour_.
+
+
+Such are the verses, in which a modern bard has painted the desolate
+state of Scotland, during a period highly unfavourable to poetical
+composition. Yet the civil and religious wars of the seventeenth century
+have afforded some subjects for traditionary poetry, and the reader is
+here presented with the ballads of that disastrous aera. Some prefatory
+history may not be unacceptable.
+
+That the Reformation was a good and a glorious work, few will be such
+slavish bigots as to deny. But the enemy came, by night, and sowed tares
+among the wheat; or rather; the foul and rank soil, upon which the seed
+was thrown, pushed forth, together with the rising crop, a plentiful
+proportion of pestilential weeds. The morals of the reformed clergy were
+severe; their learning was usually respectable, sometimes profound;
+and their eloquence, though often coarse, was vehement, animated, and
+popular. But they never could forget, that their rise had been achieved
+by the degradation, if not the fall, of the crown; and hence, a body of
+men, who, in most countries, have been attached to monarchy, were in
+Scotland, for nearly two centuries, sometimes the avowed enemies, always
+the ambitious rivals, of their prince. The disciples of Calvin could
+scarcely avoid a tendency to democracy, and the republican form of
+church government was sometimes hinted at, as no unfit model for the
+state; at least, the kirkmen laboured to impress, upon their followers
+and hearers, the fundamental principle, that the church should be solely
+governed by those, unto whom God had given the spiritual sceptre. The
+elder Melvine, in a conference with James VI., seized the monarch by the
+sleeve, and, addressing him as _God's sillie vassal_, told him, "There
+are two kings, and two kingdomes. There is Christ, and his kingdome, the
+kirke; whose subject King James the sixth is, and of whose kingdome he
+is not a king, nor a head, nor a lord, but a member; and they, whom
+Christ hath called and commanded to watch ower his kirke, and govern his
+spiritual kingdome, have sufficient authorise and power from him so to
+do; which no christian king, no prince, should controul or discharge,
+but fortifie and assist: otherwise they are not faithful subjects to
+Christ."--_Calderwood_, p. 329. The delegated theocracy, thus sternly
+claimed, was exercised with equal rigour. The offences in the king's
+household fell under their unceremonious jurisdiction, and he was
+formally reminded of his occasional neglect to say grace before and
+after meat--his repairing to hear the word more rarely than was
+fitting--his profane banning and swearing, and keeping of evil
+company--and finally, of his queen's carding, dancing, night-walking,
+and such like profane pastimes.--_Calderwood_, p. 313. A curse, direct
+or implied, was formally denounced against every man, horse, and spear,
+who should assist the king in his quarrel with the Earl of Gowrie; and
+from the pulpit, the favourites of the listening sovereign were likened
+to Haman, his wife to Herodias, and he himself to Ahab, to Herod, and
+to Jeroboam. These effusions of zeal could not be very agreeable to the
+temper of James: and accordingly, by a course of slow, and often crooked
+and cunning policy, he laboured to arrange the church-government upon
+a less turbulent and menacing footing. His eyes were naturally turned
+towards the English hierarchy, which had been modelled, by the despotic
+Henry VIII., into such a form, as to connect indissolubly the interest
+of the church with that of the regal power.[A] The Reformation, in
+England, had originated in the arbitrary will of the prince; in
+Scotland, and in all other countries of Europe, it had commenced among
+insurgents of the lower ranks. Hence, the deep and essential
+difference which separated the Huguenots, the Lutherans, the Scottish
+presbyterians, and, in fine, all the other reformed churches, from that
+of England. But James, with a timidity which sometimes supplies the
+place of prudence, contented himself with gradually imposing upon the
+Scottish nation a limited and moderate system of episcopacy, which,
+while it gave to a proportion of the churchmen a seat in the council of
+the nation, induced them to look up to the sovereign, as the power to
+whose influence they owed their elevation. But, in other respects, James
+spared the prejudices of his subjects; no ceremonial ritual was imposed
+upon their consciences; the pastors were reconciled by the prospect of
+preferment,[B] the dress and train of the bishops were plain and decent;
+the system of tythes was placed upon a moderate and unoppressive
+footing;[C] and, perhaps, on the whole, the Scottish hierarchy contained
+as few objectionable points as any system of church-government in
+Europe. Had it subsisted to the present day, although its doctrines
+could not have been more pure, nor its morals more exemplary, than those
+of the present kirk of Scotland, yet its degrees of promotion might have
+afforded greater encouragement to learning, and objects of laudable
+ambition to those, who might dedicate themselves to its service. But
+the precipitate bigotry of the unfortunate Charles I. was a blow to
+episcopacy in Scotland, from which it never perfectly recovered.
+
+[Footnote A: Of this the Covenanters were so sensible, as to trace
+(what they called) the Antichristian hierarchy, with its idolatry,
+superstition, and human inventions, "to the prelacy of England, the
+fountain whence all these Babylonish streams issue unto us."--See their
+manifesto on entering England, in 1640.]
+
+[Footnote B: Many of the preachers, who had been loudest in the cause of
+presbytery, were induced to accept of bishoprics. Such was, for example,
+William Cooper, who was created bishop of Galloway. This recreant Mass
+John was a hypochondriac, and conceived his lower extremities to be
+composed of glass; hence, on his court advancement, the following
+epigram was composed:
+
+    _"Aureus heu! frugilem confregit malleus urnam."_]
+
+[Footnote C: This part of the system was perfected in the reign of
+Charles I.]
+
+It has frequently happened, that the virtues of the individual, at least
+their excess (if, indeed, there can be an excess in virtue), have been
+fatal to the prince. Never was this more fully exemplified than in the
+history of Charles I. His zeal for religion, his family affection, the
+spirit with which he defended his supposed rights, while they do honour
+to the man, were the fatal shelves upon which the monarchy was wrecked.
+Impatient to accomplish the total revolution, which his father's
+cautious timidity had left incomplete, Charles endeavoured at once to
+introduce into Scotland the church-government, and to renew, in England,
+the temporal domination, of his predecessor, Henry VIII. The furious
+temper of the Scottish nation first took fire; and the brandished
+footstool of a prostitute[A] gave the signal for civil dissension,
+which ceased not till the church was buried under the ruins of the
+constitution; till the nation had stooped to a military despotism; and
+the monarch to the block of the executioner.
+
+[Footnote A: "_Out, false loon! wilt thou say the mass at my lug
+(ear)_," was the well known exclamation of Margaret Geddes, as she
+discharged her missile tripod against the bishop of Edinburgh, who,
+in obedience to the orders of the privy-council, was endeavouring to
+rehearse the common prayer. Upon a seat more elevated, the said Margaret
+had shortly before done penance, before the congregation, for the sin of
+fornication: such, at least, is the tory tradition.]
+
+The consequence of Charles' hasty and arbitrary measures were soon
+evident. The united nobility, gentry, and clergy of Scotland, entered
+into the SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, by which memorable deed, they
+subscribed and swore a national renunciation of the hierarchy. The walls
+of the prelatic Jericho (to use the language of the times) were thus
+levelled with the ground, and the curse of Hiel, the Bethelite,
+denounced against those who should rebuild them. While the clergy
+thundered, from the pulpits, against the prelatists and malignants (by
+which names were distinguished the scattered and heartless adherents of
+Charles), the nobility and gentry, in arms, hurried to oppose the march
+of the English army, which now advanced towards their borders. At the
+head of their defensive forces they placed Alexander Lesley, who, with
+many of his best officers, had been trained to war under the great
+Gustavus Adolphus. They soon assembled an army of 26,000 men, whose
+camp, upon Dunse-law, is thus described by an eye-witness.
+
+"Mr Baillie acknowledges, that it was an agreeable feast to his eyes,
+to survey the place: it is a round hill, about a Scots mile in circle,
+rising, with very little declivity, to the height of a bow-shot, and the
+head somewhat plain, and near a quarter of a mile in length and breadth;
+on the top it was garnished with near forty field pieces, pointed
+towards the east and south. The colonels, who were mostly noblemen, as
+Rothes, Cassilis, Eglinton, Dalhousie, Lindsay, Lowdon, Boyd, Sinclair,
+Balcarras, Flemyng, Kirkcudbright, Erskine, Montgomery, Yester, &c.
+lay in large tents at the head of their respective regiments; their
+captains, who generally were barons, or chief gentlemen, lay around
+them: next to these were the lieutenants, who were generally old
+veterans, and had served in that, or a higher station, over sea; and the
+common soldiers lay outmost, all in huts of timber, covered with divot,
+or straw. Every company, which, according to the first plan, did consist
+of two hundred men, had their colours flying at the captain's tent door,
+with the Scots arms upon them, and this motto, in golden letters, "FOR
+CHRIST'S CROWN AND COVENANT." Against this army, so well arrayed and
+disciplined, and whose natural hardihood was edged and exalted by a high
+opinion of their sacred cause, Charles marched at the head of a large
+force, but divided, by the emulation of the commanders, and enervated,
+by disuse of arms. A faintness of spirit pervaded the royal army, and
+the king stooped to a treaty with his Scottish subjects. The treaty was
+soon broken; and, in the following year, Dunse-law again presented the
+same edifying spectacle of a presbyterian army. But the Scots were not
+contented with remaining there. They passed the Tweed; and the English
+troops, in a skirmish at Newburn, shewed either more disaffection,
+or cowardice, than had at any former period disgraced their national
+character. This war was concluded by the treaty of Rippon; in
+consequence of which, and of Charles's concessions, made during his
+subsequent visit to his native country, the Scottish parliament
+congratulated him on departing "a contented king, from a contented
+people." If such content ever existed, it was of short duration.
+
+The storm, which had been soothed to temporary rest in Scotland, burst
+forth in England with treble violence. The popular clamour accused
+Charles, or his ministers, of fetching into Britain the religion of
+Rome, and the policy of Constantinople. The Scots felt most keenly the
+first, and the English the second, of these aggressions. Accordingly,
+when the civil war of England broke forth, the Scots nation, for a time,
+regarded it in neutrality, though not with indifference. But, when the
+successes of a prelatic monarch, against a presbyterian parliament, were
+paving the way for rebuilding the system of hierarchy, they could no
+longer remain inactive. Bribed by the delusive promise of Sir Henry
+Vane, and Marshall, the parliamentary commissioners, that the church of
+England should be reformed, _according to the word of God_, which, they
+fondly believed, amounted to an adoption of presbytery, they agreed to
+send succours to their brethren of England. Alexander Lesly, who ought
+to have ranked among the _contented_ subjects, having been raised by the
+king to the honours of Earl of Leven, was, nevertheless, readily induced
+to accept the command of this second army. Doubtless, where insurrection
+is not only pardoned, but rewarded, a monarch has little right to expect
+gratitude for benefits, which all the world, as well as the receiver,
+must attribute to fear. Yet something is due to decency; and the best
+apology for Lesly, is his zeal for propagating presbyterianism in
+England, the bait which had caught the whole parliament of Scotland.
+But, although the Earl of Leven was commander in chief, David Lesly, a
+yet more renowned and active soldier than himself, was major-general of
+the cavalry, and, in truth, bore away the laurels of the expedition.
+
+The words of the following march, which was played in the van of this
+presbyterian crusade, were first published by Allan Ramsay, in his
+_Evergreen_; and they breathe the very spirit we might expect. Mr
+Ritson, in his collection of Scottish songs, has favoured the public
+with the music, which seems to have been adapted to the bagpipes.
+
+The hatred of the old presbyterians to the organ was, apparently,
+invincible. It is here vilified with the name of a "_chest-full of
+whistles_," as the episcopal chapel at Glasgow was, by the vulgar,
+opprobriously termed the _Whistling Kirk_. Yet, such is the revolution
+of sentiment upon this, as upon more important points, that reports have
+lately been current, of a plan to introduce this noble instrument into
+presbyterian congregations.
+
+The share, which Lesly's army bore in the action of Marston Moor, has
+been exalted, or depressed, as writers were attached to the English or
+Scottish nations, to the presbyterian or independent factions. Mr Laing
+concludes, with laudable impartiality, that the victory was equally due
+to "Cromwell's iron brigade of disciplined independents, and to three
+regiments of Lesly's horse."--Vol I. p. 244.
+
+
+
+LESLEY'S MARCH.
+
+
+  March! march!
+  Why the devil do ye na march?
+  Stand to your arms, my lads,
+  Fight in good order;
+  Front about, ye musketeers all,
+  Till ye come to the English border:
+    Stand til't, and fight like men,
+    True gospel to maintain.
+  The parliament's blythe to see us a' coming.
+    When to the kirk we come,
+    We'll purge it ilka room,
+  Frae popish reliques, and a' sic innovation,
+    That a' the warld may see,
+    There's nane in the right but we,
+  Of the auld Scottish nation.
+  _Jenny_ shall wear the hood,
+  _Jocky_ the sark of God;
+  And the kist-fou of whistles,
+  That mak sic a cleiro,
+    Our piper's braw
+    Shall hae them a',
+    Whate'er come on it:
+    Busk up your plaids, my lads!
+    Cock up your bonnets!
+          _Da Capo._
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+This ballad is so immediately connected with the former, that the editor
+is enabled to continue his sketch of historical transactions, from the
+march of Lesly.
+
+In the insurrection of 1680, all Scotland, south from the Grampians, was
+actively and zealously engaged. But, after the treaty of Rippon, the
+first fury of the revolutionary torrent may be said to have foamed off
+its force, and many of the nobility began to look round, with horror,
+upon the rocks and shelves amongst which it had hurried them. Numbers
+regarded the defence of Scotland as a just and necessary warfare, who
+did not see the same reason for interfering in the affairs of England.
+The visit of King Charles to the metropolis of his fathers, in all
+probability, produced its effect on his nobles. Some were allied to
+the house of Stuart by blood; all regarded it as the source of their
+honours, and venerated the ancient in obtaining the private objects of
+ambition, or selfish policy which had induced them to rise up against
+the crown. Amongst these late penitents, the well known marquis of
+Montrose was distinguished, as the first who endeavoured to recede from
+the paths of rude rebellion. Moved by the enthusiasm of patriotism, or
+perhaps of religion, but yet more by ambition, the sin of noble
+minds, Montrose had engaged, eagerly and deeply, upon the side of the
+covenanters He had been active in pressing the town of Aberdeen to take
+the covenant, and his success against the Gordons, at the bridge of Dee,
+left that royal burgh no other means of safety from pillage. At the head
+of his own battalion, he waded through the Tweed, in 1640, and totally
+routed the vanguard of the king's cavalry. But, in 1643, moved with
+resentment against the covenanters who preferred, to his prompt and
+ardent character, the caution of the wily and politic earl of Argyle, or
+seeing, perhaps, that the final views of that party were inconsistent
+with the interests of monarchy, and of the constitution, Montrose
+espoused the falling cause of royalty and raised the Highland clans,
+whom he united to a small body of Irish, commanded by Alexander
+Macdonald, still renowned in the north, under the title of Colkitto.
+With these tumultuary and uncertain forces, he rushed forth, like a
+torrent from the mountains, and commenced a rapid and brilliant career
+of victory. At Tippermoor, where he first met the covenanters, their
+defeat was so effectual, as to appal the presbyterian courage, even
+after the lapse of eighty years.[A] A second army was defeated under the
+walls of Aberdeen; and the pillage of the ill-fated town was doomed to
+expiate the principles, which Montrose himself had formerly imposed upon
+them. Argyleshire next experienced his arms; the domains of his rival
+were treated with more than military severity; and Argyle himself,
+advancing to Inverlochy for the defence of his country, was totally
+and disgracefully routed by Montrose. Pressed betwixt two armies,
+well appointed, and commanded by the most experienced generals of the
+Covenant, Mozitrose displayed more military skill in the astonishingly
+rapid marches, by which he avoided fighting to disadvantage, than even
+in the field of victory. By one of those hurried marches, from the banks
+of Loch Katrine to the heart of Inverness-shire, he was enabled to
+attack, and totally to defeat, the Covenanters, at Aulderne though he
+brought into the field hardly one half of their forces. Baillie, a
+veteran officer, was next routed by him, at the village of Alford,
+in Strathbogie. Encouraged by these repeated and splendid successes,
+Montrose now descended into the heart of Scotland, and fought a bloody
+and decisive battle, near Kilsyth, where four thousand covenanters fell
+under the Highland claymore.
+
+[Footnote A: Upon the breaking out of the insurrection, in the year
+1715, the earl of Rothes, sheriff and lord-lieutenant of the county of
+Fife, issued out an order for "all the fencible men of the countie to
+meet him, at a place called Cashmoor. The gentlemen took no notice of
+his orders, nor did the commons, except those whom the ministers forced
+to goe to the place of rendezvouse, to the number of fifteen hundred
+men, being all that their utmost diligence could perform. But those of
+that countie, having been taught by their experience, that it is not
+good meddling with edge tools, especiallie in the hands of Highlandmen,
+were very averse from taking armes. No sooner they reflected on the name
+of the place of rendezvouse, Cashmoor, than Tippermoor was called to
+mind; a place not far from thence, where Montrose had routed them, when
+under the command of my great-grand-uncle the earl of Wemyss, then
+generall of God's armie. In a word, the unlucky choice of a place,
+called _Moo_, appeared ominous; and that, with the flying report of the
+Highlandmen having made themselves masters of Perth, made them throw
+down their armes, and run, notwithstanding the trouble that Rothes and
+the ministers gave themselves to stop them."--M.S. _Memoirs of Lord St
+Clair._]
+
+This victory opened the whole of Scotland to Montrose He occupied the
+capital, and marched forward to the border; not merely to complete the
+subjection of the southern provinces, but with the flattering hope of
+pouring his victorious army into England, and bringing to the support of
+Charles the sword of his paternal tribes.
+
+Half a century before Montrose's career, the state of the borders was
+such as might have enabled him easily to have accomplished his daring
+plan. The marquis of Douglas, the earls of Hume, Roxburgh, Traquair, and
+Annandale, were all descended of mighty border chiefs, whose ancestors
+could, each of them, have led into the field a body of their own
+vassals, equal in numbers, and superior in discipline, to the army of
+Montrose. But the military spirit of the borderers, and their attachment
+to their chiefs, had been much broken since the union of the crowns. The
+disarming acts of James had been carried rigorously into execution, and
+the smaller proprietors, no longer feeling the necessity of protection
+from their chiefs in war, had aspired to independence, and embraced
+the tenets of the covenant. Without imputing, with Wishart, absolute
+treachery to the border nobles, it may be allowed, that they looked with
+envy upon Montrose, and with dread and aversion upon his rapacious and
+disorderly forces. Hence, had it been in their power, it might not have
+altogether suited their inclinations, to have brought the strength
+of the border lances to the support of the northern clans. The once
+formidable name of Douglas still sufficed to raise some bands, by
+whom Montrose was joined, in his march down the Gala. With these
+reinforcements, and with the remnant of his Highlanders (for a great
+number had returned home with Colkitto, to deposit their plunder, and
+provide for their families), Montrose after traversing the border,
+finally encamped upon the field of Philiphaugh.
+
+The river Ettrick, immediately after its junction with the Yarrow, and
+previous to its falling into the Tweed, makes a large sweep to the
+southward, and winds almost beneath the lofty bank, on which the town
+of Selkirk stands; leaving, upon the northern side, a large and level
+plain, extending in an easterly direction, from a hill, covered with
+natural copse-wood, called the Harehead-wood, to the high ground which
+forms the banks of the Tweed, near Sunderland-hall. This plain is called
+Philliphaugh:[A] it is about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter
+of a mile broad; and, being defended, to the northward, by the high
+hills which separate Tweed from Yarrow, by the river in front, and by
+the high grounds, already mentioned on each flank, it forms, at once,
+a convenient and a secure field of encampment. On each flank Montrose
+threw up some trenches, which are still visible; and here he posted his
+infantry, amounting to about twelve or fifteen hundred men. He himself
+took up his quarters in the burgh of Selkirk, and, with him, the
+cavalry, in number hardly one thousand, but respectable, as being
+chiefly composed of gentlemen, and their immediate retainers. In this
+manner, by a fatal and unaccountable error, the river Ettrick was thrown
+betwixt the cavalry and infantry, which were to depend upon each other
+for intelligence and mutual support. But this might be overlooked by
+Montrose, in the conviction, that there was no armed enemy of Charles
+in the realm of Scotland; for he is said to have employed the night in
+writing and dispatching this agreeable intelligence to the king. Such an
+enemy was already within four miles of his camp.
+
+[Footnote A: The Scottish language is rich in words, expressive of local
+situation The single word _haugh_, conveys, to a Scotsman, almost all
+that I have endeavoured to explain in the text, by circumlocutory
+description.]
+
+Recalled by the danger of the cause of the Covenant, General David Lesly
+came down from England, at the head of those iron squadrons, whose force
+had been proved in the fatal battle of Long Marston Moor. His array
+consisted of from five to six thousand men, chiefly cavalry. Lesly's
+first plan seems to have been, to occupy the mid-land counties, so as to
+intercept the return of Montrose's Highlanders, and to force him to an
+unequal combat Accordingly, he marched along the eastern coast, from
+Berwick to Tranent; but there he suddenly altered his direction, and,
+crossing through Mid-Lothian, turned again to the southward, and,
+following the course of Gala water, arrived at Melrose, the evening
+before the engagement How it is possible that Montrose should have
+received no notice whatever of the march of so considerable an army,
+seems almost inconceivable, and proves, that the country was strongly
+disaffected to his cause, or person. Still more extraordinary does it
+appear, that, even with the advantage of a thick mist, Lesly should
+have, the next morning, advanced towards Montrose's encampment without
+being descried by a single scout. Such, however, was the case, and it
+was attended with all the consequences of the most complete surprisal.
+The first intimation that Montrose received of the march of Lesly,
+was the noise of the conflict, or, rather, that which attended the
+unresisted slaughter of his infantry, who never formed a line of battle:
+the right wing alone, supported by the thickets of Harehead-wood, and
+by the entrenchments which are there still visible, stood firm for some
+time. But Lesly had detached two thousand men, who, crossing the Ettrick
+still higher up than his main body, assaulted the rear of Montrose's
+right wing. At this moment, the marquis himself arrived, and beheld
+his army dispersed, for the first time, in irretrievable route. He
+had thrown himself upon a horse the instant he heard the firing, and,
+followed by such of his disorderly cavalry as had gathered upon the
+alarm, he galloped from Selkirk, crossed the Ettrick, and made a bold
+and desperate attempt to retrieve the fortune of the day. But all was
+in vain; and, after cutting his way, almost singly, through a body of
+Lesly's troopers, the gallant Montrose graced by his example the
+retreat of the fugitives. That retreat he continued up Yarrow, and over
+Minch-moor; nor did he stop till he arrived at Traquair, sixteen miles
+from the field of battle. Upon Philiphaugh he lost, in one defeat, the
+fruit of six splendid victories: nor was he again able effectually to
+make head, in Scotland, against the covenanted cause. The number slain
+in the field did not exceed three or four hundred; for the fugitives
+found refuge in the mountains, which had often been the retreat of
+vanquished armies, and were impervious to the pursuer's cavalry. Lesly
+abused his victory, and dishonoured his arms, by slaughtering, in cold
+blood, many of the prisoners whom he had taken; and the court-yard of
+Newark castle is said to have been the spot, upon which they were
+shot by his command. Many others are said, by Wishart, to have been
+precipitated from a high bridge over the Tweed. This, as Mr Laing
+remarks, is impossible; because there was not a bridge over the Tweed
+betwixt Peebles and Berwick. But there is an old bridge, over the
+Ettrick, only four miles from Philiphaugh, and another over the Yarrow,
+both of which lay in the very line of flight and pursuit; and either
+might have been the scene of the massacre. But if this is doubtful,
+it is too certain, that several of the royalists were executed by the
+Covenanters, as traitors to the king and parliament.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: A covenanted minister, present at the execution of these
+gentlemen observed, "This wark gaes bonnilie on!" an amiable
+exclamation equivalent to the modern _ça ira_, so often used on similar
+occasions.--_Wishart's Memoirs of Montrose._]
+
+I have reviewed, at some length, the details of this memorable
+engagement, which, at the same time, terminated the career of a hero,
+likened, by no mean judge of mankind[A] to those of antiquity, and
+decided the fate of his country. It is further remarkable, as the last
+field which was fought in Ettrick forest, the scene of so many bloody
+actions. The unaccountable neglect of patroles, and the imprudent
+separation betwixt the horse and foot, seem to have been the immediate
+causes of Montrose's defeat. But the ardent and impetuous character
+of this great warrior, corresponding with that of the troops which he
+commanded was better calculated for attack than defence; for surprising
+others, rather than for providing against surprise himself. Thus, he
+suffered loss by a sudden attack upon part of his forces, stationed at
+Aberdeen;[B] and, had he not extricated himself with the most singular
+ability, he must have lost his whole army, when surprised by Baillie,
+during the plunder of Dundee. Nor has it escaped an ingenious modern
+historian, that his final defeat at Dunbeath, so nearly resembles in its
+circumstances the surprise at Philiphaugh, as to throw some shade on his
+military talents.--LAING'S _History_.
+
+[Footnote A: Cardinal du Retz.]
+
+[Footnote B: Colonel Hurry, with a party of horse, surprised the town,
+while Montrose's Highlanders and cavaliers were "dispersed through the
+town, drinking carelessly in their lodgings; and, hearing the horse's
+feet, and great noise, were astonished, never dreaming of their enemy.
+However, Donald Farquharson happened to come to the causey, where he was
+cruelly slain, anent the Court de Guard; a brave gentleman, and one of
+the noblest captains amongst all the Highlanders of Scotland. Two or
+three others were killed, and some (taken prisoners) had to Edinburgh,
+and cast into irons in the tolbooth. Great lamentation was made for this
+gallant, being still the king's man for life and death."--SPALDING
+Vol. II. p. 281. The journalist, to whom all matters were of equal
+importance, proceeds to inform us, that Hurry took the marquis of
+Huntly's best horse, and, in his retreat through Montrose seized upon
+the marquis's second son. He also expresses his regret, that "the said
+Donald Farquharson's body was found in the street, stripped naked: for
+they tirr'd from off his body a rich stand of apparel, but put on the
+same day."--_Ibid._]
+
+The following ballad, which is preserved by tradition in Selkirkshire,
+coincides accurately with historical fact. This, indeed, constitutes its
+sole merit. The Covenanters were not, I dare say, addicted, more
+than their successors "to the profane and unprofitable art of
+poem-making."[A] Still, however, they could not refrain from some
+strains of exultation, over the defeat of the _truculent tyrant_, James
+Grahame. For, gentle reader, Montrose, who, with resources which seemed
+as none, gained six victories, and reconquered a kingdom; who, a poet, a
+scholar, a cavalier, and a general, could have graced alike a court,
+and governed a camp; this Montrose was numbered, by his covenanted
+countrymen, among "the troublers of Israel, the fire-brands of hell, the
+Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rabshakahs, the Hamans, the Tobiahs,
+and Sanballats of the time."
+
+[Footnote A: So little was the spirit of illiberal fanaticism decayed
+in some parts of Scotland, that only thirty years ago, when Wilson,
+the ingenious author of a poem, called "_Clyde_," now republished, was
+inducted into the office of schoolmaster at Greenock, he was obliged
+formally, and in writing, to abjure _"the profane and unprofitable art
+of poem-making."_ It is proper to add, that such an incident is _now_ as
+unlikely to happen in Greenock as in London.]
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+  On Philiphaugh a fray began,
+    At Hairhead wood it ended;
+  The Scots out o'er the Graemes they ran,
+    Sae merrily they bended.
+
+  Sir David frae the border came,
+    Wi' heart an' hand came he;
+  Wi' him three thousand bonny Scotts,
+    To bear him company.
+
+  Wi' him three thousand valiant men,
+    A noble sight to see!
+  A cloud o' mist them weel concealed,
+    As close as e'er might be.
+
+  When they came to the Shaw burn,
+    Said he, "Sae weel we frame,
+  "I think it is convenient,
+    "That we should sing a psalm."[A]
+
+  When they came to the Lingly burn,
+    As day-light did appear,
+  They spy'd an aged father,
+    And he did draw them near.
+
+  "Come hither, aged father!"
+    Sir David he did cry,
+  "And tell me where Montrose lies,
+    "With all his great army."
+
+  "But, first, you must come tell to me,
+    "If friends or foes you be;
+  "I fear you are Montrose's men,
+    "Come frae the north country."
+
+  "No, we are nane o' Montrose's men,
+    "Nor e'er intend to be;
+  "I am sir David Lesly,
+    "That's speaking unto thee."
+
+  "If you're sir David Lesly,
+    "As I think weel ye be,
+  "I'm sorry ye hae brought so few
+    "Into your company.
+
+  "There's fifteen thousand armed men,
+    "Encamped on yon lee;
+  "Ye'll never be a bite to them,
+    "For aught that I can see.
+
+  "But, halve your men in equal parts,
+    "Your purpose to fulfil;
+  "Let ae half keep the water side,
+    "The rest gae round the hill.
+
+  "Your nether party fire must,
+    "Then beat a flying drum;
+  "And then they'll think the day's their ain,
+    "And frae the trench they'll come.
+
+  "Then, those that are behind them maun
+    "Gie shot, baith grit and sma';
+  "And so, between your armies twa,
+    "Ye may make them to fa'."
+
+  "O were ye ever a soldier?"
+    Sir David Lesly said;
+  "O yes; I was at Solway flow,
+    "Where we were all betray'd.
+
+  "Again I was at curst Dunbar,
+    "And was a pris'ner ta'en;
+  "And many weary night and day,
+    "In prison I hae lien."
+
+  "If ye will lead these men aright,
+    "Rewarded shall ye be;
+  "But, if that ye a traitor prove,
+    "I'll hang thee on a tree."
+
+  "Sir, I will not a traitor prove;
+    "Montrose has plundered me;
+  "I'll do my best to banish him
+    "Away frae this country."
+
+  He halv'd his men in equal parts,
+    His purpose to fulfill;
+  The one part kept the water side,
+    The other gaed round the hill.
+
+  The nether party fired brisk,
+    Then turn'd and seem'd to rin;
+  And then they a' came frae the trench,
+    And cry'd, "the day's our ain!"
+
+  The rest then ran into the trench,
+    And loos'd their cannons a':
+  And thus, between his armies twa,
+    He made them fast to fa'.
+
+  Now, let us a' for Lesly pray,
+    And his brave company!
+  For they hae vanquish'd great Montrose,
+    Our cruel enemy.
+
+[Footnote A: Various reading; "That we should take a dram."]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+_When they came to the Shaw burn._--P. 27. v. 1. A small stream, that
+joins the Ettrick, near Selkirk, on the south side of the river.
+
+_When they came to the Lingly burn._--P. 27. v. 2. A brook, which falls
+into the Ettrick, from the north, a little above the Shaw burn.
+
+_They spy'd an aged father._--P. 27. v. 2. The traditional commentary
+upon the ballad states this man's name to have been Brydone, ancestor to
+several families in the parish of Ettrick, particularly those occupying
+the farms of Midgehope and Redford Green. It is a strange anachronism,
+to make this aged father state himself at the battle of _Solway flow,_
+which was fought a hundred years before Philiphaugh; and a still
+stranger, to mention that of Dunbar, which did not take place till five
+years after Montrose's defeat.
+
+A tradition, annexed to a copy of this ballad, transmitted to me by Mr
+James Hogg, bears, that the earl of Traquair, on the day of the battle,
+was advancing with a large sum of money, for the payment of Montrose's
+forces, attended by a blacksmith, one of his retainers. As they crossed
+Minch-moor, they were alarmed by firing, which the earl conceived to
+be Montrose exercising his forces, but which his attendant, from the
+constancy and irregularity of the noise, affirmed to be the tumult of an
+engagement. As they came below Broadmeadows, upon Yarrow, they met their
+fugitive friends, hotly pursued by the parliamentary troopers. The earl,
+of course, turned, and fled also: but his horse, jaded with the weight
+of dollars which he carried, refused to take the hill; so that the earl
+was fain to exchange with his attendant, leaving him with the breathless
+horse, and bag of silver, to shift for himself; which he is supposed
+to have done very effectually. Some of the dragoons, attracted by the
+appearance of the horse and trappings, gave chase to the smith, who
+fled up the Yarrow; but finding himself as he said, encumbered with the
+treasure, and unwilling that it should be taken, he flung it into a
+well, or pond, near the Tinnies, above Hangingshaw. Many wells were
+afterwards searched in vain; but it is the general belief, that the
+smith, if he ever hid the money, knew too well how to anticipate the
+scrutiny. There is, however, a pond, which some peasants began to drain,
+not long ago, in hopes of finding the golden prize, but were prevented,
+as they pretended, by supernatural interference.
+
+
+
+THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+The preceding ballad was a song of triumph over the defeat of Montrose
+at Philiphaugh; the verses, which follow are a lamentation for his final
+discomfiture and cruel death. The present edition of _"The Gallant
+Grahams"_ is given from tradition, enlarged and corrected by an ancient
+printed edition, entitled, _"The Gallant Grahams of Scotland"_ to the
+tune of _"I will away, and I will not tarry,"_ of which Mr Ritson
+favoured the editor with an accurate copy.
+
+The conclusion of Montrose's melancholy history is too well known. The
+Scottish army, which sold king Charles I. to his parliament, had, we may
+charitably hope, no idea that they were bartering his blood; although
+they must have been aware, that they were consigning him to perpetual
+bondage.[A] At least the sentiments of the kingdom at large differed
+widely from those of the military merchants, and the danger of king
+Charles drew into England a well appointed Scottish army, under the
+command of the duke of Hamilton. But he met with Cromwell, and to meet
+with Cromwell was inevitable defeat. The death of Charles, and the
+triumph of the independents, excited still more highly the hatred and
+the fears of the Scottish nation. The outwitted presbyterians, who saw,
+too late, that their own hands had been employed in the hateful task
+of erecting the power of a sect, yet more fierce and fanatical than
+themselves, deputed a commission to the Hague, to treat with Charles
+II., whom, upon certain conditions they now wished to restore to the
+throne of his fathers. At the court of the exiled monarch, Montrose also
+offered to his acceptance a splendid plan of victory and conquest, and
+pressed for his permission to enter Scotland; and there, collecting the
+remains of the royalists to claim the crown for his master, with the
+sword in his hand. An able statesman might perhaps have reconciled these
+jarring projects; a good man would certainly have made a decided choice
+betwixt them. Charles was neither the one not the other; and, while he
+treated with the presbyterians, with a view of accepting the crown from
+their hands, he scrupled not to authorise Montrose, the mortal enemy of
+the sect, to pursue his separate and inconsistent plan of conquest.
+
+[Footnote A: As Salmasius quaintly, but truly, expresses it,
+_Presbyterian iligaverunt independantes trucidaverunt_.]
+
+Montrose arrived in the Orkneys with six hundred Germans, was furnished
+with some recruits from those islands, and was joined by several
+royalists, as he traversed the wilds of Caithness and Sutherland: but,
+advancing into Ross-shire, he was surprised, and totally defeated,
+by colonel Strachan, an officer of the Scottish parliament, who had
+distinguished himself in the civil wars, and who afterwards became a
+decided Cromwellian. Montrose, after a fruitless resistance, at length
+fled from the field of defeat, and concealed himself in the grounds of
+Macleod of Assint to whose fidelity he entrusted his life, and by whom
+he was delivered up to Lesly, his most bitter enemy.
+
+He was tried for what was termed treason against the estates of the
+kingdom; and, despite the commission of Charles for his proceedings, he
+was condemned to die by a parliament, who acknowledged Charles to be
+their king, and whom, on that account only, Montrose acknowledged to be
+a parliament.
+
+"The clergy," says a late animated historian, "whose vocation it was to
+persecute the repose of his last moments, sought, by the terrors of his
+sentence, to extort repentance; but his behaviour, firm and dignified to
+the end, repelled their insulting advances with scorn and disdain. He
+was prouder, he replied, to have his head affixed to the prison-walls,
+than to have his picture placed in the king's bed-chamber: 'and, far
+from being troubled that my limbs are to be sent to your principal
+cities, I wish I had flesh enough to be dispersed through Christendom,
+to attest my dying attachment to my king.' It was the calm employment of
+his mind, that night, to reduce this extravagant sentiment to verse.
+He appeared next day, on the scaffold, in a rich habit, with the same
+serene and undaunted countenance, and addressed the people, to vindicate
+his dying unabsolved by the church, rather than to justify an invasion
+of the kingdom, during a treaty with the estates. The insults of his
+enemies were not yet exhausted. The history of his exploits was attached
+to his neck by the public executioner: but he smiled at their inventive
+malice; declared, that he wore it with more pride than he had done the
+garter; and, when his devotions were finished, demanding if any more
+indignities remained to be practised, submitted calmly to an unmerited
+fate."--_Laing's History of Scotland,_ Vol. I. p. 404.
+
+Such was the death of James Graham, the great marquis of Montrose, over
+whom some lowly bard has poured forth the following elegiac verses. To
+say, that they are far unworthy of the subject, is no great reproach;
+for a nobler poet might have failed in the attempt. Indifferent as the
+ballad is, we may regret its being still more degraded by many apparent
+corruptions. There seems an attempt to trace Montrose's career, from his
+first raising the royal standard, to his second expedition and death;
+but it is interrupted and imperfect. From the concluding stanza, I
+presume the song was composed upon the arrival of Charles in Scotland,
+which so speedily followed the execution of Montrose, that the king
+entered the city while the head of his most faithful and most successful
+adherent was still blackening in the sun.
+
+
+
+THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+  Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale!
+    Baith kith and countrie I bid adieu;
+  For I maun away, and I may not stay,
+    To some uncouth land which I never knew.
+
+  To wear the blue I think it best,
+    Of all the colours that I see;
+  And I'll wear it for the gallant Grahams,
+    That are banished from their countrie.
+
+  I have no gold, I have no land,
+    I have no pearl, nor precious stane;
+  But I wald sell my silken snood,
+    To see the gallant Grahams come hame.
+
+  In Wallace days when they began,
+    Sir John the Graham did bear the gree,
+  Through all the lands of Scotland wide;
+    He was a lord of the south countrie.
+
+  And so was seen full many a time;
+    For the summer flowers did never spring,
+  But every Graham, in armour bright,
+    Would then appear before the king.
+
+  They all were dressed in armour sheen,
+    Upon the pleasant banks of Tay;
+  Before a king they might be seen,
+    These gallant Grahams in their array.
+
+  At the Goukhead our camp we set,
+    Our leaguer down there for to lay;
+  And, in the bonnie summer light,
+    We rode our white horse and our gray.
+
+  Our false commander sold our king
+    Unto his deadly enemie,
+  Who was the traitor Cromwell, then;
+    So I care not what they do with me.
+
+  They have betrayed our noble prince,
+    And banish'd him from his royal crown;
+  But the gallant Grahams have ta'en in hand,
+    For to command those traitors down.
+
+  In Glen-Prosen[A] we rendezvoused,
+    March'd to Glenshie by night and day,
+  And took the town of Aberdeen,
+    And met the Campbells in their array.
+
+  Five thousand men, in armour strong.
+    Did meet the gallant Grahams that day
+  At Inverlochie, where war began,
+    And scarce two thousand men were they.
+
+  Gallant Montrose, that chieftain bold,
+    Courageous in the best degree,
+  Did for the king fight well that day;
+    The lord preserve his majestie!
+
+  Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,
+    Did for king Charles wear the blue;
+  But the cavaliers they all were sold,
+    And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.
+
+  And Newton Gordon, burd-alone
+    And Dalgatie, both stout and keen,
+  And gallant Veitch upon the field,
+    A braver face was never seen.
+
+  Now, fare ye weel, sweet Ennerdale!
+    Countrie and kin I quit ye free;
+  Chear up your hearts, brave cavaliers,
+    For the Grahams are gone to high Germany.
+
+  Now brave Montrose he went to France,
+    And to Germany, to gather fame;
+  And bold Aboyne is to the sea,
+    Young Huntly is his noble name.
+
+  Montrose again, that chieftain bold,
+    Back unto Scotland fair he came,
+  For to redeem fair Scotland's land,
+    The pleasant, gallant, worthy Graham!
+
+  At the water of Carron he did begin,
+    And fought the battle to the end;
+  Where there were killed, for our noble king,
+    Two thousand of our Danish men.
+
+  Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,
+    By whom the king's banner was borne;
+  For a brave cavalier was he,
+    But now to glory he is gone.
+
+  Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith!
+    And, Lesly, ill death may thou die!
+  For ye have betrayed the gallant Grahams,
+    Who aye were true to majestic.
+
+  And the laird of Assint has seized Montrose,
+    And had him into Edinburgh town;
+  And frae his body taken the head,
+    And quartered him upon a trone.
+
+  And Huntly's gone the selfsame way,
+    And our noble king is also gone;
+  He suffered death for our nation,
+    Our mourning tears can ne'er be done.
+
+  But our brave young king is now come home,
+    King Charles the second in degree;
+  The Lord send peace into his time,
+    And God preserve his majestie!
+
+[Footnote A: Glen-Prosen, in Angus-shire.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+_Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale._--P. 38. v. 1. A corruption of
+Endrickdale. The principal, and most ancient possessions of the Montrose
+family lie along the water of Endrick, in Dumbartonshire.
+
+_Sir John the Graham did bear the gree._--P. 39. v. 1. The faithful
+friend and adherent of the immortal Wallace, slain at the battle of
+Falkirk.
+
+_Who was the traitor Cromwell, then._--P. 39. v. 5. This extraordinary
+character, to whom, in crimes and in success our days only have produced
+a parallel, was no favourite in Scotland. There occurs the following
+invective against him, in a MS. in the Advocates' Library. The humour
+consists in the dialect of a Highlander, speaking English, and confusing
+_Cromwell_ with _Gramach,_ ugly:
+
+  Te commonwelt, tat Gramagh ting.
+  Gar brek hem's word, gar do hem's king;
+
+  Gar pay hem's sesse, or take hem's (geers)
+  We'l no de at, del come de leers;
+  We'l bide a file amang te crowes, (_i.e._ in the woods)
+  We'l scor te sword, and wiske to bowes;
+  And fen her nen-sel se te re, (the king)
+  Te del my care for _Gromaghee_.
+
+The following tradition, concerning Cromwell, is preserved by an
+uncommonly direct line of traditional evidence; being narrated (as I am
+informed) by the grandson of an eye-witness. When Cromwell, in 1650,
+entered Glasgow, he attended divine service in the High Church; but the
+presbyterian divine, who officiated, poured forth, with more zeal than
+prudence, the vial of his indignation upon the person, principles, and
+cause, of the independent general. One of Cromwell's officers rose,
+and whispered his commander; who seemed to give him a short and stern
+answer, and the sermon was concluded without interruption Among the
+crowd, who were assembled to gaze at the general, as he came out of the
+church, was a shoemaker, the son of one of James the sixth's Scottish
+footmen. This man had been born and bred in England, but, after his
+father's death, had settled in Glasgow. Cromwell eyed him among the
+crowd, and immediately called him by his name--the man fled; but, at
+Cromwell's command, one of his retinue followed him, and brought him
+to the general's lodgings. A number of the inhabitants remained at the
+door, waiting the end of this extraordinary scene. The shoemaker soon
+came out, in high spirits, and, shewing some gold, declared, he was
+going to drink Cromwell's health. Many attended him to hear the
+particulars of his interview; among others, the grandfather of the
+narrator. The shoemaker said, that he had been a playfellow of Cromwell
+when they were both boys, their parents residing in the same street;
+that he had fled, when the general first called to him, thinking he
+might owe him some ill-will, on account of his father being in the
+service of the royal family. He added, that Cromwell had been so very
+kind and familiar with him, that he ventured to ask him, what the
+officer had said to him in the church. "He proposed," said Cromwell, "to
+pull forth the "minister by the ears; and I answered, that the preacher
+was "one fool, and he another." In the course of the day, Cromwell held
+an interview with the minister, and contrived to satisfy his scruples so
+effectually, that the evening discourse, by the same man, was tuned to
+the praise and glory of the victor of Naseby.
+
+  _Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,
+    Did for King Charles wear the, blue._--P. 40. v. 5.
+
+This gentleman was of the ancient family of Gordon of Gight. He had
+served, as a soldier, upon the continent, and acquired great military
+skill. When his chief, the marquis of Huntly, took up arms in 1640,
+Nathaniel Gordon, then called Major Gordon, joined him, and was of
+essential service during that short insurrection. But, being checked
+for making prize of a Danish fishing buss, he left the service of the
+marquis, in some disgust. In 1644, he assisted at a sharp and dexterous
+_camisade_ (as it was then called), when the barons of Haddo, of Gight,
+of Drum, and other gentlemen, with only sixty men under their standard,
+galloped through the old town of Aberdeen, and, entering the burgh
+itself, about seven in the morning, made prisoners, and carried off,
+four of the covenanting magistrates and effected a safe retreat, though
+the town was then under the domination of the opposite party. After the
+death of the baron of Haddo, and the severe treatment of Sir George
+Gordon of Gight, his cousin-german, Major Nathaniel Gordon seems to have
+taken arms, in despair of finding mercy at the covenanters' hands. On
+the 24th of July, 1645, he came down, with a band of horsemen, upon the
+town of Elgin, while St James' fair was held, and pillaged the merchants
+of 14,000 merks of money and merchandize.[A] He seems to have joined
+Montrose, as soon as he raised the royal standard; and, as a bold and
+active partizan, rendered him great service. But, in November 1644,
+Gordon, now a colonel, suddenly deserted Montrose, aided the escape of
+Forbes of Craigievar, one of his prisoners, and reconciled himself to
+the kirk, by doing penance for adultery, and for the almost equally
+heinous crime of having scared Mr Andrew Cant,[B] the famous apostle of
+the covenant. This, however, seems to have been an artifice, to arrange
+a correspondence betwixt Montrose and Lord Gordon, a gallant young
+nobleman, representative of the Huntley family, and inheriting their
+loyal spirit, though hitherto engaged in the service of the covenant.
+Colonel Gordon was successful, and returned to the royal camp with his
+converted chief. Both followed zealously the fortunes of Montrose, until
+Lord Gordon fell in the battle of Alford, and Nathaniel Gordon was taken
+at Philiphaugh. He was one of ten loyalists, devoted upon that occasion,
+by the parliament, to expiate, with their blood, the crime of fidelity
+to their king. Nevertheless, the covenanted nobles would have probably
+been satisfied with the death of the gallant Rollock, sharer of
+Montrose's dangers and glory, of Ogilvy, a youth of eighteen, whose
+crime was the hereditary feud betwixt his family and Argyle, and of Sir
+Philip Nisbet, a cavalier of the ancient stamp, had not the pulpits
+resounded with the cry, that God required the blood of the malignants,
+to expiate the sins of the people. "What meaneth," exclaimed the
+ministers, in the perverted language of scripture--"What meaneth, then,
+this bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen?" The
+appeal to the judgment of Samuel was decisive, and the shambles were
+instantly opened. Nathaniel Gordon was brought first to execution. He
+lamented the sins of his youth, once more (and probably with greater
+sincerity) requested absolution from the sentence of excommunication
+pronounced on account of adultery, and was beheaded 6th January 1646.
+
+[Footnote A: Spalding, Vol. II. pp. 151, 154, 169, 181, 221. _History of
+the Family of Gordon,_ Edin. 1727, Vol. II. p. 299.]
+
+[Footnote B: He had sent him a letter, which nigh frightened him out of
+his wits.--SPALDING, Vol. II. p. 231.]
+
+  _And brave Harthill, a cavalier too._--P. 40, v. 5.
+
+Leith, of Harthill, was a determined loyalist, and hated the
+covenanters, not without reason. His father, a haughty high-spirited
+baron, and chief of a clan, happened, in 1639, to sit down in the desk
+of provost Lesly, in the high kirk of Aberdeen He was disgracefully
+thrust out by the officers, and, using some threatening language to the
+provost, was imprisoned, like a felon, for many months, till he became
+furious, and nearly mad. Having got free of the shackles, with which he
+was loaded, he used his liberty by coming to the tolbooth window where
+he uttered the most violent and horrible threats against Provost Lesly,
+and the other covenanting magistrates, by whom he had been so severely
+treated. Under pretence of this new offence, he was sent to Edinburgh,
+and lay long in prison there; for, so fierce was his temper, that no one
+would give surety for his keeping the peace with his enemies, if set at
+liberty. At length he was delivered by Montrose, when he made himself
+master of Edinburgh.--SPALDING, Vol. I. pp. 201; 266. His house of
+Harthill was dismantled, and miserably pillaged by Forbes of
+Craigievar, who expelled his wife and children with the most relentless
+inhumanity.--_Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 225. Meanwhile, young Harthill was the
+companion and associate of Nathaniel Gordon, whom he accompanied at
+plundering the fair of Elgin, and at most of Montrose's engagements. He
+retaliated severely on the covenanters, by ravaging and burning their
+lands. _Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 301. His fate has escaped my notice.
+
+  _And Dalgatie, both stout and keen._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+Sir Francis Hay, of Dalgatie, a steady cavalier, and a gentleman of
+great gallantry and accomplishment. He was a faithful follower of
+Montrose, and was taken prisoner with him at his last fatal battle. He
+was condemned to death, with his illustrious general. Being a Roman
+catholic, he refused the assistance of the presbyterian clergy, and was
+not permitted, even on the scaffold, to receive ghostly comfort, in the
+only form in which his religion taught him to consider it as effectual.
+He kissed the axe, avowed his fidelity to his sovereign, and died like a
+soldier.--_Montrose's Memoirs,_ p. 322.
+
+  _And Newton Gordon, burd-alone._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+Newton, for obvious reasons, was a common appellation of an estate, or
+barony, where a new edifice had been erected. Hence, for distinction's
+sake, it was anciently compounded with the name of the proprietor;
+as, Newtown-Edmonstone, Newtown-Don, Newtown-Gordon, &c. Of Gordon
+of Newtown, I only observe, that he was, like all his clan, a steady
+loyalist, and a follower of Montrose.
+
+  _And gallant Veitch, upon the field._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+I presume this gentleman to have been David Veitch, brother to Veitch of
+Dawick, who, with many other of the Peebles-shire gentry, was taken
+at Philiphaugh. The following curious accident took place, some years
+afterwards, in consequence of his loyal zeal.
+
+"In the year 1653, when the loyal party did arise in arms against the
+English, in the North and West Highlands, some noblemen and loyal
+gentlemen, with others, were forward to repair to them, with such forces
+as they could make; which the English, with marvelouse diligence, night
+and day, did bestir themselves to impede; making their troops of horse
+and dragoons to pursue the loyal party in all places, that they might
+not come to such a considerable number as was designed. It happened, one
+night, that one Captain Masoun, commander of a troop of dragoons, that
+came from Carlisle, in England, marching through the town of Sanquhar,
+in the night, was encountered by one captain Palmer, commanding a troop
+of horse, that came from Ayr, marching eastward; and, meeting at the
+tollhouse, or tolbooth, one David Veitch, brother to the laird of
+Dawick, in Tweeddale, and one of the loyal party, being prisoner in
+irons by the English, did arise, and came to the window at their
+meeting, and cryed out, that they should _fight valiantly for King
+Charles_, Where-through, they, taking each other for the loyal party,
+did begin a brisk fight, which continued for a while, til the dragoons,
+having spent their shot, and finding the horsemen to be too strong for
+them, did give ground; but yet retired, in some order, towards the
+castle of Sanquhar, being hotly pursued by the troop, through the whole
+town, above a quarter of a mile, till they came to the castle; where
+both parties did, to their mutual grief, become sensible of their
+mistake. In this skirmish there were several killed on both sides, and
+Captain Palmer himself dangerously wounded, with many mo wounded in each
+troop, who did peaceably dwell together afterward for a time, untill
+their wounds were cured, in Sanquhar castle."--_Account of Presbytery of
+Penpont, in Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+  _And bold Aboyne is to the sea,
+    Young Huntly is his noble name._--P. 41. v. 3.
+
+James, earl of Aboyne, who fled to France, and there died heart-broken.
+It is said, his death was accelerated by the news of King Charles'
+execution. He became representative of the Gordon family, or _Young
+Huntly_, as the ballad expresses it, in consequence of the death of his
+elder brother, George, who fell in the battle of Alford.--_History of
+Gordon Family._
+
+  _Two thousand of our Danish men._--P. 41. v. 5.
+
+Montrose's foreign auxiliaries, who, by the way, did not exceed 600 in
+all.
+
+  _Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,
+    By whom the king's banner was borne._--P. 42. v. 1.
+
+Gilbert Menzies, younger of Pitfoddells, carried the royal banner in
+Montrose's last battle. It bore the headless corpse of Charles I., with
+this motto, _"Judge and revenge my cause, O Lord!"_ Menzies proved
+himself worthy of this noble trust, and, obstinately refusing quarter,
+died in defence of his charge. _Montrose's Memoirs_.
+
+  _Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith._--P. 42. v. 2.
+
+Sir Charles Hacket, an officer in the service of the estates.
+
+  _And Huntly's gone, the self-same way._--P. 42. v. 4.
+
+George Gordon, second marquis of Huntley, one of the very few nobles in
+Scotland, who had uniformly adhered to the king from the very beginning
+of the troubles, was beheaded by the sentence of the parliament of
+Scotland (so calling themselves), upon the 22d March, 1649, one month
+and twenty-two days after the martyrdom of his master. He has been much
+blamed for not cordially co-operating with Montrose; and Bishop Wishart,
+in the zeal of partiality for his hero, accuses Huntley of direct
+treachery. But he is a true believer, who seals, with his blood, his
+creed, religious or political; and there are many reasons, short of this
+foul charge, which may have dictated the backward conduct of Huntley
+towards Montrose. He could not forget, that, when he first stood out for
+the king, Montrose, then the soldier of the covenant, had actually made
+him prisoner: and we cannot suppose Huntley to have been so sensible of
+Montrose's superior military talents, as not to think himself, as equal
+in rank, superior in power, and more uniform in loyalty entitled to
+equally high marks of royal trust and favour. This much is certain, that
+the gallant clan of Gordon contributed greatly to Montrose's success;
+for the gentlemen of that name, with the brave and loyal Ogilvies,
+composed the principal part of his cavalry.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.
+
+
+We have observed the early antipathy, mutually entertained by the
+Scottish presbyterians and the house of Stuart It seems to have glowed
+in the breast even of the good-natured Charles II. He might have
+remembered, that, in 1551, the presbyterians had fought, bled, and
+ruined themselves in his cause. But he rather recollected their early
+faults than their late repentance; and even their services were combined
+with the recollection of the absurd and humiliating circumstances of
+personal degradation,[A] to which their pride and folly had subjected
+him, while they professed to espouse his cause. As a man of pleasure, he
+hated their stern and inflexible rigour, which stigmatised follies
+even more deeply than crimes; and he whispered to his confidents, that
+"presbytery was no religion for a gentleman." It is not, therefore,
+wonderful, that, in the first year of his restoration, he formally
+reestablished prelacy in Scotland; but it is surprising, that, with his
+father's example before his eyes, he should not have been satisfied
+to leave at freedom the consciences of those who could not reconcile
+themselves to the new system. The religious opinions of sectaries have a
+tendency like the water of some springs, to become soft and mild, when
+freely exposed to the open day. Who can recognise in the decent and
+industrious quakers, and ana-baptists the wild and ferocious tenets
+which distinguished their sects, while they were yet honoured with the
+distinction of the scourge and the pillory? Had the system of coercion
+against the presbyterians been continued until our day, Blair and
+Robertson would have preached in the wilderness, and only discovered
+their powers of eloquence and composition, by rolling along a deeper
+torrent of gloomy fanaticism.
+
+[Footnote A: Among other ridiculous occurrences, it is said, that some
+of Charles's gallantries were discovered by a prying neighbour. A wily
+old minister was deputed, by his brethren, to rebuke the king for this
+heinous scandal. Being introduced into the royal presence he limited
+his commission to a serious admonition, that, upon such occasions,
+his majesty should always shut the windows.--The king is said to have
+recompensed this unexpected lenity after the Restoration. He probably
+remembered the joke, though he might have forgotten the service.]
+
+The western counties distinguished themselves by their opposition to the
+prelatic system. Three hundred and fifty ministers, ejected from their
+churches and livings, wandered through the mountains, sowing the seeds
+of covenanted doctrine, while multitudes of fanatical followers pursued
+them, to reap the forbidden crop. These conventicles as they were
+called, were denounced by the law, and their frequenters dispersed by
+military force. The genius of the persecuted became stubborn, obstinate,
+and ferocious; and, although indulgencies were tardily granted to some
+presbyterian ministers, few of the true covenanters or whigs, as they
+were called, would condescend to compound with a prelatic government, or
+to listen even to their own favourite doctrine under the auspices of the
+king. From Richard Cameron, their apostle, this rigid sect acquired the
+name of Cameronians. They preached and prayed against the indulgence,
+and against the presbyterians who availed themselves of it, because
+their accepting this royal boon was a tacit acknowledgment of the king's
+supremacy in ecclesiastical matters. Upon these bigotted and persecuted
+fanatics, and by no means upon the presbyterians at large, are to
+be charged the wild anarchical principles of anti-monarchy and
+assassination which polluted the period when they flourished.
+
+The insurrection, commemorated and magnified in the following ballad, as
+indeed it has been in some histories, was, in itself, no very important
+affair. It began in Dumfries-shire where Sir James Turner, a soldier
+of fortune, was employed to levy the arbitrary fines imposed for not
+attending the episcopal churches. The people rose, seized his person,
+disarmed his soldiers, and having continued together, resolved to march
+towards Edinburgh, expecting to be joined by their friends in that
+quarter. In this they were disappointed; and, being now diminished to
+half their numbers, they drew up on the Pentland Hills, at a place
+called Rullien Green. They were commanded by one Wallace; and here they
+awaited the approach of General Dalziel, of Binns; who, having marched
+to Calder, to meet them on the Lanark road, and finding, that, by
+passing through Collington, they had got to the other side of the hills,
+cut through the mountains, and approached them. Wallace shewed both
+spirit and judgment: he drew his men up in a very strong situation, and
+withstood two charges of Dalziel's cavalry; but, upon the third shock,
+the insurgents were broken, and utterly dispersed. There was very little
+slaughter, as the cavalry of Dalziel were chiefly gentlemen, who pitied
+their oppressed and misguided countrymen. There were about fifty killed,
+and as many made prisoners. The battle was fought on the 28th November,
+1666; a day still observed by the scattered remnant of the Cameronian
+sect, who regularly hear a field-preaching upon the field of battle.
+
+I am obliged for a copy of the ballad to Mr Livingston of Airds, who
+took it down from the recitation of an old woman residing on his estate.
+
+The gallant Grahams, mentioned in the text, are Graham of Claverhouse's
+horse.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.
+
+
+_This Ballad is copied verbatim from the Old Woman's recitation._
+
+
+  The gallant Grahams cum from the west,
+  Wi' their horses black as ony craw;
+  The Lothian lads they marched fast,
+  To be at the Rhyns o' Gallowa.
+
+  Betwixt Dumfries town and Argyle,
+  The lads they marched mony a mile;
+  Souters and taylors unto them drew,
+  Their covenants for to renew.
+
+  The whigs, they, wi' their merry cracks,
+  Gard the poor pedlars lay down their packs;
+  But aye sinsyne they do repent
+  The renewing o' their covenant.
+
+  A the Mauchline muir, where they were reviewed,
+  Ten thousand men in armour shewed;
+  But, ere they cam to the Brockie's burn,
+  The half o' them did back return.
+
+  General Dalyell, as I hear tell,
+  Was our lieutenant general;
+  And captain Welsh, wi' his wit and skill,
+  Was to guide them on to the Pentland hill.
+
+  General Dalyell held to the hill,
+  Asking at them what was their will;
+  And who gave them this protestation,
+  To rise in arms against the nation?
+
+  "Although we all in armour be,
+  It's not against his majesty;
+  Nor yet to spill our neighbour's bluid,
+  But wi' the country we'll conclude."
+
+  "Lay down your arms, in the king's name,
+  And ye shall all gae safely hame;"
+  But they a' cried out, wi' ae consent,
+  "We'll fight a broken covenant."
+
+  "O well," says he, "since it is so,
+  A willfu' man never wanted woe;"
+  He then gave a sign unto his lads,
+  And they drew up in their brigades.
+
+  The trumpets blew, and the colours flew,
+  And every man to his armour drew;
+  The whigs were never so much aghast,
+  As to see their saddles toom sae fast.
+
+  The cleverest men stood in the van,
+  The whigs they took their heels and ran;
+  But such a raking was never seen,
+  As the raking o' the Rullien Green.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.
+
+
+The whigs, now become desperate, adopted the most desperate principles;
+and retaliating, as far as they could, the intolerating persecution
+which they endured, they openly disclaimed allegiance to any monarch
+who should not profess presbytery, and subscribe the covenant.--These
+principles were not likely to conciliate the favour of government; and
+as we wade onward in the history of the times, the scenes become yet
+darker. At length, one would imagine the parties had agreed to divide
+the kingdom of vice betwixt them; the hunters assuming to themselves
+open profligacy and legalized oppression; and the hunted, the opposite
+attributes of hypocrisy, fanaticism, disloyalty, and midnight
+assassination. The troopers and cavaliers became enthusiasts in the
+pursuit of the covenanters If Messrs Kid, King, Cameron, Peden, &c.
+boasted of prophetic powers, and were often warned of the approach of
+the soldiers, by supernatural impulse,[A] captain John Creichton, on
+the other side, dreamed dreams, and saw visions (chiefly, indeed, after
+having drunk hard), in which the lurking holes of the rebels were
+discovered to his imagination.[B] Our ears are scarcely more shocked
+with the profane execrations of the persecutors,[C] than with the
+strange and insolent familiarity used towards the Deity by the
+persecuted fanatics. Their indecent modes of prayer, their extravagant
+expectations of miraculous assistance, and their supposed inspirations,
+might easily furnish out a tale, at which the good would sigh, and the
+gay would laugh.
+
+[Footnote A: In the year 1684, Peden, one of the Cameronian preachers,
+about ten o'clock at night, sitting at the fire-side, started up to his
+feet, and said, "Flee, auld Sandie (thus he designed himself), and hide
+yourself! for colonel----is coming to this house to apprehend you; and
+I advise you all to do the like, for he will be here within an hour;"
+which came to pass: and when they had made a very narrow search, within
+and without the house, and went round the thorn-bush, under which he was
+lying praying, they went off without their prey. He came in, and said,
+"And has this gentleman (designed by his name) given poor Sandie, and
+thir poor things, such a fright? For this night's work, God shall give
+him such a blow, within a few days, that all the physicians on earth
+shall not be able to cure;" which came to pass, for he died in great
+misery.--_Life of Alexander Peden._]
+
+[Footnote B: See the life of this booted apostle of prelacy, written by
+Swift, who had collected all his anecdotes of persecution, and appears
+to have enjoyed them accordingly.]
+
+[Footnote C: "They raved," says Peden's historian, "like fleshly devils,
+when the mist shrouded from their pursuit the wandering whigs." One
+gentleman closed a declaration of vengeance against the conventiclers
+with this strange imprecation, "Or may the devil make my ribs a gridiron
+to my soul!"--MS. _Account of the Presbytery of Penpont._ Our armies
+swore terribly in Flanders, but nothing to this!]
+
+In truth, extremes always approach each other; and the superstition of
+the Roman catholics was, in some degree, revived, even by their most
+deadly enemies. They are ridiculed by the cavaliers, as wearing the
+relics of their saints by way of amulet:--
+
+  "She shewed to me a box, wherein lay hid
+  The pictures of Cargil and Mr Kid;
+  A splinter of the tree, on which they were slain;
+  A double inch of Major Weir's best cane;
+  Rathillet's sword, beat down to table-knife,
+  Which took at Magus' Muir a bishop's life;
+  The worthy Welch's spectacles, who saw,
+  That windle-straws would fight against the law;
+  They, windle-straws, were stoutest of the two,
+  They kept their ground, away the prophet flew;
+  And lists of all the prophets' names were seen
+  At Pentland Hills, Aird-Moss, and Rullen Green.
+    "Don't think," she says, "these holy things are foppery;
+  They're precious antidotes against the power of popery."
+      _The Cameronian Tooth.--Pennycuick's Poems,_ p. 110.
+
+The militia and standing army soon became unequal to the task of
+enforcing conformity, and suppressing conventicles In, their aid, and to
+force compliance with a test proposed by government, the Highland
+clans were raised, and poured down into Ayrshire.[A] An armed host
+of undisciplined mountaineers, speaking a different language, and
+professing, many of them, another religion, were let loose, to ravage
+and plunder this unfortunate country; and it is truly astonishing to
+find how few acts of cruelty they perpetrated, and how seldom they added
+murder to pillage[B] Additional levies of horse were also raised, under
+the name of Independent Troops, and great part of them placed under the
+command of James Grahame of Claverhouse a man well known to fame, by
+his subsequent title of viscount Dundee, but better remembered, in the
+western shires, under the designation of the bloody Clavers. In truth,
+he appears to have combined the virtues and vices of a savage chief.
+Fierce, unbending, and rigorous, no emotion of compassion prevented his
+commanding, and witnessing, every detail of military execution against
+the non-conformists. Undauntedly brave, and steadily faithful to his
+prince, he sacrificed himself in the cause of James, when he was
+deserted by all the world. If we add, to these attributes, a goodly
+person, complete skill in martial exercises, and that ready and decisive
+character, so essential to a commander, we may form some idea of this
+extraordinary character. The whigs, whom he persecuted daunted by his
+ferocity and courage, conceived him to be impassive to their bullets,[C]
+and that he had sold himself, for temporal greatness, to the
+seducer of mankind. It is still believed, that a cup of wine,
+presented to him by his butler, changed into clotted blood; and
+that, when he plunged his feet into cold water, their touch
+caused it to boil. The steed, which bore him, was supposed
+to be the gift of Satan; and precipices are shewn, where a fox could
+hardly keep his feet, down which the infernal charger conveyed him
+safely, in pursuit of the wanderers. It is remembered, with terror, that
+Claverhouse was successful in every engagement with the whigs, except
+that at Drumclog, or Loudon-hill, which is the subject of the following
+ballad. The history of Burly, the hero of the piece, will bring us
+immediately to the causes and circumstances of that event.
+
+[Footnote A: Peden complained heavily, that, after a heavy struggle with
+the devil, he had got above him, _spur-galled_ him hard, and obtained a
+wind to carry him from Ireland to Scotland, when, behold! another person
+had set sail, and reaped the advantage of his _prayer-wind,_ before he
+could embark.]
+
+[Footnote B: Cleland thus describes this extraordinary army:
+
+  --Those, who were their chief commanders,
+  As sach who bore the pirnie standarts.
+  Who led the van, and drove the rear,
+  Were right well mounted of their gear;
+  With brogues, and trews, and pirnie plaids,
+  With good blue bonnets on their heads,
+  Which, oil the one side, had a flipe,
+  Adorn'd with a tobacco pipe,
+  With durk, and snap-work, and snuff-mill,
+  A bag which they with onions fill;
+  And, as their strict observers say,
+  A tup-born filled with usquebay;
+  A slasht out coat beneath her plaides,
+  A targe of timber, nails, and hides;
+  With a long two-handed sword,
+  As good's the country can afford.
+  Had they not need of bulk-and bones.
+  Who fought with all these arms at once?
+
+         *       *       *       *
+
+  Of moral honestie they're clean,
+  Nought like religion they retain;
+  In nothing they're accounted sharp,
+  Except in bag-pipe, and in harp;
+  For a misobliging word,
+  She'll durk her neighbour o'er the boord,
+  And then she'll flee like fire from flint,
+  She'll scarcely ward the second dint;
+  If any ask her of her thrift.
+  Forsooth her nainsell lives by thift.
+    _Cleland's Poems,_ Edin. 1697, p. 12.
+]
+
+[Footnote C: It was, and is believed, that the devil furnished his
+favourites, among the persecutors, with what is called _proof_
+against leaden bullets, but against those only. During the battle of
+Pentland-hills Paton of Meadowhead conceived he saw the balls hop
+harmlessly down from General Dalziel's boots, and, to counteract the
+spell, loaded his pistol with a piece of silver coin. But Dalziel,
+having his eye on him, drew back behind his servant, who was shot
+dead.--_Paton's Life._ At a skirmish, in Ayrshire, some of the wanderers
+defended themselves in a sequestered house, by the side of a lake. They
+aimed repeatedly, but in vain, at the commander of the assailants, an
+English officer, until, their ammunition running short, one of them
+loaded his piece with the ball at the head of the tongs, and succeeded
+in shooting the hitherto impenetrable captain. To accommodate Dundee's
+fate to their own hypothesis, the Cameronian tradition runs, that, in
+the battle of Killicrankie, he fell, not by the enemy's fire, but by the
+pistol of one of his own servants, who, to avoid the spell, had loaded
+it with a silver button from his coat. One of their writers argues thus:
+"Perhaps, some may think this, anent proof-shot, a paradox, and be ready
+to object here, as formerly concerning Bishop Sharpe and Dalziel--How
+can the devil have, or give, power to save life? Without entering upon
+the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1. That it is neither
+in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is
+called Apollyon, the destroyer. 2. That, even in this case, he is said
+only to give enchantment against one kind of metal, and this does not
+save life: for, though lead could not take Sharpe and Claverhouse's
+lives, yet steel and silver could do it; and, for Dalziel, though
+he died not on the field, yet he did not escape the arrows of the
+Almighty."--_God's Judgement against Persecutors._ If the reader be not
+now convinced of _the thing in its reality_, I have nothing to add to
+such exquisite reasoning.]
+
+John Balfour of Kinloch, commonly called Burly, was one of the fiercest
+of the proscribed sect. A gentleman by birth, he was, says his
+biographer, "zealous and honest-hearted, courageous in every enterprise,
+and a brave soldier, seldom any escaping that came in his hands." _Life
+of John Balfour._ Creichton says, that he was once chamberlain to
+Archbishop Sharpe, and, by negligence, or dishonesty, had incurred
+a large arrear, which occasioned his being active in his master's
+assassination. But of this I know no other evidence than Creichton's
+assertion, and a hint in Wodrow. Burly, for that is his most common
+designation, was brother-in-law to Hackston of Rathillet a wild
+enthusiastic character, who joined daring courage, and skill in the
+sword, to the fiery zeal of his sect. Burly, himself, was less eminent
+for religious fervour than for the active and violent share which he had
+in the most desperate enterprises of his party. His name does not appear
+among the covenanters, who were denounced for the affair of Pentland.
+But, in 1677, Robert Hamilton, afterwards commander of the insurgents at
+Loudon Hill, and Bothwell Bridge, with several other non-conformists,
+were assembled at this Burly's house, in Fife. There they were attacked
+by a party of soldiers, commanded by Captain Carstairs, whom they beat
+off, wounding desperately one of his party. For this resistance to
+authority, they were declared rebels. The next exploit, in which Burly
+was engaged, was of a bloodier complexion, and more dreadful celebrity.
+It is well known, that James Sharpe, archbishop of St Andrews, was
+regarded, by the rigid presbyterians, not only as a renegade, who had
+turned back from the spiritual plough, but as the principal author of
+the rigours exercised against their sect. He employed, as an agent of
+his oppression, one Carmichael, a decayed gentleman. The industry
+of this man, in procuring information, and in enforcing the severe
+penalties against conventiclers, having excited the resentment of
+the Cameronians, nine of their number, of whom Burly, and his
+brother-in-law, Hackston, were the leaders, assembled, with the purpose
+of way-laying and murdering Carmichael; but, while they searched for him
+in vain, they received tidings that the archbishop himself was at hand.
+The party resorted to prayer; after which, they agreed, unanimously,
+that the Lord had delivered the wicked Haman into their hand. In the
+execution of the supposed will of heaven, they agreed to put themselves
+under the command of a leader; and they requested Hackston of Rathillet
+to accept the office, which he declined alleging, that, should he comply
+with their request, the slaughter might be imputed to a private quarrel,
+which existed betwixt him and the archbishop. The command was then
+offered to Burly, who accepted it without scruple; and they galloped off
+in pursuit of the archbishop's carriage, which contained himself and
+his daughter. Being well mounted, they easily overtook and disarmed the
+prelate's attendants. Burly, crying out, "Judas, be taken!" rode up to
+the carriage, wounded the postillion and ham-strung one of the horses.
+He then fired into the coach a piece, charged with several bullets, so
+near, that the archbishop's gown was set on fire. The rest, coming up,
+dismounted, and dragged him out of the carriage, when, frightened and
+wounded, he crawled towards Hackston, who still remained on horseback,
+and begged for mercy. The stern enthusiast contented himself with
+answering, that he would not himself _lay a hand on him_. Burly and his
+men again fired a volley upon the kneeling old man; and were in the act
+of riding off, when one, who remained to girth his horse, unfortunately
+heard the daughter of their victim call to the servant for help,
+exclaiming, that his master was still alive. Burly then again
+dismounted, struck off the prelate's hat with his foot, and split his
+skull with his shable (broad sword), although one of the party (probably
+Rathillet) exclaimed, "_Spare these grey hairs_!"[A] The rest pierced
+him with repeated wounds. They plundered the carriage, and rode off,
+leaving, beside the mangled corpse, the daughter, who was herself
+wounded, in her pious endeavour to interpose betwixt her father and his
+murderers. The murder is accurately represented, in bas-relief, upon a
+beautiful monument erected to the memory of Archbishop Sharpe, in the
+metropolitan church of St Andrews. This memorable example of fanatic
+revenge was acted upon Magus Muir, near St Andrews, 3d May, 1679.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: They believed Sharpe to be proof against shot; for one of
+the murderers told Wodrow, that, at the sight of cold iron, his courage
+fell. They no longer doubted this, when they found in his pocket a small
+clue of silk, rolled round a bit of parchment, marked with two long
+words, in Hebrew or Chaldaic characters. Accordingly, it is still
+averred, that the balls only left blue marks on the prelate's neck and
+breast, although the discharge was so near as to burn his clothes.]
+
+[Footnote B: The question, whether the bishop of St Andrews' death was
+murder was a shibboleth, or _experimentum crucis_, frequently put to the
+apprehended conventiclers. Isabel Alison, executed at Edinburgh, 26th
+January, 1681, was interrogated, before the privy council, if she
+conversed with David Hackston? "I answered, I did converse with him, and
+I bless the Lord that ever I saw him; for I never saw ought in him but
+a godly pious youth. They asked, if the killing of the bishop of St
+Andrews was a pious act? I answered, I never heard him say he killed
+him; but, if God moved any, and put it upon them, to execute his
+righteous judgment upon him, I have nothing to say to that. They asked
+me, when saw ye John Balfour (Burly), that pious youth? I answered,
+I have seen him. They asked, when? I answered, these are frivolous
+questions; I am not bound to answer them." _Cloud of Witnesses_, p. 85.]
+
+Burly was, of course, obliged to leave Fife; and, upon the 25th of the
+same month, he arrived in Evandale, in Lanarkshire, along with Hackston,
+and a fellow, called Dingwall, or Daniel, one of the same bloody band.
+Here he joined his old friend Hamilton, already mentioned; and, as they
+resolved to take up arms, they were soon at the head of such a body of
+the "chased and tossed western men," as they thought equal to keep the
+field. They resolved to commence their exploits upon the 29th of May,
+1679, being the anniversary of the Restoration, appointed to be kept as
+a holiday, by act of parliament; an institution which they esteemed a
+presumptuous and unholy solemnity. Accordingly, at the head of eighty
+horse, tolerably appointed, Hamilton, Burly, and Hackston, entered the
+royal burgh of Rutherglen, extinguished the bonfires, made in honour
+of the day; burned at the cross the acts of parliament in favour of
+prelacy, and for suppression of conventicles, as well as those acts
+of council, which regulated the indulgence granted to presbyterians.
+Against all these acts they entered their solemn protest, or testimony,
+as they called it; and, having affixed it to the cross, concluded with
+prayer and psalms. Being now joined by a large body of foot, so that
+their strength seems to have amounted to five or six hundred men, though
+very indifferently armed, they encamped upon Loudoun Hill. Claverhouse,
+who was in garrison at Glasgow, instantly marched against the
+insurgents, at the head of his own troop of cavalry and others,
+amounting to about one hundred and fifty men. He arrived at Hamilton,
+on the 1st of June, so unexpectedly, as to make prisoner John King, a
+famous preacher among the wanderers; and rapidly continued his march,
+carrying his captive along with him, till he came to the village of
+Drumclog, about a mile east of Loudoun Hill, and twelve miles south-west
+of Hamilton. At some distance from this place, the insurgents were
+skilfully posted in a boggy strait, almost inaccessible to cavalry,
+having a broad ditch in their front. Claverhouse's dragoons discharged
+their carabines, and made an attempt to charge; but the nature of the
+ground threw them into total disorder. Burly, who commanded the handful
+of horse belonging to the whigs, instantly led them down on the
+disordered squadrons of Claverhouse, who were, at the same time,
+vigorously assaulted by the foot, headed by the gallant Cleland,[A] and
+the enthusiastic Hackston. Claverhouse himself was forced to fly, and
+was in the utmost danger of being taken; his horse's belly being cut
+open by the stroke of a scythe, so that the poor animal trailed his
+bowels for more than a mile. In his flight, he passed King, the
+minister, lately his prisoner, but now deserted by his guard, in the
+general confusion. The preacher hollowed to the flying commander, "to
+halt, and take his prisoner with him;" or, as others say, "to stay,
+and take the afternoon's preaching." Claverhouse, at length remounted,
+continued his retreat to Glasgow. He lost, in the skirmish, about twenty
+of his troopers, and his own cornet and kinsman, Robert Graham, whose
+fate is alluded to in the ballad. Only four of the other side were
+killed, among whom was Dingwall, or Daniel, an associate of Burly in
+Sharpe's murder. "The rebels," says Creichton, "finding the cornet's
+body, and supposing it to be that of Clavers, because the name of Graham
+was wrought in the shirt-neck, treated it with the utmost inhumanity;
+cutting off the nose, picking out the eyes, and stabbing it through in
+a hundred places." The same charge is brought by Guild, in his _Bellum
+Bothuellianum_, in which occurs the following account of the skirmish at
+Drumclog:--
+
+  Mons est occiduus surgit qui celsus in oris
+  (Nomine Loudunum) fossis puteisque profundis
+  Quot scatet hic tellus et aprico gramine tectus:
+  Huc collecta (ait) numeroso milite cincta;
+  Turba ferox, matres, pueri, innuptaeque puellae;
+  Quam parat egregia Graemus dispersere turma.
+  Venit, et primo campo discedere cogit;
+  Post hos et alios, caeno provolvit inerti;
+  At numerosa cohors, campum dispersa per omnem,
+  Circumfusa, ruit; turmasque indagine captas,
+  Aggreditur; virtus non hic, nec profuit ensis;
+  Corripuere fugam, viridi sed gramine tectis,
+  Precipitata perit, fossis, pars plurima, quorum
+  Cornipedes haesere luto, sessore rejecto:
+  Tum rabiosa cohors, misereri nescia, stratos
+  Invadit laceratque viros: hic signifer eheu!
+  Trajectus globulo, Graemus quo fortior alter,
+  Inter Scotigenas fuerat, nec justior ullus:
+  Hunc manibus rapuere feris, faciemque virilem
+  Faedarunt, lingua, auriculus, manibusque resectis,
+  Aspera, diffuso, spargentes saxa, cerebro:
+  Vix dux ipse fuga salvus, namque exta trahebat
+  Vulnere tardatus, sonipes generosus hiante:
+  Insequitur clamore, cohors fanatica, namque
+  Crudelis semper timidus si vicerit unquam.
+      _MS. Bellum Bothuellianum._
+
+[Footnote A: William Cleland, a man of considerable genius, was author
+of several poems, published in 1697. His Hudibrastic verses are poor
+scurrilous trash, as the reader may judge from the description of the
+Highlanders, already quoted. But, in a wild rhapsody, entitled, "Hollo,
+my Fancy," he displays some imagination. His anti-monarchical principles
+seem to break out in the following lines:--
+
+  Fain would I know (if beasts have any reason)
+  _If falcons killing eagles do commit a treason?_
+
+He was a strict non-conformist, and, after the Revolution, became
+lieutenant colonel of the earl of Angus's regiment, called the
+Cameronian regiment. He was killed 21st August, 1689, in the churchyard
+of Dunkeld, which his corps manfully and successfully defended against
+a superior body of Highlanders. His son was the author of the letter
+prefixed to the Dunciad, and is said to have been the notorious Cleland,
+who, in circumstances of pecuniary embarrassment, prostituted his
+talents to the composition of indecent and infamous works; but this
+seems inconsistent with dates, and the latter personage was probably the
+grandson of Colonel Cleland.]
+
+Although Burly was among the most active leaders in the action, he was
+not the commander in chief, as one would conceive from the ballad. That
+honour belonged to Robert Hamilton, brother to Sir William Hamilton of
+Preston, a gentleman, who, like most of those at Drumclog, had imbibed
+the very wildest principles of fanaticism. The Cameronian account of
+the insurrection states, that "Mr Hamilton discovered a great deal of
+bravery and valour, both in the conflict with, and pursuit of the enemy;
+but when he and some others were pursuing the enemy, others flew too
+greedily upon the spoil, small as it was, instead of pursuing the
+victory: and some, without Mr Hamilton's knowledge, and against his
+strict command, gave five of these bloody enemies quarters, and then let
+them go: this greatly grieved Mr Hamilton, when he saw some of Babel's
+brats spared, after the Lord had delivered them to their hands, that
+they might dash them against the stones." _Psalm_ cxxxvii. 9. In his own
+account of this, "he reckons the sparing of these enemies, and letting
+them go, to be among their first stepping aside; for which, he feared
+that the Lord would not honour them to do much more for him; and says,
+that he was neither for taking favours from, nor giving favours to the
+Lord's enemies." Burly was not a likely man to fall into this sort of
+backsliding. He disarmed one of the duke of Hamilton's servants, who had
+been in the action, and desired him to tell his master, he would keep,
+till meeting, the pistols he had taken from him. The man described Burly
+to the duke as a little stout man, squint-eyed, and of a most ferocious
+aspect; from which it appears, that Burly's figure corresponded to his
+manners, and perhaps gave rise to his nickname, _Burly_ signifying
+_strong_. He was with the insurgents till the battle of Bothwell Bridge,
+and afterwards fled to Holland. He joined the prince of Orange, but died
+at sea, during the expedition. The Cameronians still believe, he
+had obtained liberty from the prince to be avenged of those who had
+persecuted the Lord's people; but through his death, the laudable design
+of purging the land with their blood, is supposed to have fallen to the
+ground.--_Life of Balfour of Kinloch._
+
+The consequences of the battle of Loudon Hill will be detailed in the
+introduction to the next ballad.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.
+
+
+  You'l marvel when I tell ye o'
+   Our noble Burly, and his train;
+  When last he march'd up thro' the land,
+   Wi' sax and twenty westland men.
+
+  Than they I ne'er o' braver heard,
+   For they had a' baith wit and skill
+  They proved right well, as I heard tell,
+   As they cam up o'er Loudoun Hill.
+
+  Weel prosper a' the gospel lads,
+   That are into the west countrie;
+  Ay wicked Claver'se to demean,
+   And ay an ill dead may he die!
+
+  For he's drawn up i' battle rank,
+   An' that baith soon an' hastilie;
+  But they wha live till simmer come,
+   Some bludie days for this will see.
+
+  But up spak cruel Claver'se then,
+   Wi' hastie wit, an' wicked skill;
+  "Gie fire on yon westlan' men;
+   "I think it is my sov'reign's will."
+
+  But up bespake his cornet, then,
+   "It's be wi' nae consent o' me!
+  "I ken I'll ne'er come back again,
+   "An' mony mae as weel as me.
+
+  "There is not ane of a' yon men,
+   "But wha is worthy other three;
+  "There is na ane amang them a',
+   "That in his cause will stap to die.
+
+  "An' as for Burly, him I knaw;
+   "He's a man of honour, birth, an' fame;
+  "Gie him a sword into his hand,
+   "He'll fight thysel an' other ten."
+
+  But up spake wicked Claver'se then,
+   I wat his heart it raise fu' hie!
+  And he has cry'd that a' might hear,
+  "Man, ye hae sair deceived me.
+
+  "I never ken'd the like afore,
+   "Na, never since I came frae hame,
+  "That you sae cowardly here suld prove,
+   "An' yet come of a noble Graeme."
+
+  But up bespake his cornet, then,
+  "Since that it is your honour's will,
+   "Mysel shall be the foremost man,
+  "That shall gie fire on Loudoun Hill.
+
+  "At your command I'll lead them on,
+   "But yet wi' nae consent o' me;
+  "For weel I ken I'll ne'er return,
+   "And mony mae as weel as me."
+
+  Then up he drew in battle rank;
+   I wat he had a bonny train!
+  But the first time that bullets flew,
+   Ay he lost twenty o' his men.
+
+  Then back he came the way he gael,
+   I wat right soon an' suddenly!
+  He gave command amang his men,
+   And sent them back, and bade them flee.
+
+  Then up came Burly, bauld an' stout,
+   Wi's little train o' westland men;
+  Wha mair than either aince or twice
+   In Edinburgh confined had been.
+
+  They hae been up to London sent,
+   An' yet they're a' come safely down;
+  Sax troop o' horsemen they hae beat,
+   And chased them into Glasgow town.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+It has been often remarked, that the Scottish, notwithstanding their
+national courage, were always unsuccessful, when fighting for their
+religion. The cause lay, not in the principle, but in the mode of its
+application. A leader like Mahomet, who is, at the same time, the
+prophet of his tribe, may avail himself of religious enthusiasm, because
+it comes to the aid of discipline, and is a powerful means of attaining
+the despotic command, essential to the success of a general. But,
+among the insurgents, in the reigns of the last Stuarts, were mingled
+preachers, who taught different shades of the presbyterian doctrine;
+and, minute as these shades sometimes were, neither the several
+shepherds, nor their flocks, could cheerfully unite in a common cause.
+This will appear from the transactions leading to the battle of Bothwell
+Bridge.
+
+We have seen, that the party, which defeated Claverhouse at Loudoun
+Hill, were Cameronians, whose principles consisted in disowning all
+temporal authority, which did not flow from and through the Solemn
+League and Covenant. This doctrine, which is still retained by a
+scattered remnant of the sect in Scotland, is in theory, and would be in
+practice, inconsistent with the safety of any well regulated government,
+because the Covenanters deny to their governors that toleration, which
+was iniquitously refused to themselves. In many respects, therefore, we
+cannot be surprised at the anxiety and rigour with which the Cameronians
+were persecuted, although we may be of opinion, that milder means would
+have induced a melioration of their principles. These men, as already
+noticed, excepted against such presbyterians, as were contented to
+exercise their worship under the indulgence granted by government,
+or, in other words, who would have been satisfied with toleration for
+themselves, without insisting upon a revolution in the state, or even in
+the church government.
+
+When, however, the success at Loudoun Hill was spread abroad, a number
+of preachers, gentlemen, and common people, who had embraced the more
+moderate doctrine, joined the army of Hamilton, thinking, that the
+difference in their opinions ought not to prevent their acting in the
+common cause. The insurgents were repulsed in an attack upon the town
+of Glasgow, which, however, Claverhouse, shortly afterwards, thought it
+necessary to evacuate. They were now nearly in full possession of the
+west of Scotland, and pitched their camp at Hamilton, where, instead of
+modelling and disciplining their army, the Cameronians and Erastians
+(for so the violent insurgents chose to call the more moderate
+presbyterians) only debated, in council of war, the real cause of their
+being in arms. Hamilton, their general, was the leader of the first
+party; Mr John Walsh, a minister, headed the Erastians. The latter so
+far prevailed, as to get a declaration drawn up, in which they owned the
+king's government; but the publication of it gave rise to new quarrels.
+Each faction had its own set of leaders, all of whom aspired to be
+officers; and there were actually two councils of war issuing contrary
+orders and declarations at the same time; the one owning the king, and
+the other designing him a malignant, bloody, and perjured tyrant.
+
+Meanwhile, their numbers and zeal were magnified at Edinburgh, and great
+alarm excited lest they should march eastward. Not only was the foot
+militia instantly called out, but proclamations were issued, directing
+all the heritors, in the eastern, southern, and northern shires, to
+repair to the king's host, with their best horses, arms, and retainers.
+In Fife, and other countries, where the presbyterian doctrines
+prevailed, many gentlemen disobeyed this order, and were afterwards
+severely fined. Most of them alleged, in excuse, the apprehension of
+disquiet from their wives.[A] A respectable force was soon assembled;
+and James, duke of Buccleuch and Monmouth, was sent down, by Charles,
+to take the command, furnished with instructions, not unfavourable
+to presbyterians. The royal army now moved slowly forwards towards
+Hamilton, and reached Bothwell-moor on the 22d of June, 1679. The
+insurgents were encamped chiefly in the duke of Hamilton's park, along
+the Clyde, which separated the two armies. Bothwell-bridge, which is
+long and narrow, had then a portal in the middle, with gates, which the
+Covenanters shut, and barricadoed with stones and logs of timber. This
+important post was defended by three hundred of their best men, under
+Hackston of Rathillet, and Hall of Haughhead. Early in the morning, this
+party crossed the bridge, and skirmished with the royal van-guard,
+now advanced as far as the village of Bothwell. But Hackston speedily
+retired to his post, at the western end of Bothwell-bridge.
+
+[Footnote A: "Balcanquhall of that ilk alledged, that his horses were
+robbed, but shunned to take the declaration, for fear of disquiet from
+his wife. Young of Kirkton--his ladyes dangerous sickness, and bitter
+curses if he should leave her, and the appearance of abortion on his
+offering to go from her. And many others pled, in general terms, that
+their wives opposed or contradicted their going. But the justiciary
+court found this defence totally irrelevant."--Fountainhall's
+_Decisions_, Vol. I. p. 88.]
+
+While the dispositions, made by the duke of Monmouth, announced his
+purpose of assailing the pass, the more moderate of the insurgents
+resolved to offer terms. Ferguson of Kaithloch, a gentleman of landed
+fortune, and David Hume, a clergyman, carried to the duke of Monmouth
+a supplication, demanding free exercise of their religion, a free
+parliament, and a free general assembly of the church. The duke heard
+their demands with his natural mildness, and assured them, he would
+interpose with his majesty in their behalf, on condition of their
+immediately dispersing themselves, and yielding up their arms. Had the
+insurgents been all of the moderate opinion, this proposal would have
+been accepted, much bloodshed saved, and, perhaps, some permanent
+advantage derived to their party; or, had they been all Cameronians,
+their defence would have been fierce and desperate. But, while their
+motley and misassorted officers were debating upon the duke's proposal,
+his field-pieces were already planted on the eastern side of the
+river, to cover the attack of the foot guards, who were led on by Lord
+Livingstone to force the bridge. Here Hackston maintained his post with
+zeal and courage; nor was it until all his ammunition was expended, and
+every support denied him by the general, that he reluctantly abandoned
+the important pass.[A] When his party were drawn back, the duke's army,
+slowly, and with their cannon in front, defiled along the bridge,
+and formed in line of battle, as they came over the river; the duke
+commanded the foot, and Claverhouse the cavalry. It would seem, that
+these movements could not have been performed without at least some
+loss, had the enemy been serious in opposing them. But the insurgents
+were otherwise employed. With the strangest delusion, that ever fell
+upon devoted beings, they chose these precious moments to cashier their
+officers, and elect others in their room. In this important operation,
+they were at length disturbed by the duke's cannon, at the very first
+discharge of which, the horse of the Covenanters wheeled, and rode off,
+breaking and trampling down the ranks of their infantry in their flight.
+The Cameronian account blames Weir of Greenridge, a commander of the
+horse, who is termed a sad Achan in the camp. The more moderate party
+lay the whole blame on Hamilton, whose conduct, they say, left the world
+to debate, whether he was most traitor, coward, or fool. The generous
+Monmouth was anxious to spare the blood of his infatuated countrymen, by
+which he incurred much blame among the high-flying royalists. Lucky it
+was for the insurgents that the battle did not happen a day later, when
+old General Dalziel, who divided with Claverhouse the terror and hatred
+of the whigs, arrived in the camp, with a commission to supersede
+Monmouth, as commander in chief. He is said to have upbraided the
+duke, publicly, with his lenity, and heartily to have wished his own
+commission had come a day sooner, when, as he expresses himself, "These
+rogues should never more have troubled the king or country."[B] But,
+notwithstanding the merciful orders of the duke of Monmouth, the cavalry
+made great slaughter among the fugitives, of whom four hundred were
+slain. Guild thus expresses himself:
+
+  Ei ni Dux validus tenuisset forte catervas,
+  Vix quisquam profugus vitam servasset inertem:
+  Non audita Ducis verum mandata supremi
+  Omnibus, insequitur fugientes plurima turba,
+  Perque agros, passim, trepida formidine captos
+  Obtruncat, saevumque adigit per viscera ferrum.
+      _MS. Bellum Bothuellianum._
+
+[Footnote A: There is an accurate representation of this part of the
+engagement in an old painting, of which there are two copies extant;
+one in the collection of his grace the duke of Hamilton, the other at
+Dalkeith house. The whole appearance of the ground, even including a few
+old houses, is the same which the scene now presents: The removal of the
+porch, or gateway, upon the bridge, is the only perceptible difference.
+The duke of Monmouth, on a white charger, directs the march of the party
+engaged in storming the bridge, while his artillery gall the motley
+ranks of the Covenanters. An engraving of this painting would be
+acceptable to the curious; and I am satisfied an opportunity of copying
+it, for that purpose, would be readily granted by either of the noble
+proprietors.]
+
+[Footnote B: Dalziel was a man of savage manners. A prisoner having
+railed at him, while under examination before the privy council, calling
+him "a Muscovia beast, who used to roast men, the general, in a passion,
+struck him, with the pomel of his shabble, on the face, till the blood
+sprung."--FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 159. He had sworn never to shave his
+beard after the death of Charles the First. This venerable appendage
+reached his girdle, and, as he wore always an old-fashioned buff coat,
+his appearance in London never failed to attract the notice of the
+children and of the mob. King Charles II. used to swear at him, for
+bringing such a rabble of boys together, to be squeezed to death, while
+they gaped at his long beard and antique habit, and exhorted him to
+shave and dress like a Christian, to keep the poor _bairns_, as Dalziel
+expressed it, out of danger. In compliance with this request, he once
+appeared at court fashionably dressed, excepting the beard; but, when
+the king had laughed sufficiently at the metamorphosis, he
+resumed his old dress, to the great joy of the boys, his usual
+attendants.--CREICHTON'S _Memoirs_, p. 102.]
+
+The same deplorable circumstances are more elegantly bewailed in
+_Clyde_, a poem, reprinted in _Scotish Descriptive Poems_, edited by Dr
+John Leyden, Edinburgh, 1803:
+
+  "Where Bothwell's bridge connects the margins steep,
+  And Clyde, below, runs silent, strong, and deep,
+  The hardy peasant, by oppression driven
+  To battle, deemed his cause the cause of heaven:
+  Unskilled in arms, with useless courage stood,
+  While gentle Monmouth grieved to shed his blood:
+  But fierce Dundee, inflamed with deadly hate,
+  In vengeance for the great Montrose's fate,
+  Let loose the sword, and to the hero's shade
+  A barbarous hecatomb of victims paid."
+
+The object of Claverhouse's revenge, assigned by Wilson, is grander,
+though more remote and less natural, than that in the ballad, which
+imputes the severity of the pursuit to his thirst to revenge the death
+of his cornet and kinsman, at Drumclog;[A] and to the quarrel betwixt
+Claverhouse and Monmouth, it ascribes, with great _naiveté_ the bloody
+fate of the latter. Local tradition is always apt to trace foreign
+events to the domestic causes, which are more immediately in the
+narrator's view. There is said to be another song upon this battle, once
+very popular, but I have not been able to recover it. This copy is given
+from recitation.
+
+[Footnote A: There is some reason to conjecture, that the revenge of the
+Cameronians, if successful, would have been little less sanguinary than
+that of the royalists. Creichton mentions, that they had erected, in
+their camp, a high pair of gallows, and prepared a quantity of halters,
+to hang such prisoners as might fall into their hands, and he admires
+the forbearance of the king's soldiers, who, when they returned with
+their prisoners, brought them to the very spot where the gallows stood,
+and guarded them there, without offering to hang a single individual.
+Guild, in the _Bellum Bothuellianum_, alludes to the same story, which
+is rendered probable by the character of Hamilton, the insurgent
+general. GUILD'S _MSS._--CREICHTON'S _Memoirs_, p. 61.]
+
+There were two Gordons of Earlstoun, father and son. They were descended
+of an ancient family in the west of Scotland, and their progenitors were
+believed to have been favourers of the reformed doctrine, and possessed
+of a translation of the Bible, as early as the days of Wickliffe.
+William Gordon, the father, was, in 1663, summoned before the privy
+council, for keeping conventicles in his house and woods. By another act
+of council, he was banished out of Scotland; but the sentence was never
+put into execution. In 1667, Earlstoun was turned out of his house,
+which was converted into a garrison for the king's soldiers. He was not
+in the battle of Bothwell Bridge, but was met, hastening towards it, by
+some English dragoons, engaged in the pursuit, already commenced. As
+he refused to surrender, he was instantly slain. WILSON'S _History
+of Bothwell Rising--Life of Gordon of Earlston, in Scottish
+Worthies_--WODROW'S _History,_ Vol. II. The son, Alexander Gordon
+of Earlstoun, I suppose to be the hero of the ballad. He was not a
+Cameronian, but of the more moderate class of presbyterians, whose sole
+object was freedom of conscience, and relief from the oppressive laws
+against non-conformists. He joined the insurgents, shortly after the
+skirmish at Loudoun-hill. He appears to have been active in forwarding
+the supplication sent to the duke of Monmouth. After the battle, he
+escaped discovery, by flying into a house at Hamilton, belonging to one
+of his tenants, and disguising himself in female attire. His person
+was proscribed, and his estate of Earlstoun was bestowed upon Colonel
+Theophilus Ogilthorpe, by the crown, first in security for L.5000,
+and afterwards in perpetuity.--FOUNTAINHALL, p. 390. The same author
+mentions a person tried at the circuit court, July 10, 1683, solely for
+holding intercourse with Earlstoun, an intercommuned (proscribed) rebel.
+As he had been in Holland after the battle of Bothwell, he was probably
+accessory to the scheme of invasion, which the unfortunate earl of
+Argyle was then meditating. He was apprehended upon his return to
+Scotland, tried, convicted of treason, and condemned to die; but his
+fate was postponed by a letter from the king, appointing him to be
+reprieved for a month, that he might, in the interim, be tortured for
+the discovery of his accomplices. The council had the unusual spirit
+to remonstrate against this illegal course of severity. On November
+3, 1653, he received a farther respite, in hopes he would make some
+discovery. When brought to the bar, to be tortured (for the king had
+reiterated his commands), he, through fear or distraction, roared like a
+bull, and laid so stoutly about him, that the hangman and his assistant
+could hardly master him. At last he fell into a swoon, and, on his
+recovery, charged General Dalziel and Drummond (violent tories),
+together with the duke of Hamilton, with being the leaders of the
+fanatics. It was generally thought, that he affected this extravagant
+behaviour, to invalidate all that agony might extort from him concerning
+his real accomplices. He was sent, first, to Edinburgh castle, and,
+afterwards, to a prison upon the Bass island; although the privy council
+more than once deliberated upon appointing his immediate death. On 22d
+August, 1684, Earlstoun was sent for from the Bass, and ordered for
+execution, 4th November, 1684. He endeavoured to prevent his doom by
+escape; but was discovered and taken, after he had gained the roof of
+the prison. The council deliberated, whether, in consideration of this
+attempt, he was not liable to instant execution. Finally, however, they
+were satisfied to imprison him in Blackness castle, where he remained
+till after the Revolution, when he was set at liberty, and his doom of
+forfeiture reversed by act of parliament.--See FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. pp.
+238, 240, 245, 250, 301, 302.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+  "O Billie, billie, bonny billie,
+    "Will ye go to the wood wi' me?
+  "We'll ca' our horse hame masterless,
+    "An' gar them trow slain men are we."
+
+  "O no, O no!" says Earlstoun,
+    "For that's the thing that mauna be;
+  "For I am sworn to Bothwell Hill,
+    "Where I maun either gae or die."
+
+  So Earlstoun rose in the morning,
+    An' mounted by the break o' day;
+  An' he has joined our Scottish lads,
+    As they were marching out the way.
+
+  "Now, farewell father, and farewell mother,
+    "An' fare ye weel my sisters three;
+  "An' fare ye weel my Earlstoun,
+    "For thee again I'll never see!"
+
+  So they're awa' to Bothwell Hill,
+    An waly[A] they rode bonnily!
+  When the duke o' Monmouth saw them comin',
+    He went to view their company.
+
+  "Ye're welcome, lads," then Monmouth said,
+    "Ye're welcome, brave Scots lads, to me;
+  "And sae are ye, brave Earlstoun,
+    "The foremost o' your company!
+
+  "But yield your weapons ane an' a';
+    "O yield your weapons, lads, to me;
+  "For, gin ye'll yield your weapons up,
+    "Ye'se a' gae hame to your country."
+
+  Out up then spak a Lennox lad,
+    And waly but he spak bonnily!
+  "I winna yield my weapons up,
+    "To you nor nae man that I see."
+
+  Then he set up the flag o' red,
+    A' set about wi' bonny blue;
+  "Since ye'll no cease, and be at peace,
+    "See that ye stand by ither true."
+
+  They stell'd[B] their cannons on the height,
+    And showr'd their shot down in the how;[C]
+  An' beat our Scots lads even down,
+    Thick they lay slain on every know.[D]
+
+  As e'er you saw the rain down fa',
+    Or yet the arrow frae the bow,--
+  Sae our Scottish lads fell even down,
+    An' they lay slain on every know.
+
+  "O, hold your hand," then Monmouth cry'd,
+    "Gie quarters to yon men for me!"
+  But wicked Claver'se swore an oath,
+    His cornet's death reveng'd sud be.
+
+  "O hold your hand," then Monmouth cry'd,
+    "If ony thing you'll do for me;
+  "Hold up your hand, you cursed Graeme,
+    "Else a rebel to our king ye'll be."
+
+  Then wicked Claver'se turn'd about,
+    I wot an angry man was he;
+  And he has lifted up his hat,
+    And cry'd, "God bless his majesty!"
+
+  Then he's awa to London town,
+    Ay e'en as fast as he can dree;
+  Fause witnesses he has wi' him ta'en.
+    An' ta'en Monmouth's head f'rae his body.
+
+  Alang the brae, beyond the brig,
+    Mony brave man lies cauld and still;
+  But lang we'll mind, and sair we'll rue,
+    The bloody battle of Bothwell Hill.
+
+[Footnote A: _Waly!_ an interjection.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Stell'd_--Planted.]
+
+[Footnote C: _How_--Hollow.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Know_--Knoll.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+  _Then he set up the flag of red,
+    A' set about wi' bonnie blue._--P. 91. v. 1.
+
+Blue was the favourite colour of the Covenanters; hence the vulgar
+phrase of a true blue whig. Spalding informs us, that when the first
+army of Covenanters entered Aberdeen, few or none "wanted a blue
+ribband; the lord Gordon, and some others of the marquis (of Huntley's)
+family had a ribband, when they were dwelling in the town, of a red
+fresh colour, which they wore in their hats, and called it the _royal
+ribband_, as a sign of their love and loyalty to the king. In despite
+and derision thereof, this blue ribband was worn, and called the
+_Covenanter's ribband_, by the hail soldiers of the army, who would not
+hear of the royal ribband, such was their pride and malice."--Vol. I. p.
+123. After the departure of this first army, the town was occupied by
+the barons of the royal party, till they were once more expelled by the
+Covenanters, who plundered the burgh and country adjacent; "no fowl,
+cock, or hen, left unkilled, the hail house-dogs, messens (i.e.
+lap-dogs), and whelps, within Aberdeen, killed upon the streets; so that
+neither hound, messen, nor other dog, was left alive that they could
+see: the reason was this,--when the first army came here, ilk captain
+and soldier had a blue ribband about his craig (i.e. neck); in despite
+and derision whereof, when they removed from Aberdeen, some women of
+Aberdeen, as was alleged, knit blue ribbands about their messens'
+craigs, whereat their soldiers took offence, and killed all their dogs
+for this very cause."--P. 160.
+
+I have seen one of the ancient banners of the Covenanters: it
+was divided into four copartments, inscribed with the words,
+_Christ--Covenant--King--Kingdom_. Similar standards are mentioned in
+Spalding's curious and minute narrative, Vol. II. pp. 182, 245.
+
+  _Hold up your hand, ye cursed Graeme,
+    Else a rebel to our king ye'll be._--P, 91. v. 5.
+
+It is very extraordinary, that, in April, 1685, Claverhouse was left out
+of the new commission of privy council, as being too favourable to the
+fanatics. The pretence was his having married into the presbyterian
+family of lord Dundonald. An act of council was also past, regulating
+the payment of quarters, which is stated by Fountainhall to have been
+done in _odium_ of Claverhouse, and in order to excite complaints
+against him. This charge, so inconsistent with the nature and conduct of
+Claverhouse, seems to have been the fruit of a quarrel betwixt him and
+the lord high treasurer. FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 360.
+
+That Claverhouse was most unworthily accused of mitigating the
+persecution of the Covenanters, will appear from the following simple,
+but very affecting narrative, extracted from one of the little
+publications which appeared soon after the Revolution, while the
+facts were fresh in the memory of the sufferers. The imitation of the
+scriptural stile produces, in some passages of these works, an effect
+not unlike what we feel in reading the beautiful book of Ruth. It is
+taken from the life of Mr Alexander Peden,[A] printed about 1720.
+
+"In the beginning of May, 1685, he came to the house of John Brown and
+Marion Weir, whom he married before he went to Ireland, where he stayed
+all night; and, in the morning when he took farewell, he came out of the
+door, saying to himself, "Poor woman, a fearful morning," twice over. "A
+dark misty morning!" The next morning, between five and six hours, the
+said John Brown having performed the worship of God in his family, was
+going, with a spade in his hand, to make ready some peat ground: the
+mist being very dark, he knew not until cruel and bloody Claverhouse
+compassed him with three troops of horse, brought him to his house, and
+there examined him; who, though he was a man of a stammering speech, yet
+answered him distinctly and solidly; which made Claverhouse to examine
+those whom he had taken to be his guides through the muirs, if ever they
+heard him preach? They answered, "No, no, he was never a preacher." He
+said, "If he has never preached, meikle he has prayed in his time;" he
+said to John, "Go to your prayers, for you shall immediately die!" When
+he was praying, Claverhouse interrupted him three times; one time, that
+he stopt him, he was pleading that the Lord would spare a remnant, and
+not make a full end in the day of his anger. Claverhouse said, "I gave
+you time to pray, and ye are begun to preach;" he turned about upon
+his knees, and said, "Sir, you know neither the nature of preaching or
+praying, that calls this preaching." Then continued without confusion.
+When ended, Claverhouse said, "Take goodnight of your wife and
+children." His wife, standing by with her child in her arms that she had
+brought forth to him, and another child of his first wife's, he came
+to her, and said, "Now, Marion, the day is come, that I told you would
+come, when I spake first to you of marrying me." She said, "Indeed,
+John, I can willingly part with you."--"Then," he said, "this is all I
+desire, I have no more to do but die." He kissed his wife and bairns,
+and wished purchased and promised blessings to be multiplied upon them,
+and his blessing. Clavers ordered six soldiers to shoot him; the most
+part of the bullets came upon his head, which scattered his brains upon
+the ground. Claverhouse said to his wife, "What thinkest thou of thy
+husband now, woman?" She said, "I thought ever much of him, and now as
+much as ever." He said, "It were justice to lay thee beside him." She
+said, "If ye were permitted, I doubt not but your cruelty would go that
+length; but how will ye make answer for this morning's work?" He said,
+"To man I can be answerable; and for God, I will take him in my own
+hand." Claverhouse mounted his horse, and marched, and left her with the
+corpse of her dead husband lying there; she set the bairn on the ground,
+and gathered his brains, and tied up his head, and straighted his body,
+and covered him in her plaid, and sat down, and wept over him. It being
+a very desart place, where never victual grew, and far from neighbours,
+it was some time before any friends came to her; the first that came was
+a very fit hand, that old singular Christian woman, in the Cummerhead,
+named Elizabeth Menzies, three miles distant, who had been tried with
+the violent death of her husband at Pentland, afterwards of two worthy
+sons, Thomas Weir, who was killed at Drumclog, and David Steel, who was
+suddenly shot afterwards when taken. The said Marion Weir, sitting upon
+her husband's grave, told me, that before that, she could see no blood
+but she was in danger to faint; and yet she was helped to be a witness
+to all this, without either fainting or confusion, except when the shots
+were let off her eyes dazzled. His corpse were buried at the end of his
+house, where he was slain, with this inscription on his grave-stone:--
+
+  In earth's cold bed, the dusty part here lies,
+  Of one who did the earth as dust despise!
+  Here, in this place, from earth he took departure;
+  Now, he has got the garland of the martyrs.
+
+[Footnote A: The enthusiasm of this personage, and of his followers,
+invested him, as has been already noticed, with prophetic powers; but
+hardly any of the stories told of him exceeds that sort of gloomy
+conjecture of misfortune, which the precarious situation of his sect
+so greatly fostered. The following passage relates to the battle
+of Bothwell-bridge:--"That dismal day, 22d of June, 1679, at
+Bothwell-bridge, when the Lord's people fell and fled before the enemy,
+he was forty miles distant, near the border, and kept himself retired
+until the middle of the day, when some friends said to him, 'Sir, the
+people are waiting for sermon,' He answered, 'Let them go to their
+prayers; for me, I neither can nor will preach any this day, for our
+friends are fallen and fled before the enemy, at Hamilton, and they are
+hacking and hewing them down, and their blood is running like water."
+The feats of Peden are thus commemorated by Fountainhall, 27th of March,
+1650: "News came to the privy council, that about one hundred men, well
+armed and appointed, had left Ireland, because of a search there for
+such malcontents, and landed in the west of Scotland, and joined with
+the wild fanatics. The council, finding that they disappointed the
+forces, by skulking from hole to hole, were of opinion, it were better
+to let them gather into a body, and draw to a head, and so they would
+get them altogether in a snare. They had one Mr Peden, a minister, with
+them, and one Isaac, who commanded them. They had frighted most part
+of all the country ministers, so that they durst not stay at their
+churches, but retired to Edinburgh, or to garrison towns; and it was sad
+to see whole shires destitute of preaching, except in burghs. Wherever
+they came they plundered arms, and particularly at my Lord Dumfries's
+house."--FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 359.]
+
+"This murder was committed betwixt six and seven in the morning: Mr
+Peden was about ten or eleven miles distant, having been in the fields
+all night: he came to the house betwixt seven and eight, and desired to
+call in the family, that he might pray amongst them; when praying, he
+said, "Lord, when wilt thou avenge Brown's blood? Oh, let Brown's blood
+be precious in thy sight! and hasten the day when thou wilt avenge it,
+with Cameron's, Cargil's, and many others of our martyrs' names; and oh!
+for that day, when the Lord would avenge all their bloods!" When ended,
+John Muirhead enquired what he meant by Brown's blood? He said twice
+over, "What do I mean? Claverhouse has been at the Preshil this morning,
+and has cruelly murdered John Brown; his corpse are lying at the end of
+his house, and his poor wife sitting weeping by his corpse, and not a
+soul to speak a word comfortably to her."
+
+While we read this dismal story, we must remember Brown's situation
+was that of an avowed and determined rebel, liable as such to military
+execution; so that the atrocity was more that of the times than of
+Claverhouse. That general's gallant adherence to his master, the
+misguided James VII., and his glorious death on the field of victory, at
+Killicrankie, have tended to preserve and gild his memory. He is still
+remembered in the Highlands as the most successful leader of their
+clans. An ancient gentleman, who had borne arms for the cause of Stuart,
+in 1715, told the editor, that, when the armies met on the field of
+battle, at Sheriff-muir, a veteran chief (I think he named Gordon
+of Glenbucket), covered with scars, came up to the earl of Mar, and
+earnestly pressed him to order the Highlanders to charge, before the
+regular army of Argyle had completely formed their line, and at a moment
+when the rapid and furious onset of the clans might have thrown them
+into total disorder. Mar repeatedly answered, it was not yet time; till
+the chieftain turned from him in disdain and despair, and, stamping with
+rage, exclaimed aloud, "O for one hour of Dundee!"
+
+Claverhouse's sword (a strait cut-and-thrust blade) is in the possession
+of Lord Woodhouselee. In Pennycuik-house is preserved the buff-coat,
+which he wore at the battle of Killicrankie. The fatal shot-hole is
+under the arm-pit, so that the ball must have been received while his
+arm was raised to direct the pursuit However he came by his charm of
+_proof_, he certainly had not worn the garment usually supposed to
+confer that privelage, and which is called _the waistcoat of proof, or
+of necessity_. It was thus made: "On Christmas daie, at night, a thread
+must be sponne of flax, by a little virgine girle, in the name of the
+divell: and it must be by her woven, and also wrought with the needle.
+In the breast, or forepart thereof, must be made with needle work, two
+heads; on the head, at the right side, must be a hat and a long beard;
+the left head must have on a crown, and it must be so horrible that it
+maie resemble Belzebub; and on each side of the wastcote must be made a
+crosse."--SCOTT'S _Discoverie of Witchcraft,_ p. 231.
+
+It would be now no difficult matter to bring down our popular poetry,
+connected with history, to the year 1745. But almost all the party
+ballads of that period have been already printed, and ably illustrated
+by Mr Ritson.
+
+
+END OF HISTORICAL BALLADS.
+
+
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH BORDER.
+
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+_ROMANTIC BALLADS._
+
+
+
+SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE,
+
+BY J. LEYDEN.
+
+TO IANTHE.
+
+
+  Again, sweet syren, breathe again
+  That deep, pathetic, powerful strain;
+    Whose melting tones, of tender woe,
+  Fall soft as evening's summer dew,
+  That bathes the pinks and harebells blue,
+    Which in the vales of Tiviot blow.
+
+  Such was the song that soothed to rest.
+  Far in the green isle of the west,
+    The Celtic warrior's parted shade;
+  Such are the lonely sounds that sweep
+  O'er the blue bosom of the deep,
+    Where ship-wrecked mariners are laid.
+
+  Ah! sure, as Hindú legends tell,
+  When music's tones the bosom swell,
+    The scenes of former life return;
+  Ere, sunk beneath the morning star,
+  We left our parent climes afar,
+    Immured in mortal forms to mourn.
+
+  Or if, as ancient sages ween,
+  Departed spirits, half-unseen,
+    Can mingle with the mortal throng;
+  'Tis when from heart to heart we roll
+  The deep-toned music of the soul,
+    That warbles in our Scottish song.
+
+  I hear, I hear, with awful dread,
+  The plaintive music of the dead;
+    They leave the amber fields of day:
+  Soft as the cadence of the wave,
+  That murmurs round the mermaid's grave,
+    They mingle in the magic lay.
+
+  Sweet syren, breathe the powerful strain!
+  _Lochroyan's Damsel_[A] sails the main;
+    The chrystal tower enchanted see!
+  "Now break," she cries, "ye fairy charms!"
+  As round she sails with fond alarms,
+    "Now break, and set my true love free!"
+
+  Lord Barnard is to greenwood gone,
+  Where fair _Gil Morrice_ sits alone,
+    And careless combs his yellow hair;
+  Ah! mourn the youth, untimely slain!
+  The meanest of Lord Barnard's train
+    The hunter's mangled head must bear.
+
+  Or, change these notes of deep despair,
+  For love's more soothing tender air:
+    Sing, how, beneath the greenwood tree,
+  _Brown Adam's_[B] love maintained her truth,
+  Nor would resign the exiled youth
+    For any knight the fair could see.
+
+  And sing _the Hawk of pinion gray_,[C]
+  To southern climes who winged his way,
+    For he could speak as well as fly;
+  Her brethren how the fair beguiled,
+  And on her Scottish lover smiled,
+    As slow she raised her languid eye.
+
+  Fair was her cheek's carnation glow,
+  Like red blood on a wreath of snow;
+    Like evening's dewy star her eye:
+  White as the sea-mew's downy breast,
+  Borne on the surge's foamy crest,
+    Her graceful bosom heaved the sigh.
+
+  In youth's first morn, alert and gay,
+  Ere rolling years had passed away,
+    Remembered like a morning dream,
+  I heard these dulcet measures float,
+  In many a liquid winding note,
+    Along the banks of Teviot's stream.
+
+  Sweet sounds! that oft have soothed to rest
+  The sorrows of my guileless breast,
+    And charmed away mine infant tears:
+  Fond memory shall your strains repeat,
+  Like distant echoes, doubly sweet,
+    That in the wild the traveller hears.
+
+  And thus, the exiled Scotian maid,
+  By fond alluring love betrayed
+    To visit Syria's date-crowned shore;
+  In plaintive strains, that soothed despair,
+  Did "Bothwell's banks that bloom so fair,"
+    And scenes of early youth, deplore.
+
+  Soft syren! whose enchanting strain
+  Floats wildly round my raptured brain,
+    I bid your pleasing haunts adieu!
+  Yet, fabling fancy oft shall lead
+  My footsteps to the silver Tweed,
+    Through scenes that I no more must view.
+
+[Footnote A: _The Lass of Lochroyan_--In this volume.]
+
+[Footnote B: See the ballad, entitled, _Brown Adam._]
+
+[Footnote C: See the _Gay Goss Hawk._]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE.
+
+  _Far in the green isle of the west._--P. 103. v. 2.
+    The _Flathinnis_, or Celtic paradise.
+
+  _Ah! sure, as Hindú legends tell._--P. 104. v. 1.
+
+The effect of music is explained by the Hindús, as recalling to our
+memory the airs of paradise, heard in a state of pre-existence--_Vide_
+Sacontala.
+
+  _Did "Bathwell's banks that bloom so fair."_--P. 106. v. 3.
+
+"So fell it out of late years, that an English gentleman, travelling in
+Palestine, not far from Jerusalem, as he passed through a country town,
+he heard, by chance, a woman sitting at her door, dandling her child, to
+sing, _Bothwel bank thou blumest fair_. The gentleman hereat wondered,
+and forthwith, in English, saluted the woman, who joyfully answered him;
+and said, she was right glad there to see a gentleman of our isle: and
+told him, that she was a Scottish woman, and came first from Scotland to
+Venice, and from Venice thither, where her fortune was to be the wife of
+an officer under the Turk; who being at that instant absent, and very
+soon to return, she entreated the gentleman to stay there until his
+return. The which he did; and she, for country sake, to shew herself the
+more kind and bountiful unto him, told her husband, at his home-coming,
+that the gentleman was her kinsman; whereupon her husband entertained
+him very kindly; and, at his departure gave him divers things of good
+value."--_Verstigan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence._ Chap. _Of
+the Sirnames of our Antient Families._ Antwerp, 1605.
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION TO THE TALE OF TAMLANE.
+
+
+ON THE FAIRIES OF POPULAR SUPERSTITION.
+
+
+  _"Of airy elves, by moon-light shadows seen,
+  The silver token, and the circled green._--POPE.
+
+In a work, avowedly dedicated to the preservation of the poetry and
+tradition of the "olden time," it would be unpardonable to omit this
+opportunity of making some observations upon so interesting an article
+of the popular creed, as that concerning the Elves, or Fairies. The
+general idea of spirits, of a limited power, and subordinate nature,
+dwelling among the woods and mountains, is, perhaps common to all
+nations. But the intermixture of tribes, of languages, and religion,
+which has occurred in Europe, renders it difficult to trace the origin
+of the names which have been bestowed upon such spirits, and the primary
+ideas which were entertained concerning their manners and habits.
+
+The word _elf_, which seems to have been the original name of the
+beings, afterwards denominated fairies, is of Gothic origin, and
+probably signified, simply, a spirit of a lower order. Thus, the Saxons
+had not only _dun-elfen_, _berg-elfen_, and _munt-elfen_, spirits of
+the downs, hills, and mountains; but also _feld-elfen_, _wudu-elfen_,
+_sae-elfen_, and _water-elfen_; spirits of the fields, of the woods,
+of the sea, and of the waters. In low German, the same latitude of
+expression occurs; for night hags are termed _aluinnen_, and _aluen_,
+which is sometimes Latinized _eluoe_. But the prototype of the English
+elf, is to be sought chiefly in the _berg-elfen_, or _duergar_, of the
+Scandinavians. From the most early of the Icelandic Sagas, as well as
+from the Edda itself, we learn the belief of the northern nations in
+a race of dwarfish spirits, inhabiting the rocky mountains, and
+approaching, in some respects, to the human nature. Their attributes,
+amongst which we recognize the features of the modern Fairy, were,
+supernatural wisdom and prescience, and skill in the mechanical arts,
+especially in the fabrication of arms. They are farther described, as
+capricious, vindictive, and easily irritated. The story of the elfin
+sword, _Tyrfing_, may be the most pleasing illustration of this
+position. Suafurlami, a Scandinavian monarch, returning from hunting,
+bewildered himself among the mountains. About sun-set, he beheld a large
+rock, and two dwarfs, sitting before the mouth of a cavern. The king
+drew his sword, and intercepted their retreat, by springing betwixt
+them and their recess, and imposed upon them the following condition of
+safety:--that they should make for him a faulchion, with a baldric and
+scabbard of pure gold, and a blade, which should divide stones and iron
+as a garment, and which should render the wielder ever victorious in
+battle. The elves complied with the requisition, and Suafurlami pursued
+his way home. Returning at the time appointed, the dwarfs delivered to
+him the famous sword _Tyrfing_; then, standing in the entrance of their
+cavern, spoke thus: "This sword, O king, shall "destroy a man every time
+it is brandished; but it shall "perform three atrocious deeds, and it
+shall be thy bane." The king rushed forward with the charmed sword, and
+buried both its edges in the rock; but the dwarfs escaped into their
+recesses.[A] This enchanted sword emitted rays like the sun, dazzling
+all against whom it was brandished; it divided steel like water, and was
+never unsheathed without slaying a man--_Hervarar Saga,_ p. 9. Similar
+to this was the enchanted sword, _Skoffhung_, which was taken by a
+pirate out of the tomb of a Norwegian monarch. Many such tales are
+narrated in the Sagas; but the most distinct account of the _-duergar_,
+or elves, and their attributes, is to be found in a preface of Torfaeus
+to the history of Hrolf Kraka, who cites a dissertation by Einar
+Gudmund, a learned native of Iceland. "I am firmly of opinion," says the
+Icelander, "that these beings are creatures of God, consisting, like
+human beings, of a body and rational soul; that they are of different
+sexes, and capable of producing children, and subject to all human
+affections, as sleeping and waking, laughing and crying, poverty and
+wealth; and that they possess cattle, and other effects, and are
+obnoxious to death, like other mortals." He proceeds to state, that the
+females of this race are capable of procreating with mankind; and gives
+an account of one who bore a child to an inhabitant of Iceland, for whom
+she claimed the privilege of baptism; depositing the infant, for that
+purpose, at the gate of the church-yard, together with a goblet of gold,
+as an offering.--_Historia Hrolfi Krakae, a_ TORFAEO.
+
+[Footnote A: Perhaps in this, and similar tales, we may recognize
+something of real history. That the Fins, or ancient natives of
+Scandinavia, were driven into the mountains, by the invasion of Odin and
+his Asiatics, is sufficiently probable; and there is reason to believe,
+that the aboriginal inhabitants understood, better than the intruders,
+how to manufacture the produce of their own mines. It is therefore
+possible, that, in process of time, the oppressed Fins may have been
+transformed into the supernatural _duergar_. A similar transformation
+has taken place among the vulgar in Scotland, regarding the Picts, or
+Pechs, to whom they ascribe various supernatural attributes.]
+
+Similar to the traditions of the Icelanders, are those current among the
+Laplanders of Finland, concerning a subterranean people, gifted with'
+supernatural qualities, and inhabiting the recesses of the earth.
+Resembling men in their general appearance, the manner of their
+existence, and their habits of life, they far excel the miserable
+Laplanders in perfection of nature, felicity of situation, and skill in
+mechanical arts. From all these advantages, however, after the partial
+conversion of the Laplanders, the subterranean people have derived no
+farther credit, than to be confounded with the devils and magicians of
+the dark ages of Christianity; a degradation which, as will shortly be
+demonstrated, has been also suffered by the harmless Fairies of Albion,
+and indeed by the whole host of deities of learned Greece and mighty
+Rome. The ancient opinions are yet so firmly rooted, that the Laps of
+Finland, at this day, boast of an intercourse with these beings, in
+banquets, dances, and magical ceremonies, and even in the more intimate
+commerce of gallantry. They talk, with triumph, of the feasts which
+they have shared in the elfin caverns, where wine and tobacco, the
+productions of the Fairy region, went round in abundance, and whence
+the mortal guest, after receiving the kindest treatment and the most
+salutary counsel, has been conducted to his tent by an escort of his
+supernatural entertainers.--_Jessens, de Lapponibus._
+
+The superstitions of the islands of Feroe, concerning their
+_Froddenskemen_, or under-ground people, are derived from the _duergar_
+of Scandinavia. These beings are supposed to inhabit the interior
+recesses of mountains, which they enter by invisible passages. Like the
+Fairies, they are supposed to steal human beings. "It happened," says
+Debes, p. 354, "a good while since, when the burghers of Bergen had
+the commerce of Feroe, that there was a man in Servaade, called Jonas
+Soideman, who was kept by spirits in a mountain, during the space of
+seven years, and at length came out; but lived afterwards in great
+distress and fear, lest they should again take him away; wherefore
+people were obliged to watch him in the night." The same author mentions
+another young man, who had been carried away, and, after his return, was
+removed a second time upon the eve of his marriage. He returned in a
+short time, and narrated, that the spirit that had carried him away, was
+in the shape of a most beautiful woman, who pressed him to forsake his
+bride, and remain with her; urging her own superior beauty, and splendid
+appearance. He added, that he saw the men who were employed to search
+for him, and heard them call; but that they could not see him, nor could
+he answer them, till, upon his determined refusal to listen to the
+spirit's persuasions, the spell ceased to operate. The kidney-shaped
+West Indian bean, which is sometimes driven upon the shore of the
+Feroes, is termed, by the natives "the _Fairie's kidney_."
+
+In these traditions of the Gothic and Finnish tribes, we may recognize,
+with certainty, the rudiments of elfin superstition; but we must look to
+various other causes for the modifications which it has undergone. These
+are to be sought, 1st, in the traditions of the east; 2d, in the wreck
+and confusion of the Gothic mythology; 3d, in the tales of chivalry;
+4th, in the fables of classical antiquity; 5th, in the influence of the
+Christian religion; 6th, and finally, in the creative imagination of
+the sixteenth century. It may be proper to notice the effect of these
+various causes, before stating the popular belief of our own time,
+regarding the Fairies.
+
+I. To the traditions of the east, the Fairies of Britain owe, I think,
+little more than the appellation, by which they have been distinguished
+since the days of the crusade. The term "Fairy," occurs not only
+in Chaucer, and in yet older English authors, but also, and more
+frequently, in the romance language; from which they seem to have
+adopted it. Ducange cites the following passage from Gul. Guiart, in
+_Historia Francica_, MS.
+
+  Plusiers parlent de Guenart,
+  Du Lou, de L'Asne, de Renart,
+  De _Faëries_ et de Songes,
+  De phantosmes et de mensonges.
+
+The _Lay le Frain_, enumerating the subjects of the Breton Lays, informs
+us expressly,
+
+  Many ther beth _faëry_.
+
+By some etymologists of that learned class, who not only know whence
+words come, but also whither they are going, the term _Fairy_, or
+_Faërie_, is derived from _Faë_, which is again derived from _Nympha_.
+It is more probable the term is of oriental origin, and is derived from
+the Persic, through the medium of the Arabic. In Persic, the term _Peri_
+expresses a species of imaginary being, which resembles the Fairy in
+some of its qualities, and is one of the fairest creatures of romantic
+fancy. This superstition must have been known to the Arabs, among whom
+the Persian tales, or romances, even as early as the time of Mahomet,
+were so popular, that it required the most terrible denunciations of
+that legislator to proscribe them. Now, in the enunciation of the Arabs,
+the term _Peri_ would sound _Fairy_, the letter _p_ not occurring in
+the alphabet of that nation; and, as the chief intercourse of the early
+crusaders was with the Arabs, or Saracens, it is probable they would
+adopt the term according to their pronounciation. Neither will it be
+considered as an objection to this opinion, that in Hesychius, the
+Ionian term _Phereas_, or _Pheres_, denotes the satyrs of classical
+antiquity, if the number of words of oriental origin in that
+lexicographer be recollected. Of the Persian Peris, Ouseley, in his
+_Persian Miscellanies_, has described some characteristic traits, with
+all the luxuriance of a fancy, impregnated with the oriental association
+of ideas. However vaguely their nature and appearance is described, they
+are uniformly represented as gentle, amiable females, to whose character
+beneficence and beauty are essential. None of them are mischievous or
+malignant; none of them are deformed or diminutive, like the Gothic
+fairy. Though they correspond in beauty with our ideas of angels, their
+employments are dissimilar; and, as they have no place in heaven, their
+abode is different. Neither do they resemble those intelligences, whom,
+on account of their wisdom, the Platonists denominated Daemons; nor
+do they correspond either to the guardian Genii of the Romans, or the
+celestial virgins of paradise, whom the Arabs denominate Houri. But the
+Peris hover in the balmy clouds, live in the colours of the rainbow,
+and, as the exquisite purity of their nature rejects all nourishment
+grosser than the odours of flowers, they subsist by inhaling the
+fragrance of the jessamine and rose. Though their existence is not
+commensurate with the bounds of human life, they are not exempted from
+the common fate of mortals.--With the Peris, in Persian mythology, are
+contrasted the Dives, a race of beings, who differ from them in sex,
+appearance, and disposition. These are represented as of the male sex,
+cruel, wicked, and of the most hideous aspect; or, as they are described
+by Mr Finch, "with ugly shapes, long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair,
+great fangs, ugly paws, long tails, with such horrible difformity and
+deformity, that I wonder the poor women are not frightened therewith."
+Though they live very long, their lives are limited, and they are
+obnoxious to the blows of a human foe. From the malignancy of their
+nature, they not only wage war with mankind, but persecute the Peris
+with unremitting ferocity. Such are the brilliant and fanciful colours
+in which the imaginations of the Persian poets have depicted the
+charming race of the Peris; and, if we consider the romantic gallantry
+of the knights of chivalry, and of the crusaders, it will not appear
+improbable, that their charms might occasionally fascinate the fervid
+imagination of an amorous troubadour. But, further; the intercourse of
+France and Italy with the Moors of Spain, and the prevalence of the
+Arabic, as the language of science in the dark ages, facilitated the
+introduction of their mythology amongst the nations of the west. Hence,
+the romances of France, of Spain, and of Italy, unite in describing the
+Fairy as an inferior spirit, in a beautiful female form, possessing many
+of the amiable qualities of the eastern Peri. Nay, it seems sufficiently
+clear, that the romancers borrowed from the Arabs, not merely the
+general idea concerning those spirits, but even the names of individuals
+amongst them. The Peri, _Mergian Banou_ (see _Herbelot, ap. Peri_),
+celebrated in the ancient Persian poetry, figures in the European
+romances, under the various names of _Mourgue La Faye_, sister to _King
+Arthur; Urgande La Deconnue_, protectress of _Amadis de Gaul_; and the
+_Fata Morgana_ of Boiardo and Ariosto. The description of these nymphs,
+by the troubadours and minstrels, is in no respect inferior to those of
+the Peris. In the tale of _Sir Launfal_, in Way's _Fabliaux_, as well as
+in that of _Sir Gruelan_, in the same interesting collection, the reader
+will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the
+splendour of eastern description. The fairy _Melusina_, also, who
+married Guy de Lusignan, count of Poictou, under condition that he
+should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter
+class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a
+magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted,
+until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by
+concealing himself, to behold his wife make use of her enchanted
+bath. Hardly had _Melusina_ discovered the indiscreet intruder, than,
+transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of
+lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even
+in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her
+descendants, and was heard wailing, as she sailed upon the blast
+round the turrets of the castle of Lusiguan, the night before it was
+demolished. For the full story, the reader may consult the _Bibliotheque
+des Romans_.[A]--Gervase of Tilbury (pp. 895, and 989), assures us,
+that, in his days, the lovers of the Fadae, or Fairies, were numerous;
+and describes the rules of their intercourse with as much accuracy, as
+if he had himself been engaged in such an affair. Sir David Lindsay also
+informs us, that a leopard is the proper armorial bearing of those
+who spring from such intercourse, because that beast is generated by
+adultery of the pard and lioness. He adds, that Merlin, the prophet, was
+the first who adopted this cognizance, because he was "borne of faarie
+in adultre, and right sua the first duk of Guyenne, was borne of a
+_fee_; and, therefoir, the armes of Guyenne are a leopard."--_MS. on
+Heraldry, Advocates' Library,_ w. 4. 13. While, however, the Fairy of
+warmer climes was thus held up as an object of desire and of affection,
+those of Britain, and more especially those of Scotland, were far
+from being so fortunate; but, retaining the unamiable qualities, and
+diminutive size of the Gothic elves, they only exchanged that term for
+the more popular appellation of Fairies.
+
+[Footnote A: Upon this, or some similar tradition, was founded the
+notion, which the inveteracy of national prejudice, so easily diffused
+in Scotland, that the ancestor of the English monarchs, Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, had actually married a daemon. Bowmaker, in order to
+explain the cruelty and ambition of Edward I., dedicates a chapter to
+shew "how the kings of England are descended from the devil, by the
+mother's side."--_Fordun, Chron._ lib. 9, cap. 6. The lord of a certain
+castle, called Espervel, was unfortunate enough to have a wife of the
+same class. Having observed, for several years, that she always left the
+chapel before the mass was concluded, the baron, in a fit of obstinacy
+or curiosity, ordered his guard to detain her by force; of which the
+consequence was, that, unable to support the elevation of the host, she
+retreated through the air, carrying with her one side of the chapel, and
+several of the congregation.]
+
+II. Indeed, so singularly unlucky were the British Fairies that, as has
+already been hinted, amid the wreck of the Gothic mythology, consequent
+upon the introduction of Christianity, they seem to have preserved, with
+difficulty, their own distinct characteristics, while, at the same time,
+they engrossed the mischievous attributes of several other classes of
+subordinate spirits, acknowledged by the nations of the north. The
+abstraction of children, for example, the well known practice of the
+modern Fairy, seems, by the ancient Gothic nations, to have rather been
+ascribed to a species of night-mare, or hag, than to the _berg-elfen_,
+or _duergar_. In the ancient legend of _St Margaret_, of which there is
+a Saxo-Norman copy, in _Hickes' Thesaurus Linguar. Septen._ and one,
+more modern, in the Auchinleck MSS., that lady encounters a fiend, whose
+profession it was, among other malicious tricks, to injure new-born
+children and their mothers; a practice afterwards imputed to the
+Fairies. Gervase of Tilbury, in the _Otia Imperialia_, mentions certain
+hags, or _Lamiae_, who entered into houses in the night-time, to oppress
+the inhabitants, while asleep, injure their persons and property, and
+carry off their children. He likewise mentions the _Dracae_, a sort of
+water spirits, who inveigle women and children into the recesses which
+they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating past them, on the
+surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings, or cups. The women,
+thus seized, are employed as nurses, and, after seven years, are
+permitted to revisit earth. Gervase mentions one woman, in particular,
+who had been allured by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float by her,
+while washing clothes in a river. Being seized as soon as she reached
+the depths, she was conducted into one of these subterranean recesses,
+which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse to one of
+the brood of the hag who had allured her. During her residence in this
+capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an ointment
+of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world, that she
+had acquired the faculty of seeing the _dracae_, when they intermingle
+themselves with men. Of this power she was, however, deprived by the
+touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she had one day incautiously
+addressed. It is a curious fact, that this story, in almost all its
+parts, is current in both the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland, with
+no other variation than the substitution of Fairies for _dracae_, and
+the cavern of a hill for that of a river.[A] These water fiends are thus
+characterized by Heywood, in the _Hierarchie_--
+
+  "Spirits, that have o'er water gouvernement,
+  Are to mankind alike malevolent;
+  They trouble seas, flouds, rivers, brookes, and wels,
+  Meres, lakes, and love to enhabit watry cells;
+  Hence noisome and pestiferous vapours raise;
+  Besides, they men encounter divers ways.
+  At wreckes some present are; another sort,
+  Ready to cramp their joints that swim for sport:
+  One kind of these, the Italians _fatae_ name,
+  _Fee_ the French, we _sybils_, and the same;
+  Others _white nymphs_, and those that have them seen,
+  _Night ladies_ some, of which Habundia queen.
+     _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 507.
+
+[Footnote A: Indeed, many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous
+to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without _saining_
+(blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well
+attested. A poor woman of Tiviotdale, having been fortunate enough, as
+she thought herself, to find a wooden beetle, at the very time when
+she needed such an implement, seized it without pronouncing the proper
+blessing, and, carrying it home, laid it above her bed, to be ready
+for employment in the morning. At midnight, the window of her cottage
+opened, and a loud voice was heard, calling upon some one within, by a
+strange and uncouth name, which I have forgotten. The terrified cottager
+ejaculated a prayer, which, we may suppose, insured her personal
+safety; while the enchanted implement of housewifery, tumbling from the
+bed-stead, departed by the window with no small noise and precipitation.
+In a humorous fugitive tract, the late Dr Johnson is introduced as
+disputing the authenticity of an apparition, merely because the spirit
+assumed the shape of a tea-pot, and of a shoulder of mutton. No doubt,
+a case so much in point, as that we have now quoted, would have removed
+his incredulity.]
+
+The following Frisian superstition, related by Schott, in his _Physica
+Curiosa_, p. 362, on the authority of Cornelius a Kempen, coincides more
+accurately with the popular opinions concerning the Fairies, than even
+the _dracae_ of Gervase, or the water-spirits of Thomas Heywood.--"In
+the time of the emperor Lotharius, in 830," says he, "many spectres
+infested Frieseland, particularly the white nymphs of the ancients,
+which the moderns denominate _witte wiven_, who inhabited a
+subterraneous cavern, formed in a wonderful manner, without human art,
+on the top of a lofty mountain. These were accustomed to surprise
+benighted travellers, shepherds watching their herds and flocks, and
+women newly delivered, with their children; and convey them into their
+caverns, from which subterranean murmurs, the cries of children, the
+groans and lamentations of men, and sometimes imperfect words, and all
+kinds of musical sounds, were heard to proceed." The same superstition
+is detailed by Bekker, in his _World Bewitch'd_, p. 196, of the English
+translation. As the different classes of spirits were gradually
+confounded, the abstraction of children seems to have been chiefly
+ascribed to the elves, or Fairies; yet not so entirely, as to exclude
+hags and witches from the occasional exertion of their ancient
+privilege.--In Germany, the same confusion of classes has not taken
+place. In the beautiful ballads of the _Erl King_, the _Water King_, and
+the _Mer-Maid_, we still recognize the ancient traditions of the Goths,
+concerning the _wald-elven_, and the _dracae_.
+
+A similar superstition, concerning abstraction by daemons, seems, in
+the time of Gervase of Tilbury, to have pervaded the greatest part of
+Europe. "In Catalonia," says that author, "there is a lofty mountain,
+named Cavagum, at the foot of which runs a river with golden sands, in
+the vicinity of which there are likewise mines of silver. This mountain
+is steep, and almost inaccessible. On its top, which is always covered
+with ice and snow, is a black and bottomless lake, into which if a
+stone be thrown, a tempest suddenly rises; and near this lake, though
+invisible to men, is the porch of the palace of daemons. In a town
+adjacent to this mountain, named Junchera, lived one Peter de Cabinam.
+Being one day teazed with the fretfulness of his young daughter, he, in
+his impatience, suddenly wished that the devil might take her; when she
+was immediately borne away by the spirits. About seven years afterwards,
+an inhabitant of the same city, passing by the mountain, met a man, who
+complained bitterly of the burthen he was constantly forced to bear.
+Upon enquiring the cause of his complaining, as he did not seem to carry
+any load, the man related, that he had been unwarily devoted to the
+spirits by an execration, and that they now employed him constantly as
+a vehicle of burthen. As a proof of his assertion, he added, that the
+daughter of his fellow-citizen was detained by the spirits, but that
+they were willing to restore her, if her father would come and demand
+her on the mountain. Peter de Cabinam, on being informed of this,
+ascended the mountain to the lake, and, in the name of God, demanded his
+daughter; when, a tall, thin, withered figure, with wandering eyes, and
+almost bereft of understanding, was wafted to him in a blast of wind.
+After some time, the person, who had been employed as the vehicle of the
+spirits, also returned, when he related where the palace of the spirits
+was situated; but added, that none were permitted to enter but those who
+devoted themselves entirely to the spirits; those, who had been rashly
+committed to the devil by others, being only permitted, during their
+probation, to enter the porch." It may be proper to observe, that the
+superstitious idea, concerning the lake on the top of the mountain, is
+common to almost every high hill in Scotland. Wells, or pits, on the
+top of high hills, were likewise supposed to lead to the subterranean
+habitations of the Fairies. Thus, Gervase relates, (p. 975), "that he
+was informed the swine-herd of William Peverell, an English baron,
+having lost a brood-sow, descended through a deep abyss, in the middle
+of an ancient ruinous castle, situated on the top of a hill, called
+Bech, in search of it. Though a violent wind commonly issued from
+this pit, he found it calm; and pursued his way, till he arrived at a
+subterraneous region, pleasant and cultivated, with reapers cutting down
+corn, though the snow remained on the surface of the ground above. Among
+the ears of corn he discovered his sow, and was permitted to ascend with
+her, and the pigs which she had farrowed." Though the author seems to
+think that the inhabitants of this cave might be Antipodes, yet, as
+many such stories are related of the Fairies, it is probable that this
+narration is of the same kind. Of a similar nature seems to be another
+superstition, mentioned by the same author, concerning the ringing of
+invisible bells, at the hour of one, in a field in the vicinity of
+Carleol, which, as he relates, was denominated _Laikibraine_, or _Lai ki
+brait_. From all these tales, we may perhaps be justified in supposing,
+that the faculties and habits ascribed to the Fairies, by the
+superstition of latter days, comprehended several, originally attributed
+to other classes of inferior spirits.
+
+III. The notions, arising from the spirit of chivalry, combined to add
+to the Fairies certain qualities, less atrocious, indeed, but equally
+formidable, with those which they derived from the last mentioned
+source, and alike inconsistent with the powers of the _duergar_, whom
+we may term their primitive prototype. From an early period, the daring
+temper of the northern tribes urged them to defy even the supernatural
+powers. In the days of Caesar, the Suevi were described, by their
+countrymen, as a people, with whom the immortal gods dared not venture
+to contend. At a later period, the historians of Scandinavia paint their
+heroes and champions, not as bending at the altar of their deities, but
+wandering into remote forests and caverns, descending into the recesses
+of the tomb, and extorting boons, alike from gods and daemons, by dint
+of the sword, and battle-axe. I will not detain the reader by quoting
+instances, in which heaven is thus described as having been literally
+attempted by storm. He may consult Saxo, Olaus Wormius, Olaus Magnus,
+Torfaeus, Bartholin, and other northern antiquaries. With such ideas of
+superior beings, the Normans, Saxons, and other Gothic tribes, brought
+their ardent courage to ferment yet more highly in the genial climes of
+the south, and under the blaze of romantic chivalry. Hence, during the
+dark ages, the invisible world was modelled after the material; and the
+saints, to the protection of whom the knights-errant were accustomed to
+recommend themselves, were accoutered like _preux chevaliers_, by the
+ardent imaginations of their votaries. With such ideas concerning the
+inhabitants of the celestial regions, we ought not to be surprised to
+find the inferior spirits, of a more dubious nature and origin, equipped
+in the same disguise. Gervase of Tilbury (_Otia Imperial, ap. Script,
+rer. Brunsvic,_ Vol. I. p. 797.) relates the following popular story
+concerning a Fairy Knight. "Osbert, a bold and powerful baron, visited
+a noble family in the vicinity of Wandlebury, in the bishopric of Ely.
+Among other stories related in the social circle of his friends, who,
+according to custom, amused each other by repeating ancient tales and
+traditions, he was informed, that if any knight, unattended, entered an
+adjacent plain by moon-light, and challenged an adversary to appear, he
+would be immediately encountered by a spirit in the form of a knight.
+Osbert resolved to make the experiment, and set out, attended by a
+single squire, whom he ordered to remain without the limits of the
+plain, which was surrounded by an ancient entrenchment. On repeating the
+challenge, he was instantly assailed by an adversary, whom he quickly
+unhorsed, and seized the reins of his steed. During this operation, his
+ghostly opponent sprung up, and, darting his spear, like a javelin, at
+Osbert, wounded him in the thigh. Osbert returned in triumph with the
+horse, which he committed to the care of his servants. The horse was of
+a sable colour, as well as his whole accoutrements, and apparently of
+great beauty and vigour. He remained with his keeper till cock-crowing,
+when, with eyes flashing fire, he reared, spurned the ground, and
+vanished. On disarming himself, Osbert perceived that he was wounded,
+and that one of his steel boots was full of blood. Gervase adds,
+that, as long as he lived, the scar of his wound opened afresh on the
+anniversary of the eve on which he encountered the spirit."[A] Less
+fortunate was the gallant Bohemian knight, who, travelling by night,
+with a single companion, came in sight of a fairy host, arrayed under
+displayed banners. Despising the remonstrances of his friend, the knight
+pricked forward to break a lance with a champion who advanced from
+the ranks, apparently in defiance. His companion beheld the Bohemian
+over-thrown horse and man, by his aërial adversary; and, returning to
+the spot next morning, he found the mangled, corpse of the knight and
+steed.--_Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,_ p. 554.
+
+[Footnote A: The unfortunate Chatterton was not, probably, acquainted
+with Gervase of Tilbury; yet he seems to allude, in the _Battle of
+Hastings_, to some modification of Sir Osbert's adventure:
+
+  So who they be that ouphant fairies strike,
+  Their souls shall wander to King Offa's dike.
+
+The entrenchment, which served as lists for the combatants, is said by
+Gervase to have been the work of the pagan invaders of Britain. In the
+metrical romance of _Arthour and Merlin_, we have also an account of
+Wandlesbury being occupied by the Sarasins, i.e. the Saxons; for all
+pagans were Saracens with the romancers. I presume the place to have
+been Wodnesbury, in Wiltshire, situated on the remarkable mound,
+called Wansdike, which is obviously a Saxon work.--GOUGH'S _Cambden's
+Britannia,_ pp. 87--95.]
+
+To the same current of warlike ideas, we may safely attribute the
+long train of military processions which the Fairies are supposed
+occasionally to exhibit. The elves, indeed, seem in this point to be
+identified with the aërial host, termed, during the middle ages, the
+_Milites Herlikini_, or _Herleurini_, celebrated by Pet. Blesensis,
+and termed, in the life of St Thomas of Canterbury, the _Familia
+Helliquinii_. The chief of this band was originally a gallant knight and
+warrior; but, having spent his whole possessions in the service of the
+emperor, and being rewarded with scorn, and abandoned to subordinate
+oppression, he became desperate, and, with his sons and followers,
+formed a band of robbers. After committing many ravages, and defeating
+all the forces sent against him, Hellequin, with his whole troop, fell
+in a bloody engagement with the Imperial host. His former good life was
+supposed to save him from utter reprobation; but he and his followers
+were condemned, after death, to a state of wandering, which should
+endure till the last day. Retaining their military habits, they were
+usually seen in the act of justing together, or in similar warlike
+employments. See the ancient French romance of _Richard sans Peur_.
+Similar to this was the _Nacht Lager_, or midnight camp, which seemed
+nightly to beleaguer the walls of Prague,
+
+  "With ghastly faces thronged, and fiery arms,"
+
+but which disappeared upon recitation of the magical words, _Vezelé,
+Vezelé, ho! ho! ho!_--For similar delusions, see DELRIUS, pp. 294, 295.
+
+The martial spirit of our ancestors led them to defy these aërial
+warriors; and it is still currently believed, that he, who has courage
+to rush upon a fairy festival, and snatch from them their drinking cup,
+or horn, shall find it prove to him a cornucopia of good fortune, if he
+can bear it in safety across a running stream. Such a horn is said to
+have been presented to Henry I. by a lord of Colchester.--GERVAS TILB.
+p. 980. A goblet is still carefully preserved in Edenhall, Cumberland,
+which is supposed to have been seized at a banquet of the elves, by one
+of the ancient family of Musgrave; or, as others say, by one of their
+domestics, in the manner above described. The Fairy train vanished,
+crying aloud,
+
+  If this glass do break or fall,
+  Farewell the luck of Edenhall!
+
+The goblet took a name from the prophecy, under which it is mentioned,
+in the burlesque ballad, commonly attributed to the duke of Wharton, but
+in reality composed by Lloyd, one of his jovial companions. The duke,
+after taking a draught, had nearly terminated the "luck of Edenhall,"
+had not the butler caught the cup in a napkin, as it dropped from his
+grace's hands. I understand it is not now subjected to such risques, but
+the lees of wine are still apparent at the bottom.
+
+  God prosper long, from being broke,
+   The luck of Edenhall.--_Parody on Chevy Chace._
+
+Some faint traces yet remain, on the borders, of a conflict of a
+mysterious and terrible nature, between mortals and the spirits of the
+wilds. This superstition is incidentally alluded to by Jackson, at the
+beginning of the 17th century. The fern seed, which is supposed to
+become visible only on St John's Eve,[A] and at the very moment when
+the Baptist was born, is held by the vulgar to be under the special
+protection of the queen of Faëry. But, as the seed was supposed to have
+the quality of rendering the possessor invisible at pleasure,[B] and to
+be also of sovereign use in charms and incantations, persons of courage,
+addicted to these mysterious arts, were wont to watch in solitude, to
+gather it at the moment when it should become visible. The particular
+charms, by which they fenced themselves during this vigil, are now
+unknown; but it was reckoned a feat of no small danger, as the person
+undertaking it was exposed to the most dreadful assaults from spirits,
+who dreaded the effect of this powerful herb in the hands of a cabalist.
+Such were the shades, which the original superstition, concerning the.
+Fairies, received from the chivalrous sentiments of the middle ages.
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  Ne'er be I found by thee unawed,
+  On that thrice hallowed eve abroad,
+  When goblins haunt, from fire and fen.
+  And wood and lake, the steps of men.
+      COLLINS'S _Ode to Fear._
+
+The whole history of St John the Baptist was, by our ancestors,
+accounted mysterious, and connected with their own superstitions.
+The fairy queen was sometimes identified with Herodias.--DELRII
+_Disquisitiones Magicae,_ pp. 168. 807. It is amusing to observe with
+what gravity the learned Jesuit contends, that it is heresy to believe
+that this celebrated figurante (_saltatricula_) still leads choral
+dances upon earth!]
+
+[Footnote B: This is alluded to by Shakespeare, and other authors of his
+time:
+
+  "We have the receipt of _fern-seed_; we walk invisible."
+      _Henry IV. Part 1st, Act 2d, Sc. 3_.]
+
+IV. An absurd belief in the fables of classical antiquity lent an
+additional feature to the character of the woodland spirits of whom we
+treat. Greece and Rome had not only assigned tutelary deities to each
+province and city, but had peopled, with peculiar spirits, the Seas, the
+Rivers, the Woods, and the Mountains. The memory of the pagan creed was
+not speedily eradicated, in the extensive provinces through which it was
+once universally received; and, in many particulars, it continued long
+to mingle with, and influence, the original superstitions of the Gothic
+nations. Hence, we find the elves occasionally arrayed in the costume of
+Greece and Rome, and the Fairy Queen and her attendants transformed into
+Diana and her nymphs, and invested with their attributes and appropriate
+insignia.--DELRIUS, pp. 168, 807. According to the same author, the
+Fairy Queen was also called _Habundia_. Like Diana, who, in one
+capacity, was denominated _Hecate_, the goddess of enchantment, the
+Fairy Queen is identified in popular tradition, with the _Gyre-Carline,
+Gay Carline_, or mother witch, of the Scottish peasantry. Of this
+personage, as an individual, we have but few notices. She is sometimes
+termed _Nicneven_, and is mentioned in the _Complaynt of Scotland_, by
+Lindsay in his _Dreme_, p. 225, edit. 1590, and in his _Interludes_,
+apud PINKERTON'S _Scottish Poems_, Vol. II. p. 18. But the traditionary
+accounts regarding her are too obscure to admit of explanation. In the
+burlesque fragment subjoined, which is copied from the Bannatyne MS. the
+Gyre Carline is termed the _Queen of Jowis_ (Jovis, or perhaps Jews),
+and is, with great consistency, married to Mohammed.[A]
+
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  In Tyberius tyme, the trew imperatour,
+  Quhen Tynto hills fra skraipiug of toun-henis was keipit,
+  Thair dwelt are grit Gyre Carling in awld Betokis bour,
+  That levit upoun Christiane menis flesche, and rewheids unleipit;
+  Thair wynit ane hir by, on the west syde, callit Blasour,
+  For luve of hir lanchane lippis, he walit and he weipit;
+  He gadderit are menzie of modwartis to warp doun the tour:
+  The Carling with are yren club, quhen yat Blasour sleipit,
+     Behind the heil scho hat him sic ane blaw,
+     Quhil Blasour bled ane quart
+     Off milk pottage inwart,
+     The Carling luche, and lut fart
+       North Berwik Law.
+
+  The king of fary than come, with elfis many ane,
+  And sett are sege, and are salt, with grit pensallis of pryd;
+  And all the doggis fra Dunbar wes thair to Dumblane,
+  With all the tykis of Tervey, come to thame that tyd;
+  Thay quelle doune with thair gonnes mony grit stane,
+  The Carling schup hir on ane sow, and is her gaitis gane,
+  Grunting our the Greik sie, and durst na langer byd,
+  For bruklyng of bargane, and breikhig of browis:
+     The Carling now for dispyte
+     Is maieit with Mahomyte,
+     And will the doggis interdyte,
+       For scho is queue of Jowis.
+
+  Sensyne the cockis of Crawmound crew nevir at day,
+  For dule of that devillisch deme wes with Mahoun mareit,
+  And the henis of Hadingtoun sensyne wald not lay,
+  For this wild wibroun wich thame widlit sa and wareit;
+  And the same North Berwik Law, as I heir wyvis say,
+  This Carling, with a fals east, wald away careit;
+  For to luck on quha sa lykis, na langer scho tareit:
+  All this languor for love before tymes fell,
+     Lang or Betok was born,
+     Scho bred of ane accorne;
+     The laif of the story to morne,
+       To you I sall telle.]
+
+But chiefly in Italy were traced many dim characters of ancient
+mythology, in the creed of tradition. Thus, so lately as 1536, Vulcan,
+with twenty of his Cyclops, is stated to have presented himself suddenly
+to a Spanish merchant, travelling in the night, through the forests of
+Sicily; an apparition, which was followed by a dreadful eruption of
+Mount Aetna.--_Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 504 Of this
+singular mixture, the reader will find a curious specimen in the
+following tale, wherein the Venus of antiquity assumes the manners of
+one of the Fays, or Fatae, of romance. "In the year 1058, a young man
+of noble birth had been married at Rome, and, during the period of his
+nuptial feast, having gone with his companions to play at ball, he put
+his marriage ring on the finger of a broken statue of Venus in the area,
+to remain, while he was engaged in the recreation. Desisting from the
+exercise, he found the finger, on which he had put his ring, contracted
+firmly against the palm, and attempted in vain either to break it, or to
+disengage his ring. He concealed the circumstance from his companions,
+and returned at night with a servant, when he found the finger extended,
+and his ring gone. He dissembled the loss, and returned to his wife;
+but, whenever he attempted to embrace her, he found himself prevented
+by something dark and dense, which was tangible, though not visible,
+interposing between them; and he heard a voice saying, 'Embrace me! for
+I am Venus, whom this day you wedded, and I will not restore your ring.'
+As this was constantly repeated, he consulted his relations, who had
+recourse to Palumbus, a priest, skilled in necromancy. He directed the
+young man to go, at a certain hour of night, to a spot among the ruins
+of ancient Rome, where four roads met, and wait silently till he saw a
+company pass by, and then, without uttering a word, to deliver a letter,
+which he gave him, to a majestic being, who rode in a chariot, after the
+rest of the company. The young man did as he was directed; and saw a
+company of all ages, sexes, and ranks, on horse and on foot, some joyful
+and others sad, pass along; among whom he distinguished a woman in a
+meretricious dress, who, from the tenuity of her garments, seemed
+almost naked. She rode on a mule; her long hair, which flowed over her
+shoulders, was bound with a golden fillet; and in her hand was a golden
+rod, with which she directed her mule. In the close of the procession,
+a tall majestic figure appeared in a chariot, adorned with emeralds
+and pearls, who fiercely asked the young man, 'What he did there?' He
+presented the letter in silence, which the daemon dared not refuse.
+As soon as he had read, lifting up his hands to heaven, he exclaimed,
+'Almighty God! how long wilt thou endure the iniquities of the sorcerer
+Palumbus!' and immediately dispatched some of his attendants, who, with
+much difficulty, extorted the ring from Venus, and restored it to
+its owner, whose infernal banns were thus dissolved."--FORDUNI
+_Scotichronicon,_ Vol. I. p. 407, _cura_ GOODALL.
+
+But it is rather in the classical character of an infernal deity, that
+the elfin queen may be considered, than as _Hecate_, the patroness of
+magic; for not only in the romance writers, but even in Chaucer, are the
+Fairies identified with the ancient inhabitants of the classical hell.
+Thus Chaucer, in his _Marchand's Tale_, mentions
+
+  Pluto that is king of fayrie--and
+  Proserpine and all her fayrie.
+
+In the _Golden Terge_ of Dunbar, the same phraseology is adopted: Thus,
+
+  Thair was Pluto that elricke incubus
+  In cloke of grene, his court usit in sable.
+
+Even so late as 1602, in Harsenet's _Declaration of Popish Imposture,_
+p. 57, Mercury is called _Prince of the Fairies._
+
+But Chaucer, and those poets who have adopted his phraseology, have only
+followed the romance writers; for the same substitution occurs in the
+romance of _Orfeo and Heurodis_, in which the story of Orpheus and
+Eurydice is transformed into a beautiful romantic tale of faëry, and
+the Gothic mythology engrafted on the fables of Greece. _Heurodis_ is
+represented as wife of _Orfeo_, and queen of Winchester, the ancient
+name of which city the romancer, with unparalleled ingenuity, discovers
+to have been Traciens, or Thrace. The monarch, her husband, had a
+singular genealogy:
+
+  His fader was comen of King Pluto,
+  And his moder of King Juno;
+  That sum time were as godes y-holde,
+  For aventours that thai dede and tolde.
+
+Reposing, unwarily, at noon, under the shade of an ymp tree,[A]
+_Heurodis_ dreams that she is accosted by the King of Fairies,
+
+  With an hundred knights and mo,
+  And damisels an hundred also,
+  Al on snowe white stedes;
+  As white as milke were her wedes;
+  Y no seigh never yete bifore,
+  So fair creatours y-core:
+  The kinge hadde a croun on hed,
+  It nas of silver, no of golde red,
+  Ac it was of a precious ston:
+  As bright as the sonne it schon.
+
+[Footnote A: _Ymp tree_--According to the general acceptation, this only
+signifies a grafted tree; whether it should he here understood to mean a
+tree consecrated to the imps, or fairies, is left with the reader.]
+
+The King of Fairies, who had obtained power over the queen, perhaps from
+her sleeping at noon in his domain, orders her, under the penalty of
+being torn to pieces, to await him to-morrow under the ymp tree, and
+accompany him to Fairy-Land. She relates her dream to her husband, who
+resolves to accompany her, and attempt her rescue:
+
+  A morwe the under tide is come,
+  And Orfeo hath his armes y-nome,
+  And wele ten hundred knights with him,
+  Ich y-armed stout and grim;
+  And with the quen wenten he,
+  Right upon that ympe tre.
+  Thai made scheltrom in iche aside,
+  And sayd thai wold there abide,
+  And dye ther everichon,
+  Er the qeun schuld fram hem gon:
+  Ac yete amiddes hem ful right,
+  The quen was oway y-twight,
+  With Fairi forth y-nome,
+  Men wizt never wher sche was become.
+
+After this fatal catastrophe, _Orfeo_, distracted for the loss of
+his queen, abandons his throne, and, with his harp, retires into a
+wilderness, where he subjects himself to every kind of austerity, and
+attracts the wild beasts by the pathetic melody of his harp. His state
+of desolation is poetically described:
+
+  He that werd the fowe and griis,
+  And on bed the purpur biis,
+  Now on bard hethe he lith.
+  With leves and gresse he him writh:
+  He that had castells and tours,
+  Rivers, forests, frith with flowrs.
+  Now thei it commence to snewe and freze,
+  This king mot make his bed in mese:
+  He that had y-had knightes of priis,
+  Bifore him kneland and leuedis,
+  Now seth he no thing that him liketh,
+  Bot wild wormes bi him striketh:
+  He that had y-had plente
+  Of mete and drinke, of ich deynte,
+  Now may he al daye digge and wrote,
+  Er he find his fille of rote.
+  In sorner he liveth bi wild fruit,
+  And verien hot gode lite.
+  In winter may he no thing find,
+  Bot rotes, grases, and the rinde.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  His here of his herd blac and rowe,
+  To his girdel stede was growe;
+  His harp, whereon was al his gle,
+  He hidde in are holwe tre:
+  And, when the weder was clere and bright,
+  He toke his harpe to him wel right,
+  And harped at his owen will,
+  Into al the wode the soun gan shill,
+  That al the wild bestes that ther beth
+  For joie abouten him thai teth;
+  And al the foules that ther wer,
+  Come and sete on ich a brere,
+  To here his harping a fine,
+  So miche melody was therein.
+
+At last he discovers, that he is not the sole inhabitant of this desart;
+for
+
+  He might se him besides
+  Oft in hot undertides,
+  The king of Fairi, with his route,
+  Come to hunt him al about,
+  With dim cri and bloweing,
+  And houndes also with him berking;
+  Ac no best thai no nome,
+  No never he nist whider thai bi come.
+  And other while he might hem se
+  As a gret ost bi him te,
+  Well atourued ten hundred knightes,
+  Ich y-armed to his rightes,
+  Of cuntenance stout and fers,
+  With mani desplaid baners;
+  And ich his sword y-drawe hold,
+  Ac never he nist whider thai wold.
+  And otherwhile he seighe other thing;
+  Knightis and lenedis com daunceing,
+  In queynt atire gisely,
+  Queyete pas and softlie:
+  Tabours and trumpes gede hem bi,
+  And al mauer menstraci.--
+  And on a day he seighe him biside,
+  Sexti leuedis on hors ride,
+  Gentil and jolif as brid on ris;
+  Nought o man amonges hem ther nis;
+  And ich a faucoun on bond bere,
+  And riden on hauken bi o river.
+  Of game thai found wel gode haunt,
+  Maulardes, hayroun, and cormoraunt;
+  The foules of the water ariseth,
+  Ich faucoun hem wele deviseth,
+  Ich fancoun his pray slough,
+  That seize Orfeo and lough.
+  "Par fay," quoth he, "there is fair game,
+  "Hider Ichil bi Godes name,
+  "Ich was y won swich work to se:"
+  He aros, and thider gan te;
+  To a leuedie hi was y-come,
+  Bihelde, and hath wel under nome,
+  And seth, bi al thing, that is
+  His owen quen, dam Heurodis;
+  Gern hi biheld her, and sche him eke,
+  Ac nouther to other a word no speke:
+  For messais that sche on him seighe,
+  That had ben so riche and so heighe,
+  The teres fel out of her eighe;
+  The other leuedis this y seighe,
+  And maked hir oway to ride,
+  Sche most with him no longer obide.
+  "Allas!" quoth he, "nowe is mi woe,
+  "Whi nil deth now me slo;
+  "Allas! to long last mi liif,
+  "When y no dare nought with mi wif,
+  "Nor hye to me o word speke;
+  "Allas whi nil miin hert breke!
+  "Par fay," quoth he, "tide what betide,
+  "Whider so this leuedis ride,
+  "The selve way Ichil streche;
+  "Of liif, no dethe, me no reche.
+
+In consequence, therefore, of this discovery _Orfeo_ pursues the hawking
+damsels, among whom he has descried his lost queen. They enter a rock,
+the king continues the pursuit, and arrives at Fairy-Land, of which the
+following very poetical description is given:
+
+  In at roche the leuedis rideth,
+  And he after and nought abideth;
+  When he was in the roche y-go,
+  Wele thre mile other mo,
+  He com into a fair cuntray,
+  As bright soonne somers day,
+  Smothe and plain and al grene,
+  Hill no dale nas none ysene,
+  Amiddle the loud a castel he seighe,
+  Rich and reale and wonder heighe;
+  Al the utmast wal
+  Was cler and schine of cristal;
+  An hundred tours ther were about,
+  Degiselich and bataild stout;
+  The butrass come out of the diche,
+  Of rede gold y-arched riche;
+  The bousour was anowed al,
+  Of ich maner deuers animal;
+  Within ther wer wide wones
+  Al of precious stones,
+  The werss piler onto biholde,
+  Was al of burnist gold:
+  Al that loud was ever light,
+  For when it schuld be therk and night,
+  The riche stonnes light gonne,
+  Bright as doth at nonne the sonne
+  No man may tel, no thenke in thought.
+  The riche werk that ther was rought.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Than he gan biholde about al,
+  And seighe ful liggeand with in the wal,
+  Of folk that wer thidder y-brought,
+  And thought dede and nere nought;
+  Sum stode with outen hadde;
+  And some none armes nade;
+  And sum thurch the bodi hadde wounde;
+  And sum lay wode y-bounde;
+  And sum armed on hors sete;
+  And sum astrangled as thai ete;
+  And sum war in water adreynt;
+  And sum with fire al for schreynt;
+  Wives ther lay on childe bedde;
+  Sum dede, and sum awedde;
+  And wonder fere ther lay besides,
+  Right as thai slepe her undertides;
+  Eche was thus in this warld y-nome,
+  With fairi thider y-come.[A]
+  There he seize his owhen wiif,
+  Dame Heurodis, his liif liif,
+  Slepe under an ympe tree:
+  Bi her clothes he knewe that it was he,
+    And when he had bihold this mervalis alle,
+  He went into the kinges halle;
+  Then seigh he there a semly sight,
+  A tabernacle blisseful and bright;
+  Ther in her maister king sete,
+  And her quen fair and swete;
+  Her crounes, her clothes schine so bright,
+  That unnethe bihold he hem might.
+      _Orfeo and Heurodis, MS._
+
+[Footnote A: It was perhaps from such a description that Ariosto adopted
+his idea of the Lunar Paradise, containing every thing that on earth was
+stolen or lost.]
+
+_Orfeo_, as a minstrel, so charms the Fairy King with the music of
+his harp, that he promises to grant him whatever he should ask. He
+immediately demands his lost _Heurodis_; and, returning safely with
+her to Winchester, resumes his authority; a catastrophe, less pathetic
+indeed, but more pleasing, than that of the classical story. The
+circumstances, mentioned in this romantic legend, correspond very
+exactly with popular tradition. Almost all the writers on daemonology
+mention, as a received opinion that the power of the daemons is most
+predominant at noon and midnight. The entrance to the Land of Faëry is
+placed in the wilderness; a circumstance, which coincides with a passage
+in Lindsay's _Complaint of the Papingo:_
+
+  Bot sen my spreit mon from my bodye go,
+  I recommend it to the queue of Fary,
+  Eternally into her court to tarry
+  In _wilderness_ amang the holtis hair.
+      LINDSAY'S _Works_, 1592, p. 222.
+
+Chaucer also agrees, in this particular, with our romancer:
+
+  In his sadel he clombe anon,
+  And priked over stile and ston,
+   An elf quene for to espie;
+  Til he so long had riden and gone
+  That he fond in a privie wone
+   The countree of Faërie.
+
+  Wherein he soughte north and south,
+  And often spired with his mouth,
+   In many a foreste wilde;
+  For in that countree nas ther non,
+  That to him dorst ride or gon,
+   Neither wif ne childe.
+      _Rime of Sir Thopas._
+
+V. Other two causes, deeply affecting the superstition of which we
+treat, remain yet to be noticed. The first is derived from the Christian
+religion, which admits only of two classes of spirits, exclusive of the
+souls of men--Angels, namely, and Devils. This doctrine had a necessary
+tendency to abolish the distinction among subordinate spirits, which had
+been introduced by the superstitions of the Scandinavians. The existence
+of the Fairies was readily admitted; but, as they had no pretensions to
+the angelic character, they were deemed to be of infernal origin. The
+union, also, which had been formed betwixt the elves and the Pagan
+deities, was probably of disservice to the former; since every one
+knows, that the whole synod of Olympus were accounted daemons.
+
+The fulminations of the church were, therefore, early directed against
+those, who consulted or consorted with the Fairies; and, according to
+the inquisitorial logic, the innocuous choristers of Oberon and Titania
+were, without remorse, confounded with the sable inhabitants of the
+orthodox Gehennim; while the rings, which marked their revels, were
+assimilated to the blasted sward on which the witches held their
+infernal sabbath.--_Delrii Disq. Mag._ p. 179. This transformation early
+took place; for, among the many crimes for which the famous Joan of Arc
+was called upon to answer, it was not the least heinous, that she
+had frequented the Tree and Fountain, near Dompré, which formed the
+rendezvous of the Fairies, and bore their name; that she had joined in
+the festive dance with the elves, who haunted this charmed spot; had
+accepted of their magical bouquets, and availed herself of their
+talismans, for the delivery of her country.--_Vide Acta Judiciaria
+contra Johannam D'Arceam, vulgo vocutam Johanne la Pucelle._
+
+The Reformation swept away many of the corruptions of the church of
+Rome; but the purifying torrent remained itself somewhat tinctured by
+the superstitious impurities of the soil over which it had passed. The
+trials of sorcerers and witches, which disgrace our criminal records,
+become even more frequent after the Reformation of the church; as if
+human credulity, no longer amused by the miracles of Rome, had sought
+for food in the traditionary records of popular superstition. A Judaical
+observation of the precepts of the Old Testament also characterized the
+Presbyterian reformers. _"Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,"_ was
+a text, which at once (as they conceived) authorized their belief in
+sorcery, and sanctioned the penalty which they denounced against it. The
+Fairies were, therefore, in no better credit after the Reformation than
+before, being still regarded as actual daemons, or something very little
+better. A famous divine, Doctor Jasper Brokeman, teaches us, in his
+system of divinity, "that they inhabit in those places that are polluted
+with any crying sin, as effusion of blood, or where unbelief or
+superstitione have gotten the upper hand."--_Description of Feroe._ The
+Fairies being on such bad terms with the divines, those, who pretended
+to intercourse with them, were, without scruple, punished as sorcerers;
+and such absurd charges are frequently stated as exaggerations of
+crimes, in themselves sufficiently heinous.
+
+Such is the case in the trial of the noted Major Weir, and his sister;
+where the following mummery interlards a criminal indictment, too
+infamously flagitious to be farther detailed: "9th April, 1670. Jean
+Weir, indicted of sorceries, committed by her when she lived and kept a
+school at Dalkeith: that she took employment from a woman, to speak in
+her behalf to the _Queen of Fairii, meaning the Devil_; and that another
+woman gave her a piece of a tree, or root, the next day, and did tell
+her, that as long as she kept the same, she should be able to do what
+she pleased; and that same woman, from whom she got the tree, caused her
+spread a cloth before her door, and set her foot upon it, and to repeat
+thrice, in the posture foresaid, these words, _'All her losses and
+crosses go alongst to the doors,'_ which was truly a consulting with the
+devil, and an act of sorcery, &c. That after the spirit, in the shape of
+a woman, who gave her the piece of tree, had removed, she, addressing
+herself to spinning, and having spun but a short time, found more
+yarn upon the pirn than could possibly have come there by good
+means."[A]--_Books of Adjournal._
+
+[Footnote A: It is observed in the record, that Major Weir, a man of
+the most vicious character, was at the same time ambitious of appearing
+eminently godly; and used to frequent the beds of sick persons, to
+assist them with his prayers. On such occasions, he put to his mouth
+a long staff, which he usually carried, and expressed himself with
+uncommon energy and fluency, of which he was utterly incapable when the
+inspiring rod was withdrawn. This circumstance, the result, probably, of
+a trick or habit, appearing suspicious to the judges, the staff of the
+sorcerer was burned along with his person. One hundred and thirty years
+have elapsed since his execution, yet no one has, during that space,
+ventured to inhabit the house of this celebrated criminal.]
+
+Neither was the judgment of the criminal court of Scotland less severe
+against another familiar of the Fairies, whose supposed correspondence
+with the court of Elfland seems to have constituted the sole crime, for
+which she was burned alive. Her name was Alison Pearson, and she seems
+to have been a very noted person. In a bitter satire against Adamson,
+Bishop of St Andrews, he is accused of consulting with sorcerers,
+particularly with this very woman; and an account is given of her
+travelling through Breadalbane, in the company of the Queen of Faëry,
+and of her descrying, in the court of Elfland, many persons, who had
+been supposed at rest in the peaceful grave.[A] Among these we find two
+remarkable personages; the secretary, young Maitland of Lethington, and
+one of the old lairds of Buccleuch. The cause of their being stationed
+in Elfland probably arose from the manner of their decease; which, being
+uncommon and violent, caused the vulgar to suppose that they had been
+abstracted by the Fairies. Lethington, as is generally supposed, died a
+Roman death during his imprisonment in Leith; and the Buccleuch, whom I
+believe to be here meant, was slain in a nocturnal scuffle by the Kerrs,
+his hereditary enemies. Besides, they were both attached to the cause
+of Queen Mary, and to the ancient religion; and were thence, probably,
+considered as more immediately obnoxious to the assaults of the powers
+of darkness.[B] The indictment of Alison Pearson notices her intercourse
+with the Archbishop of St Andrews, and contains some particulars, worthy
+of notice, regarding the court of Elfland. It runs thus: "28th May,
+1586. Alison Pearson, in Byrehill, convicted of witchcraft, and of
+consulting with evil spirits, in the form of one Mr William Simpsone,
+her cosin, who she affirmed was a gritt schollar, and doctor of
+medicine, that healed her of her diseases when she was twelve years of
+age; having lost the power of her syde, and having a familiaritie with
+him for divers years, dealing with charms, and abuseing the common
+people by her arts of witchcraft, thir divers years by-past.
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  For oght the kirk culd him forbid,
+  He sped him sone, and gat the thrid;
+  Ane carling of the quene of Phareis,
+  That ewill win geir to elpliyne careis;
+  Through all Brade Abane scho has bene,
+  On horsbak on Hallow ewin;
+  And ay in seiking certayne nightis,
+  As scho sayis with sur silly wychirs:
+  And names out nybours sex or sewin,
+  That we belevit had bene in heawin;
+  Scho said scho saw theme weill aneugh,
+  And speciallie gude auld Balcleuch,
+  The secretar, and sundrie uther:
+  Ane William Symsone, her mother brother,
+  Whom fra scho has resavit a buike
+  For ony herb scho likes to luke;
+  It will instruct her how to tak it,
+  In saws and sillubs how to mak it;
+  With stones that meikle mair can doe,
+  In leich craft, where scho lays them toe:
+  A thousand maladeis scho hes mendit;
+  Now being tane, and apprehendit,
+  Scho being in the bischopis cure,
+  And keipit in his castle sure,
+  Without respect of worldlie glamer,
+  He past into the witches chalmer.
+      _Scottish Poems of XVI. Century,_ Edin. 1801,
+      Vol. II, p. 320.]
+
+[Footnote B: Buccleuch was a violent enemy to the English, by whom his
+lands had been repeatedly plundered (See _Introduction,_ p. xxvi), and
+a great advocate for the marriage betwixt Mary and the dauphin, 1549.
+According to John Knox, he had recourse even to threats, in urging the
+parliament to agree to the French match. "The laird of Buccleuch," says
+the Reformer, "a bloody man, with many Gods wounds, swore, they that
+would not consent should do worse."]
+
+"_Item,_ For banting and repairing with the gude neighbours, and queene
+of Elfland, thir divers years by-past, as she had confest; and that she
+had friends in that court, which were of her own blude, who had gude
+acquaintance of the queene of Elfland, which might have helped her; but
+she was whiles well, and whiles ill, sometimes with them, a'nd other
+times away frae them; and that she would be in her bed haille and feire,
+and would not wytt where she would be the morn; and that she saw not the
+queene this seven years, and that she was seven years ill handled in the
+court of Elfland; that, however, she kad gude friends there, and that
+it was the gude neighbours that healed her, under God; and that she was
+comeing and going to St Andrews to haile folkes thir many years past.
+
+"_Item,_ Convict of the said act of witchcraft, in as far as she confest
+that the said Mr William Sympsoune, who was her guidsir sone, born in
+Stirleing, who was the king's smith, who, when about eight years of age,
+was taken away by ane Egyptian to Egypt; which Egyptian was a gyant,
+where he remained twelve years, "and then came home.
+
+"_Item,_ That she being in Grange Muir, with some other folke, she,
+being sick, lay downe; and, when alone, there came a man to her, clad in
+green, who said to her, if she would be faithful, he would do her good;
+but she, being feared, cried out, but naebodye came to her; so she said,
+if he came in God's name, and for the gude of her saule, it was well;
+but he gaid away: that he appeared to her another tyme like a lustie
+man, and many men and women with him; that, at seeing him, she signed
+herself and prayed, and past with them, and saw them making merrie with
+pypes, and gude cheir and wine, and that she was carried with them; and
+that when she telled any of these things, she was sairlie tormentit by
+them; and that the first time she gaed with them, she gat a sair straike
+frae one of them, which took all the _poustie_[A] of her syde frae her,
+and left ane ill-far'd mark on her syde.
+
+"_Item,_ That she saw the gude neighbours make their sawes[B] with panns
+and fyres, and that they gathered the herbs before the sun was up, and
+they came verie fearful sometimes to her, and flaide[C] her very sair,
+which made her cry, and threatened they would use her worse than before;
+and, at last, they took away the power of her haile syde frae her, which
+made her lye many weeks. Sometimes they would come and sitt by her, and
+promise all that she should never want if she would be faithful, but if
+she would speak and telle of them, they should murther her; and that Mr
+William Sympsoune is with them, who healed her, and telt her all things;
+that he is a young man not six years older than herself, and that he
+will appear to her before the court comes; that he told her he was taken
+away by them, and he bidd her sign herself that she be not taken away,
+for the teind of them are tane to hell everie year.
+
+[Footnote A: _Poustie_--Power.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Sawes_--Salves.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Flaide_--Scared.]
+
+"_Item,_ That the said Mr William told her what herbs were fit to cure
+every disease, and how to use them; and particularlie tauld, that the
+Bishop of St Andrews laboured under sindrie diseases, sic as the riples,
+trembling, feaver, flux, &c. and bade her make a sawe, and anoint
+several parts of his body therewith, and gave directions for making a
+posset, which she made and gave him."
+
+For this idle story the poor woman actually suffered death. Yet,
+notwithstanding the fervent arguments thus liberally used by the
+orthodox, the common people, though they dreaded even to think or speak
+about the Fairies, by no means unanimously acquiesced in the doctrine,
+which consigned them to eternal perdition. The inhabitants of the Isle
+of Man call them the "_good people_, and say they live in wilds, and
+forests, and on mountains, and shun great cities, because of the
+wickedness acted therein: all the houses are blessed where they visit,
+for they fly vice. A person would be thought impudently prophane who
+should suffer his family to go to bed, without having first set a tub,
+or pail, full of clean water, for those guests to bathe themselves in,
+which the natives aver they constantly do, as soon as ever the eyes of
+the family are closed, wherever they vouchsafe to come."--WALDREN's
+_Works_, p. 126. There are some curious, and perhaps anomalous facts,
+concerning the history of Fairies, in a sort of Cock-lane narrative,
+contained in a letter from Moses Pitt, to Dr Edward Fowler, Lord Bishop
+of Gloucester, printed at London in 1696, and preserved in Morgan's
+_Phoenix Britannicus,_ 4to, London 1732.
+
+Anne Jefferies was born in the parish of St Teath, in the county of
+Cornwall, in 1626. Being the daughter of a poor man, she resided as
+servant in the house of the narrator's father, and waited upon the
+narrator himself, in his childhood. As she was knitting stockings in an
+arbour of the garden, "six small people, all in green clothes," came
+suddenly over the garden wall; at the sight of whom, being much
+frightened, she was seized with convulsions, and continued so long sick,
+that she became as a changeling, and was unable to walk. During her
+sickness, she frequently exclaimed, "They are just gone out of the
+window! they are just gone out of the window! do you not see them?"
+These expressions, as she afterwards declared, related to their
+disappearing. During the harvest, when every one was employed, her
+mistress walked out; and dreading that Anne, who was extremely weak
+and silly, might injure herself, or the house, by the fire, with some
+difficulty persuaded her to walk in the orchard till her return. She
+accidentally hurt her leg, and, at her return, Anne cured it, by
+stroking it with her hand. She appeared to be informed of every
+particular, and asserted, that she had this information from the
+Fairies, who had caused the misfortune. After this, she performed
+numerous cures, but would never receive money for them. From harvest
+time to Christmas, she was fed by the Fairies, and eat no other victuals
+but theirs. The narrator affirms, that, looking one day through the
+key-hole of the door of her chamber, he saw her eating; and that she
+gave him a piece of bread, which was the most delicious he ever tasted.
+The Fairies always appeared to her in even numbers; never less than two,
+nor more than eight, at a time. She had always a sufficient stock of
+salves and medicines, and yet neither made, nor purchased any; nor did
+she ever appear to be in want of money. She, one day, gave a silver cup,
+containing about a quart, to the daughter of her mistress, a girl about
+four years old, to carry to her mother, who refused to receive it. The
+narrator adds, that he had seen her dancing in the orchard among the
+trees, and that she informed him she was then dancing with the Fairies.
+The report of the strange cures which she performed, soon attracted the
+attention of both ministers and magistrates. The ministers endeavoured
+to persuade her, that the Fairies by which she was haunted, were evil
+spirits, and that she was under the delusion of the devil. After they
+had left her, she was visited by the Fairies, while in great perplexity;
+who desired her to cause those, who termed them evil spirits, to
+read that place of scripture, _First Epistle of John,_, chap. iv. v.
+1,--_Dearly beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits,
+whether they are of God,_ &c. Though Anne Jefferies could not read, she
+produced a Bible folded down at this passage. By the magistrates she was
+confined three months, without food, in Bodmin jail, and afterwards
+for some time in the house of Justice Tregeagle. Before the constable
+appeared to apprehend her, she was visited by the Fairies, who informed
+her what was intended, and advised her to go with him. When this account
+was given, on May 1, 1696, she was still alive; but refused to relate
+any particulars of her connection with the Fairies, or the occasion on
+which they deserted her, lest she should again fall under the cognizance
+of the magistrates.
+
+Anne Jefferies' Fairies were not altogether singular in maintaining
+their good character, in opposition to the received opinion of the
+church. Aubrey and Lily, unquestionably judges in such matters, had
+a high opinion of these beings, if we may judge from the following
+succinct and business-like memorandum of a ghost-seer. "Anno 1670. Not
+far from Cirencester was an apparition. Being demanded whether a good
+spirit or a bad, returned no answer, but disappeared with a curious
+perfume, and most melodious twang. M.W. Lilly believes it was a Fairie.
+So Propertius,
+
+  Omnia finierat; tenues secessit in auras,
+  Mansit odor possis scire fuisse Deam!"
+      AUBREY'S _Miscellanies,_ p. 80.
+
+A rustic, also, whom Jackson taxed with magical practices, about 1620,
+obstinately denied that the good King of the Fairies had any connection
+with the devil; and some of the Highland seers, even in our day,
+have boasted of their intimacy with the elves, as an innocent and
+advantageous connection. One Maccoan, in Appin, the last person
+eminently gifted with the second sight, professed to my learned and
+excellent friend, Mr Ramsay, of Ochtertyre, that he owed his prophetic
+visions to their intervention.
+
+VI. There remains yet another cause to be noticed, which seems to have
+induced a considerable alteration into the popular creed of England,
+respecting Fairies. Many poets of the sixteenth century, and, above all,
+our immortal Shakespeare, deserting the hackneyed fictions of Greece and
+Rome, sought for machinery in the superstitions of their native country.
+"The fays, which nightly dance upon the wold," were an interesting
+subject; and the creative imagination of the bard, improving upon the
+vulgar belief, assigned to them many of those fanciful attributes and
+occupations, which posterity have since associated with the name
+of Fairy. In such employments, as rearing the drooping flower, and
+arranging the disordered chamber, the Fairies of South Britain gradually
+lost the harsher character of the dwarfs, or elves. Their choral dances
+were enlivened by the introduction of the merry goblin _Puck_,[A]
+for whose freakish pranks they exchanged their original mischievous
+propensities. The Fairies of Shakespeare, Drayton, and Mennis,
+therefore, at first exquisite fancy portraits, may be considered as
+having finally operated a change in the original which gave them
+birth.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin, possesses the frolicksome
+qualities of the French _Lutin_. For his full character, the reader is
+referred to the _Reliques of Ancient Poetry_. The proper livery of this
+sylvan Momus is to be found in an old play. "Enter Robin Goodfellow, in
+a suit of leather, close to his body, his hands and face coloured russet
+colour, with a flail."--_Grim, the Collier of Croydon, Act 4, Scene 1._
+At other times, however, he is presented in the vernal livery of the
+elves, his associates:
+
+  _Tim._ "I have made
+  "Some speeches, sir, ill verse, which have been spoke
+  "By a _green Robin Goodfellow_, from Cheapside conduit,
+  "To my father's company."
+      _The City Match, Act I, Scene 6._]
+
+[Footnote B: The Fairy land, and Fairies of Spenser, have no connection
+with popular superstition, being only words used to denote an Utopian
+scene of action, and imaginary or allegorical characters; and the title
+of the "Fairy Queen" being probably suggested by the elfin mistress of
+Chaucer's _Sir Thopas_. The stealing of the Red Cross Knight, while a
+child, is the only incident in the poem which approaches to the popular
+character of the Fairy:
+
+  --A Fairy thee unweeting reft;
+  There as thou sleptst in tender swadling band,
+  And her base elfin brood there for thee left:
+  Such men do changelings call, so chang'd by Fairies theft.
+      _Book I. Canto_ 10.]
+
+While the fays of South Britain received such attractive and poetical
+embellishments, those of Scotland, who possessed no such advantage,
+retained more of their ancient, and appropriate character. Perhaps,
+also, the persecution which these sylvan deities underwent, at the
+instance of the stricter presbyterian clergy, had its usual effect, in
+hardening their dispositions, or at least in rendering them more dreaded
+by those among whom they dwelt. The face of the country, too, might
+have some effect; as we should naturally attribute a less malicious
+disposition, and a less frightful appearance, to the fays who glide by
+moon-light through the oaks of Windsor, than to those who haunt the
+solitary heaths and lofty mountains of the North. The fact at least is
+certain; and it has not escaped a late ingenious traveller, that the
+character of the Scottish Fairy is more harsh and terrific than that
+which is ascribed to the elves of our sister kingdom.--See STODDART'S
+_View of Scenery and Manners in Scotland._
+
+The Fairies of Scotland are represented as a diminutive race of beings,
+of a mixed, or rather dubious nature, capricious in their dispositions,
+and mischievous in their resentment. They inhabit the interior of green
+hills, chiefly those of a conical form, in Gaelic termed _Sighan_, on
+which they lead their dances by moon-light; impressing upon the surface
+the mark of circles, which sometimes appear yellow and blasted,
+sometimes of a deep green hue; and within which it is dangerous to
+sleep, or to be found after sun-set. The removal of those large portions
+of turf, which thunderbolts sometimes scoop out of the ground with
+singular regularity, is also ascribed to their agency. Cattle, which are
+suddenly seized with the cramp, or some similar disorder, are said to be
+_elf-shot_; and the approved cure is, to chafe the parts affected with
+a blue bonnet, which, it may be readily believed, often restores the
+circulation. The triangular flints, frequently found in Scotland, with
+which the ancient inhabitants probably barbed their shafts, are supposed
+to be the weapons of Fairy resentment, and are termed _elf-arrow heads_.
+The rude brazen battle-axes of the ancients, commonly called _celts_,
+are also ascribed to their manufacture. But, like the Gothic duergar,
+their skill is not confined to the fabrication of arms; for they are
+heard sedulously hammering in linns, precipices, and rocky or cavernous
+situations where, like the dwarfs of the mines, mentioned by Georg.
+Agricola, they busy themselves in imitating the actions and the various
+employments of men. The brook of Beaumont, for example, which passes,
+in its course, by numerous linns and caverns, is notorious for being
+haunted by the Fairies; and the perforated and rounded stones, which are
+formed by trituration in its channel, are termed, by the vulgar, fairy
+cups and dishes. A beautiful reason is assigned, by Fletcher, for the
+fays frequenting streams and fountains. He tells us of
+
+  A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks
+  The nimble-footed Fairies dance their rounds,
+  By the pale moon-shine, dipping oftentimes
+  Their stolen children, so to make them free
+  From dying flesh, and dull mortality.
+      _Faithful Shepherdess._
+
+It is sometimes accounted unlucky to pass such places, without
+performing some ceremony to avert the displeasure of the elves. There
+is, upon the top of Minchmuir, a mountain in Peebles-shire, a spring,
+called the _Cheese Well_, because, anciently, those who passed that way
+were wont to throw into it a piece of cheese, as an offering to the
+Fairies, to whom it was consecrated.
+
+Like the _feld elfen_ of the Saxons, the usual dress of the Fairies
+is green; though, on the moors, they have been sometimes observed in
+heath-brown, or in weeds dyed with the stoneraw, or lichen.[A] They
+often ride in invisible procession, when their presence is discovered by
+the shrill ringing of their bridles. On these occasions, they sometimes
+borrow mortal steeds; and when such are found at morning, panting and
+fatigued in their stalls, with their manes and tails dishevelled and
+entangled, the grooms, I presume, often find this a convenient excuse
+for their situation; as the common belief of the elves quaffing the
+choicest liquors in the cellars of the rich (see the story of Lord
+Duffus below), might occasionally cloak the delinquencies of an
+unfaithful butler.
+
+[Footnote A: Hence the hero of the ballad is termed an "elfin grey."]
+
+The Fairies, beside their equestrian processions, are addicted it would
+seem, to the pleasures of the chace. A young sailor, travelling by night
+from Douglas, in the Isle of Man, to visit his sister, residing in Kirk
+Merlugh, heard the noise of horses, the holla of a huntsman, and the
+sound of a horn. Immediately afterwards, thirteen horsemen, dressed in
+green, and gallantly mounted, swept past him. Jack was so much delighted
+with the sport, that he followed them, and enjoyed the sound of the horn
+for some miles; and it was not till he arrived at his sister's house
+that he learned the danger which he had incurred. I must not omit to
+mention, that these little personages are expert jockeys, and scorn to
+ride the little Manks ponies, though apparently well suited to their
+size. The exercise therefore, falls heavily upon the English and Irish
+horses brought into the Isle of Man. Mr Waldron was assured by a
+gentleman of Ballafletcher, that he had lost three or four capital
+hunters by these nocturnal excursions.--WALDRON'S _Works_, p. 132.
+From the same author we learn, that the Fairies sometimes take more
+legitimate modes of procuring horses. A person of the utmost integrity
+informed him, that, having occasion to sell a horse, he was accosted
+among the mountains by a little gentleman plainly dressed, who priced
+his horse, cheapened him, and, after some chaffering, finally purchased
+him. No sooner had the buyer mounted, and paid the price, than, he sunk
+through the earth, horse and man, to the astonishment and terror of the
+seller; who experienced, however, no inconvenience from dealing with so
+extraordinary a purchaser.--_Ibid._ p. 135.
+
+It is hoped the reader will receive, with due respect, these, and
+similar stories, told by Mr Waldron; for he himself, a scholar and a
+gentleman, informs us, "as to circles in grass, and the impression
+of small feet among the snow, I cannot deny but I have seen them
+frequently, and once thought I heard a whistle, as though in my ear,
+when nobody that could make it was near me." In this passage there is a
+curious picture of the contagious effects of a superstitious atmosphere.
+Waldron had lived so long among the Manks, that he was almost persuaded
+to believe their legends.
+
+From the _History of the Irish Bards_, by Mr Walker, and from the
+glossary subjoined to the lively and ingenious _Tale of Castle
+Rackrent_, we learn, that the same ideas, concerning Fairies, are
+current among the vulgar in that country. The latter authority mentions
+their inhabiting the ancient tumuli, called _Barrows_, and their
+abstracting mortals. They are termed "the good people;" and when an eddy
+of wind raises loose dust and sand, the vulgar believe that it announces
+a Fairy procession, and bid God speed their journey.
+
+The Scottish Fairies, in like manner, sometimes reside in subterranean
+abodes, in the vicinity of human habitations or, according to the
+popular phrase, under the "door-stane," or threshold; in which
+situation, they sometimes establish an intercourse with men, by
+borrowing and lending, and other kindly offices. In this capacity they
+are termed "the good neighbours,"[A] from supplying privately the wants
+of their friends, and assisting them in all their transactions, while
+their favours are concealed. Of this the traditionary story of Sir
+Godfrey Macculloch forms a curious example.
+
+[Footnote A: Perhaps this epithet is only one example, among many, of
+the extreme civility which the vulgar in Scotland use towards spirits of
+a, dubious, or even a determinedly mischievous, nature. The archfiend
+himself is often distinguished by the softened title of the "good-man."
+This epithet, so applied, must sound strange to a southern ear; but, as
+the phrase bears various interpretations, according to the places where
+it is used, so, in the Scottish dialect, the _good-man of such a place_
+signifies the tenant, or life-renter, in opposition to the laird, or
+proprietor. Hence, the devil is termed the good-man, or tenant, of the
+infernal regions. In the book of the Universal Kirk, 13th May, 1594,
+mention is made of "the horrible superstitioune usit in Garioch, and
+dyvers parts of the countrie, in not labouring a parcel of ground
+dedicated to the devil, under the title of the _Guid-man's Croft_." Lord
+Hailes conjectured this to have been the _tenenos_ adjoining to some
+ancient Pagan temple. The unavowed, but obvious, purpose of this
+practice, was to avert the destructive rage of Satan from the
+neighbouring possessions. It required various fulminations of the
+General Assembly of the Kirk to abolish a practice bordering so nearly
+upon the doctrine of the Magi.]
+
+As this Gallovidian gentleman was taking the air on horseback, near his
+own house, he was suddenly accosted by a little old man, arrayed in
+green, and mounted upon a white palfrey. After mutual salutation, the
+old man gave Sir Godfrey to understand, that he resided under his
+habitation, and that he had great reason to complain of the direction of
+a drain, or common sewer, which emptied itself directly into his chamber
+of dais, [A] Sir Godfrey Macculloch was a good deal startled at this
+extraordinary complaint; but, guessing the nature of the being he had
+to deal with, he assured the old man, with great courtesy, that the
+direction of the drain should be altered; and caused it be done
+accordingly. Many years afterwards, Sir Godfrey had the misfortune to
+kill, in a fray, a gentleman of the neighbourhood. He was apprehended,
+tried, and condemned.[B] The scaffold, upon which his head was to be
+struck off, was erected on the Castle-hill of Edinburgh; but hardly had
+he reached the fatal spot, when the old man, upon his white palfrey,
+pressed through the crowd, with the rapidity of lightning. Sir Godfrey,
+at his command, sprung on behind him; the "good neighbour" spurred his
+horse down the steep bank, and neither he nor the criminal were ever
+again seen.
+
+[Footnote A: The best chamber was thus currently denominated in
+Scotland, from the French _dais_, signifying that part of the ancient
+halls which was elevated above the rest, and covered with a canopy.
+The turf-seats, which occupy the sunny side of a cottage wall, is also
+termed the _dais_.]
+
+[Footnote B: In this particular, tradition coincides with the real fact;
+the trial took place in 1697.]
+
+The most formidable attribute of the elves, was their practice of
+carrying away, and exchanging, children; and that of stealing human
+souls from their bodies. "A persuasion prevails among the ignorant,"
+says the author of a MS. history of Moray, "that, in a consumptive
+disease, the Fairies steal away the soul, and put the soul of a Fairy in
+the room of it." This belief prevails chiefly along the eastern coast of
+Scotland, where a practice, apparently of druidical origin, is used to
+avert the danger. In the increase of the March moon, withies of oak and
+ivy are cut, and twisted into wreaths or circles, which they preserve
+till next March. After that period, when persons are consumptive, or
+children hectic, they cause them to pass thrice through these circles.
+In other cases the cure was more rough, and at least as dangerous as the
+disease, as will appear from the following extract:
+
+"There is one thing remarkable in this parish of Suddie (in
+Inverness-shire), which I think proper to mention. There is a small hill
+N.W. from the church, commonly called Therdy Hill, or Hill of Therdie,
+as some term it; on the top of which there is a well, which I had the
+curiosity to view, because of the several reports concerning it. When
+children happen to be sick, and languish long in their malady, so that
+they almost turned skeletons, the common people imagine they are taken
+away (at least the substance) by spirits, called Fairies, and the shadow
+left with them; so, at a particular season in summer, they leave them
+all night themselves, watching at a distance, near this well, and this
+they imagine will either _end or mend them_; they say many more do
+recover than do not. Yea, an honest tenant who lives hard by it, and
+whom I had the curiosity to discourse about it, told me it has recovered
+some, who were about eight or nine years of age, and to his certain
+knowledge they bring adult persons to it; for, as he was passing one
+dark night, he heard groanings, and coming to the well, he found a man,
+who had been long sick, wrapped in a plaid, so that he could scarcely
+move, a stake being fixed in the earth, with a rope, or tedder, that was
+about the plaid; he had no sooner enquired what he was, but he conjured
+him to loose him, and out of sympathy he was pleased to slacken that,
+wherein he was, as I may so speak, swaddled; but, if I right remember,
+he signified, he did not recover."--_Account of the Parish of Suddie,_
+apud _Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+According to the earlier doctrine, concerning the original corruption of
+human nature, the power of daemons over infants had been long reckoned
+considerable, in the period intervening between birth and baptism.
+During this period, therefore, children were believed to be particularly
+liable to abstraction by the Fairies, and mothers chiefly dreaded the
+substitution of changelings in the place of their own offspring. Various
+monstrous charms existed in Scotland, for procuring the restoration of a
+child, which had been thus stolen; but the most efficacious of them was
+supposed to be, the roasting of the suppositious child upon the live
+embers, when it was believed it would vanish, and the true child appear
+in the place, whence it had been originally abstracted.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: Less perilous recipes were sometimes used. The editor is
+possessed of a small relique, termed by tradition a toad-stone, the
+influence of which was supposed to preserve pregnant women from the
+power of daemons, and other dangers incidental to their situation. It
+has been carefully preserved for several generations, was often pledged
+for considerable sums of money, and uniformly redeemed, from a belief in
+its efficacy.]
+
+The most minute and authenticated account of an exchanged child is to be
+found in Waldron's _Isle of Man_, a book from which I have derived much
+legendary information. "I was prevailed upon myself," says that author,
+"to go and see a child, who, they told me, was one of these changelings,
+and, indeed, must own, was not a little surprised, as well as shocked,
+at the sight. Nothing under heaven could have a more beautiful face;
+but, though between five and six years old, and seemingly healthy, he
+was so far from being able to walk or stand, that he could not so much
+as move any one joint; his limbs were vastly long for his age, but
+smaller than any infant's of six months; his complexion was perfectly
+delicate, and he had the finest hair in the world. He never spoke nor
+cried, ate scarce any thing, and was very seldom seen to smile; but if
+any one called him a _fairy-elf_, he would frown, and fix his eyes so
+earnestly on those who said it, as if he would look them through. His
+mother, or at least his supposed mother, being very poor, frequently
+went out a chareing, and left him a whole day together. The neighbours,
+out of curiosity, have often looked in at the window, to see how he
+behaved while alone; which, whenever they did, they were sure to find
+him laughing, and in the utmost delight. This made them judge that he
+was not without company, more pleasing to him than any mortals could be;
+and what made this conjecture seem the more reasonable, was, that if he
+were left ever so dirty, the woman, at her return, saw him with a clean
+face, and his hair combed with the utmost exactness and nicety." P. 128.
+
+Waldron gives another account of a poor woman, to whose offspring, it
+would seem, the Fairies had taken a special fancy. A few nights after
+she was delivered of her first child, the family were alarmed by a
+dreadful cry of "Fire!" All flew to the door, while the mother lay
+trembling in bed, unable to protect her infant, which was snatched from
+the bed by an invisible hand. Fortunately the return of the gossips,
+after the causeless alarm, disturbed the Fairies, who dropped the child,
+which was found sprawling and shrieking upon the threshold. At the good
+woman's second _accouchement_, a tumult was heard in the cow-house,
+which drew thither the whole assistants. They returned, when they found
+that all was quiet among the cattle, and lo! the second child had been
+carried from the bed, and dropped in the middle of the lane. But, upon
+the third occurrence of the same kind, the company were again decoyed
+out of the sick woman's chamber by a false alarm, leaving only a nurse,
+who was detained by the bonds of sleep. On this last occasion, the
+mother plainly saw her child removed, though the means were invisible.
+She screamed for assistance to the nurse; but the old lady had partaken
+too deeply of the cordials which circulate on such joyful occasions, to
+be easily awakened. In short, the child was this time fairly carried
+off, and a withered, deformed creature, left in its stead, quite naked,
+with the clothes of the abstracted infant, rolled in a bundle, by its
+side. This creature lived nine years, ate nothing but a few herbs,
+and neither spoke, stood, walked nor performed any other functions
+of mortality; resembling, in all respects, the changeling already
+mentioned.--WALDRON'S _Works, ibid._
+
+But the power of the Fairies was not confined to unchristened children
+alone; it was supposed frequently to extend to full grown persons,
+especially such as, in an unlucky hour, were devoted to the devil by the
+execration of parents, and of masters;[A] or those who were found asleep
+under a rock, or on a green hill, belonging to the Fairies, after
+sun-set; or, finally, to those who unwarily joined their orgies. A
+tradition existed, during the seventeenth century, concerning an
+ancestor of the noble family of Duffus, who, "walking abroad in the
+fields, near to his own house, was suddenly carried away, and found the
+next day at Paris, in the French king's cellar, with a silver cup in his
+hand. Being brought into the king's presence, and questioned by him who
+he was, and how he came thither, he told his name, his country, and the
+place of his residence; and that, on such a day of the month, which
+proved to be the day immediately preceding, being in the fields, he
+heard the noise of a whirlwind, and of voices, crying, _'Horse and
+Hattock!'_ (this is the word which the Fairies are said to use when they
+remove from any place), whereupon he cried, _'Horse and Hattock'_ also,
+and was immediately caught up, and transported through the air, by the
+Fairies, to that place, where, after he had drunk heartily, he fell
+asleep, and, before he woke, the rest of the company were gone, and had
+left him in the posture wherein he was found. It is said the king gave
+him the cup, which was found in his hand, and dismissed him." The
+narrator affirms, "that the cup was still preserved, and known by the
+name of the _Fairy cup_." He adds, that Mr Steward, tutor to the then
+Lord Duffus, had informed him, "that, when a boy, at the school of
+Forres, he, and his school-fellows, were upon a time whipping their tops
+in the church-yard, before the door of the church, when, though the day
+was calm, they heard a noise of a wind, and at some distance saw
+the small dust begin to rise and turn round, which motion continued
+advancing till it came to the place where they were, whereupon they
+began to bless themselves; but one of their number being, it seems, a
+little more bold and confident than his companions, said, _'Horse and
+Hattock, with my top,'_ and immediately they all saw the top lifted up
+from the ground, but could not see which way it was carried, by reason
+of a cloud of dust which was raised at the same time. They sought for
+the top all about the place where it was taken up, but in vain; and
+it was found afterwards in the church-yard, on the other side of the
+church."--This puerile legend is contained in a letter from a learned
+gentleman in Scotland, to Mr Aubrey, dated 15th March, 1695, published
+in AUBREY'S _Miscellanies,_ p. 158.
+
+[Footnote A: This idea is not peculiar to the Gothic tribes, but extends
+to those of Sclavic origin. Tooke (_History of Russia,_ Vol. I. p.
+100) relates, that the Russian peasants believe the nocturnal daemon,
+_Kikimora_, to have been a child, whom the devil stole out of the womb
+of its mother, because she had cursed it. They also assert, that if
+an execration against a child be spoken in an evil hour, the child is
+carried off by the devil. The beings, so stolen, are neither fiends nor
+men; they are invisible, and afraid of the cross and holy water; but, on
+the other hand, in their nature and dispositions they resemble mankind,
+whom they love, and rarely injure.]
+
+Notwithstanding the special example of Lord Duffus, and of the top, it
+is the common opinion, that persons, falling under the power of the
+Fairies, were only allowed to revisit the haunts of men, after
+seven years had expired. At the end of seven years more, they again
+disappeared, after which they were seldom seen among mortals. The
+accounts they gave of their situation, differ in some particulars.
+Sometimes they were represented as leading a life of constant
+restlessness, and wandering by moon-light. According to others, they
+inhabited a pleasant region, where, however, their situation was
+rendered horrible, by the sacrifice of one or more individuals to the
+devil, every seventh year. This circumstance is mentioned in Alison
+Pearson's indictment, and in the _Tale of the Young Tamlane,_ where
+it is termed, "the paying the kane to hell," or, according to some
+recitations, "the teind," or tenth. This is the popular reason assigned
+for the desire of the Fairies to abstract young children, as substitutes
+for themselves in this dreadful tribute. Concerning the mode of winning,
+or recovering, persons abstracted by the Fairies, tradition differs; but
+the popular opinion, contrary to what may be inferred from the following
+tale, supposes, that the recovery must be effected within a year and a
+day, to be held legal in the Fairy court. This feat, which was reckoned
+an enterprize of equal difficulty and danger, could only be accomplished
+on Hallowe'en, at the great annual procession of the Fairy court.[A]
+Of this procession the following description is found in Montgomery's
+_Flyting against Polwart,_ apud _Watson's Collection of Scots Poems,_
+1709, Part III. p. 12.
+
+  In the hinder end of harvest, on All-hallowe'en,
+    When our _good neighbours_ dois ride, if I read right.
+  Some buckled on a bunewand, and some on a been,
+    Ay trottand in tronps from the twilight;
+  Some saidled a she-ape, all grathed into green,
+    Some hobland on a hemp-stalk, hovand to the hight;
+  The king of Pharie and his court, with the Elf queen,
+    With many elfish incubus was ridand that night.
+  There an elf on an ape, an unsel begat.
+    Into a pot by Pomathorne;
+    That bratchart in a busse was born;
+    They fand a monster on the morn,
+  War faced nor a cat.
+
+[Footnote A: See the inimitable poem of Hallowe'en:--
+
+  "Upon that night, when Fairies light
+    On Cassilis Downan dance;
+  Or o'er the leas, in splendid blaze,
+    On stately coursers prance," &c.    _Burns._]
+
+The catastrophe of _Tamlane_ terminated more successfully than that of
+other attempts, which tradition still records. The wife of a farmer in
+Lothian had been carried off by the Fairies, and, during the year of
+probation, repeatedly appeared on Sunday, in the midst of her children,
+combing their hair. On one of these occasions she was accosted by
+her husband; when she related to him the unfortunate event which had
+separated them, instructed him by what means he might win her, and
+exhorted him to exert all his courage, since her temporal and eternal
+happiness depended on the success of his attempt. The farmer, who
+ardently loved his wife, set out on Hallow-e'en and, in the midst of a
+plot of furze, waited impatiently for the procession of the Fairies. At
+the ringing of the Fairy bridles, and the wild unearthly sound which
+accompanied the cavalcade, his heart failed him, and he suffered the
+ghostly train to pass by without interruption. When the last had rode
+past, the whole troop vanished, with loud shouts of laughter and
+exultation; among which he plainly discovered the voice of his wife,
+lamenting that he had lost her for ever.
+
+A similar, but real incident, took place at the town of North Berwick,
+within the memory of man. The wife of a man, above the lowest class of
+society, being left alone in the house, a few days after delivery, was
+attacked and carried off by one of those convulsion fits, incident to
+her situation. Upon the return of the family, who had been engaged in
+hay-making, or harvest, they found the corpse much disfigured. This
+circumstance, the natural consequence of her disease, led some of the
+spectators to think that she had been carried off by the Fairies,
+and that the body before them was some elfin deception. The husband,
+probably, paid little attention to this opinion at the time. The body
+was interred, and, after a decent time had elapsed, finding his domestic
+affairs absolutely required female superintendence, the widower paid
+his addresses to a young woman in the neighbourhood. The recollection,
+however, of his former wife, whom he had tenderly loved, haunted his
+slumbers; and, one morning, he came to the clergyman of the parish in
+the utmost dismay, declaring, that she had appeared to him the preceding
+night, informed him that she was a captive in Fairy Land, and conjured
+him to attempt her deliverance. She directed him to bring the minister,
+and certain other persons, whom she named, to her grave at midnight. Her
+body was then to be dug up, and certain prayers recited; after which the
+corpse was to become animated, and fly from them. One of the assistants,
+the swiftest runner in the parish, was to pursue the body; and, if he
+was able to seize it, before it had thrice encircled the church, the
+rest were to come to his assistance, and detain it, in spite of the
+struggles it should use, and the various shapes into which it might be
+transformed. The redemption of the abstracted person was then to become
+complete. The minister, a sensible man, argued with his parishioner upon
+the indecency and absurdity of what was proposed, and dismissed him.
+Next Sunday, the banns being for the first time proclaimed betwixt the
+widower and his new bride, his former wife, very naturally, took the
+opportunity of the following night to make him another visit, yet more
+terrific than the former. She upbraided him with his incredulity, his
+fickleness, and his want of affection; and, to convince him that her
+appearance was no aërial illusion, she gave suck, in his presence, to
+her youngest child. The man, under the greatest horror of mind, had
+again recourse to the pastor; and his ghostly counsellor fell upon
+an admirable expedient to console him. This was nothing less than
+dispensing with the further solemnity of banns, and marrying him,
+without an hour's delay, to the young woman to whom he was affianced;
+after which no spectre again disturbed his repose.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Having concluded these general observations upon the Fairy superstition,
+which, although minute, may not, I hope, be deemed altogether
+uninteresting, I proceed to the more particular illustrations, relating
+to the _Tale of the Young Tamlane._
+
+The following ballad, still popular in Ettrick Forest, where the scene
+is laid, is certainly of much greater antiquity than its phraseology,
+gradually modernized as transmitted by tradition, would seem to denote.
+The _Tale of the Young Tamlane_ is mentioned in the _Complaynt of
+Scotland;_ and the air, to which it was chaunted, seems to have been
+accommodated to a particular dance; for the dance of _Thorn of
+Lynn_, another variation of _Thomalin_, likewise occurs in the same
+performance. Like every popular subject, it seems to have been
+frequently parodied; and a burlesque ballad, beginning
+
+  "Tom o' the Linn was a Scotsman born,"
+
+is still well known.
+
+In a medley, contained in a curious and ancient MS. cantus, _penes_ J.G.
+Dalyell, Esq., there is an allusion to our ballad:--
+
+  "Sing young Thomlin, be merry, be merry, and twice so merry."
+
+In _Scottish Songs_, 1774, a part of the original tale was published,
+under the title of _Kerton Ha';_ a corruption of Carterhaugh; and,
+in the same collection, there is a fragment, containing two or three
+additional verses, beginning,
+
+  "I'll wager, I'll wager, I'll wager with you," &c.
+
+In Johnson's _Musical Museum_, a more complete copy occurs, under the
+title of _Thom Linn_, which, with some alterations was reprinted in the
+_Tales of Wonder_.
+
+The present edition is the most perfect which has yet appeared; being
+prepared from a collation of the printed copies, with a very accurate
+one in Glenriddell's MSS., and with several recitals from tradition.
+Some verses are omitted in this edition, being ascertained to belong to
+a separate ballad, which will be found in a subsequent part of the work.
+In one recital only, the well known fragment of the _Wee, wee Man_,
+was introduced, in the same measure with the rest of the poem. It was
+retained in the first edition, but is now omitted; as the editor has
+been favoured, by the learned Mr Ritson, with a copy of the original
+poem, of which it is a detached fragment. The editor has been enabled to
+add several verses of beauty and interest to this edition of _Tamlane_,
+in consequence of a copy, obtained from a gentleman residing near
+Langholm, which is said to be very ancient, though the diction is
+somewhat of a modern cast. The manners of the Fairies are detailed at
+considerable length, and in poetry of no common merit.
+
+Carterhaugh is a plain, at the conflux of the Ettrick and Yarrow, in
+Selkirkshire, about a mile above Selkirk, and two miles below Newark
+Castle; a romantic ruin, which overhangs the Yarrow, and which is said
+to have been the habitation of our heroine's father, though others place
+his residence in the tower of Oakwood. The peasants point out, upon the
+plain, those electrical rings, which vulgar credulity supposes to be
+traces of the Fairy revels. Here, they say, were placed the stands of
+milk, and of water, in which _Tamlane_ was dipped, in order to effect
+the disenchantment; and upon these spots, according to their mode of
+expressing themselves, the grass will never grow. Miles Cross (perhaps a
+corruption of Mary's Cross), where fair Janet waited the arrival of the
+Fairy train, is said to have stood near the duke of Buccleuch's seat of
+Bowhill, about half a mile from Carterhaugh. In no part of Scotland,
+indeed, has the belief in Fairies maintained its ground with more
+pertinacity than in Selkirkshire. The most sceptical among the lower
+ranks only venture to assert, that their appearances, and mischievous
+exploits, have ceased, or at least become infrequent, since the light of
+the Gospel was diffused in its purity. One of their frolics is said to
+have happened late in the last century. The victim of elfin sport was a
+poor man, who, being employed in pulling heather upon Peatlaw, a hill
+not far from Carterhaugh, had tired of his labour, and laid him down
+to sleep upon a Fairy ring.--When he awakened, he was amazed to find
+himself in the midst of a populous city, to which, as well as to the
+means of his transportation, he was an utter stranger. His coat was left
+upon the Peatlaw; and his bonnet, which had fallen off in the course of
+his aërial journey, was afterwards found hanging upon the steeple of
+the church of Lanark. The distress of the poor man was, in some degree,
+relieved, by meeting a carrier, whom he had formerly known, and who
+conducted him back to Selkirk, by a slower conveyance than had whirled
+him to Glasgow.--That he had been carried off by the Fairies, was
+implicitly believed by all, who did not reflect, that a man may have
+private reasons for leaving his own country, and for disguising his
+having intentionally done so.
+
+
+
+THE YOUNG TAMLANE
+
+
+  O I forbid ye, maidens a',
+    That wear gowd on your hair,
+  To come or gae by Carterhaugh;
+    For young Tamlane is there.
+
+  There's nane, that gaes by Carterhaugh,
+    But maun leave him a wad;
+  Either goud rings or green mantles,
+    Or else their maidenheid.
+
+  Now, gowd rings ye may buy, maidens,
+    Green mantles ye may spin;
+  But, gin ye lose your maidenheid,
+    Ye'll ne'er get that agen.
+
+  But up then spak her, fair Janet,
+    The fairest o' a' her kin;
+  "I'll cum and gang to Carterhaugh,
+    "And ask nae leave o' him."
+
+  Janet has kilted her green kirtle,[A]
+    A little abune her knee;
+  And she has braided her yellow hair,
+    A little abune her bree.
+
+  And when she cam to Carterhaugh,
+    She gaed beside the well;
+  And there she fand his steed standing,
+    But away was himsell.
+
+  She hadna pu'd a red red rose,
+    A rose but barely three;
+  Till up and starts a wee wee man,
+    At Lady Janet's knee.
+
+  Says--"Why pu' ye the rose, Janet?
+    "What gars ye break the tree?
+  "Or why come ye to Carterhaugh,
+    "Withoutten leave o' me?"
+
+  Says--"Carterhaugh it is mine ain;
+    "My daddie gave it me;
+  "I'll come and gang to Carterhaugh,
+    "And ask nae leave o' thee."
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+    Amang the leaves sae green;
+  And what they did I cannot tell--
+    The green leaves were between.
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+    Amang the roses red;
+  And what they did I cannot say--
+    She ne'er returned a maid.
+
+  When she cam to her father's ha',
+    She looked pale and wan;
+  They thought she'd dried some sair sickness,
+    Or been wi' some leman.
+
+  She didna comb her yellow hair,
+    Nor make meikle o' her heid;
+  And ilka thing, that lady took,
+    Was like to be her deid.
+
+  Its four and twenty ladies fair
+    Were playing at the ba';
+  Janet, the wightest of them anes,
+    Was faintest o' them a'.
+
+  Four and twenty ladies fair
+    Were playing at the chess;
+  And out there came the fair Janet,
+    As green as any grass.
+
+  Out and spak an auld gray-headed knight,
+    Lay o'er the castle wa'--
+  "And ever alas! for thee, Janet,
+    "But we'll be blamed a'!"
+
+  "Now haud your tongue, ye auld gray knight!
+    "And an ill deid may ye die!
+  "Father my bairn on whom I will,
+    "I'll father nane on thee."
+
+  Out then spak her father dear,
+    And he spak meik and mild--
+  "And ever alas! my sweet Janet,
+    "I fear ye gae with child."
+
+  "And, if I be with child, father,
+    "Mysell maun bear the blame;
+  "There's ne'er a knight about your ha'
+    "Shall hae the bairnie's name.
+
+  "And if I be with child, father,
+    "'Twill prove a wondrous birth;
+  "For well I swear I'm not wi' bairn
+    "To any man on earth.
+
+  "If my love were an earthly knight,
+    "As he's an elfin grey,
+  "I wadna gie my ain true love
+    "For nae lord that ye hae."
+
+  She princked hersell and prinn'd hersell,
+    By the ae light of the moon,
+  And she's away to Carterhaugh,
+    To speak wi' young Tamlane.
+
+  And when she cam to Carterhaugh,
+    She gaed beside the well;
+  And there she saw the steed standing,
+    But away was himsell.
+
+  She hadna pu'd a double rose,
+    A rose but only twae,
+  When up and started young Tamlane,
+    Says--"Lady, thou pu's nae mae!
+
+  "Why pu' ye the rose, Janet,
+    "Within this garden grene,
+  "And a' to kill the bonny babe,
+    "That we got us between?"
+
+  "The truth ye'll tell to me, Tamlane;
+    "A word ye mauna lie;
+  "Gin ye're ye was in haly chapel,
+    "Or sained[B] in Christentie."
+
+  "The truth I'll tell to thee, Janet,
+    "A word I winna lie;
+  "A knight me got, and a lady me bore,
+    "As well as they did thee.
+
+  "Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,
+    "Dunbar, Earl March, is thine;
+  "We loved when we were children small,
+    "Which yet you well may mind.
+
+  "When I was a boy just turned of nine,
+    "My uncle sent for me,
+  "To hunt, and hawk, and ride with him,
+    "And keep him cumpanie.
+
+  "There came a wind out of the north,
+    "A sharp wind and a snell;
+  "And a dead sleep came over me,
+    "And frae my horse I fell.
+
+  "The Queen of Fairies keppit me,
+    "In yon green hill to dwell;
+  "And I'm a Fairy, lyth and limb;
+    "Fair ladye, view me well.
+
+  "But we, that live in Fairy-land,
+    "No sickness know, nor pain;
+  "I quit my body when I will,
+    "And take to it again.
+
+  "I quit my body when I please,
+    "Or unto it repair;
+  "We can inhabit, at our ease,
+    "In either earth or air.
+
+  "Our shapes and size we can convert,
+    "To either large or small;
+  "An old nut-shell's the same to us,
+    "As is the lofty hall.
+
+  "We sleep in rose-buds, soft and sweet,
+    "We revel in the stream;
+  "We wanton lightly on the wind,
+    "Or glide on a sunbeam.
+
+  "And all our wants are well supplied,
+    "From every rich man's store,
+  "Who thankless sins the gifts he gets,
+    "And vainly grasps for more.
+
+  "Then would I never tire, Janet,
+    "In elfish land to dwell;
+  "But aye at every seven years,
+    "They pay the teind to hell;
+  "And I am sae fat, and fair of flesh,
+    "I fear 'twill be mysell.
+
+  "This night is Hallowe'en, Janet,
+    "The morn is Hallowday;
+
+  "And, gin ye dare your true love win,
+    "Ye hae na time to stay.
+
+  "The night it is good Hallowe'en,
+    "When fairy folk will ride;
+  "And they, that wad their true love win,
+    "At Miles Cross they maun bide."
+
+  "But how shall I thee ken, Tamlane?
+    "Or how shall I thee knaw,
+  "Amang so many unearthly knights,
+    "The like I never saw.?"
+
+  "The first company, that passes by,
+    "Say na, and let them gae;
+  "The next company, that passes by,
+    "Say na, and do right sae;
+  "The third company, that passes by,
+    "Than I'll be ane o' thae.
+
+  "First let pass the black, Janet,
+    "And syne let pass the brown;
+  "But grip ye to the milk-white steed,
+    "And pu' the rider down.
+
+  "For I ride on the milk-white steed,
+    "And ay nearest the town;
+  "Because I was a christened knight,
+    "They gave me that renown.
+
+  "My right hand will be gloved, Janet,
+    "My left hand will be bare;
+  "And these the tokens I gie thee,
+    "Nae doubt I will be there.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "An adder and a snake;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass,
+    "Gin ye wad be my maik.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "An adder and an ask;
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A bale[C] that burns fast.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A red-hot gad o' aim;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass,
+    "For I'll do you no harm.
+
+  "First, dip me in a stand o' milk,
+    "And then in a stand o' water;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass--
+    "I'll be your bairn's father.
+
+  "And, next, they'll shape me in your arms,
+    "A toad, but and an eel;
+  "But had me fast, nor let me gang,
+    "As you do love me weel.
+
+  "They'll shape me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A dove, but and a swan;
+  "And, last, they'll shape me in your arms,
+    "A mother-naked man:
+  "Cast your green mantle over me--
+    "I'll be mysell again."
+
+  Gloomy, gloomy, was the night,
+    And eiry[D] was the way,
+  As fair Janet, in her green mantle,
+    To Miles Cross she did gae.
+
+  The heavens were black, the night was dark,
+    And dreary was the place;
+
+  But Janet stood, with eager wish,
+    Her lover to embrace.
+
+  Betwixt the hours of twelve and one,
+    A north wind tore the bent;
+  And straight she heard strange elritch sounds
+    Upon that wind which went.
+
+  About the dead hour o' the night,
+    She heard the bridles ring;
+  And Janet was as glad o' that,
+    As any earthly thing!
+
+  Their oaten pipes blew wondrous shrill,
+    The hemlock small blew clear;
+  And louder notes from hemlock large,
+    And bog-reed struck the ear;
+  But solemn sounds, or sober thoughts,
+    The Fairies cannot bear.
+
+  They sing, inspired with love and joy,
+    Like sky-larks in the air;
+  Of solid sense, or thought that's grave,
+    You'll find no traces there.
+
+  Fair Janet stood, with mind unmoved,
+    The dreary heath upon;
+  And louder, louder, wax'd the sound,
+    As they came riding on.
+
+  Will o' Wisp before them went,
+    Sent forth a twinkling light;
+  And soon she saw the Fairy bands
+    All riding in her sight.
+
+  And first gaed by the black black steed,
+    And then gaed by the brown;
+  But fast she gript the milk-white steed,
+    And pu'd the rider down.
+
+  She pu'd him frae the milk-white steed,
+    And loot the bridle fa';
+  And up there raise an erlish[E] cry--
+    "He's won amang us a'!"
+
+  They shaped him in fair Janet's arms,
+    An esk[F], but and an adder;
+  She held him fast in every shape--
+    To be her bairn's father.
+
+  They shaped him in her arms at last,
+    A mother-naked man;
+  She wrapt him in her green mantle,
+    And sae her true love wan.
+
+  Up then spake the Queen o' Fairies,
+    Out o' a bush o' broom--
+  "She that has borrowed young Tamlane,
+    Has gotten a stately groom."
+
+  Up then spake the Queen of Fairies,
+    Out o' a bush of rye--
+  "She's ta'en awa the bonniest knight
+    In a' my cumpanie.
+
+  "But had I kenn'd, Tamlane," she says,
+    "A lady wad borrowed thee--
+  "I wad ta'en out thy twa gray een,
+    "Put in twa een o' tree.
+
+  "Had I but kenn'd, Tamlane," she says,
+    "Before ye came frae hame--
+  "I wad tane out your heart o' flesh,
+    "Put in a heart o' stane.
+
+  "Had I but had the wit yestreen,
+    "That I hae coft[G] the day--
+  "I'd paid my kane seven times to hell,
+    "Ere you'd been won away!"
+
+[Footnote A: The ladies are always represented, in Dunbar's Poems, with
+green mantles and yellow hair. _Maitland Poems,_ Vol. I. p. 45.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Sained_--Hallowed.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Bale_--A faggot.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Eiry_--Producing superstitious dread.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Erlish_--Elritch, ghastly.]
+
+[Footnote F: _Esk_--Newt.]
+
+[Footnote G: _Coft_--Bought.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE YOUNG TAMLANE.
+
+
+  _Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,
+  Dunbar, Earl March, is thine,_ &c.--P. 185, v. 5.
+
+Both these mighty chiefs were connected with Ettrick Forest, and its
+vicinity. Their memory, therefore, lived in the traditions of the
+country. Randolph, earl of Murray, the renowned nephew of Robert Bruce,
+had a castle at Ha' Guards, in Annandale, and another in Peebles-shire,
+on the borders of the forest, the site of which is still called
+Randall's Walls. Patrick of Dunbar, earl of March, is said by Henry the
+Minstrel, to have retreated to Ettrick Forest, after being defeated by
+Wallace.
+
+  _And all our wants are well supplied,
+    From every rich man's store;
+  Who thankless sins the gifts he gets, &c._--P. 187. v. 3.
+
+To _sin our gifts, or mercies_, means, ungratefully to hold them in
+slight esteem. The idea, that the possessions of the wicked are most
+obnoxious to the depredations of evil spirits, may be illustrated by the
+following tale of a _Buttery Spirit_, extracted from Thomas Heywood:--
+
+An ancient and virtuous monk came to visit his nephew, an inn-keeper,
+and, after other discourse, enquired into his circumstances. Mine host
+confessed, that, although he practised all the unconscionable tricks of
+his trade, he was still miserably poor. The monk shook his head, and
+asked to see his buttery, or larder. As they looked into it, he rendered
+visible to the astonished host an immense goblin, whose paunch,
+and whole appearance, bespoke his being gorged with food, and who,
+nevertheless, was gormandizing at the innkeeper's expence, emptying
+whole shelves of food, and washing it down with entire hogsheads of
+liquor. "To the depredation of this visitor will thy viands be exposed,"
+quoth the uncle, "until thou shalt abandon fraud, and false reckonings."
+The monk returned in a year. The host having turned over a new leaf, and
+given christian measure to his customers, was now a thriving man. When
+they again inspected the larder, they saw the same spirit, but woefully
+reduced in size, and in vain attempting to reach at the full plates and
+bottles, which stood around him; starving, in short, like Tantalus, in
+the midst of plenty. Honest Heywood sums up the tale thus:
+
+  In this discourse, far be it we should mean
+  Spirits by meat are fatted made, or lean;
+  Yet certain 'tis, by God's permission, they
+  May, over goods extorted, bear like sway.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  All such as study fraud, and practise evil,
+  Do only starve themselves to plumpe the devill.
+      _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 577.
+
+
+
+ERLINTON. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad is published from the collation of two copies, obtained from
+recitation. It seems to be the rude original, or perhaps a corrupted
+and imperfect copy, of _The Child of Elle_, a beautiful legendary tale,
+published in the _Reliques of Ancient Poetry_. It is singular, that
+this charming ballad should have been translated, or imitated, by the
+celebrated Bürger, without acknowledgment of the English original. As
+_The Child of Elle_ avowedly received corrections, we may ascribe its
+greatest beauties to the poetical taste of the ingenious editor. They
+are in the truest stile of Gothic embellishment. We may compare, for
+example, the following beautiful verse, with the same idea in an old
+romance:
+
+  The baron stroked his dark-brown cheek,
+    And turned his face aside,
+  To wipe away the starting tear,
+    He proudly strove to hide!
+      _Child of Elle._
+
+The heathen Soldan, or Amiral, when about to slay two lovers, relents in
+a similar manner:
+
+  Weeping, he turned his heued awai,
+  And his swerde hit fel to grounde.
+      _Florice and Blauncheflour._
+
+
+
+ERLINTON.
+
+
+  Erlinton had a fair daughter,
+    I wat he weird her in a great sin,[A]
+  For he has built a bigly bower,
+    An' a' to put that lady in.
+
+  An' he has warn'd her sisters six,
+    An' sae has he her brethren se'en,
+  Outher to watch her a' the night,
+    Or else to seek her morn an' e'en.
+
+  She hadna been i' that bigly bower,
+    Na not a night, but barely ane,
+  Till there was Willie, her ain true love,
+    Chapp'd at the door, cryin', "Peace within!"
+
+  "O whae is this at my bower door,
+    "That chaps sae late, nor kens the gin?"[B]
+  "O it is Willie, your ain true love,
+    "I pray you rise an' let me in!"
+
+  "But in my bower there is a wake,
+    "An' at the wake there is a wane;[C]
+  "But I'll come to the green-wood the morn,
+    "Whar blooms the brier by mornin' dawn."
+
+  Then she's gane to her bed again,
+    Where she has layen till the cock crew thrice,
+  Then she said to her sisters a',
+    "Maidens, 'tis time for us to rise."
+
+  She pat on her back a silken gown,
+    An' on her breast a siller pin,
+  An' she's tane a sister in ilka hand,
+    An' to the green-wood she is gane.
+
+  She hadna walk'd in the green-wood,
+    Na not a mile but barely ane,
+  Till there was Willie, her ain true love,
+    Whae frae her sisters has her ta'en.
+
+  He took her sisters by the hand,
+    He kiss'd them baith, an' sent them hame,
+  An' he's ta'en his true love him behind,
+    And through the green-wood they are gane.
+
+  They hadna ridden in the bonnie green-wood,
+    Na not a mile but barely ane,
+  When there came fifteen o' the boldest knights.
+    That ever bare flesh, blood, or bane.
+
+  The foremost was an aged knight,
+    He wore the grey hair on his chin,
+  Says, "Yield to me thy lady bright,
+    "An' thou shalt walk the woods within."
+
+  "For me to yield my lady bright
+    "To such an aged knight as thee,
+  "People wad think I war gane mad,
+    "Or a' the courage flown frae me."
+
+  But up then spake the second knight,
+    I wat he spake right boustouslie,
+  "Yield me thy life, or thy lady bright,
+    "Or here the tane of us shall die."
+
+  "My lady is my warld's meed;
+    "My life I winna yield to nane;
+  "But if ye be men of your manhead,
+    "Ye'll only fight me ane by ane."
+
+  He lighted aff his milk-white steed,
+    An' gae his lady him by the head,
+  Say'n, "See ye dinna change your cheer;
+    "Until ye see my body bleed."
+
+  He set his back unto an aik,
+    He set his feet against a stane,
+  An' he has fought these fifteen men,
+    An' kill'd them a' but barely ane;
+  For he has left that aged knight,
+    An' a' to carry the tidings hame.
+
+  When he gaed to his lady fair,
+    I wat he kiss'd her tenderlie;
+  "Thou art mine ain love, I have thee bought;
+    "Now we shall walk the green-wood free."
+
+[Footnote A: _Weird her in a great sin_--Placed her in danger of
+committing a great sin.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Gin_--The slight or trick necessary to open the door, from
+engine.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Wane_--A number of people.]
+
+
+
+THE TWA CORBIES.
+
+
+This poem was communicated to me by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq.
+jun. of Hoddom, as written down, from tradition, by a lady. It is a
+singular circumstance, that it should coincide so very nearly with the
+ancient dirge, called _The Three Ravens_, published by Mr Ritson, in his
+_Ancient Songs;_ and that, at the same time, there should exist such a
+difference, as to make the one appear rather a counterpart than copy of
+the other. In order to enable the curious reader to contrast these two
+singular poems, and to form a judgment which may be the original, I take
+the liberty of copying the English ballad from Mr Ritson's Collection,
+omitting only the burden and repetition of the first line. The learned
+editor states it to be given _"From Ravencroft's Metismata. Musical
+phansies, fitting the cittie and country, humours to 3, 4, and 5
+voyces,_ London, 1611, 4to. It will be obvious (continues Mr Ritson)
+that this ballad is much older, not only than the date of the book, but
+most of the other pieces contained in it." The music is given with the
+words, and is adapted to four voices:
+
+  There were three rauens sat on a tre,
+  They were as blacke as they might be:
+
+  The one of them said to his mate,
+  "Where shall we our breakfast take?"
+
+  "Downe in yonder greene field,
+  "There lies a knight slain under his shield;
+
+  "His hounds they lie downe at his feete,
+  "So well they their master keepe;
+
+  "His haukes they flie so eagerly,
+  "There's no fowle dare come him nie.
+
+  "Down there comes a fallow doe,
+  "As great with yong as she might goe,
+
+  "She lift up his bloudy hed,
+  "And kist his wounds that were so red.
+
+  "She got him up upon her backe,
+  "And carried him to earthen lake.
+
+  "She buried him before the prime,
+  "She was dead her selfe ere euen song time.
+
+  "God send euery gentleman,
+  "Such haukes, such houndes, and such a leman.
+      _Ancient Songs,_ 1792, p. 155.
+
+I have seen a copy of this dirge much modernized.
+
+
+
+THE TWA CORBIES.
+
+
+  As I was walking all alane,
+  I heard twa corbies making a mane;
+  The tane unto the t'other say,
+  "Where sall we gang and dine to-day?"
+
+  "In behint yon auld fail[A] dyke,
+  "I wot there lies a new slain knight;
+  "And nae body kens that he lies there,
+  "But his hawk, his hound, and lady fair.
+
+  "His hound is to the hunting gane,
+  "His hawk to fetch the wild-fowl hame,
+  "His lady's ta'en another mate,
+  "So we may mak our dinner sweet.
+
+  "Ye'll sit on his white hause bane,
+  "And I'll pike out his bonny blue een:
+  "Wi' ae lock o' his gowden hair,
+  "We'll theek[B] our nest when it grows bare.
+
+  "Mony a one for him makes mane,
+  "But nane sall ken whare he is gane:
+  "O'er his white banes, when they are bare,
+  "The wind sall blaw for evermair."
+
+[Footnote A: _Fail_--Turf.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Theek_--Thatch.]
+
+
+
+THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.
+
+
+The ballad of _The Douglas Tragedy_ is one of the few, to which popular
+tradition has ascribed complete locality. The farm of Blackhouse, in
+Selkirkshire, is said to have been the scene of this melancholy
+event. There are the remains of a very ancient tower, adjacent to
+the farmhouse, in a wild and solitary glen, upon a torrent, named
+Douglas-burn, which joins the Yarrow, after passing a craggy rock,
+called the Douglas-craig. This wild scene, now a part of the Traquair
+estate, formed one of the most ancient possessions of the renowned
+family of Douglas; for Sir John Douglas, eldest son of William,
+the first Lord Douglas, is said to have sat, as baronial lord of
+Douglas-burn, during his father's lifetime, in a parliament of Malcolm
+Canmore, held at Forfar.--GODSCROFT, Vol. I. p. 20. The tower appears to
+have been square, with a circular turret at one angle, for carrying up
+the staircase, and for flanking the entrance. It is said to have derived
+its name of Blackhouse from the complexion of the lords of Douglas,
+whose swarthy hue was a family attribute. But, when the high mountains,
+by which it is inclosed, were covered with heather, which was the case
+till of late years, Blackhouse must have also merited its appellation
+from the appearance of the scenery.
+
+From this ancient tower Lady Margaret is said to have been carried by
+her lover. Seven large stones, erected upon the neighbouring heights of
+Blackhouse, are shown, as marking the spot where the seven brethren were
+slain; and the Douglas-burn is averred to have been the stream, at which
+the lovers stopped to drink: so minute is tradition in ascertaining the
+scene of a tragical tale, which, considering the rude state of former
+times, had probably foundation in some real event.
+
+Many copies of this ballad are current among the vulgar, but chiefly in
+a state of great corruption; especially such as have been committed to
+the press in the shape of penny pamphlets. One of these is now before
+me, which, among many others, has the ridiculous error of "_blue gilded_
+horn," for "_bugelet_ horn." The copy, principally used in this edition
+of the ballad, was supplied by Mr Sharpe. The three last verses are
+given from the printed copy, and from tradition. The hackneyed verse, of
+the rose and the briar springing from the grave of the lovers, is common
+to most tragic ballads; but it is introduced into this with singular
+propriety, as the chapel of St Mary, whose vestiges may be still traced
+upon the lake, to which it has given name, is said to have been the
+burial place of Lord William and Fair Margaret. The wrath of the Black
+Douglas, which vented itself upon the brier, far surpasses the usual
+stanza:
+
+  At length came the clerk of the parish,
+    As you the truth shall hear,
+  And by mischance he cut them down,
+    Or else they had still been there.
+
+
+
+THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.
+
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, now, Lord Douglas," she says,
+    "And put on your armour so bright;
+  "Let it never be said, that a daughter of thine
+    "Was married to a lord under night.
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, my seven bold sons,
+    "And put on your armour so bright,
+  "And take better care of your youngest sister,
+    "For your eldest's awa the last night."
+
+  He's mounted her on a milk-white steed,
+    And himself on a dapple grey,
+  With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,
+    And lightly they rode away.
+
+  Lord William lookit o'er his left shoulder,
+    To see what he could see,
+  And there he spy'd her seven brethren bold
+    Come riding over the lee.
+
+  "Light down, light down, Lady Marg'ret," he said,
+    "And hold my steed in your hand,
+  "Until that against your seven brethren bold,
+    "And your father, I mak a stand."
+
+  She held his steed in her milk-white hand,
+    And never shed one tear,
+  Until that she saw her seven brethren fa',
+    And her father hard fighting, who lov'd her so dear.
+
+  "O hold your hand, Lord William!" she said,
+    "For your strokes they are wond'rous sair;
+  "True lovers I can get many a ane,
+    "But a father I can never get mair."
+
+  O she's ta'en out her handkerchief,
+    It was o' the holland sae fine,
+  And ay she dighted her father's bloody wounds,
+    That ware redder than the wine.
+
+  "O chuse, O chuse, Lady Marg'ret," he said,
+    "O whether will ye gang or bide?"
+  "I'll gang, I'll gang, Lord William," she said,
+    "For ye have left me no other guide."
+
+  He's lifted her on a milk-white steed,
+    And himself on a dapple grey,
+  With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,
+    And slowly they baith rade away.
+
+  O they rade on, and on they rade,
+    And a' by the light of the moon,
+  Until they came to yon wan water,
+    And there they lighted down.
+
+  They lighted down to tak a drink
+    Of the spring that ran sae clear;
+  And down the stream ran his gude heart's blood,
+    And sair she gan to fear.
+
+  "Hold up, hold up, Lord William," she says,
+    "For I fear that you are slain!"
+  "'Tis naething but the shadow of my scarlet cloak;
+    "That shines in the water sae plain."
+
+  O they rade on, and on they rade,
+    And a' by the light of the moon,
+  Until they cam' to his mother's ha' door,
+    And there they lighted down.
+
+  "Get up, get up, lady mother," he says,
+    "Get up, and let me in!--
+  "Get up, get up, lady mother," he says,
+    "For this night my fair lady I've win.
+
+  "O mak my bed, lady mother," he says,
+    "O mak it braid and deep!
+  "And lay Lady Marg'ret close at my back,
+    "And the sounder I will sleep."
+
+  Lord William was dead lang ere midnight,
+    Lady Marg'ret lang ere day--
+  And all true lovers that go thegither,
+    May they have mair luck than they!
+
+  Lord William was buried in St Marie's kirk,
+    Lady Margaret in Mary's quire;
+  Out o' the lady's grave grew a bonny red rose,
+    And out o' the knight's a brier.
+
+  And they twa met, and they twa plat,
+    And fain they wad be near;
+  And a' the warld might ken right weel,
+    They were twa lovers dear.
+
+  But bye and rade the Black Douglas,
+    And wow but he was rough!
+  For he pull'd up the bonny brier,
+    And flang'd in St Mary's loch.
+
+
+
+YOUNG BENJIE. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+In this ballad the reader will find traces of a singular superstition,
+not yet altogether discredited in the wilder parts of Scotland. The
+lykewake, or watching a dead body, in itself a melancholy office, is
+rendered, in the idea of the assistants, more dismally awful, by the
+mysterious horrors of superstition. In the interval betwixt death and
+interment, the disembodied spirit is supposed to hover around its mortal
+habitation, and, if invoked by certain rites, retains the power of
+communicating, through its organs, the cause of its dissolution. Such
+enquiries, however are always dangerous, and never to be resorted to
+unless the deceased is suspected to have suffered _foul play_, as it
+is called. It is the more unsafe to tamper with this charm, in an
+unauthorized manner; because the inhabitants of the infernal regions
+are, at such periods, peculiarly active. One of the most potent
+ceremonies in the charm, for causing the dead body to speak, is, setting
+the door ajar, or half open. On this account, the peasants of Scotland
+sedulously avoid leaving the door ajar, while a corpse lies in the
+house. The door must either be left wide open, or quite shut; but the
+first is always preferred, on account of the exercise of hospitality
+usual on such occasions. The attendants must be likewise careful never
+to leave the corpse for a moment alone, or, if it is left alone, to
+avoid, with a degree of superstitious horror, the first sight of it.
+The following story, which is frequently related by the peasants of
+Scotland, will illustrate the imaginary danger of leaving the door ajar.
+In former times, a man and his wife lived in a solitary cottage, on one
+of the extensive border fells. One day, the husband died suddenly; and
+his wife, who was equally afraid of staying alone by the corpse, or
+leaving the dead body by itself, repeatedly went to the door, and
+looked anxiously over the lonely moor, for the sight of some person
+approaching. In her confusion and alarm, she accidentally left the door
+ajar, when the corpse suddenly started up, and sat in the bed, frowning
+and grinning at her frightfully. She sat alone, crying bitterly, unable
+to avoid the fascination of the dead man's eye, and too much terrified
+to break the sullen silence, till a catholic priest, passing over the
+wild, entered the cottage. He first set the door quite open, then put
+his little finger in his mouth, and said the paternoster backwards; when
+the horrid look of the corpse relaxed, it fell back on the bed, and
+behaved itself as a dead man ought to do.
+
+The ballad is given from tradition.
+
+
+
+YOUNG BENJIE.
+
+
+  Of a' the maids o' fair Scotland,
+    The fairest was Marjorie;
+  And young Benjie was her ae true love,
+    And a dear true love was he.
+
+  And wow! but they were lovers dear,
+    And loved fu' constantlie;
+  But ay the mair when they fell out,
+    The sairer was their plea.[A]
+
+  And they hae quarrelled on a day,
+    Till Marjorie's heart grew wae;
+  And she said she'd chuse another luve,
+    And let young Benjie gae.
+
+  And he was stout,[B] and proud-hearted,
+    And thought o't bitterlie;
+  And he's ga'en by the wan moon-light,
+    To meet his Marjorie.
+
+  "O open, open, my true love,
+    "O open, and let me in!"
+  "I dare na open, young Benjie,
+    "My three brothers are within."
+
+  "Ye lied, ye lied, ye bonny burd,
+    "Sae loud's I hear ye lie;
+  "As I came by the Lowden banks,
+    "They bade gude e'en to me.
+
+  "But fare ye weel, my ae fause love,
+    "That I hae loved sae lang!
+  "It sets[C] ye chuse another love,
+    "And let young Benjie gang."
+
+  Then Marjorie turned her round about,
+    The tear blinding her ee,--
+  "I darena, darena, let thee in,
+    "But I'll come down to thee."
+
+  Then saft she smiled, and said to him,
+    "O what ill hae I done?"
+  He took her in his armis twa,
+    And threw her o'er the linn.
+
+  The stream was strang, the maid was stout,
+    And laith laith to be dang,[D]
+  But, ere she wan the Lowden banks,
+    Her fair colour was wan.
+
+  Then up bespak her eldest brother,
+    "O see na ye what I see?"
+  And out then spak her second brother,
+    "Its our sister Marjorie!"
+
+  Out then spak her eldest brother,
+    "O how shall we her ken?"
+  And out then spak her youngest brother,
+    "There's a honey mark on her chin."
+
+  Then they've ta'en up the comely corpse,
+    And laid it on the ground--
+  "O wha has killed our ae sister,
+    "And how can he be found?
+
+  "The night it is her low lykewake,
+    "The morn her burial day,
+  "And we maun watch at mirk midnight,
+    "And hear what she will say."
+
+  Wi' doors ajar, and candle light,
+    And torches burning clear;
+  The streikit corpse, till still midnight,
+    They waked, but naething hear.
+
+  About the middle o' the night.
+    The cocks began to craw;
+  And at the dead hour o' the night,
+    The corpse began to thraw.
+
+  "O wha has done the wrang, sister,
+    "Or dared the deadly sin?
+  "Wha was sae stout, and feared nae dout,
+    "As thraw ye o'er the linn?"
+
+  "Young Benjie was the first ae man
+    "I laid my love upon;
+  "He was sae stout and proud-hearted,
+    "He threw me o'er the linn."
+
+  "Sall we young Benjie head, sister,
+    "Sall we young Benjie hang,
+  "Or sall we pike out his twa gray een,
+    "And punish him ere he gang?"
+
+  "Ye mauna Benjie head, brothers,
+    "Ye mauna Benjie hang,
+  "But ye maun pike out his twa gray een,
+    "And punish him ere he gang.
+
+  "Tie a green gravat round his neck,
+    "And lead him out and in,
+  "And the best ae servant about your house
+    "To wait young Benjie on.
+
+  "And ay, at every seven year's end,
+    "Ye'll tak him to the linn;
+  "For that's the penance he maun drie,
+    "To scug[E] his deadly sin."
+
+[Footnote A: _Plea_--Used obliquely for _dispute_.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Stout_--Through this whole ballad, signifies _haughty_.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Sets ye_--Becomes you--ironical.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Dang_--defeated.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Scug_--shelter or expiate.]
+
+
+
+LADY ANNE.
+
+
+This ballad was communicated to me by Mr Kirkpatrick Sharpe of Hoddom,
+who mentions having copied it from an old magazine. Although it has
+probably received some modern corrections, the general turn seems to
+be ancient, and corresponds with that of a fragment, containing the
+following verses, which I have often heard sung in my childhood:--
+
+  She set her back against a thorn,
+  And there she has her young son borne;
+  "O smile nae sae, my bonny babe!
+  "An ye smile sae sweet, ye'll smile me dead."
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  An' when that lady went to the church,
+  She spied a naked boy in the porch,
+
+  "O bonnie boy, an' ye were mine,
+  "I'd clead ye in the silks sae fine."
+  "O mither dear, when I was thine,
+  "To me ye were na half sae kind."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Stories of this nature are very common in the annals of popular
+superstition. It is, for example, currently believed in Ettrick Forest,
+that a libertine, who had destroyed fifty-six inhabited houses, in order
+to throw the possessions of the cottagers into his estate, and who added
+to this injury, that of seducing their daughters, was wont to commit, to
+a carrier in the neighbourhood, the care of his illegitimate children,
+shortly after they were born. His emissary regularly carried them away,
+but they were never again heard of. The unjust and cruel gains of the
+profligate laird were dissipated by his extravagance, and the ruins of
+his house seem to bear witness to the truth of the rhythmical prophecies
+denounced against it, and still current among the peasantry. He himself
+died an untimely death; but the agent of his amours and crimes survived
+to extreme old age. When on his death-bed, he seemed much oppressed in
+mind, and sent for a clergyman to speak peace to his departing spirit:
+but, before the messenger returned, the man was in his last agony;
+and the terrified assistants had fled from his cottage, unanimously
+averring, that the wailing of murdered infants had ascended from behind
+his couch, and mingled with the groans of the departing sinner.
+
+
+
+LADY ANNE
+
+
+  Fair lady Anne sate in her bower,
+     Down by the greenwood side,
+  And the flowers did spring, and the birds did sing,
+     'Twas the pleasant May-day tide.
+
+  But fair lady Anne on sir William call'd,
+     With the tear grit in her e'e,
+  "O though thou be fause, may heaven thee guard,
+     "In the wars ayont the sea!"
+
+  Out of the wood came three bonnie boys,
+     Upon the simmer's morn,
+  And they did sing, and play at the ba',
+     As naked as they were born.
+
+  "O seven lang year was I sit here,
+     "Amang the frost and snaw,
+  "A' to hae but ane o' these bonnie boys,
+  "A playing at the ba'."
+
+  Then up and spake the eldest boy,
+     "Now listen, thou fair ladie!
+  "And ponder well the read that I tell,
+     "Then make ye a choice of the three.
+
+  "'Tis I am Peter, and this is Paul,
+     "And that are, sae fair to see,
+  "But a twelve-month sinsyne to paradise came,
+     "To join with our companie."
+
+  "O I will hae the snaw-white boy,
+     "The bonniest of the three."
+  "And if I were thine, and in thy propine,[A]
+     "O what wad ye do to me?"
+
+  "'Tis I wad clead thee in silk and gowd,
+     "And nourice thee on my knee."
+  "O mither! mither! when I was thine,
+     "Sic kindness I could na see.
+
+  "Before the turf, where I now stand,
+     "The fause nurse buried me;
+  "Thy cruel penknife sticks still in my heart,
+     "And I come not back to thee."
+
+[Footnote A: _Propine_--Usually gift, but here the power of giving or
+bestowing.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+LORD WILLIAM
+
+
+This ballad was communicated to me by Mr James Hogg; and, although it
+bears a strong resemblance to that of _Earl Richard_, so strong, indeed,
+as to warrant a supposition, that the one has been derived from the
+other, yet its intrinsic merit seems to warrant its insertion. Mr Hogg
+has added the following note, which, in the course of my enquiries, I
+have found most fully corroborated.
+
+"I am fully convinced of the antiquity of this song; for, although much
+of the language seems somewhat modernized, this must be attributed
+to its currency, being much liked, and very much sung, in this
+neighbourhood. I can trace it back several generations, but cannot
+hear of its ever having been in print. I have never heard it with any
+considerable variation, save that one reciter called the dwelling of the
+feigned sweetheart, _Castleswa_."
+
+
+
+LORD WILLIAM
+
+
+  Lord William was the bravest knight
+     That dwait in fair Scotland,
+  And, though renowned in France and Spain,
+     Fell by a ladie's hand.
+
+  As she was walking maid alone,
+    Down by yon shady wood.
+  She heard a smit[A] o' bridle reins,
+    She wish'd might be for good.
+
+  "Come to my arms, my dear Willie,
+     "You're welcome hame to me;
+  "To best o' chear and charcoal red,[B]
+  "And candle burnin' free."
+
+  "I winna light, I darena light,
+     "Nor come to your arms at a';
+  "A fairer maid than ten o' you,
+     "I'll meet at Castle-law."
+
+  "A fairer maid than me, Willie!
+     "A fairer maid than me!
+  "A fairer maid than ten o' me,
+     "Your eyes did never see."
+
+  He louted owr his saddle lap,
+     To kiss her ere they part,
+  And wi' a little keen bodkin,
+     She pierced him to the heart.
+
+  "Ride on, ride on, lord William, now,
+     "As fast as ye can dree!
+  "Your bonny lass at Castle-law
+     "Will weary you to see."
+
+  Out up then spake a bonny bird,
+     Sat high upon a tree,--
+  How could you kill that noble lord?
+     "He came to marry thee."
+
+  "Come down, come down, my bonny bird,
+     "And eat bread aff my hand!
+  "Your cage shall be of wiry goud,
+     "Whar now its but the wand."
+
+  "Keep ye your cage o' goud, lady,
+     "And I will keep my tree;
+  "As ye hae done to lord William.,
+     "Sae wad ye do to me."
+
+  She set her foot on her door step,
+     A bonny marble stane;
+  And carried him to her chamber,
+     O'er him to make her mane.
+
+  And she has kept that good lord's corpse
+     Three quarters of a year,
+  Until that word began to spread,
+     Then she began to fear.
+
+  Then she cried on her waiting maid,
+     Ay ready at her ca';
+  "There is a knight unto my bower,
+     "'Tis time he were awa."
+
+  The ane has ta'en him by the head,
+     The ither by the feet,
+  And thrown him in the wan water,
+     That ran baith wide and deep.
+
+  "Look back, look back, now, lady fair,
+     "On him that lo'ed ye weel!
+  "A better man than that blue corpse
+     "Ne'er drew a sword of steel."
+
+[Footnote A: _Smit_--Clashing noise, from smite--hence also _(perhaps)_
+Smith and Smithy.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Charcoal red_--This circumstance marks the antiquity of
+the poem. While wood was plenty in Scotland, charcoal was the usual fuel
+in the chambers of the wealthy.]
+
+
+
+THE BROOMFIELD HILL.
+
+
+The concluding verses of this ballad were inserted in the copy of
+_Tamlane_, given to the public in the first edition of this work. They
+are now restored to their proper place. Considering how very apt the
+most accurate reciters are to patch up one ballad with verses from
+another, the utmost caution cannot always avoid such errors.
+
+A more sanguine antiquary than the editor might perhaps endeavour to
+identify this poem, which is of undoubted antiquity, with the _"Broom
+Broom on Hill,"_ mentioned by Lane, in his _Progress of Queen Elizabeth
+into Warwickshire_, as forming part of Captain's Cox's collection,
+so much envied by the black-letter antiquaries of the present
+day.--_Dugdale's Warwickshire,_ p. 166. The same ballad is quoted by one
+of the personages, in a "very mery and pythie comedie," called _"The
+longer thou livest, the more fool thou art."_ See Ritson's Dissertation,
+prefixed to _Ancient Songs,_ p. lx. "Brume brume on hill," is also
+mentioned in the _Complayat of Scotland_. See Leyden's edition, p. 100.
+
+
+
+THE BROOMFIELD HILL.
+
+  There was a knight and a lady bright,
+   Had a true tryste at the broom;
+  The ane ga'ed early in the morning,
+   The other in the afternoon.
+
+  And ay she sat in her mother's bower door,
+   And ay she made her mane,
+  "Oh whether should I gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "Or should I stay at hame?
+
+  "For if I gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "My maidenhead is gone;
+  "And if I chance to stay at hame,
+   "My love will ca' me mansworn."
+
+  Up then spake a witch woman,
+   Ay from the room aboon;
+  "O, ye may gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "And yet come maiden hame.
+
+  "For, when ye gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "Ye'll find your love asleep,
+  "With a silver-belt about his head,
+   "And a broom-cow at his feet.
+
+  "Take ye the blossom of the broom,
+   "The blossom it smells sweet,
+  "And strew it at your true love's head,
+   "And likewise at his feet.
+
+  "Take ye the rings off your fingers,
+   "Put them on his right hand,
+  "To let him know, when he doth awake,
+   "His love was at his command."
+
+  She pu'd the broom flower on Hive-hill,
+   And strew'd on's white hals bane,
+  And that was to be wittering true,
+   That maiden she had gane.
+
+  "O where were ye, my milk-white steed,
+   "That I hae coft sae dear,
+  "That wadna watch and waken me,
+   "When there was maiden here?"
+
+  "I stamped wi' my foot, master,
+   "And gar'd my bridle ring;
+  "But na kin' thing wald waken ye,
+   "Till she was past and gane."
+
+  "And wae betide ye, my gay goss hawk,
+   "That I did love sae dear,
+  "That wadna watch and waken me,
+   "When there was maiden here."
+
+  "I clapped wi' my wings, master,
+   "And aye my bells I rang,
+  "And aye cry'd, waken, waken, master,
+   "Before the ladye gang."
+
+  "But haste and haste, my good white steed,
+   "To come the maiden till,
+  "Or a' the birds, of gude green wood,
+   "Of your flesh shall have their fill."
+
+  "Ye need na burst your good white steed,
+   "Wi' racing o'er the howm;
+  "Nae bird flies faster through the wood,
+   "Than she fled through the broom."
+
+
+
+PROUD LADY MARGARET.
+
+
+_This Ballad was communicated to the Editor by Mr_ HAMILTON,
+_Music-seller, Edinburgh, with whose Mother it had been a, favourite.
+Two verses and one line were wanting, which are here supplied from a
+different Ballad, having a plot somewhat similar. These verses are the
+6th and 9th._
+
+
+  'Twas on a night, an evening bright,
+    When the dew began to fa',
+  Lady Margaret was walking up and down,
+    Looking o'er her castle wa'.
+
+  She looked east, and she looked west,
+    To see what she could spy,
+  When a gallant knight came in her sight,
+    And to the gate drew nigh.
+
+  "You seem to be no gentleman,
+    "You wear your boots so wide;
+  "But you seem to be some cunning hunter,
+    "You wear the horn so syde."[A]
+
+  "I am no cunning hunter," he said,
+    "Nor ne'er intend to be;
+  "But I am come to this castle
+    "To seek the love of thee;
+  "And if you do not grant me love,
+    "This night for thee I'll die."
+
+  "If you should die for me, sir knight,
+    "There's few for you will mane,
+  "For mony a better has died for me,
+    "Whose graves are growing green.
+
+  "But ye maun read my riddle," she said,
+    "And answer my questions three;
+  "And but ye read them right," she said,
+    "Gae stretch ye out and die.--
+
+  "Now, what is the flower, the ae first flower,
+   "Springs either on moor or dale?
+  "And what is the bird, the bonnie bonnie bird,
+   "Sings on the evening gale?"
+
+  "The primrose is the ae first flower,
+   "Springs either on moor or dale;
+  "And the thistlecock is the bonniest bird;
+   "Sings on the evening gale."
+
+  "But what's the little coin," she said,
+   "Wald buy my castle bound?
+  "And what's the little boat," she said,
+   "Can sail the world all round?"
+
+  "O hey, how mony small pennies
+   "Make thrice three thousand pound?
+  "Or hey, how mony small fishes
+   "Swim a' the salt sea round."
+
+  "I think you maun be my match," she said,
+   "My match, and something mair;
+  "You are the first e'er got the grant
+   Of love frae my father's heir.
+
+  "My father was lord of nine castles,
+   "My mother lady of three;
+  "My father was lord of nine castles,
+   "And there's nane to heir but me.
+
+  "And round about a' thae castles,
+   "You may baith plow and saw,
+  "And on the fifteenth day of May,
+   "The meadows they will maw."
+
+  "O hald your tongue, lady Margaret," he said,
+   "For loud I hear you lie!
+  "Your father was lord of nine castles,
+   "Your mother was lady of three;
+  "Your father was lord of nine castles,
+   "But ye fa' heir to but three.
+
+  "And round about a' thae castles,
+   "You may baith plow and saw,
+  "But on the fifteenth day of May
+   "The meadows will not maw.
+
+  "I am your brother Willie," he said,
+   "I trow ye ken na me;
+  "I came to humble your haughty heart,
+   "Has gar'd sae mony die."
+
+  "If ye be my brother Willie," she said,
+   "As I trow weel ye be,
+  "This night I'll neither eat nor drink,
+   "But gae alang wi' thee."
+
+  "O hold your tongue, lady Margaret," he said.
+   "Again I hear you lie;
+  "For ye've unwashen hands, and ye've unwashen feet,[B]
+   "To gae to clay wi' me.
+
+  "For the wee worms are my bedfellows,
+   "And cauld clay is my sheets;
+  "And when the stormy winds do blow,
+   "My body lies and sleeps."
+
+[Footnote A: _Syde_--Long or low.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Unwashen hands and unwashen feet_--Alluding to the custom
+of washing and dressing dead bodies.]
+
+
+
+THE ORIGINAL BALLAD OF THE BROOM OF COWDENKNOWS.
+
+
+_The beautiful air of Cowdenknows is well known and popular. In Ettrick
+Forest the following words are uniformly adapted to the tune, and seem
+to be the original ballad. An edition of this pastoral tale, differing
+considerably from the present copy, was published by Mr_ HERD, _in 1772.
+Cowdenknows is situated upon the river Leader, about four miles from
+Melrose, and is now the property of Dr_ HUME.
+
+
+  O the broom, and the bonny bonny broom,
+   And the broom of the Cowdenknows!
+  And aye sae sweet as the lassie sang,
+   I' the bought, milking the ewes.
+
+  The hills were high on ilka side,
+   An' the bought i' the lirk o' the hill,
+  And aye, as she sang, her voice it rang
+   Out o'er the head o' yon hill.
+
+  There was a troop o' gentlemen
+   Came riding merrilie by,
+  And one of them has rode out o' the way,
+   To the bought to the bonny may.
+
+  "Weel may ye save an' see, bonny lass,
+   "An' weel may ye save an' see."
+  "An' sae wi' you, ye weel-bred knight,"
+   "And what's your will wi' me?"
+
+  "The night is misty and mirk, fair may,
+   "And I have ridden astray,
+  "And will ye be so kind, fair may,
+   "As come out and point my way?"
+
+  "Ride out, ride out, ye ramp rider!
+   "Your steed's baith stout and strang;
+  "For out of the bought I dare na come,
+   "For fear 'at ye do me wrang."
+
+  "O winna ye pity me, bonny lass,
+   "O winna ye pity me?
+  "An' winna ye pity my poor steed,
+   "Stands trembling at yon tree?"
+
+  "I wadna pity your poor steed,
+   "Tho' it were tied to a thorn;
+  "For if ye wad gain my love the night,
+   "Ye wad slight me ere the morn.
+
+  "For I ken you by your weel-busked hat,
+   "And your merrie twinkling e'e,
+  "That ye're the laird o' the Oakland hills,
+   "An' ye may weel seem for to be."
+
+  "But I am not the laird o' the Oakland hills,
+   "Ye're far mista'en o' me;
+  "But I'm are o' the men about his house,
+   "An' right aft in his companie."
+
+  He's ta'en her by the middle jimp,
+   And by the grass-green sleeve;
+  He's lifted her over the fauld dyke,
+   And speer'd at her sma' leave.
+
+  O he's ta'en out a purse o' gowd,
+   And streek'd her yellow hair,
+  "Now, take ye that, my bonnie may,
+   "Of me till you hear mair."
+
+  O he's leapt on his berry-brown steed,
+   An' soon he's o'erta'en his men;
+  And ane and a' cried out to him,
+   "O master, ye've tarry'd lang!"
+
+  "O I hae been east, and I hae been west,
+   "An' I hae been far o'er the know,
+  "But the bonniest lass that ever I saw
+   "Is i'the bought milking the ewes."
+
+  She set the cog[A] upon her head,
+   An' she's gane singing hame--
+  "O where hae ye been, my ae daughter?
+   "Ye hae na been your lane."
+
+  "O nae body was wi' me, father,
+   "O nae body has been wi' me;
+  "The night is misty and mirk, father,
+   "Ye may gang to the door and see.
+
+  "But wae be to your ewe-herd, father,
+   "And an ill deed may he die;
+  "He bug the bought at the back o' the know,
+   "And a tod[B] has frighted me.
+
+  "There came a tod to the bought-door,
+   "The like I never saw;
+  "And ere he had tane the lamb he did,
+   "I had lourd he had ta'en them a'."
+
+  O whan fifteen weeks was come and gane,
+   Fifteen weeks and three.
+  That lassie began to look thin and pale,
+   An' to long for his merry twinkling e'e.
+
+  It fell on a day, on a het simmer day,
+   She was ca'ing out her father's kye,
+  By came a troop o' gentlemen,
+   A' merrilie riding bye.
+
+  "Weel may ye save an' see, bonny may,
+   "Weel may ye save and see!
+  "Weel I wat, ye be a very bonny may,
+   "But whae's aught that babe ye are wi'?"
+
+  Never a word could that lassie say,
+   For never a ane could she blame,
+  An' never a word could the lassie say,
+   But "I have a good man at hame."
+
+  "Ye lied, ye lied, my very bonny may,
+   "Sae loud as I hear you lie;
+  "For dinna ye mind that misty night
+   "I was i' the bought wi' thee?
+
+  "I ken you by your middle sae jimp,
+   "An' your merry twinkling e'e,
+  "That ye're the bonny lass i'the Cowdenknow,
+   "An' ye may weel seem for to be."
+
+  Than he's leap'd off his berry-brown steed,
+   An' he's set that fair may on--
+  "Caw out your kye, gude father, yoursell,
+   "For she's never caw them out again.
+
+  "I am the laird of the Oakland hills,
+   "I hae thirty plows and three;
+  "Ah' I hae gotten the bonniest lass
+   "That's in a' the south country.
+
+[Footnote A: _Cog_--Milking-pail.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Tod_--Fox.]
+
+
+
+LORD RANDAL.
+
+
+There is a beautiful air to this old ballad. The hero is more generally
+termed _Lord Ronald;_ but I willingly follow the authority of an Ettrick
+Forest copy for calling him _Randal;_ because, though the circumstances
+are so very different, I think it not impossible, that the ballad may
+have originally regarded the death of Thomas Randolph, or Randal, earl
+of Murray, nephew to Robert Bruce, and governor of Scotland. This great
+warrior died at Musselburgh, 1332, at the moment when his services were
+most necessary to his country, already threatened by an English army.
+For this sole reason, perhaps, our historians obstinately impute his
+death to poison. See _The Bruce_, book xx. Fordun repeats, and Boece
+echoes, this story, both of whom charge the murder on Edward III. But it
+is combated successfully by Lord Hailes, in his _Remarks on the History
+of Scotland_.
+
+The substitution of some venomous reptile for food, or putting it into
+liquor, was anciently supposed to be a common mode of administering
+poison; as appears from the following curious account of the death of
+King John, extracted from a MS. Chronicle of England, _penes_ John
+Clerk, esq. advocate. "And, in the same tyme, the pope sente into
+Englond a legate, that men cald Swals, and he was prest cardinal of
+Rome, for to mayntene King Johnes cause agens the barons of Englond; but
+the barons had so much pte (_poustie_, i.e. power) through Lewys, the
+kinges sone of Fraunce, that King Johne wist not wher for to wend ne
+gone: and so hitt fell, that he wold have gone to Suchold; and as he
+went thedurward, he come by the abbey of Swinshed, and ther he abode II
+dayes. And, as he sate at meat, he askyd a monke of the house, how moche
+a lofe was worth, that was before hym sete at the table? and the monke
+sayd that loffe was worthe bot ane halfpenny. 'O!' quod the kyng, 'this
+is a grette cheppe of brede; now,' said the king, 'and yff I may, such a
+loffe shalle be worth xxd. or half a yer be gone:' and when he said the
+word, muche he thought, and ofte tymes sighed, and nome and ete of the
+bred, and said, 'By Gode, the word that I have spokyn shall be sothe.'
+The monke, that stode befor the kyng, was ful sory in his hert; and
+thought rather he wold himself suffer peteous deth; and thought yff
+he myght ordeyn therfore sum remedy. And anon the monke went unto his
+abbott, and was schryvyd of him, and told the abbott all that the kyng
+said, and prayed his abbott to assoyl him, for he wold gyffe the kyng
+such a wassayle, that all Englond shuld be glad and joyful therof. Tho
+went the monke into a gardene, and fond a tode therin; and toke her upp,
+and put hyr in a cuppe, and filled it with good ale, and pryked hyr in
+every place, in the cuppe, till the venome come out in every place; an
+brought hitt befor the kyng, and knelyd, and said, 'Sir, wassayle; for
+never in your lyfe drancke ye of such a cuppe,' 'Begyne, monke,' quod
+the king; and the monke dranke a gret draute, and toke the kyng the
+cuppe, and the kyng also drank a grett draute, and set downe the
+cuppe.--The monke anon went to the Farmarye, and ther dyed anon, on
+whose soule God have mercy, Amen. And v monkes syng for his soule
+especially, and shall while the abbey stondith. The kyng was anon ful
+evil at ese, and comaunded to remove the table, and askyd after the
+monke; and men told him that he was ded, for his wombe was broke in
+sondur. When the king herd this tidyng, he comaunded for to trusse; but
+all hit was for nought, for his bely began to swelle for the drink that
+he dranke, that he dyed within II dayes, the moro aftur Seynt Luke's
+day."
+
+A different account of the poisoning of King John is given in a MS.
+Chronicle of England, written in the minority of Edward III., and
+contained in the Auchinleck MS. of Edinburgh. Though not exactly to our
+present purpose, the passage is curious, and I shall quote it without
+apology. The author has mentioned the interdict laid on John's kingdom
+by the pope, and continues thus:
+
+  He was ful wroth and grim,
+  For no prest wald sing for him
+  He made tho his parlement,
+  And swore his _croy de verament_,
+  That he shuld make such assaut,
+  To fede all Inglonde with a spand.
+  And eke with a white lof,
+  Therefore I hope[A] he was God-loth.
+  A monk it herd of Swines-heued,
+  And of this wordes he was adred,
+  He went hym to his fere,
+  And seyd to hem in this manner;
+  "The king has made a sori oth,
+  That he schal with a white lof
+  Fede al Inglonde, and with a spand,
+  Y wis it were a sori saut;
+  And better is that we die to,
+  Than al Inglond be so wo.
+  Ye schul for me belles ring,
+  And after wordes rede and sing;
+  So helpe you God, heven king,
+  Granteth me alle now mill asking,
+  And Ichim wil with puseoun slo,
+  Ne schal he never Inglond do wo."
+
+   His brethren him graunt alle his bone.
+  He let him shrive swithe sone,
+  To make his soule fair and cleue,
+  To for our leuedi heven queen,
+  That sche schuld for him be,
+  To for her son in trinité.
+
+   Dansimond zede and gadred frut,
+  For sothe were plommes white,
+  The steles[B] he puld out everichon,
+  Puisoun he dede therin anon,
+  And sett the steles al ogen,
+  That the gile schuld nought be sen.
+  He dede hem in a coupe of gold,
+  And went to the kinges bord;
+  On knes he him sett,
+  The king full fair he grett;
+  "Sir," he said, "by Seynt Austin,
+  This is front of our garden,
+  And gif that your wil be,
+  Assayet herof after me."
+  Dansimoud ete frut, on and on,
+  And al tho other ete King Jon;
+  The monke aros, and went his way,
+  God gif his soule wel gode day;
+  He gaf King Jon ther his puisoun,
+  Himself had that ilk doun,
+  He dede, it is nouther for mirthe ne ond,
+  Bot for to save al Iuglond.
+
+  The King Jon sate at mete,
+  His wombe to wex grete;
+  He swore his oth, _per la croyde_,
+  His wombe wald brest a thre;
+  He wald have risen fram the bord,
+  Ac he spake never more word;
+  Thus ended his time,
+  Y wis he had an evel fine.
+
+[Footnote A: _Hope, for think._]
+
+[Footnote B: _Steles_--Stalks.]
+
+Shakespeare, from such old chronicles, has drawn his authority for the
+last fine scene in _King John_. But he probably had it from Caxton, who
+uses nearly the words of the prose chronicle. Hemingford tells the same
+tale with the metrical historian. It is certain, that John increased the
+flux, of which he died, by the intemperate use of peaches and of ale,
+which may have given rise to the story of the poison.--See MATTHEW
+PARIS.
+
+To return to the ballad: there is a very similar song, in which,
+apparently to excite greater interest in the nursery, the handsome young
+hunter is exchanged for a little child, poisoned by a false step-mother.
+
+
+
+LORD RANDAL.
+
+
+  "O where hae ye been, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "O where hae ye been, my handsome young man?"
+  "I hae been to the wild wood; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "Where gat ye your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "Where gat ye your dinner, my handsome young man?"
+  "I din'd wi' my true-love; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "What gat ye to your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?.
+  "What gat ye to your dinner, my handsome young man?"
+  "I gat eels boil'd in broo'; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "What became of your bloodhounds, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "What became of your bloodhounds, my handsome young man?"
+  "O they swell'd and they died; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "O I fear ye are poison'd, Lord Randal, my son!
+  "O I fear ye are poison'd, my handsome young man!"
+  "O yes! I am poison'd; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wald lie down."
+
+
+
+SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+This ballad is a northern composition, and seems to have been the
+original of the legend called _Sir Aldingar_, which is printed in the
+_Reliques of Antient Poetry_. The incidents are nearly the same in both
+ballads, excepting that, in _Aldingar_, an angel combats for the queen,
+instead of a mortal champion. The names of _Aldingar_ and _Rodingham_
+approach near to each other in sound, though not in orthography, and the
+one might, by reciters, be easily substituted for the other.
+
+The tradition, upon which the ballad is founded, is universally current
+in the Mearns; and the editor is informed, that, till very lately, the
+sword, with which Sir Hugh le Blond was believed to have defended
+the life and honour of the queen, was carefully preserved by his
+descendants, the viscounts of Arbuthnot. That Sir Hugh of Arbuthnot
+lived in the thirteenth century, is proved by his having, in 1282,
+bestowed the patronage of the church of Garvoch upon the monks of
+Aberbrothwick, for the safety of his soul.--_Register of Aberbrothwick,
+quoted by Crawford in Peerage._ But I find no instance in history, in
+which the honour of a queen of Scotland was committed to the chance of
+a duel. It is true, that Mary, wife of Alexander II., was, about 1242,
+somewhat implicated in a dark story, concerning the murder of Patrick,
+earl of Athole, burned in his lodging at Haddington, where he had gone
+to attend a great tournament. The relations of the deceased baron
+accused of the murder Sir William Bisat, a powerful nobleman, who
+appears to have been in such high favour with the young queen, that
+she offered her oath, as a compurgator, to prove his innocence. Bisat
+himself stood upon his defence, and proffered the combat to his
+accusers; but he was obliged to give way to the tide, and was banished
+from Scotland. This affair interested all the northern barons; and it
+is not impossible, that some share, taken in it by this Sir Hugh de
+Arbuthnot, may have given a slight foundation for the tradition of the
+country.--WINTON, B. vii. ch. 9. Or, if we suppose Sir Hugh le Blond
+to be a predecessor of the Sir Hugh who flourished in the thirteenth
+century, he may have been the victor in a duel, shortly noticed as
+having occurred in 1154, when one Arthur, accused of treason, was
+unsuccessful in his appeal to the judgment of God. _Arthurus regem
+Malcolm proditurus duello periit._ Chron. Sanctae Crucis ap. Anglia
+Sacra, Vol. I. p. 161.
+
+But, true or false, the incident, narrated in the ballad, is in the
+genuine style of chivalry. Romances abound with similar instances, nor
+are they wanting in real history. The most solemn part of a knight's
+oath was to defend "all widows, orphelines, and maidens of gude
+fame."[A]--LINDSAY'S _Heraldry, MS._ The love of arms was a real
+passion of itself, which blazed yet more fiercely when united with the
+enthusiastic admiration of the fair sex. The knight of Chaucer exclaims,
+with chivalrous energy,
+
+  To fight for a lady! a benedicite!
+  It were a lusty sight for to see.
+
+It was an argument, seriously urged by Sir John of Heinault, for making
+war upon Edward II., in behalf of his banished wife, Isabella, that
+knights were bound to aid, to their uttermost power, all distressed
+damsels, living without council or comfort.
+
+[Footnote A: Such an oath is still taken by the Knights of the Bath;
+but, I believe, few of that honourable brotherhood will now consider it
+quite so obligatory as the conscientious Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who
+gravely alleges it as a sufficient reason for having challenged divers
+cavaliers, that they had either snatched from a lady her bouquet, or
+ribband, or, by some discourtesy of similar importance, placed her, as
+his lordship conceived, in the predicament of a distressed damozell.]
+
+An apt illustration of the ballad would have been the combat, undertaken
+by three Spanish champions against three Moors of Granada, in defence of
+the honour of the queen of Granada, wife to Mohammed Chiquito, the last
+monarch of that kingdom. But I have not at hand _Las Guerras Civiles
+de Granada_, in which that atchievement is recorded. Raymond Berenger,
+count of Barcelona, is also said to have defended, in single combat, the
+life and honour of the Empress Matilda, wife of the Emperor Henry V.,
+and mother to Henry II. of England.--See ANTONIO ULLOA, _del vero Honore
+Militare_, Venice, 1569.
+
+A less apocryphal example is the duel, fought in 1387, betwixt Jaques le
+Grys and John de Carogne, before the king of France. These warriors were
+retainers of the earl of Alencon, and originally sworn brothers. John de
+Carogne went over the sea, for the advancement of his fame, leaving in
+his castle a beautiful wife, where she lived soberly and sagely. But
+the devil entered into the heart of Jaques le Grys, and he rode, one
+morning, from the earl's house to the castle of his friend, where he was
+hospitably received by the unsuspicious lady. He requested her to
+show him the donjon, or keep of the castle, and in that remote and
+inaccessible tower forcibly violated her chastity. He then mounted his
+horse, and returned to the earl of Alencon within so short a space, that
+his absence had not been perceived. The lady abode within the donjon,
+weeping bitterly, and exclaiming, "Ah Jaques! it was not well done thus
+to shame me! but on you shall the shame rest, if God send my husband
+safe home!" The lady kept secret this sorrowful deed until her husband's
+return from his voyage. The day passed, and night came, and the knight
+went to bed; but the lady would not; for ever she blessed herself,
+and walked up and down the chamber, studying and musing, until her
+attendants had retired; and then, throwing herself on her knees before
+the knight, she shewed him all the adventure. Hardly would Carogne
+believe the treachery of his companion; but, when convinced, he replied,
+"Since it is so, lady, I pardon you; but the knight shall die for this
+villainous deed." Accordingly, Jaques le Grys was accused of the crime,
+in the court of the earl of Alencon. But, as he was greatly loved of
+his lord, and as the evidence was very slender, the earl gave judgment
+against the accusers. Hereupon John Carogne appealed to the parliament
+of Paris; which court, after full consideration, appointed the case to
+be tried by mortal combat betwixt the parties, John Carogne appearing as
+the champion of his lady. If he failed in his combat, then was he to
+be hanged, and his lady burned, as false and unjust calumniators. This
+combat, under circumstances so very peculiar, attracted universal
+attention; in so much, that the king of France and his peers, who were
+then in Flanders, collecting troops for an invasion of England, returned
+to Paris, that so notable a duel might be fought in the royal presence.
+"Thus the kynge, and his uncles, and the constable, came to Parys. Then
+the lystes were made in a place called Saynt Katheryne, behinde the
+Temple. There was soo moche people, that it was mervayle to beholde; and
+on the one side of the lystes there was made gret scaffoldes, that the
+lordes might the better se the batayle of the ii champion; and so they
+bothe came to the felde, armed at all peaces, and there eche of them was
+set in theyr chayre; the erle of Saynt Poule gouverned John of Carongne,
+and the erle of Alanson's company with Jacques le Grys; and when the
+knyght entred in to the felde, he came to his wyfe, who was there
+syttynge in a chayre, covered in blacke, and he sayd to her thus:--Dame,
+by your enformacyon, and in your quarrell, I do put my lyfe in
+adventure, as to fyght with Jacques le Grys; ye knowe, if the cause be
+just and true.'--'Syr,' sayd the lady, 'it is as I have sayd; wherefore
+ye maye fyght surely; the cause is good and true.' With those wordes,
+the knyghte kissed the lady, and toke her by the hande, and then blessyd
+hym, and soo entred into the felde. The lady sate styll in the blacke
+chayre, in her prayers to God, and to the vyrgyne Mary, humbly prayenge
+them, by theyr specyall grace, to send her husbande the victory,
+accordynge to the ryght. She was in gret hevynes, for she was not sure
+of her lyfe; for, if her husbande sholde have ben dyscomfyted, she was
+judged, without remedy, to be brente, and her husbande hanged. I cannot
+say whether she repented her or not, as the matter was so forwarde, that
+both she and her husbande were in grete peryll: howbeit, fynally, she
+must as then abyde the adventure. Then these two champyons were set
+one agaynst another, and so mounted on theyr horses, and behauved them
+nobly; for they knewe what perteyned to deades of armes. There were
+many lordes and knyghtes of Fraunce, that were come thyder to se that
+batayle. The two champyons justed at theyr fyrst metyng, but none of
+them dyd hurte other; and, after the justes, they lyghted on foote to
+periournie theyr batayle, and soo fought valyauntly.--And fyrst, John of
+Carongne was hurt in the thyghe, whereby al his frendes were in grete
+fere; but, after that, he fought so valyauntly, that he bette down his
+adversary to the erthe, and threst his swerde in his body, and soo slewe
+hyrn in the felde; and then he demaunded, if he had done his devoyse or
+not? and they answered, that he had valyauntly atchieved his batayle.
+Then Jacques le Grys was delyuered to the hangman of Parys, and he drewe
+hym to the gybbet of Mountfawcon, and there hanged him up. Then John of
+Carongne came before the kynge, and kneled downe, and the kynge made
+him to stand up before hym; and, the same daye, the kynge caused to
+be delyvred to him a thousande franks, and reteyned him to be of his
+chambre, with a pencyon of ii hundred pounde by yere, durynge the terme
+of his lyfe. Then he thanked the kynge and the lordes, and went to his
+wyfe, and kissed her; and then they wente togyder to the chyrche of our
+ladye, in Parys, and made theyr offerynge, and then retourned to their
+lodgynges. Then this Sir John of Carongne taryed not longe in Fraunce,
+but went, with Syr John Boucequant, Syr John of Bordes, and Syr Loys
+Grat. All these went to se Lamorabaquyn,[A] of whome, in those dayes,
+there was moche spekynge."
+
+[Footnote A: This odd name Froissart gives to the famous Mahomet,
+emperor of Turkey, called the Great.]
+
+Such was the readiness, with which, in those times, heroes put their
+lives in jeopardy, for honour and lady's sake. But I doubt whether the
+fair dames of the present day will think, that the risk of being burned,
+upon every suspicion of frailty, could be altogether compensated by the
+probability, that a husband of good faith, like John de Carogne, or a
+disinterested champion, like Hugh le Blond, would take up the gauntlet
+in their behalf. I fear they will rather accord to the sentiment of the
+hero of an old romance, who expostulates thus with a certain duke:--
+
+  Certes, sir duke, thou doest unright,
+  To make a roast of your daughter bright;
+   I wot you ben unkind.
+      _Amis and Amelion._
+
+I was favoured with the following copy of _Sir Hugh le Blond_, by
+K. Williamson Burnet, Esq. of Monboddo, who wrote it down from the
+recitation of an old woman, long in the service of the Arbuthnot
+family. Of course the diction is very much humbled, and it has, in
+all probability, undergone many corruptions; but its antiquity is
+indubitable, and the story, though indifferently told, is in itself
+interesting. It is believed, that there have been many more verses.
+
+
+
+SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+  The birds sang sweet as ony bell,
+   The world had not their make,
+  The queen she's gone to her chamber,
+   With Rodingham to talk.
+
+  "I love you well, my queen, my dame,
+   "'Bove land and rents so clear
+  "And for the love of you, my queen,
+   "Would thole pain most severe."
+
+  "If well you love me, Rodingham,
+   "I'm sure so do I thee:
+  "I love you well as any man,
+   "Save the king's fair bodye."
+
+  "I love you well, my queen, my dame;
+   "'Tis truth that I do tell:
+  "And for to lye a night with you,
+   "The salt seas I would sail."
+
+  "Away, away, O Rodingham!
+   "You are both stark and stoor;
+  "Would you defile the king's own bed,
+   "And make his queen a whore?
+
+  "To-morrow you'd be taken sure,
+   "And like a traitor slain;
+  "And I'd be burned at a stake,
+   "Altho' I be the queen."
+
+  He then stepp'd out at her room-door,
+   All in an angry mood;
+  Until he met a leper-man,
+   Just by the hard way-side.
+
+  He intoxicate the leper-man
+   With liquors very sweet;
+  And gave him more and more to drink,
+   Until he fell asleep.
+
+  He took him in his arms two,
+   And carried him along,
+  Till he came to the queen's own bed,
+   And there he laid him down.
+
+  He then stepp'd out of the queen's bower,
+   As switt as any roe,
+  Till he came to the very place
+   Where the king himself did go.
+
+  The king said unto Rodingham,
+   "What news have you to me?"
+  He said, "Your queen's a false woman,
+   "As I did plainly see."
+
+  He hasten'd to the queen's chamber,
+   So costly and so fine,
+  Untill he came to the queen's own bed,
+   Where the leper-man was lain.
+
+  He looked on the leper-man,
+   Who lay on his queen's bed;
+  He lifted up the snaw-white sheets,
+   And thus he to him said:
+
+  "Plooky, plooky,[A] are your cheeks,
+   "And plooky is your chin,
+  "And plooky are your arms two
+   "My bonny queen's layne in.
+
+  "Since she has lain into your arms,
+   "She shall not lye in mine;
+  "Since she has kiss'd your ugsome mouth,
+   "She never shall kiss mine."
+
+  In anger he went to the queen,
+   Who fell upon her knee;
+  He said, "You false, unchaste woman,
+   "What's this you've done to me?"
+
+  The queen then turn'd herself about,
+   The tear blinded her e'e--
+  There's not a knight in all your court
+   "Dare give that name to me."
+
+  He said, "'Tis true that I do say;
+   "For I a proof did make:
+  "You shall be taken from my bower,
+   "And burned at a stake.
+
+  "Perhaps I'll take my word again,
+   "And may repent the same,
+  "If that you'll get a Christian man
+   "To fight that Rodingham."
+
+  "Alas! alas!" then cried our queen,
+   "Alas, and woe to me!
+  "There's not a man in all Scotland
+   "Will fight with him for me."
+
+  She breathed unto her messengers,
+   Sent them south, east, and west;
+  They could find none to fight with him,
+   Nor enter the contest.
+
+  She breathed on her messengers,
+   She sent them to the north;
+  And there they found Sir Hugh le Blond,
+   To fight him he came forth.
+
+  When unto him they did unfold
+   The circumstance all right,
+  He bade them go and tell the queen,
+   That for her he would fight.
+
+  The day came on that was to do
+   That dreadful tragedy;
+  Sir Hugh le Blond was not come up
+   To fight for our lady.
+
+  "Put on the fire," the monster said;
+   "It is twelve on the bell!"
+  "Tis scarcely ten, now," said the king;
+   "I heard the clock mysell."
+
+  Before the hour the queen is brought,
+   The burning to proceed;
+  In a black velvet chair she's set,
+   A token for the dead.
+
+  She saw the flames ascending high,
+   The tears blinded her e'e:
+  "Where is the worthy knight," she said,
+   "Who is to fight for me?"
+
+  Then up and spake the king himsel,
+   "My dearest, have no doubt,
+  "For yonder comes the man himsel,
+   "As bold as ere set out."
+
+  They then advanced to fight the duel
+   With swords of temper'd steel,
+  Till down the blood of Rodingham
+   Came running to his heel.
+
+  Sir Hugh took out a lusty sword,
+   'Twas of the metal clear;
+  And he has pierced Rodingham
+   Till's heart-blood did appear.
+
+  "Confess your treachery, now," he said,
+   "This day before you die!"
+  "I do confess my treachery,
+   "I shall no longer lye:
+
+  "I like to wicked Haman am,
+   "This day I shall be slain."
+  The queen was brought to her chamber
+   A good woman again.
+
+  The queen then said unto the king,
+   "Arbattle's near the sea;
+  "Give it unto the northern knight,
+   "That this day fought for me."
+
+  Then said the king, "Come here, sir knight,
+   "And drink a glass of wine;
+  "And, if Arbattle's not enough,
+   "To it we'll Fordoun join."
+
+[Footnote A: _Plooky_--Pimpled.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+  _Until he met a leper-man. &c._--P. 268. v. 4.
+
+Filth, poorness of living, and the want of linen, made this horrible
+disease formerly very common in Scotland. Robert Bruce died of the
+leprosy; and, through all Scotland, there were hospitals erected for
+the reception of lepers, to prevent their mingling with the rest of the
+community.
+
+  _"It is twelve on the bell!"
+  "Tis scarcely ten, now," said the king, &c._--P. 272. v. 2.
+
+In the romance of Doolin, called _La Fleur des Battailles_, a false
+accuser discovers a similar impatience to hurry over the execution,
+before the arrival of the lady's champion:--_"Ainsi comme Herchambaut
+vouloit jetter la dame dedans le feu, Sanxes de Clervaut va a lui, si
+lui dict; 'Sire Herchambaut, vous estes trop a blasmer; car vous ne
+devez mener ceste chose que par droit ainsi qu'il est ordonnè; je veux
+accorder que ceste dame ait un vassal qui la diffendra contre vous et
+Drouart, car elle n'a point de coulpe en ce que l'accusez; si la devez
+retarder jusque a midy, pour scavoir si un bon chevalier l'a viendra
+secourir centre vous et Drouart."_--Cap. 22.
+
+  _"And, if Arbattle's not enough,
+  "To it we'll Fordoun join."_--P. 274. v. 1.
+
+Arbattle is the ancient name of the barony of Arbuthnot. Fordun has long
+been the patrimony of the same family.
+
+
+
+GRAEME AND BEWICK.
+
+
+The date of this ballad, and its subject, are uncertain. From internal
+evidence, I am inclined to place it late in the sixteenth century. Of
+the Graemes enough is elsewhere said. It is not impossible, that such
+a clan, as they are described, may have retained the rude ignorance
+of ancient border manners to a later period than their more inland
+neighbours; and hence the taunt of old Bewick to Graeme. Bewick is an
+ancient name in Cumberland and Northumberland. The ballad itself was
+given, in the first edition, from the recitation of a gentleman, who
+professed to have forgotten some verses. These have, in the present
+edition, been partly restored, from a copy obtained by the recitation of
+an ostler in Carlisle, which has also furnished some slight alterations.
+
+The ballad is remarkable, as containing, probably, the very latest
+allusion to the institution of brotherhood in arms, which was held so
+sacred in the days of chivalry, and whose origin may be traced up to the
+Scythian ancestors of Odin. Many of the old romances turn entirely upon
+the sanctity of the engagement, contracted by the _freres d'armes_. In
+that of _Amis and Amelion_, the hero slays his two infant children, that
+he may compound a potent salve with their blood, to cure the leprosy of
+his brother in arms. The romance of _Gyron le Courtois_ has a similar
+subject. I think the hero, like Graeme in the ballad, kills himself, out
+of some high point of honour towards his friend.
+
+The quarrel of the two old chieftains, over their wine, is highly in
+character. Two generations have not elapsed since the custom of drinking
+deep, and taking deadly revenge for slight offences, produced very
+tragical events on the border; to which the custom of going armed to
+festive meetings contributed not a little. A minstrel, who flourished
+about 1720, and is often talked of by the old people, happened to be
+performing before one of these parties, when they betook themselves to
+their swords. The cautious musician, accustomed to such scenes, dived
+beneath the table. A moment after, a man's hand, struck off with a
+back-sword, fell beside him. The minstrel secured it carefully in
+his pocket, as he would have done any other loose moveable; sagely
+observing, the owner would miss it sorely next morning. I chuse rather
+to give this ludicrous example, than some graver instances of bloodshed
+at border orgies. I observe it is said, in a MS. account of Tweeddale,
+in praise of the inhabitants, that, "when they fall in the humour of
+good fellowship, they use it as a cement and bond of society, and not
+to foment revenge, quarrels, and murders, which is usual in other
+countries;" by which we ought, probably, to understand Selkirkshire and
+Teviotdale.--_Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+
+
+GRAEME AND BEWICK.
+
+
+  Gude lord Graeme is to Carlisle gane;
+   Sir Robert Bewick there met he;
+  And arm in arm to the wine they did go,
+   And they drank till they were baith merrie.
+
+  Gude lord Graeme has ta'en up the cup,
+   "Sir Robert Bewick, and here's to thee!
+  "And here's to our twae sons at hame!
+   "For they like us best in our ain countrie."
+
+  "O were your son a lad like mine,
+   "And learn'd some books that he could read,
+  "They might hae been twae brethren bauld,
+   "And they might hae bragged the border side."
+
+  "But your son's a lad, and he is but bad,
+   "And billie to my son he canna be;
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Ye sent him to the schools, and he wadna learn;
+   "Ye bought him books, and he wadna read."
+  "But my blessing shall he never earn,
+   "Till I see how his arm can defend his head."
+
+  Gude lord Graeme has a reckoning call'd,
+   A reckoning then called he;
+  And he paid a crown, and it went roun';
+   It was all for the gude wine and free.[A]
+
+  And he has to the stable gaen,
+   Where there stude thirty steeds and three;
+  He's ta'en his ain horse amang them a',
+   And hame he' rade sae manfullie.
+
+  "Wellcome, my auld father!" said Christie Graeme,
+   "But where sae lang frae hame were ye?"
+  "It's I hae been at Carlisle town,
+   "And a baffled man by thee I be.
+
+  "I hae been at Carlisle town,
+   "Where Sir Robert Bewick he met me;
+  "He says ye're a lad, and ye are but bad,
+   "And billie to his son ye canna be.
+
+  "I sent ye to the schools, and ye wadna learn;
+   "I bought ye books, and ye wadna read;
+  "Therefore, my blessing ye shall never earn,
+   "Till I see with Bewick thou save thy head."
+
+  "Now, God forbid, my auld father,
+   "That ever sic a thing suld be!
+  "Billie Bewick was my master, and I was his scholar,
+   "And aye sae weel as he learned me."
+
+  "O hald thy tongue, thou limmer lown,
+   "And of thy talking let me be!
+  "If thou does na end me this quarrel soon,
+   "There is my glove I'll fight wi' thee."
+
+  Then Christie Graeme he stooped low
+   Unto the ground, you shall understand;--
+  "O father, put on your glove again,
+   "The wind has blown it from your hand."
+
+  "What's that thou says, thou limmer loun?
+   "How dares thou stand to speak to me?
+  "If thou do not end this quarrel soon,
+   "There's my right hand thou shalt fight with me."
+
+  Then Christie Graeme's to his chamber gane,
+   To consider weel what then should be;
+  Whether he suld fight with his auld father
+   Or with his billie Bewick, he.
+
+  "If I suld kill my billie dear,
+   "God's blessing I sall never win;
+  "But if I strike at my auld father,
+   "I think 'twald be a mortal sin.
+
+  "But if I kill my billie dear,
+   "It is God's will! so let it be.
+  "But I make a vow, ere I gang frae hame,
+   "That I shall be the next man's die."
+
+  Then he's put on's back a good ould jack,
+   And on his head a cap of steel,
+  And sword and buckler by his side;
+   O gin he did not become them weel!
+
+  We'll leave off talking of Christie Graeme,
+   And talk of him again belive;
+  And we will talk of bonnie Bewick,
+   Where he was teaching his scholars five.
+
+  When he had taught them well to fence,
+   And handle swords without any doubt;
+  He took his sword under his arm,
+   And he walked his father's close about.
+
+  He looked atween him and the sun,
+   And a' to see what there might be,
+  Till he spied a man, in armour bright,
+   Was riding that way most hastilie.
+
+  "O wha is yon, that came this way,
+   "Sae hastilie that hither came?
+  "I think it be my brother dear;
+   "I think it be young Christie Graeme."
+
+  "Ye're welcome here, my billie dear,
+   "And thrice you're welcome unto me!"
+  "But I'm wae to say, I've seen the day,
+   "When I am come to fight with thee.
+
+  "My father's gane to Carlisle town,
+   "Wi' your father Bewick there met he;
+  "He says I'm a lad, and I am but bad,
+   "And a baffled man I trow I be.
+
+  "He sent me to schools, and I wadna learn;
+   "He gae me books, and I wadna read;
+  "Sae my father's blessing I'll never earn,
+   "Till he see how my arm can guard my head."
+
+  "O God forbid, my billie dear,
+   "That ever such a thing suld be!
+  "We'll take three men on either side,
+   "And see if we can our fathers agree."
+
+  "O hald thy tongue, now, billie Bewick,
+   "And of thy talking let me be!
+  "But if thou'rt a man, as I'm sure thou art,
+   "Come o'er the dyke, and fight wi' me."
+
+  "But I hae nae harness, billie, on my back,
+   "As weel I see there is on thine."
+  "But as little harness as is on thy back,
+   "As little, billie, shall be on mine."
+
+  Then he's thrown aff his coat of mail,
+   His cap of steel away flung he;
+  He stuck his spear into the ground,
+   And he tied his horse unto a tree.
+
+  Then Bewick has thrown aff his cloak,
+   And's psalter-book frae's hand flung he;
+  He laid his hand upon the dyke,
+   And ower he lap most manfullie.
+
+  O they hae fought for twae lang hours;
+   When twae lang hours were come and gane,
+  The sweat drapped fast frae aff them baith,
+   But a drap of blude could not be seen.
+
+  Till Graeme gae Bewick an ackward[B] stroke,
+   Ane ackward stroke, strucken sickerlie;
+  He has hit him under the left breast,
+   And dead-wounded to the ground fell he.
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, now, hillie dear!
+   "Arise, and speak three words to me!--
+  "Whether thou'se gotten thy deadly wound,
+   "Or if God and good leaching may succour thee?"
+
+  "O horse, O horse, now billie Graeme,
+    "And get thee far from hence with speed;
+  "And get thee out of this country,
+    "That none may know who has done the deed."
+
+  "O I have slain thee, billie Bewick,
+    "If this be true thou tellest to me;
+  "But I made a vow, ere I came frae hame,
+    "That aye the next man I wad be."
+
+  He has pitched his sword in a moodie-hill,[C]
+    And he has leap'd twentie lang feet and three,
+  And on his ain sword's point he lap,
+    And dead upon the grund fell he.
+
+  'Twas then came up Sir Robert Bewick,
+    And his brave son alive saw he;
+  "Rise up, rise up, my son," he said,
+    "For I think ye hae gotten the victorie."
+
+  "O hald your tongue, my father dear!
+    "Of your prideful talking let me be!
+  "Ye might hae drunken your wine in peace,
+    "And let me and my billie be.
+
+  "Gae dig a grave, baith wide and deep,
+   "A grave to hald baith him and me;
+  "But lay Christie Graeme on the sunny side,
+   "For I'm sure he wan the victorie."
+
+  "Alack! a wae!" auld Bewick cried,
+   "Alack! was I not much to blame!
+  "I'm sure I've lost the liveliest lad
+   "That e'er was born unto my name."
+
+  "Alack! a wae!" quo' gude Lord Graeme,
+   "I'm sure I hae lost the deeper lack!
+  "I durst hae ridden the Border through,
+   "Had Christie Graeme been at my back.
+
+  "Had I been led through Liddesdale,
+   "And thirty horsemen guarding me,
+  "And Christie Gramme been at my back,
+   "Sae soon as he had set me free!
+
+  "I've lost my hopes, I've lost my joy,
+   "I've lost the key but and the lock;
+  "I durst hae ridden the world round,
+   "Had Christie Graeme been at my back."
+
+[Footnote A: The ostler's copy reads very characteristically-- "It was
+all for good wine and _hay_."]
+
+[Footnote B: _Ackward_--Backward.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Moodie-hill_--Mole-hill.]
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART. IN TWO PARTS.
+
+
+Duels, as may be seen from the two preceding ballads, are derived from
+the times of chivalry. They succeeded to the _combat at outrance_,
+about the end of the sixteenth century; and, though they were no longer
+countenanced by the laws, nor considered a solemn appeal to the Deity,
+nor honoured by the presence of applauding monarchs and multitudes, yet
+they were authorised by the manners of the age, and by the applause of
+the fair.[A] They long continued, they even yet continue, to be appealed
+to, as the test of truth; since, by the code of honour, every gentleman
+is still bound to repel a charge of falsehood with the point of his
+sword, and at the peril of his life. This peculiarity of manners, which
+would have surprised an ancient Roman, is obviously deduced from the
+Gothic ordeal of trial by combat. Nevertheless, the custom of duelling
+was considered, at its first introduction, as an innovation upon the law
+of arms; and a book, in two huge volumes, entituled _Le vrai Theatre
+d' Honneur et de la Chivalerie_, was written by a French nobleman,
+to support the venerable institutions of chivalry against this
+unceremonious mode of combat. He has chosen for his frontispiece two
+figures; the first represents a conquering knight, trampling his enemy
+under foot in the lists, crowned by Justice with laurel, and preceded by
+Fame, sounding his praises. The other figure presents a duellist, in
+his shirt, as was then the fashion (see the following ballad), with his
+bloody rapier in his hand: the slaughtered combatant is seen in the
+distance, and the victor is pursued by the Furies. Nevertheless, the
+wise will make some scruple, whether, if the warriors were to change
+equipments, they might not also exchange their emblematic attendants.
+The modern mode of duel, without defensive armour, began about the reign
+of Henry III. of France, when the gentlemen of that nation, as we learn
+from Davila, began to lay aside the cumbrous lance and cuirass, even in
+war. The increase of danger being supposed to contribute to the increase
+of honour, the national ardour of the french gallants led them early to
+distinguish themselves by neglect of every thing, that could contribute
+to their personal safety. Hence, duels began to be fought by the
+combatants in their shirts, and with the rapier only. To this custom
+contributed also the art of fencing, then cultivated as a new study in
+Italy and Spain, by which the sword became, at once, an offensive and
+defensive weapon. The reader will see the new "science of defence," as
+it was called, ridiculed by Shakespeare, in _Romeo and Juliet_, and
+by Don Quevedo, in some of his novels. But the more ancient customs
+continued for some time to maintain their ground. The sieur Colombiere
+mentions two gentlemen, who fought with equal advantage for a whole day,
+in all the panoply of chivalry, and, the next day, had recourse to the
+modern mode of combat. By a still more extraordinary mixture of ancient
+and modern fashions, two combatants on horseback ran a tilt at each
+other with lances, without any covering but their shirts.
+
+[Footnote A: "All things being ready for the ball, and every one being
+in their place, and I myself being next to the queen (of France),
+expecting when the dancers would come in, one knockt at the door
+somewhat louder than became, as I thought, a very civil person. When he
+came in, I remember there was a sudden whisper among the ladies, saying,
+'C'est Monsieur Balagny,' or, 'tis Monsieur Balagny; whereupon, also,
+I saw the ladies and gentlewomen, one after another, invite him to sit
+near them; and, which is more, when one lady had his company a while,
+another would say, 'you have enjoyed him long enough; I must have him
+now;' at which bold civility of theirs, though I were astonished, yet it
+added unto my wonder, that his person could not be thought, at most, but
+ordinary handsome; his hair, which was cut very short, half grey, his
+doublet but of sackcloth, cut to his shirt, and his breeches only of
+plain grey cloth. Informing myself of some standers by who he was, I was
+told he was one of the gallantest men in the world, as having killed
+eight or nine men in single fight; and that, for this reason, the ladies
+made so much of him; it being the manner of all French women to cherish
+gallant men, as thinking they could not make so much of any one else,
+with the safety of their honour."--_Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,_
+p. 70. How near the character of the duellist, originally, approached to
+that of the knight-errant, appears from a transaction, which took place
+at the siege of Juliers, betwixt this Balagny and Lord Herbert. As
+these two noted duellists stood together in the trenches, the Frenchman
+addressed Lord Herbert: _"Monsieur, on dit que vous etes un des plus
+braves de votre nation, et je suis Balagny; allons voir qui fera le
+mieux."_ With these words, Balagny jumped over the trench, and Herbert
+as speedily following, both ran sword in hand towards the defences
+of the besieged town, which welcomed their approach with a storm of
+musquetry and artillery. Balagny then observed, this was hot service;
+but Herbert swore, he would not turn back first; so the Frenchman was
+finally fain to set him the example or retreat. Notwithstanding the
+advantage which he had gained over Balagny, in this "jeopardy of war,"
+Lord Herbert seems still to have grudged that gentleman's astonishing
+reputation; for he endeavoured to pick a quarrel with him, on the
+romantic score of the worth of their mistresses; and, receiving a
+ludicrous answer, told him, with disdain, that he spoke more like a
+_palliard_ than a _cavalier_. From such instances the reader may judge,
+whether the age of chivalry did not endure somewhat longer than is
+generally supposed.]
+
+When armour was laid aside, the consequence was, that the first duels
+were very sanguinary, terminating frequently in the death of one, and
+sometimes, as in the ballad, of both persons engaged. Nor was this all:
+The seconds, who had nothing to do with the quarrel, fought stoutly,
+_pour se desennuyer_, and often sealed with their blood their friendship
+for their principal. A desperate combat, fought between Messrs Entraguet
+and Caylus, is said to have been the first, in which this fashion of
+promiscuous fight was introduced. It proved fatal to two of Henry the
+Third's minions, and extracted from that sorrowing monarch an edict
+against duelling, which was as frequently as fruitlessly renewed by his
+successors. The use of rapier and poniard together,[A] was another cause
+of the mortal slaughter in these duels, which were supposed, in the
+reign of Henry IV., to have cost France at least as many of her nobles
+as had fallen in the civil wars. With these double weapons, frequent
+instances occurred, in which a duellist, mortally wounded, threw himself
+within his antagonist's guard, and plunged his poniard into his heart.
+Nay, sometimes the sword was altogether abandoned for the more sure
+and murderous dagger. A quarrel having arisen betwixt the vicompte d'
+Allemagne and the sieur de la Roque, the former, alleging the youth and
+dexterity of his antagonist, insisted upon fighting the duel in their
+shirts, and with their poniards only; a desperate mode of conflict,
+which proved fatal to both. Others refined even upon this horrible
+struggle, by chusing for the scene a small room, a large hogshead, or,
+finally, a hole dug in the earth, into which the duellists descended, as
+into a certain grave.--Must I add, that even women caught the phrenzy,
+and that duels were fought, not only by those whose rank and character
+rendered it little surprising, but by modest and well-born maidens!
+_Audiguier Traité de Duel. Theatre D' Honneur,_ Vol. I.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: It appears from a line in the black-letter copy of the
+following ballad, that Wharton and Stuart fought with rapier and dagger:
+
+  With that stout Wharton was the first
+  Took _rapier_ and _poniard_ there that day.
+      _Ancient Songs,_ 1792, p. 204.]
+
+[Footnote B: This folly ran to such a pitch, that no one was thought
+worthy to be reckoned a gentleman, who had not tried his valour in at
+least one duel; of which Lord Herbert gives the following instance:--A
+young gentleman, desiring to marry a niece of Monsieur Disaucour,
+_ecuyer_ to the duke de Montmorenci, received this answer: "Friend, it
+is not yet time to marry; if you will be a brave man, you must first
+kill, in single combat, two or three men; then marry, and get two or
+three children; otherwise the world will neither have gained or lost by
+you." HERBERT'S _Life_, p. 64.]
+
+We learn, from every authority, that duels became nearly as common in
+England, after the accession of James VI., as they had ever been in
+France. The point of honour, so fatal to the gallants of the age, was no
+where carried more highly than at the court of the pacific _Solomon_
+of Britain. Instead of the feudal combats, upon the _Hie-gate of
+Edinburgh_, which had often disturbed his repose at Holy-rood, his
+levees, at Theobald's, were occupied with listening to the detail of
+more polished, but not less sanguinary, contests. I rather suppose, that
+James never was himself disposed to pay particular attention to the laws
+of the _duello;_ but they were defined with a quaintness and pedantry,
+which, bating his dislike to the subject, must have deeply interested
+him. The point of honour was a science, which a grown gentleman might
+study under suitable professors, as well as dancing, or any other
+modish accomplishment. Nay, it would appear, that the ingenuity of
+the _sword-men_ (so these military casuists were termed) might often
+accommodate a bashful combatant with an honourable excuse for declining
+the combat:
+
+   --Understand'st them well nice points of duel?
+  Art born of gentle blood and pure descent?
+  Were none of all thy lineage hang'd, or cuckold?
+  Bastard or bastinadoed? Is thy pedigree
+  As long, as wide as mine? For otherwise
+  Thou wert most unworthy; and 'twere loss of honour
+  In me to fight. More: I have drawn five teeth--
+  If thine stand sound, the terms are much unequal;
+  And, by strict laws of duel, I am excused
+  To fight on disadvantage.--
+      _Albumazar,_ Act IV. Sc. 7.
+
+In Beaumont and Fletcher's admirable play of _A King and no King_, there
+is some excellent mirth at the expence of the professors of the point of
+honour.
+
+But, though such shifts might occasionally be resorted to by the
+faint-hearted, yet the fiery cavaliers of the English court were but
+little apt to profit by them; though their vengeance for insulted honour
+sometimes vented itself through fouler channels than that of fair combat
+It happened, for example, that Lord Sanquhar, a Scottish nobleman, in
+fencing with a master of the noble science of defence, lost his eye by
+an unlucky thrust. The accident was provoking, but without remedy; nor
+did Lord Sanquhar think of it, unless with regret, until some years
+after, when he chanced to be in the French court. Henry the Great
+casually asked him, how he lost his eye? "By the thrust of a sword,"
+answered Lord Sanquhar, not caring to enter into particulars. The king,
+supposing the accident the consequence of a duel, immediately enquired,
+"Does the man yet live?" These few words set the blood of the Scottish
+nobleman on fire; nor did he rest till he had taken the base vengeance
+of assassinating, by hired ruffians, the unfortunate fencing-master. The
+mutual animosity betwixt the English and Scottish nations, had already
+occasioned much bloodshed among the gentry, by single combat; and James
+now found himself under the necessity of making a striking example of
+one of his Scottish nobles, to avoid the imputation of the grossest
+partiality. Lord Sanquhar was condemned to be hanged, and suffered that
+ignominious punishment accordingly.
+
+By a circuitous route, we are now arrived at the subject of our ballad;
+for, to the tragical duel of Stuart and Wharton, and to other instances
+of bloody combats and brawls betwixt the two nations, is imputed James's
+firmness in the case of Lord Sanquhar.
+
+"For Ramsay, one of the king's servants, not long before Sanquhar's
+trial, had switched the earl of Montgomery, who was the king's first
+favourite, happily because he tooke it so. Maxwell, another of them, had
+bitten Hawley, a gentleman of the Temple, by the ear, which enraged the
+Templars (in those times riotous, and subject to tumults), and brought
+it allmost to a national quarrel, till the king slept in, and took it up
+himself.--The Lord Bruce had summoned Sir Edward Sackville (afterward
+earl of Dorset), into France, with a fatal compliment, to take death
+from his hand.[A] _And the much lamented Sir James Stuart, one of the
+king's blood, and Sir George Wharton, the prime branch of that noble
+family, for little worthless punctilios of honor (being intimate
+friends), took the field, and fell together by each others
+hand."_--WILSON'S Life of James VI. p. 60.
+
+[Footnote A: See an account of this desperate duel in the _Guardian_.]
+
+The sufferers in this melancholy affair were both men of high birth, the
+heirs apparent of two noble families, and youths of the most promising
+expectation. Sir James Stuart was a knight of the Bath, and eldest
+son of Walter, first lord Blantyre, by Nicolas, daughter of Sir James
+Somerville, of Cambusnethan. Sir George Wharton was also a knight of the
+Bath, and eldest son of Philip, lord Wharton, by Frances, daughter of
+Henry Clifford, earl of Cumberland. He married Anne, daughter of the
+earl of Rutland, but left no issue.
+
+The circumstances of the quarrel and combat are accurately detailed in
+the ballad, of which there exists a black-letter copy in the Pearson
+Collection, now in the library of the late John duke of Roxburghe,
+entitled, "A Lamentable Ballad, of a Combate, lately fought, near
+London, between Sir James Stewarde, and Sir George Wharton, knights,
+who were both slain at that time.--To the tune of, _Down Plumpton Park,
+&c_." A copy of this ballad has been published in Mr Ritson's _Ancient
+Songs_, and, upon comparison, appears very little different from that
+which has been preserved by tradition in Ettrick Forest. Two verses have
+been added, and one considerably improved, from Mr Ritson's edition.
+These three stanzas are the fifth and ninth of Part First, and the
+penult verse of Part Second. I am thus particular, that the reader may
+be able, if he pleases, to compare the traditional ballad with the
+original edition. It furnishes striking evidence, that, "without
+characters, fame lives long." The difference, chiefly to be remarked
+betwixt the copies, lies in the dialect, and in some modifications
+applicable to Scotland; as, using the words _"Our Scottish Knight."_
+The black-letter ballad, in like manner, terms Wharton _"Our English
+Knight."_ My correspondent, James Hogg, adds the following note to this
+ballad: "I have heard this song sung by several old people; but all
+of them with this tradition, that Wharton bribed Stuart's second, and
+actually fought in armour. I acknowledge, that, from some dark hints in
+the song, this appears not impossible; but, that you may not judge
+too rashly, I must remind you, that the old people, inhabiting the
+head-lands (high grounds) hereabouts, although possessed of many
+original songs, traditions, and anecdotes, are most unreasonably partial
+when the valour or honour of a Scotsman is called in question." I
+retain this note, because it is characteristic; but I agree with my
+correspondent, there can be no foundation for the tradition, except in
+national partiality.
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.
+
+PART FIRST.
+
+
+  It grieveth me to tell you o'
+   Near London late what did befal,
+  'Twixt two young gallant gentlemen;
+   It grieveth me, and ever shall.
+
+  One of them was Sir George Wharton,
+   My good Lord Wharton's son and heir;
+  The other, James Stuart, a Scottish knight,
+   One that a valiant heart did bear.
+
+  When first to court these nobles came,
+   One night, a gaining, fell to words;
+  And in their fury grew so hot,
+   That they did both try their keen swords.
+
+  No manner of treating, nor advice,
+   Could hold from striking in that place;
+  For, in the height and heat of blood,
+   James struck George Wharton on the face.
+
+  "What doth this mean," George Wharton said,
+   "To strike in such unmanly sort?
+  "But, that I take it at thy hands,
+   "The tongue of man shall ne'er report!"
+
+  "But do thy worst, then," said Sir James,
+   "Now do thy worst! appoint a day!
+  "There's not a lord in England breathes
+   "Shall gar me give an inch of way."
+
+  "Ye brag right weel," George Wharton said;
+   "Let our brave lords at large alane,
+  "And speak of me, that am thy foe;
+   "For you shall find enough o' ane!
+
+  "I'll alterchange my glove wi' thine;
+   "I'll show it on the bed o' death;
+  "I mean the place where we shall fight;
+   "There ane or both maun lose life and breath!"
+
+  "We'll meet near Waltham," said Sir James;
+   "To-morrow, that shall be the day.
+  "We'll either take a single man,
+   "And try who bears the bell away."
+
+  Then down together hands they shook,
+   Without any envious sign;
+  Then went to Ludgate, where they lay,
+   And each man drank his pint of wine.
+
+  No kind of envy could be seen,
+   No kind of malice they did betray;
+  But a' was clear and calm as death,
+   Whatever in their bosoms lay,
+
+  Till parting time; and then, indeed,
+   They shew'd some rancour in their heart;
+  "Next time we meet," says George Wharton,
+   "Not half sae soundly we shall part!"
+
+  So they have parted, firmly bent
+   Their valiant minds equal to try:
+  The second part shall clearly show,
+   Both how they meet, and how they dye.
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+  George Wharton was the first ae man,
+   Came to the appointed place that day,
+  Where he espyed our Scots lord coming,
+   As fast as he could post away.
+
+  They met, shook hands; their cheeks were pale;
+   Then to George Wharton James did say,
+  "I dinna like your doublet, George,
+   "It stands sae weel on you this day.
+
+  "Say, have you got no armour on?
+   "Have ye no under robe of steel?
+  "I never saw an English man
+   "Become his doublet half sae weel."
+
+  "Fy no! fy no!" George Wharton said,
+   "For that's the thing that mauna be,
+  "That I should come wi' armour on,
+   "And you a naked man truly."
+
+  "Our men shall search our doublets, George,
+   "And see if one of us do lie;
+  "Then will we prove, wi' weapons sharp,
+   "Ourselves true gallants for to be."
+
+  Then they threw off their doublets both,
+   And stood up in their sarks o' lawn;
+  "Now, take my counsel," said Sir James,
+   "Wharton, to thee I'll make it knawn:
+
+  "So as we stand, so will we fight;
+   "Thus naked in our sarks," said he;
+  "Fy no! fy no!" George Wharton says;
+   "That is the thing that must not be.
+
+  "We're neither drinkers, quarrellers,
+   "Nor men that cares na for oursel;
+  "Nor minds na what we're gaun about,
+   "Or if we're gaun to heav'n or hell.
+
+  "Let us to God bequeath our souls,
+   "Our bodies to the dust and clay!"
+  With that he drew his deadly sword,
+   The first was drawn on field that day.
+
+  Se'en bouts and turns these heroes had,
+   Or e'er a drop o' blood was drawn;
+  Our Scotch lord, wond'ring, quickly cry'd,
+   "Stout Wharton! thou still hauds thy awn!"
+
+  The first stroke that George Wharton gae,
+   He struck him thro' the shoulder-bane;
+  The neist was thro' the thick o' the thigh;
+   He thought our Scotch lord had been slain.
+
+  "Oh! ever alak!" George Wharton cry'd,
+   "Art thou a living man, tell me?
+  "If there's a surgeon living can,
+   "He'se cure thy wounds right speedily."
+
+  "No more of that!" James Stuart said;
+   "Speak not of curing wounds to me!
+  "For one of us must yield our breath,
+   "Ere off the field one foot we flee."
+
+  They looked oure their shoulders both,
+   To see what company was there;
+  They both had grievous marks of death,
+   But frae the other nane wad steer.
+
+  George Wharton was the first that fell;
+   Our Scotch lord fell immediately:
+  They both did cry to Him above,
+   To save their souls, for they boud die.
+
+
+
+THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.
+
+
+This fragment, obtained from recitation in the Forest of Ettrick, is
+said to relate to the execution of Cokburne of Henderland, a border
+freebooter, hanged over the gate of his own tower by James V., in the
+course of that memorable expedition, in 1529, which was fatal to Johnie
+Armstrang, Adam Scott of Tushielaw, and many other marauders. The
+vestiges of the castle of Henderland are still to be traced upon the
+farm of that name, belonging to Mr Murray of Henderland. They are
+situated near the mouth of the river Meggat, which falls into the lake
+of St Mary, in Selkirkshire. The adjacent country, which now hardly
+bears a single tree, is celebrated by Lesly, as, in his time, affording
+shelter to the largest stags in Scotland. A mountain torrent, called
+Henderland Burn, rushes impetuously from the hills, through a rocky
+chasm, named the Dow-glen, and passes near the site of the tower. To the
+recesses of this glen the wife of Cokburne is said to have retreated,
+during the execution of her husband; and a place, called the _Lady's
+Seat_, is still shewn, where she is said to have striven to drown, amid
+the roar of a foaming cataract, the tumultuous noise, which announced
+the close of his existence. In a deserted burial-place, which once
+surrounded the chapel of the castle, the monument of Cokburne and his
+lady is still shewn. It is a large stone, broken into three parts; but
+some armorial bearings may be yet traced, and the following inscription
+is still legible, though defaced:
+
+HERE LYES PERYS OF COKBURNE AND HIS WYFE MARJORY.
+
+Tradition says, that Cokburne was surprised by the king, while sitting
+at dinner. After the execution, James marched rapidly forward, to
+surprise Adam Scott of Tushielaw, called the King of the Border, and
+sometimes the King of Thieves. A path through the mountains, which
+separate the vale of Ettrick from the head of Yarrow, is still called
+the _King's Road_, and seems to have been the rout which he followed.
+The remains of the tower of Tushielaw are yet visible, overhanging the
+wild banks of the Ettrick; and are an object of terror to the benighted
+peasant, from an idea of their being haunted by spectres. From these
+heights, and through the adjacent county of Peebles, passes a wild path,
+called still the _Thief's Road_, from having been used chiefly by the
+marauders of the border.
+
+
+
+THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.
+
+
+  My love he built me a bonny bower,
+  And clad it a' wi' lilye flour;
+  A brawer bower ye ne'er did see,
+  Than my true love he built for me.
+
+  There came a man, by middle day,
+  He spied his sport, and went away;
+  And brought the king that very night,
+  Who brake my bower, and slew my knight.
+
+  He slew my knight, to me sae dear;
+  He slew my knight, and poin'd[A] his gear;
+  My servants all for life did flee,
+  And left me in extremitie.
+
+  I sew'd his sheet, making my mane;
+  I watched the corpse, myself alane;
+  I watched his body, night and day;
+  No living creature came that way.
+
+  I took his body on my back,
+  And whiles I gaed, and whiles I satte;
+  I digg'd a grave, and laid him in,
+  And happ'd him with the sod sae green.
+
+  But think na ye my heart was sair,
+  When I laid the moul on his yellow hair?
+  O think na ye my heart was wae,
+  When I turn'd about, away to gae?
+
+  Nae living man I'll love again,
+  Since that my lovely knight is slain;
+  Wi' ae lock of his yellow hair
+  I'll chain my heart for evermair.
+
+[Footnote A: _Poin'd_--Poinded, attached by legal distress.]
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN OF KIRCONNELL.
+
+
+The following very popular ballad has been handed down by tradition in
+its present imperfect state. The affecting incident, on which it is
+founded, is well known. A lady, of the name of Helen Irving, or Bell,[A]
+(for this is disputed by the two clans) daughter of the laird of
+Kirconnell, in Dumfries-shire, and celebrated for her beauty, was
+beloved by two gentlemen in the neighbourhood. The name of the favoured
+suitor was Adam Fleming, of Kirkpatrick; that of the other has escaped
+tradition; though it has been alleged, that he was a Bell, of Blacket
+House. The addresses of the latter were, however, favoured by the
+friends of the lady, and the lovers were therefore obliged to meet in
+secret, and by night, in the church-yard of Kirconnell, a romantic spot,
+surrounded by the river Kirtle. During one of those private interviews,
+the jealous and despised lover suddenly appeared on the opposite bank of
+the stream, and levelled his carabine at the breast of his rival. Helen
+threw herself before her lover, received in her bosom the bullet, and
+died in his arms. A desperate and mortal combat ensued between Fleming
+and the murderer, in which the latter was cut to pieces. Other accounts
+say, that Fleming pursued his enemy to Spain, and slew him in the
+streets of Madrid.
+
+[Footnote A: This dispute is owing to the uncertain date of the ballad;
+for, although the last proprietors if Kirconnell were Irvings, when
+deprived of their possession by Robert Maxwell in 1600, yet Kirconnell
+is termed in old chronicles _The Bell's Tower;_ and a stone, with the
+arms of that family, has been found among its ruins. Fair Helen's
+sirname, therefore, depends upon the period at which she lived, which it
+is now impossible to ascertain.]
+
+The ballad, as now published, consists of two parts. The first seems to
+be an address, either by Fleming or his rival, to the lady; if, indeed,
+it constituted any portion of the original poem. For the editor cannot
+help suspecting, that these verses have been the production of a
+different and inferior bard, and only adapted to the original measure
+and tune. But this suspicion, being unwarranted by any copy he has been
+able to procure, he does not venture to do more than intimate his own
+opinion. The second part, by far the most beautiful, and which is
+unquestionably original, forms the lament of Fleming over the grave of
+fair Helen.
+
+The ballad is here given, without alteration or improvement, from the
+most accurate copy which could be recovered. The fate of Helen has not,
+however, remained unsung by modern bards. A lament, of great poetical
+merit, by the learned historian Mr Pinkerton, with several other poems
+on this subject, have been printed in various forms.
+
+The grave of the lovers is yet shewn in the church-yard of Kirconnell,
+near Springkell. Upon the tomb-stone can still be read--_Hie jacet
+Adamus Fleming;_ a cross and sword are sculptured on the stone. The
+former is called, by the country people, the gun with which Helen was
+murdered; and the latter, the avenging sword of her lover. _Sit illis
+terra levis!_ A heap of stones is raised on the spot where the murder
+was committed; a token of abhorrence common to most nations.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: This practice has only very lately become obsolete in
+Scotland. The editor remembers, that, a few years ago, a cairn was
+pointed out to him in the King's Park of Edinburgh, which had been
+raised in detestation of a cruel murder, perpetrated by one Nicol
+Muschet, on the body of his wife, in that place, in the year 1720.]
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN.
+
+PART FIRST.
+
+
+  O! sweetest sweet, and fairest fair,
+  Of birth and worth beyond compare,
+  Thou art the causer of my care,
+  Since first I loved thee.
+
+  Yet God hath given to me a mind,
+  The which to thee shall prove as kind
+  As any one that thou shalt find,
+  Of high or low degree.
+
+  The shallowest water makes maist din,
+  The deadest pool the deepest linn.
+  The richest man least truth within,
+  Though he preferred be.
+
+  Yet, nevertheless, I am content,
+  And never a whit my love repent,
+  But think the time was a' weel spent,
+   Though I disdained be.
+
+  O! Helen sweet, and maist complete,
+  My captive spirit's at thy feet!
+  Thinks thou still fit thus for to treat
+   Thy captive cruelly?
+
+  O! Helen brave! but this I crave,
+  Of thy poor slave some pity have,
+  And do him save that's near his grave,
+   And dies for love of thee.
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN.
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+  I wish I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  O that I were where Helen lies,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee!
+
+  Curst be the heart, that thought the thought,
+  And curst the hand, that fired the shot,
+  When in my arms burd[A] Helen dropt,
+   And died to succour me!
+
+  O think na ye my heart was sair,
+  When my love dropt down and spak nae mair!
+  There did she swoon wi' meikle care,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  As I went down the water side,
+  None but my foe to be my guide.
+  None but my foe to be my guide,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I lighted down, my sword did draw,
+  I hacked him in pieces sma,
+  I hacked him in pieces sma,
+   For her sake that died for me.
+
+  O Helen fair, beyond compare!
+  I'll make a garland of thy hair,
+  Shall bind my heart for evermair,
+   Untill the day I die.
+
+  O that I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  Out of my bed she bids me rise,
+   Says, "haste, and come to me!"
+
+  O Helen fair! O Helen chaste!
+  If I were with thee I were blest,
+  Where thou lies low, and takes thy rest,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I wish my grave were growing green,
+  A winding sheet drawn ower my een,
+  And I in Helen's arms lying,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I wish I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  And I am weary of the skies,
+   For her sake that died for me.
+
+[Footnote A: _Burd Helen_--Maid Helen.]
+
+
+
+HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+The Graemes, as we have had frequent occasion to notice, were a powerful
+and numerous clan, who chiefly inhabited the Debateable Land. They were
+said to be of Scottish extraction, and their chief claimed his descent
+from Malice, earl of Stratherne. In military service, they were more
+attached to England than to Scotland; but, in their depredations on both
+countries, they appear to have been very impartial; for, in the year
+1600, the gentlemen of Cumberland alleged to Lord Scroope, "that the
+Graemes, and their clans, with their children, tenants, and servants,
+were the chiefest actors in the spoil and decay of the country."
+Accordingly, they were, at that time, obliged to give a bond of surety
+for each other's peaceable demeanour; from which bond, their numbers
+appear to have exceeded four hundred men.--See _Introduction to_
+NICOLSON'S _History of Cumberland,_ p. cviii.
+
+Richard Graeme, of the family of Netherbye, was one of the attendants
+upon Charles I., when prince of Wales, and accompanied him upon his
+romantic journey through France and Spain. The following little
+anecdote, which then occurred, will shew, that the memory of the
+Graemes' border exploits was at that time still preserved.
+
+"They were now entered into the deep time of Lent, and could get no
+flesh in their inns. Whereupon fell out a pleasant passage, if I may
+insert it, by the way, among more serious. There was, near Bayonne,
+a herd of goats, with their young ones; upon the sight whereof, Sir
+Richard Graham tells the marquis (of Buckingham), that he would snap one
+of the kids, and make some shift to carry him snug to their lodging.
+Which the prince overhearing, 'Why, Richard,' says he, 'do you think you
+may practise here your old tricks upon the borders?' Upon which words,
+they, in the first place, gave the goat-herd good contentment; and then,
+while the marquis and Richard, being both on foot, were chasing the kid
+about the stack, the prince, from horseback, killed him in the head,
+with a Scottish pistol.--Which circumstance, though trifling, may yet
+serve to shew how his Royal Highness, even in such slight and sportful
+damage, had a noble sense of just dealing."--_Sir_ HENRY WOTTON'S _Life
+of the Duke of Buckingham._
+
+I find no traces of this particular Hughie Graeme, of the ballad; but,
+from the mention of the _Bishop_, I suspect he may have been one, of
+about four hundred borderers, against whom bills of complaint were
+exhibited to Robert Aldridge, lord bishop of Carlisle, about 1553, for
+divers incursions, burnings, murders, mutilations, and spoils, by them
+committed.--NICHOLSON'S _History, Introduction_, lxxxi. There appear
+a number of Graemes, in the specimen which we have of that list of
+delinquents. There occur, in particular,
+
+  Ritchie Grame of Bailie,
+  Will's Jock Grame,
+  Fargue's Willie Grame,
+  Muckle Willie Grame,
+  Will Grame of Rosetrees,
+  Ritchie Grame, younger of Netherby,
+  Wat Grame, called Flaughtail,
+  Will Grame, Nimble Willie,
+  Will Grahame, Mickle Willie,
+
+with many others.
+
+In Mr Ritson's curious and valuable collection of legendary poetry,
+entitled _Ancient Songs_, he has published this Border ditty, from a
+collation of two old black-letter copies, one in the collection of the
+late John duke of Roxburghe, and another in the hands of John Bayne,
+Esq.--The learned editor mentions another copy, beginning, "Good Lord
+John is a hunting gone." The present edition was procured for me by
+my friend Mr W. Laidlaw, in Blackhouse, and has been long current in
+Selkirkshire. Mr Ritson's copy has occasionally been resorted to for
+better readings.
+
+
+
+HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+  Gude Lord Scroope's to the hunting gane,
+   He has ridden o'er moss and muir;
+  And he has grippit Hughie the Graeme,
+   For stealing o' the Bishop's mare.
+
+  "Now, good Lord Scroope, this may not be!
+   "Here hangs a broad sword by my side;
+  "And if that thou canst conquer me,
+   "The matter it may soon be tryed."
+
+  "I ne'er was afraid of a traitor thief;
+   "Although thy name be Hughie the Graeme,
+  "I'll make thee repent thee of thy deeds,
+   "If God but grant me life and time."
+
+  "Then do your worst now, good Lord Scroope,
+   "And deal your blows as hard as you can!
+  "It shall be tried, within an hour,
+   "Which of us two is the better man."
+
+  But as they were dealing their blows so free,
+   And both so bloody at the time,
+  Over the moss came ten yeomen so tall,
+   All for to take brave Hughie the Graeme.
+
+  Then they hae grippit Hughie the Graeme,
+   And brought him up through Carlisle town;
+  The lasses and lads stood on the walls,
+   Crying, "Hughie the Graeme, thou'se ne'er gae down!"
+
+  Then hae they chosen a jury of men,
+   The best that were in Carlisle[A] town;
+  And twelve of them cried out at once,
+   "Hughie the Graeme, thou must gae down!"
+
+  Then up bespake him gude Lord Hume,[B]
+   As he sat by the judge's knee,--
+  "Twentie white owsen, my gude lord,
+   "If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me."
+
+  "O no, O no, my gude Lord Hume!
+   "For sooth and sae it manna be;
+  "For, were there but three Graemes of the name,
+   "They suld be hanged a' for me."
+
+  'Twas up and spake the gude Lady Hume,
+   As she sate by the judge's knee,--
+  A peck of white pennies, my gude lord judge,
+   "If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me."
+
+  "O no, O no, my gude Lady Hume!
+   "Forsooth and so it mustna be;
+  "Were he but the one Graeme of the name,
+   "He suld be hanged high for me."
+
+  "If I be guilty," said Hughie the Graeme,
+   "Of me my friends shall hae small talk;"
+  And he has loup'd fifteen feet and three,
+   Though his hands they were tied behind his back.
+
+  He looked over his left shoulder,
+   And for to see what he might see;
+  There was he aware of his auld father,
+   Came tearing his hair most piteouslie.
+
+  "O hald your tongue, my father," he says,
+   "And see that ye dinna weep for me!
+  "For they may ravish me o' my life,
+   "But they canna banish me fro' heaven hie.'
+
+  "Fare ye weel, fair Maggie, my wife!
+   "The last time we came ower the muir,
+  "'Twas thou bereft me of my life,
+   "And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.
+
+  "Here, Johnie Armstrang, take thou my sword,
+   "That is made o' the metal sae fine;
+  "And when thou comest to the English[C] side,
+   "Remember the death of Hughie the Graeme."
+
+
+[Footnote A: _Garlard_--Anc. Songs.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Boles_--Anc. Songs.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Border_--Anc, Songs.]
+
+
+
+NOTE ON HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+_And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore._--P. 326, v. 9.
+
+Of the morality of Robert Aldridge, bishop of Carlisle, we know but
+little; but his political and religious faith were of a stretching and
+accommodating texture. Anthony a Wood observes, that there were many
+changes in his time, both in church and state; but that the worthy
+prelate retained his offices and preferments during them all.
+
+
+
+JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.
+
+AN ANCIENT NITHESDALE BALLAD.
+
+
+The hero of this ballad appears to have been an outlaw and
+deer-stealer--probably one of the broken men residing upon the border.
+There are several different copies, in one of which the principal
+personage is called _Johnie of Cockielaw_. The stanzas of greatest merit
+have been selected from each copy. It is sometimes said, that this
+outlaw possessed the old castle of Morton, in Dumfries-shire, now
+ruinous:--"Near to this castle there was a park, built by Sir Thomas
+Randolph, on the face of a very great and high hill; so artificially,
+that, by the advantage of the hill, all wild beasts, such as deers,
+harts, and roes, and hares, did easily leap in, but could not get out
+again; and if any other cattle, such as cows, sheep, or goats, did
+voluntarily leap in, or were forced to do it, _it is doubted_ if their
+owners were permitted to get them out again."--_Account of Presbytery
+of Penpont, apud Macfarlane's MSS._ Such a park would form a convenient
+domain to an outlaw's castle, and the mention of Durrisdeer, a
+neighbouring parish, adds weight to the tradition. I have seen, on a
+mountain near Callendar, a sort of pinfold, composed of immense rocks,
+piled upon each other, which, I was told, was anciently constructed for
+the above-mentioned purpose. The mountain is thence called _Uah var_, or
+the _Cove of the Giant_.
+
+
+
+JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.
+
+AN ANCIENT NITHISDALE BALLAD.
+
+
+  Johnie rose up in a May morning,
+   Called for water to wash his hands--
+  "Gar loose to me the gude graie dogs
+   "That are bound wi' iron bands,"
+
+  When Johnie's mother gat word o' that,
+   Her hands for dule she wrang--
+  "O Johnie! for my benison,
+   "To the grenewood dinna gang!
+
+  "Eneugh ye hae o' the gude wheat bread,
+   "And eneugh o' the blude-red wine;
+  "And, therefore, for nae venison, Johnie,
+   "I pray ye, stir frae hame."
+
+  But Johnie's busk't up his gude bend bow,
+   His arrows, ane by ane;
+  And he has gane to Durrisdeer
+   To hunt the dun deer down.
+
+  As he came down by Merriemass,
+   And in by the benty line,
+  There has he espied a deer lying
+   Aneath a bush of ling.[A]
+
+  Johnie he shot, and the dun deer lap,
+   And he wounded her on the side;
+  But, atween the water and the brae,
+   His hounds they laid her pride.
+
+  And Johnie has bryttled[B] the deer sae weel,
+   That he's had out her liver and lungs;
+  And wi' these he has feasted his bludy hounds,
+   As if they had been erl's sons.
+
+  They eat sae much o' the venison,
+   And drank sae much o' the blude,
+  That Johnie and a' his bludy hounds
+   Fell asleep, as they had been dead.
+
+  And by there came a silly auld carle,
+   An ill death mote he die!
+  For he's awa to Hislinton,
+   Where the Seven Foresters did lie.
+
+  "What news, what news, ye gray-headed carle,
+   "What news bring ye to me?"
+  "I bring nae news," said the gray-headed carle,
+   "Save what these eves did see.
+
+  "As I came down by Merriemass,
+   "And down amang the scroggs,[C]
+  "The bonniest childe that ever I saw
+   "Lay sleeping amang his dogs.
+
+  "The shirt that was upon his back
+   "Was o' the Holland fine;
+  "The doublet which was over that
+   "Was o' the lincome twine.
+
+  "The buttons that were on his sleeve
+   "Were o' the goud sae gude;
+  "The gude graie hounds he lay amang,
+   "Their months were dyed wi' blude."
+
+  Then out and spak the First Forester,
+   The held man ower them a'--
+  If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,
+   "Nae nearer will we draw."
+
+  But up and spak the Sixth Forester,
+   (His sister's son was he)
+  "If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,
+   "We soon snall gar him die!"
+
+  The first flight of arrows the Foresters shot,
+   They wounded him on the knee;
+  And out and spak the Seventh Forester,
+   "The next will gar him die."
+
+  Johnie's set his back against an aik,
+     His fute against a stane;
+    And he has slain the Seven Foresters,
+     He has slam them a' but ane.
+
+    He has broke three ribs in that ane's side,
+     But and his collar bane;
+    He's laid him twa-fald ower his steed,
+     Bade him cany the tidings hame.
+
+    "O is there na a bonnie bird,
+     "Can sing as I can say;
+    "Could flee away to my mother's bower,
+     "And tell to fetch Johnie away?"
+
+    The starling flew to his mother's window stane,
+     It whistled and it sang;
+    And aye the ower word o' the tune
+     Was--"Johnie tarries lang!"
+
+  They made a rod o the hazel bush,
+   Another o' the slae-thorn tree,
+  And mony mony were the men
+   At fetching our Johnie.
+
+  Then out and spak his auld mother,
+   And fast her tears did fa'--
+  "Ye wad nae be warned, my son Johnie,
+   "Frae the hunting to bide awa.
+
+  "Aft hae I brought to Breadislee,
+   "The less gear[D] and the mair,
+  "But I ne'er brought to Breadislee,
+   "What grieved my heart sae sair!
+
+  "But wae betyde that silly auld carle!
+   "An ill death shall he die!
+  "For the highest tree in Merriemass
+   "Shall be his morning's fee."
+
+  Now Johnie's gude bend bow is broke,
+   And his gude graie dogs are slain;
+  And his body lies dead in Durrisdeer,
+   And his hunting it is done.
+
+[Footnote A: _Ling_--Heath.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Brytlled_--To cut up venison. See the ancient ballad of
+_Chevy Chace_, v. 8.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Scroggs_--Stunted trees.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Gear_--Usually signifies _goods_, but here _spoil_.]
+
+
+
+KATHERINE JANFARIE.
+
+
+_The Ballad was published in the first edition of this work, under the
+title of_ "The Laird of Laminton." _It is now given in a more perfect
+state, from several recited copies. The residence of the Lady, and the
+scene of the affray at her bridal, is said, by old people, to have been
+upon the banks of the Cadden, near to where it joins the Tweed. Others
+say the skirmish was fought near Traquair, and_ KATHERINE JANFARIE'S
+_dwelling was in the glen, about three miles above Traquair house._
+
+
+  There was a may, and a weel far'd may.,
+   Lived high up in yon glen;
+  Her name was Katherine Janfarie,
+   She was courted by mony men.
+
+  Up then came Lord Lauderdale,
+   Up frae the Lawland border;
+  And he has come to court this may,
+   A' mounted in good order.
+
+  He told na her father, he told na her mother,
+   And he told na ane o' her kin;
+  But he whisper'd the bonnie lassie hersel',
+   And has her favour won.
+
+  But out then cam Lord Lochinvar,
+   Out frae the English border,
+  All for to court this bonnie may,
+   Weil mounted, and in order.
+
+  He told her father, he told her mother,
+   And a' the lave o' her kin;
+  But he told na the bonnie may hersel',
+   Till on her wedding e'en.
+
+  She sent to the Lord of Lauderdale,
+   Gin he wad come and see;
+  And he has sent word back again,
+   Weel answered she suld be.
+
+  And he has sent a messenger
+   Right quickly through the land,
+  And raised mony an armed man
+   To be at his command.
+
+  The bride looked out at a high window,
+   Beheld baith dale and down,
+  And she was aware of her first true love,
+   With riders mony a one.
+
+  She scoffed him, and scorned him,
+   Upon her wedding day;
+  And said--"It was the Fairy court
+   "To see him in array!
+
+  "O come ye here to fight, young lord,
+   "Or come ye here to play?
+  "Or come ye here to drink good wine
+   "Upon the wedding day?"
+
+  "I come na here to fight," he said,
+   "I come na here to play;
+  "I'll but lead a dance wi' the bonnie bride,
+   "And mount and go my way."
+
+  It is a glass of the blood-red wine
+   Was filled up them between,
+  And aye she drank to Lauderdale,
+   Wha her true love had been.
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+   And by the grass-green sleeve;
+  He's mounted her hie behind himsell,
+   At her kinsmen spear'd na leave.
+
+  "Now take your bride, Lord Lochinvar!
+   "Now take her if you may!
+  "But, if you take your bride again,
+   "We'll call it but foul play."
+
+  There were four-and-twenty bonnie boys,
+   A' clad in the Johnstone grey;[A]
+  They said they would take the bride again,
+   By the strong hand, if they may.
+
+  Some o' them were right willing men,
+   But they were na willing a';
+  And four-and-twenty Leader lads
+   Bid them mount and ride awa'.
+
+  Then whingers flew frae gentles' sides,
+   And swords flew frae the shea's,
+  And red and rosy was the blood
+   Ran down the lily braes.
+
+  The blood ran down by Caddon bank,
+   And down by Caddon brae;
+  And, sighing, said the bonnie bride--
+   "O waes me for foul play!"
+
+  My blessing on your heart, sweet thing!
+   Wae to your willfu' will!
+  There's mony a gallant gentleman
+   Whae's blude ye have garr'd to spill.
+
+  Now a' you lords of fair England,
+   And that dwell by the English border,
+  Come never here to seek a wife,
+   For fear of sic disorder.
+
+  They'll haik ye up, and settle ye bye,
+   Till on your wedding day;
+  Then gie ye frogs instead of fish,
+   And play ye foul foul play.
+
+[Footnote A: _Johnstone grey_--The livery of the ancient family of
+Johnstone.]
+
+
+
+THE LAIRD O' LOGIE
+
+
+An edition of this ballad is current, under the title of "The Laird of
+Ochiltree;" but the editor, since publication of this work, has been
+fortunate enough to recover the following more correct and ancient copy,
+as recited by a gentleman residing near Biggar. It agrees more nearly,
+both in the name and in the circumstances, with the real fact, than the
+printed ballad of Ochiltree.
+
+In the year 1592, Francis Stuart, earl of Bothwell, was agitating his
+frantic and ill-concerted attempts against the person of James VI.,
+whom he endeavoured to surprise in the palace of Falkland. Through the
+emulation and private rancour of the courtiers, he found adherents even
+about the king's person; among whom, it seems, was the hero of our
+ballad, whose history is thus narrated in that curious and valuable
+chronicle, of which the first part has been published under the title
+of "The Historie of "King James the Sext," and the second is now in the
+press.
+
+"In this close tyme it fortunit, that a gentelman, callit Weymis of
+Logye, being also in credence at court, was delatit as a traffekker with
+Frances Erle Bothwell; and he being examinat before king and counsall,
+confessit his accusation to be of veritie, that sundrie tymes he had
+spokin with him, expresslie aganis the king's inhibitioun proclamit in
+the contrare, whilk confession he subscryvit with his hand; and because
+the event of this mater had sik a succes, it sall also be praysit be
+my pen, as a worthie turne, proceiding frome honest chest loove and
+charitie, whilk suld on na wayis be obscurit from the posteritie for the
+gude example; and therefore I have thought gude to insert the same for a
+perpetual memorie.
+
+"Queen Anne, our noble princess, was servit with dyverss gentilwemen
+of hir awin cuntrie, and naymelie with are callit Mres Margaret
+Twynstoun,[A] to whome this gentilman, Weymes of Logye, bure great
+honest affection, tending to the godlie band of marriage, the whilk was
+honestlie requytet be the said gentilwoman, yea evin in his greatest
+mister; for howsone she understude the said gentilman to be in distress,
+and apperantlie be his confession to be puueist to the death, and she
+having prevelege to ly in the queynis chalmer that same verie night of
+his accusation, whare the king was also reposing that same night, she
+came forth of the dur prevelie, bayth the prencis being then at quyet
+rest, and past to the chalmer, whare the said gentilman was put
+in custodie to certayne of the garde, and commandit thayme that
+immediatelie he sould be broght to the king and queyne, whareunto thay
+geving sure credence, obeyit. Bot howsone she was cum bak to the chalmer
+dur, she desyrit the watches to stay till he sould cum furth agayne, and
+so she closit the dur, and convoyit the gentilman to a windo', whare she
+ministrat a long corde unto him to convoy himself doun upon; and sa,
+be hir gude cheritable help, he happelie escapit be the subteltie of
+loove."
+
+[Footnote A: Twynelace, according to Spottiswoode.]
+
+
+
+THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.
+
+
+  I will sing, if ye will hearken,
+   If ye will hearken unto me;
+  The king has ta'en a poor prisoner,
+   The wanton laird o' young Logie.
+
+  Young Logie's laid in Edinburgh chapel;
+   Carmichael's the keeper o' the key;
+  And may Margaret's lamenting sair,
+   A' for the love of young Logie.
+
+  "Lament, lament na, may Margaret,
+   "And of your weeping let me be;
+  "For ye maun to the king himsell,
+   "To seek the life of young Logie."
+
+  May Margaret has kilted her green cleiding,
+  And she has curl'd back her yellow hair--
+  "If I canna get young Logie's life,
+  "Fareweel to Scotland for evermair."
+
+  When she came before the king,
+  She knelit lowly on her knee--
+  "O what's the matter, may Margaret?
+  "And what needs a' this courtesie?"
+
+  "A boon, a boon, my noble liege,
+  "A boon, a boon, I beg o' thee!
+  "And the first boon that I come to crave,
+  "Is to grant me the life of young Logic."
+
+  "O na, O na, may Margaret,
+  "Forsooth, and so it manna be;
+  "For a' the gowd o' fair Scotland
+  "Shall not save the life of young Logie."
+
+  But she has stown the king's redding kaim,[A]
+  Likewise the queen her wedding knife;
+  And sent the tokens to Carmichael,
+  To cause young Logic get his life.
+
+  She sent him a purse o' the red gowd,
+   Another o' the white monie;
+  She sent him a pistol for each hand,
+   And bade him shoot when he gat free.
+
+  When he came to the tolbooth stair,
+   There he let his volley flee;
+  It made the king in his chamber start,
+   E'en in the bed where he might be.
+
+  "Gae out, gae out, my merrymen a',
+   "And bid Carmichael come speak to me;
+  "For I'll lay my life the pledge o' that,
+   "That yon's the shot o' young Logie."
+
+  When Carmichael came before the king,
+   He fell low down upon his knee;
+  The very first word that the king spake,
+   Was--"Where's the laird of young Logie?"
+
+  Carmichael turn'd him round about,
+   (I wot the tear blinded his eye)
+  "There came a token frae your grace,
+   "Has ta'en away the laird frae me."
+
+  "Hast thou play'd me that, Carmichael?"
+   "And hast thou play'd me that?" quoth he;
+  "The morn the justice court's to stand,
+   "And Logic's place ye maun supply."
+
+  Carmichael's awa to Margaret's bower,
+   Even as fast as he may drie--
+  "O if young Logie be within,
+   "Tell him to come and speak with me!"
+
+  May Margaret turned her round about,
+   (I wot a loud laugh laughed she)
+  "The egg is chipped, the bird is flown,
+   "Ye'll see na mair of young Logie."
+
+  The tane is shipped at the pier of Leith,
+   The tother at the Queen's Ferrie;
+  And she's gotten a father to her bairn,
+   The wanton laird of young Logie.
+
+[Footnote A: _Redding kain_--Comb for the hair.]
+
+
+
+NOTE ON THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.
+
+
+_Carmichael's the keeper o' the key._--P. 344. v. 2.
+
+Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael, the hero of the ballad, called the
+Raid of the Reidswair, was appointed captain of the king's guard in
+1588, and usually had the keeping of state criminals of rank.
+
+
+
+A LYKE-WAKE DIRGE.
+
+
+This is a sort of charm, sung by the lower ranks of Roman Catholics, in
+some parts of the north of England, while watching a dead body, previous
+to interment. The tune is doleful and monotonous, and, joined to the
+mysterious import of the words, has a solemn effect. The word _sleet_,
+in the chorus, seems to be corrupted from _selt_, or salt; a quantity of
+which, in compliance with a popular superstition, is frequently placed
+on the breast of a corpse.
+
+The mythologic ideas of the dirge are common to various creeds. The
+Mahometan believes, that, in advancing to the final judgment seat, he
+must traverse a bar of red-hot iron, stretched across a bottomless
+gulph. The good works of each true believer, assuming a substantial
+form, will then interpose betwixt his feet and this _"Bridge of Dread;"_
+but the wicked, having no such protection, must fall headlong into the
+abyss.--D'HERBELOT, _Bibiotheque Orientale_.
+
+Passages, similar to this dirge, are also to be found in _Lady Culross's
+Dream_, as quoted in the second Dissertation prefixed by Mr Pinkerton
+to his _Select Scottish Ballads_, 2 vols. The dreamer journeys towards
+heaven, accompanied and assisted by a celestial guide:
+
+  Through dreadful dens, which made my heart aghast,
+  He bare me up when I began to tire.
+  Sometimes we clamb o'er craggy mountains high.
+  And sometimes stay'd on uglie braes of sand:
+  They were so stay that wonder was to see;
+  But, when I fear'd, he held me by the hand.
+  Through great deserts we wandered on our way--
+  Forward we passed on narrow bridge of trie,
+  O'er waters great, which hediously did roar.
+
+Again, she supposes herself suspended over an infernal gulph:
+
+  Ere I was ware, one gripped me at the last,
+  And held me high above a naming fire.
+  The fire was great; the heat did pierce me sore;
+  My faith grew weak.; my grip was very small;
+  I trembled fast; my fear grew more and more.
+
+A horrible picture of the same kind, dictated probably by the author's
+unhappy state of mind, is to be found in Brooke's _Fool of Quality_. The
+dreamer, a ruined female, is suspended over the gulph of perdition by
+a single hair, which is severed by a demon, who, in the form of her
+seducer springs upwards from the flames.
+
+The Russian funeral service, without any allegorical imagery, expresses
+the sentiment of the dirge in language alike simple and noble.
+
+"Hast thou pitied the afflicted, O man? In death shalt thou be pitied.
+Hast thou consoled the orphan? The orphan will deliver thee.
+Hast thou clothed the naked? The naked will procure thee
+protection."--RICHARDSON'S _Anecdotes of Russia._
+
+But the most minute description of the _Brig o' Dread_, occurs in the
+legend of _Sir Owain_, No. XL. in the MS. Collection of Romances, W.
+4.1. Advocates' Library, Edinburgh; though its position is not the same
+as in the dirge, which may excite a suspicion that the order of the
+stanzas in the latter has been transposed. Sir Owain, a Northumbrian
+knight, after many frightful adventures in St Patrick's purgatory, at
+last arrives at the bridge, which, in the legend, is placed betwixt
+purgatory and paradise:
+
+  The fendes han the knight ynome,
+  To a stinkand water thai ben ycome,
+    He no seigh never er non swiche;
+  It stank fouler than ani hounde.
+  And maui mile it was to the grounde.
+    And was as swart as piche.
+
+  And Owain seigh ther ouer ligge
+  A swithe strong naru brigge:
+    The fendes seyd tho;
+  "Lo! sir knight, sestow this?
+  "This is the brigge of paradis,
+    "Here ouer thou must go.
+
+  "And we the schul with stones prowe,
+  "And the winde the schul ouer blow,
+    "And wirche the full wo;
+  "Thou no schalt tor all this unduerd,
+  "Bot gif thou falle a midwerd,
+    "To our fewes[A] mo.
+
+  "And when thou art adown yfalle,
+  "Than schal com our felawes alle,
+      "And with her hokes the hede;
+  "We schul the teche a newe play:
+  "Thou hast served ous mani a day,
+  "And into helle the lede."
+
+  Owain biheld the brigge smert,
+  The water ther under blac and swert,
+      And sore him gan to drede:
+  For of othing he tok yeme,
+  Never mot, in sonne beme,
+      Thicker than the fendes yede.
+
+  The brigge was as heigh as a tour,
+  And as scharpe as a rasour,
+      And naru it was also;
+  And the water that ther ran under,
+  Brend o' lighting and of thonder,
+      That thoght him michel wo.
+
+  Ther nis no clerk may write with ynke,
+  No no man no may bithink,
+      No no maister deuine;
+  That is ymade forsoth ywis.
+  Under the brigge of paradis,
+      Halvendel the pine.
+
+  So the dominical ous telle,
+  That is the pure entrae of helle,
+      Seine Poule berth witnesse;[A]
+  Whoso falleth of the brigge adown,
+  Of him nis no redempcioun,
+      Noîther more nor lesse.
+
+  The fendes seyd to the knight tho,
+  "Ouer this brigge might thou nowght go,
+      "For noneskines nede;
+  "Fle peril sorwe and wo,
+  "And to that stede ther thou com fro,
+      "Wel fair we schul the lede."
+
+  Owain anon be gan bithenche,
+  Fram hou mani of the fendes wrenche,
+    God him saved hadde;
+  He sett his fot opon the brigge,
+  No feld he no scharpe egge,
+    No nothing him no drad.
+
+  When the fendes yseigh tho,
+  That he was more than half ygo,
+    Loude thai gun to crie;
+  "Alias! alias! that he was born!
+  "This ich night we have forlorn
+    "Out of our baylie."
+
+[Footnote A: _Fewes_--Probably contracted for fellows.]
+
+[Footnote B: The reader will probably search St Paul in vain, for the
+evidence here referred to.]
+
+The author of the _Legend of Sir Owain_, though a zealous catholic, has
+embraced, in the fullest extent, the Talmudic doctrine of an earthly
+paradise, distinct from the celestial abode of the just, and serving as
+a place of initiation, preparatory to perfect bliss, and to the beatific
+vision.--See the Rabbi Menasse ben Israel, in a treatise called
+_Nishmath Chajim_, i.e. The Breath of Life.
+
+
+
+THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.
+
+NOW FIRST PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad, which is a very great favourite among the inhabitants of
+Ettrick Forest, is universally believed to be founded in fact. The
+editor found it easy to collect a variety of copies; but very difficult,
+indeed, to select from them such a collated edition, as may, in any
+degree, suit the taste of "these more light and giddy-paced times."
+
+Tradition places the event, recorded in the song, very early; and it
+is probable that the ballad was composed soon afterwards, although
+the language has been gradually modernized, in the course of
+its transmission to us, through the inaccurate channel of oral
+tradition.--The bard does not relate particulars, but barely the
+striking outlines of a fact, apparently so well known when he wrote,
+as to render minute detail as unnecessary, as it is always tedious and
+unpoetical.
+
+The hero of the ballad was a knight of great bravery, called Scott,
+who is said to have resided at Kirkhope, or Oakwood castle, and is, in
+tradition, termed the Baron of Oakwood. The estate of Kirkhope belonged
+anciently to the Scotts of Harden: Oakwood is still their property,
+and has been so from time immemorial. The editor was therefore led to
+suppose, that the hero of the ballad might have been identified with
+John Scott, sixth son of the laird of Harden, murdered in Ettrick
+Forest by his kinsmen, the Scotts of Gilmanscleugh (see notes to _Jamie
+Telfer_, Vol. I. p. 152). This appeared the more probable, as the common
+people always affirm, that this young man was treacherously slain, and
+that, in evidence thereof, his body remained uncorrupted for many years;
+so that even the roses on his shoes seemed as fresh as when he was first
+laid in the family vault at Hassendean. But from a passage in Nisbet's
+Heraldry, he now believes the ballad refers to a duel fought at
+Deucharswyre, of which Annan's Treat is a part, betwixt John Scott of
+Tushielaw and his brother-in-law Walter Scott, third son of Robert of
+Thirlestane, in which the latter was slain.
+
+In ploughing Annan's Treat, a huge monumental stone, with an
+inscription, was discovered; but being rather scratched than engraved,
+and the lines being run through each other, it is only possible to
+read one or two Latin words. It probably records the event of the
+combat.--The person slain was the male ancestor of the present Lord
+Napier.
+
+Tradition affirms, that the hero of the song (be he who he may) was
+murdered by the brother, either of his wife, or betrothed bride. The
+alleged cause of malice was, the lady's father having proposed to endow
+her with half of his property, upon her marriage with a warrior of such
+renown. The name of the murderer is said to have been Annan, and the
+place of combat is still called Annan's Treat. It is a low muir, on the
+banks of the Yarrow, lying to the west of Yarrow Kirk. Two tall unhewn
+masses of stone are erected, about eighty yards distant from each other;
+and the least child, that can herd a cow, will tell the passenger, that
+there lie "the two lords, who were slain in single combat."
+
+It will be, with many readers, the greatest recommendation of these
+verses, that they are supposed to have suggested to Mr Hamilton, of
+Bangour, the modern ballad, beginning,
+
+  "Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny bonny bride."
+
+A fragment, apparently regarding the story of the following ballad, but
+in a different measure, occurs in Mr Herd's MSS., and runs thus:--
+
+  "When I look cast, my heart is sair,
+  "But when I look west, its mair and mair;
+  "For then I see the braes o' Yarrow,
+  "And there, for aye, I lost my marrow."
+
+
+
+THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.
+
+
+  Late at e'en, drinking the wine,
+   And ere they paid the lawing,
+  They set a combat them between,
+   To fight it in the dawing.
+
+  "O stay at hame, my noble lord!
+   "O stay at hame, my marrow!
+  "My cruel brother will you betray
+   "On the dowie houms of Yarrow."
+
+  "O fare ye weel, my ladye gaye!
+   "O fare ye weel, my Sarah!
+  "For I maun gae, though I ne'er return,
+   "Frae the dowie banks o' Yarrow.
+
+  She kissed his cheek, she kaimed his hair,
+   As oft she had done before, O;
+  She belted him with his noble brand,
+   And he's awa' to Yarrow.
+
+  As he gaed up the Tennies bank,
+   I wot he gaed wi' sorrow,
+  Till, down in a den, he spied nine arm'd men,
+   On the dowie houms of Yarrow.
+
+  "O come ye here to part your land,
+   "The bonnie forest thorough?
+  "Or come ye here to wield your brand,
+   "On the dowie houms of Yarrow?"
+
+  "I come not here to part my land,
+   "And neither to beg nor borrow;
+  "I come to wield my noble brand,
+   "On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.
+
+  "If I see all, ye're nine to ane;
+   "And that's an unequal marrow;
+  "Yet will I fight, while lasts my brand,
+   "On the bonnie banks of Yarrow."
+
+  Four has he hurt, and five has slain,
+   On the bloody braes of Yarrow,
+  Till that stubborn knight came him behind,
+   And ran his bodie thorough.
+
+  "Gae hame, gae hame, good-brother[A] John,
+   "And tell your sister Sarah,
+  "To come and lift her leafu' lord;
+   "He's sleepin sound on Yarrow."----
+
+  "Yestreen I dream'd a dolefu' dream;
+   "I fear there will be sorrow!
+  "I dream'd, I pu'd the heather green,
+   "Wi' my true love, on Yarrow.
+
+  "O gentle wind, that bloweth south,
+   "From where my love repaireth,
+  "Convey a kiss from his dear mouth,
+   "And tell me how he fareth!
+
+  "But in the glen strive armed men;
+   "They've wrought me dole and sorrow;
+  "They've slain--the comeliest knight they've slain--
+   "He bleeding lies on Yarrow."
+
+  As she sped down yon high high hill,
+   She gaed wi' dole and sorrow,
+  And in the den spyed ten slain men,
+   On the dowie banks of Yarrow.
+
+  She kissed his cheek, she kaim'd his hair,
+   She search'd his wounds all thorough;
+  She kiss'd them, till her lips grew red,
+   On the dowie houms of Yarrow.
+
+  "Now, haud your tongue, my daughter dear!
+   "For a' this breeds but sorrow;
+  "I'll wed ye to a better lord,
+   "Than him ye lost on Yarrow."
+
+  "O haud your tongue, my father dear!
+   "Ye mind me but of sorrow;
+  "A fairer rose did never bloom
+   "Than now lies cropp'd on Yarrow."
+
+[Footnote A: _Good-brother_--Beau-frere, Brother-in-law.]
+
+
+
+
+THE GAY GOSS HAWK.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_This Ballad is published, partly from one, under this title, in Mrs_
+BROWN'S _Collection, and partly from a MS. of some antiquity,_ penes
+Edit.--_The stanzas appearing to possess mo st merit have been selected
+from each copy._
+
+
+  "O waly, waly, my gay goss hawk,
+   "Gin your feathering be sheen!"
+  "And waly, waly, my master dear,
+   "Gin ye look pale and lean!
+
+  "O have ye tint, at tournament,
+   "Your sword, or yet your spear?
+  "Or mourn ye for the southern lass,
+   "Whom you may not win near?"
+
+  "I have not tint, at tournament,
+   "My sword, nor yet my spear;
+  "But sair I mourn for my true love,
+   "Wi' mony a bitter tear.
+
+  "But weel's me on ye, my gay goss hawk,
+   "Ye can baith speak and flee;
+  "Ye sall carry a letter to my love,
+   "Bring an answer back to me."
+
+  "But how sall I your true love find,
+   "Or how suld I her know?
+  "I bear a tongue ne'er wi' her spake,
+   "An eye that ne'er her saw."
+
+  "O weel sall ye my true love ken,
+   "Sae sune as ye her see;
+  "For, of a' the flowers of fair England,
+   "The fairest flower is she.
+
+  "The red, that's on my true love's cheik,
+   "Is like blood drops on the snaw;
+  "The white, that is on her breast bare,
+   "Like the down o' the white sea-maw.
+
+  "And even at my love's bour door
+   "There grows a flowering birk;
+  "And ye maun sit and sing thereon
+   "As she gangs to the kirk.
+
+  "And four-and-twenty fair ladyes
+   "Will to the mass repair;
+  "But weel may ye my ladye ken,
+   "The fairest ladye there."
+
+  Lord William has written a love letter,
+   Put it under his pinion gray;
+  And he is awa' to Southern land
+   As fast as wings can gae.
+
+  And even at that ladye's bour
+   There grew a flowering birk;
+  And he sat down and sang thereon
+   As she gaed to the kirk.
+
+  And weel he kent that ladye fair
+   Amang her maidens free;
+  For the flower, that springs in May morning,
+   Was not sae sweet as she.
+
+  He lighted at the ladye's yate,
+   And sat him on a pin;
+  And sang fu' sweet the notes o' love,
+   Till a' was cosh[A] within.
+
+  And first he sang a low low note,
+   And syne he sang a clear;
+  And aye the o'erword o' the sang
+   Was--"Your love can no win here."
+
+  "Feast on, feast on, my maidens a':
+   "The wine flows you amang:
+  "While I gang to my shot-window,
+   "And hear yon bonny bird's sang.
+
+  "Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,
+   "The sang ye sung yestreen;
+  "For weel I ken, by your sweet singing,
+   "Ye are frae my true love sen'."
+
+  O first he sang a merry sang,
+   And syne he sang a grave;
+  And syne he peck'd his feathers gray,
+   To her the letter gave.
+
+  "Have there a letter from Lord William;
+   "He says he's sent ye three:
+  "He canna wait your love langer,
+   "But for your sake he'll die."
+
+  "Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,
+   "And brew his bridal ale;
+  "And I sall meet him at Mary's kirk
+  "Lang, lang ere it be stale."
+
+  The ladye's gane to her chamber,
+   And a moanfu' woman was she;
+  As gin she had ta'en a sudden brash,[B]
+   And were about to die.
+
+  "A boon, a boon, my father deir,
+   "A boon I beg of thee!"
+  "Ask not that paughty Scottish lord,
+   "For him you ne'er shall see.
+
+  "But, for your honest asking else,
+   "Wee! granted it shall be."
+  "Then, gin I die in Southern land,
+   "In Scotland gar bury me.
+
+  "And the first kirk that ye come to,
+   "Ye's gar the mass be sung;
+  "And the next kirk that ye come to,
+   "Ye's gar the bells be rung.
+
+  "And, when ye come to St Mary's kirk,
+   "Ye's tarry there till night."
+  And so her father pledged his word,
+   And so his promise plight.
+
+  She has ta'en her to her bigly bour
+   As fast as she could fare;
+  And she has drank a sleepy draught,
+   That she had mixed wi' care.
+
+  And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,
+   That was sae bright of blee,
+  And she seemed to be as surely dead
+   As any one could be.
+
+  Then spak her cruel step-minnie,
+   "Take ye the burning lead,
+  "And drap a drap on her bosome,
+   "To try if she be dead."
+
+  They took a drap o' boiling lead,
+   They drap'd it on her breast;
+  "Alas! alas!" her father cried,
+   "She's dead without the priest."
+
+  She neither chatter'd with her teeth,
+   Nor shiver'd with her chin;
+  "Alas! alas!" her father cried,
+   "There is nae breath within."
+
+  Then up arose her seven brethren,
+   And hew'd to her a bier;
+  They hew'd it frae the solid aik,
+   Laid it o'er wi' silver clear.
+
+  Then up and gat her seven sisters,
+   And sewed to her a kell;
+  And every steek that they pat in
+   Sewed to a siller bell.
+
+  The first Scots kirk that they cam to,
+   They gar'd the bells be rung;
+  The next Scots kirk that they cam to,
+   They gar'd the mass be sung.
+
+  But when they cam to St Mary's kirk,
+   There stude spearmen, all on a raw;
+  And up and started Lord William,
+   The chieftane amang them a'.
+
+  "Set down, set down the bier," he said;
+   "Let me looke her upon:"
+  But as soon as Lord William touched her hand,
+   Her colour began to come.
+
+  She brightened like the lily flower,
+   Till her pale colour was gone;
+  With rosy cheik, and ruby lip,
+   She smiled her love upon.
+
+  "A morsel of your bread, my lord,
+   "And one glass of your wine:
+  "For I hae fasted these three lang days,
+   "All for your sake and mine.
+
+  "Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers!
+   "Gae hame and blaw your horn!
+  "I trow you wad hae gien me the skaith,
+   "But I've gien you the scorn.
+
+  "Commend me to my grey father,
+   "That wish'd, my saul gude rest;
+  "But wae be to my cruel step-dame,
+   "Gar'd burn me on the breast."
+
+  "Ah! woe to you, you light woman!
+   "An ill death may you die!
+  "For we left father and sisters at hame
+   "Breaking their hearts for thee."
+
+[Footnote A: _Cosh_--Quiet.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Brash_--Sickness.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE GAY GOSS HAWK.
+
+  _The red, that's on my true love's cheik,
+  Is like blood drops on the snaw._--P. 362. v, 5.
+
+This simile resembles a passage in a MS. translation of an Irish Fairy
+tale, called _The Adventures of Faravla, Princess of Scotland, and
+Carral O'Daly, Son of Donogho More O'Daly, Chief Bard of Ireland._
+
+"Faravla, as she entered her bower, cast her looks upon the earth, which
+was tinged with the blood of a bird which a raven had newly killed;
+'Like that snow,' said Faravla, 'was the complexion of my beloved, his
+cheeks like the sanguine traces thereon; whilst the raven recals to my
+memory the colour of his beautiful locks."
+
+There is also some resemblance, in the conduct of the story, betwixt the
+ballad and the tale just quoted. The Princess Faravla, being desperately
+in love with Carral O'Daly, dispatches in search of him a faithful
+confidant, who, by her magical art, transforms herself into a hawk, and,
+perching upon the windows of the bard, conveys to him information of the
+distress of the princess of Scotland.
+
+In the ancient romance of _Sir Tristrem_, the simile of the "blood drops
+upon snow" likewise occurs:
+
+  A bride bright thai ches
+  As blod open snoweing.
+
+
+
+BROWN ADAM.
+
+
+_There is a copy of this Ballad in Mrs_ BROWN'S _Collection. The Editor
+has seen one, printed on a single sheet. The epithet, "Smith," implies,
+probably, the sirname, not the profession, of the hero, who seems to
+have been an outlaw There is, however, in Mrs_ BROWN'S _copy, a verse
+of little merit here omitted, alluding to the implements of that
+occupation._
+
+
+  O wha wad wish the wind to blaw,
+   Or the green leaves fa' therewith?
+  Or wha wad, wish a lealer love
+   Than Brown Adam the smith?
+
+  But they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+   Frae father and frae mother;
+  And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+   Frae sister and frae brother.
+
+  And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+    The flower o' a' his kin;
+  And he's bigged a hour in gude green-wood
+    Atween his ladye and him.
+
+  It fell upon a summer's day,
+    Brown Adam he thought lang;
+  And, for to hunt some venison,
+    To green-wood he wald gang.
+
+  He has ta'en his bow his arm o'er,
+    His bolts and arrows lang;
+  And he is to the gude green-wood
+    As fast as he could gang.
+
+  O he's shot up, and he's shot down,
+    The bird upon the brier;
+  And he's sent it hame to his ladye,
+    Bade her be of gude cheir.
+
+  O he's shot up, and he's shot down,
+    The bird upon the thorn;
+  And sent it hame to his ladye,
+    Said he'd be hame the morn.
+
+  When he cam to his ladye's bour door
+   He stude a little forbye,
+  And there he heard a fou fause knight
+   Tempting his gay ladye.
+
+  For he's ta'en out a gay goud ring,
+   Had cost him mony a poun',
+  "O grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "And this shall be thy own."
+
+  "I lo'e Brown Adam weel," she said;
+   "I trew sae does he me:
+  "I wadna gie Brown Adam's love
+   "For nae fause knight I see."
+
+  Out has he ta'en a purse o' gowd,
+   Was a' fou to the string,
+  "O grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "And a' this shall be thine."
+
+  "I lo'e Brown Adam weel," she says;
+   "I wot sae does he me:
+  "I wad na be your light leman
+   "For mair than ye could gie."
+
+  Then out he drew his lang bright brand,
+   And flashed it in her een;
+  "Now grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "Or thro' ye this sall gang!"
+  Then, sighing, says that ladye fair,
+   "Brown Adam tarries lang!"
+
+  Then in and starts him Brown Adam,
+   Says--"I'm just at your hand."
+  He's gar'd him leave his bonny bow,
+   He's gar'd him leave his brand,
+  He's gar'd him leave a dearer pledge--
+   Four fingers o' his right hand.
+
+
+
+JELLON GRAME.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad is published from tradition, with some conjectural
+emendations. It is corrected by a copy in Mrs Brown's MS., from which
+it differs in the concluding stanzas. Some verses are apparently
+modernized.
+
+_Jellon_ seems to be the same name with _Jyllian_ or _Julian_. "Jyl of
+Brentford's Testament" is mentioned in Warton's _History of Poetry,-
+Vol. II. p. 40. The name repeatedly occurs in old ballads, sometimes as
+that of a man, at other times as that of a woman. Of the former is
+an instance in the ballad of _"Knight and the Shepherd's
+Daughter,"--Reliques of Ancient Poetry,_ Vol. III. p. 72.
+
+  Some do call me Jack, sweetheart.
+  And some do call me _Jille_.
+
+Witton Gilbert, a village four miles west of Durham, is, throughout the
+bishopric, pronounced Witton Jilbert. We have also the common name of
+Giles, always in Scotland pronounced Jill. For Gille, or Julianna, as
+a female name, we have _Fair Gillian_ of Croyden, and a thousand
+authorities. Such being the case, the editor must enter his protest
+against the conversion of Gil Morrice, into child Maurice, an epithet
+of chivalry. All the circumstances in that ballad argue, that the
+unfortunate hero was an obscure and very young man, who had never
+received the honour of knighthood. At any rate, there can be no reason,
+even were internal evidence totally wanting, for altering a well known
+proper name, which, till of late years, has been the uniform title of
+the ballad.
+
+
+
+JELLON GRAME.
+
+
+  O JELLON GRAME sat in Silverwood,[A]
+   He sharped his broad sword lang;
+  And he has call'd his little foot page
+   An errand for to gang.
+
+  "Win up, my bonny boy," he says,
+   "As quickly as ye may;
+  "For ye maun gang for Lillie Flower
+   "Before the break of day."
+
+  The boy has buckled his belt about,
+   And thro' the green-wood ran;
+  And he cam to the ladye's bower
+   Before the day did dawn.
+
+  "O sleep ye, wake ye, Lillie Flower?
+   "The red sun's on the rain:
+  "Ye're bidden come to Silverwood,
+   "But I doubt ye'll never win hame."
+
+  She hadna ridden a mile, a mile,
+   A mile but barely three,
+  Ere she cam to a new made grave,
+   Beneath a green aik tree.
+
+  O then up started Jellon Grame,
+   Out of a bush thereby;
+  "Light down, light down, now, Lillie Flower,
+   "For its here that ye maun lye."
+
+  She lighted aff her milk-white steed,
+   And kneel'd upon her knee;
+  "O mercy, mercy, Jellon Grame,
+   "For I'm no prepared to die!
+
+  "Your bairn, that stirs between my sides,
+   "Maun shortly see the light;
+  "But to see it weltering in my blood,
+   "Would be a piteous sight."
+
+  "O should I spare your life," he says,
+   "Until that bairn were born,
+  "Full weel I ken your auld father
+   "Would hang me on the morn."
+
+  "O spare my life, now, Jellon Grame!
+   "My father ye need na dread:
+  "I'll keep my babe in gude green-wood,
+   "Or wi' it I'll beg my bread."
+
+  He took no pity on Lillie Flower,
+   Tho' she for life did pray;
+  But pierced her thro' the fair body
+   As at his feet she lay.
+
+  He felt nae pity for Lillie Flower,
+   Where she was lying dead;
+  But he felt some for the bonny bairn,
+   That lay weltering in her bluid.
+
+  Up has he ta'en that bonny boy,
+   Given him to nurses nine;
+  Three to sleep, and three to wake,
+   And three to go between.
+
+  And he bred up that bonny boy,
+   Called him his sister's son;
+  And he thought no eye could ever see
+   The deed that he had done.
+
+  O so it fell, upon a day,
+   When hunting they might be,
+  They rested them in Silverwood,
+   Beneath that green aik tree.
+
+  And mony were the green-wood flowers
+   Upon the grave that grew,
+  And marvell'd much that bonny boy
+   To see their lovely hue.
+
+  "What's paler than the prymrose wan?
+   "What's redder than the rose?
+  "What's fairer than the lilye flower
+   "On this wee know[B] that grows?"
+
+  O out and answered Jellon Grame,
+   And he spak hastelie--
+  "Your mother was a fairer flower,
+   "And lies beneath this tree.
+
+  "More pale she was, when she sought my grace,
+   "Than prymrose pale and wan;
+  "And redder than rose her ruddy heart's blood,
+   "That down my broad sword ran."
+
+  Wi' that the boy has bent his bow,
+   It was baith stout and lang;
+  And thro' and thro' him, Jellon Grame,
+   He gar'd an arrow gang.
+
+  Says--"Lie ye there, now, Jellon Grame!
+   "My malisoun gang you wi'!
+  "The place my mother lies buried in
+   "Is far too good for thee."
+
+[Footnote A: Silverwood, mentioned in this ballad, occurs in a medley
+MS song, which seems to have been copied from the first edition of the
+Aberdeen caurus, _penes_ John G. Dalyell, esq. advocate. One line only
+is cited, apparently the beginning of some song:
+
+  Silverwood, gin ye were mine.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Wee know_--Little hillock.]
+
+
+
+WILLIE'S LADYE.
+
+ANCIENT COPY.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+Mr Lewis, in his _Tales of Wonder_, has presented the public with a copy
+of this ballad, with additions and alterations. The editor has also seen
+a copy, containing some modern stanzas, intended by Mr Jamieson, of
+Macclesfield, for publication in his Collection of Scottish Poetry. Yet,
+under these disadvantages, the editor cannot relinquish his purpose of
+publishing the old ballad, in its native simplicity, as taken from Mrs
+Brown of Faulkland's MS.
+
+Those, who wish to know how an incantation, or charm, of the distressing
+nature here described, was performed in classic days, may consult the
+story of Galanthis's Metamorphosis, in Ovid, or the following passage in
+Apuleius: _"Eadem (Saga scilicet quaedam), amatoris uxorem, quod in sibi
+dicacule probrum dixerat, jam in sarcinam praegnationis, obsepto utero,
+et repigrato faetu, perpetua praegnatione damnavit. Et ut cuncti
+numerant, octo annorum onere, misella illa, velut elephantum paritura,
+distenditur."_--APUL. Metam. lib. 1.
+
+There is also a curious tale about a count of Westeravia, whom a
+deserted concubine bewitched upon his marriage, so as to preclude all
+hopes of his becoming a father. The spell continued to operate for
+three years, till one day, the count happening to meet with his former
+mistress, she maliciously asked him about the increase of his family.
+The count, conceiving some suspicion from her manner, craftily answered,
+that God had blessed him with three fine children; on which she
+exclaimed, like Willie's mother in the ballad, "May Heaven confound
+the old hag, by whose counsel I threw an enchanted pitcher into the
+draw-well of your palace!" The spell being found, and destroyed, the
+count became the father of a numerous family.--_Hierarchie of the
+Blessed Angels,_ p. 474.
+
+
+
+WILLIE'S LADYE.
+
+
+  Willie's ta'en him o'er the faem,[A]
+  He's wooed a wife, and brought her hame;
+  He's wooed her for her yellow hair,
+  But his mother wrought her meikle care;
+
+  And meikle dolour gar'd her drie,
+  For lighter she can never be;
+  But in her bower she sits wi' pain,
+  And Willie mourns o'er her in vain.
+
+  And to his mother he has gane,
+  That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!
+  He says--"My ladie has a cup,
+  Wi' gowd and silver set about,
+  This gudely gift sall be your ain,
+  And let her be lighter o' her young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's never be lighter,
+  "Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;
+  "But she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And you shall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my life were at an end!"
+
+  "Yet gae ye to your mother again,
+  "That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!
+  "And say, your ladye has a steed,
+  "The like o' him's no in the land o' Leed.[B]
+
+  "For he is silver shod before,
+  "And he is gowden shod behind;
+  "At every tuft of that horse mane,
+  "There's a golden chess[C], and a bell to ring.
+  "This gudely gift sall be her ain,
+  "And let me be lighter o' my young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,
+  "Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;
+  "But she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And ye sall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my life were at an end!"
+
+  "Yet gae ye to your mother again,
+  "That vile rank witch, o' rankest kind!
+  "And say, your ladye has a girdle,
+  "It is a' red gowd to the middle;
+
+  "And aye, at ilka siller hem
+  "Hang fifty siller bells and ten;
+  "This gudely gift sall be her ain,
+  "And let me be lighter o' my young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,
+  "Nor in your bour to shine the brighter;
+  "For she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And thou sall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my days were at an end!"
+
+  Then out and spak the Billy Blind,[D]
+  (He spak ay in a gude time:)
+  "Yet gae ye to the market-place,
+  "And there do buy a loaf of wace;[E]
+  "Do shape it bairn and bairnly like,
+  "And in it twa glassen een you'll put;
+
+  "And bid her your boy's christening to,
+  "Then notice weel what she shall do;
+  "And do ye stand a little away,
+  "To notice weel what she may saye.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  [_A stanza seems to be wanting. Willie is supposed to follow
+  the advice of the spirit.--His mother speaks._]
+
+  "O wha has loosed the nine witch knots,
+  "That were amang that ladye's locks?
+  "And wha's ta'en out the kaims o' care,
+  "That were amang that ladye's hair?
+
+  "And wha has ta'en downe that bush o' woodbine,
+  "That hung between her bour and mine?
+  "And wha has kill'd the master kid,
+  "That ran beneath that ladye's bed?
+  "And wha has loosed her left foot shee,
+  "And let that ladye lighter be?"
+
+  Syne, Willy's loosed the nine witch knots,
+  That were amang that ladye's locks;
+  And Willy's ta'en out the kaims o' care,
+  That were into that ladye's hair;
+  And he's ta'en down the bush o' woodbine,
+  Hung atween her bour and the witch carline;
+
+  And he has kill'd the master kid,
+  That ran beneath that ladye's bed;
+  And he has loosed her left foot shee,
+  And latten that ladye lighter be;
+  And now he has gotten a bonny son,
+  And meikle grace be him upon.
+
+[Footnote A: _Faem_--The sea foam.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Land o' Leed_--Perhaps Lydia.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Chess_--Should probably be _jess_, the name of a hawk's
+bell.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Billy-Blind_--A familiar genius, or propitious spirit,
+somewhat similar to the _Brownie_. He is mentioned repeatedly in Mrs
+Brown's Ballads, but I have not met with him any where else, although he
+is alluded to in the rustic game of _Bogle_ (i.e. _goblin) Billy-Blind_.
+The word is, indeed, used in Sir David Lindsay's plays, but apparently
+in a different sense--
+
+  "Preists sall leid you like ane _Billy Blinde_."
+
+  PINKERTON'S _Scottish Poems_, 1792, Vol. II. p. 232.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Wace_--Wax.]
+
+
+
+CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This romantic ballad is taken from Mr Herd's MSS., with several
+corrections from a shorter and more imperfect copy, in the same volume,
+and one or two conjectural emendations in the arrangement of the
+stanzas. The resemblance of the conclusion to the ballad, beginning,
+"There came a ghost to Margaret's door," will strike every reader.--The
+tale is uncommonly wild and beautiful, and apparently very ancient.
+The custom of the passing bell is still kept up in many villages of
+Scotland. The sexton goes through the town, ringing a small bell, and
+announcing the death of the departed, and the time of the funeral.--The
+three concluding verses have been recovered since the first edition
+of this work; and I am informed by the reciter, that it was usual to
+separate from the rest, that part of the ballad which follows the death
+of the lovers, as belonging to another story. For this, however, there
+seems no necessity, as other authorities give the whole as a complete
+tale.
+
+
+
+CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+  Clerk Saunders and may Margaret
+   Walked ower yon garden green;
+  And sad and heavy was the love
+   That fell thir twa between.
+
+  "A bed, a bed," Clerk Saunders said,
+   "A bed for you and me!"
+  "Fye na, fye na," said may Margaret,
+   "Till anes we married be.
+
+  "For in may come my seven bauld brothers,
+   "Wi' torches burning bright;
+  "They'll say--'We hae but ae sister,
+   "And behold she's wi' a knight!'
+
+  "Then take the sword frae my scabbard,
+   "And slowly lift the pin;
+  "And you may swear, and safe your aith,
+   "Ye never let Clerk Saunders in.
+
+  "And take a napkin in your hand,
+   "And tie up baith your bonny een;
+  "And you may swear, and safe your aith,
+   "Ye saw me na since late yestreen."
+
+  It was about the midnight hour,
+   When they asleep were laid,
+  When in and came her seven brothers,
+   Wi' torches burning red.
+
+  When in and came her seven brothers,
+   Wi' torches shining bright;
+  They said, "We hae but ae sister,
+   "And behold her lying with a knight!"
+
+  Then out and spake the first o' them,
+   "I bear the sword shall gar him die!"
+  And out and spake the second o' them,
+   "His father has nae mair than he!"
+
+  And out and spake the third o' them,
+   "I wot that they are lovers dear!"
+  And out and spake the fourth o' them,
+   "They hae been in love this mony a year!"
+
+  Then out and spake the fifth o' them,
+   "It were great sin true love to twain!"
+  And out and spake the sixth o' them,
+   "It were shame to slay a sleeping man!"
+
+  Then up and gat the seventh o' them,
+   And never a word spake he;
+  But he has striped[A] his bright brown brand
+   Out through Clerk Saunders' fair bodye.
+
+  Clerk Saunders he started, and Margaret she turned
+   Into his arms as asleep she lay;
+  And sad and silent was the night
+   That was atween thir twae.
+
+  And they lay still and sleeped sound,
+   Until the day began to daw;
+  And kindly to him she did say,
+   "It is time, true love, you were awa'."
+
+  But he lay still, and sleeped sound,
+   Albeit the sun began to sheen;
+  She looked atween her and the wa',
+   And dull and drowsie were his een.
+
+  Then in and came her father dear,
+   Said--"Let a' your mourning be:
+  "I'll carry the dead corpse to the clay,
+   "And I'll come back and comfort thee."
+
+  "Comfort weel your seven sons;
+   "For comforted will I never be:
+  "I ween 'twas neither knave nor lown
+   "Was in the bower last night wi' me."
+
+  The clinking bell gaed through the town,
+   To carry the dead corse to the clay;
+  And Clerk Saunders stood at may Margaret's window,
+   I wot, an hour before the day.
+
+  "Are ye sleeping, Margaret?" he says,
+   "Or are ye waking presentlie?
+  "Give me my faith and troth again,
+   "I wot, true love, I gied to thee."
+
+  "Your faith and troth ye sall never get,
+   "Nor our true love sall never twin,
+  "Until ye come within my bower,
+   "And kiss me cheik and chin."
+
+  "My mouth it is full cold, Margaret,
+   "It has the smell, now, of the ground;
+  "And if I kiss thy comely mouth,
+   "Thy days of life will not be lang.
+
+  "O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,
+   "I wot the wild fowls are boding day;
+  "Give me my faith and troth again,
+   "And let me fare me on my way."
+
+  "Thy faith and troth thou sall na get,
+   "And our true love sall never twin,
+  "Until ye tell what comes of women,
+   "I wot, who die in strong traivelling?"[B]
+
+  "Their beds are made in the heavens high,
+   "Down at the foot of our good lord's knee,
+  "Weel set about wi' gillyflowers:
+   "I wot sweet company for to see.
+
+  "O cocks are crowing a merry mid-night,
+    "I wot the wild fowl are boding day;
+  "The psalms of heaven will soon be sung,
+    "And I, ere now, will be missed away."
+
+  Then she has ta'en a crystal wand,
+    And she has stroken her troth thereon;
+  She has given it him out at the shot-window,
+    Wi' mony a sad sigh, and heavy groan.
+
+  "I thank ye, Marg'ret; I thank ye, Marg'ret;
+    "And aye I thank ye heartilie;
+  "Gin ever the dead come for the quick,
+    "Be sure, Marg'ret, I'll come for thee."
+
+  Its hosen and shoon, and gown alone,
+    She climbed the wall, and followed him,
+  Until she came to the green forest,
+    And there she lost the sight o' him.
+
+  "Is there ony room at your head, Saunders?
+    "Is there ony room at your feet?
+  "Or ony room at your side, Saunders,
+    "Where fain, fain, I wad sleep?"
+
+  "There's nae room at my head, Marg'ret,
+   "There's nae room at my feet;
+  "My bed it is full lowly now:
+   "Amang the hungry worms I sleep.
+
+  "Cauld mould is my covering now,
+   "But and my winding-sheet;
+  "The dew it falls nae sooner down,
+   "Than my resting-place is weet.
+
+  "But plait a wand o' bonnie birk,
+   "And lay it on my breast;
+  "And shed a tear upon my grave,
+   "And wish my saul gude rest.
+
+  "And fair Marg'ret, and rare Marg'ret,
+   "And Marg'ret o' veritie,
+  "Gin ere ye love another man,
+   "Ne'er love him as ye did me."
+
+  Then up and crew the milk-white cock,
+   And up and crew the gray;
+  Her lover vanish'd in the air,
+   And she gaed weeping away.
+
+[Footnote A: _Striped_--Thrust.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Traivelling_--Child-birth.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+
+_Weel set about wi' gillyflowers._--P. 394. v. 5.
+
+From whatever source the popular ideas of heaven be derived, the mention
+of gillyflowers is not uncommon. Thus, in the Dead Men's Song--
+
+  The fields about this city faire
+    Were all with roses set;
+  _Gillyflowers_, and carnations faire,
+    Which canker could not fret.
+      RITSON'S _Ancient Songs_, p. 288.
+
+The description, given in the legend of _Sir Owain_, of the terrestrial
+paradise, at which the blessed arrive, after passing through purgatory,
+omits gillyflowers, though it mentions many others. As the passage is
+curious, and the legend has never been published, many persons may not
+be displeased to see it extracted--
+
+  Fair were her erbers with flowres,
+  Rose and lili divers colours,
+   Primrol and parvink;
+  Mint, feverfoy, and eglenterre
+  Colombin, and mo ther wer
+   Than ani man mai bithenke.
+
+  It berth erbes of other maner,
+  Than ani in erth groweth here,
+   Tho that is lest of priis;
+  Evermore thai grene springeth,
+  For winter no somer it no clingeth,
+   And sweeter than licorice.
+
+  _But plait a wand o' bonnie birk_, &c.--P. 396. v. 3.
+
+The custom of binding the new-laid sod of the church-yard with osiers,
+or other saplings, prevailed both in England and Scotland, and served to
+protect the turf from injury by cattle, or otherwise. It is alluded to
+by Gay, in the _What d'ye call it_--
+
+  Stay, let me pledge, 'tis my last earthly liquor,
+  When I am dead you'll bind my grave with _wicker_.
+
+In the _Shepherd's Week_, the same custom is alluded to, and the cause
+explained:--
+
+  With _wicker rods_ we fenced her tomb around,
+  To ward, from man and beast, the hallowed ground,
+  Lest her new grave the parson's cattle raze,
+  For both his horse and cow the church-yard graze.
+      _Fifth Pastoral._
+
+
+
+EARL RICHARD.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_There are two Ballads in Mr_ HERD'S _MSS. upon the following Story,
+in one of which the unfortunate Knight is termed_ YOUNG HUNTIN. _A
+Fragment, containing from the sixth to the tenth verse, has been
+repeatedly published. The best verses are here selected from both
+copies, and some trivial alterations have been adopted from tradition._
+
+
+  "O lady, rock never your young son young,
+   "One hour langer for me;
+  "For I have a sweetheart in Garlioch Wells,
+   "I love far better than thee.
+
+  "The very sole o' that ladye's foot
+   "Than thy face is far mair white."--
+  "But, nevertheless, now, Erl Richard,
+   "Ye will bide in ray bower a' night?"
+
+  She birled[A] him with the ale and wine,
+    As they sat down to sup;
+  A living man he laid him down,
+    But I wot he ne'er rose up.
+
+  Then up and spak the popinjay,
+    That flew aboun her head;
+  "Lady! keep weel your green cleiding
+    "Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid."
+
+  "O better I'll keep my green cleiding
+    "Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid,
+  "Than thou canst keep thy clattering toung,
+    "That trattles in thy head."
+
+  She has call'd upon her bower maidens,
+    She has call'd them ane by ane;
+  "There lies a deid man in my bour:
+    "I wish that he were gane!"
+
+  They hae booted him, and spurred him,
+    As he was wont to ride;--
+  A hunting-horn tied round his waist,
+    A sharp sword by his side;
+  And they hae had him to the wan water,
+    For a' men call it Clyde.
+
+  Then up and spak the popinjay,
+   That sat upon the tree--
+  "What hae ye done wi' Erl Richard?
+   "Ye were his gay ladye."
+
+  "Come down, come down, my bonny bird,
+   "And sit upon my hand;
+  "And thou sall hae a cage o' gowd,
+   "Where thou hast but the wand."
+
+  "Awa! awa! ye ill woman:
+   "Nae cage o' gowd for me;
+  "As ye hae dune to Erl Richard,
+   "Sae wad ye do to me."
+
+  She hadna cross'd a rigg o' land,
+   A rigg, but barely ane;
+  When she met wi' his auld father,
+   Came riding all alane.
+
+  "Where hae ye been, now, ladye fair,
+   "Where hae ye been sae late?"
+  "We hae been seeking Erl Richard,
+   "But him we canna get."
+
+  "Erl Richard kens a' the fords in Clyde,
+   "He'll ride them ane by ane,
+  "And though the night was ne'er sae mirk,
+   "Erl Richard will he hame."
+
+  O it fell anes, upon a day,
+   The king was boun' to ride;
+  And he has mist him, Erl Richard,
+   Should hae ridden on his right side.
+
+  The ladye turn'd her round about,
+   Wi' meikle mournfu' din--
+  "It fears me sair o' Clyde water,
+   "That he is drown'd therein."
+
+  "Gar douk, gar douk,"[B] the king he cried,
+   "Gar douk for gold and fee;
+  "O wha will douk for Erl Richard's sake,
+   "Or wha will douk for me?"
+
+  They douked in at ae weil-head,[C]
+   And out ay at the other;
+  "We can douk nae mair for Erl Richard,
+   "Although he were our brother."
+
+  It fell that, in that ladye's castle,
+    The king was boun' to bed;
+  And up and spake the popinjay,
+    That flew abune his head.
+
+  "Leave off your douking on the day,
+    "And douk upon the night;
+  "And where that sackless[D] knight lies slain,
+    "The candles will burn bright."
+
+  "O there's a bird within this bower,
+    "That sings baith sad and sweet;
+  "O there's a bird within your bower,
+    "Keeps me frae my night's sleep."
+
+  They left the douking on the day,
+    And douked upon the night;
+  And, where that sackless knight lay slain,
+    The candles burned bright.
+
+  The deepest pot in a' the linn,
+    They fand Erl Richard in;
+  A grene turf tyed across his breast,
+    To keep that gude lord down.
+
+  Then up and spake the king himsell,
+   When he saw the deadly wound--
+  "O wha has slain my right-hand man,
+   "That held my hawk and hound?"
+
+  Then up and spake the popinjay,
+   Says--"What needs a' this din?
+  "It was his light lemman took his life,
+   "And hided him in the linn."
+
+  She swore her by the grass, sae grene,
+   Sae did she by the corn,
+  She had na' seen him, Erl Richard,
+   Since Moninday at morn.
+
+  "Put na the wite on me," she said;
+   "It was my may Catherine."
+  Then they hae cut baith fern and thorn,
+   To burn that maiden in.
+
+  It wadna take upon her cheik,
+   Nor yet upon her chin;
+  Nor yet upon her yellow hair,
+   To cleanse the deadly sin.
+
+  The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,
+    A drap it never bled;
+  The ladye laid her hand on him,
+    And soon the 'ground was red.
+
+  Out they hae ta'en her, may Catherine,
+    And put her mistress in:
+  The flame tuik fast upon her cheik,
+    Tuik fast upon her chin,
+  Tuik fast upon her faire bodye--
+    She burn'd like hollins green.[E]
+
+[Footnote A: _Birled_--Plied.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Douk_--Dive.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Weil-heid_--Eddy.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Sackless_--Guiltless.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Hollins green_--Green holly.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON EARL RICHARD.
+
+
+  _The candles burned bright._--P. 403. v. 4.
+
+These are unquestionably the corpse lights, called in Wales _Canhwyllan
+Cyrph_, which are sometimes seen to illuminate the spot where a dead
+body is concealed. The editor is informed, that, some years ago, the
+corpse of a man, drowned in the Ettrick, below Selkirk, was discovered
+by means of these candles. Such lights are common in church-yards, and
+are probably of a phosphoric nature. But rustic superstition derives
+them from supernatural agency, and supposes, that, as soon as life has
+departed, a pale flame appears at the window of the house, in which the
+person had died, and glides towards the church-yard, tracing through
+every winding the route of the future funeral, and pausing where the
+bier is to rest. This and other opinions, relating to the "tomb-fires'
+livid gleam," seem to be of Runic extraction.
+
+  _The deepest pot in a' the linn._--P. 403. v. 5.
+
+The deep holes, scooped in the rock by the eddies of a river, are called
+_pots;_ the motion of the water having there some resemblance to a
+boiling cauldron.
+
+  _Linn_, means the pool beneath a cataract.
+
+  _The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,
+  A drop it never bled._--P. 405. v. I.
+
+This verse, which is restored from tradition, refers to a superstition
+formerly received in most parts of Europe, and even resorted to, by
+judicial authority, for the discovery of murder. In Germany, this
+experiment was called _bahr-recht_, or the law of the bier; because,
+the murdered body being stretched upon a bier, the suspected person was
+obliged to put one hand upon the wound, and the other upon the mouth
+of the deceased, and, in that posture, call upon heaven to attest his
+innocence. If, during this ceremony, the blood gushed from the mouth,
+nose, or wound, a circumstance not unlikely to happen in the course of
+shifting or stirring the body, it was held sufficient evidence of the
+guilt of the party.
+
+The same singular kind of evidence, although reprobated by Mathaeus and
+Carpzovius, was admitted in the Scottish criminal courts, at the short
+distance of one century. My readers may be amused by the following
+instances:
+
+"The laird of Auchindrane (Muir of Auchindrane, in Ayrshire) was accused
+of a horrid and private murder, where there were no witnesses, and which
+the Lord had witnessed from heaven, singularly by his own hand, and
+proved the deed against him. The corpse of the man being buried in
+Girvan church-yard, as a man cast away at sea, and cast out there, the
+laird of Colzean, whose servant he had been, dreaming of him in his
+sleep, and that he had a particular mark upon his body, came and took up
+the body, and found it to be the same person; and caused all that lived
+near by come and touch the corpse, as is usual in such cases. All round
+the place came but Auchindrane and his son, whom nobody suspected, till
+a young child of his, Mary Muir, seeing the people examined, came in
+among them; and, when she came near the dead body, it sprang out
+in bleeding; upon which they were apprehended, and put to the
+torture."--WODROW'S _History_, Vol. I. p. 513. The trial of Auchindrane
+happened in 1611. He was convicted and executed.--HUME'S _Criminal Law_,
+Vol. I. p. 428.
+
+A yet more dreadful case was that of Philip Standfield, tried upon the
+30th November, 1687, for cursing his father (which, by the Scottish law,
+is a capital crime, _Act 1661, Chap_. 20), and for being accessory
+to his murder. Sir James Standfield, the deceased, was a person of
+melancholy temperament; so that, when his body was found in a pond near
+his own house of Newmilns, he was at first generally supposed to have
+drowned himself. But, the body having been hastily buried, a report
+arose that he had been strangled by ruffians, instigated by his son
+Philip, a profligate youth, whom be had disinherited on account of his
+gross debauchery. Upon this rumour, the Privy Council granted warrant to
+two surgeons of character, named Crawford and Muirhead, to dig up the
+body, and to report the state in which they should find it. Philip
+was present on this occasion, and the evidence of both surgeons bears
+distinctly, that he stood for some time at a distance from the body
+of his parent; but, being called upon to assist in stretching out
+the corpse, he put his hand to the head, when the mouth and nostrils
+instantly gushed with blood. This circumstance, with the evident
+symptoms of terror and remorse, exhibited by young Standfield, seem to
+have had considerable weight with the jury, and are thus stated in the
+indictment: "That his (the deceased's) nearest relations being required
+to lift the corpse into the coffin, after it had been inspected, upon
+the said Philip Standfield touching of it (_according to God's usual
+mode of discovering murder_), it bled afresh upon the said Philip; and
+that thereupon he let the body fall, and fled from it in the greatest
+consternation, crying, Lord have mercy upon me!" The prisoner was found
+guilty of being accessory to the murder of his father, although there
+was little more than strong presumptions against him. It is true, he was
+at the same time separately convicted of the distinct crimes of having
+cursed his father, and drank damnation to the monarchy and hierarchy.
+His sentence, which was to have his tongue cut out, and hand struck off,
+previous to his being hanged, was executed with the utmost rigour. He
+denied the murder with his last breath. "It is," says a contemporary
+judge, "a dark case of divination, to be remitted to the great day,
+whether he was guilty or innocent. Only it is certain he
+was a bad youth, and may serve as a beacon to all profligate
+persons."--FOUNTAINHALL'S _Decisions_, Vol. I. p. 483.
+
+While all ranks believed alike the existence of these prodigies, the
+vulgar were contented to refer them to the immediate interference of the
+Deity, or, as they termed it, God's revenge against murder. But those,
+who, while they had overleaped the bounds of superstition, were still
+entangled in the mazes of mystic philosophy, amongst whom we must
+reckon many of the medical practitioners, endeavoured to explain the
+phenomenon, by referring to the secret power of sympathy, which even
+Bacon did not venture to dispute. To this occult agency was imputed the
+cure of wounds, effected by applying salves and powders, not to
+the wound itself, but to the sword or dagger, by which it had been
+inflicted; a course of treatment, which, wonderful as it may at first
+seem, was certainly frequently attended with signal success.[A] This,
+however, was attributed to magic, and those, who submitted to such a
+mode of cure, were refused spiritual assistance.
+
+[Footnote A: The first part of the process was to wash the wound clean,
+and bind it up so as to promote adhesion, and exclude the air. Now,
+though the remedies, afterwards applied to the sword, could hardly
+promote so desirable an issue, yet it is evident the wound stood a good
+chance of healing by the operation of nature, which, I believe, medical
+gentlemen call a cure by the first intention.]
+
+The vulgar continue to believe firmly in the phenomenon of the murdered
+corpse bleeding at the approach of the murderer. "Many (I adopt the
+words of an ingenious correspondent) are the proofs advanced in
+confirmation of the opinion, against those who are so hardy as to doubt
+it; but one, in particular, as it is said to have happened in this
+place, I cannot help repeating.
+
+"Two young men, going a fishing in the river Yarrow, fell out; and so
+high ran the quarrel, that the one, in a passion, stabbed the other to
+the heart with a fish spear. Astonished "at the rash act, he hesitated
+whether to fly, give himself up to justice, or conceal the crime; and,
+in the end, fixed on the latter expedient, burying the body of his
+friend very deep in the sands. As the meeting had been accidental, he
+was never from gaiety to a settled melancholy. Time passed on for
+the space of fifty years, when a smith, fishing near the same place,
+discovered an uncommon and curious bone, which he put in his pocket,
+and afterwards showed to some people in his smithy. The murderer being
+present, now an old white-headed man, leaning on his staff, desired a
+sight of the little bone; but how horrible was the issue! no sooner had
+he touched it, than it streamed with purple blood. Being told where it
+was found, he confessed the crime, was condemned, but was prevented, by
+death, from suffering the punishment due to his crime.
+
+"Such opinions, though reason forbids us to believe them, a few moments
+reflection on the cause of their origin will teach us to revere. Under
+the feudal system which prevailed, the rights of humanity were too often
+violated, and redress very hard to be procured; thus an awful deference
+to one of the leading attributes of Omnipotence begat on the mind,
+untutored by philosophy, the first germ of these supernatural effects;
+which was, by superstitious zeal, assisted, perhaps, by a few instances
+of sudden remorse, magnified into evidence of indisputable guilt."
+
+
+
+THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.
+
+NOW FIRST PUBLISHED IN A PERFECT STATE.
+
+
+Lochroyan, whence this ballad probably derives its name, lies in
+Galloway. The lover, who, if the story be real, may be supposed to have
+been detained by sickness, is represented, in the legend, as confined by
+Fairy charms in an enchanted castle situated in the sea. The ruins of
+ancient edifices are still visible on the summits of most of those
+small islands, or rather insulated rocks, which lie along the coast of
+Ayrshire and Galloway; as Ailsa and Big Scaur.
+
+This edition of the ballad obtained is composed of verses selected from
+three MS. copies, and two from recitation. Two of the copies are in
+Herd's MSS.; the third in that of Mrs Brown of Falkland.
+
+A fragment of the original song, which is sometimes denominated _Lord
+Gregory_, or _Love Gregory_, was published in Mr Herd's Collection,
+1774, and, still more fully, in that of Laurie and Symington, 1792. The
+story has been celebrated both by Burns and Dr Wolcott.
+
+
+
+THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.
+
+
+  "O wha will shoe my bonny foot?
+   "And wha will glove my hand?
+  "And wha will lace my middle jimp
+   "W' a lang lang linen band?
+
+  "O wha will kame my yellow hair
+   "With a new made silver kame?
+  "And wha will father my young son
+   "Till Lord Gregory come hame?"
+
+  "Thy father will shoe thy bonny foot,
+   "Thy mother will glove thy hand,
+  "Thy sister will lace thy middle jimp,
+   "Till Lord Gregory come to land.
+
+  "Thy brother will kame thy yellow hair
+    "With a new made silver kame,
+  "And God will be thy bairn's father
+    "Till Lord Gregory come hame."
+
+  "But I will get a bonny boat,
+    "And I will sail the sea;
+  "And I will gang to Lord Gregory,
+    "Since he canna come hame to me."
+
+  Syne she's gar'd build a bonny boat,
+    To sail the salt salt sea:
+  The sails were o' the light-green silk,
+    The tows[A] o' taffety.
+
+  She hadna sailed but twenty leagues,
+    But twenty leagues and three,
+  When she met wi' a rank robber,
+    And a' his company.
+
+  "Now whether are ye the queen hersell,
+    "(For so ye weel might be)
+  "Or are ye the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "Seekin' Lord Gregory?"
+
+  "O I am neither the queen," she said,
+    "Nor sic I seem to be;
+  "But I am the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "Seekin' Lord Gregory."
+
+  "O see na thou yon bonny bower?
+    "Its a' covered o'er wi' tiu:
+  "When thou hast sailed it round about,
+    "Lord Gregory is within."
+
+  And when she saw the stately tower
+    Shining sae clear and bright,
+  Whilk stood aboon the jawing[B] wave,
+    Built on a rock of height;
+
+  Says--"Row the boat, my mariners,
+    "And bring me to the land!
+  "For yonder I see my love's castle
+    "Close by the salt sea strand."
+
+  She sailed it round, and sailed it round,
+    And loud, loud, cried she--
+  "Now break, now break, ye Fairy charms,
+    "And set my true love free!"
+
+  She's ta'en her young son in her arms,
+   And to the door she's gane;
+  And long she knocked, and sair she ca'd,
+   But answer got she nane.
+
+  "O open the door, Lord Gregory!
+   "O open, and let me in!
+  "For the wind blaws through my yellow hair,
+   "And the rain drops o'er my chin."
+
+  "Awa, awa, ye ill woman!
+   "Ye're no come here for good!
+  "Ye're but some witch, or wil warlock,
+   "Or mermaid o' the flood."
+
+  "I am neither witch, nor wil warlock,
+   "Nor mermaid o' the sea;
+  "But I am Annie of Lochroyan;
+   "O open the door to me!"
+
+  "Gin thou be Annie of Lochroyan,
+   "(As I trow thou binna she)
+  "Now tell me some o' the love tokens
+   "That past between thee and me."
+
+  "O dinna ye mind, Lord Gregory,
+    "As we sat at the wine,
+  "We chang'd the rings frae our fingers,
+    "And I can shew thee thine?
+
+  "O your's was gude, and gude enough,
+    "But ay the best was mine;
+  "For your's was o' the gude red gowd,
+    "But mine o' the diamond fine.
+
+  "And has na thou mind, Lord Gregory,
+    "As we sat on the hill,
+  "Thou twin'd me o' my maidenheid
+    "Right sair against my will?
+
+  "Now, open the door, Lord Gregory!
+    "Open the door, I pray!
+  "For thy young son is in my arms,
+    "And will be dead ere day."
+
+  "If thou be the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "(As I kenna thou be)
+  "Tell me some mair o' the love tokens
+    "Past between me and thee."
+
+  Fair Annie turned her round about--
+    "Weel! since that it be sae,
+  "May never woman, that has borne a son,
+    "Hae a heart sae fu' o' wae!
+
+  "Take down, take down, that mast o' gowd!
+    "Set up a mast o' tree!
+  "It disna become a forsaken lady.
+    "To sail sae royallie."
+
+  When the cock had crawn, and the day did dawn.
+    And the sun began to peep,
+  Then up and raise him, Lord Gregory,
+    And sair, sair did he weep.
+
+  "O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,
+    "I wish it may prove true!
+  "That the bonny lass of Lochroyan
+    "Was at the yate e'en now.
+
+  "O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,
+    "The thought o't gars me greet!
+  "That fair Annie o' Lochroyan
+    "Lay cauld dead at my feet."
+
+  "Gin it be for Annie of Lochroyan
+   "That ye make a' this din,
+  "She stood a' last night at your door,
+   "But I trow she wanna in."
+
+  "O wae betide ye, ill woman!
+   "An ill deid may ye die!
+  "That wadna open the door to her,
+   "Nor yet wad waken me."
+
+  O he's gane down to yon shore side
+   As fast as he could fare;
+  He saw fair Annie in the boat,
+   But the wind it tossed her sair.
+
+  "And hey Annie, and how Annie!
+   "O Annie, winna ye bide!"
+  But ay the mair he cried Annie,
+   The braider grew the tide.
+
+  "And hey Annie, and how Annie!
+   "Dear Annie, speak to me!"
+  But ay the louder he cried Annie,
+   The louder roared the sea.
+
+  The wind blew loud, the sea grew rough,
+    And dashed the boat on shore;
+  Fair Annie floated through the faem,
+    But the babie raise no more.
+
+  Lord Gregory tore his yellow hair,
+    And made a heavy moan;
+  Fair Annie's corpse lay at his feet,
+    Her bonny young son was gone.
+
+  O cherry, cherry was her cheek,
+    And gowden was her hair;
+  But clay-cold were her rosy lips--
+    Nae spark o' life was there.
+
+  And first he kissed her cherry cheek,
+    And syne he kissed her chin,
+  And syne he kissed her rosy lips--
+    There was nae breath within.
+
+  "O wae betide my cruel mother!
+    "An ill death may she die!
+  "She turned my true love frae my door,
+    "Wha came sae far to me.
+
+  "O wae betide my cruel mother!
+    "An ill death may she die!
+  "She turned fair Annie frae my door,
+    "Wha died for love o' me."
+
+[Footnote A: _Tows_--Ropes.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Jawing_--Dashing.]
+
+
+
+ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILLY.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_This legendary Tale is given chiefly from Mrs_ BROWN'S _MS.
+Accordingly, many of the rhymes arise from the Northern mode of
+pronunciation; as_ dee _for_ do, _and the like.--Perhaps the Ballad may
+have originally related to the history of the celebrated_ ROBIN HOOD;
+_as mention is made of Barnisdale, his favourite abode._
+
+  O Rose the Red, and White Lilly,
+   Their mother deir was dead:
+  And their father has married an ill woman,
+   Wished them twa little guid.
+
+  But she had twa as gallant sons
+   As ever brake man's bread;
+  And the tane o' them lo'ed her, White Lilly,
+   And the tother Rose the Red.
+
+  O bigged hae they a bigly bour,
+    Fast by the roaring strand;
+  And there was mair mirth in the ladyes' bour,
+    Nor in a' their father's land.
+
+  But out and spake their step-mother,
+    As she stood a little forebye--
+  "I hope to live and play the prank,
+    "Sall gar your loud sang lie."
+
+  She's call'd upon her eldest son;
+    "Cum here, my son, to me:
+  "It fears me sair, my bauld Arthur,
+    "That ye maun sail the sea."
+
+  "Gin sae it maun be, my deir mother,
+    "Your bidding I maun dee;
+  "But, be never waur to Rose the Red,
+    "Than ye hae been to me."
+
+  She's called upon her youngest son;
+    "Cum here, my son, to me:
+  "It fears me sair, my Brown Robin,
+    "That ye maun sail the sea."
+
+  "Gin it fear ye sair, my mother deir,
+    "Your bidding I sall dee;
+  But, be never waur to White Lilly,
+    "Than ye hae been to me."
+
+  "Now hand your tongues, ye foolish boys!
+    "For small sall be their part:
+  "They ne'er again sall see your face,
+    "Gin their very hearts suld break."
+
+  Sae Bauld Arthur's gane to our king's court,
+    His hie chamberlain to be;
+  But Brown Robin, he has slain a knight,
+    And to grene-wood he did flee.
+
+  When Rose the Red, and White Lilly,
+    Saw their twa loves were gane,
+  Sune did they drop the loud loud sang,
+    Took up the still mourning.
+
+  And out then spake her White Lilly;
+    "My sister, we'll be gane:
+  "Why suld we stay in Barnisdale,
+    "To mourn our hour within?"
+
+  O cutted hae they their green cloathing,
+    A little abune their knee;
+  And sae hae they their yellow hair,
+    A little abune their bree.
+
+  And left hae they that bonny hour,
+    To cross the raging sea;
+  And they hae ta'en to a holy chapel,
+    Was christened by Our Ladye.
+
+  And they hae changed their twa names,
+    Sae far frae ony toun;
+  And the tane o' them's hight Sweet Willie,
+    And the tother's Rouge the Rounde.
+
+  Between the twa a promise is,
+    And they hae sworn it to fulfill;
+  Whenever the tane blew a bugle-horn,
+    The tother suld cum her till.
+
+  Sweet Willy's gane to the king's court,
+    Her true love for to see;
+  And Rouge the Rounde to gude grene-wood,
+    Brown Robin's man to be.
+
+  O it fell anes, upon a time,
+    They putted at the stane;
+  And seven foot ayont them a',
+    Brown Robin's gar'd it gang.
+
+  She lifted the heavy putting-stane,
+    And gave a sad "O hon!"
+  Then out bespake him, Brown Robin,
+    "But that's a woman's moan!"
+
+  "O kent ye by my rosy lips?
+    "Or by my yellow hair?
+  "Or kent ye by my milk-white breast,
+    "Ye never yet saw bare?"
+
+  "I kent na by your rosy lips,
+    "Nor by your yellow hair;
+  "But, cum to your bour whaever likes,
+    "They'll find a ladye there."
+
+  "O gin ye come my bour within,
+    "Through fraud, deceit, or guile,
+  "Wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,
+    "I vow I will thee kill."
+
+  "Yet durst I cum into your bour,
+   "And ask nae leave," quo' he;
+  "And wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,
+   "Wave danger back on thee."
+
+  About the dead hour o' the night,
+   The ladye's bour was broken;
+  And, about the first hour o' the day,
+   The fair knave bairn was gotten.
+
+  When days were gane, and months were come,
+   The ladye was sad and wan;
+  And aye she cried for a bour woman,
+   For to wait her upon.
+
+  Then up and spake him, Brown Robin,
+   "And what needs this?" quo' he;
+  "Or what can woman do for you,
+   "That canna be done by me?"
+
+  "'Twas never my mother's fashion," she said,
+   "Nor shall it e'er be mine,
+  "That belted knights should e'er remain
+   "While ladyes dree'd their pain.
+
+  "But, gin ye take that bugle-horn,
+    "And wind a blast sae shrill,
+  "I hae a brother in yonder court,
+    "Will cum me quickly till."
+
+  "O gin ye hae a brother on earth,
+    "That ye lo'e mair than me,
+  "Ye may blaw the horn yoursell," he says,
+    "For a blast I winna gie."
+
+  She's ta'en the bugle in her hand,
+    And blawn baith loud and shrill;
+  Sweet William started at the sound,
+    And cam her quickly till.
+
+  O up and starts him, Brown Robin,
+    And swore by Our Ladye,
+  "No man shall cum into this hour,
+    "But first maun fight wi' me."
+
+  O they hae fought the wood within,
+    Till the sun was going down;
+  And drops o' blood, frae Rose the Red,
+    Came pouring to the ground.
+
+  She leant her back against an aik,
+    Said--"Robin, let me be:
+  "For it is a ladye, bred and born,
+    "That has fought this day wi' thee."
+
+  O seven foot he started back.
+    Cried--"Alas and woe is me!
+  "For I wished never, in all my life,
+    "A woman's bluid to see:
+
+  "And that all for the knightly vow
+    "I swore to Our Ladye;
+  "But mair for the sake o' ae fair maid,
+    "Whose name was White Lilly."
+
+  Then out and spake her, Rouge the Rounde,
+    And leugh right heartilie,
+  "She has been wi' you this year and mair,
+    "Though ye wistna it was she."
+
+  Now word has gane through all the land,
+    Before a month was gane,
+  That a forester's page, in gude grene-wood,
+    Had borne a bonny son.
+
+  The marvel gaed to the king's court,
+    And to the king himsell;
+  "Now, by my fay," the king did say,
+    "The like was never heard tell!"
+
+  Then out and spake him, Bauld Arthur,
+    And laugh'd right loud and hie--
+  "I trow some may has plaid the lown,[A]
+    "And fled her ain countrie."
+
+  "Bring me my steid!" the king can say;
+    "My bow and arrows keen;
+  "And I'll gae hunt in yonder wood,
+    "And see what's to be seen."
+
+  "Gin it please your grace," quo' Bauld Arthur,
+    "My liege, I'll gang you wi';
+  "And see gin I can meet a bonny page,
+    "That's stray'd awa frae me."
+
+  And they hae chaced in gude grene-wood,
+    The buck but and the rae,
+  Till they drew near Brown Robin's hour,
+    About the close o' day.
+
+  Then out and spake the king himsell,
+   Says--"Arthur, look and see,
+  "Gin you be not your favourite page,
+   "That leans against yon tree."
+
+  O Arthur's ta'en a bugle-horn,
+   And blawn a blast sae shrill;
+  Sweet Willie started to her feet,
+   And ran him quickly till.
+
+  "O wanted ye your meat, Willie,
+   "Or wanted ye your fee?
+  "Or gat ye e'er an angry word,
+   "That ye ran awa frae me?"
+
+  "I wanted nought, my master dear;
+   "To me ye aye was good:
+  "I cam to see my ae brother,
+   "That wons in this grene-wood."
+
+  Then out bespake the king again,--
+   "My boy, now tell to me,
+  "Who dwells into yon bigly bour,
+   "Beneath yon green aik tree?"
+
+  "O pardon me," said Sweet Willy;
+    "My liege I dare na tell;
+  "And gang na near yon outlaw's bour,
+    "For fear they suld you kill."
+
+  "O hand your tongue, my bonny boy!
+    "For I winna be said nay;
+  "But I will gang yon hour within,
+    "Betide me weal or wae."
+
+  They have lighted frae their milk-white steids,
+    And saftly entered in;
+  And there they saw her, White Lilly,
+    Nursing her bonny young son.
+
+  "Now, by the mass," the king he said,
+    "This is a comely sight;
+  "I trow, instead of a forester's man,
+    "This is a ladye bright!"
+
+  O out and spake her, Rose the Red,
+    And fell low on her knee:--
+  "O pardon us, my gracious liege,
+    "And our story I'll tell thee.
+
+  "Our father is a wealthy lord,
+    "Lives into Barnisdale;
+  "But we had a wicked step-mother,
+    "That wrought us meikle bale.
+
+  "Yet had she twa as fu' fair sons,
+    "As e'er the sun did see;
+  "And the tane o' them lo'ed my sister deir,
+    "And the tother said he lo'ed me."
+
+  Then out and cried him, Bauld Arthur,
+    As by the king he stood,--
+  "Now, by the faith of my body,
+    "This suld be Rose the Red!
+
+  The king has sent for robes o' grene,
+    And girdles o' shining gold;
+  And sae sune have the ladyes busked themselves,
+    Sae glorious to behold.
+
+  Then in and came him, Brown Robin,
+    Frae hunting o' the king's deer,
+  But when he saw the king himsell,
+    He started back for fear.
+
+  The king has ta'en Robin by the hand,
+   And bade him nothing dread,
+  But quit for aye the gude grene wood,
+   And cum to the court wi' speed.
+
+  The king has ta'en White Lilly's son,
+   And set him on his knee;
+  Says--"Gin ye live to wield a brand,
+   "My bowman thou sall be."
+
+  They have ta'en them to the holy chapelle,
+   And there had fair wedding;
+  And when they cam to the king's court,
+   For joy the bells did ring.
+
+[Footnote A: _Lown_--Rogue.]
+
+
+
+END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,
+Vol. II (of 3), by Walter Scott
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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Minstrelsy, by AUTHOR.
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+    .linenum  {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 4%;} /* poetry number */
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+    .poem .stanza     {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem p           {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem p.i2        {margin-left: 2em;}
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. II
+(of 3), by Walter Scott
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. II (of 3)
+       Consisting Of Historical And Romantic Ballads, Collected In The
+       Southern Counties Of Scotland; With A Few Of Modern Date,
+       Founded         Upon Local Tradition
+       
+
+Author: Walter Scott
+
+Release Date: July 11, 2004 [EBook #12882]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MINSTRELSY, VOL. II ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Shawn Cruze and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<br><h1>MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER:</h1>
+<br>
+
+<p>CONSISTING OF
+HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC BALLADS,
+COLLECTED
+IN THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES OF SCOTLAND; WITH A FEW
+OF MODERN DATE, FOUNDED UPON
+LOCAL TRADITION.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>IN THREE VOLUMES.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>VOL. II.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The songs, to savage virtue dear.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">That won of yore the public ear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Ere Polity, sedate and sage,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Had quench'd the fires of feudal rage.&mdash;WARTON.</span><br>
+<br>
+
+<p>THIRD EDITION.</p>
+
+<p>1806.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>CONTENTS
+
+TO
+THE SECOND VOLUME.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>
+<a href="#l">LESLEY'S MARCH</a><br>
+The Battle of Philiphaugh<br>
+The Gallant Grahams<br>
+The Battle of Pentland Hills<br>
+The Battle of Loudon-hill<br>
+The Battle of Bothwell-bridge</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#b">ROMANTIC BALLADS.</a></p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Scottish Music, an Ode<br>
+Introduction to the Tale of Tamlane<br>
+The Young Tamlane<br>
+Erlinton<br>
+The Twa Corbies<br>
+The Douglas Tragedy<br>
+Young Benjie<br>
+Lady Anne<br>
+Lord William<br>
+The Broomfield-Hill<br>
+Proud Lady Margaret<br>
+The Original Ballad of the Broom of Cowdenknows<br>
+Lord Randal<br>
+Sir Hugh Le Blond<br>
+Graeme and Bewick<br>
+The Duel of Wharton and Stuart, Part I.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part II.</span><br>
+The Lament of the Border Widow<br>
+Fair Helen of Kirkonnel, Part I.<br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Part II.</span><br>
+Hughie the Graeme<br>
+Johnie of Breadislee<br>
+Katherine Janfarie<br>
+The Laird o' Logie<br>
+A Lyke-wake Dirge<br>
+The Dowie Dens of Yarrow<br>
+The Gay Goss Hawk<br>
+Brown Adam<br>
+Jellon Grame<br>
+Willie's Ladye<br>
+Clerk Saunders<br>
+Earl Richard<br>
+The Lass of Lochroyan<br>
+Rose the Red and White Lilly</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>PART FIRST.&mdash;CONTINUED.</p>
+
+<p><i>HISTORICAL BALLADS.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;">
+<a name="LESLYS_MARCH"></a><h2>LESLY'S MARCH.</h2>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, O my country! how shall memory trace</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy glories, lost in either Charles's days,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When through thy fields destructive rapine spread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor sparing infants' tears, nor hoary head!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;In those dread days, the unprotected swain</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Mourn'd, in the mountains, o'er his wasted plain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor longer vocal, with the shepherd's lay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Were Yarrow's banks, or groves of Endermay.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">LANGHORN&mdash;<i>Genius and Valour.</i></span><br>
+<br>
+
+<p>Such are the verses, in which a modern bard has painted the desolate
+state of Scotland, during a period highly unfavourable to poetical
+composition. Yet the civil and religious wars of the seventeenth century
+have afforded some subjects for traditionary poetry, and the reader is
+here presented with the ballads of that disastrous aera. Some prefatory
+history may not be unacceptable.</p>
+
+<p>That the Reformation was a good and a glorious work, few will be such
+slavish bigots as to deny. But the enemy came, by night, and sowed tares
+among the wheat; or rather; the foul and rank soil, upon which the seed
+was thrown, pushed forth, together with the rising crop, a plentiful
+proportion of pestilential weeds. The morals of the reformed clergy were
+severe; their learning was usually respectable, sometimes profound;
+and their eloquence, though often coarse, was vehement, animated, and
+popular. But they never could forget, that their rise had been achieved
+by the degradation, if not the fall, of the crown; and hence, a body of
+men, who, in most countries, have been attached to monarchy, were in
+Scotland, for nearly two centuries, sometimes the avowed enemies, always
+the ambitious rivals, of their prince. The disciples of Calvin could
+scarcely avoid a tendency to democracy, and the republican form of
+church government was sometimes hinted at, as no unfit model for the
+state; at least, the kirkmen laboured to impress, upon their followers
+and hearers, the fundamental principle, that the church should be solely
+governed by those, unto whom God had given the spiritual sceptre. The
+elder Melvine, in a conference with James VI., seized the monarch by the
+sleeve, and, addressing him as <i>God's sillie vassal</i>, told him, &quot;There
+are two kings, and two kingdomes. There is Christ, and his kingdome, the
+kirke; whose subject King James the sixth is, and of whose kingdome he
+is not a king, nor a head, nor a lord, but a member; and they, whom
+Christ hath called and commanded to watch ower his kirke, and govern his
+spiritual kingdome, have sufficient authorise and power from him so to
+do; which no christian king, no prince, should controul or discharge,
+but fortifie and assist: otherwise they are not faithful subjects to
+Christ.&quot;&mdash;<i>Calderwood</i>, p. 329. The delegated theocracy, thus sternly
+claimed, was exercised with equal rigour. The offences in the king's
+household fell under their unceremonious jurisdiction, and he was
+formally reminded of his occasional neglect to say grace before and
+after meat&mdash;his repairing to hear the word more rarely than was
+fitting&mdash;his profane banning and swearing, and keeping of evil
+company&mdash;and finally, of his queen's carding, dancing, night-walking,
+and such like profane pastimes.&mdash;<i>Calderwood</i>, p. 313. A curse, direct
+or implied, was formally denounced against every man, horse, and spear,
+who should assist the king in his quarrel with the Earl of Gowrie; and
+from the pulpit, the favourites of the listening sovereign were likened
+to Haman, his wife to Herodias, and he himself to Ahab, to Herod, and
+to Jeroboam. These effusions of zeal could not be very agreeable to the
+temper of James: and accordingly, by a course of slow, and often crooked
+and cunning policy, he laboured to arrange the church-government upon
+a less turbulent and menacing footing. His eyes were naturally turned
+towards the English hierarchy, which had been modelled, by the despotic
+Henry VIII., into such a form, as to connect indissolubly the interest
+of the church with that of the regal power.<a name="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1"><sup>[A]</sup></a> The Reformation, in
+England, had originated in the arbitrary will of the prince; in
+Scotland, and in all other countries of Europe, it had commenced among
+insurgents of the lower ranks. Hence, the deep and essential
+difference which separated the Huguenots, the Lutherans, the Scottish
+presbyterians, and, in fine, all the other reformed churches, from that
+of England. But James, with a timidity which sometimes supplies the
+place of prudence, contented himself with gradually imposing upon the
+Scottish nation a limited and moderate system of episcopacy, which,
+while it gave to a proportion of the churchmen a seat in the council of
+the nation, induced them to look up to the sovereign, as the power to
+whose influence they owed their elevation. But, in other respects, James
+spared the prejudices of his subjects; no ceremonial ritual was imposed
+upon their consciences; the pastors were reconciled by the prospect of
+preferment,<a name="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the dress and train of the bishops were plain and decent;
+the system of tythes was placed upon a moderate and unoppressive
+footing;<a name="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3"><sup>[C]</sup></a> and, perhaps, on the whole, the Scottish hierarchy contained
+as few objectionable points as any system of church-government in
+Europe. Had it subsisted to the present day, although its doctrines
+could not have been more pure, nor its morals more exemplary, than those
+of the present kirk of Scotland, yet its degrees of promotion might have
+afforded greater encouragement to learning, and objects of laudable
+ambition to those, who might dedicate themselves to its service. But
+the precipitate bigotry of the unfortunate Charles I. was a blow to
+episcopacy in Scotland, from which it never perfectly recovered.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Of this the Covenanters were so sensible, as to trace
+(what they called) the Antichristian hierarchy, with its idolatry,
+superstition, and human inventions, &quot;to the prelacy of England, the
+fountain whence all these Babylonish streams issue unto us.&quot;&mdash;See their
+manifesto on entering England, in 1640.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Many of the preachers, who had been loudest in the cause of
+presbytery, were induced to accept of bishoprics. Such was, for example,
+William Cooper, who was created bishop of Galloway. This recreant Mass
+John was a hypochondriac, and conceived his lower extremities to be
+composed of glass; hence, on his court advancement, the following
+epigram was composed:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>&quot;Aureus heu! frugilem confregit malleus urnam.&quot;</i></span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> This part of the system was perfected in the reign of
+Charles I.</p></div>
+
+<p>It has frequently happened, that the virtues of the individual, at least
+their excess (if, indeed, there can be an excess in virtue), have been
+fatal to the prince. Never was this more fully exemplified than in the
+history of Charles I. His zeal for religion, his family affection, the
+spirit with which he defended his supposed rights, while they do honour
+to the man, were the fatal shelves upon which the monarchy was wrecked.
+Impatient to accomplish the total revolution, which his father's
+cautious timidity had left incomplete, Charles endeavoured at once to
+introduce into Scotland the church-government, and to renew, in England,
+the temporal domination, of his predecessor, Henry VIII. The furious
+temper of the Scottish nation first took fire; and the brandished
+footstool of a prostitute<a name="FNanchor_A_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_4"><sup>[A]</sup></a> gave the signal for civil dissension,
+which ceased not till the church was buried under the ruins of the
+constitution; till the nation had stooped to a military despotism; and
+the monarch to the block of the executioner.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_4">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;<i>Out, false loon! wilt thou say the mass at my lug
+(ear)</i>,&quot; was the well known exclamation of Margaret Geddes, as she
+discharged her missile tripod against the bishop of Edinburgh, who,
+in obedience to the orders of the privy-council, was endeavouring to
+rehearse the common prayer. Upon a seat more elevated, the said Margaret
+had shortly before done penance, before the congregation, for the sin of
+fornication: such, at least, is the tory tradition.</p></div>
+
+<p>The consequence of Charles' hasty and arbitrary measures were soon
+evident. The united nobility, gentry, and clergy of Scotland, entered
+into the SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, by which memorable deed, they
+subscribed and swore a national renunciation of the hierarchy. The walls
+of the prelatic Jericho (to use the language of the times) were thus
+levelled with the ground, and the curse of Hiel, the Bethelite,
+denounced against those who should rebuild them. While the clergy
+thundered, from the pulpits, against the prelatists and malignants (by
+which names were distinguished the scattered and heartless adherents of
+Charles), the nobility and gentry, in arms, hurried to oppose the march
+of the English army, which now advanced towards their borders. At the
+head of their defensive forces they placed Alexander Lesley, who, with
+many of his best officers, had been trained to war under the great
+Gustavus Adolphus. They soon assembled an army of 26,000 men, whose
+camp, upon Dunse-law, is thus described by an eye-witness.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Mr Baillie acknowledges, that it was an agreeable feast to his eyes,
+to survey the place: it is a round hill, about a Scots mile in circle,
+rising, with very little declivity, to the height of a bow-shot, and the
+head somewhat plain, and near a quarter of a mile in length and breadth;
+on the top it was garnished with near forty field pieces, pointed
+towards the east and south. The colonels, who were mostly noblemen, as
+Rothes, Cassilis, Eglinton, Dalhousie, Lindsay, Lowdon, Boyd, Sinclair,
+Balcarras, Flemyng, Kirkcudbright, Erskine, Montgomery, Yester, &amp;c.
+lay in large tents at the head of their respective regiments; their
+captains, who generally were barons, or chief gentlemen, lay around
+them: next to these were the lieutenants, who were generally old
+veterans, and had served in that, or a higher station, over sea; and the
+common soldiers lay outmost, all in huts of timber, covered with divot,
+or straw. Every company, which, according to the first plan, did consist
+of two hundred men, had their colours flying at the captain's tent door,
+with the Scots arms upon them, and this motto, in golden letters, &quot;FOR
+CHRIST'S CROWN AND COVENANT.&quot; Against this army, so well arrayed and
+disciplined, and whose natural hardihood was edged and exalted by a high
+opinion of their sacred cause, Charles marched at the head of a large
+force, but divided, by the emulation of the commanders, and enervated,
+by disuse of arms. A faintness of spirit pervaded the royal army, and
+the king stooped to a treaty with his Scottish subjects. The treaty was
+soon broken; and, in the following year, Dunse-law again presented the
+same edifying spectacle of a presbyterian army. But the Scots were not
+contented with remaining there. They passed the Tweed; and the English
+troops, in a skirmish at Newburn, shewed either more disaffection,
+or cowardice, than had at any former period disgraced their national
+character. This war was concluded by the treaty of Rippon; in
+consequence of which, and of Charles's concessions, made during his
+subsequent visit to his native country, the Scottish parliament
+congratulated him on departing &quot;a contented king, from a contented
+people.&quot; If such content ever existed, it was of short duration.</p>
+
+<p>The storm, which had been soothed to temporary rest in Scotland, burst
+forth in England with treble violence. The popular clamour accused
+Charles, or his ministers, of fetching into Britain the religion of
+Rome, and the policy of Constantinople. The Scots felt most keenly the
+first, and the English the second, of these aggressions. Accordingly,
+when the civil war of England broke forth, the Scots nation, for a time,
+regarded it in neutrality, though not with indifference. But, when the
+successes of a prelatic monarch, against a presbyterian parliament, were
+paving the way for rebuilding the system of hierarchy, they could no
+longer remain inactive. Bribed by the delusive promise of Sir Henry
+Vane, and Marshall, the parliamentary commissioners, that the church of
+England should be reformed, <i>according to the word of God</i>, which, they
+fondly believed, amounted to an adoption of presbytery, they agreed to
+send succours to their brethren of England. Alexander Lesly, who ought
+to have ranked among the <i>contented</i> subjects, having been raised by the
+king to the honours of Earl of Leven, was, nevertheless, readily induced
+to accept the command of this second army. Doubtless, where insurrection
+is not only pardoned, but rewarded, a monarch has little right to expect
+gratitude for benefits, which all the world, as well as the receiver,
+must attribute to fear. Yet something is due to decency; and the best
+apology for Lesly, is his zeal for propagating presbyterianism in
+England, the bait which had caught the whole parliament of Scotland.
+But, although the Earl of Leven was commander in chief, David Lesly, a
+yet more renowned and active soldier than himself, was major-general of
+the cavalry, and, in truth, bore away the laurels of the expedition.</p>
+
+<p>The words of the following march, which was played in the van of this
+presbyterian crusade, were first published by Allan Ramsay, in his
+<i>Evergreen</i>; and they breathe the very spirit we might expect. Mr
+Ritson, in his collection of Scottish songs, has favoured the public
+with the music, which seems to have been adapted to the bagpipes.</p>
+
+<p>The hatred of the old presbyterians to the organ was, apparently,
+invincible. It is here vilified with the name of a &quot;<i>chest-full of
+whistles</i>,&quot; as the episcopal chapel at Glasgow was, by the vulgar,
+opprobriously termed the <i>Whistling Kirk</i>. Yet, such is the revolution
+of sentiment upon this, as upon more important points, that reports have
+lately been current, of a plan to introduce this noble instrument into
+presbyterian congregations.</p>
+
+<p>The share, which Lesly's army bore in the action of Marston Moor, has
+been exalted, or depressed, as writers were attached to the English or
+Scottish nations, to the presbyterian or independent factions. Mr Laing
+concludes, with laudable impartiality, that the victory was equally due
+to &quot;Cromwell's iron brigade of disciplined independents, and to three
+regiments of Lesly's horse.&quot;&mdash;Vol I. p. 244.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p><a name="l">LESLY'S MARCH.</a></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">March! march!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Why the devil do ye na march?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stand to your arms, my lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fight in good order;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Front about, ye musketeers all,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till ye come to the English border:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Stand til't, and fight like men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">True gospel to maintain.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The parliament's blythe to see us a' coming.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">When to the kirk we come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">We'll purge it ilka room,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frae popish reliques, and a' sic innovation,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That a' the warld may see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">There's nane in the right but we,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of the auld Scottish nation.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Jenny</i> shall wear the hood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Jocky</i> the sark of God;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the kist-fou of whistles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That mak sic a cleiro,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our piper's braw</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shall hae them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whate'er come on it:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Busk up your plaids, my lads!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Cock up your bonnets!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 5em;"><i>Da Capo.</i></span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is so immediately connected with the former, that the editor
+is enabled to continue his sketch of historical transactions, from the
+march of Lesly.</p>
+
+<p>In the insurrection of 1680, all Scotland, south from the Grampians, was
+actively and zealously engaged. But, after the treaty of Rippon, the
+first fury of the revolutionary torrent may be said to have foamed off
+its force, and many of the nobility began to look round, with horror,
+upon the rocks and shelves amongst which it had hurried them. Numbers
+regarded the defence of Scotland as a just and necessary warfare, who
+did not see the same reason for interfering in the affairs of England.
+The visit of King Charles to the metropolis of his fathers, in all
+probability, produced its effect on his nobles. Some were allied to
+the house of Stuart by blood; all regarded it as the source of their
+honours, and venerated the ancient in obtaining the private objects of
+ambition, or selfish policy which had induced them to rise up against
+the crown. Amongst these late penitents, the well known marquis of
+Montrose was distinguished, as the first who endeavoured to recede from
+the paths of rude rebellion. Moved by the enthusiasm of patriotism, or
+perhaps of religion, but yet more by ambition, the sin of noble
+minds, Montrose had engaged, eagerly and deeply, upon the side of the
+covenanters He had been active in pressing the town of Aberdeen to take
+the covenant, and his success against the Gordons, at the bridge of Dee,
+left that royal burgh no other means of safety from pillage. At the head
+of his own battalion, he waded through the Tweed, in 1640, and totally
+routed the vanguard of the king's cavalry. But, in 1643, moved with
+resentment against the covenanters who preferred, to his prompt and
+ardent character, the caution of the wily and politic earl of Argyle, or
+seeing, perhaps, that the final views of that party were inconsistent
+with the interests of monarchy, and of the constitution, Montrose
+espoused the falling cause of royalty and raised the Highland clans,
+whom he united to a small body of Irish, commanded by Alexander
+Macdonald, still renowned in the north, under the title of Colkitto.
+With these tumultuary and uncertain forces, he rushed forth, like a
+torrent from the mountains, and commenced a rapid and brilliant career
+of victory. At Tippermoor, where he first met the covenanters, their
+defeat was so effectual, as to appal the presbyterian courage, even
+after the lapse of eighty years.<a name="FNanchor_A_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_5"><sup>[A]</sup></a> A second army was defeated under the
+walls of Aberdeen; and the pillage of the ill-fated town was doomed to
+expiate the principles, which Montrose himself had formerly imposed upon
+them. Argyleshire next experienced his arms; the domains of his rival
+were treated with more than military severity; and Argyle himself,
+advancing to Inverlochy for the defence of his country, was totally
+and disgracefully routed by Montrose. Pressed betwixt two armies,
+well appointed, and commanded by the most experienced generals of the
+Covenant, Mozitrose displayed more military skill in the astonishingly
+rapid marches, by which he avoided fighting to disadvantage, than even
+in the field of victory. By one of those hurried marches, from the banks
+of Loch Katrine to the heart of Inverness-shire, he was enabled to
+attack, and totally to defeat, the Covenanters, at Aulderne though he
+brought into the field hardly one half of their forces. Baillie, a
+veteran officer, was next routed by him, at the village of Alford,
+in Strathbogie. Encouraged by these repeated and splendid successes,
+Montrose now descended into the heart of Scotland, and fought a bloody
+and decisive battle, near Kilsyth, where four thousand covenanters fell
+under the Highland claymore.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_5">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Upon the breaking out of the insurrection, in the year
+1715, the earl of Rothes, sheriff and lord-lieutenant of the county of
+Fife, issued out an order for &quot;all the fencible men of the countie to
+meet him, at a place called Cashmoor. The gentlemen took no notice of
+his orders, nor did the commons, except those whom the ministers forced
+to goe to the place of rendezvouse, to the number of fifteen hundred
+men, being all that their utmost diligence could perform. But those of
+that countie, having been taught by their experience, that it is not
+good meddling with edge tools, especiallie in the hands of Highlandmen,
+were very averse from taking armes. No sooner they reflected on the name
+of the place of rendezvouse, Cashmoor, than Tippermoor was called to
+mind; a place not far from thence, where Montrose had routed them, when
+under the command of my great-grand-uncle the earl of Wemyss, then
+generall of God's armie. In a word, the unlucky choice of a place,
+called <i>Moo</i>, appeared ominous; and that, with the flying report of the
+Highlandmen having made themselves masters of Perth, made them throw
+down their armes, and run, notwithstanding the trouble that Rothes and
+the ministers gave themselves to stop them.&quot;&mdash;M.S. <i>Memoirs of Lord St
+Clair.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>This victory opened the whole of Scotland to Montrose He occupied the
+capital, and marched forward to the border; not merely to complete the
+subjection of the southern provinces, but with the flattering hope of
+pouring his victorious army into England, and bringing to the support of
+Charles the sword of his paternal tribes.</p>
+
+<p>Half a century before Montrose's career, the state of the borders was
+such as might have enabled him easily to have accomplished his daring
+plan. The marquis of Douglas, the earls of Hume, Roxburgh, Traquair, and
+Annandale, were all descended of mighty border chiefs, whose ancestors
+could, each of them, have led into the field a body of their own
+vassals, equal in numbers, and superior in discipline, to the army of
+Montrose. But the military spirit of the borderers, and their attachment
+to their chiefs, had been much broken since the union of the crowns. The
+disarming acts of James had been carried rigorously into execution, and
+the smaller proprietors, no longer feeling the necessity of protection
+from their chiefs in war, had aspired to independence, and embraced
+the tenets of the covenant. Without imputing, with Wishart, absolute
+treachery to the border nobles, it may be allowed, that they looked with
+envy upon Montrose, and with dread and aversion upon his rapacious and
+disorderly forces. Hence, had it been in their power, it might not have
+altogether suited their inclinations, to have brought the strength
+of the border lances to the support of the northern clans. The once
+formidable name of Douglas still sufficed to raise some bands, by
+whom Montrose was joined, in his march down the Gala. With these
+reinforcements, and with the remnant of his Highlanders (for a great
+number had returned home with Colkitto, to deposit their plunder, and
+provide for their families), Montrose after traversing the border,
+finally encamped upon the field of Philiphaugh.</p>
+
+<p>The river Ettrick, immediately after its junction with the Yarrow, and
+previous to its falling into the Tweed, makes a large sweep to the
+southward, and winds almost beneath the lofty bank, on which the town
+of Selkirk stands; leaving, upon the northern side, a large and level
+plain, extending in an easterly direction, from a hill, covered with
+natural copse-wood, called the Harehead-wood, to the high ground which
+forms the banks of the Tweed, near Sunderland-hall. This plain is called
+Philliphaugh:<a name="FNanchor_A_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_6"><sup>[A]</sup></a> it is about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter
+of a mile broad; and, being defended, to the northward, by the high
+hills which separate Tweed from Yarrow, by the river in front, and by
+the high grounds, already mentioned on each flank, it forms, at once,
+a convenient and a secure field of encampment. On each flank Montrose
+threw up some trenches, which are still visible; and here he posted his
+infantry, amounting to about twelve or fifteen hundred men. He himself
+took up his quarters in the burgh of Selkirk, and, with him, the
+cavalry, in number hardly one thousand, but respectable, as being
+chiefly composed of gentlemen, and their immediate retainers. In this
+manner, by a fatal and unaccountable error, the river Ettrick was thrown
+betwixt the cavalry and infantry, which were to depend upon each other
+for intelligence and mutual support. But this might be overlooked by
+Montrose, in the conviction, that there was no armed enemy of Charles
+in the realm of Scotland; for he is said to have employed the night in
+writing and dispatching this agreeable intelligence to the king. Such an
+enemy was already within four miles of his camp.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_6">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The Scottish language is rich in words, expressive of local
+situation The single word <i>haugh</i>, conveys, to a Scotsman, almost all
+that I have endeavoured to explain in the text, by circumlocutory
+description.</p></div>
+
+<p>Recalled by the danger of the cause of the Covenant, General David Lesly
+came down from England, at the head of those iron squadrons, whose force
+had been proved in the fatal battle of Long Marston Moor. His array
+consisted of from five to six thousand men, chiefly cavalry. Lesly's
+first plan seems to have been, to occupy the mid-land counties, so as to
+intercept the return of Montrose's Highlanders, and to force him to an
+unequal combat Accordingly, he marched along the eastern coast, from
+Berwick to Tranent; but there he suddenly altered his direction, and,
+crossing through Mid-Lothian, turned again to the southward, and,
+following the course of Gala water, arrived at Melrose, the evening
+before the engagement How it is possible that Montrose should have
+received no notice whatever of the march of so considerable an army,
+seems almost inconceivable, and proves, that the country was strongly
+disaffected to his cause, or person. Still more extraordinary does it
+appear, that, even with the advantage of a thick mist, Lesly should
+have, the next morning, advanced towards Montrose's encampment without
+being descried by a single scout. Such, however, was the case, and it
+was attended with all the consequences of the most complete surprisal.
+The first intimation that Montrose received of the march of Lesly,
+was the noise of the conflict, or, rather, that which attended the
+unresisted slaughter of his infantry, who never formed a line of battle:
+the right wing alone, supported by the thickets of Harehead-wood, and
+by the entrenchments which are there still visible, stood firm for some
+time. But Lesly had detached two thousand men, who, crossing the Ettrick
+still higher up than his main body, assaulted the rear of Montrose's
+right wing. At this moment, the marquis himself arrived, and beheld
+his army dispersed, for the first time, in irretrievable route. He
+had thrown himself upon a horse the instant he heard the firing, and,
+followed by such of his disorderly cavalry as had gathered upon the
+alarm, he galloped from Selkirk, crossed the Ettrick, and made a bold
+and desperate attempt to retrieve the fortune of the day. But all was
+in vain; and, after cutting his way, almost singly, through a body of
+Lesly's troopers, the gallant Montrose graced by his example the
+retreat of the fugitives. That retreat he continued up Yarrow, and over
+Minch-moor; nor did he stop till he arrived at Traquair, sixteen miles
+from the field of battle. Upon Philiphaugh he lost, in one defeat, the
+fruit of six splendid victories: nor was he again able effectually to
+make head, in Scotland, against the covenanted cause. The number slain
+in the field did not exceed three or four hundred; for the fugitives
+found refuge in the mountains, which had often been the retreat of
+vanquished armies, and were impervious to the pursuer's cavalry. Lesly
+abused his victory, and dishonoured his arms, by slaughtering, in cold
+blood, many of the prisoners whom he had taken; and the court-yard of
+Newark castle is said to have been the spot, upon which they were
+shot by his command. Many others are said, by Wishart, to have been
+precipitated from a high bridge over the Tweed. This, as Mr Laing
+remarks, is impossible; because there was not a bridge over the Tweed
+betwixt Peebles and Berwick. But there is an old bridge, over the
+Ettrick, only four miles from Philiphaugh, and another over the Yarrow,
+both of which lay in the very line of flight and pursuit; and either
+might have been the scene of the massacre. But if this is doubtful,
+it is too certain, that several of the royalists were executed by the
+Covenanters, as traitors to the king and parliament.<a name="FNanchor_A_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_7"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_7">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> A covenanted minister, present at the execution of these
+gentlemen observed, &quot;This wark gaes bonnilie on!&quot; an amiable
+exclamation equivalent to the modern <i>&ccedil;a ira</i>, so often used on similar
+occasions.&mdash;<i>Wishart's Memoirs of Montrose.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>I have reviewed, at some length, the details of this memorable
+engagement, which, at the same time, terminated the career of a hero,
+likened, by no mean judge of mankind<a name="FNanchor_A_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_8"><sup>[A]</sup></a> to those of antiquity, and
+decided the fate of his country. It is further remarkable, as the last
+field which was fought in Ettrick forest, the scene of so many bloody
+actions. The unaccountable neglect of patroles, and the imprudent
+separation betwixt the horse and foot, seem to have been the immediate
+causes of Montrose's defeat. But the ardent and impetuous character
+of this great warrior, corresponding with that of the troops which he
+commanded was better calculated for attack than defence; for surprising
+others, rather than for providing against surprise himself. Thus, he
+suffered loss by a sudden attack upon part of his forces, stationed at
+Aberdeen;<a name="FNanchor_B_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_9"><sup>[B]</sup></a> and, had he not extricated himself with the most singular
+ability, he must have lost his whole army, when surprised by Baillie,
+during the plunder of Dundee. Nor has it escaped an ingenious modern
+historian, that his final defeat at Dunbeath, so nearly resembles in its
+circumstances the surprise at Philiphaugh, as to throw some shade on his
+military talents.&mdash;LAING'S <i>History</i>.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_8">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Cardinal du Retz.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_9">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Colonel Hurry, with a party of horse, surprised the town,
+while Montrose's Highlanders and cavaliers were &quot;dispersed through the
+town, drinking carelessly in their lodgings; and, hearing the horse's
+feet, and great noise, were astonished, never dreaming of their enemy.
+However, Donald Farquharson happened to come to the causey, where he was
+cruelly slain, anent the Court de Guard; a brave gentleman, and one of
+the noblest captains amongst all the Highlanders of Scotland. Two or
+three others were killed, and some (taken prisoners) had to Edinburgh,
+and cast into irons in the tolbooth. Great lamentation was made for this
+gallant, being still the king's man for life and death.&quot;&mdash;SPALDING
+Vol. II. p. 281. The journalist, to whom all matters were of equal
+importance, proceeds to inform us, that Hurry took the marquis of
+Huntly's best horse, and, in his retreat through Montrose seized upon
+the marquis's second son. He also expresses his regret, that &quot;the said
+Donald Farquharson's body was found in the street, stripped naked: for
+they tirr'd from off his body a rich stand of apparel, but put on the
+same day.&quot;&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>The following ballad, which is preserved by tradition in Selkirkshire,
+coincides accurately with historical fact. This, indeed, constitutes its
+sole merit. The Covenanters were not, I dare say, addicted, more
+than their successors &quot;to the profane and unprofitable art of
+poem-making.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_10"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Still, however, they could not refrain from some
+strains of exultation, over the defeat of the <i>truculent tyrant</i>, James
+Grahame. For, gentle reader, Montrose, who, with resources which seemed
+as none, gained six victories, and reconquered a kingdom; who, a poet, a
+scholar, a cavalier, and a general, could have graced alike a court,
+and governed a camp; this Montrose was numbered, by his covenanted
+countrymen, among &quot;the troublers of Israel, the fire-brands of hell, the
+Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rabshakahs, the Hamans, the Tobiahs,
+and Sanballats of the time.&quot;</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_10">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> So little was the spirit of illiberal fanaticism decayed
+in some parts of Scotland, that only thirty years ago, when Wilson,
+the ingenious author of a poem, called &quot;<i>Clyde</i>,&quot; now republished, was
+inducted into the office of schoolmaster at Greenock, he was obliged
+formally, and in writing, to abjure <i>&quot;the profane and unprofitable art
+of poem-making.&quot;</i> It is proper to add, that such an incident is <i>now</i> as
+unlikely to happen in Greenock as in London.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On Philiphaugh a fray began,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">At Hairhead wood it ended;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Scots out o'er the Graemes they ran,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sae merrily they bended.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir David frae the border came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wi' heart an' hand came he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' him three thousand bonny Scotts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To bear him company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' him three thousand valiant men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A noble sight to see!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A cloud o' mist them weel concealed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As close as e'er might be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When they came to the Shaw burn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Said he, &quot;Sae weel we frame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I think it is convenient,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That we should sing a psalm.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_11"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When they came to the Lingly burn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As day-light did appear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They spy'd an aged father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he did draw them near.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come hither, aged father!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sir David he did cry,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And tell me where Montrose lies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;With all his great army.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, first, you must come tell to me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;If friends or foes you be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I fear you are Montrose's men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Come frae the north country.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;No, we are nane o' Montrose's men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor e'er intend to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am sir David Lesly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That's speaking unto thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If you're sir David Lesly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As I think weel ye be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'm sorry ye hae brought so few</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Into your company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's fifteen thousand armed men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Encamped on yon lee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye'll never be a bite to them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For aught that I can see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, halve your men in equal parts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Your purpose to fulfil;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Let ae half keep the water side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The rest gae round the hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your nether party fire must,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Then beat a flying drum;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And then they'll think the day's their ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And frae the trench they'll come.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then, those that are behind them maun</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gie shot, baith grit and sma';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And so, between your armies twa,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye may make them to fa'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O were ye ever a soldier?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sir David Lesly said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O yes; I was at Solway flow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Where we were all betray'd.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Again I was at curst Dunbar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And was a pris'ner ta'en;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And many weary night and day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In prison I hae lien.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If ye will lead these men aright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Rewarded shall ye be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, if that ye a traitor prove,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll hang thee on a tree.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sir, I will not a traitor prove;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Montrose has plundered me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll do my best to banish him</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Away frae this country.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He halv'd his men in equal parts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His purpose to fulfill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The one part kept the water side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The other gaed round the hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The nether party fired brisk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Then turn'd and seem'd to rin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And then they a' came frae the trench,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And cry'd, &quot;the day's our ain!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The rest then ran into the trench,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loos'd their cannons a':</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thus, between his armies twa,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He made them fast to fa'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, let us a' for Lesly pray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And his brave company!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For they hae vanquish'd great Montrose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our cruel enemy.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_11">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Various reading; &quot;That we should take a dram.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>When they came to the Shaw burn.</i>&mdash;P. 27. v. 1. A small stream, that
+joins the Ettrick, near Selkirk, on the south side of the river.</p>
+
+<p><i>When they came to the Lingly burn.</i>&mdash;P. 27. v. 2. A brook, which falls
+into the Ettrick, from the north, a little above the Shaw burn.</p>
+
+<p><i>They spy'd an aged father.</i>&mdash;P. 27. v. 2. The traditional commentary
+upon the ballad states this man's name to have been Brydone, ancestor to
+several families in the parish of Ettrick, particularly those occupying
+the farms of Midgehope and Redford Green. It is a strange anachronism,
+to make this aged father state himself at the battle of <i>Solway flow,</i>
+which was fought a hundred years before Philiphaugh; and a still
+stranger, to mention that of Dunbar, which did not take place till five
+years after Montrose's defeat.</p>
+
+<p>A tradition, annexed to a copy of this ballad, transmitted to me by Mr
+James Hogg, bears, that the earl of Traquair, on the day of the battle,
+was advancing with a large sum of money, for the payment of Montrose's
+forces, attended by a blacksmith, one of his retainers. As they crossed
+Minch-moor, they were alarmed by firing, which the earl conceived to
+be Montrose exercising his forces, but which his attendant, from the
+constancy and irregularity of the noise, affirmed to be the tumult of an
+engagement. As they came below Broadmeadows, upon Yarrow, they met their
+fugitive friends, hotly pursued by the parliamentary troopers. The earl,
+of course, turned, and fled also: but his horse, jaded with the weight
+of dollars which he carried, refused to take the hill; so that the earl
+was fain to exchange with his attendant, leaving him with the breathless
+horse, and bag of silver, to shift for himself; which he is supposed
+to have done very effectually. Some of the dragoons, attracted by the
+appearance of the horse and trappings, gave chase to the smith, who
+fled up the Yarrow; but finding himself as he said, encumbered with the
+treasure, and unwilling that it should be taken, he flung it into a
+well, or pond, near the Tinnies, above Hangingshaw. Many wells were
+afterwards searched in vain; but it is the general belief, that the
+smith, if he ever hid the money, knew too well how to anticipate the
+scrutiny. There is, however, a pond, which some peasants began to drain,
+not long ago, in hopes of finding the golden prize, but were prevented,
+as they pretended, by supernatural interference.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The preceding ballad was a song of triumph over the defeat of Montrose
+at Philiphaugh; the verses, which follow are a lamentation for his final
+discomfiture and cruel death. The present edition of <i>&quot;The Gallant
+Grahams&quot;</i> is given from tradition, enlarged and corrected by an ancient
+printed edition, entitled, <i>&quot;The Gallant Grahams of Scotland&quot;</i> to the
+tune of <i>&quot;I will away, and I will not tarry,&quot;</i> of which Mr Ritson
+favoured the editor with an accurate copy.</p>
+
+<p>The conclusion of Montrose's melancholy history is too well known. The
+Scottish army, which sold king Charles I. to his parliament, had, we may
+charitably hope, no idea that they were bartering his blood; although
+they must have been aware, that they were consigning him to perpetual
+bondage.<a name="FNanchor_A_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_12"><sup>[A]</sup></a> At least the sentiments of the kingdom at large differed
+widely from those of the military merchants, and the danger of king
+Charles drew into England a well appointed Scottish army, under the
+command of the duke of Hamilton. But he met with Cromwell, and to meet
+with Cromwell was inevitable defeat. The death of Charles, and the
+triumph of the independents, excited still more highly the hatred and
+the fears of the Scottish nation. The outwitted presbyterians, who saw,
+too late, that their own hands had been employed in the hateful task
+of erecting the power of a sect, yet more fierce and fanatical than
+themselves, deputed a commission to the Hague, to treat with Charles
+II., whom, upon certain conditions they now wished to restore to the
+throne of his fathers. At the court of the exiled monarch, Montrose also
+offered to his acceptance a splendid plan of victory and conquest, and
+pressed for his permission to enter Scotland; and there, collecting the
+remains of the royalists to claim the crown for his master, with the
+sword in his hand. An able statesman might perhaps have reconciled these
+jarring projects; a good man would certainly have made a decided choice
+betwixt them. Charles was neither the one not the other; and, while he
+treated with the presbyterians, with a view of accepting the crown from
+their hands, he scrupled not to authorise Montrose, the mortal enemy of
+the sect, to pursue his separate and inconsistent plan of conquest.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_12">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> As Salmasius quaintly, but truly, expresses it,
+<i>Presbyterian iligaverunt independantes trucidaverunt</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>Montrose arrived in the Orkneys with six hundred Germans, was furnished
+with some recruits from those islands, and was joined by several
+royalists, as he traversed the wilds of Caithness and Sutherland: but,
+advancing into Ross-shire, he was surprised, and totally defeated,
+by colonel Strachan, an officer of the Scottish parliament, who had
+distinguished himself in the civil wars, and who afterwards became a
+decided Cromwellian. Montrose, after a fruitless resistance, at length
+fled from the field of defeat, and concealed himself in the grounds of
+Macleod of Assint to whose fidelity he entrusted his life, and by whom
+he was delivered up to Lesly, his most bitter enemy.</p>
+
+<p>He was tried for what was termed treason against the estates of the
+kingdom; and, despite the commission of Charles for his proceedings, he
+was condemned to die by a parliament, who acknowledged Charles to be
+their king, and whom, on that account only, Montrose acknowledged to be
+a parliament.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The clergy,&quot; says a late animated historian, &quot;whose vocation it was to
+persecute the repose of his last moments, sought, by the terrors of his
+sentence, to extort repentance; but his behaviour, firm and dignified to
+the end, repelled their insulting advances with scorn and disdain. He
+was prouder, he replied, to have his head affixed to the prison-walls,
+than to have his picture placed in the king's bed-chamber: 'and, far
+from being troubled that my limbs are to be sent to your principal
+cities, I wish I had flesh enough to be dispersed through Christendom,
+to attest my dying attachment to my king.' It was the calm employment of
+his mind, that night, to reduce this extravagant sentiment to verse.
+He appeared next day, on the scaffold, in a rich habit, with the same
+serene and undaunted countenance, and addressed the people, to vindicate
+his dying unabsolved by the church, rather than to justify an invasion
+of the kingdom, during a treaty with the estates. The insults of his
+enemies were not yet exhausted. The history of his exploits was attached
+to his neck by the public executioner: but he smiled at their inventive
+malice; declared, that he wore it with more pride than he had done the
+garter; and, when his devotions were finished, demanding if any more
+indignities remained to be practised, submitted calmly to an unmerited
+fate.&quot;&mdash;<i>Laing's History of Scotland,</i> Vol. I. p. 404.</p>
+
+<p>Such was the death of James Graham, the great marquis of Montrose, over
+whom some lowly bard has poured forth the following elegiac verses. To
+say, that they are far unworthy of the subject, is no great reproach;
+for a nobler poet might have failed in the attempt. Indifferent as the
+ballad is, we may regret its being still more degraded by many apparent
+corruptions. There seems an attempt to trace Montrose's career, from his
+first raising the royal standard, to his second expedition and death;
+but it is interrupted and imperfect. From the concluding stanza, I
+presume the song was composed upon the arrival of Charles in Scotland,
+which so speedily followed the execution of Montrose, that the king
+entered the city while the head of his most faithful and most successful
+adherent was still blackening in the sun.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Baith kith and countrie I bid adieu;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For I maun away, and I may not stay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To some uncouth land which I never knew.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To wear the blue I think it best,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Of all the colours that I see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And I'll wear it for the gallant Grahams,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That are banished from their countrie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I have no gold, I have no land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I have no pearl, nor precious stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But I wald sell my silken snood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To see the gallant Grahams come hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Wallace days when they began,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sir John the Graham did bear the gree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through all the lands of Scotland wide;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He was a lord of the south countrie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And so was seen full many a time;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For the summer flowers did never spring,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But every Graham, in armour bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Would then appear before the king.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They all were dressed in armour sheen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Upon the pleasant banks of Tay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Before a king they might be seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">These gallant Grahams in their array.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At the Goukhead our camp we set,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our leaguer down there for to lay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, in the bonnie summer light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">We rode our white horse and our gray.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Our false commander sold our king</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Unto his deadly enemie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who was the traitor Cromwell, then;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">So I care not what they do with me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They have betrayed our noble prince,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And banish'd him from his royal crown;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But the gallant Grahams have ta'en in hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For to command those traitors down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Glen-Prosen<a name="FNanchor_A_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_13"><sup>[A]</sup></a> we rendezvoused,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">March'd to Glenshie by night and day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And took the town of Aberdeen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And met the Campbells in their array.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Five thousand men, in armour strong.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Did meet the gallant Grahams that day</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Inverlochie, where war began,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And scarce two thousand men were they.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gallant Montrose, that chieftain bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Courageous in the best degree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Did for the king fight well that day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The lord preserve his majestie!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Did for king Charles wear the blue;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But the cavaliers they all were sold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Newton Gordon, burd-alone</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And Dalgatie, both stout and keen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gallant Veitch upon the field,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A braver face was never seen.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, fare ye weel, sweet Ennerdale!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Countrie and kin I quit ye free;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Chear up your hearts, brave cavaliers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For the Grahams are gone to high Germany.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now brave Montrose he went to France,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to Germany, to gather fame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And bold Aboyne is to the sea,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Young Huntly is his noble name.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Montrose again, that chieftain bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Back unto Scotland fair he came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For to redeem fair Scotland's land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The pleasant, gallant, worthy Graham!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At the water of Carron he did begin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And fought the battle to the end;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where there were killed, for our noble king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Two thousand of our Danish men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">By whom the king's banner was borne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For a brave cavalier was he,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But now to glory he is gone.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And, Lesly, ill death may thou die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For ye have betrayed the gallant Grahams,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Who aye were true to majestic.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the laird of Assint has seized Montrose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And had him into Edinburgh town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And frae his body taken the head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And quartered him upon a trone.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Huntly's gone the selfsame way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And our noble king is also gone;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He suffered death for our nation,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Our mourning tears can ne'er be done.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But our brave young king is now come home,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">King Charles the second in degree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Lord send peace into his time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And God preserve his majestie!</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_13">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Glen-Prosen, in Angus-shire.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale.</i>&mdash;P. 38. v. 1. A corruption of
+Endrickdale. The principal, and most ancient possessions of the Montrose
+family lie along the water of Endrick, in Dumbartonshire.</p>
+
+<p><i>Sir John the Graham did bear the gree.</i>&mdash;P. 39. v. 1. The faithful
+friend and adherent of the immortal Wallace, slain at the battle of
+Falkirk.</p>
+
+<p><i>Who was the traitor Cromwell, then.</i>&mdash;P. 39. v. 5. This extraordinary
+character, to whom, in crimes and in success our days only have produced
+a parallel, was no favourite in Scotland. There occurs the following
+invective against him, in a MS. in the Advocates' Library. The humour
+consists in the dialect of a Highlander, speaking English, and confusing
+<i>Cromwell</i> with <i>Gramach,</i> ugly:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Te commonwelt, tat Gramagh ting.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gar brek hem's word, gar do hem's king;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gar pay hem's sesse, or take hem's (geers)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'l no de at, del come de leers;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'l bide a file amang te crowes, (<i>i.e.</i> in the woods)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'l scor te sword, and wiske to bowes;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And fen her nen-sel se te re, (the king)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Te del my care for <i>Gromaghee</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>The following tradition, concerning Cromwell, is preserved by an
+uncommonly direct line of traditional evidence; being narrated (as I am
+informed) by the grandson of an eye-witness. When Cromwell, in 1650,
+entered Glasgow, he attended divine service in the High Church; but the
+presbyterian divine, who officiated, poured forth, with more zeal than
+prudence, the vial of his indignation upon the person, principles, and
+cause, of the independent general. One of Cromwell's officers rose,
+and whispered his commander; who seemed to give him a short and stern
+answer, and the sermon was concluded without interruption Among the
+crowd, who were assembled to gaze at the general, as he came out of the
+church, was a shoemaker, the son of one of James the sixth's Scottish
+footmen. This man had been born and bred in England, but, after his
+father's death, had settled in Glasgow. Cromwell eyed him among the
+crowd, and immediately called him by his name&mdash;the man fled; but, at
+Cromwell's command, one of his retinue followed him, and brought him
+to the general's lodgings. A number of the inhabitants remained at the
+door, waiting the end of this extraordinary scene. The shoemaker soon
+came out, in high spirits, and, shewing some gold, declared, he was
+going to drink Cromwell's health. Many attended him to hear the
+particulars of his interview; among others, the grandfather of the
+narrator. The shoemaker said, that he had been a playfellow of Cromwell
+when they were both boys, their parents residing in the same street;
+that he had fled, when the general first called to him, thinking he
+might owe him some ill-will, on account of his father being in the
+service of the royal family. He added, that Cromwell had been so very
+kind and familiar with him, that he ventured to ask him, what the
+officer had said to him in the church. &quot;He proposed,&quot; said Cromwell, &quot;to
+pull forth the &quot;minister by the ears; and I answered, that the preacher
+was &quot;one fool, and he another.&quot; In the course of the day, Cromwell held
+an interview with the minister, and contrived to satisfy his scruples so
+effectually, that the evening discourse, by the same man, was tuned to
+the praise and glory of the victor of Naseby.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Did for King Charles wear the, blue.</i>&mdash;P. 40. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>This gentleman was of the ancient family of Gordon of Gight. He had
+served, as a soldier, upon the continent, and acquired great military
+skill. When his chief, the marquis of Huntly, took up arms in 1640,
+Nathaniel Gordon, then called Major Gordon, joined him, and was of
+essential service during that short insurrection. But, being checked
+for making prize of a Danish fishing buss, he left the service of the
+marquis, in some disgust. In 1644, he assisted at a sharp and dexterous
+<i>camisade</i> (as it was then called), when the barons of Haddo, of Gight,
+of Drum, and other gentlemen, with only sixty men under their standard,
+galloped through the old town of Aberdeen, and, entering the burgh
+itself, about seven in the morning, made prisoners, and carried off,
+four of the covenanting magistrates and effected a safe retreat, though
+the town was then under the domination of the opposite party. After the
+death of the baron of Haddo, and the severe treatment of Sir George
+Gordon of Gight, his cousin-german, Major Nathaniel Gordon seems to have
+taken arms, in despair of finding mercy at the covenanters' hands. On
+the 24th of July, 1645, he came down, with a band of horsemen, upon the
+town of Elgin, while St James' fair was held, and pillaged the merchants
+of 14,000 merks of money and merchandize.<a name="FNanchor_A_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_14"><sup>[A]</sup></a> He seems to have joined
+Montrose, as soon as he raised the royal standard; and, as a bold and
+active partizan, rendered him great service. But, in November 1644,
+Gordon, now a colonel, suddenly deserted Montrose, aided the escape of
+Forbes of Craigievar, one of his prisoners, and reconciled himself to
+the kirk, by doing penance for adultery, and for the almost equally
+heinous crime of having scared Mr Andrew Cant,<a name="FNanchor_B_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_15"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the famous apostle of
+the covenant. This, however, seems to have been an artifice, to arrange
+a correspondence betwixt Montrose and Lord Gordon, a gallant young
+nobleman, representative of the Huntley family, and inheriting their
+loyal spirit, though hitherto engaged in the service of the covenant.
+Colonel Gordon was successful, and returned to the royal camp with his
+converted chief. Both followed zealously the fortunes of Montrose, until
+Lord Gordon fell in the battle of Alford, and Nathaniel Gordon was taken
+at Philiphaugh. He was one of ten loyalists, devoted upon that occasion,
+by the parliament, to expiate, with their blood, the crime of fidelity
+to their king. Nevertheless, the covenanted nobles would have probably
+been satisfied with the death of the gallant Rollock, sharer of
+Montrose's dangers and glory, of Ogilvy, a youth of eighteen, whose
+crime was the hereditary feud betwixt his family and Argyle, and of Sir
+Philip Nisbet, a cavalier of the ancient stamp, had not the pulpits
+resounded with the cry, that God required the blood of the malignants,
+to expiate the sins of the people. &quot;What meaneth,&quot; exclaimed the
+ministers, in the perverted language of scripture&mdash;&quot;What meaneth, then,
+this bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen?&quot; The
+appeal to the judgment of Samuel was decisive, and the shambles were
+instantly opened. Nathaniel Gordon was brought first to execution. He
+lamented the sins of his youth, once more (and probably with greater
+sincerity) requested absolution from the sentence of excommunication
+pronounced on account of adultery, and was beheaded 6th January 1646.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_14">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Spalding, Vol. II. pp. 151, 154, 169, 181, 221. <i>History of
+the Family of Gordon,</i> Edin. 1727, Vol. II. p. 299.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_15">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> He had sent him a letter, which nigh frightened him out of
+his wits.&mdash;SPALDING, Vol. II. p. 231.</p></div>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.</i>&mdash;P. 40, v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>Leith, of Harthill, was a determined loyalist, and hated the
+covenanters, not without reason. His father, a haughty high-spirited
+baron, and chief of a clan, happened, in 1639, to sit down in the desk
+of provost Lesly, in the high kirk of Aberdeen He was disgracefully
+thrust out by the officers, and, using some threatening language to the
+provost, was imprisoned, like a felon, for many months, till he became
+furious, and nearly mad. Having got free of the shackles, with which he
+was loaded, he used his liberty by coming to the tolbooth window where
+he uttered the most violent and horrible threats against Provost Lesly,
+and the other covenanting magistrates, by whom he had been so severely
+treated. Under pretence of this new offence, he was sent to Edinburgh,
+and lay long in prison there; for, so fierce was his temper, that no one
+would give surety for his keeping the peace with his enemies, if set at
+liberty. At length he was delivered by Montrose, when he made himself
+master of Edinburgh.&mdash;SPALDING, Vol. I. pp. 201; 266. His house of
+Harthill was dismantled, and miserably pillaged by Forbes of
+Craigievar, who expelled his wife and children with the most relentless
+inhumanity.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> Vol. II. p. 225. Meanwhile, young Harthill was the
+companion and associate of Nathaniel Gordon, whom he accompanied at
+plundering the fair of Elgin, and at most of Montrose's engagements. He
+retaliated severely on the covenanters, by ravaging and burning their
+lands. <i>Ibid.</i> Vol. II. p. 301. His fate has escaped my notice.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And Dalgatie, both stout and keen.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Sir Francis Hay, of Dalgatie, a steady cavalier, and a gentleman of
+great gallantry and accomplishment. He was a faithful follower of
+Montrose, and was taken prisoner with him at his last fatal battle. He
+was condemned to death, with his illustrious general. Being a Roman
+catholic, he refused the assistance of the presbyterian clergy, and was
+not permitted, even on the scaffold, to receive ghostly comfort, in the
+only form in which his religion taught him to consider it as effectual.
+He kissed the axe, avowed his fidelity to his sovereign, and died like a
+soldier.&mdash;<i>Montrose's Memoirs,</i> p. 322.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And Newton Gordon, burd-alone.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Newton, for obvious reasons, was a common appellation of an estate, or
+barony, where a new edifice had been erected. Hence, for distinction's
+sake, it was anciently compounded with the name of the proprietor;
+as, Newtown-Edmonstone, Newtown-Don, Newtown-Gordon, &amp;c. Of Gordon
+of Newtown, I only observe, that he was, like all his clan, a steady
+loyalist, and a follower of Montrose.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And gallant Veitch, upon the field.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>I presume this gentleman to have been David Veitch, brother to Veitch of
+Dawick, who, with many other of the Peebles-shire gentry, was taken
+at Philiphaugh. The following curious accident took place, some years
+afterwards, in consequence of his loyal zeal.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In the year 1653, when the loyal party did arise in arms against the
+English, in the North and West Highlands, some noblemen and loyal
+gentlemen, with others, were forward to repair to them, with such forces
+as they could make; which the English, with marvelouse diligence, night
+and day, did bestir themselves to impede; making their troops of horse
+and dragoons to pursue the loyal party in all places, that they might
+not come to such a considerable number as was designed. It happened, one
+night, that one Captain Masoun, commander of a troop of dragoons, that
+came from Carlisle, in England, marching through the town of Sanquhar,
+in the night, was encountered by one captain Palmer, commanding a troop
+of horse, that came from Ayr, marching eastward; and, meeting at the
+tollhouse, or tolbooth, one David Veitch, brother to the laird of
+Dawick, in Tweeddale, and one of the loyal party, being prisoner in
+irons by the English, did arise, and came to the window at their
+meeting, and cryed out, that they should <i>fight valiantly for King
+Charles</i>, Where-through, they, taking each other for the loyal party,
+did begin a brisk fight, which continued for a while, til the dragoons,
+having spent their shot, and finding the horsemen to be too strong for
+them, did give ground; but yet retired, in some order, towards the
+castle of Sanquhar, being hotly pursued by the troop, through the whole
+town, above a quarter of a mile, till they came to the castle; where
+both parties did, to their mutual grief, become sensible of their
+mistake. In this skirmish there were several killed on both sides, and
+Captain Palmer himself dangerously wounded, with many mo wounded in each
+troop, who did peaceably dwell together afterward for a time, untill
+their wounds were cured, in Sanquhar castle.&quot;&mdash;<i>Account of Presbytery of
+Penpont, in Macfarlane's MSS.</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And bold Aboyne is to the sea,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Young Huntly is his noble name.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>James, earl of Aboyne, who fled to France, and there died heart-broken.
+It is said, his death was accelerated by the news of King Charles'
+execution. He became representative of the Gordon family, or <i>Young
+Huntly</i>, as the ballad expresses it, in consequence of the death of his
+elder brother, George, who fell in the battle of Alford.&mdash;<i>History of
+Gordon Family.</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Two thousand of our Danish men.</i>&mdash;P. 41. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>Montrose's foreign auxiliaries, who, by the way, did not exceed 600 in
+all.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>By whom the king's banner was borne.</i>&mdash;P. 42. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Gilbert Menzies, younger of Pitfoddells, carried the royal banner in
+Montrose's last battle. It bore the headless corpse of Charles I., with
+this motto, <i>&quot;Judge and revenge my cause, O Lord!&quot;</i> Menzies proved
+himself worthy of this noble trust, and, obstinately refusing quarter,
+died in defence of his charge. <i>Montrose's Memoirs</i>.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith.</i>&mdash;P. 42. v. 2.</span><br>
+
+<p>Sir Charles Hacket, an officer in the service of the estates.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And Huntly's gone, the selfsame way.</i>&mdash;P. 42. v. 4.</span><br>
+
+<p>George Gordon, second marquis of Huntley, one of the very few nobles in
+Scotland, who had uniformly adhered to the king from the very beginning
+of the troubles, was beheaded by the sentence of the parliament of
+Scotland (so calling themselves), upon the 22d March, 1649, one month
+and twenty-two days after the martyrdom of his master. He has been much
+blamed for not cordially co-operating with Montrose; and Bishop Wishart,
+in the zeal of partiality for his hero, accuses Huntley of direct
+treachery. But he is a true believer, who seals, with his blood, his
+creed, religious or political; and there are many reasons, short of this
+foul charge, which may have dictated the backward conduct of Huntley
+towards Montrose. He could not forget, that, when he first stood out for
+the king, Montrose, then the soldier of the covenant, had actually made
+him prisoner: and we cannot suppose Huntley to have been so sensible of
+Montrose's superior military talents, as not to think himself, as equal
+in rank, superior in power, and more uniform in loyalty entitled to
+equally high marks of royal trust and favour. This much is certain, that
+the gallant clan of Gordon contributed greatly to Montrose's success;
+for the gentlemen of that name, with the brave and loyal Ogilvies,
+composed the principal part of his cavalry.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>We have observed the early antipathy, mutually entertained by the
+Scottish presbyterians and the house of Stuart It seems to have glowed
+in the breast even of the good-natured Charles II. He might have
+remembered, that, in 1551, the presbyterians had fought, bled, and
+ruined themselves in his cause. But he rather recollected their early
+faults than their late repentance; and even their services were combined
+with the recollection of the absurd and humiliating circumstances of
+personal degradation,<a name="FNanchor_A_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_16"><sup>[A]</sup></a> to which their pride and folly had subjected
+him, while they professed to espouse his cause. As a man of pleasure, he
+hated their stern and inflexible rigour, which stigmatised follies
+even more deeply than crimes; and he whispered to his confidents, that
+&quot;presbytery was no religion for a gentleman.&quot; It is not, therefore,
+wonderful, that, in the first year of his restoration, he formally
+reestablished prelacy in Scotland; but it is surprising, that, with his
+father's example before his eyes, he should not have been satisfied
+to leave at freedom the consciences of those who could not reconcile
+themselves to the new system. The religious opinions of sectaries have a
+tendency like the water of some springs, to become soft and mild, when
+freely exposed to the open day. Who can recognise in the decent and
+industrious quakers, and ana-baptists the wild and ferocious tenets
+which distinguished their sects, while they were yet honoured with the
+distinction of the scourge and the pillory? Had the system of coercion
+against the presbyterians been continued until our day, Blair and
+Robertson would have preached in the wilderness, and only discovered
+their powers of eloquence and composition, by rolling along a deeper
+torrent of gloomy fanaticism.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_16">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Among other ridiculous occurrences, it is said, that some
+of Charles's gallantries were discovered by a prying neighbour. A wily
+old minister was deputed, by his brethren, to rebuke the king for this
+heinous scandal. Being introduced into the royal presence he limited
+his commission to a serious admonition, that, upon such occasions,
+his majesty should always shut the windows.&mdash;The king is said to have
+recompensed this unexpected lenity after the Restoration. He probably
+remembered the joke, though he might have forgotten the service.</p></div>
+
+<p>The western counties distinguished themselves by their opposition to the
+prelatic system. Three hundred and fifty ministers, ejected from their
+churches and livings, wandered through the mountains, sowing the seeds
+of covenanted doctrine, while multitudes of fanatical followers pursued
+them, to reap the forbidden crop. These conventicles as they were
+called, were denounced by the law, and their frequenters dispersed by
+military force. The genius of the persecuted became stubborn, obstinate,
+and ferocious; and, although indulgencies were tardily granted to some
+presbyterian ministers, few of the true covenanters or whigs, as they
+were called, would condescend to compound with a prelatic government, or
+to listen even to their own favourite doctrine under the auspices of the
+king. From Richard Cameron, their apostle, this rigid sect acquired the
+name of Cameronians. They preached and prayed against the indulgence,
+and against the presbyterians who availed themselves of it, because
+their accepting this royal boon was a tacit acknowledgment of the king's
+supremacy in ecclesiastical matters. Upon these bigotted and persecuted
+fanatics, and by no means upon the presbyterians at large, are to
+be charged the wild anarchical principles of anti-monarchy and
+assassination which polluted the period when they flourished.</p>
+
+<p>The insurrection, commemorated and magnified in the following ballad, as
+indeed it has been in some histories, was, in itself, no very important
+affair. It began in Dumfries-shire where Sir James Turner, a soldier
+of fortune, was employed to levy the arbitrary fines imposed for not
+attending the episcopal churches. The people rose, seized his person,
+disarmed his soldiers, and having continued together, resolved to march
+towards Edinburgh, expecting to be joined by their friends in that
+quarter. In this they were disappointed; and, being now diminished to
+half their numbers, they drew up on the Pentland Hills, at a place
+called Rullien Green. They were commanded by one Wallace; and here they
+awaited the approach of General Dalziel, of Binns; who, having marched
+to Calder, to meet them on the Lanark road, and finding, that, by
+passing through Collington, they had got to the other side of the hills,
+cut through the mountains, and approached them. Wallace shewed both
+spirit and judgment: he drew his men up in a very strong situation, and
+withstood two charges of Dalziel's cavalry; but, upon the third shock,
+the insurgents were broken, and utterly dispersed. There was very little
+slaughter, as the cavalry of Dalziel were chiefly gentlemen, who pitied
+their oppressed and misguided countrymen. There were about fifty killed,
+and as many made prisoners. The battle was fought on the 28th November,
+1666; a day still observed by the scattered remnant of the Cameronian
+sect, who regularly hear a field-preaching upon the field of battle.</p>
+
+<p>I am obliged for a copy of the ballad to Mr Livingston of Airds, who
+took it down from the recitation of an old woman residing on his estate.</p>
+
+<p>The gallant Grahams, mentioned in the text, are Graham of Claverhouse's
+horse.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This Ballad is copied verbatim from the Old Woman's recitation.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The gallant Grahams cum from the west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' their horses black as ony craw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Lothian lads they marched fast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To be at the Rhyns o' Gallowa.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Betwixt Dumfries town and Argyle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The lads they marched mony a mile;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Souters and taylors unto them drew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their covenants for to renew.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The whigs, they, wi' their merry cracks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gard the poor pedlars lay down their packs;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But aye sinsyne they do repent</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The renewing o' their covenant.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A the Mauchline muir, where they were reviewed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ten thousand men in armour shewed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, ere they cam to the Brockie's burn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The half o' them did back return.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">General Dalyell, as I hear tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was our lieutenant general;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And captain Welsh, wi' his wit and skill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was to guide them on to the Pentland hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">General Dalyell held to the hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Asking at them what was their will;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And who gave them this protestation,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To rise in arms against the nation?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Although we all in armour be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It's not against his majesty;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor yet to spill our neighbour's bluid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But wi' the country we'll conclude.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lay down your arms, in the king's name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ye shall all gae safely hame;&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But they a' cried out, wi' ae consent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll fight a broken covenant.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O well,&quot; says he, &quot;since it is so,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A willfu' man never wanted woe;&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He then gave a sign unto his lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they drew up in their brigades.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The trumpets blew, and the colours flew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And every man to his armour drew;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The whigs were never so much aghast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As to see their saddles toom sae fast.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The cleverest men stood in the van,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The whigs they took their heels and ran;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But such a raking was never seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As the raking o' the Rullien Green.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The whigs, now become desperate, adopted the most desperate principles;
+and retaliating, as far as they could, the intolerating persecution
+which they endured, they openly disclaimed allegiance to any monarch
+who should not profess presbytery, and subscribe the covenant.&mdash;These
+principles were not likely to conciliate the favour of government; and
+as we wade onward in the history of the times, the scenes become yet
+darker. At length, one would imagine the parties had agreed to divide
+the kingdom of vice betwixt them; the hunters assuming to themselves
+open profligacy and legalized oppression; and the hunted, the opposite
+attributes of hypocrisy, fanaticism, disloyalty, and midnight
+assassination. The troopers and cavaliers became enthusiasts in the
+pursuit of the covenanters If Messrs Kid, King, Cameron, Peden, &amp;c.
+boasted of prophetic powers, and were often warned of the approach of
+the soldiers, by supernatural impulse,<a name="FNanchor_A_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_17"><sup>[A]</sup></a> captain John Creichton, on
+the other side, dreamed dreams, and saw visions (chiefly, indeed, after
+having drunk hard), in which the lurking holes of the rebels were
+discovered to his imagination.<a name="FNanchor_B_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_18"><sup>[B]</sup></a> Our ears are scarcely more shocked
+with the profane execrations of the persecutors,<a name="FNanchor_C_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_19"><sup>[C]</sup></a> than with the
+strange and insolent familiarity used towards the Deity by the
+persecuted fanatics. Their indecent modes of prayer, their extravagant
+expectations of miraculous assistance, and their supposed inspirations,
+might easily furnish out a tale, at which the good would sigh, and the
+gay would laugh.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_17">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> In the year 1684, Peden, one of the Cameronian preachers,
+about ten o'clock at night, sitting at the fire-side, started up to his
+feet, and said, &quot;Flee, auld Sandie (thus he designed himself), and hide
+yourself! for colonel&mdash;&mdash;is coming to this house to apprehend you; and
+I advise you all to do the like, for he will be here within an hour;&quot;
+which came to pass: and when they had made a very narrow search, within
+and without the house, and went round the thorn-bush, under which he was
+lying praying, they went off without their prey. He came in, and said,
+&quot;And has this gentleman (designed by his name) given poor Sandie, and
+thir poor things, such a fright? For this night's work, God shall give
+him such a blow, within a few days, that all the physicians on earth
+shall not be able to cure;&quot; which came to pass, for he died in great
+misery.&mdash;<i>Life of Alexander Peden.</i></p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_18">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> See the life of this booted apostle of prelacy, written by
+Swift, who had collected all his anecdotes of persecution, and appears
+to have enjoyed them accordingly.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_19">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;They raved,&quot; says Peden's historian, &quot;like fleshly devils,
+when the mist shrouded from their pursuit the wandering whigs.&quot; One
+gentleman closed a declaration of vengeance against the conventiclers
+with this strange imprecation, &quot;Or may the devil make my ribs a gridiron
+to my soul!&quot;&mdash;MS. <i>Account of the Presbytery of Penpont.</i> Our armies
+swore terribly in Flanders, but nothing to this!</p></div>
+
+<p>In truth, extremes always approach each other; and the superstition of
+the Roman catholics was, in some degree, revived, even by their most
+deadly enemies. They are ridiculed by the cavaliers, as wearing the
+relics of their saints by way of amulet:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She shewed to me a box, wherein lay hid</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The pictures of Cargil and Mr Kid;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A splinter of the tree, on which they were slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A double inch of Major Weir's best cane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rathillet's sword, beat down to table-knife,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Which took at Magus' Muir a bishop's life;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The worthy Welch's spectacles, who saw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That windle-straws would fight against the law;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They, windle-straws, were stoutest of the two,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They kept their ground, away the prophet flew;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And lists of all the prophets' names were seen</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At Pentland Hills, Aird-Moss, and Rullen Green.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Don't think,&quot; she says, &quot;these holy things are foppery;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They're precious antidotes against the power of popery.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>The Cameronian Tooth.&mdash;Pennycuick's Poems,</i> p. 110.</span><br>
+
+<p>The militia and standing army soon became unequal to the task of
+enforcing conformity, and suppressing conventicles In, their aid, and to
+force compliance with a test proposed by government, the Highland
+clans were raised, and poured down into Ayrshire.<a name="FNanchor_A_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_20"><sup>[A]</sup></a> An armed host
+of undisciplined mountaineers, speaking a different language, and
+professing, many of them, another religion, were let loose, to ravage
+and plunder this unfortunate country; and it is truly astonishing to
+find how few acts of cruelty they perpetrated, and how seldom they added
+murder to pillage<a name="FNanchor_B_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_21"><sup>[B]</sup></a> Additional levies of horse were also raised, under
+the name of Independent Troops, and great part of them placed under the
+command of James Grahame of Claverhouse a man well known to fame, by
+his subsequent title of viscount Dundee, but better remembered, in the
+western shires, under the designation of the bloody Clavers. In truth,
+he appears to have combined the virtues and vices of a savage chief.
+Fierce, unbending, and rigorous, no emotion of compassion prevented his
+commanding, and witnessing, every detail of military execution against
+the non-conformists. Undauntedly brave, and steadily faithful to his
+prince, he sacrificed himself in the cause of James, when he was
+deserted by all the world. If we add, to these attributes, a goodly
+person, complete skill in martial exercises, and that ready and decisive
+character, so essential to a commander, we may form some idea of this
+extraordinary character. The whigs, whom he persecuted daunted by his
+ferocity and courage, conceived him to be impassive to their bullets,<a name="FNanchor_C_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_22"><sup>[C]</sup></a>
+and that he had sold himself, for temporal greatness, to the
+seducer of mankind. It is still believed, that a cup of wine,
+presented to him by his butler, changed into clotted blood; and
+that, when he plunged his feet into cold water, their touch
+caused it to boil. The steed, which bore him, was supposed
+to be the gift of Satan; and precipices are shewn, where a fox could
+hardly keep his feet, down which the infernal charger conveyed him
+safely, in pursuit of the wanderers. It is remembered, with terror, that
+Claverhouse was successful in every engagement with the whigs, except
+that at Drumclog, or Loudon-hill, which is the subject of the following
+ballad. The history of Burly, the hero of the piece, will bring us
+immediately to the causes and circumstances of that event.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_20">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Peden complained heavily, that, after a heavy struggle with
+the devil, he had got above him, <i>spur-galled</i> him hard, and obtained a
+wind to carry him from Ireland to Scotland, when, behold! another person
+had set sail, and reaped the advantage of his <i>prayer-wind,</i> before he
+could embark.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_21">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Cleland thus describes this extraordinary army:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&mdash;Those, who were their chief commanders,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As sach who bore the pirnie standarts.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who led the van, and drove the rear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Were right well mounted of their gear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With brogues, and trews, and pirnie plaids,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With good blue bonnets on their heads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Which, oil the one side, had a flipe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adorn'd with a tobacco pipe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With durk, and snap-work, and snuff-mill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A bag which they with onions fill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, as their strict observers say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A tup-born filled with usquebay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A slasht out coat beneath her plaides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A targe of timber, nails, and hides;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a long two-handed sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As good's the country can afford.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Had they not need of bulk-and bones.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who fought with all these arms at once?</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">*&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  *&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  *&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;  *</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of moral honestie they're clean,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nought like religion they retain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In nothing they're accounted sharp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Except in bag-pipe, and in harp;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For a misobliging word,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She'll durk her neighbour o'er the boord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And then she'll flee like fire from flint,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She'll scarcely ward the second dint;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If any ask her of her thrift.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forsooth her nainsell lives by thift.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Cleland's Poems,</i> Edin. 1697, p. 12.</span><br>
+</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_22">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> It was, and is believed, that the devil furnished his
+favourites, among the persecutors, with what is called <i>proof</i>
+against leaden bullets, but against those only. During the battle of
+Pentland-hills Paton of Meadowhead conceived he saw the balls hop
+harmlessly down from General Dalziel's boots, and, to counteract the
+spell, loaded his pistol with a piece of silver coin. But Dalziel,
+having his eye on him, drew back behind his servant, who was shot
+dead.&mdash;<i>Paton's Life.</i> At a skirmish, in Ayrshire, some of the wanderers
+defended themselves in a sequestered house, by the side of a lake. They
+aimed repeatedly, but in vain, at the commander of the assailants, an
+English officer, until, their ammunition running short, one of them
+loaded his piece with the ball at the head of the tongs, and succeeded
+in shooting the hitherto impenetrable captain. To accommodate Dundee's
+fate to their own hypothesis, the Cameronian tradition runs, that, in
+the battle of Killicrankie, he fell, not by the enemy's fire, but by the
+pistol of one of his own servants, who, to avoid the spell, had loaded
+it with a silver button from his coat. One of their writers argues thus:
+&quot;Perhaps, some may think this, anent proof-shot, a paradox, and be ready
+to object here, as formerly concerning Bishop Sharpe and Dalziel&mdash;How
+can the devil have, or give, power to save life? Without entering upon
+the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1. That it is neither
+in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is
+called Apollyon, the destroyer. 2. That, even in this case, he is said
+only to give enchantment against one kind of metal, and this does not
+save life: for, though lead could not take Sharpe and Claverhouse's
+lives, yet steel and silver could do it; and, for Dalziel, though
+he died not on the field, yet he did not escape the arrows of the
+Almighty.&quot;&mdash;<i>God's Judgement against Persecutors.</i> If the reader be not
+now convinced of <i>the thing in its reality</i>, I have nothing to add to
+such exquisite reasoning.</p></div>
+
+<p>John Balfour of Kinloch, commonly called Burly, was one of the fiercest
+of the proscribed sect. A gentleman by birth, he was, says his
+biographer, &quot;zealous and honest-hearted, courageous in every enterprise,
+and a brave soldier, seldom any escaping that came in his hands.&quot; <i>Life
+of John Balfour.</i> Creichton says, that he was once chamberlain to
+Archbishop Sharpe, and, by negligence, or dishonesty, had incurred
+a large arrear, which occasioned his being active in his master's
+assassination. But of this I know no other evidence than Creichton's
+assertion, and a hint in Wodrow. Burly, for that is his most common
+designation, was brother-in-law to Hackston of Rathillet a wild
+enthusiastic character, who joined daring courage, and skill in the
+sword, to the fiery zeal of his sect. Burly, himself, was less eminent
+for religious fervour than for the active and violent share which he had
+in the most desperate enterprises of his party. His name does not appear
+among the covenanters, who were denounced for the affair of Pentland.
+But, in 1677, Robert Hamilton, afterwards commander of the insurgents at
+Loudon Hill, and Bothwell Bridge, with several other non-conformists,
+were assembled at this Burly's house, in Fife. There they were attacked
+by a party of soldiers, commanded by Captain Carstairs, whom they beat
+off, wounding desperately one of his party. For this resistance to
+authority, they were declared rebels. The next exploit, in which Burly
+was engaged, was of a bloodier complexion, and more dreadful celebrity.
+It is well known, that James Sharpe, archbishop of St Andrews, was
+regarded, by the rigid presbyterians, not only as a renegade, who had
+turned back from the spiritual plough, but as the principal author of
+the rigours exercised against their sect. He employed, as an agent of
+his oppression, one Carmichael, a decayed gentleman. The industry
+of this man, in procuring information, and in enforcing the severe
+penalties against conventiclers, having excited the resentment of
+the Cameronians, nine of their number, of whom Burly, and his
+brother-in-law, Hackston, were the leaders, assembled, with the purpose
+of way-laying and murdering Carmichael; but, while they searched for him
+in vain, they received tidings that the archbishop himself was at hand.
+The party resorted to prayer; after which, they agreed, unanimously,
+that the Lord had delivered the wicked Haman into their hand. In the
+execution of the supposed will of heaven, they agreed to put themselves
+under the command of a leader; and they requested Hackston of Rathillet
+to accept the office, which he declined alleging, that, should he comply
+with their request, the slaughter might be imputed to a private quarrel,
+which existed betwixt him and the archbishop. The command was then
+offered to Burly, who accepted it without scruple; and they galloped off
+in pursuit of the archbishop's carriage, which contained himself and
+his daughter. Being well mounted, they easily overtook and disarmed the
+prelate's attendants. Burly, crying out, &quot;Judas, be taken!&quot; rode up to
+the carriage, wounded the postillion and ham-strung one of the horses.
+He then fired into the coach a piece, charged with several bullets, so
+near, that the archbishop's gown was set on fire. The rest, coming up,
+dismounted, and dragged him out of the carriage, when, frightened and
+wounded, he crawled towards Hackston, who still remained on horseback,
+and begged for mercy. The stern enthusiast contented himself with
+answering, that he would not himself <i>lay a hand on him</i>. Burly and his
+men again fired a volley upon the kneeling old man; and were in the act
+of riding off, when one, who remained to girth his horse, unfortunately
+heard the daughter of their victim call to the servant for help,
+exclaiming, that his master was still alive. Burly then again
+dismounted, struck off the prelate's hat with his foot, and split his
+skull with his shable (broad sword), although one of the party (probably
+Rathillet) exclaimed, &quot;<i>Spare these grey hairs</i>!&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_23"><sup>[A]</sup></a> The rest pierced
+him with repeated wounds. They plundered the carriage, and rode off,
+leaving, beside the mangled corpse, the daughter, who was herself
+wounded, in her pious endeavour to interpose betwixt her father and his
+murderers. The murder is accurately represented, in bas-relief, upon a
+beautiful monument erected to the memory of Archbishop Sharpe, in the
+metropolitan church of St Andrews. This memorable example of fanatic
+revenge was acted upon Magus Muir, near St Andrews, 3d May, 1679.<a name="FNanchor_B_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_24"><sup>[B]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_23">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> They believed Sharpe to be proof against shot; for one of
+the murderers told Wodrow, that, at the sight of cold iron, his courage
+fell. They no longer doubted this, when they found in his pocket a small
+clue of silk, rolled round a bit of parchment, marked with two long
+words, in Hebrew or Chaldaic characters. Accordingly, it is still
+averred, that the balls only left blue marks on the prelate's neck and
+breast, although the discharge was so near as to burn his clothes.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_24">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> The question, whether the bishop of St Andrews' death was
+murder was a shibboleth, or <i>experimentum crucis</i>, frequently put to the
+apprehended conventiclers. Isabel Alison, executed at Edinburgh, 26th
+January, 1681, was interrogated, before the privy council, if she
+conversed with David Hackston? &quot;I answered, I did converse with him, and
+I bless the Lord that ever I saw him; for I never saw ought in him but
+a godly pious youth. They asked, if the killing of the bishop of St
+Andrews was a pious act? I answered, I never heard him say he killed
+him; but, if God moved any, and put it upon them, to execute his
+righteous judgment upon him, I have nothing to say to that. They asked
+me, when saw ye John Balfour (Burly), that pious youth? I answered,
+I have seen him. They asked, when? I answered, these are frivolous
+questions; I am not bound to answer them.&quot; <i>Cloud of Witnesses</i>, p. 85.</p></div>
+
+<p>Burly was, of course, obliged to leave Fife; and, upon the 25th of the
+same month, he arrived in Evandale, in Lanarkshire, along with Hackston,
+and a fellow, called Dingwall, or Daniel, one of the same bloody band.
+Here he joined his old friend Hamilton, already mentioned; and, as they
+resolved to take up arms, they were soon at the head of such a body of
+the &quot;chased and tossed western men,&quot; as they thought equal to keep the
+field. They resolved to commence their exploits upon the 29th of May,
+1679, being the anniversary of the Restoration, appointed to be kept as
+a holiday, by act of parliament; an institution which they esteemed a
+presumptuous and unholy solemnity. Accordingly, at the head of eighty
+horse, tolerably appointed, Hamilton, Burly, and Hackston, entered the
+royal burgh of Rutherglen, extinguished the bonfires, made in honour
+of the day; burned at the cross the acts of parliament in favour of
+prelacy, and for suppression of conventicles, as well as those acts
+of council, which regulated the indulgence granted to presbyterians.
+Against all these acts they entered their solemn protest, or testimony,
+as they called it; and, having affixed it to the cross, concluded with
+prayer and psalms. Being now joined by a large body of foot, so that
+their strength seems to have amounted to five or six hundred men, though
+very indifferently armed, they encamped upon Loudoun Hill. Claverhouse,
+who was in garrison at Glasgow, instantly marched against the
+insurgents, at the head of his own troop of cavalry and others,
+amounting to about one hundred and fifty men. He arrived at Hamilton,
+on the 1st of June, so unexpectedly, as to make prisoner John King, a
+famous preacher among the wanderers; and rapidly continued his march,
+carrying his captive along with him, till he came to the village of
+Drumclog, about a mile east of Loudoun Hill, and twelve miles south-west
+of Hamilton. At some distance from this place, the insurgents were
+skilfully posted in a boggy strait, almost inaccessible to cavalry,
+having a broad ditch in their front. Claverhouse's dragoons discharged
+their carabines, and made an attempt to charge; but the nature of the
+ground threw them into total disorder. Burly, who commanded the handful
+of horse belonging to the whigs, instantly led them down on the
+disordered squadrons of Claverhouse, who were, at the same time,
+vigorously assaulted by the foot, headed by the gallant Cleland,<a name="FNanchor_A_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_25"><sup>[A]</sup></a> and
+the enthusiastic Hackston. Claverhouse himself was forced to fly, and
+was in the utmost danger of being taken; his horse's belly being cut
+open by the stroke of a scythe, so that the poor animal trailed his
+bowels for more than a mile. In his flight, he passed King, the
+minister, lately his prisoner, but now deserted by his guard, in the
+general confusion. The preacher hollowed to the flying commander, &quot;to
+halt, and take his prisoner with him;&quot; or, as others say, &quot;to stay,
+and take the afternoon's preaching.&quot; Claverhouse, at length remounted,
+continued his retreat to Glasgow. He lost, in the skirmish, about twenty
+of his troopers, and his own cornet and kinsman, Robert Graham, whose
+fate is alluded to in the ballad. Only four of the other side were
+killed, among whom was Dingwall, or Daniel, an associate of Burly in
+Sharpe's murder. &quot;The rebels,&quot; says Creichton, &quot;finding the cornet's
+body, and supposing it to be that of Clavers, because the name of Graham
+was wrought in the shirt-neck, treated it with the utmost inhumanity;
+cutting off the nose, picking out the eyes, and stabbing it through in
+a hundred places.&quot; The same charge is brought by Guild, in his <i>Bellum
+Bothuellianum</i>, in which occurs the following account of the skirmish at
+Drumclog:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mons est occiduus surgit qui celsus in oris</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Nomine Loudunum) fossis puteisque profundis</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quot scatet hic tellus et aprico gramine tectus:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Huc collecta (ait) numeroso milite cincta;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Turba ferox, matres, pueri, innuptaeque puellae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quam parat egregia Graemus dispersere turma.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Venit, et primo campo discedere cogit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Post hos et alios, caeno provolvit inerti;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At numerosa cohors, campum dispersa per omnem,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Circumfusa, ruit; turmasque indagine captas,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Aggreditur; virtus non hic, nec profuit ensis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Corripuere fugam, viridi sed gramine tectis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Precipitata perit, fossis, pars plurima, quorum</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cornipedes haesere luto, sessore rejecto:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tum rabiosa cohors, misereri nescia, stratos</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Invadit laceratque viros: hic signifer eheu!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Trajectus globulo, Graemus quo fortior alter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Inter Scotigenas fuerat, nec justior ullus:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hunc manibus rapuere feris, faciemque virilem</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Faedarunt, lingua, auriculus, manibusque resectis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Aspera, diffuso, spargentes saxa, cerebro:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vix dux ipse fuga salvus, namque exta trahebat</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vulnere tardatus, sonipes generosus hiante:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Insequitur clamore, cohors fanatica, namque</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Crudelis semper timidus si vicerit unquam.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>MS. Bellum Bothuellianum.</i></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_25">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> William Cleland, a man of considerable genius, was author
+of several poems, published in 1697. His Hudibrastic verses are poor
+scurrilous trash, as the reader may judge from the description of the
+Highlanders, already quoted. But, in a wild rhapsody, entitled, &quot;Hollo,
+my Fancy,&quot; he displays some imagination. His anti-monarchical principles
+seem to break out in the following lines:&mdash;
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fain would I know (if beasts have any reason)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>If falcons killing eagles do commit a treason?</i></span><br>
+</p><p>
+He was a strict non-conformist, and, after the Revolution, became
+lieutenant colonel of the earl of Angus's regiment, called the
+Cameronian regiment. He was killed 21st August, 1689, in the churchyard
+of Dunkeld, which his corps manfully and successfully defended against
+a superior body of Highlanders. His son was the author of the letter
+prefixed to the Dunciad, and is said to have been the notorious Cleland,
+who, in circumstances of pecuniary embarrassment, prostituted his
+talents to the composition of indecent and infamous works; but this
+seems inconsistent with dates, and the latter personage was probably the
+grandson of Colonel Cleland.</p></div>
+
+<p>Although Burly was among the most active leaders in the action, he was
+not the commander in chief, as one would conceive from the ballad. That
+honour belonged to Robert Hamilton, brother to Sir William Hamilton of
+Preston, a gentleman, who, like most of those at Drumclog, had imbibed
+the very wildest principles of fanaticism. The Cameronian account of
+the insurrection states, that &quot;Mr Hamilton discovered a great deal of
+bravery and valour, both in the conflict with, and pursuit of the enemy;
+but when he and some others were pursuing the enemy, others flew too
+greedily upon the spoil, small as it was, instead of pursuing the
+victory: and some, without Mr Hamilton's knowledge, and against his
+strict command, gave five of these bloody enemies quarters, and then let
+them go: this greatly grieved Mr Hamilton, when he saw some of Babel's
+brats spared, after the Lord had delivered them to their hands, that
+they might dash them against the stones.&quot; <i>Psalm</i> cxxxvii. 9. In his own
+account of this, &quot;he reckons the sparing of these enemies, and letting
+them go, to be among their first stepping aside; for which, he feared
+that the Lord would not honour them to do much more for him; and says,
+that he was neither for taking favours from, nor giving favours to the
+Lord's enemies.&quot; Burly was not a likely man to fall into this sort of
+backsliding. He disarmed one of the duke of Hamilton's servants, who had
+been in the action, and desired him to tell his master, he would keep,
+till meeting, the pistols he had taken from him. The man described Burly
+to the duke as a little stout man, squint-eyed, and of a most ferocious
+aspect; from which it appears, that Burly's figure corresponded to his
+manners, and perhaps gave rise to his nickname, <i>Burly</i> signifying
+<i>strong</i>. He was with the insurgents till the battle of Bothwell Bridge,
+and afterwards fled to Holland. He joined the prince of Orange, but died
+at sea, during the expedition. The Cameronians still believe, he
+had obtained liberty from the prince to be avenged of those who had
+persecuted the Lord's people; but through his death, the laudable design
+of purging the land with their blood, is supposed to have fallen to the
+ground.&mdash;<i>Life of Balfour of Kinloch.</i></p>
+
+<p>The consequences of the battle of Loudon Hill will be detailed in the
+introduction to the next ballad.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">You'l marvel when I tell ye o'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Our noble Burly, and his train;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When last he march'd up thro' the land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' sax and twenty westland men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than they I ne'er o' braver heard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For they had a' baith wit and skill</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They proved right well, as I heard tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As they cam up o'er Loudoun Hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Weel prosper a' the gospel lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That are into the west countrie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ay wicked Claver'se to demean,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ay an ill dead may he die!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he's drawn up i' battle rank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' that baith soon an' hastilie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But they wha live till simmer come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Some bludie days for this will see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up spak cruel Claver'se then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' hastie wit, an' wicked skill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gie fire on yon westlan' men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I think it is my sov'reign's will.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up bespake his cornet, then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It's be wi' nae consent o' me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ken I'll ne'er come back again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' mony mae as weel as me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There is not ane of a' yon men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But wha is worthy other three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There is na ane amang them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That in his cause will stap to die.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' as for Burly, him I knaw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He's a man of honour, birth, an' fame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gie him a sword into his hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He'll fight thysel an' other ten.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up spake wicked Claver'se then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wat his heart it raise fu' hie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has cry'd that a' might hear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Man, ye hae sair deceived me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I never ken'd the like afore,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Na, never since I came frae hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That you sae cowardly here suld prove,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' yet come of a noble Graeme.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up bespake his cornet, then,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since that it is your honour's will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Mysel shall be the foremost man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That shall gie fire on Loudoun Hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;At your command I'll lead them on,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But yet wi' nae consent o' me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For weel I ken I'll ne'er return,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And mony mae as weel as me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up he drew in battle rank;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wat he had a bonny train!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But the first time that bullets flew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ay he lost twenty o' his men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then back he came the way he gael,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wat right soon an' suddenly!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He gave command amang his men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sent them back, and bade them flee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up came Burly, bauld an' stout,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi's little train o' westland men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wha mair than either aince or twice</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In Edinburgh confined had been.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hae been up to London sent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' yet they're a' come safely down;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sax troop o' horsemen they hae beat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And chased them into Glasgow town.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>It has been often remarked, that the Scottish, notwithstanding their
+national courage, were always unsuccessful, when fighting for their
+religion. The cause lay, not in the principle, but in the mode of its
+application. A leader like Mahomet, who is, at the same time, the
+prophet of his tribe, may avail himself of religious enthusiasm, because
+it comes to the aid of discipline, and is a powerful means of attaining
+the despotic command, essential to the success of a general. But,
+among the insurgents, in the reigns of the last Stuarts, were mingled
+preachers, who taught different shades of the presbyterian doctrine;
+and, minute as these shades sometimes were, neither the several
+shepherds, nor their flocks, could cheerfully unite in a common cause.
+This will appear from the transactions leading to the battle of Bothwell
+Bridge.</p>
+
+<p>We have seen, that the party, which defeated Claverhouse at Loudoun
+Hill, were Cameronians, whose principles consisted in disowning all
+temporal authority, which did not flow from and through the Solemn
+League and Covenant. This doctrine, which is still retained by a
+scattered remnant of the sect in Scotland, is in theory, and would be in
+practice, inconsistent with the safety of any well regulated government,
+because the Covenanters deny to their governors that toleration, which
+was iniquitously refused to themselves. In many respects, therefore, we
+cannot be surprised at the anxiety and rigour with which the Cameronians
+were persecuted, although we may be of opinion, that milder means would
+have induced a melioration of their principles. These men, as already
+noticed, excepted against such presbyterians, as were contented to
+exercise their worship under the indulgence granted by government,
+or, in other words, who would have been satisfied with toleration for
+themselves, without insisting upon a revolution in the state, or even in
+the church government.</p>
+
+<p>When, however, the success at Loudoun Hill was spread abroad, a number
+of preachers, gentlemen, and common people, who had embraced the more
+moderate doctrine, joined the army of Hamilton, thinking, that the
+difference in their opinions ought not to prevent their acting in the
+common cause. The insurgents were repulsed in an attack upon the town
+of Glasgow, which, however, Claverhouse, shortly afterwards, thought it
+necessary to evacuate. They were now nearly in full possession of the
+west of Scotland, and pitched their camp at Hamilton, where, instead of
+modelling and disciplining their army, the Cameronians and Erastians
+(for so the violent insurgents chose to call the more moderate
+presbyterians) only debated, in council of war, the real cause of their
+being in arms. Hamilton, their general, was the leader of the first
+party; Mr John Walsh, a minister, headed the Erastians. The latter so
+far prevailed, as to get a declaration drawn up, in which they owned the
+king's government; but the publication of it gave rise to new quarrels.
+Each faction had its own set of leaders, all of whom aspired to be
+officers; and there were actually two councils of war issuing contrary
+orders and declarations at the same time; the one owning the king, and
+the other designing him a malignant, bloody, and perjured tyrant.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, their numbers and zeal were magnified at Edinburgh, and great
+alarm excited lest they should march eastward. Not only was the foot
+militia instantly called out, but proclamations were issued, directing
+all the heritors, in the eastern, southern, and northern shires, to
+repair to the king's host, with their best horses, arms, and retainers.
+In Fife, and other countries, where the presbyterian doctrines
+prevailed, many gentlemen disobeyed this order, and were afterwards
+severely fined. Most of them alleged, in excuse, the apprehension of
+disquiet from their wives.<a name="FNanchor_A_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_26"><sup>[A]</sup></a> A respectable force was soon assembled;
+and James, duke of Buccleuch and Monmouth, was sent down, by Charles,
+to take the command, furnished with instructions, not unfavourable
+to presbyterians. The royal army now moved slowly forwards towards
+Hamilton, and reached Bothwell-moor on the 22d of June, 1679. The
+insurgents were encamped chiefly in the duke of Hamilton's park, along
+the Clyde, which separated the two armies. Bothwell-bridge, which is
+long and narrow, had then a portal in the middle, with gates, which the
+Covenanters shut, and barricadoed with stones and logs of timber. This
+important post was defended by three hundred of their best men, under
+Hackston of Rathillet, and Hall of Haughhead. Early in the morning, this
+party crossed the bridge, and skirmished with the royal vanguard,
+now advanced as far as the village of Bothwell. But Hackston speedily
+retired to his post, at the western end of Bothwell-bridge.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_26">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;Balcanquhall of that ilk alledged, that his horses were
+robbed, but shunned to take the declaration, for fear of disquiet from
+his wife. Young of Kirkton&mdash;his ladyes dangerous sickness, and bitter
+curses if he should leave her, and the appearance of abortion on his
+offering to go from her. And many others pled, in general terms, that
+their wives opposed or contradicted their going. But the justiciary
+court found this defence totally irrelevant.&quot;&mdash;Fountainhall's
+<i>Decisions</i>, Vol. I. p. 88.</p></div>
+
+<p>While the dispositions, made by the duke of Monmouth, announced his
+purpose of assailing the pass, the more moderate of the insurgents
+resolved to offer terms. Ferguson of Kaithloch, a gentleman of landed
+fortune, and David Hume, a clergyman, carried to the duke of Monmouth
+a supplication, demanding free exercise of their religion, a free
+parliament, and a free general assembly of the church. The duke heard
+their demands with his natural mildness, and assured them, he would
+interpose with his majesty in their behalf, on condition of their
+immediately dispersing themselves, and yielding up their arms. Had the
+insurgents been all of the moderate opinion, this proposal would have
+been accepted, much bloodshed saved, and, perhaps, some permanent
+advantage derived to their party; or, had they been all Cameronians,
+their defence would have been fierce and desperate. But, while their
+motley and misassorted officers were debating upon the duke's proposal,
+his field-pieces were already planted on the eastern side of the
+river, to cover the attack of the foot guards, who were led on by Lord
+Livingstone to force the bridge. Here Hackston maintained his post with
+zeal and courage; nor was it until all his ammunition was expended, and
+every support denied him by the general, that he reluctantly abandoned
+the important pass.<a name="FNanchor_A_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_27"><sup>[A]</sup></a> When his party were drawn back, the duke's army,
+slowly, and with their cannon in front, defiled along the bridge,
+and formed in line of battle, as they came over the river; the duke
+commanded the foot, and Claverhouse the cavalry. It would seem, that
+these movements could not have been performed without at least some
+loss, had the enemy been serious in opposing them. But the insurgents
+were otherwise employed. With the strangest delusion, that ever fell
+upon devoted beings, they chose these precious moments to cashier their
+officers, and elect others in their room. In this important operation,
+they were at length disturbed by the duke's cannon, at the very first
+discharge of which, the horse of the Covenanters wheeled, and rode off,
+breaking and trampling down the ranks of their infantry in their flight.
+The Cameronian account blames Weir of Greenridge, a commander of the
+horse, who is termed a sad Achan in the camp. The more moderate party
+lay the whole blame on Hamilton, whose conduct, they say, left the world
+to debate, whether he was most traitor, coward, or fool. The generous
+Monmouth was anxious to spare the blood of his infatuated countrymen, by
+which he incurred much blame among the high-flying royalists. Lucky it
+was for the insurgents that the battle did not happen a day later, when
+old General Dalziel, who divided with Claverhouse the terror and hatred
+of the whigs, arrived in the camp, with a commission to supersede
+Monmouth, as commander in chief. He is said to have upbraided the
+duke, publicly, with his lenity, and heartily to have wished his own
+commission had come a day sooner, when, as he expresses himself, &quot;These
+rogues should never more have troubled the king or country.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_28"><sup>[B]</sup></a> But,
+notwithstanding the merciful orders of the duke of Monmouth, the cavalry
+made great slaughter among the fugitives, of whom four hundred were
+slain. Guild thus expresses himself:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ei ni Dux validus tenuisset forte catervas,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vix quisquam profugus vitam servasset inertem:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Non audita Ducis verum mandata supremi</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Omnibus, insequitur fugientes plurima turba,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Perque agros, passim, trepida formidine captos</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Obtruncat, saevumque adigit per viscera ferrum.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>MS. Bellum Bothuellianum.</i></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_27">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> There is an accurate representation of this part of the
+engagement in an old painting, of which there are two copies extant;
+one in the collection of his grace the duke of Hamilton, the other at
+Dalkeith house. The whole appearance of the ground, even including a few
+old houses, is the same which the scene now presents: The removal of the
+porch, or gateway, upon the bridge, is the only perceptible difference.
+The duke of Monmouth, on a white charger, directs the march of the party
+engaged in storming the bridge, while his artillery gall the motley
+ranks of the Covenanters. An engraving of this painting would be
+acceptable to the curious; and I am satisfied an opportunity of copying
+it, for that purpose, would be readily granted by either of the noble
+proprietors.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_28">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Dalziel was a man of savage manners. A prisoner having
+railed at him, while under examination before the privy council, calling
+him &quot;a Muscovia beast, who used to roast men, the general, in a passion,
+struck him, with the pomel of his shabble, on the face, till the blood
+sprung.&quot;&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 159. He had sworn never to shave his
+beard after the death of Charles the First. This venerable appendage
+reached his girdle, and, as he wore always an old-fashioned buff coat,
+his appearance in London never failed to attract the notice of the
+children and of the mob. King Charles II. used to swear at him, for
+bringing such a rabble of boys together, to be squeezed to death, while
+they gaped at his long beard and antique habit, and exhorted him to
+shave and dress like a Christian, to keep the poor <i>bairns</i>, as Dalziel
+expressed it, out of danger. In compliance with this request, he once
+appeared at court fashionably dressed, excepting the beard; but, when
+the king had laughed sufficiently at the metamorphosis, he
+resumed his old dress, to the great joy of the boys, his usual
+attendants.&mdash;CREICHTON'S <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 102.</p></div>
+
+<p>The same deplorable circumstances are more elegantly bewailed in
+<i>Clyde</i>, a poem, reprinted in <i>Scotish Descriptive Poems</i>, edited by Dr
+John Leyden, Edinburgh, 1803:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where Bothwell's bridge connects the margins steep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Clyde, below, runs silent, strong, and deep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The hardy peasant, by oppression driven</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To battle, deemed his cause the cause of heaven:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Unskilled in arms, with useless courage stood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">While gentle Monmouth grieved to shed his blood:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But fierce Dundee, inflamed with deadly hate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In vengeance for the great Montrose's fate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Let loose the sword, and to the hero's shade</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A barbarous hecatomb of victims paid.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>The object of Claverhouse's revenge, assigned by Wilson, is grander,
+though more remote and less natural, than that in the ballad, which
+imputes the severity of the pursuit to his thirst to revenge the death
+of his cornet and kinsman, at Drumclog;<a name="FNanchor_A_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_29"><sup>[A]</sup></a> and to the quarrel betwixt
+Claverhouse and Monmouth, it ascribes, with great <i>naivet&eacute;</i> the bloody
+fate of the latter. Local tradition is always apt to trace foreign
+events to the domestic causes, which are more immediately in the
+narrator's view. There is said to be another song upon this battle, once
+very popular, but I have not been able to recover it. This copy is given
+from recitation.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_29">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> There is some reason to conjecture, that the revenge of the
+Cameronians, if successful, would have been little less sanguinary than
+that of the royalists. Creichton mentions, that they had erected, in
+their camp, a high pair of gallows, and prepared a quantity of halters,
+to hang such prisoners as might fall into their hands, and he admires
+the forbearance of the king's soldiers, who, when they returned with
+their prisoners, brought them to the very spot where the gallows stood,
+and guarded them there, without offering to hang a single individual.
+Guild, in the <i>Bellum Bothuellianum</i>, alludes to the same story, which
+is rendered probable by the character of Hamilton, the insurgent
+general. GUILD'S <i>MSS.</i>&mdash;CREICHTON'S <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 61.</p></div>
+
+<p>There were two Gordons of Earlstoun, father and son. They were descended
+of an ancient family in the west of Scotland, and their progenitors were
+believed to have been favourers of the reformed doctrine, and possessed
+of a translation of the Bible, as early as the days of Wickliffe.
+William Gordon, the father, was, in 1663, summoned before the privy
+council, for keeping conventicles in his house and woods. By another act
+of council, he was banished out of Scotland; but the sentence was never
+put into execution. In 1667, Earlstoun was turned out of his house,
+which was converted into a garrison for the king's soldiers. He was not
+in the battle of Bothwell Bridge, but was met, hastening towards it, by
+some English dragoons, engaged in the pursuit, already commenced. As
+he refused to surrender, he was instantly slain. WILSON'S <i>History
+of Bothwell Rising&mdash;Life of Gordon of Earlston, in Scottish
+Worthies</i>&mdash;WODROW'S <i>History,</i> Vol. II. The son, Alexander Gordon
+of Earlstoun, I suppose to be the hero of the ballad. He was not a
+Cameronian, but of the more moderate class of presbyterians, whose sole
+object was freedom of conscience, and relief from the oppressive laws
+against non-conformists. He joined the insurgents, shortly after the
+skirmish at Loudoun-hill. He appears to have been active in forwarding
+the supplication sent to the duke of Monmouth. After the battle, he
+escaped discovery, by flying into a house at Hamilton, belonging to one
+of his tenants, and disguising himself in female attire. His person
+was proscribed, and his estate of Earlstoun was bestowed upon Colonel
+Theophilus Ogilthorpe, by the crown, first in security for L.5000,
+and afterwards in perpetuity.&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL, p. 390. The same author
+mentions a person tried at the circuit court, July 10, 1683, solely for
+holding intercourse with Earlstoun, an intercommuned (proscribed) rebel.
+As he had been in Holland after the battle of Bothwell, he was probably
+accessory to the scheme of invasion, which the unfortunate earl of
+Argyle was then meditating. He was apprehended upon his return to
+Scotland, tried, convicted of treason, and condemned to die; but his
+fate was postponed by a letter from the king, appointing him to be
+reprieved for a month, that he might, in the interim, be tortured for
+the discovery of his accomplices. The council had the unusual spirit
+to remonstrate against this illegal course of severity. On November
+3, 1653, he received a farther respite, in hopes he would make some
+discovery. When brought to the bar, to be tortured (for the king had
+reiterated his commands), he, through fear or distraction, roared like a
+bull, and laid so stoutly about him, that the hangman and his assistant
+could hardly master him. At last he fell into a swoon, and, on his
+recovery, charged General Dalziel and Drummond (violent tories),
+together with the duke of Hamilton, with being the leaders of the
+fanatics. It was generally thought, that he affected this extravagant
+behaviour, to invalidate all that agony might extort from him concerning
+his real accomplices. He was sent, first, to Edinburgh castle, and,
+afterwards, to a prison upon the Bass island; although the privy council
+more than once deliberated upon appointing his immediate death. On 22d
+August, 1684, Earlstoun was sent for from the Bass, and ordered for
+execution, 4th November, 1684. He endeavoured to prevent his doom by
+escape; but was discovered and taken, after he had gained the roof of
+the prison. The council deliberated, whether, in consideration of this
+attempt, he was not liable to instant execution. Finally, however, they
+were satisfied to imprison him in Blackness castle, where he remained
+till after the Revolution, when he was set at liberty, and his doom of
+forfeiture reversed by act of parliament.&mdash;See FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. pp.
+238, 240, 245, 250, 301, 302.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O Billie, billie, bonny billie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Will ye go to the wood wi' me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll ca' our horse hame masterless,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' gar them trow slain men are we.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O no, O no!&quot; says Earlstoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For that's the thing that mauna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I am sworn to Bothwell Hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Where I maun either gae or die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So Earlstoun rose in the morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' mounted by the break o' day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he has joined our Scottish lads,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As they were marching out the way.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, farewell father, and farewell mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' fare ye weel my sisters three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' fare ye weel my Earlstoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For thee again I'll never see!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So they're awa' to Bothwell Hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An waly<a name="FNanchor_A_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_30"><sup>[A]</sup></a> they rode bonnily!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the duke o' Monmouth saw them comin',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He went to view their company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're welcome, lads,&quot; then Monmouth said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye're welcome, brave Scots lads, to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And sae are ye, brave Earlstoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The foremost o' your company!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But yield your weapons ane an' a';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O yield your weapons, lads, to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, gin ye'll yield your weapons up,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye'se a' gae hame to your country.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out up then spak a Lennox lad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And waly but he spak bonnily!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I winna yield my weapons up,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To you nor nae man that I see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he set up the flag o' red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A' set about wi' bonny blue;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since ye'll no cease, and be at peace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;See that ye stand by ither true.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They stell'd<a name="FNanchor_B_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_31"><sup>[B]</sup></a> their cannons on the height,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And showr'd their shot down in the how;<a name="FNanchor_C_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_32"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' beat our Scots lads even down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Thick they lay slain on every know.<a name="FNanchor_D_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_33"><sup>[D]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As e'er you saw the rain down fa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or yet the arrow frae the bow,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sae our Scottish lads fell even down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' they lay slain on every know.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, hold your hand,&quot; then Monmouth cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gie quarters to yon men for me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But wicked Claver'se swore an oath,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His cornet's death reveng'd sud be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hold your hand,&quot; then Monmouth cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;If ony thing you'll do for me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hold up your hand, you cursed Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Else a rebel to our king ye'll be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then wicked Claver'se turn'd about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wot an angry man was he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has lifted up his hat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And cry'd, &quot;God bless his majesty!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he's awa to London town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ay e'en as fast as he can dree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fause witnesses he has wi' him ta'en.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' ta'en Monmouth's head f'rae his body.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alang the brae, beyond the brig,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Mony brave man lies cauld and still;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But lang we'll mind, and sair we'll rue,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The bloody battle of Bothwell Hill.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_30">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Waly!</i> an interjection.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_31">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Stell'd</i>&mdash;Planted.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_32">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>How</i>&mdash;Hollow.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_33">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Know</i>&mdash;Knoll.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Then he set up the flag of red,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>A' set about wi' bonnie blue.</i>&mdash;P. 91. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Blue was the favourite colour of the Covenanters; hence the vulgar
+phrase of a true blue whig. Spalding informs us, that when the first
+army of Covenanters entered Aberdeen, few or none &quot;wanted a blue
+ribband; the lord Gordon, and some others of the marquis (of Huntley's)
+family had a ribband, when they were dwelling in the town, of a red
+fresh colour, which they wore in their hats, and called it the <i>royal
+ribband</i>, as a sign of their love and loyalty to the king. In despite
+and derision thereof, this blue ribband was worn, and called the
+<i>Covenanter's ribband</i>, by the hail soldiers of the army, who would not
+hear of the royal ribband, such was their pride and malice.&quot;&mdash;Vol. I. p.
+123. After the departure of this first army, the town was occupied by
+the barons of the royal party, till they were once more expelled by the
+Covenanters, who plundered the burgh and country adjacent; &quot;no fowl,
+cock, or hen, left unkilled, the hail house-dogs, messens (i.e.
+lap-dogs), and whelps, within Aberdeen, killed upon the streets; so that
+neither hound, messen, nor other dog, was left alive that they could
+see: the reason was this,&mdash;when the first army came here, ilk captain
+and soldier had a blue ribband about his craig (i.e. neck); in despite
+and derision whereof, when they removed from Aberdeen, some women of
+Aberdeen, as was alleged, knit blue ribbands about their messens'
+craigs, whereat their soldiers took offence, and killed all their dogs
+for this very cause.&quot;&mdash;P. 160.</p>
+
+<p>I have seen one of the ancient banners of the Covenanters: it
+was divided into four copartments, inscribed with the words,
+<i>Christ&mdash;Covenant&mdash;King&mdash;Kingdom</i>. Similar standards are mentioned in
+Spalding's curious and minute narrative, Vol. II. pp. 182, 245.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Hold up your hand, ye cursed Graeme,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Else a rebel to our king ye'll be.</i>&mdash;P, 91. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>It is very extraordinary, that, in April, 1685, Claverhouse was left out
+of the new commission of privy council, as being too favourable to the
+fanatics. The pretence was his having married into the presbyterian
+family of lord Dundonald. An act of council was also past, regulating
+the payment of quarters, which is stated by Fountainhall to have been
+done in <i>odium</i> of Claverhouse, and in order to excite complaints
+against him. This charge, so inconsistent with the nature and conduct of
+Claverhouse, seems to have been the fruit of a quarrel betwixt him and
+the lord high treasurer. FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 360.</p>
+
+<p>That Claverhouse was most unworthily accused of mitigating the
+persecution of the Covenanters, will appear from the following simple,
+but very affecting narrative, extracted from one of the little
+publications which appeared soon after the Revolution, while the
+facts were fresh in the memory of the sufferers. The imitation of the
+scriptural stile produces, in some passages of these works, an effect
+not unlike what we feel in reading the beautiful book of Ruth. It is
+taken from the life of Mr Alexander Peden,<a name="FNanchor_A_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_34"><sup>[A]</sup></a> printed about 1720.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In the beginning of May, 1685, he came to the house of John Brown and
+Marion Weir, whom he married before he went to Ireland, where he stayed
+all night; and, in the morning when he took farewell, he came out of the
+door, saying to himself, &quot;Poor woman, a fearful morning,&quot; twice over. &quot;A
+dark misty morning!&quot; The next morning, between five and six hours, the
+said John Brown having performed the worship of God in his family, was
+going, with a spade in his hand, to make ready some peat ground: the
+mist being very dark, he knew not until cruel and bloody Claverhouse
+compassed him with three troops of horse, brought him to his house, and
+there examined him; who, though he was a man of a stammering speech, yet
+answered him distinctly and solidly; which made Claverhouse to examine
+those whom he had taken to be his guides through the muirs, if ever they
+heard him preach? They answered, &quot;No, no, he was never a preacher.&quot; He
+said, &quot;If he has never preached, meikle he has prayed in his time;&quot; he
+said to John, &quot;Go to your prayers, for you shall immediately die!&quot; When
+he was praying, Claverhouse interrupted him three times; one time, that
+he stopt him, he was pleading that the Lord would spare a remnant, and
+not make a full end in the day of his anger. Claverhouse said, &quot;I gave
+you time to pray, and ye are begun to preach;&quot; he turned about upon
+his knees, and said, &quot;Sir, you know neither the nature of preaching or
+praying, that calls this preaching.&quot; Then continued without confusion.
+When ended, Claverhouse said, &quot;Take goodnight of your wife and
+children.&quot; His wife, standing by with her child in her arms that she had
+brought forth to him, and another child of his first wife's, he came
+to her, and said, &quot;Now, Marion, the day is come, that I told you would
+come, when I spake first to you of marrying me.&quot; She said, &quot;Indeed,
+John, I can willingly part with you.&quot;&mdash;&quot;Then,&quot; he said, &quot;this is all I
+desire, I have no more to do but die.&quot; He kissed his wife and bairns,
+and wished purchased and promised blessings to be multiplied upon them,
+and his blessing. Clavers ordered six soldiers to shoot him; the most
+part of the bullets came upon his head, which scattered his brains upon
+the ground. Claverhouse said to his wife, &quot;What thinkest thou of thy
+husband now, woman?&quot; She said, &quot;I thought ever much of him, and now as
+much as ever.&quot; He said, &quot;It were justice to lay thee beside him.&quot; She
+said, &quot;If ye were permitted, I doubt not but your cruelty would go that
+length; but how will ye make answer for this morning's work?&quot; He said,
+&quot;To man I can be answerable; and for God, I will take him in my own
+hand.&quot; Claverhouse mounted his horse, and marched, and left her with the
+corpse of her dead husband lying there; she set the bairn on the ground,
+and gathered his brains, and tied up his head, and straighted his body,
+and covered him in her plaid, and sat down, and wept over him. It being
+a very desart place, where never victual grew, and far from neighbours,
+it was some time before any friends came to her; the first that came was
+a very fit hand, that old singular Christian woman, in the Cummerhead,
+named Elizabeth Menzies, three miles distant, who had been tried with
+the violent death of her husband at Pentland, afterwards of two worthy
+sons, Thomas Weir, who was killed at Drumclog, and David Steel, who was
+suddenly shot afterwards when taken. The said Marion Weir, sitting upon
+her husband's grave, told me, that before that, she could see no blood
+but she was in danger to faint; and yet she was helped to be a witness
+to all this, without either fainting or confusion, except when the shots
+were let off her eyes dazzled. His corpse were buried at the end of his
+house, where he was slain, with this inscription on his grave-stone:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In earth's cold bed, the dusty part here lies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of one who did the earth as dust despise!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Here, in this place, from earth he took departure;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, he has got the garland of the martyrs.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_34">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The enthusiasm of this personage, and of his followers,
+invested him, as has been already noticed, with prophetic powers; but
+hardly any of the stories told of him exceeds that sort of gloomy
+conjecture of misfortune, which the precarious situation of his sect
+so greatly fostered. The following passage relates to the battle
+of Bothwell-bridge:&mdash;&quot;That dismal day, 22d of June, 1679, at
+Bothwell-bridge, when the Lord's people fell and fled before the enemy,
+he was forty miles distant, near the border, and kept himself retired
+until the middle of the day, when some friends said to him, 'Sir, the
+people are waiting for sermon,' He answered, 'Let them go to their
+prayers; for me, I neither can nor will preach any this day, for our
+friends are fallen and fled before the enemy, at Hamilton, and they are
+hacking and hewing them down, and their blood is running like water.&quot;
+The feats of Peden are thus commemorated by Fountainhall, 27th of March,
+1650: &quot;News came to the privy council, that about one hundred men, well
+armed and appointed, had left Ireland, because of a search there for
+such malcontents, and landed in the west of Scotland, and joined with
+the wild fanatics. The council, finding that they disappointed the
+forces, by skulking from hole to hole, were of opinion, it were better
+to let them gather into a body, and draw to a head, and so they would
+get them altogether in a snare. They had one Mr Peden, a minister, with
+them, and one Isaac, who commanded them. They had frighted most part
+of all the country ministers, so that they durst not stay at their
+churches, but retired to Edinburgh, or to garrison towns; and it was sad
+to see whole shires destitute of preaching, except in burghs. Wherever
+they came they plundered arms, and particularly at my Lord Dumfries's
+house.&quot;&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 359.</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;This murder was committed betwixt six and seven in the morning: Mr
+Peden was about ten or eleven miles distant, having been in the fields
+all night: he came to the house betwixt seven and eight, and desired to
+call in the family, that he might pray amongst them; when praying, he
+said, &quot;Lord, when wilt thou avenge Brown's blood? Oh, let Brown's blood
+be precious in thy sight! and hasten the day when thou wilt avenge it,
+with Cameron's, Cargil's, and many others of our martyrs' names; and oh!
+for that day, when the Lord would avenge all their bloods!&quot; When ended,
+John Muirhead enquired what he meant by Brown's blood? He said twice
+over, &quot;What do I mean? Claverhouse has been at the Preshil this morning,
+and has cruelly murdered John Brown; his corpse are lying at the end of
+his house, and his poor wife sitting weeping by his corpse, and not a
+soul to speak a word comfortably to her.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>While we read this dismal story, we must remember Brown's situation
+was that of an avowed and determined rebel, liable as such to military
+execution; so that the atrocity was more that of the times than of
+Claverhouse. That general's gallant adherence to his master, the
+misguided James VII., and his glorious death on the field of victory, at
+Killicrankie, have tended to preserve and gild his memory. He is still
+remembered in the Highlands as the most successful leader of their
+clans. An ancient gentleman, who had borne arms for the cause of Stuart,
+in 1715, told the editor, that, when the armies met on the field of
+battle, at Sheriff-muir, a veteran chief (I think he named Gordon
+of Glenbucket), covered with scars, came up to the earl of Mar, and
+earnestly pressed him to order the Highlanders to charge, before the
+regular army of Argyle had completely formed their line, and at a moment
+when the rapid and furious onset of the clans might have thrown them
+into total disorder. Mar repeatedly answered, it was not yet time; till
+the chieftain turned from him in disdain and despair, and, stamping with
+rage, exclaimed aloud, &quot;O for one hour of Dundee!&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Claverhouse's sword (a strait cut-and-thrust blade) is in the possession
+of Lord Woodhouselee. In Pennycuik-house is preserved the buff-coat,
+which he wore at the battle of Killicrankie. The fatal shot-hole is
+under the arm-pit, so that the ball must have been received while his
+arm was raised to direct the pursuit However he came by his charm of
+<i>proof</i>, he certainly had not worn the garment usually supposed to
+confer that privelage, and which is called <i>the waistcoat of proof, or
+of necessity</i>. It was thus made: &quot;On Christmas daie, at night, a thread
+must be sponne of flax, by a little virgine girle, in the name of the
+divell: and it must be by her woven, and also wrought with the needle.
+In the breast, or forepart thereof, must be made with needle work, two
+heads; on the head, at the right side, must be a hat and a long beard;
+the left head must have on a crown, and it must be so horrible that it
+maie resemble Belzebub; and on each side of the wastcote must be made a
+crosse.&quot;&mdash;SCOTT'S <i>Discoverie of Witchcraft,</i> p. 231.</p>
+
+<p>It would be now no difficult matter to bring down our popular poetry,
+connected with history, to the year 1745. But almost all the party
+ballads of that period have been already printed, and ably illustrated
+by Mr Ritson.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>END OF HISTORICAL BALLADS.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;">
+<a name="MINSTRELSY_OF_THE_SCOTTISH_BORDER"></a><h2>MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH BORDER.</h2>
+<br>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i><a name="b">ROMANTIC BALLADS.</a></i></p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE,</p>
+
+<p>BY J. LEYDEN.</p>
+
+<p>TO IANTHE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Again, sweet syren, breathe again</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That deep, pathetic, powerful strain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whose melting tones, of tender woe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fall soft as evening's summer dew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That bathes the pinks and harebells blue,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Which in the vales of Tiviot blow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such was the song that soothed to rest.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Far in the green isle of the west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The Celtic warrior's parted shade;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such are the lonely sounds that sweep</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O'er the blue bosom of the deep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Where ship-wrecked mariners are laid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ah! sure, as Hind&uacute; legends tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When music's tones the bosom swell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The scenes of former life return;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere, sunk beneath the morning star,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We left our parent climes afar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Immured in mortal forms to mourn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or if, as ancient sages ween,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Departed spirits, half-unseen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Can mingle with the mortal throng;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Tis when from heart to heart we roll</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The deep-toned music of the soul,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That warbles in our Scottish song.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I hear, I hear, with awful dread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The plaintive music of the dead;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They leave the amber fields of day:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Soft as the cadence of the wave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That murmurs round the mermaid's grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They mingle in the magic lay.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet syren, breathe the powerful strain!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Lochroyan's Damsel</i><a name="FNanchor_A_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_35"><sup>[A]</sup></a> sails the main;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The chrystal tower enchanted see!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now break,&quot; she cries, &quot;ye fairy charms!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As round she sails with fond alarms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Now break, and set my true love free!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord Barnard is to greenwood gone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where fair <i>Gil Morrice</i> sits alone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And careless combs his yellow hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ah! mourn the youth, untimely slain!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The meanest of Lord Barnard's train</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The hunter's mangled head must bear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or, change these notes of deep despair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For love's more soothing tender air:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sing, how, beneath the greenwood tree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Brown Adam's</i><a name="FNanchor_B_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_36"><sup>[B]</sup></a> love maintained her truth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor would resign the exiled youth</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For any knight the fair could see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sing <i>the Hawk of pinion gray</i>,<a name="FNanchor_C_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_37"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To southern climes who winged his way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For he could speak as well as fly;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her brethren how the fair beguiled,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on her Scottish lover smiled,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As slow she raised her languid eye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair was her cheek's carnation glow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like red blood on a wreath of snow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Like evening's dewy star her eye:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">White as the sea-mew's downy breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Borne on the surge's foamy crest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her graceful bosom heaved the sigh.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In youth's first morn, alert and gay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere rolling years had passed away,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Remembered like a morning dream,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I heard these dulcet measures float,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In many a liquid winding note,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Along the banks of Teviot's stream.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet sounds! that oft have soothed to rest</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sorrows of my guileless breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And charmed away mine infant tears:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fond memory shall your strains repeat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like distant echoes, doubly sweet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That in the wild the traveller hears.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thus, the exiled Scotian maid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By fond alluring love betrayed</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To visit Syria's date-crowned shore;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In plaintive strains, that soothed despair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Did &quot;Bothwell's banks that bloom so fair,&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And scenes of early youth, deplore.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Soft syren! whose enchanting strain</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Floats wildly round my raptured brain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I bid your pleasing haunts adieu!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet, fabling fancy oft shall lead</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My footsteps to the silver Tweed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Through scenes that I no more must view.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_35">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>The Lass of Lochroyan</i>&mdash;In this volume.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_36">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> See the ballad, entitled, <i>Brown Adam.</i></p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_37">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> See the <i>Gay Goss Hawk.</i></p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Far in the green isle of the west.</i>&mdash;P. 103. v. 2.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The <i>Flathinnis</i>, or Celtic paradise.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Ah! sure, as Hind&uacute; legends tell.</i>&mdash;P. 104. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>The effect of music is explained by the Hind&uacute;s, as recalling to our
+memory the airs of paradise, heard in a state of pre-existence&mdash;<i>Vide</i>
+Sacontala.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Did &quot;Bathwell's banks that bloom so fair.&quot;</i>&mdash;P. 106. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>&quot;So fell it out of late years, that an English gentleman, travelling in
+Palestine, not far from Jerusalem, as he passed through a country town,
+he heard, by chance, a woman sitting at her door, dandling her child, to
+sing, <i>Bothwel bank thou blumest fair</i>. The gentleman hereat wondered,
+and forthwith, in English, saluted the woman, who joyfully answered him;
+and said, she was right glad there to see a gentleman of our isle: and
+told him, that she was a Scottish woman, and came first from Scotland to
+Venice, and from Venice thither, where her fortune was to be the wife of
+an officer under the Turk; who being at that instant absent, and very
+soon to return, she entreated the gentleman to stay there until his
+return. The which he did; and she, for country sake, to shew herself the
+more kind and bountiful unto him, told her husband, at his home-coming,
+that the gentleman was her kinsman; whereupon her husband entertained
+him very kindly; and, at his departure gave him divers things of good
+value.&quot;&mdash;<i>Verstigan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence.</i> Chap. <i>Of
+the Sirnames of our Antient Families.</i> Antwerp, 1605.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>INTRODUCTION TO THE TALE OF TAMLANE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>ON THE FAIRIES OF POPULAR SUPERSTITION.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;Of airy elves, by moon-light shadows seen,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The silver token, and the circled green.</i>&mdash;POPE.</span><br>
+
+<p>In a work, avowedly dedicated to the preservation of the poetry and
+tradition of the &quot;olden time,&quot; it would be unpardonable to omit this
+opportunity of making some observations upon so interesting an article
+of the popular creed, as that concerning the Elves, or Fairies. The
+general idea of spirits, of a limited power, and subordinate nature,
+dwelling among the woods and mountains, is, perhaps common to all
+nations. But the intermixture of tribes, of languages, and religion,
+which has occurred in Europe, renders it difficult to trace the origin
+of the names which have been bestowed upon such spirits, and the primary
+ideas which were entertained concerning their manners and habits.</p>
+
+<p>The word <i>elf</i>, which seems to have been the original name of the
+beings, afterwards denominated fairies, is of Gothic origin, and
+probably signified, simply, a spirit of a lower order. Thus, the Saxons
+had not only <i>dun-elfen, berg-elfen</i>,and <i>munt-elfen</i>, spirits of
+the downs, hills, and mountains; but also <i>feld-elfen, wudu-elfen,
+sae-elfen</i>, and <i>water-elfen</i>; spirits of the fields, of the woods,
+of the sea, and of the waters. In low German, the same latitude of
+expression occurs; for night hags are termed <i>aluinnen</i>, and <i>aluen</i>,
+which is sometimes Latinized <i>eluoe</i>. But the prototype of the English
+elf, is to be sought chiefly in the <i>berg-elfen</i>, or <i>duergar</i>, of the
+Scandinavians. From the most early of the Icelandic Sagas, as well as
+from the Edda itself, we learn the belief of the northern nations in
+a race of dwarfish spirits, inhabiting the rocky mountains, and
+approaching, in some respects, to the human nature. Their attributes,
+amongst which we recognize the features of the modern Fairy, were,
+supernatural wisdom and prescience, and skill in the mechanical arts,
+especially in the fabrication of arms. They are farther described, as
+capricious, vindictive, and easily irritated. The story of the elfin
+sword, <i>Tyrfing</i>, may be the most pleasing illustration of this
+position. Suafurlami, a Scandinavian monarch, returning from hunting,
+bewildered himself among the mountains. About sun-set, he beheld a large
+rock, and two dwarfs, sitting before the mouth of a cavern. The king
+drew his sword, and intercepted their retreat, by springing betwixt
+them and their recess, and imposed upon them the following condition of
+safety:&mdash;that they should make for him a faulchion, with a baldric and
+scabbard of pure gold, and a blade, which should divide stones and iron
+as a garment, and which should render the wielder ever victorious in
+battle. The elves complied with the requisition, and Suafurlami pursued
+his way home. Returning at the time appointed, the dwarfs delivered to
+him the famous sword <i>Tyrfing</i>; then, standing in the entrance of their
+cavern, spoke thus: &quot;This sword, O king, shall &quot;destroy a man every time
+it is brandished; but it shall &quot;perform three atrocious deeds, and it
+shall be thy bane.&quot; The king rushed forward with the charmed sword, and
+buried both its edges in the rock; but the dwarfs escaped into their
+recesses.<a name="FNanchor_A_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_38"><sup>[A]</sup></a> This enchanted sword emitted rays like the sun, dazzling
+all against whom it was brandished; it divided steel like water, and was
+never unsheathed without slaying a man&mdash;<i>Hervarar Saga,</i> p. 9. Similar
+to this was the enchanted sword, <i>Skoffhung</i>, which was taken by a
+pirate out of the tomb of a Norwegian monarch. Many such tales are
+narrated in the Sagas; but the most distinct account of the <i>-duergar</i>,
+or elves, and their attributes, is to be found in a preface of Torfaeus
+to the history of Hrolf Kraka, who cites a dissertation by Einar
+Gudmund, a learned native of Iceland. &quot;I am firmly of opinion,&quot; says the
+Icelander, &quot;that these beings are creatures of God, consisting, like
+human beings, of a body and rational soul; that they are of different
+sexes, and capable of producing children, and subject to all human
+affections, as sleeping and waking, laughing and crying, poverty and
+wealth; and that they possess cattle, and other effects, and are
+obnoxious to death, like other mortals.&quot; He proceeds to state, that the
+females of this race are capable of procreating with mankind; and gives
+an account of one who bore a child to an inhabitant of Iceland, for whom
+she claimed the privilege of baptism; depositing the infant, for that
+purpose, at the gate of the church-yard, together with a goblet of gold,
+as an offering.&mdash;<i>Historia Hrolfi Krakae, a</i> TORFAEO.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_38">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Perhaps in this, and similar tales, we may recognize
+something of real history. That the Fins, or ancient natives of
+Scandinavia, were driven into the mountains, by the invasion of Odin and
+his Asiatics, is sufficiently probable; and there is reason to believe,
+that the aboriginal inhabitants understood, better than the intruders,
+how to manufacture the produce of their own mines. It is therefore
+possible, that, in process of time, the oppressed Fins may have been
+transformed into the supernatural <i>duergar</i>. A similar transformation
+has taken place among the vulgar in Scotland, regarding the Picts, or
+Pechs, to whom they ascribe various supernatural attributes.</p></div>
+
+<p>Similar to the traditions of the Icelanders, are those current among the
+Laplanders of Finland, concerning a subterranean people, gifted with'
+supernatural qualities, and inhabiting the recesses of the earth.
+Resembling men in their general appearance, the manner of their
+existence, and their habits of life, they far excel the miserable
+Laplanders in perfection of nature, felicity of situation, and skill in
+mechanical arts. From all these advantages, however, after the partial
+conversion of the Laplanders, the subterranean people have derived no
+farther credit, than to be confounded with the devils and magicians of
+the dark ages of Christianity; a degradation which, as will shortly be
+demonstrated, has been also suffered by the harmless Fairies of Albion,
+and indeed by the whole host of deities of learned Greece and mighty
+Rome. The ancient opinions are yet so firmly rooted, that the Laps of
+Finland, at this day, boast of an intercourse with these beings, in
+banquets, dances, and magical ceremonies, and even in the more intimate
+commerce of gallantry. They talk, with triumph, of the feasts which
+they have shared in the elfin caverns, where wine and tobacco, the
+productions of the Fairy region, went round in abundance, and whence
+the mortal guest, after receiving the kindest treatment and the most
+salutary counsel, has been conducted to his tent by an escort of his
+supernatural entertainers.&mdash;<i>Jessens, de Lapponibus.</i></p>
+
+<p>The superstitions of the islands of Feroe, concerning their
+<i>Froddenskemen</i>, or under-ground people, are derived from the <i>duergar</i>
+of Scandinavia. These beings are supposed to inhabit the interior
+recesses of mountains, which they enter by invisible passages. Like the
+Fairies, they are supposed to steal human beings. &quot;It happened,&quot; says
+Debes, p. 354, &quot;a good while since, when the burghers of Bergen had
+the commerce of Feroe, that there was a man in Servaade, called Jonas
+Soideman, who was kept by spirits in a mountain, during the space of
+seven years, and at length came out; but lived afterwards in great
+distress and fear, lest they should again take him away; wherefore
+people were obliged to watch him in the night.&quot; The same author mentions
+another young man, who had been carried away, and, after his return, was
+removed a second time upon the eve of his marriage. He returned in a
+short time, and narrated, that the spirit that had carried him away, was
+in the shape of a most beautiful woman, who pressed him to forsake his
+bride, and remain with her; urging her own superior beauty, and splendid
+appearance. He added, that he saw the men who were employed to search
+for him, and heard them call; but that they could not see him, nor could
+he answer them, till, upon his determined refusal to listen to the
+spirit's persuasions, the spell ceased to operate. The kidney-shaped
+West Indian bean, which is sometimes driven upon the shore of the
+Feroes, is termed, by the natives &quot;the <i>Fairie's kidney</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>In these traditions of the Gothic and Finnish tribes, we may recognize,
+with certainty, the rudiments of elfin superstition; but we must look to
+various other causes for the modifications which it has undergone. These
+are to be sought, 1st, in the traditions of the east; 2d, in the wreck
+and confusion of the Gothic mythology; 3d, in the tales of chivalry;
+4th, in the fables of classical antiquity; 5th, in the influence of the
+Christian religion; 6th, and finally, in the creative imagination of
+the sixteenth century. It may be proper to notice the effect of these
+various causes, before stating the popular belief of our own time,
+regarding the Fairies.</p>
+
+<p>I. To the traditions of the east, the Fairies of Britain owe, I think,
+little more than the appellation, by which they have been distinguished
+since the days of the crusade. The term &quot;Fairy,&quot; occurs not only
+in Chaucer, and in yet older English authors, but also, and more
+frequently, in the romance language; from which they seem to have
+adopted it. Ducange cites the following passage from Gul. Guiart, in
+<i>Historia Francica</i>, MS.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Plusiers parlent de Guenart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Du Lou, de L'Asne, de Renart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">De <i>Fa&euml;ries</i> et de Songes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">De phantosmes et de mensonges.</span><br>
+
+<p>The <i>Lay le Frain</i>,enumerating the subjects of the Breton Lays, informs
+us expressly,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Many ther beth <i>fa&euml;ry</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>By some etymologists of that learned class, who not only know whence
+words come, but also whither they are going, the term <i>Fairy</i>, or
+<i>Fa&euml;rie</i>, is derived from <i>Fa&euml;</i>, which is again derived from <i>Nympha</i>.
+It is more probable the term is of oriental origin, and is derived from
+the Persic, through the medium of the Arabic. In Persic, the term <i>Peri</i>
+expresses a species of imaginary being, which resembles the Fairy in
+some of its qualities, and is one of the fairest creatures of romantic
+fancy. This superstition must have been known to the Arabs, among whom
+the Persian tales, or romances, even as early as the time of Mahomet,
+were so popular, that it required the most terrible denunciations of
+that legislator to proscribe them. Now, in the enunciation of the Arabs,
+the term <i>Peri</i> would sound <i>Fairy</i>, the letter <i>p</i> not occurring in
+the alphabet of that nation; and, as the chief intercourse of the early
+crusaders was with the Arabs, or Saracens, it is probable they would
+adopt the term according to their pronounciation. Neither will it be
+considered as an objection to this opinion, that in Hesychius, the
+Ionian term <i>Phereas</i>, or <i>Pheres</i>, denotes the satyrs of classical
+antiquity, if the number of words of oriental origin in that
+lexicographer be recollected. Of the Persian Peris, Ouseley, in his
+<i>Persian Miscellanies</i>, has described some characteristic traits, with
+all the luxuriance of a fancy, impregnated with the oriental association
+of ideas. However vaguely their nature and appearance is described, they
+are uniformly represented as gentle, amiable females, to whose character
+beneficence and beauty are essential. None of them are mischievous or
+malignant; none of them are deformed or diminutive, like the Gothic
+fairy. Though they correspond in beauty with our ideas of angels, their
+employments are dissimilar; and, as they have no place in heaven, their
+abode is different. Neither do they resemble those intelligences, whom,
+on account of their wisdom, the Platonists denominated Daemons; nor
+do they correspond either to the guardian Genii of the Romans, or the
+celestial virgins of paradise, whom the Arabs denominate Houri. But the
+Peris hover in the balmy clouds, live in the colours of the rainbow,
+and, as the exquisite purity of their nature rejects all nourishment
+grosser than the odours of flowers, they subsist by inhaling the
+fragrance of the jessamine and rose. Though their existence is not
+commensurate with the bounds of human life, they are not exempted from
+the common fate of mortals.&mdash;With the Peris, in Persian mythology, are
+contrasted the Dives, a race of beings, who differ from them in sex,
+appearance, and disposition. These are represented as of the male sex,
+cruel, wicked, and of the most hideous aspect; or, as they are described
+by Mr Finch, &quot;with ugly shapes, long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair,
+great fangs, ugly paws, long tails, with such horrible difformity and
+deformity, that I wonder the poor women are not frightened therewith.&quot;
+Though they live very long, their lives are limited, and they are
+obnoxious to the blows of a human foe. From the malignancy of their
+nature, they not only wage war with mankind, but persecute the Peris
+with unremitting ferocity. Such are the brilliant and fanciful colours
+in which the imaginations of the Persian poets have depicted the
+charming race of the Peris; and, if we consider the romantic gallantry
+of the knights of chivalry, and of the crusaders, it will not appear
+improbable, that their charms might occasionally fascinate the fervid
+imagination of an amorous troubadour. But, further; the intercourse of
+France and Italy with the Moors of Spain, and the prevalence of the
+Arabic, as the language of science in the dark ages, facilitated the
+introduction of their mythology amongst the nations of the west. Hence,
+the romances of France, of Spain, and of Italy, unite in describing the
+Fairy as an inferior spirit, in a beautiful female form, possessing many
+of the amiable qualities of the eastern Peri. Nay, it seems sufficiently
+clear, that the romancers borrowed from the Arabs, not merely the
+general idea concerning those spirits, but even the names of individuals
+amongst them. The Peri, <i>Mergian Banou</i> (see <i>Herbelot, ap. Peri</i>),
+celebrated in the ancient Persian poetry, figures in the European
+romances, under the various names of <i>Mourgue La Faye</i>, sister to <i>King
+Arthur; Urgande La Deconnue</i>, protectress of <i>Amadis de Gaul</i>; and the
+<i>Fata Morgana</i> of Boiardo and Ariosto. The description of these nymphs,
+by the troubadours and minstrels, is in no respect inferior to those of
+the Peris. In the tale of <i>Sir Launfal</i>, in Way's <i>Fabliaux</i>, as well as
+in that of <i>Sir Gruelan</i>, in the same interesting collection, the reader
+will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the
+splendour of eastern description. The fairy <i>Melusina</i>, also, who
+married Guy de Lusignan, count of Poictou, under condition that he
+should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter
+class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a
+magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted,
+until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by
+concealing himself, to behold his wife make use of her enchanted
+bath. Hardly had <i>Melusina</i> discovered the indiscreet intruder, than,
+transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of
+lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even
+in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her
+descendants, and was heard wailing, as she sailed upon the blast
+round the turrets of the castle of Lusiguan, the night before it was
+demolished. For the full story, the reader may consult the <i>Bibliotheque
+des Romans</i>.<a name="FNanchor_A_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_39"><sup>[A]</sup></a>&mdash;Gervase of Tilbury (pp. 895, and 989), assures us,
+that, in his days, the lovers of the Fadae, or Fairies, were numerous;
+and describes the rules of their intercourse with as much accuracy, as
+if he had himself been engaged in such an affair. Sir David Lindsay also
+informs us, that a leopard is the proper armorial bearing of those
+who spring from such intercourse, because that beast is generated by
+adultery of the pard and lioness. He adds, that Merlin, the prophet, was
+the first who adopted this cognizance, because he was &quot;borne of faarie
+in adultre, and right sua the first duk of Guyenne, was borne of a
+<i>fee</i>; and, therefoir, the armes of Guyenne are a leopard.&quot;&mdash;<i>MS. on
+Heraldry, Advocates' Library,</i> w. 4. 13. While, however, the Fairy of
+warmer climes was thus held up as an object of desire and of affection,
+those of Britain, and more especially those of Scotland, were far
+from being so fortunate; but, retaining the unamiable qualities, and
+diminutive size of the Gothic elves, they only exchanged that term for
+the more popular appellation of Fairies.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_39">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Upon this, or some similar tradition, was founded the
+notion, which the inveteracy of national prejudice, so easily diffused
+in Scotland, that the ancestor of the English monarchs, Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, had actually married a daemon. Bowmaker, in order to
+explain the cruelty and ambition of Edward I., dedicates a chapter to
+shew &quot;how the kings of England are descended from the devil, by the
+mother's side.&quot;&mdash;<i>Fordun, Chron.</i> lib. 9, cap. 6. The lord of a certain
+castle, called Espervel, was unfortunate enough to have a wife of the
+same class. Having observed, for several years, that she always left the
+chapel before the mass was concluded, the baron, in a fit of obstinacy
+or curiosity, ordered his guard to detain her by force; of which the
+consequence was, that, unable to support the elevation of the host, she
+retreated through the air, carrying with her one side of the chapel, and
+several of the congregation.</p></div>
+
+<p>II. Indeed, so singularly unlucky were the British Fairies that, as has
+already been hinted, amid the wreck of the Gothic mythology, consequent
+upon the introduction of Christianity, they seem to have preserved, with
+difficulty, their own distinct characteristics, while, at the same time,
+they engrossed the mischievous attributes of several other classes of
+subordinate spirits, acknowledged by the nations of the north. The
+abstraction of children, for example, the well known practice of the
+modern Fairy, seems, by the ancient Gothic nations, to have rather been
+ascribed to a species of night-mare, or hag, than to the <i>berg-elfen</i>,
+or <i>duergar</i>. In the ancient legend of <i>St Margaret</i>, of which there is
+a Saxo-Norman copy, in <i>Hickes' Thesaurus Linguar. Septen.</i> and one,
+more modern, in the Auchinleck MSS., that lady encounters a fiend, whose
+profession it was, among other malicious tricks, to injure new-born
+children and their mothers; a practice afterwards imputed to the
+Fairies. Gervase of Tilbury, in the <i>Otia Imperialia</i>, mentions certain
+hags, or <i>Lamiae</i>, who entered into houses in the night-time, to oppress
+the inhabitants, while asleep, injure their persons and property, and
+carry off their children. He likewise mentions the <i>Dracae</i>, a sort of
+water spirits, who inveigle women and children into the recesses which
+they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating past them, on the
+surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings, or cups. The women,
+thus seized, are employed as nurses, and, after seven years, are
+permitted to revisit earth. Gervase mentions one woman, in particular,
+who had been allured by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float by her,
+while washing clothes in a river. Being seized as soon as she reached
+the depths, she was conducted into one of these subterranean recesses,
+which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse to one of
+the brood of the hag who had allured her. During her residence in this
+capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an ointment
+of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world, that she
+had acquired the faculty of seeing the <i>dracae</i>, when they intermingle
+themselves with men. Of this power she was, however, deprived by the
+touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she had one day incautiously
+addressed. It is a curious fact, that this story, in almost all its
+parts, is current in both the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland, with
+no other variation than the substitution of Fairies for <i>dracae</i>, and
+the cavern of a hill for that of a river.<a name="FNanchor_A_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_40"><sup>[A]</sup></a> These water fiends are thus
+characterized by Heywood, in the <i>Hierarchie</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Spirits, that have o'er water gouvernement,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are to mankind alike malevolent;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They trouble seas, flouds, rivers, brookes, and wels,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Meres, lakes, and love to enhabit watry cells;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hence noisome and pestiferous vapours raise;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Besides, they men encounter divers ways.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At wreckes some present are; another sort,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ready to cramp their joints that swim for sport:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">One kind of these, the Italians <i>fatae</i> name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Fee</i> the French, we <i>sybils</i>, and the same;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Others <i>white nymphs</i>, and those that have them seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Night ladies</i> some, of which Habundia queen.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,</i> p. 507.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_40">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Indeed, many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous
+to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without <i>saining</i>
+(blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well
+attested. A poor woman of Tiviotdale, having been fortunate enough, as
+she thought herself, to find a wooden beetle, at the very time when
+she needed such an implement, seized it without pronouncing the proper
+blessing, and, carrying it home, laid it above her bed, to be ready
+for employment in the morning. At midnight, the window of her cottage
+opened, and a loud voice was heard, calling upon some one within, by a
+strange and uncouth name, which I have forgotten. The terrified cottager
+ejaculated a prayer, which, we may suppose, insured her personal
+safety; while the enchanted implement of housewifery, tumbling from the
+bed-stead, departed by the window with no small noise and precipitation.
+In a humorous fugitive tract, the late Dr Johnson is introduced as
+disputing the authenticity of an apparition, merely because the spirit
+assumed the shape of a tea-pot, and of a shoulder of mutton. No doubt,
+a case so much in point, as that we have now quoted, would have removed
+his incredulity.</p></div>
+
+<p>The following Frisian superstition, related by Schott, in his <i>Physica
+Curiosa</i>, p. 362, on the authority of Cornelius a Kempen, coincides more
+accurately with the popular opinions concerning the Fairies, than even
+the <i>dracae</i> of Gervase, or the water-spirits of Thomas Heywood.&mdash;&quot;In
+the time of the emperor Lotharius, in 830,&quot; says he, &quot;many spectres
+infested Frieseland, particularly the white nymphs of the ancients,
+which the moderns denominate <i>witte wiven</i>, who inhabited a
+subterraneous cavern, formed in a wonderful manner, without human art,
+on the top of a lofty mountain. These were accustomed to surprise
+benighted travellers, shepherds watching their herds and flocks, and
+women newly delivered, with their children; and convey them into their
+caverns, from which subterranean murmurs, the cries of children, the
+groans and lamentations of men, and sometimes imperfect words, and all
+kinds of musical sounds, were heard to proceed.&quot; The same superstition
+is detailed by Bekker, in his <i>World Bewitch'd</i>, p. 196, of the English
+translation. As the different classes of spirits were gradually
+confounded, the abstraction of children seems to have been chiefly
+ascribed to the elves, or Fairies; yet not so entirely, as to exclude
+hags and witches from the occasional exertion of their ancient
+privilege.&mdash;In Germany, the same confusion of classes has not taken
+place. In the beautiful ballads of the <i>Erl King</i>, the <i>Water King</i>, and
+the <i>Mer-Maid</i>, we still recognize the ancient traditions of the Goths,
+concerning the <i>wald-elven</i>, and the <i>dracae</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A similar superstition, concerning abstraction by daemons, seems, in
+the time of Gervase of Tilbury, to have pervaded the greatest part of
+Europe. &quot;In Catalonia,&quot; says that author, &quot;there is a lofty mountain,
+named Cavagum, at the foot of which runs a river with golden sands, in
+the vicinity of which there are likewise mines of silver. This mountain
+is steep, and almost inaccessible. On its top, which is always covered
+with ice and snow, is a black and bottomless lake, into which if a
+stone be thrown, a tempest suddenly rises; and near this lake, though
+invisible to men, is the porch of the palace of daemons. In a town
+adjacent to this mountain, named Junchera, lived one Peter de Cabinam.
+Being one day teazed with the fretfulness of his young daughter, he, in
+his impatience, suddenly wished that the devil might take her; when she
+was immediately borne away by the spirits. About seven years afterwards,
+an inhabitant of the same city, passing by the mountain, met a man, who
+complained bitterly of the burthen he was constantly forced to bear.
+Upon enquiring the cause of his complaining, as he did not seem to carry
+any load, the man related, that he had been unwarily devoted to the
+spirits by an execration, and that they now employed him constantly as
+a vehicle of burthen. As a proof of his assertion, he added, that the
+daughter of his fellow-citizen was detained by the spirits, but that
+they were willing to restore her, if her father would come and demand
+her on the mountain. Peter de Cabinam, on being informed of this,
+ascended the mountain to the lake, and, in the name of God, demanded his
+daughter; when, a tall, thin, withered figure, with wandering eyes, and
+almost bereft of understanding, was wafted to him in a blast of wind.
+After some time, the person, who had been employed as the vehicle of the
+spirits, also returned, when he related where the palace of the spirits
+was situated; but added, that none were permitted to enter but those who
+devoted themselves entirely to the spirits; those, who had been rashly
+committed to the devil by others, being only permitted, during their
+probation, to enter the porch.&quot; It may be proper to observe, that the
+superstitious idea, concerning the lake on the top of the mountain, is
+common to almost every high hill in Scotland. Wells, or pits, on the
+top of high hills, were likewise supposed to lead to the subterranean
+habitations of the Fairies. Thus, Gervase relates, (p. 975), &quot;that he
+was informed the swine-herd of William Peverell, an English baron,
+having lost a brood-sow, descended through a deep abyss, in the middle
+of an ancient ruinous castle, situated on the top of a hill, called
+Bech, in search of it. Though a violent wind commonly issued from
+this pit, he found it calm; and pursued his way, till he arrived at a
+subterraneous region, pleasant and cultivated, with reapers cutting down
+corn, though the snow remained on the surface of the ground above. Among
+the ears of corn he discovered his sow, and was permitted to ascend with
+her, and the pigs which she had farrowed.&quot; Though the author seems to
+think that the inhabitants of this cave might be Antipodes, yet, as
+many such stories are related of the Fairies, it is probable that this
+narration is of the same kind. Of a similar nature seems to be another
+superstition, mentioned by the same author, concerning the ringing of
+invisible bells, at the hour of one, in a field in the vicinity of
+Carleol, which, as he relates, was denominated <i>Laikibraine</i>, or <i>Lai ki
+brait</i>. From all these tales, we may perhaps be justified in supposing,
+that the faculties and habits ascribed to the Fairies, by the
+superstition of latter days, comprehended several, originally attributed
+to other classes of inferior spirits.</p>
+
+<p>III. The notions, arising from the spirit of chivalry, combined to add
+to the Fairies certain qualities, less atrocious, indeed, but equally
+formidable, with those which they derived from the last mentioned
+source, and alike inconsistent with the powers of the <i>duergar</i>, whom
+we may term their primitive prototype. From an early period, the daring
+temper of the northern tribes urged them to defy even the supernatural
+powers. In the days of Caesar, the Suevi were described, by their
+countrymen, as a people, with whom the immortal gods dared not venture
+to contend. At a later period, the historians of Scandinavia paint their
+heroes and champions, not as bending at the altar of their deities, but
+wandering into remote forests and caverns, descending into the recesses
+of the tomb, and extorting boons, alike from gods and daemons, by dint
+of the sword, and battle-axe. I will not detain the reader by quoting
+instances, in which heaven is thus described as having been literally
+attempted by storm. He may consult Saxo, Olaus Wormius, Olaus Magnus,
+Torfaeus, Bartholin, and other northern antiquaries. With such ideas of
+superior beings, the Normans, Saxons, and other Gothic tribes, brought
+their ardent courage to ferment yet more highly in the genial climes of
+the south, and under the blaze of romantic chivalry. Hence, during the
+dark ages, the invisible world was modelled after the material; and the
+saints, to the protection of whom the knights-errant were accustomed to
+recommend themselves, were accoutered like <i>preux chevaliers</i>, by the
+ardent imaginations of their votaries. With such ideas concerning the
+inhabitants of the celestial regions, we ought not to be surprised to
+find the inferior spirits, of a more dubious nature and origin, equipped
+in the same disguise. Gervase of Tilbury (<i>Otia Imperial, ap. Script,
+rer. Brunsvic,</i> Vol. I. p. 797.) relates the following popular story
+concerning a Fairy Knight. &quot;Osbert, a bold and powerful baron, visited
+a noble family in the vicinity of Wandlebury, in the bishopric of Ely.
+Among other stories related in the social circle of his friends, who,
+according to custom, amused each other by repeating ancient tales and
+traditions, he was informed, that if any knight, unattended, entered an
+adjacent plain by moon-light, and challenged an adversary to appear, he
+would be immediately encountered by a spirit in the form of a knight.
+Osbert resolved to make the experiment, and set out, attended by a
+single squire, whom he ordered to remain without the limits of the
+plain, which was surrounded by an ancient entrenchment. On repeating the
+challenge, he was instantly assailed by an adversary, whom he quickly
+unhorsed, and seized the reins of his steed. During this operation, his
+ghostly opponent sprung up, and, darting his spear, like a javelin, at
+Osbert, wounded him in the thigh. Osbert returned in triumph with the
+horse, which he committed to the care of his servants. The horse was of
+a sable colour, as well as his whole accoutrements, and apparently of
+great beauty and vigour. He remained with his keeper till cock-crowing,
+when, with eyes flashing fire, he reared, spurned the ground, and
+vanished. On disarming himself, Osbert perceived that he was wounded,
+and that one of his steel boots was full of blood. Gervase adds,
+that, as long as he lived, the scar of his wound opened afresh on the
+anniversary of the eve on which he encountered the spirit.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_41"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Less
+fortunate was the gallant Bohemian knight, who, travelling by night,
+with a single companion, came in sight of a fairy host, arrayed under
+displayed banners. Despising the remonstrances of his friend, the knight
+pricked forward to break a lance with a champion who advanced from
+the ranks, apparently in defiance. His companion beheld the Bohemian
+over-thrown horse and man, by his a&euml;rial adversary; and, returning to
+the spot next morning, he found the mangled, corpse of the knight and
+steed.&mdash;<i>Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,</i> p. 554.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_41">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The unfortunate Chatterton was not, probably, acquainted
+with Gervase of Tilbury; yet he seems to allude, in the <i>Battle of
+Hastings</i>, to some modification of Sir Osbert's adventure:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So who they be that ouphant fairies strike,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their souls shall wander to King Offa's dike.</span><br>
+</p><p>
+The entrenchment, which served as lists for the combatants, is said by
+Gervase to have been the work of the pagan invaders of Britain. In the
+metrical romance of <i>Arthour and Merlin</i>, we have also an account of
+Wandlesbury being occupied by the Sarasins, i.e. the Saxons; for all
+pagans were Saracens with the romancers. I presume the place to have
+been Wodnesbury, in Wiltshire, situated on the remarkable mound,
+called Wansdike, which is obviously a Saxon work.&mdash;GOUGH'S <i>Cambden's
+Britannia,</i> pp. 87&mdash;95.</p></div>
+
+<p>To the same current of warlike ideas, we may safely attribute the
+long train of military processions which the Fairies are supposed
+occasionally to exhibit. The elves, indeed, seem in this point to be
+identified with the a&euml;rial host, termed, during the middle ages, the
+<i>Milites Herlikini</i>, or <i>Herleurini</i>, celebrated by Pet. Blesensis,
+and termed, in the life of St Thomas of Canterbury, the <i>Familia
+Helliquinii</i>. The chief of this band was originally a gallant knight and
+warrior; but, having spent his whole possessions in the service of the
+emperor, and being rewarded with scorn, and abandoned to subordinate
+oppression, he became desperate, and, with his sons and followers,
+formed a band of robbers. After committing many ravages, and defeating
+all the forces sent against him, Hellequin, with his whole troop, fell
+in a bloody engagement with the Imperial host. His former good life was
+supposed to save him from utter reprobation; but he and his followers
+were condemned, after death, to a state of wandering, which should
+endure till the last day. Retaining their military habits, they were
+usually seen in the act of justing together, or in similar warlike
+employments. See the ancient French romance of <i>Richard sans Peur</i>.
+Similar to this was the <i>Nacht Lager</i>, or midnight camp, which seemed
+nightly to beleaguer the walls of Prague,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;With ghastly faces thronged, and fiery arms,&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>but which disappeared upon recitation of the magical words, <i>Vezel&eacute;,
+Vezel&eacute;, ho! ho! ho!</i>&mdash;For similar delusions, see DELRIUS, pp. 294, 295.</p>
+
+<p>The martial spirit of our ancestors led them to defy these a&euml;rial
+warriors; and it is still currently believed, that he, who has courage
+to rush upon a fairy festival, and snatch from them their drinking cup,
+or horn, shall find it prove to him a cornucopia of good fortune, if he
+can bear it in safety across a running stream. Such a horn is said to
+have been presented to Henry I. by a lord of Colchester.&mdash;GERVAS TILB.
+p. 980. A goblet is still carefully preserved in Edenhall, Cumberland,
+which is supposed to have been seized at a banquet of the elves, by one
+of the ancient family of Musgrave; or, as others say, by one of their
+domestics, in the manner above described. The Fairy train vanished,
+crying aloud,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If this glass do break or fall,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Farewell the luck of Edenhall!</span><br>
+
+<p>The goblet took a name from the prophecy, under which it is mentioned,
+in the burlesque ballad, commonly attributed to the duke of Wharton, but
+in reality composed by Lloyd, one of his jovial companions. The duke,
+after taking a draught, had nearly terminated the &quot;luck of Edenhall,&quot;
+had not the butler caught the cup in a napkin, as it dropped from his
+grace's hands. I understand it is not now subjected to such risques, but
+the lees of wine are still apparent at the bottom.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">God prosper long, from being broke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The luck of Edenhall.&mdash;<i>Parody on Chevy Chace.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>Some faint traces yet remain, on the borders, of a conflict of a
+mysterious and terrible nature, between mortals and the spirits of the
+wilds. This superstition is incidentally alluded to by Jackson, at the
+beginning of the 17th century. The fern seed, which is supposed to
+become visible only on St John's Eve,<a name="FNanchor_A_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_42"><sup>[A]</sup></a> and at the very moment when
+the Baptist was born, is held by the vulgar to be under the special
+protection of the queen of Fa&euml;ry. But, as the seed was supposed to have
+the quality of rendering the possessor invisible at pleasure,<a name="FNanchor_B_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_43"><sup>[B]</sup></a> and to
+be also of sovereign use in charms and incantations, persons of courage,
+addicted to these mysterious arts, were wont to watch in solitude, to
+gather it at the moment when it should become visible. The particular
+charms, by which they fenced themselves during this vigil, are now
+unknown; but it was reckoned a feat of no small danger, as the person
+undertaking it was exposed to the most dreadful assaults from spirits,
+who dreaded the effect of this powerful herb in the hands of a cabalist.
+Such were the shades, which the original superstition, concerning the.
+Fairies, received from the chivalrous sentiments of the middle ages.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_42">[A]</a><div class="note">
+<p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ne'er be I found by thee unawed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On that thrice hallowed eve abroad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When goblins haunt, from fire and fen.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wood and lake, the steps of men.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">COLLINS'S <i>Ode to Fear.</i></span><br>
+</p><p>
+The whole history of St John the Baptist was, by our ancestors,
+accounted mysterious, and connected with their own superstitions.
+The fairy queen was sometimes identified with Herodias.&mdash;DELRII
+<i>Disquisitiones Magicae,</i> pp. 168. 807. It is amusing to observe with
+what gravity the learned Jesuit contends, that it is heresy to believe
+that this celebrated figurante (<i>saltatricula</i>) still leads choral
+dances upon earth!</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_43">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> This is alluded to by Shakespeare, and other authors of his
+time:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We have the receipt of <i>fern-seed</i>; we walk invisible.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Henry IV. Part 1st, Act 2d, Sc. 3</i>.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>IV. An absurd belief in the fables of classical antiquity lent an
+additional feature to the character of the woodland spirits of whom we
+treat. Greece and Rome had not only assigned tutelary deities to each
+province and city, but had peopled, with peculiar spirits, the Seas, the
+Rivers, the Woods, and the Mountains. The memory of the pagan creed was
+not speedily eradicated, in the extensive provinces through which it was
+once universally received; and, in many particulars, it continued long
+to mingle with, and influence, the original superstitions of the Gothic
+nations. Hence, we find the elves occasionally arrayed in the costume of
+Greece and Rome, and the Fairy Queen and her attendants transformed into
+Diana and her nymphs, and invested with their attributes and appropriate
+insignia.&mdash;DELRIUS, pp. 168, 807. According to the same author, the
+Fairy Queen was also called <i>Habundia</i>. Like Diana, who, in one
+capacity, was denominated <i>Hecate</i>, the goddess of enchantment, the
+Fairy Queen is identified in popular tradition, with the <i>Gyre-Carline,
+Gay Carline</i>, or mother witch, of the Scottish peasantry. Of this
+personage, as an individual, we have but few notices. She is sometimes
+termed <i>Nicneven</i>,and is mentioned in the <i>Complaynt of Scotland</i>, by
+Lindsay in his <i>Dreme</i>, p. 225, edit. 1590, and in his <i>Interludes</i>,
+apud PINKERTON'S <i>Scottish Poems</i>, Vol. II. p. 18. But the traditionary
+accounts regarding her are too obscure to admit of explanation. In the
+burlesque fragment subjoined, which is copied from the Bannatyne MS. the
+Gyre Carline is termed the <i>Queen of Jowis</i> (Jovis, or perhaps Jews),
+and is, with great consistency, married to Mohammed.<a name="FNanchor_A_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_44"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_44">[A]</a><div class="note">
+<p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In Tyberius tyme, the trew imperatour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quhen Tynto hills fra skraipiug of toun-henis was keipit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thair dwelt are grit Gyre Carling in awld Betokis bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That levit upoun Christiane menis flesche, and rewheids unleipit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thair wynit ane hir by, on the west syde, callit Blasour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For luve of hir lanchane lippis, he walit and he weipit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He gadderit are menzie of modwartis to warp doun the tour:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Carling with are yren club, quhen yat Blasour sleipit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Behind the heil scho hat him sic ane blaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Quhil Blasour bled ane quart</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Off milk pottage inwart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The Carling luche, and lut fart</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">North Berwik Law.</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king of fary than come, with elfis many ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sett are sege, and are salt, with grit pensallis of pryd;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And all the doggis fra Dunbar wes thair to Dumblane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With all the tykis of Tervey, come to thame that tyd;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thay quelle doune with thair gonnes mony grit stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Carling schup hir on ane sow, and is her gaitis gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grunting our the Greik sie, and durst na langer byd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For bruklyng of bargane, and breikhig of browis:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The Carling now for dispyte</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Is maieit with Mahomyte,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And will the doggis interdyte,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">For scho is queue of Jowis.</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sensyne the cockis of Crawmound crew nevir at day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For dule of that devillisch deme wes with Mahoun mareit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the henis of Hadingtoun sensyne wald not lay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For this wild wibroun wich thame widlit sa and wareit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the same North Berwik Law, as I heir wyvis say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This Carling, with a fals east, wald away careit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For to luck on quha sa lykis, na langer scho tareit:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All this languor for love before tymes fell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Lang or Betok was born,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Scho bred of ane accorne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The laif of the story to morne,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">To you I sall telle.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>But chiefly in Italy were traced many dim characters of ancient
+mythology, in the creed of tradition. Thus, so lately as 1536, Vulcan,
+with twenty of his Cyclops, is stated to have presented himself suddenly
+to a Spanish merchant, travelling in the night, through the forests of
+Sicily; an apparition, which was followed by a dreadful eruption of
+Mount Aetna.&mdash;<i>Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,</i> p. 504 Of this
+singular mixture, the reader will find a curious specimen in the
+following tale, wherein the Venus of antiquity assumes the manners of
+one of the Fays, or Fatae, of romance. &quot;In the year 1058, a young man
+of noble birth had been married at Rome, and, during the period of his
+nuptial feast, having gone with his companions to play at ball, he put
+his marriage ring on the finger of a broken statue of Venus in the area,
+to remain, while he was engaged in the recreation. Desisting from the
+exercise, he found the finger, on which he had put his ring, contracted
+firmly against the palm, and attempted in vain either to break it, or to
+disengage his ring. He concealed the circumstance from his companions,
+and returned at night with a servant, when he found the finger extended,
+and his ring gone. He dissembled the loss, and returned to his wife;
+but, whenever he attempted to embrace her, he found himself prevented
+by something dark and dense, which was tangible, though not visible,
+interposing between them; and he heard a voice saying, 'Embrace me! for
+I am Venus, whom this day you wedded, and I will not restore your ring.'
+As this was constantly repeated, he consulted his relations, who had
+recourse to Palumbus, a priest, skilled in necromancy. He directed the
+young man to go, at a certain hour of night, to a spot among the ruins
+of ancient Rome, where four roads met, and wait silently till he saw a
+company pass by, and then, without uttering a word, to deliver a letter,
+which he gave him, to a majestic being, who rode in a chariot, after the
+rest of the company. The young man did as he was directed; and saw a
+company of all ages, sexes, and ranks, on horse and on foot, some joyful
+and others sad, pass along; among whom he distinguished a woman in a
+meretricious dress, who, from the tenuity of her garments, seemed
+almost naked. She rode on a mule; her long hair, which flowed over her
+shoulders, was bound with a golden fillet; and in her hand was a golden
+rod, with which she directed her mule. In the close of the procession,
+a tall majestic figure appeared in a chariot, adorned with emeralds
+and pearls, who fiercely asked the young man, 'What he did there?' He
+presented the letter in silence, which the daemon dared not refuse.
+As soon as he had read, lifting up his hands to heaven, he exclaimed,
+'Almighty God! how long wilt thou endure the iniquities of the sorcerer
+Palumbus!' and immediately dispatched some of his attendants, who, with
+much difficulty, extorted the ring from Venus, and restored it to
+its owner, whose infernal banns were thus dissolved.&quot;&mdash;FORDUNI
+<i>Scotichronicon,</i> Vol. I. p. 407, <i>cura</i> GOODALL.</p>
+
+<p>But it is rather in the classical character of an infernal deity, that
+the elfin queen may be considered, than as <i>Hecate</i>, the patroness of
+magic; for not only in the romance writers, but even in Chaucer, are the
+Fairies identified with the ancient inhabitants of the classical hell.
+Thus Chaucer, in his <i>Marchand's Tale</i>, mentions</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pluto that is king of fayrie&mdash;and</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Proserpine and all her fayrie.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the <i>Golden Terge</i> of Dunbar, the same phraseology is adopted: Thus,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thair was Pluto that elricke incubus</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In cloke of grene, his court usit in sable.</span><br>
+
+<p>Even so late as 1602, in Harsenet's <i>Declaration of Popish Imposture,</i>
+p. 57, Mercury is called <i>Prince of the Fairies.</i></p>
+
+<p>But Chaucer, and those poets who have adopted his phraseology, have only
+followed the romance writers; for the same substitution occurs in the
+romance of <i>Orfeo and Heurodis</i>, in which the story of Orpheus and
+Eurydice is transformed into a beautiful romantic tale of fa&euml;ry, and
+the Gothic mythology engrafted on the fables of Greece. <i>Heurodis</i> is
+represented as wife of <i>Orfeo</i>, and queen of Winchester, the ancient
+name of which city the romancer, with unparalleled ingenuity, discovers
+to have been Traciens, or Thrace. The monarch, her husband, had a
+singular genealogy:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His fader was comen of King Pluto,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his moder of King Juno;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That sum time were as godes y-holde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For aventours that thai dede and tolde.</span><br>
+
+<p>Reposing, unwarily, at noon, under the shade of an ymp tree,<a name="FNanchor_A_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_45"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+<i>Heurodis</i> dreams that she is accosted by the King of Fairies,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With an hundred knights and mo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And damisels an hundred also,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al on snowe white stedes;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As white as milke were her wedes;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Y no seigh never yete bifore,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So fair creatours y-core:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The kinge hadde a croun on hed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It nas of silver, no of golde red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac it was of a precious ston:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As bright as the sonne it schon.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_45">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Ymp tree</i>&mdash;According to the general acceptation, this only
+signifies a grafted tree; whether it should he here understood to mean a
+tree consecrated to the imps, or fairies, is left with the reader.</p></div>
+
+<p>The King of Fairies, who had obtained power over the queen, perhaps from
+her sleeping at noon in his domain, orders her, under the penalty of
+being torn to pieces, to await him to-morrow under the ymp tree, and
+accompany him to Fairy-Land. She relates her dream to her husband, who
+resolves to accompany her, and attempt her rescue:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A morwe the under tide is come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Orfeo hath his armes y-nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wele ten hundred knights with him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich y-armed stout and grim;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And with the quen wenten he,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Right upon that ympe tre.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thai made scheltrom in iche aside,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sayd thai wold there abide,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And dye ther everichon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Er the qeun schuld fram hem gon:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac yete amiddes hem ful right,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The quen was oway y-twight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With Fairi forth y-nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Men wizt never wher sche was become.</span><br>
+
+<p>After this fatal catastrophe, <i>Orfeo</i>, distracted for the loss of
+his queen, abandons his throne, and, with his harp, retires into a
+wilderness, where he subjects himself to every kind of austerity, and
+attracts the wild beasts by the pathetic melody of his harp. His state
+of desolation is poetically described:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that werd the fowe and griis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on bed the purpur biis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now on bard hethe he lith.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With leves and gresse he him writh:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that had castells and tours,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rivers, forests, frith with flowrs.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now thei it commence to snewe and freze,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This king mot make his bed in mese:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that had y-had knightes of priis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bifore him kneland and leuedis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now seth he no thing that him liketh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot wild wormes bi him striketh:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He that had y-had plente</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of mete and drinke, of ich deynte,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now may he al daye digge and wrote,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Er he find his fille of rote.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In sorner he liveth bi wild fruit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And verien hot gode lite.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In winter may he no thing find,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot rotes, grases, and the rinde.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His here of his herd blac and rowe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To his girdel stede was growe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His harp, whereon was al his gle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He hidde in are holwe tre:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, when the weder was clere and bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He toke his harpe to him wel right,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And harped at his owen will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Into al the wode the soun gan shill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That al the wild bestes that ther beth</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For joie abouten him thai teth;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And al the foules that ther wer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come and sete on ich a brere,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To here his harping a fine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So miche melody was therein.</span><br>
+
+<p>At last he discovers, that he is not the sole inhabitant of this desart;
+for</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He might se him besides</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oft in hot undertides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king of Fairi, with his route,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come to hunt him al about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With dim cri and bloweing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And houndes also with him berking;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac no best thai no nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No never he nist whider thai bi come.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And other while he might hem se</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As a gret ost bi him te,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Well atourued ten hundred knightes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich y-armed to his rightes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of cuntenance stout and fers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With mani desplaid baners;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ich his sword y-drawe hold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac never he nist whider thai wold.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And otherwhile he seighe other thing;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Knightis and lenedis com daunceing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In queynt atire gisely,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Queyete pas and softlie:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tabours and trumpes gede hem bi,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And al mauer menstraci.&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on a day he seighe him biside,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sexti leuedis on hors ride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gentil and jolif as brid on ris;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nought o man amonges hem ther nis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ich a faucoun on bond bere,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And riden on hauken bi o river.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of game thai found wel gode haunt,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maulardes, hayroun, and cormoraunt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The foules of the water ariseth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich faucoun hem wele deviseth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ich fancoun his pray slough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That seize Orfeo and lough.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Par fay,&quot; quoth he, &quot;there is fair game,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hider Ichil bi Godes name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ich was y won swich work to se:&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He aros, and thider gan te;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To a leuedie hi was y-come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bihelde, and hath wel under nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seth, bi al thing, that is</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His owen quen, dam Heurodis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gern hi biheld her, and sche him eke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac nouther to other a word no speke:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For messais that sche on him seighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That had ben so riche and so heighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The teres fel out of her eighe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The other leuedis this y seighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And maked hir oway to ride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sche most with him no longer obide.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Allas!&quot; quoth he, &quot;nowe is mi woe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Whi nil deth now me slo;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Allas! to long last mi liif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When y no dare nought with mi wif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor hye to me o word speke;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Allas whi nil miin hert breke!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Par fay,&quot; quoth he, &quot;tide what betide,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Whider so this leuedis ride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The selve way Ichil streche;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of liif, no dethe, me no reche.</span><br>
+
+<p>In consequence, therefore, of this discovery <i>Orfeo</i> pursues the hawking
+damsels, among whom he has descried his lost queen. They enter a rock,
+the king continues the pursuit, and arrives at Fairy-Land, of which the
+following very poetical description is given:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In at roche the leuedis rideth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he after and nought abideth;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he was in the roche y-go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wele thre mile other mo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He com into a fair cuntray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As bright soonne somers day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Smothe and plain and al grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hill no dale nas none ysene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amiddle the loud a castel he seighe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rich and reale and wonder heighe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al the utmast wal</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was cler and schine of cristal;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An hundred tours ther were about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Degiselich and bataild stout;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The butrass come out of the diche,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of rede gold y-arched riche;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The bousour was anowed al,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of ich maner deuers animal;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Within ther wer wide wones</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al of precious stones,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The werss piler onto biholde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Was al of burnist gold:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Al that loud was ever light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For when it schuld be therk and night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The riche stonnes light gonne,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bright as doth at nonne the sonne</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No man may tel, no thenke in thought.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The riche werk that ther was rought.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Than he gan biholde about al,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seighe ful liggeand with in the wal,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of folk that wer thidder y-brought,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thought dede and nere nought;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sum stode with outen hadde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And some none armes nade;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum thurch the bodi hadde wounde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum lay wode y-bounde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum armed on hors sete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum astrangled as thai ete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum war in water adreynt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sum with fire al for schreynt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wives ther lay on childe bedde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sum dede, and sum awedde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wonder fere ther lay besides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Right as thai slepe her undertides;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eche was thus in this warld y-nome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With fairi thider y-come.<a name="FNanchor_A_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_46"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There he seize his owhen wiif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dame Heurodis, his liif liif,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Slepe under an ympe tree:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bi her clothes he knewe that it was he,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And when he had bihold this mervalis alle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He went into the kinges halle;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then seigh he there a semly sight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A tabernacle blisseful and bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ther in her maister king sete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And her quen fair and swete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her crounes, her clothes schine so bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That unnethe bihold he hem might.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Orfeo and Heurodis, MS.</i></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_46">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> It was perhaps from such a description that Ariosto adopted
+his idea of the Lunar Paradise, containing every thing that on earth was
+stolen or lost.</p></div>
+
+<p><i>Orfeo</i>, as a minstrel, so charms the Fairy King with the music of
+his harp, that he promises to grant him whatever he should ask. He
+immediately demands his lost <i>Heurodis</i>; and, returning safely with
+her to Winchester, resumes his authority; a catastrophe, less pathetic
+indeed, but more pleasing, than that of the classical story. The
+circumstances, mentioned in this romantic legend, correspond very
+exactly with popular tradition. Almost all the writers on daemonology
+mention, as a received opinion that the power of the daemons is most
+predominant at noon and midnight. The entrance to the Land of Fa&euml;ry is
+placed in the wilderness; a circumstance, which coincides with a passage
+in Lindsay's <i>Complaint of the Papingo:</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot sen my spreit mon from my bodye go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I recommend it to the queue of Fary,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eternally into her court to tarry</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In <i>wilderness</i> amang the holtis hair.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">LINDSAY'S <i>Works</i>, 1592, p. 222.</span><br>
+
+<p>Chaucer also agrees, in this particular, with our romancer:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In his sadel he clombe anon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And priked over stile and ston,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An elf quene for to espie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Til he so long had riden and gone</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he fond in a privie wone</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The countree of Fa&euml;rie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wherein he soughte north and south,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And often spired with his mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In many a foreste wilde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For in that countree nas ther non,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That to him dorst ride or gon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Neither wif ne childe.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Rime of Sir Thopas.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>V. Other two causes, deeply affecting the superstition of which we
+treat, remain yet to be noticed. The first is derived from the Christian
+religion, which admits only of two classes of spirits, exclusive of the
+souls of men&mdash;Angels, namely, and Devils. This doctrine had a necessary
+tendency to abolish the distinction among subordinate spirits, which had
+been introduced by the superstitions of the Scandinavians. The existence
+of the Fairies was readily admitted; but, as they had no pretensions to
+the angelic character, they were deemed to be of infernal origin. The
+union, also, which had been formed betwixt the elves and the Pagan
+deities, was probably of disservice to the former; since every one
+knows, that the whole synod of Olympus were accounted daemons.</p>
+
+<p>The fulminations of the church were, therefore, early directed against
+those, who consulted or consorted with the Fairies; and, according to
+the inquisitorial logic, the innocuous choristers of Oberon and Titania
+were, without remorse, confounded with the sable inhabitants of the
+orthodox Gehennim; while the rings, which marked their revels, were
+assimilated to the blasted sward on which the witches held their
+infernal sabbath.&mdash;<i>Delrii Disq. Mag.</i> p. 179. This transformation early
+took place; for, among the many crimes for which the famous Joan of Arc
+was called upon to answer, it was not the least heinous, that she
+had frequented the Tree and Fountain, near Dompr&eacute;, which formed the
+rendezvous of the Fairies, and bore their name; that she had joined in
+the festive dance with the elves, who haunted this charmed spot; had
+accepted of their magical bouquets, and availed herself of their
+talismans, for the delivery of her country.&mdash;<i>Vide Acta Judiciaria
+contra Johannam D'Arceam, vulgo vocutam Johanne la Pucelle.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Reformation swept away many of the corruptions of the church of
+Rome; but the purifying torrent remained itself somewhat tinctured by
+the superstitious impurities of the soil over which it had passed. The
+trials of sorcerers and witches, which disgrace our criminal records,
+become even more frequent after the Reformation of the church; as if
+human credulity, no longer amused by the miracles of Rome, had sought
+for food in the traditionary records of popular superstition. A Judaical
+observation of the precepts of the Old Testament also characterized the
+Presbyterian reformers. <i>&quot;Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,&quot;</i> was
+a text, which at once (as they conceived) authorized their belief in
+sorcery, and sanctioned the penalty which they denounced against it. The
+Fairies were, therefore, in no better credit after the Reformation than
+before, being still regarded as actual daemons, or something very little
+better. A famous divine, Doctor Jasper Brokeman, teaches us, in his
+system of divinity, &quot;that they inhabit in those places that are polluted
+with any crying sin, as effusion of blood, or where unbelief or
+superstitione have gotten the upper hand.&quot;&mdash;<i>Description of Feroe.</i> The
+Fairies being on such bad terms with the divines, those, who pretended
+to intercourse with them, were, without scruple, punished as sorcerers;
+and such absurd charges are frequently stated as exaggerations of
+crimes, in themselves sufficiently heinous.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the case in the trial of the noted Major Weir, and his sister;
+where the following mummery interlards a criminal indictment, too
+infamously flagitious to be farther detailed: &quot;9th April, 1670. Jean
+Weir, indicted of sorceries, committed by her when she lived and kept a
+school at Dalkeith: that she took employment from a woman, to speak in
+her behalf to the <i>Queen of Fairii, meaning the Devil</i>; and that another
+woman gave her a piece of a tree, or root, the next day, and did tell
+her, that as long as she kept the same, she should be able to do what
+she pleased; and that same woman, from whom she got the tree, caused her
+spread a cloth before her door, and set her foot upon it, and to repeat
+thrice, in the posture foresaid, these words, <i>'All her losses and
+crosses go alongst to the doors,'</i> which was truly a consulting with the
+devil, and an act of sorcery, &amp;c. That after the spirit, in the shape of
+a woman, who gave her the piece of tree, had removed, she, addressing
+herself to spinning, and having spun but a short time, found more
+yarn upon the pirn than could possibly have come there by good
+means.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_47"><sup>[A]</sup></a>&mdash;<i>Books of Adjournal.</i></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_47">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> It is observed in the record, that Major Weir, a man of
+the most vicious character, was at the same time ambitious of appearing
+eminently godly; and used to frequent the beds of sick persons, to
+assist them with his prayers. On such occasions, he put to his mouth
+a long staff, which he usually carried, and expressed himself with
+uncommon energy and fluency, of which he was utterly incapable when the
+inspiring rod was withdrawn. This circumstance, the result, probably, of
+a trick or habit, appearing suspicious to the judges, the staff of the
+sorcerer was burned along with his person. One hundred and thirty years
+have elapsed since his execution, yet no one has, during that space,
+ventured to inhabit the house of this celebrated criminal.</p></div>
+
+<p>Neither was the judgment of the criminal court of Scotland less severe
+against another familiar of the Fairies, whose supposed correspondence
+with the court of Elfland seems to have constituted the sole crime, for
+which she was burned alive. Her name was Alison Pearson, and she seems
+to have been a very noted person. In a bitter satire against Adamson,
+Bishop of St Andrews, he is accused of consulting with sorcerers,
+particularly with this very woman; and an account is given of her
+travelling through Breadalbane, in the company of the Queen of Fa&euml;ry,
+and of her descrying, in the court of Elfland, many persons, who had
+been supposed at rest in the peaceful grave.<a name="FNanchor_A_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_48"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Among these we find two
+remarkable personages; the secretary, young Maitland of Lethington, and
+one of the old lairds of Buccleuch. The cause of their being stationed
+in Elfland probably arose from the manner of their decease; which, being
+uncommon and violent, caused the vulgar to suppose that they had been
+abstracted by the Fairies. Lethington, as is generally supposed, died a
+Roman death during his imprisonment in Leith; and the Buccleuch, whom I
+believe to be here meant, was slain in a nocturnal scuffle by the Kerrs,
+his hereditary enemies. Besides, they were both attached to the cause
+of Queen Mary, and to the ancient religion; and were thence, probably,
+considered as more immediately obnoxious to the assaults of the powers
+of darkness.<a name="FNanchor_B_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_49"><sup>[B]</sup></a> The indictment of Alison Pearson notices her intercourse
+with the Archbishop of St Andrews, and contains some particulars, worthy
+of notice, regarding the court of Elfland. It runs thus: &quot;28th May,
+1586. Alison Pearson, in Byrehill, convicted of witchcraft, and of
+consulting with evil spirits, in the form of one Mr William Simpsone,
+her cosin, who she affirmed was a gritt schollar, and doctor of
+medicine, that healed her of her diseases when she was twelve years of
+age; having lost the power of her syde, and having a familiaritie with
+him for divers years, dealing with charms, and abuseing the common
+people by her arts of witchcraft, thir divers years by-past.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_48">[A]</a><div class="note">
+<p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For oght the kirk culd him forbid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He sped him sone, and gat the thrid;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ane carling of the quene of Phareis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That ewill win geir to elpliyne careis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through all Brade Abane scho has bene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On horsbak on Hallow ewin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ay in seiking certayne nightis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As scho sayis with sur silly wychirs:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And names out nybours sex or sewin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That we belevit had bene in heawin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Scho said scho saw theme weill aneugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And speciallie gude auld Balcleuch,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The secretar, and sundrie uther:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ane William Symsone, her mother brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whom fra scho has resavit a buike</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For ony herb scho likes to luke;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It will instruct her how to tak it,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In saws and sillubs how to mak it;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With stones that meikle mair can doe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In leich craft, where scho lays them toe:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A thousand maladeis scho hes mendit;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now being tane, and apprehendit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Scho being in the bischopis cure,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And keipit in his castle sure,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Without respect of worldlie glamer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He past into the witches chalmer.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Scottish Poems of XVI. Century,</i> Edin. 1801,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Vol. II, p. 320.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_49">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> Buccleuch was a violent enemy to the English, by whom his
+lands had been repeatedly plundered (See <i>Introduction,</i> p. xxvi), and
+a great advocate for the marriage betwixt Mary and the dauphin, 1549.
+According to John Knox, he had recourse even to threats, in urging the
+parliament to agree to the French match. &quot;The laird of Buccleuch,&quot; says
+the Reformer, &quot;a bloody man, with many Gods wounds, swore, they that
+would not consent should do worse.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> For banting and repairing with the gude neighbours, and queene
+of Elfland, thir divers years by-past, as she had confest; and that she
+had friends in that court, which were of her own blude, who had gude
+acquaintance of the queene of Elfland, which might have helped her; but
+she was whiles well, and whiles ill, sometimes with them, a'nd other
+times away frae them; and that she would be in her bed haille and feire,
+and would not wytt where she would be the morn; and that she saw not the
+queene this seven years, and that she was seven years ill handled in the
+court of Elfland; that, however, she kad gude friends there, and that
+it was the gude neighbours that healed her, under God; and that she was
+comeing and going to St Andrews to haile folkes thir many years past.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> Convict of the said act of witchcraft, in as far as she confest
+that the said Mr William Sympsoune, who was her guidsir sone, born in
+Stirleing, who was the king's smith, who, when about eight years of age,
+was taken away by ane Egyptian to Egypt; which Egyptian was a gyant,
+where he remained twelve years, &quot;and then came home.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> That she being in Grange Muir, with some other folke, she,
+being sick, lay downe; and, when alone, there came a man to her, clad in
+green, who said to her, if she would be faithful, he would do her good;
+but she, being feared, cried out, but naebodye came to her; so she said,
+if he came in God's name, and for the gude of her saule, it was well;
+but he gaid away: that he appeared to her another tyme like a lustie
+man, and many men and women with him; that, at seeing him, she signed
+herself and prayed, and past with them, and saw them making merrie with
+pypes, and gude cheir and wine, and that she was carried with them; and
+that when she telled any of these things, she was sairlie tormentit by
+them; and that the first time she gaed with them, she gat a sair straike
+frae one of them, which took all the <i>poustie</i><a name="FNanchor_A_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_50"><sup>[A]</sup></a> of her syde frae her,
+and left ane ill-far'd mark on her syde.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> That she saw the gude neighbours make their sawes<a name="FNanchor_B_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_51"><sup>[B]</sup></a> with panns
+and fyres, and that they gathered the herbs before the sun was up, and
+they came verie fearful sometimes to her, and flaide<a name="FNanchor_C_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_52"><sup>[C]</sup></a> her very sair,
+which made her cry, and threatened they would use her worse than before;
+and, at last, they took away the power of her haile syde frae her, which
+made her lye many weeks. Sometimes they would come and sitt by her, and
+promise all that she should never want if she would be faithful, but if
+she would speak and telle of them, they should murther her; and that Mr
+William Sympsoune is with them, who healed her, and telt her all things;
+that he is a young man not six years older than herself, and that he
+will appear to her before the court comes; that he told her he was taken
+away by them, and he bidd her sign herself that she be not taken away,
+for the teind of them are tane to hell everie year.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_50">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Poustie</i>&mdash;Power.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_51">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sawes</i>&mdash;Salves.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_52">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Flaide</i>&mdash;Scared.</p></div>
+
+<p>&quot;<i>Item,</i> That the said Mr William told her what herbs were fit to cure
+every disease, and how to use them; and particularlie tauld, that the
+Bishop of St Andrews laboured under sindrie diseases, sic as the riples,
+trembling, feaver, flux, &amp;c. and bade her make a sawe, and anoint
+several parts of his body therewith, and gave directions for making a
+posset, which she made and gave him.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>For this idle story the poor woman actually suffered death. Yet,
+notwithstanding the fervent arguments thus liberally used by the
+orthodox, the common people, though they dreaded even to think or speak
+about the Fairies, by no means unanimously acquiesced in the doctrine,
+which consigned them to eternal perdition. The inhabitants of the Isle
+of Man call them the &quot;<i>good people</i>, and say they live in wilds, and
+forests, and on mountains, and shun great cities, because of the
+wickedness acted therein: all the houses are blessed where they visit,
+for they fly vice. A person would be thought impudently prophane who
+should suffer his family to go to bed, without having first set a tub,
+or pail, full of clean water, for those guests to bathe themselves in,
+which the natives aver they constantly do, as soon as ever the eyes of
+the family are closed, wherever they vouchsafe to come.&quot;&mdash;WALDREN's
+<i>Works</i>, p. 126. There are some curious, and perhaps anomalous facts,
+concerning the history of Fairies, in a sort of Cock-lane narrative,
+contained in a letter from Moses Pitt, to Dr Edward Fowler, Lord Bishop
+of Gloucester, printed at London in 1696, and preserved in Morgan's
+<i>Phoenix Britannicus,</i> 4to, London 1732.</p>
+
+<p>Anne Jefferies was born in the parish of St Teath, in the county of
+Cornwall, in 1626. Being the daughter of a poor man, she resided as
+servant in the house of the narrator's father, and waited upon the
+narrator himself, in his childhood. As she was knitting stockings in an
+arbour of the garden, &quot;six small people, all in green clothes,&quot; came
+suddenly over the garden wall; at the sight of whom, being much
+frightened, she was seized with convulsions, and continued so long sick,
+that she became as a changeling, and was unable to walk. During her
+sickness, she frequently exclaimed, &quot;They are just gone out of the
+window! they are just gone out of the window! do you not see them?&quot;
+These expressions, as she afterwards declared, related to their
+disappearing. During the harvest, when every one was employed, her
+mistress walked out; and dreading that Anne, who was extremely weak
+and silly, might injure herself, or the house, by the fire, with some
+difficulty persuaded her to walk in the orchard till her return. She
+accidentally hurt her leg, and, at her return, Anne cured it, by
+stroking it with her hand. She appeared to be informed of every
+particular, and asserted, that she had this information from the
+Fairies, who had caused the misfortune. After this, she performed
+numerous cures, but would never receive money for them. From harvest
+time to Christmas, she was fed by the Fairies, and eat no other victuals
+but theirs. The narrator affirms, that, looking one day through the
+key-hole of the door of her chamber, he saw her eating; and that she
+gave him a piece of bread, which was the most delicious he ever tasted.
+The Fairies always appeared to her in even numbers; never less than two,
+nor more than eight, at a time. She had always a sufficient stock of
+salves and medicines, and yet neither made, nor purchased any; nor did
+she ever appear to be in want of money. She, one day, gave a silver cup,
+containing about a quart, to the daughter of her mistress, a girl about
+four years old, to carry to her mother, who refused to receive it. The
+narrator adds, that he had seen her dancing in the orchard among the
+trees, and that she informed him she was then dancing with the Fairies.
+The report of the strange cures which she performed, soon attracted the
+attention of both ministers and magistrates. The ministers endeavoured
+to persuade her, that the Fairies by which she was haunted, were evil
+spirits, and that she was under the delusion of the devil. After they
+had left her, she was visited by the Fairies, while in great perplexity;
+who desired her to cause those, who termed them evil spirits, to
+read that place of scripture, <i>First Epistle of John,</i>, chap. iv. v.
+1,&mdash;<i>Dearly beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits,
+whether they are of God,</i> &amp;c. Though Anne Jefferies could not read, she
+produced a Bible folded down at this passage. By the magistrates she was
+confined three months, without food, in Bodmin jail, and afterwards
+for some time in the house of Justice Tregeagle. Before the constable
+appeared to apprehend her, she was visited by the Fairies, who informed
+her what was intended, and advised her to go with him. When this account
+was given, on May 1, 1696, she was still alive; but refused to relate
+any particulars of her connection with the Fairies, or the occasion on
+which they deserted her, lest she should again fall under the cognizance
+of the magistrates.</p>
+
+<p>Anne Jefferies' Fairies were not altogether singular in maintaining
+their good character, in opposition to the received opinion of the
+church. Aubrey and Lily, unquestionably judges in such matters, had
+a high opinion of these beings, if we may judge from the following
+succinct and business-like memorandum of a ghost-seer. &quot;Anno 1670. Not
+far from Cirencester was an apparition. Being demanded whether a good
+spirit or a bad, returned no answer, but disappeared with a curious
+perfume, and most melodious twang. M.W. Lilly believes it was a Fairie.
+So Propertius,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Omnia finierat; tenues secessit in auras,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mansit odor possis scire fuisse Deam!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">AUBREY'S <i>Miscellanies,</i> p. 80.</span><br>
+
+<p>A rustic, also, whom Jackson taxed with magical practices, about 1620,
+obstinately denied that the good King of the Fairies had any connection
+with the devil; and some of the Highland seers, even in our day,
+have boasted of their intimacy with the elves, as an innocent and
+advantageous connection. One Maccoan, in Appin, the last person
+eminently gifted with the second sight, professed to my learned and
+excellent friend, Mr Ramsay, of Ochtertyre, that he owed his prophetic
+visions to their intervention.</p>
+
+<p>VI. There remains yet another cause to be noticed, which seems to have
+induced a considerable alteration into the popular creed of England,
+respecting Fairies. Many poets of the sixteenth century, and, above all,
+our immortal Shakespeare, deserting the hackneyed fictions of Greece and
+Rome, sought for machinery in the superstitions of their native country.
+&quot;The fays, which nightly dance upon the wold,&quot; were an interesting
+subject; and the creative imagination of the bard, improving upon the
+vulgar belief, assigned to them many of those fanciful attributes and
+occupations, which posterity have since associated with the name
+of Fairy. In such employments, as rearing the drooping flower, and
+arranging the disordered chamber, the Fairies of South Britain gradually
+lost the harsher character of the dwarfs, or elves. Their choral dances
+were enlivened by the introduction of the merry goblin <i>Puck</i>,<a name="FNanchor_A_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_53"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+for whose freakish pranks they exchanged their original mischievous
+propensities. The Fairies of Shakespeare, Drayton, and Mennis,
+therefore, at first exquisite fancy portraits, may be considered as
+having finally operated a change in the original which gave them
+birth.<a name="FNanchor_B_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_54"><sup>[B]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_53">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin, possesses the frolicksome
+qualities of the French <i>Lutin</i>. For his full character, the reader is
+referred to the <i>Reliques of Ancient Poetry</i>. The proper livery of this
+sylvan Momus is to be found in an old play. &quot;Enter Robin Goodfellow, in
+a suit of leather, close to his body, his hands and face coloured russet
+colour, with a flail.&quot;&mdash;<i>Grim, the Collier of Croydon, Act 4, Scene 1.</i>
+At other times, however, he is presented in the vernal livery of the
+elves, his associates:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Tim.</i> &quot;I have made</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Some speeches, sir, ill verse, which have been spoke</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;By a <i>green Robin Goodfellow</i>, from Cheapside conduit,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To my father's company.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>The City Match, Act I, Scene 6.</i></span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_54">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> The Fairy land, and Fairies of Spenser, have no connection
+with popular superstition, being only words used to denote an Utopian
+scene of action, and imaginary or allegorical characters; and the title
+of the &quot;Fairy Queen&quot; being probably suggested by the elfin mistress of
+Chaucer's <i>Sir Thopas</i>. The stealing of the Red Cross Knight, while a
+child, is the only incident in the poem which approaches to the popular
+character of the Fairy:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&mdash;A Fairy thee unweeting reft;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There as thou sleptst in tender swadling band,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And her base elfin brood there for thee left:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Such men do changelings call, so chang'd by Fairies theft.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Book I. Canto</i> 10.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>While the fays of South Britain received such attractive and poetical
+embellishments, those of Scotland, who possessed no such advantage,
+retained more of their ancient, and appropriate character. Perhaps,
+also, the persecution which these sylvan deities underwent, at the
+instance of the stricter presbyterian clergy, had its usual effect, in
+hardening their dispositions, or at least in rendering them more dreaded
+by those among whom they dwelt. The face of the country, too, might
+have some effect; as we should naturally attribute a less malicious
+disposition, and a less frightful appearance, to the fays who glide by
+moon-light through the oaks of Windsor, than to those who haunt the
+solitary heaths and lofty mountains of the North. The fact at least is
+certain; and it has not escaped a late ingenious traveller, that the
+character of the Scottish Fairy is more harsh and terrific than that
+which is ascribed to the elves of our sister kingdom.&mdash;See STODDART'S
+<i>View of Scenery and Manners in Scotland.</i></p>
+
+<p>The Fairies of Scotland are represented as a diminutive race of beings,
+of a mixed, or rather dubious nature, capricious in their dispositions,
+and mischievous in their resentment. They inhabit the interior of green
+hills, chiefly those of a conical form, in Gaelic termed <i>Sighan</i>, on
+which they lead their dances by moon-light; impressing upon the surface
+the mark of circles, which sometimes appear yellow and blasted,
+sometimes of a deep green hue; and within which it is dangerous to
+sleep, or to be found after sun-set. The removal of those large portions
+of turf, which thunderbolts sometimes scoop out of the ground with
+singular regularity, is also ascribed to their agency. Cattle, which are
+suddenly seized with the cramp, or some similar disorder, are said to be
+<i>elf-shot</i>; and the approved cure is, to chafe the parts affected with
+a blue bonnet, which, it may be readily believed, often restores the
+circulation. The triangular flints, frequently found in Scotland, with
+which the ancient inhabitants probably barbed their shafts, are supposed
+to be the weapons of Fairy resentment, and are termed <i>elf-arrow heads</i>.
+The rude brazen battle-axes of the ancients, commonly called <i>celts</i>,
+are also ascribed to their manufacture. But, like the Gothic duergar,
+their skill is not confined to the fabrication of arms; for they are
+heard sedulously hammering in linns, precipices, and rocky or cavernous
+situations where, like the dwarfs of the mines, mentioned by Georg.
+Agricola, they busy themselves in imitating the actions and the various
+employments of men. The brook of Beaumont, for example, which passes,
+in its course, by numerous linns and caverns, is notorious for being
+haunted by the Fairies; and the perforated and rounded stones, which are
+formed by trituration in its channel, are termed, by the vulgar, fairy
+cups and dishes. A beautiful reason is assigned, by Fletcher, for the
+fays frequenting streams and fountains. He tells us of</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The nimble-footed Fairies dance their rounds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By the pale moon-shine, dipping oftentimes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their stolen children, so to make them free</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">From dying flesh, and dull mortality.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Faithful Shepherdess.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>It is sometimes accounted unlucky to pass such places, without
+performing some ceremony to avert the displeasure of the elves. There
+is, upon the top of Minchmuir, a mountain in Peebles-shire, a spring,
+called the <i>Cheese Well</i>, because, anciently, those who passed that way
+were wont to throw into it a piece of cheese, as an offering to the
+Fairies, to whom it was consecrated.</p>
+
+<p>Like the <i>feld elfen</i> of the Saxons, the usual dress of the Fairies
+is green; though, on the moors, they have been sometimes observed in
+heath-brown, or in weeds dyed with the stoneraw, or lichen.<a name="FNanchor_A_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_55"><sup>[A]</sup></a> They
+often ride in invisible procession, when their presence is discovered by
+the shrill ringing of their bridles. On these occasions, they sometimes
+borrow mortal steeds; and when such are found at morning, panting and
+fatigued in their stalls, with their manes and tails dishevelled and
+entangled, the grooms, I presume, often find this a convenient excuse
+for their situation; as the common belief of the elves quaffing the
+choicest liquors in the cellars of the rich (see the story of Lord
+Duffus below), might occasionally cloak the delinquencies of an
+unfaithful butler.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_55">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Hence the hero of the ballad is termed an &quot;elfin grey.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<p>The Fairies, beside their equestrian processions, are addicted it would
+seem, to the pleasures of the chace. A young sailor, travelling by night
+from Douglas, in the Isle of Man, to visit his sister, residing in Kirk
+Merlugh, heard the noise of horses, the holla of a huntsman, and the
+sound of a horn. Immediately afterwards, thirteen horsemen, dressed in
+green, and gallantly mounted, swept past him. Jack was so much delighted
+with the sport, that he followed them, and enjoyed the sound of the horn
+for some miles; and it was not till he arrived at his sister's house
+that he learned the danger which he had incurred. I must not omit to
+mention, that these little personages are expert jockeys, and scorn to
+ride the little Manks ponies, though apparently well suited to their
+size. The exercise therefore, falls heavily upon the English and Irish
+horses brought into the Isle of Man. Mr Waldron was assured by a
+gentleman of Ballafletcher, that he had lost three or four capital
+hunters by these nocturnal excursions.&mdash;WALDRON'S <i>Works</i>, p. 132.
+From the same author we learn, that the Fairies sometimes take more
+legitimate modes of procuring horses. A person of the utmost integrity
+informed him, that, having occasion to sell a horse, he was accosted
+among the mountains by a little gentleman plainly dressed, who priced
+his horse, cheapened him, and, after some chaffering, finally purchased
+him. No sooner had the buyer mounted, and paid the price, than, he sunk
+through the earth, horse and man, to the astonishment and terror of the
+seller; who experienced, however, no inconvenience from dealing with so
+extraordinary a purchaser.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> p. 135.</p>
+
+<p>It is hoped the reader will receive, with due respect, these, and
+similar stories, told by Mr Waldron; for he himself, a scholar and a
+gentleman, informs us, &quot;as to circles in grass, and the impression
+of small feet among the snow, I cannot deny but I have seen them
+frequently, and once thought I heard a whistle, as though in my ear,
+when nobody that could make it was near me.&quot; In this passage there is a
+curious picture of the contagious effects of a superstitious atmosphere.
+Waldron had lived so long among the Manks, that he was almost persuaded
+to believe their legends.</p>
+
+<p>From the <i>History of the Irish Bards</i>, by Mr Walker, and from the
+glossary subjoined to the lively and ingenious <i>Tale of Castle
+Rackrent</i>, we learn, that the same ideas, concerning Fairies, are
+current among the vulgar in that country. The latter authority mentions
+their inhabiting the ancient tumuli, called <i>Barrows</i>, and their
+abstracting mortals. They are termed &quot;the good people;&quot; and when an eddy
+of wind raises loose dust and sand, the vulgar believe that it announces
+a Fairy procession, and bid God speed their journey.</p>
+
+<p>The Scottish Fairies, in like manner, sometimes reside in subterranean
+abodes, in the vicinity of human habitations or, according to the
+popular phrase, under the &quot;door-stane,&quot; or threshold; in which
+situation, they sometimes establish an intercourse with men, by
+borrowing and lending, and other kindly offices. In this capacity they
+are termed &quot;the good neighbours,&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_56"><sup>[A]</sup></a> from supplying privately the wants
+of their friends, and assisting them in all their transactions, while
+their favours are concealed. Of this the traditionary story of Sir
+Godfrey Macculloch forms a curious example.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_56">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Perhaps this epithet is only one example, among many, of
+the extreme civility which the vulgar in Scotland use towards spirits of
+a, dubious, or even a determinedly mischievous, nature. The archfiend
+himself is often distinguished by the softened title of the &quot;good-man.&quot;
+This epithet, so applied, must sound strange to a southern ear; but, as
+the phrase bears various interpretations, according to the places where
+it is used, so, in the Scottish dialect, the <i>good-man of such a place</i>
+signifies the tenant, or life-renter, in opposition to the laird, or
+proprietor. Hence, the devil is termed the good-man, or tenant, of the
+infernal regions. In the book of the Universal Kirk, 13th May, 1594,
+mention is made of &quot;the horrible superstitioune usit in Garioch, and
+dyvers parts of the countrie, in not labouring a parcel of ground
+dedicated to the devil, under the title of the <i>Guid-man's Croft</i>.&quot; Lord
+Hailes conjectured this to have been the <i>tenenos</i> adjoining to some
+ancient Pagan temple. The unavowed, but obvious, purpose of this
+practice, was to avert the destructive rage of Satan from the
+neighbouring possessions. It required various fulminations of the
+General Assembly of the Kirk to abolish a practice bordering so nearly
+upon the doctrine of the Magi.</p></div>
+
+<p>As this Gallovidian gentleman was taking the air on horseback, near his
+own house, he was suddenly accosted by a little old man, arrayed in
+green, and mounted upon a white palfrey. After mutual salutation, the
+old man gave Sir Godfrey to understand, that he resided under his
+habitation, and that he had great reason to complain of the direction of
+a drain, or common sewer, which emptied itself directly into his chamber
+of dais, <a name="FNanchor_A_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_57"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Sir Godfrey Macculloch was a good deal startled at this
+extraordinary complaint; but, guessing the nature of the being he had
+to deal with, he assured the old man, with great courtesy, that the
+direction of the drain should be altered; and caused it be done
+accordingly. Many years afterwards, Sir Godfrey had the misfortune to
+kill, in a fray, a gentleman of the neighbourhood. He was apprehended,
+tried, and condemned.<a name="FNanchor_B_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_58"><sup>[B]</sup></a> The scaffold, upon which his head was to be
+struck off, was erected on the Castle-hill of Edinburgh; but hardly had
+he reached the fatal spot, when the old man, upon his white palfrey,
+pressed through the crowd, with the rapidity of lightning. Sir Godfrey,
+at his command, sprung on behind him; the &quot;good neighbour&quot; spurred his
+horse down the steep bank, and neither he nor the criminal were ever
+again seen.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_57">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The best chamber was thus currently denominated in
+Scotland, from the French <i>dais</i>, signifying that part of the ancient
+halls which was elevated above the rest, and covered with a canopy.
+The turf-seats, which occupy the sunny side of a cottage wall, is also
+termed the <i>dais</i>.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_58">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> In this particular, tradition coincides with the real fact;
+the trial took place in 1697.</p></div>
+
+<p>The most formidable attribute of the elves, was their practice of
+carrying away, and exchanging, children; and that of stealing human
+souls from their bodies. &quot;A persuasion prevails among the ignorant,&quot;
+says the author of a MS. history of Moray, &quot;that, in a consumptive
+disease, the Fairies steal away the soul, and put the soul of a Fairy in
+the room of it.&quot; This belief prevails chiefly along the eastern coast of
+Scotland, where a practice, apparently of druidical origin, is used to
+avert the danger. In the increase of the March moon, withies of oak and
+ivy are cut, and twisted into wreaths or circles, which they preserve
+till next March. After that period, when persons are consumptive, or
+children hectic, they cause them to pass thrice through these circles.
+In other cases the cure was more rough, and at least as dangerous as the
+disease, as will appear from the following extract:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;There is one thing remarkable in this parish of Suddie (in
+Inverness-shire), which I think proper to mention. There is a small hill
+N.W. from the church, commonly called Therdy Hill, or Hill of Therdie,
+as some term it; on the top of which there is a well, which I had the
+curiosity to view, because of the several reports concerning it. When
+children happen to be sick, and languish long in their malady, so that
+they almost turned skeletons, the common people imagine they are taken
+away (at least the substance) by spirits, called Fairies, and the shadow
+left with them; so, at a particular season in summer, they leave them
+all night themselves, watching at a distance, near this well, and this
+they imagine will either <i>end or mend them</i>; they say many more do
+recover than do not. Yea, an honest tenant who lives hard by it, and
+whom I had the curiosity to discourse about it, told me it has recovered
+some, who were about eight or nine years of age, and to his certain
+knowledge they bring adult persons to it; for, as he was passing one
+dark night, he heard groanings, and coming to the well, he found a man,
+who had been long sick, wrapped in a plaid, so that he could scarcely
+move, a stake being fixed in the earth, with a rope, or tedder, that was
+about the plaid; he had no sooner enquired what he was, but he conjured
+him to loose him, and out of sympathy he was pleased to slacken that,
+wherein he was, as I may so speak, swaddled; but, if I right remember,
+he signified, he did not recover.&quot;&mdash;<i>Account of the Parish of Suddie,</i>
+apud <i>Macfarlane's MSS.</i></p>
+
+<p>According to the earlier doctrine, concerning the original corruption of
+human nature, the power of daemons over infants had been long reckoned
+considerable, in the period intervening between birth and baptism.
+During this period, therefore, children were believed to be particularly
+liable to abstraction by the Fairies, and mothers chiefly dreaded the
+substitution of changelings in the place of their own offspring. Various
+monstrous charms existed in Scotland, for procuring the restoration of a
+child, which had been thus stolen; but the most efficacious of them was
+supposed to be, the roasting of the suppositious child upon the live
+embers, when it was believed it would vanish, and the true child appear
+in the place, whence it had been originally abstracted.<a name="FNanchor_A_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_59"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_59">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Less perilous recipes were sometimes used. The editor is
+possessed of a small relique, termed by tradition a toad-stone, the
+influence of which was supposed to preserve pregnant women from the
+power of daemons, and other dangers incidental to their situation. It
+has been carefully preserved for several generations, was often pledged
+for considerable sums of money, and uniformly redeemed, from a belief in
+its efficacy.</p></div>
+
+<p>The most minute and authenticated account of an exchanged child is to be
+found in Waldron's <i>Isle of Man</i>, a book from which I have derived much
+legendary information. &quot;I was prevailed upon myself,&quot; says that author,
+&quot;to go and see a child, who, they told me, was one of these changelings,
+and, indeed, must own, was not a little surprised, as well as shocked,
+at the sight. Nothing under heaven could have a more beautiful face;
+but, though between five and six years old, and seemingly healthy, he
+was so far from being able to walk or stand, that he could not so much
+as move any one joint; his limbs were vastly long for his age, but
+smaller than any infant's of six months; his complexion was perfectly
+delicate, and he had the finest hair in the world. He never spoke nor
+cried, ate scarce any thing, and was very seldom seen to smile; but if
+any one called him a <i>fairy-elf</i>, he would frown, and fix his eyes so
+earnestly on those who said it, as if he would look them through. His
+mother, or at least his supposed mother, being very poor, frequently
+went out a chareing, and left him a whole day together. The neighbours,
+out of curiosity, have often looked in at the window, to see how he
+behaved while alone; which, whenever they did, they were sure to find
+him laughing, and in the utmost delight. This made them judge that he
+was not without company, more pleasing to him than any mortals could be;
+and what made this conjecture seem the more reasonable, was, that if he
+were left ever so dirty, the woman, at her return, saw him with a clean
+face, and his hair combed with the utmost exactness and nicety.&quot; P. 128.</p>
+
+<p>Waldron gives another account of a poor woman, to whose offspring, it
+would seem, the Fairies had taken a special fancy. A few nights after
+she was delivered of her first child, the family were alarmed by a
+dreadful cry of &quot;Fire!&quot; All flew to the door, while the mother lay
+trembling in bed, unable to protect her infant, which was snatched from
+the bed by an invisible hand. Fortunately the return of the gossips,
+after the causeless alarm, disturbed the Fairies, who dropped the child,
+which was found sprawling and shrieking upon the threshold. At the good
+woman's second <i>accouchement</i>, a tumult was heard in the cow-house,
+which drew thither the whole assistants. They returned, when they found
+that all was quiet among the cattle, and lo! the second child had been
+carried from the bed, and dropped in the middle of the lane. But, upon
+the third occurrence of the same kind, the company were again decoyed
+out of the sick woman's chamber by a false alarm, leaving only a nurse,
+who was detained by the bonds of sleep. On this last occasion, the
+mother plainly saw her child removed, though the means were invisible.
+She screamed for assistance to the nurse; but the old lady had partaken
+too deeply of the cordials which circulate on such joyful occasions, to
+be easily awakened. In short, the child was this time fairly carried
+off, and a withered, deformed creature, left in its stead, quite naked,
+with the clothes of the abstracted infant, rolled in a bundle, by its
+side. This creature lived nine years, ate nothing but a few herbs,
+and neither spoke, stood, walked nor performed any other functions
+of mortality; resembling, in all respects, the changeling already
+mentioned.&mdash;WALDRON'S <i>Works, ibid.</i></p>
+
+<p>But the power of the Fairies was not confined to unchristened children
+alone; it was supposed frequently to extend to full grown persons,
+especially such as, in an unlucky hour, were devoted to the devil by the
+execration of parents, and of masters;<a name="FNanchor_A_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_60"><sup>[A]</sup></a> or those who were found asleep
+under a rock, or on a green hill, belonging to the Fairies, after
+sun-set; or, finally, to those who unwarily joined their orgies. A
+tradition existed, during the seventeenth century, concerning an
+ancestor of the noble family of Duffus, who, &quot;walking abroad in the
+fields, near to his own house, was suddenly carried away, and found the
+next day at Paris, in the French king's cellar, with a silver cup in his
+hand. Being brought into the king's presence, and questioned by him who
+he was, and how he came thither, he told his name, his country, and the
+place of his residence; and that, on such a day of the month, which
+proved to be the day immediately preceding, being in the fields, he
+heard the noise of a whirlwind, and of voices, crying, <i>'Horse and
+Hattock!'</i> (this is the word which the Fairies are said to use when they
+remove from any place), whereupon he cried, <i>'Horse and Hattock'</i> also,
+and was immediately caught up, and transported through the air, by the
+Fairies, to that place, where, after he had drunk heartily, he fell
+asleep, and, before he woke, the rest of the company were gone, and had
+left him in the posture wherein he was found. It is said the king gave
+him the cup, which was found in his hand, and dismissed him.&quot; The
+narrator affirms, &quot;that the cup was still preserved, and known by the
+name of the <i>Fairy cup</i>.&quot; He adds, that Mr Steward, tutor to the then
+Lord Duffus, had informed him, &quot;that, when a boy, at the school of
+Forres, he, and his school-fellows, were upon a time whipping their tops
+in the church-yard, before the door of the church, when, though the day
+was calm, they heard a noise of a wind, and at some distance saw
+the small dust begin to rise and turn round, which motion continued
+advancing till it came to the place where they were, whereupon they
+began to bless themselves; but one of their number being, it seems, a
+little more bold and confident than his companions, said, <i>'Horse and
+Hattock, with my top,'</i> and immediately they all saw the top lifted up
+from the ground, but could not see which way it was carried, by reason
+of a cloud of dust which was raised at the same time. They sought for
+the top all about the place where it was taken up, but in vain; and
+it was found afterwards in the church-yard, on the other side of the
+church.&quot;&mdash;This puerile legend is contained in a letter from a learned
+gentleman in Scotland, to Mr Aubrey, dated 15th March, 1695, published
+in AUBREY'S <i>Miscellanies,</i> p. 158.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_60">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This idea is not peculiar to the Gothic tribes, but extends
+to those of Sclavic origin. Tooke (<i>History of Russia,</i> Vol. I. p.
+100) relates, that the Russian peasants believe the nocturnal daemon,
+<i>Kikimora</i>, to have been a child, whom the devil stole out of the womb
+of its mother, because she had cursed it. They also assert, that if
+an execration against a child be spoken in an evil hour, the child is
+carried off by the devil. The beings, so stolen, are neither fiends nor
+men; they are invisible, and afraid of the cross and holy water; but, on
+the other hand, in their nature and dispositions they resemble mankind,
+whom they love, and rarely injure.</p></div>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding the special example of Lord Duffus, and of the top, it
+is the common opinion, that persons, falling under the power of the
+Fairies, were only allowed to revisit the haunts of men, after
+seven years had expired. At the end of seven years more, they again
+disappeared, after which they were seldom seen among mortals. The
+accounts they gave of their situation, differ in some particulars.
+Sometimes they were represented as leading a life of constant
+restlessness, and wandering by moon-light. According to others, they
+inhabited a pleasant region, where, however, their situation was
+rendered horrible, by the sacrifice of one or more individuals to the
+devil, every seventh year. This circumstance is mentioned in Alison
+Pearson's indictment, and in the <i>Tale of the Young Tamlane,</i> where
+it is termed, &quot;the paying the kane to hell,&quot; or, according to some
+recitations, &quot;the teind,&quot; or tenth. This is the popular reason assigned
+for the desire of the Fairies to abstract young children, as substitutes
+for themselves in this dreadful tribute. Concerning the mode of winning,
+or recovering, persons abstracted by the Fairies, tradition differs; but
+the popular opinion, contrary to what may be inferred from the following
+tale, supposes, that the recovery must be effected within a year and a
+day, to be held legal in the Fairy court. This feat, which was reckoned
+an enterprize of equal difficulty and danger, could only be accomplished
+on Hallowe'en, at the great annual procession of the Fairy court.<a name="FNanchor_A_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_61"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+Of this procession the following description is found in Montgomery's
+<i>Flyting against Polwart,</i> apud <i>Watson's Collection of Scots Poems,</i>
+1709, Part III. p. 12.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In the hinder end of harvest, on All-hallowe'en,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">When our <i>good neighbours</i> dois ride, if I read right.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some buckled on a bunewand, and some on a been,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ay trottand in tronps from the twilight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some saidled a she-ape, all grathed into green,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Some hobland on a hemp-stalk, hovand to the hight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king of Pharie and his court, with the Elf queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">With many elfish incubus was ridand that night.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There an elf on an ape, an unsel begat.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Into a pot by Pomathorne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That bratchart in a busse was born;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They fand a monster on the morn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">War faced nor a cat.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_61">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> See the inimitable poem of Hallowe'en:&mdash;
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Upon that night, when Fairies light</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">On Cassilis Downan dance;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or o'er the leas, in splendid blaze,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">On stately coursers prance,&quot; &amp;c.&nbsp; &nbsp; <i>Burns.</i></span></p></div><br>
+
+<p>The catastrophe of <i>Tamlane</i> terminated more successfully than that of
+other attempts, which tradition still records. The wife of a farmer in
+Lothian had been carried off by the Fairies, and, during the year of
+probation, repeatedly appeared on Sunday, in the midst of her children,
+combing their hair. On one of these occasions she was accosted by
+her husband; when she related to him the unfortunate event which had
+separated them, instructed him by what means he might win her, and
+exhorted him to exert all his courage, since her temporal and eternal
+happiness depended on the success of his attempt. The farmer, who
+ardently loved his wife, set out on Hallow-e'en and, in the midst of a
+plot of furze, waited impatiently for the procession of the Fairies. At
+the ringing of the Fairy bridles, and the wild unearthly sound which
+accompanied the cavalcade, his heart failed him, and he suffered the
+ghostly train to pass by without interruption. When the last had rode
+past, the whole troop vanished, with loud shouts of laughter and
+exultation; among which he plainly discovered the voice of his wife,
+lamenting that he had lost her for ever.</p>
+
+<p>A similar, but real incident, took place at the town of North Berwick,
+within the memory of man. The wife of a man, above the lowest class of
+society, being left alone in the house, a few days after delivery, was
+attacked and carried off by one of those convulsion fits, incident to
+her situation. Upon the return of the family, who had been engaged in
+hay-making, or harvest, they found the corpse much disfigured. This
+circumstance, the natural consequence of her disease, led some of the
+spectators to think that she had been carried off by the Fairies,
+and that the body before them was some elfin deception. The husband,
+probably, paid little attention to this opinion at the time. The body
+was interred, and, after a decent time had elapsed, finding his domestic
+affairs absolutely required female superintendence, the widower paid
+his addresses to a young woman in the neighbourhood. The recollection,
+however, of his former wife, whom he had tenderly loved, haunted his
+slumbers; and, one morning, he came to the clergyman of the parish in
+the utmost dismay, declaring, that she had appeared to him the preceding
+night, informed him that she was a captive in Fairy Land, and conjured
+him to attempt her deliverance. She directed him to bring the minister,
+and certain other persons, whom she named, to her grave at midnight. Her
+body was then to be dug up, and certain prayers recited; after which the
+corpse was to become animated, and fly from them. One of the assistants,
+the swiftest runner in the parish, was to pursue the body; and, if he
+was able to seize it, before it had thrice encircled the church, the
+rest were to come to his assistance, and detain it, in spite of the
+struggles it should use, and the various shapes into which it might be
+transformed. The redemption of the abstracted person was then to become
+complete. The minister, a sensible man, argued with his parishioner upon
+the indecency and absurdity of what was proposed, and dismissed him.
+Next Sunday, the banns being for the first time proclaimed betwixt the
+widower and his new bride, his former wife, very naturally, took the
+opportunity of the following night to make him another visit, yet more
+terrific than the former. She upbraided him with his incredulity, his
+fickleness, and his want of affection; and, to convince him that her
+appearance was no a&euml;rial illusion, she gave suck, in his presence, to
+her youngest child. The man, under the greatest horror of mind, had
+again recourse to the pastor; and his ghostly counsellor fell upon
+an admirable expedient to console him. This was nothing less than
+dispensing with the further solemnity of banns, and marrying him,
+without an hour's delay, to the young woman to whom he was affianced;
+after which no spectre again disturbed his repose.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<p>Having concluded these general observations upon the Fairy superstition,
+which, although minute, may not, I hope, be deemed altogether
+uninteresting, I proceed to the more particular illustrations, relating
+to the <i>Tale of the Young Tamlane.</i></p>
+
+<p>The following ballad, still popular in Ettrick Forest, where the scene
+is laid, is certainly of much greater antiquity than its phraseology,
+gradually modernized as transmitted by tradition, would seem to denote.
+The <i>Tale of the Young Tamlane</i> is mentioned in the <i>Complaynt of
+Scotland;</i> and the air, to which it was chaunted, seems to have been
+accommodated to a particular dance; for the dance of <i>Thorn of
+Lynn</i>, another variation of <i>Thomalin</i>, likewise occurs in the same
+performance. Like every popular subject, it seems to have been
+frequently parodied; and a burlesque ballad, beginning</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tom o' the Linn was a Scotsman born,&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>is still well known.</p>
+
+<p>In a medley, contained in a curious and ancient MS. cantus, <i>penes</i> J.G.
+Dalyell, Esq., there is an allusion to our ballad:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sing young Thomlin, be merry, be merry, and twice so merry.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>In <i>Scottish Songs</i>, 1774, a part of the original tale was published,
+under the title of <i>Kerton Ha';</i> a corruption of Carterhaugh; and,
+in the same collection, there is a fragment, containing two or three
+additional verses, beginning,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll wager, I'll wager, I'll wager with you,&quot; &amp;c.</span><br>
+
+<p>In Johnson's <i>Musical Museum</i>, a more complete copy occurs, under the
+title of <i>Thom Linn</i>, which, with some alterations was reprinted in the
+<i>Tales of Wonder</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The present edition is the most perfect which has yet appeared; being
+prepared from a collation of the printed copies, with a very accurate
+one in Glenriddell's MSS., and with several recitals from tradition.
+Some verses are omitted in this edition, being ascertained to belong to
+a separate ballad, which will be found in a subsequent part of the work.
+In one recital only, the well known fragment of the <i>Wee, wee Man</i>,
+was introduced, in the same measure with the rest of the poem. It was
+retained in the first edition, but is now omitted; as the editor has
+been favoured, by the learned Mr Ritson, with a copy of the original
+poem, of which it is a detached fragment. The editor has been enabled to
+add several verses of beauty and interest to this edition of <i>Tamlane</i>,
+in consequence of a copy, obtained from a gentleman residing near
+Langholm, which is said to be very ancient, though the diction is
+somewhat of a modern cast. The manners of the Fairies are detailed at
+considerable length, and in poetry of no common merit.</p>
+
+<p>Carterhaugh is a plain, at the conflux of the Ettrick and Yarrow, in
+Selkirkshire, about a mile above Selkirk, and two miles below Newark
+Castle; a romantic ruin, which overhangs the Yarrow, and which is said
+to have been the habitation of our heroine's father, though others place
+his residence in the tower of Oakwood. The peasants point out, upon the
+plain, those electrical rings, which vulgar credulity supposes to be
+traces of the Fairy revels. Here, they say, were placed the stands of
+milk, and of water, in which <i>Tamlane</i> was dipped, in order to effect
+the disenchantment; and upon these spots, according to their mode of
+expressing themselves, the grass will never grow. Miles Cross (perhaps a
+corruption of Mary's Cross), where fair Janet waited the arrival of the
+Fairy train, is said to have stood near the duke of Buccleuch's seat of
+Bowhill, about half a mile from Carterhaugh. In no part of Scotland,
+indeed, has the belief in Fairies maintained its ground with more
+pertinacity than in Selkirkshire. The most sceptical among the lower
+ranks only venture to assert, that their appearances, and mischievous
+exploits, have ceased, or at least become infrequent, since the light of
+the Gospel was diffused in its purity. One of their frolics is said to
+have happened late in the last century. The victim of elfin sport was a
+poor man, who, being employed in pulling heather upon Peatlaw, a hill
+not far from Carterhaugh, had tired of his labour, and laid him down
+to sleep upon a Fairy ring.&mdash;When he awakened, he was amazed to find
+himself in the midst of a populous city, to which, as well as to the
+means of his transportation, he was an utter stranger. His coat was left
+upon the Peatlaw; and his bonnet, which had fallen off in the course of
+his a&euml;rial journey, was afterwards found hanging upon the steeple of
+the church of Lanark. The distress of the poor man was, in some degree,
+relieved, by meeting a carrier, whom he had formerly known, and who
+conducted him back to Selkirk, by a slower conveyance than had whirled
+him to Glasgow.&mdash;That he had been carried off by the Fairies, was
+implicitly believed by all, who did not reflect, that a man may have
+private reasons for leaving his own country, and for disguising his
+having intentionally done so.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE YOUNG TAMLANE</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O I forbid ye, maidens a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That wear gowd on your hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To come or gae by Carterhaugh;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For young Tamlane is there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There's nane, that gaes by Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But maun leave him a wad;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Either goud rings or green mantles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or else their maidenheid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now, gowd rings ye may buy, maidens,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Green mantles ye may spin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, gin ye lose your maidenheid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ye'll ne'er get that agen.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up then spak her, fair Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fairest o' a' her kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll cum and gang to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And ask nae leave o' him.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Janet has kilted her green kirtle,<a name="FNanchor_A_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_62"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune her knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has braided her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune her bree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when she cam to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She gaed beside the well;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there she fand his steed standing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But away was himsell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna pu'd a red red rose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A rose but barely three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till up and starts a wee wee man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">At Lady Janet's knee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Why pu' ye the rose, Janet?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;What gars ye break the tree?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or why come ye to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Withoutten leave o' me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Carterhaugh it is mine ain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My daddie gave it me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll come and gang to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And ask nae leave o' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Amang the leaves sae green;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And what they did I cannot tell&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The green leaves were between.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Amang the roses red;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And what they did I cannot say&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She ne'er returned a maid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she cam to her father's ha',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She looked pale and wan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They thought she'd dried some sair sickness,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or been wi' some leman.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She didna comb her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nor make meikle o' her heid;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ilka thing, that lady took,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Was like to be her deid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Its four and twenty ladies fair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Were playing at the ba';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Janet, the wightest of them anes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Was faintest o' them a'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Four and twenty ladies fair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Were playing at the chess;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out there came the fair Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As green as any grass.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out and spak an auld gray-headed knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lay o'er the castle wa'&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ever alas! for thee, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But we'll be blamed a'!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now haud your tongue, ye auld gray knight!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And an ill deid may ye die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Father my bairn on whom I will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll father nane on thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out then spak her father dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he spak meik and mild&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ever alas! my sweet Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I fear ye gae with child.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, if I be with child, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Mysell maun bear the blame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's ne'er a knight about your ha'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Shall hae the bairnie's name.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I be with child, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;'Twill prove a wondrous birth;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For well I swear I'm not wi' bairn</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To any man on earth.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If my love were an earthly knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As he's an elfin grey,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wadna gie my ain true love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For nae lord that ye hae.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She princked hersell and prinn'd hersell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">By the ae light of the moon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she's away to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To speak wi' young Tamlane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when she cam to Carterhaugh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She gaed beside the well;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there she saw the steed standing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But away was himsell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna pu'd a double rose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A rose but only twae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When up and started young Tamlane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Lady, thou pu's nae mae!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Why pu' ye the rose, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Within this garden grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And a' to kill the bonny babe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That we got us between?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The truth ye'll tell to me, Tamlane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A word ye mauna lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin ye're ye was in haly chapel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or sained<a name="FNanchor_B_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_63"><sup>[B]</sup></a> in Christentie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The truth I'll tell to thee, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A word I winna lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A knight me got, and a lady me bore,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As well as they did thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Dunbar, Earl March, is thine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We loved when we were children small,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Which yet you well may mind.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When I was a boy just turned of nine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My uncle sent for me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To hunt, and hawk, and ride with him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And keep him cumpanie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There came a wind out of the north,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A sharp wind and a snell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And a dead sleep came over me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And frae my horse I fell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The Queen of Fairies keppit me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In yon green hill to dwell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'm a Fairy, lyth and limb;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Fair ladye, view me well.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But we, that live in Fairy-land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;No sickness know, nor pain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I quit my body when I will,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And take to it again.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I quit my body when I please,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or unto it repair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We can inhabit, at our ease,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In either earth or air.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Our shapes and size we can convert,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To either large or small;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An old nut-shell's the same to us,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As is the lofty hall.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We sleep in rose-buds, soft and sweet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;We revel in the stream;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We wanton lightly on the wind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or glide on a sunbeam.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And all our wants are well supplied,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;From every rich man's store,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Who thankless sins the gifts he gets,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And vainly grasps for more.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then would I never tire, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;In elfish land to dwell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But aye at every seven years,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They pay the teind to hell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I am sae fat, and fair of flesh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I fear 'twill be mysell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This night is Hallowe'en, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The morn is Hallowday;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, gin ye dare your true love win,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye hae na time to stay.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night it is good Hallowe'en,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;When fairy folk will ride;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And they, that wad their true love win,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;At Miles Cross they maun bide.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But how shall I thee ken, Tamlane?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or how shall I thee knaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Amang so many unearthly knights,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The like I never saw.?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The first company, that passes by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Say na, and let them gae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The next company, that passes by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Say na, and do right sae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The third company, that passes by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Than I'll be ane o' thae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;First let pass the black, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And syne let pass the brown;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But grip ye to the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And pu' the rider down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I ride on the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And ay nearest the town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Because I was a christened knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They gave me that renown.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My right hand will be gloved, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My left hand will be bare;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And these the tokens I gie thee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nae doubt I will be there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An adder and a snake;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, let me not pass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gin ye wad be my maik.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An adder and an ask;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A bale<a name="FNanchor_C_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_64"><sup>[C]</sup></a> that burns fast.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A red-hot gad o' aim;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, let me not pass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I'll do you no harm.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;First, dip me in a stand o' milk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And then in a stand o' water;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, let me not pass&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll be your bairn's father.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, next, they'll shape me in your arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A toad, but and an eel;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had me fast, nor let me gang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As you do love me weel.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll shape me in your arms, Janet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A dove, but and a swan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, last, they'll shape me in your arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A mother-naked man:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Cast your green mantle over me&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I'll be mysell again.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gloomy, gloomy, was the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And eiry<a name="FNanchor_D_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_65"><sup>[D]</sup></a> was the way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As fair Janet, in her green mantle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To Miles Cross she did gae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The heavens were black, the night was dark,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And dreary was the place;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But Janet stood, with eager wish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her lover to embrace.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Betwixt the hours of twelve and one,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A north wind tore the bent;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And straight she heard strange elritch sounds</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Upon that wind which went.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About the dead hour o' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She heard the bridles ring;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Janet was as glad o' that,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As any earthly thing!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their oaten pipes blew wondrous shrill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The hemlock small blew clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And louder notes from hemlock large,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And bog-reed struck the ear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But solemn sounds, or sober thoughts,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The Fairies cannot bear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They sing, inspired with love and joy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Like sky-larks in the air;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of solid sense, or thought that's grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">You'll find no traces there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Janet stood, with mind unmoved,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The dreary heath upon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And louder, louder, wax'd the sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As they came riding on.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will o' Wisp before them went,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sent forth a twinkling light;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And soon she saw the Fairy bands</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">All riding in her sight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And first gaed by the black black steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And then gaed by the brown;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But fast she gript the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And pu'd the rider down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She pu'd him frae the milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loot the bridle fa';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And up there raise an erlish<a name="FNanchor_E_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_66"><sup>[E]</sup></a> cry&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;He's won amang us a'!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They shaped him in fair Janet's arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An esk<a name="FNanchor_F_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_67"><sup>[F]</sup></a>, but and an adder;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She held him fast in every shape&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To be her bairn's father.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They shaped him in her arms at last,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A mother-naked man;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She wrapt him in her green mantle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And sae her true love wan.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then spake the Queen o' Fairies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Out o' a bush o' broom&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She that has borrowed young Tamlane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Has gotten a stately groom.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then spake the Queen of Fairies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Out o' a bush of rye&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She's ta'en awa the bonniest knight</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">In a' my cumpanie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But had I kenn'd, Tamlane,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A lady wad borrowed thee&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wad ta'en out thy twa gray een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Put in twa een o' tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Had I but kenn'd, Tamlane,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Before ye came frae hame&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wad tane out your heart o' flesh,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Put in a heart o' stane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Had I but had the wit yestreen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That I hae coft<a name="FNanchor_G_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_68"><sup>[G]</sup></a> the day&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'd paid my kane seven times to hell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ere you'd been won away!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_62">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The ladies are always represented, in Dunbar's Poems, with
+green mantles and yellow hair. <i>Maitland Poems,</i> Vol. I. p. 45.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_63">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sained</i>&mdash;Hallowed.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_64">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Bale</i>&mdash;A faggot.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_65">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Eiry</i>&mdash;Producing superstitious dread.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_66">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Erlish</i>&mdash;Elritch, ghastly.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_F_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_67">[F]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Esk</i>&mdash;Newt.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_G_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_68">[G]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Coft</i>&mdash;Bought.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE YOUNG TAMLANE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Dunbar, Earl March, is thine,</i> &amp;c.&mdash;P. 185, v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>Both these mighty chiefs were connected with Ettrick Forest, and its
+vicinity. Their memory, therefore, lived in the traditions of the
+country. Randolph, earl of Murray, the renowned nephew of Robert Bruce,
+had a castle at Ha' Guards, in Annandale, and another in Peebles-shire,
+on the borders of the forest, the site of which is still called
+Randall's Walls. Patrick of Dunbar, earl of March, is said by Henry the
+Minstrel, to have retreated to Ettrick Forest, after being defeated by
+Wallace.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>And all our wants are well supplied,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>From every rich man's store;</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Who thankless sins the gifts he gets, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;P. 187. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>To <i>sin our gifts, or mercies</i>, means, ungratefully to hold them in
+slight esteem. The idea, that the possessions of the wicked are most
+obnoxious to the depredations of evil spirits, may be illustrated by the
+following tale of a <i>Buttery Spirit</i>, extracted from Thomas Heywood:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>An ancient and virtuous monk came to visit his nephew, an inn-keeper,
+and, after other discourse, enquired into his circumstances. Mine host
+confessed, that, although he practised all the unconscionable tricks of
+his trade, he was still miserably poor. The monk shook his head, and
+asked to see his buttery, or larder. As they looked into it, he rendered
+visible to the astonished host an immense goblin, whose paunch,
+and whole appearance, bespoke his being gorged with food, and who,
+nevertheless, was gormandizing at the innkeeper's expence, emptying
+whole shelves of food, and washing it down with entire hogsheads of
+liquor. &quot;To the depredation of this visitor will thy viands be exposed,&quot;
+quoth the uncle, &quot;until thou shalt abandon fraud, and false reckonings.&quot;
+The monk returned in a year. The host having turned over a new leaf, and
+given christian measure to his customers, was now a thriving man. When
+they again inspected the larder, they saw the same spirit, but woefully
+reduced in size, and in vain attempting to reach at the full plates and
+bottles, which stood around him; starving, in short, like Tantalus, in
+the midst of plenty. Honest Heywood sums up the tale thus:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In this discourse, far be it we should mean</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Spirits by meat are fatted made, or lean;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet certain 'tis, by God's permission, they</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May, over goods extorted, bear like sway.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All such as study fraud, and practise evil,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Do only starve themselves to plumpe the devill.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,</i> p. 577.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>ERLINTON. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is published from the collation of two copies, obtained from
+recitation. It seems to be the rude original, or perhaps a corrupted
+and imperfect copy, of <i>The Child of Elle</i>, a beautiful legendary tale,
+published in the <i>Reliques of Ancient Poetry</i>. It is singular, that
+this charming ballad should have been translated, or imitated, by the
+celebrated B&uuml;rger, without acknowledgment of the English original. As
+<i>The Child of Elle</i> avowedly received corrections, we may ascribe its
+greatest beauties to the poetical taste of the ingenious editor. They
+are in the truest stile of Gothic embellishment. We may compare, for
+example, the following beautiful verse, with the same idea in an old
+romance:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The baron stroked his dark-brown cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And turned his face aside,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To wipe away the starting tear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He proudly strove to hide!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Child of Elle.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>The heathen Soldan, or Amiral, when about to slay two lovers, relents in
+a similar manner:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Weeping, he turned his heued awai,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his swerde hit fel to grounde.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Florice and Blauncheflour.</i></span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>ERLINTON.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Erlinton had a fair daughter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wat he weird her in a great sin,<a name="FNanchor_A_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_69"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he has built a bigly bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' a' to put that lady in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he has warn'd her sisters six,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' sae has he her brethren se'en,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Outher to watch her a' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or else to seek her morn an' e'en.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna been i' that bigly bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Na not a night, but barely ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till there was Willie, her ain true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Chapp'd at the door, cryin', &quot;Peace within!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O whae is this at my bower door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That chaps sae late, nor kens the gin?&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_70"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O it is Willie, your ain true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I pray you rise an' let me in!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But in my bower there is a wake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' at the wake there is a wane;<a name="FNanchor_C_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_71"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I'll come to the green-wood the morn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Whar blooms the brier by mornin' dawn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she's gane to her bed again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Where she has layen till the cock crew thrice,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she said to her sisters a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Maidens, 'tis time for us to rise.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She pat on her back a silken gown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' on her breast a siller pin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' she's tane a sister in ilka hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' to the green-wood she is gane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna walk'd in the green-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Na not a mile but barely ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till there was Willie, her ain true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Whae frae her sisters has her ta'en.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took her sisters by the hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He kiss'd them baith, an' sent them hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he's ta'en his true love him behind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And through the green-wood they are gane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hadna ridden in the bonnie green-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Na not a mile but barely ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When there came fifteen o' the boldest knights.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That ever bare flesh, blood, or bane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The foremost was an aged knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He wore the grey hair on his chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says, &quot;Yield to me thy lady bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An' thou shalt walk the woods within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For me to yield my lady bright</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To such an aged knight as thee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;People wad think I war gane mad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or a' the courage flown frae me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up then spake the second knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wat he spake right boustouslie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yield me thy life, or thy lady bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or here the tane of us shall die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My lady is my warld's meed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My life I winna yield to nane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if ye be men of your manhead,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye'll only fight me ane by ane.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He lighted aff his milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' gae his lady him by the head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Say'n, &quot;See ye dinna change your cheer;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Until ye see my body bleed.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He set his back unto an aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He set his feet against a stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' he has fought these fifteen men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' kill'd them a' but barely ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he has left that aged knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">An' a' to carry the tidings hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he gaed to his lady fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">I wat he kiss'd her tenderlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou art mine ain love, I have thee bought;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Now we shall walk the green-wood free.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_69">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Weird her in a great sin</i>&mdash;Placed her in danger of
+committing a great sin.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_70">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Gin</i>&mdash;The slight or trick necessary to open the door, from
+engine.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_71">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Wane</i>&mdash;A number of people.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE TWA CORBIES.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This poem was communicated to me by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq.
+jun. of Hoddom, as written down, from tradition, by a lady. It is a
+singular circumstance, that it should coincide so very nearly with the
+ancient dirge, called <i>The Three Ravens</i>, published by Mr Ritson, in his
+<i>Ancient Songs;</i> and that, at the same time, there should exist such a
+difference, as to make the one appear rather a counterpart than copy of
+the other. In order to enable the curious reader to contrast these two
+singular poems, and to form a judgment which may be the original, I take
+the liberty of copying the English ballad from Mr Ritson's Collection,
+omitting only the burden and repetition of the first line. The learned
+editor states it to be given <i>&quot;From Ravencroft's Metismata. Musical
+phansies, fitting the cittie and country, humours to 3, 4, and 5
+voyces,</i> London, 1611, 4to. It will be obvious (continues Mr Ritson)
+that this ballad is much older, not only than the date of the book, but
+most of the other pieces contained in it.&quot; The music is given with the
+words, and is adapted to four voices:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There were three rauens sat on a tre,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They were as blacke as they might be:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The one of them said to his mate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where shall we our breakfast take?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Downe in yonder greene field,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There lies a knight slain under his shield;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His hounds they lie downe at his feete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;So well they their master keepe;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His haukes they flie so eagerly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's no fowle dare come him nie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Down there comes a fallow doe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As great with yong as she might goe,</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She lift up his bloudy hed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And kist his wounds that were so red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She got him up upon her backe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And carried him to earthen lake.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She buried him before the prime,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She was dead her selfe ere euen song time.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;God send euery gentleman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Such haukes, such houndes, and such a leman.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Ancient Songs,</i> 1792, p. 155.</span><br>
+
+<p>I have seen a copy of this dirge much modernized.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE TWA CORBIES.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As I was walking all alane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I heard twa corbies making a mane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The tane unto the t'other say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where sall we gang and dine to-day?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;In behint yon auld fail<a name="FNanchor_A_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_72"><sup>[A]</sup></a> dyke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wot there lies a new slain knight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And nae body kens that he lies there,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But his hawk, his hound, and lady fair.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His hound is to the hunting gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His hawk to fetch the wild-fowl hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;His lady's ta'en another mate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;So we may mak our dinner sweet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye'll sit on his white hause bane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'll pike out his bonny blue een:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wi' ae lock o' his gowden hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll theek<a name="FNanchor_B_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_73"><sup>[B]</sup></a> our nest when it grows bare.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Mony a one for him makes mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But nane sall ken whare he is gane:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O'er his white banes, when they are bare,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The wind sall blaw for evermair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_72">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Fail</i>&mdash;Turf.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_73">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Theek</i>&mdash;Thatch.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The ballad of <i>The Douglas Tragedy</i> is one of the few, to which popular
+tradition has ascribed complete locality. The farm of Blackhouse, in
+Selkirkshire, is said to have been the scene of this melancholy
+event. There are the remains of a very ancient tower, adjacent to
+the farmhouse, in a wild and solitary glen, upon a torrent, named
+Douglas-burn, which joins the Yarrow, after passing a craggy rock,
+called the Douglas-craig. This wild scene, now a part of the Traquair
+estate, formed one of the most ancient possessions of the renowned
+family of Douglas; for Sir John Douglas, eldest son of William,
+the first Lord Douglas, is said to have sat, as baronial lord of
+Douglas-burn, during his father's lifetime, in a parliament of Malcolm
+Canmore, held at Forfar.&mdash;GODSCROFT, Vol. I. p. 20. The tower appears to
+have been square, with a circular turret at one angle, for carrying up
+the staircase, and for flanking the entrance. It is said to have derived
+its name of Blackhouse from the complexion of the lords of Douglas,
+whose swarthy hue was a family attribute. But, when the high mountains,
+by which it is inclosed, were covered with heather, which was the case
+till of late years, Blackhouse must have also merited its appellation
+from the appearance of the scenery.</p>
+
+<p>From this ancient tower Lady Margaret is said to have been carried by
+her lover. Seven large stones, erected upon the neighbouring heights of
+Blackhouse, are shown, as marking the spot where the seven brethren were
+slain; and the Douglas-burn is averred to have been the stream, at which
+the lovers stopped to drink: so minute is tradition in ascertaining the
+scene of a tragical tale, which, considering the rude state of former
+times, had probably foundation in some real event.</p>
+
+<p>Many copies of this ballad are current among the vulgar, but chiefly in
+a state of great corruption; especially such as have been committed to
+the press in the shape of penny pamphlets. One of these is now before
+me, which, among many others, has the ridiculous error of &quot;<i>blue gilded</i>
+horn,&quot; for &quot;<i>bugelet</i> horn.&quot; The copy, principally used in this edition
+of the ballad, was supplied by Mr Sharpe. The three last verses are
+given from the printed copy, and from tradition. The hackneyed verse, of
+the rose and the briar springing from the grave of the lovers, is common
+to most tragic ballads; but it is introduced into this with singular
+propriety, as the chapel of St Mary, whose vestiges may be still traced
+upon the lake, to which it has given name, is said to have been the
+burial place of Lord William and Fair Margaret. The wrath of the Black
+Douglas, which vented itself upon the brier, far surpasses the usual
+stanza:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">At length came the clerk of the parish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As you the truth shall hear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And by mischance he cut them down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or else they had still been there.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, now, Lord Douglas,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And put on your armour so bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Let it never be said, that a daughter of thine</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Was married to a lord under night.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, my seven bold sons,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And put on your armour so bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And take better care of your youngest sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For your eldest's awa the last night.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's mounted her on a milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And himself on a dapple grey,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And lightly they rode away.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William lookit o'er his left shoulder,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To see what he could see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there he spy'd her seven brethren bold</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Come riding over the lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Light down, light down, Lady Marg'ret,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And hold my steed in your hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Until that against your seven brethren bold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And your father, I mak a stand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She held his steed in her milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And never shed one tear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until that she saw her seven brethren fa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And her father hard fighting, who lov'd her so dear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hold your hand, Lord William!&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For your strokes they are wond'rous sair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;True lovers I can get many a ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But a father I can never get mair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O she's ta'en out her handkerchief,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">It was o' the holland sae fine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ay she dighted her father's bloody wounds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That ware redder than the wine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O chuse, O chuse, Lady Marg'ret,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O whether will ye gang or bide?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll gang, I'll gang, Lord William,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For ye have left me no other guide.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's lifted her on a milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And himself on a dapple grey,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And slowly they baith rade away.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they rade on, and on they rade,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a' by the light of the moon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until they came to yon wan water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And there they lighted down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They lighted down to tak a drink</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Of the spring that ran sae clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And down the stream ran his gude heart's blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And sair she gan to fear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hold up, hold up, Lord William,&quot; she says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I fear that you are slain!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Tis naething but the shadow of my scarlet cloak;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That shines in the water sae plain.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they rade on, and on they rade,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a' by the light of the moon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until they cam' to his mother's ha' door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And there they lighted down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Get up, get up, lady mother,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Get up, and let me in!&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Get up, get up, lady mother,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For this night my fair lady I've win.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mak my bed, lady mother,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O mak it braid and deep!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And lay Lady Marg'ret close at my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And the sounder I will sleep.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William was dead lang ere midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lady Marg'ret lang ere day&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And all true lovers that go thegither,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">May they have mair luck than they!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William was buried in St Marie's kirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lady Margaret in Mary's quire;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out o' the lady's grave grew a bonny red rose,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And out o' the knight's a brier.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they twa met, and they twa plat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And fain they wad be near;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And a' the warld might ken right weel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They were twa lovers dear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But bye and rade the Black Douglas,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And wow but he was rough!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he pull'd up the bonny brier,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And flang'd in St Mary's loch.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>YOUNG BENJIE. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>In this ballad the reader will find traces of a singular superstition,
+not yet altogether discredited in the wilder parts of Scotland. The
+lykewake, or watching a dead body, in itself a melancholy office, is
+rendered, in the idea of the assistants, more dismally awful, by the
+mysterious horrors of superstition. In the interval betwixt death and
+interment, the disembodied spirit is supposed to hover around its mortal
+habitation, and, if invoked by certain rites, retains the power of
+communicating, through its organs, the cause of its dissolution. Such
+enquiries, however are always dangerous, and never to be resorted to
+unless the deceased is suspected to have suffered <i>foul play</i>, as it
+is called. It is the more unsafe to tamper with this charm, in an
+unauthorized manner; because the inhabitants of the infernal regions
+are, at such periods, peculiarly active. One of the most potent
+ceremonies in the charm, for causing the dead body to speak, is, setting
+the door ajar, or half open. On this account, the peasants of Scotland
+sedulously avoid leaving the door ajar, while a corpse lies in the
+house. The door must either be left wide open, or quite shut; but the
+first is always preferred, on account of the exercise of hospitality
+usual on such occasions. The attendants must be likewise careful never
+to leave the corpse for a moment alone, or, if it is left alone, to
+avoid, with a degree of superstitious horror, the first sight of it.
+The following story, which is frequently related by the peasants of
+Scotland, will illustrate the imaginary danger of leaving the door ajar.
+In former times, a man and his wife lived in a solitary cottage, on one
+of the extensive border fells. One day, the husband died suddenly; and
+his wife, who was equally afraid of staying alone by the corpse, or
+leaving the dead body by itself, repeatedly went to the door, and
+looked anxiously over the lonely moor, for the sight of some person
+approaching. In her confusion and alarm, she accidentally left the door
+ajar, when the corpse suddenly started up, and sat in the bed, frowning
+and grinning at her frightfully. She sat alone, crying bitterly, unable
+to avoid the fascination of the dead man's eye, and too much terrified
+to break the sullen silence, till a catholic priest, passing over the
+wild, entered the cottage. He first set the door quite open, then put
+his little finger in his mouth, and said the paternoster backwards; when
+the horrid look of the corpse relaxed, it fell back on the bed, and
+behaved itself as a dead man ought to do.</p>
+
+<p>The ballad is given from tradition.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>YOUNG BENJIE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of a' the maids o' fair Scotland,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fairest was Marjorie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And young Benjie was her ae true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a dear true love was he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wow! but they were lovers dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loved fu' constantlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But ay the mair when they fell out,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The sairer was their plea.<a name="FNanchor_A_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_74"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae quarrelled on a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Till Marjorie's heart grew wae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she said she'd chuse another luve,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And let young Benjie gae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he was stout,<a name="FNanchor_B_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_75"><sup>[B]</sup></a> and proud-hearted,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And thought o't bitterlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's ga'en by the wan moon-light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To meet his Marjorie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O open, open, my true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O open, and let me in!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I dare na open, young Benjie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My three brothers are within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye lied, ye lied, ye bonny burd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Sae loud's I hear ye lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As I came by the Lowden banks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They bade gude e'en to me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But fare ye weel, my ae fause love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That I hae loved sae lang!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It sets<a name="FNanchor_C_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_76"><sup>[C]</sup></a> ye chuse another love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And let young Benjie gang.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Marjorie turned her round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The tear blinding her ee,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I darena, darena, let thee in,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But I'll come down to thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then saft she smiled, and said to him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O what ill hae I done?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took her in his armis twa,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And threw her o'er the linn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The stream was strang, the maid was stout,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And laith laith to be dang,<a name="FNanchor_D_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_77"><sup>[D]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, ere she wan the Lowden banks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her fair colour was wan.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up bespak her eldest brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O see na ye what I see?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out then spak her second brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Its our sister Marjorie!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out then spak her eldest brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O how shall we her ken?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out then spak her youngest brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;There's a honey mark on her chin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they've ta'en up the comely corpse,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And laid it on the ground&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has killed our ae sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And how can he be found?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night it is her low lykewake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The morn her burial day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And we maun watch at mirk midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And hear what she will say.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' doors ajar, and candle light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And torches burning clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The streikit corpse, till still midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They waked, but naething hear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About the middle o' the night.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The cocks began to craw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And at the dead hour o' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The corpse began to thraw.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has done the wrang, sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or dared the deadly sin?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wha was sae stout, and feared nae dout,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As thraw ye o'er the linn?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Young Benjie was the first ae man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I laid my love upon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He was sae stout and proud-hearted,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;He threw me o'er the linn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sall we young Benjie head, sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Sall we young Benjie hang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or sall we pike out his twa gray een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And punish him ere he gang?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye mauna Benjie head, brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye mauna Benjie hang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But ye maun pike out his twa gray een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And punish him ere he gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tie a green gravat round his neck,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And lead him out and in,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the best ae servant about your house</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To wait young Benjie on.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ay, at every seven year's end,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye'll tak him to the linn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For that's the penance he maun drie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To scug<a name="FNanchor_E_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_78"><sup>[E]</sup></a> his deadly sin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_74">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Plea</i>&mdash;Used obliquely for <i>dispute</i>.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_75">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Stout</i>&mdash;Through this whole ballad, signifies <i>haughty</i>.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_76">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sets ye</i>&mdash;Becomes you&mdash;ironical.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_77">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Dang</i>&mdash;defeated.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_78">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Scug</i>&mdash;shelter or expiate.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LADY ANNE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad was communicated to me by Mr Kirkpatrick Sharpe of Hoddom,
+who mentions having copied it from an old magazine. Although it has
+probably received some modern corrections, the general turn seems to
+be ancient, and corresponds with that of a fragment, containing the
+following verses, which I have often heard sung in my childhood:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She set her back against a thorn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there she has her young son borne;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O smile nae sae, my bonny babe!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An ye smile sae sweet, ye'll smile me dead.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' when that lady went to the church,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She spied a naked boy in the porch,</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O bonnie boy, an' ye were mine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'd clead ye in the silks sae fine.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mither dear, when I was thine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To me ye were na half sae kind.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<p>Stories of this nature are very common in the annals of popular
+superstition. It is, for example, currently believed in Ettrick Forest,
+that a libertine, who had destroyed fifty-six inhabited houses, in order
+to throw the possessions of the cottagers into his estate, and who added
+to this injury, that of seducing their daughters, was wont to commit, to
+a carrier in the neighbourhood, the care of his illegitimate children,
+shortly after they were born. His emissary regularly carried them away,
+but they were never again heard of. The unjust and cruel gains of the
+profligate laird were dissipated by his extravagance, and the ruins of
+his house seem to bear witness to the truth of the rhythmical prophecies
+denounced against it, and still current among the peasantry. He himself
+died an untimely death; but the agent of his amours and crimes survived
+to extreme old age. When on his death-bed, he seemed much oppressed in
+mind, and sent for a clergyman to speak peace to his departing spirit:
+but, before the messenger returned, the man was in his last agony;
+and the terrified assistants had fled from his cottage, unanimously
+averring, that the wailing of murdered infants had ascended from behind
+his couch, and mingled with the groans of the departing sinner.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LADY ANNE</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair lady Anne sate in her bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Down by the greenwood side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the flowers did spring, and the birds did sing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">'Twas the pleasant May-day tide.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But fair lady Anne on sir William call'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">With the tear grit in her e'e,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O though thou be fause, may heaven thee guard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;In the wars ayont the sea!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out of the wood came three bonnie boys,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Upon the simmer's morn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they did sing, and play at the ba',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As naked as they were born.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O seven lang year was I sit here,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Amang the frost and snaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A' to hae but ane o' these bonnie boys,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A playing at the ba'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the eldest boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Now listen, thou fair ladie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ponder well the read that I tell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Then make ye a choice of the three.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Tis I am Peter, and this is Paul,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And that are, sae fair to see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But a twelve-month sinsyne to paradise came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;To join with our companie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I will hae the snaw-white boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;The bonniest of the three.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I were thine, and in thy propine,<a name="FNanchor_A_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_79"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;O what wad ye do to me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Tis I wad clead thee in silk and gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And nourice thee on my knee.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mither! mither! when I was thine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Sic kindness I could na see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Before the turf, where I now stand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;The fause nurse buried me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy cruel penknife sticks still in my heart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And I come not back to thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_79">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Propine</i>&mdash;Usually gift, but here the power of giving or
+bestowing.</p></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;">
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD WILLIAM</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad was communicated to me by Mr James Hogg; and, although it
+bears a strong resemblance to that of <i>Earl Richard</i>, so strong, indeed,
+as to warrant a supposition, that the one has been derived from the
+other, yet its intrinsic merit seems to warrant its insertion. Mr Hogg
+has added the following note, which, in the course of my enquiries, I
+have found most fully corroborated.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;I am fully convinced of the antiquity of this song; for, although much
+of the language seems somewhat modernized, this must be attributed
+to its currency, being much liked, and very much sung, in this
+neighbourhood. I can trace it back several generations, but cannot
+hear of its ever having been in print. I have never heard it with any
+considerable variation, save that one reciter called the dwelling of the
+feigned sweetheart, <i>Castleswa</i>.&quot;</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD WILLIAM</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William was the bravest knight</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That dwait in fair Scotland,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, though renowned in France and Spain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Fell by a ladie's hand.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As she was walking maid alone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Down by yon shady wood.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She heard a smit<a name="FNanchor_A_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_80"><sup>[A]</sup></a> o' bridle reins,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She wish'd might be for good.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come to my arms, my dear Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;You're welcome hame to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To best o' chear and charcoal red,<a name="FNanchor_B_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_81"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And candle burnin' free.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I winna light, I darena light,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Nor come to your arms at a';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer maid than ten o' you,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;I'll meet at Castle-law.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer maid than me, Willie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;A fairer maid than me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer maid than ten o' me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Your eyes did never see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He louted owr his saddle lap,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To kiss her ere they part,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wi' a little keen bodkin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">She pierced him to the heart.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ride on, ride on, lord William, now,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;As fast as ye can dree!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your bonny lass at Castle-law</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Will weary you to see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out up then spake a bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Sat high upon a tree,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">How could you kill that noble lord?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;He came to marry thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come down, come down, my bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And eat bread aff my hand!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your cage shall be of wiry goud,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Whar now its but the wand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Keep ye your cage o' goud, lady,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And I will keep my tree;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As ye hae done to lord William.,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Sae wad ye do to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She set her foot on her door step,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A bonny marble stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And carried him to her chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">O'er him to make her mane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has kept that good lord's corpse</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Three quarters of a year,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until that word began to spread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Then she began to fear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she cried on her waiting maid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Ay ready at her ca';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There is a knight unto my bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;'Tis time he were awa.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ane has ta'en him by the head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The ither by the feet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thrown him in the wan water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That ran baith wide and deep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Look back, look back, now, lady fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;On him that lo'ed ye weel!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A better man than that blue corpse</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Ne'er drew a sword of steel.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_80">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Smit</i>&mdash;Clashing noise, from smite&mdash;hence also <i>(perhaps)</i>
+Smith and Smithy.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_81">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Charcoal red</i>&mdash;This circumstance marks the antiquity of
+the poem. While wood was plenty in Scotland, charcoal was the usual fuel
+in the chambers of the wealthy.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BROOMFIELD HILL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The concluding verses of this ballad were inserted in the copy of
+<i>Tamlane</i>, given to the public in the first edition of this work. They
+are now restored to their proper place. Considering how very apt the
+most accurate reciters are to patch up one ballad with verses from
+another, the utmost caution cannot always avoid such errors.</p>
+
+<p>A more sanguine antiquary than the editor might perhaps endeavour to
+identify this poem, which is of undoubted antiquity, with the <i>&quot;Broom
+Broom on Hill,&quot;</i> mentioned by Lane, in his <i>Progress of Queen Elizabeth
+into Warwickshire</i>, as forming part of Captain's Cox's collection,
+so much envied by the black-letter antiquaries of the present
+day.&mdash;<i>Dugdale's Warwickshire,</i> p. 166. The same ballad is quoted by one
+of the personages, in a &quot;very mery and pythie comedie,&quot; called <i>&quot;The
+longer thou livest, the more fool thou art.&quot;</i> See Ritson's Dissertation,
+prefixed to <i>Ancient Songs,</i> p. lx. &quot;Brume brume on hill,&quot; is also
+mentioned in the <i>Complayat of Scotland</i>. See Leyden's edition, p. 100.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE BROOMFIELD HILL.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was a knight and a lady bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Had a true tryste at the broom;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ane ga'ed early in the morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The other in the afternoon.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ay she sat in her mother's bower door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ay she made her mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Oh whether should I gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or should I stay at hame?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For if I gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My maidenhead is gone;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I chance to stay at hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My love will ca' me mansworn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then spake a witch woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ay from the room aboon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, ye may gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And yet come maiden hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, when ye gang to the Broomfield hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye'll find your love asleep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;With a silver-belt about his head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a broom-cow at his feet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Take ye the blossom of the broom,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The blossom it smells sweet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And strew it at your true love's head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And likewise at his feet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Take ye the rings off your fingers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Put them on his right hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To let him know, when he doth awake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;His love was at his command.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She pu'd the broom flower on Hive-hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And strew'd on's white hals bane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And that was to be wittering true,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That maiden she had gane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where were ye, my milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That I hae coft sae dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That wadna watch and waken me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;When there was maiden here?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I stamped wi' my foot, master,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And gar'd my bridle ring;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But na kin' thing wald waken ye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till she was past and gane.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wae betide ye, my gay goss hawk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That I did love sae dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That wadna watch and waken me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;When there was maiden here.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I clapped wi' my wings, master,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And aye my bells I rang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And aye cry'd, waken, waken, master,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Before the ladye gang.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But haste and haste, my good white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To come the maiden till,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or a' the birds, of gude green wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Of your flesh shall have their fill.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye need na burst your good white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' racing o'er the howm;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nae bird flies faster through the wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than she fled through the broom.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>PROUD LADY MARGARET.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This Ballad was communicated to the Editor by Mr.</i> HAMILTON,
+<i>Music-seller, Edinburgh, with whose Mother it had been a, favourite.
+Two verses and one line were wanting, which are here supplied from a
+different Ballad, having a plot somewhat similar. These verses are the
+6th and 9th.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twas on a night, an evening bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">When the dew began to fa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady Margaret was walking up and down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Looking o'er her castle wa'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She looked east, and she looked west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To see what she could spy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When a gallant knight came in her sight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to the gate drew nigh.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;You seem to be no gentleman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;You wear your boots so wide;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But you seem to be some cunning hunter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;You wear the horn so syde.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_82"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am no cunning hunter,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor ne'er intend to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am come to this castle</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To seek the love of thee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if you do not grant me love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This night for thee I'll die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If you should die for me, sir knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;There's few for you will mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For mony a better has died for me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Whose graves are growing green.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But ye maun read my riddle,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And answer my questions three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And but ye read them right,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gae stretch ye out and die.&mdash;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, what is the flower, the ae first flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Springs either on moor or dale?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And what is the bird, the bonnie bonnie bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sings on the evening gale?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The primrose is the ae first flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Springs either on moor or dale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the thistlecock is the bonniest bird;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sings on the evening gale.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But what's the little coin,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wald buy my castle bound?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And what's the little boat,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Can sail the world all round?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hey, how mony small pennies</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Make thrice three thousand pound?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or hey, how mony small fishes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Swim a' the salt sea round.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I think you maun be my match,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My match, and something mair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;You are the first e'er got the grant</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of love frae my father's heir.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My mother lady of three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And there's nane to heir but me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And round about a' thae castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;You may baith plow and saw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And on the fifteenth day of May,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The meadows they will maw.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald your tongue, lady Margaret,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For loud I hear you lie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Your mother was lady of three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your father was lord of nine castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But ye fa' heir to but three.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And round about a' thae castles,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;You may baith plow and saw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But on the fifteenth day of May</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The meadows will not maw.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am your brother Willie,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I trow ye ken na me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I came to humble your haughty heart,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Has gar'd sae mony die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If ye be my brother Willie,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As I trow weel ye be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This night I'll neither eat nor drink,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But gae alang wi' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hold your tongue, lady Margaret,&quot; he said.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Again I hear you lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For ye've unwashen hands, and ye've unwashen feet,<a name="FNanchor_B_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_83"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To gae to clay wi' me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For the wee worms are my bedfellows,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And cauld clay is my sheets;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And when the stormy winds do blow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My body lies and sleeps.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_82">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Syde</i>&mdash;Long or low.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_83">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Unwashen hands and unwashen feet</i>&mdash;Alluding to the custom
+of washing and dressing dead bodies.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE ORIGINAL BALLAD OF THE BROOM OF COWDENKNOWS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>The beautiful air of Cowdenknows is well known and popular. In Ettrick
+Forest the following words are uniformly adapted to the tune, and seem
+to be the original ballad. An edition of this pastoral tale, differing
+considerably from the present copy, was published by Mr.</i> HERD, <i>in 1772.
+Cowdenknows is situated upon the river Leader, about four miles from
+Melrose, and is now the property of Dr</i> HUME.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O the broom, and the bonny bonny broom,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And the broom of the Cowdenknows!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye sae sweet as the lassie sang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I' the bought, milking the ewes.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The hills were high on ilka side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' the bought i' the lirk o' the hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye, as she sang, her voice it rang</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out o'er the head o' yon hill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was a troop o' gentlemen</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came riding merrilie by,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And one of them has rode out o' the way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To the bought to the bonny may.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel may ye save an' see, bonny lass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' weel may ye save an' see.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' sae wi' you, ye weel-bred knight,&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And what's your will wi' me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night is misty and mirk, fair may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And I have ridden astray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And will ye be so kind, fair may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As come out and point my way?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ride out, ride out, ye ramp rider!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Your steed's baith stout and strang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For out of the bought I dare na come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For fear 'at ye do me wrang.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O winna ye pity me, bonny lass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O winna ye pity me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;An' winna ye pity my poor steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Stands trembling at yon tree?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wadna pity your poor steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Tho' it were tied to a thorn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For if ye wad gain my love the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye wad slight me ere the morn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I ken you by your weel-busked hat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And your merrie twinkling e'e,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That ye're the laird o' the Oakland hills,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' ye may weel seem for to be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am not the laird o' the Oakland hills,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye're far mista'en o' me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I'm are o' the men about his house,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' right aft in his companie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the middle jimp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And by the grass-green sleeve;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's lifted her over the fauld dyke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And speer'd at her sma' leave.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's ta'en out a purse o' gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And streek'd her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, take ye that, my bonnie may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Of me till you hear mair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's leapt on his berry-brown steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' soon he's o'erta'en his men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And ane and a' cried out to him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O master, ye've tarry'd lang!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I hae been east, and I hae been west,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' I hae been far o'er the know,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But the bonniest lass that ever I saw</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Is i'the bought milking the ewes.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She set the cog<a name="FNanchor_A_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_84"><sup>[A]</sup></a> upon her head,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' she's gane singing hame&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where hae ye been, my ae daughter?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye hae na been your lane.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O nae body was wi' me, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O nae body has been wi' me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The night is misty and mirk, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye may gang to the door and see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But wae be to your ewe-herd, father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And an ill deed may he die;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He bug the bought at the back o' the know,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a tod<a name="FNanchor_B_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_85"><sup>[B]</sup></a> has frighted me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There came a tod to the bought-door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The like I never saw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ere he had tane the lamb he did,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I had lourd he had ta'en them a'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O whan fifteen weeks was come and gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fifteen weeks and three.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That lassie began to look thin and pale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' to long for his merry twinkling e'e.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It fell on a day, on a het simmer day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She was ca'ing out her father's kye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By came a troop o' gentlemen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' merrilie riding bye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel may ye save an' see, bonny may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Weel may ye save and see!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel I wat, ye be a very bonny may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But whae's aught that babe ye are wi'?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Never a word could that lassie say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For never a ane could she blame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">An' never a word could the lassie say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But &quot;I have a good man at hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye lied, ye lied, my very bonny may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae loud as I hear you lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For dinna ye mind that misty night</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I was i' the bought wi' thee?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ken you by your middle sae jimp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' your merry twinkling e'e,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That ye're the bonny lass i'the Cowdenknow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An' ye may weel seem for to be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than he's leap'd off his berry-brown steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An' he's set that fair may on&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Caw out your kye, gude father, yoursell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For she's never caw them out again.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am the laird of the Oakland hills,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I hae thirty plows and three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ah' I hae gotten the bonniest lass</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That's in a' the south country.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_84">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Cog</i>&mdash;Milking-pail.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_85">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Tod</i>&mdash;Fox.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD RANDAL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>There is a beautiful air to this old ballad. The hero is more generally
+termed <i>Lord Ronald;</i> but I willingly follow the authority of an Ettrick
+Forest copy for calling him <i>Randal;</i> because, though the circumstances
+are so very different, I think it not impossible, that the ballad may
+have originally regarded the death of Thomas Randolph, or Randal, earl
+of Murray, nephew to Robert Bruce, and governor of Scotland. This great
+warrior died at Musselburgh, 1332, at the moment when his services were
+most necessary to his country, already threatened by an English army.
+For this sole reason, perhaps, our historians obstinately impute his
+death to poison. See <i>The Bruce</i>, book xx. Fordun repeats, and Boece
+echoes, this story, both of whom charge the murder on Edward III. But it
+is combated successfully by Lord Hailes, in his <i>Remarks on the History
+of Scotland</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The substitution of some venomous reptile for food, or putting it into
+liquor, was anciently supposed to be a common mode of administering
+poison; as appears from the following curious account of the death of
+King John, extracted from a MS. Chronicle of England, <i>penes</i> John
+Clerk, esq. advocate. &quot;And, in the same tyme, the pope sente into
+Englond a legate, that men cald Swals, and he was prest cardinal of
+Rome, for to mayntene King Johnes cause agens the barons of Englond; but
+the barons had so much pte (<i>poustie</i>, i.e. power) through Lewys, the
+kinges sone of Fraunce, that King Johne wist not wher for to wend ne
+gone: and so hitt fell, that he wold have gone to Suchold; and as he
+went thedurward, he come by the abbey of Swinshed, and ther he abode II
+dayes. And, as he sate at meat, he askyd a monke of the house, how moche
+a lofe was worth, that was before hym sete at the table? and the monke
+sayd that loffe was worthe bot ane halfpenny. 'O!' quod the kyng, 'this
+is a grette cheppe of brede; now,' said the king, 'and yff I may, such a
+loffe shalle be worth xxd. or half a yer be gone:' and when he said the
+word, muche he thought, and ofte tymes sighed, and nome and ete of the
+bred, and said, 'By Gode, the word that I have spokyn shall be sothe.'
+The monke, that stode befor the kyng, was ful sory in his hert; and
+thought rather he wold himself suffer peteous deth; and thought yff
+he myght ordeyn therfore sum remedy. And anon the monke went unto his
+abbott, and was schryvyd of him, and told the abbott all that the kyng
+said, and prayed his abbott to assoyl him, for he wold gyffe the kyng
+such a wassayle, that all Englond shuld be glad and joyful therof. Tho
+went the monke into a gardene, and fond a tode therin; and toke her upp,
+and put hyr in a cuppe, and filled it with good ale, and pryked hyr in
+every place, in the cuppe, till the venome come out in every place; an
+brought hitt befor the kyng, and knelyd, and said, 'Sir, wassayle; for
+never in your lyfe drancke ye of such a cuppe,' 'Begyne, monke,' quod
+the king; and the monke dranke a gret draute, and toke the kyng the
+cuppe, and the kyng also drank a grett draute, and set downe the
+cuppe.&mdash;The monke anon went to the Farmarye, and ther dyed anon, on
+whose soule God have mercy, Amen. And v monkes syng for his soule
+especially, and shall while the abbey stondith. The kyng was anon ful
+evil at ese, and comaunded to remove the table, and askyd after the
+monke; and men told him that he was ded, for his wombe was broke in
+sondur. When the king herd this tidyng, he comaunded for to trusse; but
+all hit was for nought, for his bely began to swelle for the drink that
+he dranke, that he dyed within II dayes, the moro aftur Seynt Luke's
+day.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>A different account of the poisoning of King John is given in a MS.
+Chronicle of England, written in the minority of Edward III., and
+contained in the Auchinleck MS. of Edinburgh. Though not exactly to our
+present purpose, the passage is curious, and I shall quote it without
+apology. The author has mentioned the interdict laid on John's kingdom
+by the pope, and continues thus:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He was ful wroth and grim,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For no prest wald sing for him</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He made tho his parlement,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And swore his <i>croy de verament</i>,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he shuld make such assaut,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To fede all Inglonde with a spand.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And eke with a white lof,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Therefore I hope<a name="FNanchor_A_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_86"><sup>[A]</sup></a> he was God-loth.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A monk it herd of Swines-heued,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And of this wordes he was adred,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He went hym to his fere,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seyd to hem in this manner;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The king has made a sori oth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he schal with a white lof</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fede al Inglonde, and with a spand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Y wis it were a sori saut;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And better is that we die to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than al Inglond be so wo.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ye schul for me belles ring,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And after wordes rede and sing;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So helpe you God, heven king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Granteth me alle now mill asking,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Ichim wil with puseoun slo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ne schal he never Inglond do wo.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His brethren him graunt alle his bone.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He let him shrive swithe sone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To make his soule fair and cleue,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To for our leuedi heven queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That sche schuld for him be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To for her son in trinit&eacute;.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dansimond zede and gadred frut,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For sothe were plommes white,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The steles<a name="FNanchor_B_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_87"><sup>[B]</sup></a> he puld out everichon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Puisoun he dede therin anon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sett the steles al ogen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That the gile schuld nought be sen.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He dede hem in a coupe of gold,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And went to the kinges bord;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">On knes he him sett,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king full fair he grett;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sir,&quot; he said, &quot;by Seynt Austin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This is front of our garden,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gif that your wil be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Assayet herof after me.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dansimoud ete frut, on and on,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And al tho other ete King Jon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The monke aros, and went his way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">God gif his soule wel gode day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He gaf King Jon ther his puisoun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Himself had that ilk doun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He dede, it is nouther for mirthe ne ond,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bot for to save al Iuglond.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The King Jon sate at mete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His wombe to wex grete;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He swore his oth, <i>per la croyde</i>,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His wombe wald brest a thre;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He wald have risen fram the bord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ac he spake never more word;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thus ended his time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Y wis he had an evel fine.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_86">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Hope, for think.</i></p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_87">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Steles</i>&mdash;Stalks.</p></div>
+
+<p>Shakespeare, from such old chronicles, has drawn his authority for the
+last fine scene in <i>King John</i>. But he probably had it from Caxton, who
+uses nearly the words of the prose chronicle. Hemingford tells the same
+tale with the metrical historian. It is certain, that John increased the
+flux, of which he died, by the intemperate use of peaches and of ale,
+which may have given rise to the story of the poison.&mdash;See MATTHEW
+PARIS.</p>
+
+<p>To return to the ballad: there is a very similar song, in which,
+apparently to excite greater interest in the nursery, the handsome young
+hunter is exchanged for a little child, poisoned by a false step-mother.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>LORD RANDAL.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where hae ye been, Lord Randal, my son?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O where hae ye been, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hae been to the wild wood; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where gat ye your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where gat ye your dinner, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I din'd wi' my true-love; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What gat ye to your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What gat ye to your dinner, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I gat eels boil'd in broo'; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What became of your bloodhounds, Lord Randal, my son?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What became of your bloodhounds, my handsome young man?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O they swell'd and they died; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I fear ye are poison'd, Lord Randal, my son!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I fear ye are poison'd, my handsome young man!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O yes! I am poison'd; mother, make my bed soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wald lie down.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>SIR HUGH LE BLOND.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is a northern composition, and seems to have been the
+original of the legend called <i>Sir Aldingar</i>, which is printed in the
+<i>Reliques of Antient Poetry</i>. The incidents are nearly the same in both
+ballads, excepting that, in <i>Aldingar</i>, an angel combats for the queen,
+instead of a mortal champion. The names of <i>Aldingar</i> and <i>Rodingham</i>
+approach near to each other in sound, though not in orthography, and the
+one might, by reciters, be easily substituted for the other.</p>
+
+<p>The tradition, upon which the ballad is founded, is universally current
+in the Mearns; and the editor is informed, that, till very lately, the
+sword, with which Sir Hugh le Blond was believed to have defended
+the life and honour of the queen, was carefully preserved by his
+descendants, the viscounts of Arbuthnot. That Sir Hugh of Arbuthnot
+lived in the thirteenth century, is proved by his having, in 1282,
+bestowed the patronage of the church of Garvoch upon the monks of
+Aberbrothwick, for the safety of his soul.&mdash;<i>Register of Aberbrothwick,
+quoted by Crawford in Peerage.</i> But I find no instance in history, in
+which the honour of a queen of Scotland was committed to the chance of
+a duel. It is true, that Mary, wife of Alexander II., was, about 1242,
+somewhat implicated in a dark story, concerning the murder of Patrick,
+earl of Athole, burned in his lodging at Haddington, where he had gone
+to attend a great tournament. The relations of the deceased baron
+accused of the murder Sir William Bisat, a powerful nobleman, who
+appears to have been in such high favour with the young queen, that
+she offered her oath, as a compurgator, to prove his innocence. Bisat
+himself stood upon his defence, and proffered the combat to his
+accusers; but he was obliged to give way to the tide, and was banished
+from Scotland. This affair interested all the northern barons; and it
+is not impossible, that some share, taken in it by this Sir Hugh de
+Arbuthnot, may have given a slight foundation for the tradition of the
+country.&mdash;WINTON, B. vii. ch. 9. Or, if we suppose Sir Hugh le Blond
+to be a predecessor of the Sir Hugh who flourished in the thirteenth
+century, he may have been the victor in a duel, shortly noticed as
+having occurred in 1154, when one Arthur, accused of treason, was
+unsuccessful in his appeal to the judgment of God. <i>Arthurus regem
+Malcolm proditurus duello periit.</i> Chron. Sanctae Crucis ap. Anglia
+Sacra, Vol. I. p. 161.</p>
+
+<p>But, true or false, the incident, narrated in the ballad, is in the
+genuine style of chivalry. Romances abound with similar instances, nor
+are they wanting in real history. The most solemn part of a knight's
+oath was to defend &quot;all widows, orphelines, and maidens of gude
+fame.&quot;<a name="FNanchor_A_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_88"><sup>[A]</sup></a>&mdash;LINDSAY'S <i>Heraldry, MS.</i> The love of arms was a real
+passion of itself, which blazed yet more fiercely when united with the
+enthusiastic admiration of the fair sex. The knight of Chaucer exclaims,
+with chivalrous energy,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To fight for a lady! a benedicite!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It were a lusty sight for to see.</span><br>
+
+<p>It was an argument, seriously urged by Sir John of Heinault, for making
+war upon Edward II., in behalf of his banished wife, Isabella, that
+knights were bound to aid, to their uttermost power, all distressed
+damsels, living without council or comfort.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_88">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Such an oath is still taken by the Knights of the Bath;
+but, I believe, few of that honourable brotherhood will now consider it
+quite so obligatory as the conscientious Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who
+gravely alleges it as a sufficient reason for having challenged divers
+cavaliers, that they had either snatched from a lady her bouquet, or
+ribband, or, by some discourtesy of similar importance, placed her, as
+his lordship conceived, in the predicament of a distressed damozell.</p></div>
+
+<p>An apt illustration of the ballad would have been the combat, undertaken
+by three Spanish champions against three Moors of Granada, in defence of
+the honour of the queen of Granada, wife to Mohammed Chiquito, the last
+monarch of that kingdom. But I have not at hand <i>Las Guerras Civiles
+de Granada</i>, in which that atchievement is recorded. Raymond Berenger,
+count of Barcelona, is also said to have defended, in single combat, the
+life and honour of the Empress Matilda, wife of the Emperor Henry V.,
+and mother to Henry II. of England.&mdash;See ANTONIO ULLOA, <i>del vero Honore
+Militare</i>, Venice, 1569.</p>
+
+<p>A less apocryphal example is the duel, fought in 1387, betwixt Jaques le
+Grys and John de Carogne, before the king of France. These warriors were
+retainers of the earl of Alencon, and originally sworn brothers. John de
+Carogne went over the sea, for the advancement of his fame, leaving in
+his castle a beautiful wife, where she lived soberly and sagely. But
+the devil entered into the heart of Jaques le Grys, and he rode, one
+morning, from the earl's house to the castle of his friend, where he was
+hospitably received by the unsuspicious lady. He requested her to
+show him the donjon, or keep of the castle, and in that remote and
+inaccessible tower forcibly violated her chastity. He then mounted his
+horse, and returned to the earl of Alencon within so short a space, that
+his absence had not been perceived. The lady abode within the donjon,
+weeping bitterly, and exclaiming, &quot;Ah Jaques! it was not well done thus
+to shame me! but on you shall the shame rest, if God send my husband
+safe home!&quot; The lady kept secret this sorrowful deed until her husband's
+return from his voyage. The day passed, and night came, and the knight
+went to bed; but the lady would not; for ever she blessed herself,
+and walked up and down the chamber, studying and musing, until her
+attendants had retired; and then, throwing herself on her knees before
+the knight, she shewed him all the adventure. Hardly would Carogne
+believe the treachery of his companion; but, when convinced, he replied,
+&quot;Since it is so, lady, I pardon you; but the knight shall die for this
+villainous deed.&quot; Accordingly, Jaques le Grys was accused of the crime,
+in the court of the earl of Alencon. But, as he was greatly loved of
+his lord, and as the evidence was very slender, the earl gave judgment
+against the accusers. Hereupon John Carogne appealed to the parliament
+of Paris; which court, after full consideration, appointed the case to
+be tried by mortal combat betwixt the parties, John Carogne appearing as
+the champion of his lady. If he failed in his combat, then was he to
+be hanged, and his lady burned, as false and unjust calumniators. This
+combat, under circumstances so very peculiar, attracted universal
+attention; in so much, that the king of France and his peers, who were
+then in Flanders, collecting troops for an invasion of England, returned
+to Paris, that so notable a duel might be fought in the royal presence.
+&quot;Thus the kynge, and his uncles, and the constable, came to Parys. Then
+the lystes were made in a place called Saynt Katheryne, behinde the
+Temple. There was soo moche people, that it was mervayle to beholde; and
+on the one side of the lystes there was made gret scaffoldes, that the
+lordes might the better se the batayle of the ii champion; and so they
+bothe came to the felde, armed at all peaces, and there eche of them was
+set in theyr chayre; the erle of Saynt Poule gouverned John of Carongne,
+and the erle of Alanson's company with Jacques le Grys; and when the
+knyght entred in to the felde, he came to his wyfe, who was there
+syttynge in a chayre, covered in blacke, and he sayd to her thus:&mdash;Dame,
+by your enformacyon, and in your quarrell, I do put my lyfe in
+adventure, as to fyght with Jacques le Grys; ye knowe, if the cause be
+just and true.'&mdash;'Syr,' sayd the lady, 'it is as I have sayd; wherefore
+ye maye fyght surely; the cause is good and true.' With those wordes,
+the knyghte kissed the lady, and toke her by the hande, and then blessyd
+hym, and soo entred into the felde. The lady sate styll in the blacke
+chayre, in her prayers to God, and to the vyrgyne Mary, humbly prayenge
+them, by theyr specyall grace, to send her husbande the victory,
+accordynge to the ryght. She was in gret hevynes, for she was not sure
+of her lyfe; for, if her husbande sholde have ben dyscomfyted, she was
+judged, without remedy, to be brente, and her husbande hanged. I cannot
+say whether she repented her or not, as the matter was so forwarde, that
+both she and her husbande were in grete peryll: howbeit, fynally, she
+must as then abyde the adventure. Then these two champyons were set
+one agaynst another, and so mounted on theyr horses, and behauved them
+nobly; for they knewe what perteyned to deades of armes. There were
+many lordes and knyghtes of Fraunce, that were come thyder to se that
+batayle. The two champyons justed at theyr fyrst metyng, but none of
+them dyd hurte other; and, after the justes, they lyghted on foote to
+periournie theyr batayle, and soo fought valyauntly.&mdash;And fyrst, John of
+Carongne was hurt in the thyghe, whereby al his frendes were in grete
+fere; but, after that, he fought so valyauntly, that he bette down his
+adversary to the erthe, and threst his swerde in his body, and soo slewe
+hyrn in the felde; and then he demaunded, if he had done his devoyse or
+not? and they answered, that he had valyauntly atchieved his batayle.
+Then Jacques le Grys was delyuered to the hangman of Parys, and he drewe
+hym to the gybbet of Mountfawcon, and there hanged him up. Then John of
+Carongne came before the kynge, and kneled downe, and the kynge made
+him to stand up before hym; and, the same daye, the kynge caused to
+be delyvred to him a thousande franks, and reteyned him to be of his
+chambre, with a pencyon of ii hundred pounde by yere, durynge the terme
+of his lyfe. Then he thanked the kynge and the lordes, and went to his
+wyfe, and kissed her; and then they wente togyder to the chyrche of our
+ladye, in Parys, and made theyr offerynge, and then retourned to their
+lodgynges. Then this Sir John of Carongne taryed not longe in Fraunce,
+but went, with Syr John Boucequant, Syr John of Bordes, and Syr Loys
+Grat. All these went to se Lamorabaquyn,<a name="FNanchor_A_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_89"><sup>[A]</sup></a> of whome, in those dayes,
+there was moche spekynge.&quot;</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_89">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This odd name Froissart gives to the famous Mahomet,
+emperor of Turkey, called the Great.</p></div>
+
+<p>Such was the readiness, with which, in those times, heroes put their
+lives in jeopardy, for honour and lady's sake. But I doubt whether the
+fair dames of the present day will think, that the risk of being burned,
+upon every suspicion of frailty, could be altogether compensated by the
+probability, that a husband of good faith, like John de Carogne, or a
+disinterested champion, like Hugh le Blond, would take up the gauntlet
+in their behalf. I fear they will rather accord to the sentiment of the
+hero of an old romance, who expostulates thus with a certain duke:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Certes, sir duke, thou doest unright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To make a roast of your daughter bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wot you ben unkind.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Amis and Amelion.</i></span><br>
+
+<p>I was favoured with the following copy of <i>Sir Hugh le Blond</i>, by
+K. Williamson Burnet, Esq. of Monboddo, who wrote it down from the
+recitation of an old woman, long in the service of the Arbuthnot
+family. Of course the diction is very much humbled, and it has, in
+all probability, undergone many corruptions; but its antiquity is
+indubitable, and the story, though indifferently told, is in itself
+interesting. It is believed, that there have been many more verses.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>SIR HUGH LE BLOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The birds sang sweet as ony bell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The world had not their make,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen she's gone to her chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With Rodingham to talk.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I love you well, my queen, my dame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;'Bove land and rents so clear</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And for the love of you, my queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Would thole pain most severe.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If well you love me, Rodingham,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I'm sure so do I thee:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I love you well as any man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Save the king's fair bodye.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I love you well, my queen, my dame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;'Tis truth that I do tell:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And for to lye a night with you,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The salt seas I would sail.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Away, away, O Rodingham!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;You are both stark and stoor;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Would you defile the king's own bed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And make his queen a whore?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To-morrow you'd be taken sure,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And like a traitor slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'd be burned at a stake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Altho' I be the queen.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He then stepp'd out at her room-door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All in an angry mood;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until he met a leper-man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Just by the hard way-side.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He intoxicate the leper-man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With liquors very sweet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And gave him more and more to drink,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Until he fell asleep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took him in his arms two,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And carried him along,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till he came to the queen's own bed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And there he laid him down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He then stepp'd out of the queen's bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As switt as any roe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till he came to the very place</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where the king himself did go.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king said unto Rodingham,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What news have you to me?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He said, &quot;Your queen's a false woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As I did plainly see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He hasten'd to the queen's chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So costly and so fine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Untill he came to the queen's own bed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where the leper-man was lain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He looked on the leper-man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who lay on his queen's bed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He lifted up the snaw-white sheets,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And thus he to him said:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Plooky, plooky,<a name="FNanchor_A_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_90"><sup>[A]</sup></a> are your cheeks,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And plooky is your chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And plooky are your arms two</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My bonny queen's layne in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since she has lain into your arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;She shall not lye in mine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Since she has kiss'd your ugsome mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;She never shall kiss mine.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In anger he went to the queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who fell upon her knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He said, &quot;You false, unchaste woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What's this you've done to me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen then turn'd herself about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The tear blinded her e'e&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There's not a knight in all your court</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Dare give that name to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He said, &quot;'Tis true that I do say;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For I a proof did make:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;You shall be taken from my bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And burned at a stake.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Perhaps I'll take my word again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And may repent the same,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If that you'll get a Christian man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To fight that Rodingham.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alas! alas!&quot; then cried our queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Alas, and woe to me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's not a man in all Scotland</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Will fight with him for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She breathed unto her messengers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sent them south, east, and west;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They could find none to fight with him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor enter the contest.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She breathed on her messengers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She sent them to the north;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there they found Sir Hugh le Blond,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fight him he came forth.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When unto him they did unfold</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The circumstance all right,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He bade them go and tell the queen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That for her he would fight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The day came on that was to do</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That dreadful tragedy;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Hugh le Blond was not come up</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fight for our lady.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Put on the fire,&quot; the monster said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It is twelve on the bell!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tis scarcely ten, now,&quot; said the king;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I heard the clock mysell.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Before the hour the queen is brought,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The burning to proceed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In a black velvet chair she's set,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A token for the dead.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She saw the flames ascending high,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The tears blinded her e'e:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where is the worthy knight,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Who is to fight for me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the king himsel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My dearest, have no doubt,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For yonder comes the man himsel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As bold as ere set out.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They then advanced to fight the duel</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With swords of temper'd steel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till down the blood of Rodingham</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came running to his heel.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Hugh took out a lusty sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'Twas of the metal clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has pierced Rodingham</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till's heart-blood did appear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Confess your treachery, now,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;This day before you die!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I do confess my treachery,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I shall no longer lye:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I like to wicked Haman am,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;This day I shall be slain.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen was brought to her chamber</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A good woman again.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The queen then said unto the king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Arbattle's near the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Give it unto the northern knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That this day fought for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then said the king, &quot;Come here, sir knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And drink a glass of wine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, if Arbattle's not enough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To it we'll Fordoun join.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_90">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Plooky</i>&mdash;Pimpled.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON SIR HUGH LE BLOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Until he met a leper-man. &amp;c.</i>&mdash;P. 268. v. 4.</span><br>
+
+<p>Filth, poorness of living, and the want of linen, made this horrible
+disease formerly very common in Scotland. Robert Bruce died of the
+leprosy; and, through all Scotland, there were hospitals erected for
+the reception of lepers, to prevent their mingling with the rest of the
+community.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;It is twelve on the bell!&quot;</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;Tis scarcely ten, now,&quot; said the king, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;P. 272. v. 2.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the romance of Doolin, called <i>La Fleur des Battailles</i>, a false
+accuser discovers a similar impatience to hurry over the execution,
+before the arrival of the lady's champion:&mdash;<i>&quot;Ainsi comme Herchambaut
+vouloit jetter la dame dedans le feu, Sanxes de Clervaut va a lui, si
+lui dict; 'Sire Herchambaut, vous estes trop a blasmer; car vous ne
+devez mener ceste chose que par droit ainsi qu'il est ordonn&egrave;; je veux
+accorder que ceste dame ait un vassal qui la diffendra contre vous et
+Drouart, car elle n'a point de coulpe en ce que l'accusez; si la devez
+retarder jusque a midy, pour scavoir si un bon chevalier l'a viendra
+secourir centre vous et Drouart.&quot;</i>&mdash;Cap. 22.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;And, if Arbattle's not enough,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>&quot;To it we'll Fordoun join.&quot;</i>&mdash;P. 274. v. 1.</span><br>
+
+<p>Arbattle is the ancient name of the barony of Arbuthnot. Fordun has long
+been the patrimony of the same family.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>GRAEME AND BEWICK.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The date of this ballad, and its subject, are uncertain. From internal
+evidence, I am inclined to place it late in the sixteenth century. Of
+the Graemes enough is elsewhere said. It is not impossible, that such
+a clan, as they are described, may have retained the rude ignorance
+of ancient border manners to a later period than their more inland
+neighbours; and hence the taunt of old Bewick to Graeme. Bewick is an
+ancient name in Cumberland and Northumberland. The ballad itself was
+given, in the first edition, from the recitation of a gentleman, who
+professed to have forgotten some verses. These have, in the present
+edition, been partly restored, from a copy obtained by the recitation of
+an ostler in Carlisle, which has also furnished some slight alterations.</p>
+
+<p>The ballad is remarkable, as containing, probably, the very latest
+allusion to the institution of brotherhood in arms, which was held so
+sacred in the days of chivalry, and whose origin may be traced up to the
+Scythian ancestors of Odin. Many of the old romances turn entirely upon
+the sanctity of the engagement, contracted by the <i>freres d'armes</i>. In
+that of <i>Amis and Amelion</i>, the hero slays his two infant children, that
+he may compound a potent salve with their blood, to cure the leprosy of
+his brother in arms. The romance of <i>Gyron le Courtois</i> has a similar
+subject. I think the hero, like Graeme in the ballad, kills himself, out
+of some high point of honour towards his friend.</p>
+
+<p>The quarrel of the two old chieftains, over their wine, is highly in
+character. Two generations have not elapsed since the custom of drinking
+deep, and taking deadly revenge for slight offences, produced very
+tragical events on the border; to which the custom of going armed to
+festive meetings contributed not a little. A minstrel, who flourished
+about 1720, and is often talked of by the old people, happened to be
+performing before one of these parties, when they betook themselves to
+their swords. The cautious musician, accustomed to such scenes, dived
+beneath the table. A moment after, a man's hand, struck off with a
+back-sword, fell beside him. The minstrel secured it carefully in
+his pocket, as he would have done any other loose moveable; sagely
+observing, the owner would miss it sorely next morning. I chuse rather
+to give this ludicrous example, than some graver instances of bloodshed
+at border orgies. I observe it is said, in a MS. account of Tweeddale,
+in praise of the inhabitants, that, &quot;when they fall in the humour of
+good fellowship, they use it as a cement and bond of society, and not
+to foment revenge, quarrels, and murders, which is usual in other
+countries;&quot; by which we ought, probably, to understand Selkirkshire and
+Teviotdale.&mdash;<i>Macfarlane's MSS.</i></p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>GRAEME AND BEWICK.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude lord Graeme is to Carlisle gane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sir Robert Bewick there met he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And arm in arm to the wine they did go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And they drank till they were baith merrie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude lord Graeme has ta'en up the cup,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sir Robert Bewick, and here's to thee!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And here's to our twae sons at hame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For they like us best in our ain countrie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O were your son a lad like mine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And learn'd some books that he could read,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They might hae been twae brethren bauld,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And they might hae bragged the border side.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But your son's a lad, and he is but bad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And billie to my son he canna be;</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye sent him to the schools, and he wadna learn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye bought him books, and he wadna read.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But my blessing shall he never earn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till I see how his arm can defend his head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude lord Graeme has a reckoning call'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A reckoning then called he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he paid a crown, and it went roun';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">It was all for the gude wine and free.<a name="FNanchor_A_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_91"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has to the stable gaen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where there stude thirty steeds and three;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en his ain horse amang them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And hame he' rade sae manfullie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wellcome, my auld father!&quot; said Christie Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But where sae lang frae hame were ye?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It's I hae been at Carlisle town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a baffled man by thee I be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hae been at Carlisle town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Where Sir Robert Bewick he met me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He says ye're a lad, and ye are but bad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And billie to his son ye canna be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I sent ye to the schools, and ye wadna learn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I bought ye books, and ye wadna read;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Therefore, my blessing ye shall never earn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till I see with Bewick thou save thy head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, God forbid, my auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ever sic a thing suld be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Billie Bewick was my master, and I was his scholar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And aye sae weel as he learned me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald thy tongue, thou limmer lown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And of thy talking let me be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If thou does na end me this quarrel soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There is my glove I'll fight wi' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Christie Graeme he stooped low</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Unto the ground, you shall understand;&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O father, put on your glove again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The wind has blown it from your hand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What's that thou says, thou limmer loun?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;How dares thou stand to speak to me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If thou do not end this quarrel soon,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There's my right hand thou shalt fight with me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Christie Graeme's to his chamber gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To consider weel what then should be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whether he suld fight with his auld father</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or with his billie Bewick, he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I suld kill my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;God's blessing I sall never win;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if I strike at my auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I think 'twald be a mortal sin.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if I kill my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It is God's will! so let it be.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I make a vow, ere I gang frae hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That I shall be the next man's die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he's put on's back a good ould jack,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And on his head a cap of steel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sword and buckler by his side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O gin he did not become them weel!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">We'll leave off talking of Christie Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And talk of him again belive;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And we will talk of bonnie Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where he was teaching his scholars five.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he had taught them well to fence,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And handle swords without any doubt;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took his sword under his arm,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he walked his father's close about.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He looked atween him and the sun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a' to see what there might be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till he spied a man, in armour bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was riding that way most hastilie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha is yon, that came this way,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae hastilie that hither came?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I think it be my brother dear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I think it be young Christie Graeme.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're welcome here, my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And thrice you're welcome unto me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I'm wae to say, I've seen the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;When I am come to fight with thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My father's gane to Carlisle town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' your father Bewick there met he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He says I'm a lad, and I am but bad,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a baffled man I trow I be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He sent me to schools, and I wadna learn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He gae me books, and I wadna read;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sae my father's blessing I'll never earn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till he see how my arm can guard my head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O God forbid, my billie dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ever such a thing suld be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll take three men on either side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And see if we can our fathers agree.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald thy tongue, now, billie Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And of thy talking let me be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But if thou'rt a man, as I'm sure thou art,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Come o'er the dyke, and fight wi' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I hae nae harness, billie, on my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As weel I see there is on thine.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But as little harness as is on thy back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As little, billie, shall be on mine.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then he's thrown aff his coat of mail,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His cap of steel away flung he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He stuck his spear into the ground,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he tied his horse unto a tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then Bewick has thrown aff his cloak,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And's psalter-book frae's hand flung he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He laid his hand upon the dyke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ower he lap most manfullie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they hae fought for twae lang hours;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When twae lang hours were come and gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sweat drapped fast frae aff them baith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But a drap of blude could not be seen.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till Graeme gae Bewick an ackward<a name="FNanchor_B_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_92"><sup>[B]</sup></a> stroke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ane ackward stroke, strucken sickerlie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He has hit him under the left breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dead-wounded to the ground fell he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, now, hillie dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Arise, and speak three words to me!&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Whether thou'se gotten thy deadly wound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or if God and good leaching may succour thee?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O horse, O horse, now billie Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And get thee far from hence with speed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And get thee out of this country,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That none may know who has done the deed.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I have slain thee, billie Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;If this be true thou tellest to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I made a vow, ere I came frae hame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That aye the next man I wad be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He has pitched his sword in a moodie-hill,<a name="FNanchor_C_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_93"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he has leap'd twentie lang feet and three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And on his ain sword's point he lap,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And dead upon the grund fell he.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twas then came up Sir Robert Bewick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And his brave son alive saw he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Rise up, rise up, my son,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I think ye hae gotten the victorie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald your tongue, my father dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Of your prideful talking let me be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye might hae drunken your wine in peace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And let me and my billie be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae dig a grave, baith wide and deep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;A grave to hald baith him and me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But lay Christie Graeme on the sunny side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For I'm sure he wan the victorie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alack! a wae!&quot; auld Bewick cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Alack! was I not much to blame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'm sure I've lost the liveliest lad</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That e'er was born unto my name.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alack! a wae!&quot; quo' gude Lord Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I'm sure I hae lost the deeper lack!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I durst hae ridden the Border through,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Had Christie Graeme been at my back.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Had I been led through Liddesdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And thirty horsemen guarding me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And Christie Gramme been at my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae soon as he had set me free!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I've lost my hopes, I've lost my joy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I've lost the key but and the lock;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I durst hae ridden the world round,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Had Christie Graeme been at my back.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_91">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The ostler's copy reads very characteristically&mdash; &quot;It was
+all for good wine and <i>hay</i>.&quot;</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_92">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Ackward</i>&mdash;Backward.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_93">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Moodie-hill</i>&mdash;Mole-hill.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART. IN TWO PARTS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Duels, as may be seen from the two preceding ballads, are derived from
+the times of chivalry. They succeeded to the <i>combat at outrance</i>,
+about the end of the sixteenth century; and, though they were no longer
+countenanced by the laws, nor considered a solemn appeal to the Deity,
+nor honoured by the presence of applauding monarchs and multitudes, yet
+they were authorised by the manners of the age, and by the applause of
+the fair.<a name="FNanchor_A_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_94"><sup>[A]</sup></a> They long continued, they even yet continue, to be appealed
+to, as the test of truth; since, by the code of honour, every gentleman
+is still bound to repel a charge of falsehood with the point of his
+sword, and at the peril of his life. This peculiarity of manners, which
+would have surprised an ancient Roman, is obviously deduced from the
+Gothic ordeal of trial by combat. Nevertheless, the custom of duelling
+was considered, at its first introduction, as an innovation upon the law
+of arms; and a book, in two huge volumes, entituled <i>Le vrai Theatre
+d' Honneur et de la Chivalerie</i>, was written by a French nobleman,
+to support the venerable institutions of chivalry against this
+unceremonious mode of combat. He has chosen for his frontispiece two
+figures; the first represents a conquering knight, trampling his enemy
+under foot in the lists, crowned by Justice with laurel, and preceded by
+Fame, sounding his praises. The other figure presents a duellist, in
+his shirt, as was then the fashion (see the following ballad), with his
+bloody rapier in his hand: the slaughtered combatant is seen in the
+distance, and the victor is pursued by the Furies. Nevertheless, the
+wise will make some scruple, whether, if the warriors were to change
+equipments, they might not also exchange their emblematic attendants.
+The modern mode of duel, without defensive armour, began about the reign
+of Henry III. of France, when the gentlemen of that nation, as we learn
+from Davila, began to lay aside the cumbrous lance and cuirass, even in
+war. The increase of danger being supposed to contribute to the increase
+of honour, the national ardour of the french gallants led them early to
+distinguish themselves by neglect of every thing, that could contribute
+to their personal safety. Hence, duels began to be fought by the
+combatants in their shirts, and with the rapier only. To this custom
+contributed also the art of fencing, then cultivated as a new study in
+Italy and Spain, by which the sword became, at once, an offensive and
+defensive weapon. The reader will see the new &quot;science of defence,&quot; as
+it was called, ridiculed by Shakespeare, in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, and
+by Don Quevedo, in some of his novels. But the more ancient customs
+continued for some time to maintain their ground. The sieur Colombiere
+mentions two gentlemen, who fought with equal advantage for a whole day,
+in all the panoply of chivalry, and, the next day, had recourse to the
+modern mode of combat. By a still more extraordinary mixture of ancient
+and modern fashions, two combatants on horseback ran a tilt at each
+other with lances, without any covering but their shirts.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_94">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> &quot;All things being ready for the ball, and every one being
+in their place, and I myself being next to the queen (of France),
+expecting when the dancers would come in, one knockt at the door
+somewhat louder than became, as I thought, a very civil person. When he
+came in, I remember there was a sudden whisper among the ladies, saying,
+'C'est Monsieur Balagny,' or, 'tis Monsieur Balagny; whereupon, also,
+I saw the ladies and gentlewomen, one after another, invite him to sit
+near them; and, which is more, when one lady had his company a while,
+another would say, 'you have enjoyed him long enough; I must have him
+now;' at which bold civility of theirs, though I were astonished, yet it
+added unto my wonder, that his person could not be thought, at most, but
+ordinary handsome; his hair, which was cut very short, half grey, his
+doublet but of sackcloth, cut to his shirt, and his breeches only of
+plain grey cloth. Informing myself of some standers by who he was, I was
+told he was one of the gallantest men in the world, as having killed
+eight or nine men in single fight; and that, for this reason, the ladies
+made so much of him; it being the manner of all French women to cherish
+gallant men, as thinking they could not make so much of any one else,
+with the safety of their honour.&quot;&mdash;<i>Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,</i>
+p. 70. How near the character of the duellist, originally, approached to
+that of the knight-errant, appears from a transaction, which took place
+at the siege of Juliers, betwixt this Balagny and Lord Herbert. As
+these two noted duellists stood together in the trenches, the Frenchman
+addressed Lord Herbert: <i>&quot;Monsieur, on dit que vous etes un des plus
+braves de votre nation, et je suis Balagny; allons voir qui fera le
+mieux.&quot;</i> With these words, Balagny jumped over the trench, and Herbert
+as speedily following, both ran sword in hand towards the defences
+of the besieged town, which welcomed their approach with a storm of
+musquetry and artillery. Balagny then observed, this was hot service;
+but Herbert swore, he would not turn back first; so the Frenchman was
+finally fain to set him the example or retreat. Notwithstanding the
+advantage which he had gained over Balagny, in this &quot;jeopardy of war,&quot;
+Lord Herbert seems still to have grudged that gentleman's astonishing
+reputation; for he endeavoured to pick a quarrel with him, on the
+romantic score of the worth of their mistresses; and, receiving a
+ludicrous answer, told him, with disdain, that he spoke more like a
+<i>palliard</i> than a <i>cavalier</i>. From such instances the reader may judge,
+whether the age of chivalry did not endure somewhat longer than is
+generally supposed.</p></div>
+
+<p>When armour was laid aside, the consequence was, that the first duels
+were very sanguinary, terminating frequently in the death of one, and
+sometimes, as in the ballad, of both persons engaged. Nor was this all:
+The seconds, who had nothing to do with the quarrel, fought stoutly,
+<i>pour se desennuyer</i>, and often sealed with their blood their friendship
+for their principal. A desperate combat, fought between Messrs Entraguet
+and Caylus, is said to have been the first, in which this fashion of
+promiscuous fight was introduced. It proved fatal to two of Henry the
+Third's minions, and extracted from that sorrowing monarch an edict
+against duelling, which was as frequently as fruitlessly renewed by his
+successors. The use of rapier and poniard together,<a name="FNanchor_A_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_95"><sup>[A]</sup></a> was another cause
+of the mortal slaughter in these duels, which were supposed, in the
+reign of Henry IV., to have cost France at least as many of her nobles
+as had fallen in the civil wars. With these double weapons, frequent
+instances occurred, in which a duellist, mortally wounded, threw himself
+within his antagonist's guard, and plunged his poniard into his heart.
+Nay, sometimes the sword was altogether abandoned for the more sure
+and murderous dagger. A quarrel having arisen betwixt the vicompte d'
+Allemagne and the sieur de la Roque, the former, alleging the youth and
+dexterity of his antagonist, insisted upon fighting the duel in their
+shirts, and with their poniards only; a desperate mode of conflict,
+which proved fatal to both. Others refined even upon this horrible
+struggle, by chusing for the scene a small room, a large hogshead, or,
+finally, a hole dug in the earth, into which the duellists descended, as
+into a certain grave.&mdash;Must I add, that even women caught the phrenzy,
+and that duels were fought, not only by those whose rank and character
+rendered it little surprising, but by modest and well-born maidens!
+<i>Audiguier Trait&eacute; de Duel. Theatre D' Honneur,</i> Vol. I.<a name="FNanchor_B_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_96"><sup>[B]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_95">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> It appears from a line in the black-letter copy of the
+following ballad, that Wharton and Stuart fought with rapier and dagger:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With that stout Wharton was the first</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Took <i>rapier</i> and <i>poniard</i> there that day.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Ancient Songs,</i> 1792, p. 204.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_96">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> This folly ran to such a pitch, that no one was thought
+worthy to be reckoned a gentleman, who had not tried his valour in at
+least one duel; of which Lord Herbert gives the following instance:&mdash;A
+young gentleman, desiring to marry a niece of Monsieur Disaucour,
+<i>ecuyer</i> to the duke de Montmorenci, received this answer: &quot;Friend, it
+is not yet time to marry; if you will be a brave man, you must first
+kill, in single combat, two or three men; then marry, and get two or
+three children; otherwise the world will neither have gained or lost by
+you.&quot; HERBERT'S <i>Life</i>, p. 64.</p></div>
+
+<p>We learn, from every authority, that duels became nearly as common in
+England, after the accession of James VI., as they had ever been in
+France. The point of honour, so fatal to the gallants of the age, was no
+where carried more highly than at the court of the pacific <i>Solomon</i>
+of Britain. Instead of the feudal combats, upon the <i>Hie-gate of
+Edinburgh</i>, which had often disturbed his repose at Holy-rood, his
+levees, at Theobald's, were occupied with listening to the detail of
+more polished, but not less sanguinary, contests. I rather suppose, that
+James never was himself disposed to pay particular attention to the laws
+of the <i>duello;</i> but they were defined with a quaintness and pedantry,
+which, bating his dislike to the subject, must have deeply interested
+him. The point of honour was a science, which a grown gentleman might
+study under suitable professors, as well as dancing, or any other
+modish accomplishment. Nay, it would appear, that the ingenuity of
+the <i>sword-men</i> (so these military casuists were termed) might often
+accommodate a bashful combatant with an honourable excuse for declining
+the combat:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;Understand'st them well nice points of duel?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Art born of gentle blood and pure descent?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Were none of all thy lineage hang'd, or cuckold?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bastard or bastinadoed? Is thy pedigree</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As long, as wide as mine? For otherwise</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thou wert most unworthy; and 'twere loss of honour</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">In me to fight. More: I have drawn five teeth&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If thine stand sound, the terms are much unequal;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, by strict laws of duel, I am excused</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To fight on disadvantage.&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Albumazar,</i> Act IV. Sc. 7.</span><br>
+
+<p>In Beaumont and Fletcher's admirable play of <i>A King and no King</i>, there
+is some excellent mirth at the expence of the professors of the point of
+honour.</p>
+
+<p>But, though such shifts might occasionally be resorted to by the
+faint-hearted, yet the fiery cavaliers of the English court were but
+little apt to profit by them; though their vengeance for insulted honour
+sometimes vented itself through fouler channels than that of fair combat
+It happened, for example, that Lord Sanquhar, a Scottish nobleman, in
+fencing with a master of the noble science of defence, lost his eye by
+an unlucky thrust. The accident was provoking, but without remedy; nor
+did Lord Sanquhar think of it, unless with regret, until some years
+after, when he chanced to be in the French court. Henry the Great
+casually asked him, how he lost his eye? &quot;By the thrust of a sword,&quot;
+answered Lord Sanquhar, not caring to enter into particulars. The king,
+supposing the accident the consequence of a duel, immediately enquired,
+&quot;Does the man yet live?&quot; These few words set the blood of the Scottish
+nobleman on fire; nor did he rest till he had taken the base vengeance
+of assassinating, by hired ruffians, the unfortunate fencing-master. The
+mutual animosity betwixt the English and Scottish nations, had already
+occasioned much bloodshed among the gentry, by single combat; and James
+now found himself under the necessity of making a striking example of
+one of his Scottish nobles, to avoid the imputation of the grossest
+partiality. Lord Sanquhar was condemned to be hanged, and suffered that
+ignominious punishment accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>By a circuitous route, we are now arrived at the subject of our ballad;
+for, to the tragical duel of Stuart and Wharton, and to other instances
+of bloody combats and brawls betwixt the two nations, is imputed James's
+firmness in the case of Lord Sanquhar.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;For Ramsay, one of the king's servants, not long before Sanquhar's
+trial, had switched the earl of Montgomery, who was the king's first
+favourite, happily because he tooke it so. Maxwell, another of them, had
+bitten Hawley, a gentleman of the Temple, by the ear, which enraged the
+Templars (in those times riotous, and subject to tumults), and brought
+it allmost to a national quarrel, till the king slept in, and took it up
+himself.&mdash;The Lord Bruce had summoned Sir Edward Sackville (afterward
+earl of Dorset), into France, with a fatal compliment, to take death
+from his hand.<a name="FNanchor_A_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_97"><sup>[A]</sup></a> <i>And the much lamented Sir James Stuart, one of the
+king's blood, and Sir George Wharton, the prime branch of that noble
+family, for little worthless punctilios of honor (being intimate
+friends), took the field, and fell together by each others
+hand.&quot;</i>&mdash;WILSON'S Life of James VI. p. 60.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_97">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> See an account of this desperate duel in the <i>Guardian</i>.</p></div>
+
+<p>The sufferers in this melancholy affair were both men of high birth, the
+heirs apparent of two noble families, and youths of the most promising
+expectation. Sir James Stuart was a knight of the Bath, and eldest
+son of Walter, first lord Blantyre, by Nicolas, daughter of Sir James
+Somerville, of Cambusnethan. Sir George Wharton was also a knight of the
+Bath, and eldest son of Philip, lord Wharton, by Frances, daughter of
+Henry Clifford, earl of Cumberland. He married Anne, daughter of the
+earl of Rutland, but left no issue.</p>
+
+<p>The circumstances of the quarrel and combat are accurately detailed in
+the ballad, of which there exists a black-letter copy in the Pearson
+Collection, now in the library of the late John duke of Roxburghe,
+entitled, &quot;A Lamentable Ballad, of a Combate, lately fought, near
+London, between Sir James Stewarde, and Sir George Wharton, knights,
+who were both slain at that time.&mdash;To the tune of, <i>Down Plumpton Park,
+&amp;c</i>.&quot; A copy of this ballad has been published in Mr Ritson's <i>Ancient
+Songs</i>, and, upon comparison, appears very little different from that
+which has been preserved by tradition in Ettrick Forest. Two verses have
+been added, and one considerably improved, from Mr Ritson's edition.
+These three stanzas are the fifth and ninth of Part First, and the
+penult verse of Part Second. I am thus particular, that the reader may
+be able, if he pleases, to compare the traditional ballad with the
+original edition. It furnishes striking evidence, that, &quot;without
+characters, fame lives long.&quot; The difference, chiefly to be remarked
+betwixt the copies, lies in the dialect, and in some modifications
+applicable to Scotland; as, using the words <i>&quot;Our Scottish Knight.&quot;</i>
+The black-letter ballad, in like manner, terms Wharton <i>&quot;Our English
+Knight.&quot;</i> My correspondent, James Hogg, adds the following note to this
+ballad: &quot;I have heard this song sung by several old people; but all
+of them with this tradition, that Wharton bribed Stuart's second, and
+actually fought in armour. I acknowledge, that, from some dark hints in
+the song, this appears not impossible; but, that you may not judge
+too rashly, I must remind you, that the old people, inhabiting the
+head-lands (high grounds) hereabouts, although possessed of many
+original songs, traditions, and anecdotes, are most unreasonably partial
+when the valour or honour of a Scotsman is called in question.&quot; I
+retain this note, because it is characteristic; but I agree with my
+correspondent, there can be no foundation for the tradition, except in
+national partiality.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.</p>
+
+<p>PART FIRST.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It grieveth me to tell you o'</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Near London late what did befal,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twixt two young gallant gentlemen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">It grieveth me, and ever shall.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">One of them was Sir George Wharton,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My good Lord Wharton's son and heir;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The other, James Stuart, a Scottish knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">One that a valiant heart did bear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When first to court these nobles came,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">One night, a gaining, fell to words;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And in their fury grew so hot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That they did both try their keen swords.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No manner of treating, nor advice,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Could hold from striking in that place;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For, in the height and heat of blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">James struck George Wharton on the face.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What doth this mean,&quot; George Wharton said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To strike in such unmanly sort?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, that I take it at thy hands,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The tongue of man shall ne'er report!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But do thy worst, then,&quot; said Sir James,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Now do thy worst! appoint a day!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's not a lord in England breathes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Shall gar me give an inch of way.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye brag right weel,&quot; George Wharton said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Let our brave lords at large alane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And speak of me, that am thy foe;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For you shall find enough o' ane!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll alterchange my glove wi' thine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I'll show it on the bed o' death;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I mean the place where we shall fight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There ane or both maun lose life and breath!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll meet near Waltham,&quot; said Sir James;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To-morrow, that shall be the day.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We'll either take a single man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And try who bears the bell away.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then down together hands they shook,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Without any envious sign;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then went to Ludgate, where they lay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And each man drank his pint of wine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No kind of envy could be seen,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No kind of malice they did betray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But a' was clear and calm as death,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whatever in their bosoms lay,</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till parting time; and then, indeed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They shew'd some rancour in their heart;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Next time we meet,&quot; says George Wharton,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Not half sae soundly we shall part!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So they have parted, firmly bent</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Their valiant minds equal to try:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The second part shall clearly show,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Both how they meet, and how they dye.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.</p>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Wharton was the first ae man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came to the appointed place that day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where he espyed our Scots lord coming,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as he could post away.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They met, shook hands; their cheeks were pale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Then to George Wharton James did say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I dinna like your doublet, George,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It stands sae weel on you this day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Say, have you got no armour on?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Have ye no under robe of steel?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I never saw an English man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Become his doublet half sae weel.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fy no! fy no!&quot; George Wharton said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For that's the thing that mauna be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That I should come wi' armour on,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And you a naked man truly.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Our men shall search our doublets, George,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And see if one of us do lie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then will we prove, wi' weapons sharp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ourselves true gallants for to be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they threw off their doublets both,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And stood up in their sarks o' lawn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, take my counsel,&quot; said Sir James,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wharton, to thee I'll make it knawn:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;So as we stand, so will we fight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Thus naked in our sarks,&quot; said he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fy no! fy no!&quot; George Wharton says;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That is the thing that must not be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We're neither drinkers, quarrellers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor men that cares na for oursel;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor minds na what we're gaun about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or if we're gaun to heav'n or hell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Let us to God bequeath our souls,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Our bodies to the dust and clay!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With that he drew his deadly sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The first was drawn on field that day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Se'en bouts and turns these heroes had,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or e'er a drop o' blood was drawn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Our Scotch lord, wond'ring, quickly cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Stout Wharton! thou still hauds thy awn!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The first stroke that George Wharton gae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He struck him thro' the shoulder-bane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The neist was thro' the thick o' the thigh;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He thought our Scotch lord had been slain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Oh! ever alak!&quot; George Wharton cry'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Art thou a living man, tell me?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If there's a surgeon living can,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He'se cure thy wounds right speedily.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;No more of that!&quot; James Stuart said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Speak not of curing wounds to me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For one of us must yield our breath,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ere off the field one foot we flee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They looked oure their shoulders both,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To see what company was there;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They both had grievous marks of death,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But frae the other nane wad steer.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Wharton was the first that fell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Our Scotch lord fell immediately:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They both did cry to Him above,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To save their souls, for they boud die.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This fragment, obtained from recitation in the Forest of Ettrick, is
+said to relate to the execution of Cokburne of Henderland, a border
+freebooter, hanged over the gate of his own tower by James V., in the
+course of that memorable expedition, in 1529, which was fatal to Johnie
+Armstrang, Adam Scott of Tushielaw, and many other marauders. The
+vestiges of the castle of Henderland are still to be traced upon the
+farm of that name, belonging to Mr Murray of Henderland. They are
+situated near the mouth of the river Meggat, which falls into the lake
+of St Mary, in Selkirkshire. The adjacent country, which now hardly
+bears a single tree, is celebrated by Lesly, as, in his time, affording
+shelter to the largest stags in Scotland. A mountain torrent, called
+Henderland Burn, rushes impetuously from the hills, through a rocky
+chasm, named the Dow-glen, and passes near the site of the tower. To the
+recesses of this glen the wife of Cokburne is said to have retreated,
+during the execution of her husband; and a place, called the <i>Lady's
+Seat</i>, is still shewn, where she is said to have striven to drown, amid
+the roar of a foaming cataract, the tumultuous noise, which announced
+the close of his existence. In a deserted burial-place, which once
+surrounded the chapel of the castle, the monument of Cokburne and his
+lady is still shewn. It is a large stone, broken into three parts; but
+some armorial bearings may be yet traced, and the following inscription
+is still legible, though defaced:</p>
+
+<p>HERE LYES PERYS OF COKBURNE AND HIS WYFE MARJORY.</p>
+
+<p>Tradition says, that Cokburne was surprised by the king, while sitting
+at dinner. After the execution, James marched rapidly forward, to
+surprise Adam Scott of Tushielaw, called the King of the Border, and
+sometimes the King of Thieves. A path through the mountains, which
+separate the vale of Ettrick from the head of Yarrow, is still called
+the <i>King's Road</i>, and seems to have been the rout which he followed.
+The remains of the tower of Tushielaw are yet visible, overhanging the
+wild banks of the Ettrick; and are an object of terror to the benighted
+peasant, from an idea of their being haunted by spectres. From these
+heights, and through the adjacent county of Peebles, passes a wild path,
+called still the <i>Thief's Road</i>, from having been used chiefly by the
+marauders of the border.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My love he built me a bonny bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And clad it a' wi' lilye flour;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A brawer bower ye ne'er did see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than my true love he built for me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There came a man, by middle day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He spied his sport, and went away;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And brought the king that very night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who brake my bower, and slew my knight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He slew my knight, to me sae dear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He slew my knight, and poin'd<a name="FNanchor_A_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_98"><sup>[A]</sup></a> his gear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My servants all for life did flee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And left me in extremitie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I sew'd his sheet, making my mane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I watched the corpse, myself alane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I watched his body, night and day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No living creature came that way.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I took his body on my back,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And whiles I gaed, and whiles I satte;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I digg'd a grave, and laid him in,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And happ'd him with the sod sae green.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But think na ye my heart was sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When I laid the moul on his yellow hair?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O think na ye my heart was wae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When I turn'd about, away to gae?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nae living man I'll love again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Since that my lovely knight is slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' ae lock of his yellow hair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I'll chain my heart for evermair.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_98">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Poin'd</i>&mdash;Poinded, attached by legal distress.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>FAIR HELEN OF KIRCONNELL.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The following very popular ballad has been handed down by tradition in
+its present imperfect state. The affecting incident, on which it is
+founded, is well known. A lady, of the name of Helen Irving, or Bell,<a name="FNanchor_A_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_99"><sup>[A]</sup></a>
+(for this is disputed by the two clans) daughter of the laird of
+Kirconnell, in Dumfries-shire, and celebrated for her beauty, was
+beloved by two gentlemen in the neighbourhood. The name of the favoured
+suitor was Adam Fleming, of Kirkpatrick; that of the other has escaped
+tradition; though it has been alleged, that he was a Bell, of Blacket
+House. The addresses of the latter were, however, favoured by the
+friends of the lady, and the lovers were therefore obliged to meet in
+secret, and by night, in the church-yard of Kirconnell, a romantic spot,
+surrounded by the river Kirtle. During one of those private interviews,
+the jealous and despised lover suddenly appeared on the opposite bank of
+the stream, and levelled his carabine at the breast of his rival. Helen
+threw herself before her lover, received in her bosom the bullet, and
+died in his arms. A desperate and mortal combat ensued between Fleming
+and the murderer, in which the latter was cut to pieces. Other accounts
+say, that Fleming pursued his enemy to Spain, and slew him in the
+streets of Madrid.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_99">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This dispute is owing to the uncertain date of the ballad;
+for, although the last proprietors if Kirconnell were Irvings, when
+deprived of their possession by Robert Maxwell in 1600, yet Kirconnell
+is termed in old chronicles <i>The Bell's Tower;</i> and a stone, with the
+arms of that family, has been found among its ruins. Fair Helen's
+sirname, therefore, depends upon the period at which she lived, which it
+is now impossible to ascertain.</p></div>
+
+<p>The ballad, as now published, consists of two parts. The first seems to
+be an address, either by Fleming or his rival, to the lady; if, indeed,
+it constituted any portion of the original poem. For the editor cannot
+help suspecting, that these verses have been the production of a
+different and inferior bard, and only adapted to the original measure
+and tune. But this suspicion, being unwarranted by any copy he has been
+able to procure, he does not venture to do more than intimate his own
+opinion. The second part, by far the most beautiful, and which is
+unquestionably original, forms the lament of Fleming over the grave of
+fair Helen.</p>
+
+<p>The ballad is here given, without alteration or improvement, from the
+most accurate copy which could be recovered. The fate of Helen has not,
+however, remained unsung by modern bards. A lament, of great poetical
+merit, by the learned historian Mr Pinkerton, with several other poems
+on this subject, have been printed in various forms.</p>
+
+<p>The grave of the lovers is yet shewn in the church-yard of Kirconnell,
+near Springkell. Upon the tomb-stone can still be read&mdash;<i>Hie jacet
+Adamus Fleming;</i> a cross and sword are sculptured on the stone. The
+former is called, by the country people, the gun with which Helen was
+murdered; and the latter, the avenging sword of her lover. <i>Sit illis
+terra levis!</i> A heap of stones is raised on the spot where the murder
+was committed; a token of abhorrence common to most nations.<a name="FNanchor_A_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_100"><sup>[A]</sup></a></p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_100">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> This practice has only very lately become obsolete in
+Scotland. The editor remembers, that, a few years ago, a cairn was
+pointed out to him in the King's Park of Edinburgh, which had been
+raised in detestation of a cruel murder, perpetrated by one Nicol
+Muschet, on the body of his wife, in that place, in the year 1720.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>FAIR HELEN.</p>
+
+<p>PART FIRST.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O! sweetest sweet, and fairest fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of birth and worth beyond compare,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thou art the causer of my care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Since first I loved thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet God hath given to me a mind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The which to thee shall prove as kind</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As any one that thou shalt find,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of high or low degree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The shallowest water makes maist din,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The deadest pool the deepest linn.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The richest man least truth within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Though he preferred be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet, nevertheless, I am content,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And never a whit my love repent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But think the time was a' weel spent,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Though I disdained be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O! Helen sweet, and maist complete,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My captive spirit's at thy feet!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thinks thou still fit thus for to treat</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy captive cruelly?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O! Helen brave! but this I crave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of thy poor slave some pity have,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And do him save that's near his grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dies for love of thee.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>FAIR HELEN.</p>
+
+<p>PART SECOND.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I wish I were where Helen lies!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Night and day on me she cries;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O that I were where Helen lies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Curst be the heart, that thought the thought,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And curst the hand, that fired the shot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When in my arms burd<a name="FNanchor_A_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_101"><sup>[A]</sup></a> Helen dropt,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And died to succour me!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O think na ye my heart was sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When my love dropt down and spak nae mair!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There did she swoon wi' meikle care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As I went down the water side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">None but my foe to be my guide.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">None but my foe to be my guide,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I lighted down, my sword did draw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I hacked him in pieces sma,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I hacked him in pieces sma,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For her sake that died for me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Helen fair, beyond compare!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I'll make a garland of thy hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shall bind my heart for evermair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Untill the day I die.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O that I were where Helen lies!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Night and day on me she cries;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out of my bed she bids me rise,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says, &quot;haste, and come to me!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Helen fair! O Helen chaste!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If I were with thee I were blest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Where thou lies low, and takes thy rest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I wish my grave were growing green,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A winding sheet drawn ower my een,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And I in Helen's arms lying,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On fair Kirconnell Lee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I wish I were where Helen lies!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Night and day on me she cries;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And I am weary of the skies,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For her sake that died for me.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_101">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Burd Helen</i>&mdash;Maid Helen.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>HUGHIE THE GRAEME.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The Graemes, as we have had frequent occasion to notice, were a powerful
+and numerous clan, who chiefly inhabited the Debateable Land. They were
+said to be of Scottish extraction, and their chief claimed his descent
+from Malice, earl of Stratherne. In military service, they were more
+attached to England than to Scotland; but, in their depredations on both
+countries, they appear to have been very impartial; for, in the year
+1600, the gentlemen of Cumberland alleged to Lord Scroope, &quot;that the
+Graemes, and their clans, with their children, tenants, and servants,
+were the chiefest actors in the spoil and decay of the country.&quot;
+Accordingly, they were, at that time, obliged to give a bond of surety
+for each other's peaceable demeanour; from which bond, their numbers
+appear to have exceeded four hundred men.&mdash;See <i>Introduction to</i>
+NICOLSON'S <i>History of Cumberland,</i> p. cviii.</p>
+
+<p>Richard Graeme, of the family of Netherbye, was one of the attendants
+upon Charles I., when prince of Wales, and accompanied him upon his
+romantic journey through France and Spain. The following little
+anecdote, which then occurred, will shew, that the memory of the
+Graemes' border exploits was at that time still preserved.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;They were now entered into the deep time of Lent, and could get no
+flesh in their inns. Whereupon fell out a pleasant passage, if I may
+insert it, by the way, among more serious. There was, near Bayonne,
+a herd of goats, with their young ones; upon the sight whereof, Sir
+Richard Graham tells the marquis (of Buckingham), that he would snap one
+of the kids, and make some shift to carry him snug to their lodging.
+Which the prince overhearing, 'Why, Richard,' says he, 'do you think you
+may practise here your old tricks upon the borders?' Upon which words,
+they, in the first place, gave the goat-herd good contentment; and then,
+while the marquis and Richard, being both on foot, were chasing the kid
+about the stack, the prince, from horseback, killed him in the head,
+with a Scottish pistol.&mdash;Which circumstance, though trifling, may yet
+serve to shew how his Royal Highness, even in such slight and sportful
+damage, had a noble sense of just dealing.&quot;&mdash;<i>Sir</i> HENRY WOTTON'S <i>Life
+of the Duke of Buckingham.</i></p>
+
+<p>I find no traces of this particular Hughie Graeme, of the ballad; but,
+from the mention of the <i>Bishop</i>, I suspect he may have been one, of
+about four hundred borderers, against whom bills of complaint were
+exhibited to Robert Aldridge, lord bishop of Carlisle, about 1553, for
+divers incursions, burnings, murders, mutilations, and spoils, by them
+committed.&mdash;NICHOLSON'S <i>History, Introduction</i>, lxxxi. There appear
+a number of Graemes, in the specimen which we have of that list of
+delinquents. There occur, in particular,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ritchie Grame of Bailie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will's Jock Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fargue's Willie Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Muckle Willie Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will Grame of Rosetrees,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ritchie Grame, younger of Netherby,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wat Grame, called Flaughtail,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will Grame, Nimble Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will Grahame, Mickle Willie,</span><br>
+
+<p>with many others.</p>
+
+<p>In Mr Ritson's curious and valuable collection of legendary poetry,
+entitled <i>Ancient Songs</i>, he has published this Border ditty, from a
+collation of two old black-letter copies, one in the collection of the
+late John duke of Roxburghe, and another in the hands of John Bayne,
+Esq.&mdash;The learned editor mentions another copy, beginning, &quot;Good Lord
+John is a hunting gone.&quot; The present edition was procured for me by
+my friend Mr W. Laidlaw, in Blackhouse, and has been long current in
+Selkirkshire. Mr Ritson's copy has occasionally been resorted to for
+better readings.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>HUGHIE THE GRAEME.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gude Lord Scroope's to the hunting gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He has ridden o'er moss and muir;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has grippit Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For stealing o' the Bishop's mare.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, good Lord Scroope, this may not be!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Here hangs a broad sword by my side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if that thou canst conquer me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The matter it may soon be tryed.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ne'er was afraid of a traitor thief;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Although thy name be Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll make thee repent thee of thy deeds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;If God but grant me life and time.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then do your worst now, good Lord Scroope,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And deal your blows as hard as you can!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It shall be tried, within an hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Which of us two is the better man.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But as they were dealing their blows so free,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And both so bloody at the time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Over the moss came ten yeomen so tall,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All for to take brave Hughie the Graeme.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they hae grippit Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And brought him up through Carlisle town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The lasses and lads stood on the walls,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Crying, &quot;Hughie the Graeme, thou'se ne'er gae down!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then hae they chosen a jury of men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The best that were in Carlisle<a name="FNanchor_A_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_102"><sup>[A]</sup></a> town;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And twelve of them cried out at once,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Hughie the Graeme, thou must gae down!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up bespake him gude Lord Hume,<a name="FNanchor_B_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_103"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As he sat by the judge's knee,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Twentie white owsen, my gude lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O no, O no, my gude Lord Hume!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For sooth and sae it manna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, were there but three Graemes of the name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;They suld be hanged a' for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">'Twas up and spake the gude Lady Hume,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As she sate by the judge's knee,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A peck of white pennies, my gude lord judge,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O no, O no, my gude Lady Hume!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Forsooth and so it mustna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Were he but the one Graeme of the name,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He suld be hanged high for me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I be guilty,&quot; said Hughie the Graeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Of me my friends shall hae small talk;&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has loup'd fifteen feet and three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Though his hands they were tied behind his back.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He looked over his left shoulder,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And for to see what he might see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was he aware of his auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came tearing his hair most piteouslie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hald your tongue, my father,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And see that ye dinna weep for me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For they may ravish me o' my life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But they canna banish me fro' heaven hie.'</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fare ye weel, fair Maggie, my wife!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The last time we came ower the muir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Twas thou bereft me of my life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Here, Johnie Armstrang, take thou my sword,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That is made o' the metal sae fine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And when thou comest to the English<a name="FNanchor_C_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_104"><sup>[C]</sup></a> side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Remember the death of Hughie the Graeme.&quot;</span><br>
+
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_102">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Garlard</i>&mdash;Anc. Songs.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_103">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Boles</i>&mdash;Anc. Songs.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_104">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Border</i>&mdash;Anc, Songs.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTE ON HUGHIE THE GRAEME.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.</i>&mdash;P. 326, v. 9.</p>
+
+<p>Of the morality of Robert Aldridge, bishop of Carlisle, we know but
+little; but his political and religious faith were of a stretching and
+accommodating texture. Anthony a Wood observes, that there were many
+changes in his time, both in church and state; but that the worthy
+prelate retained his offices and preferments during them all.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.</p>
+
+<p>AN ANCIENT NITHESDALE BALLAD.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>The hero of this ballad appears to have been an outlaw and
+deer-stealer&mdash;probably one of the broken men residing upon the border.
+There are several different copies, in one of which the principal
+personage is called <i>Johnie of Cockielaw</i>. The stanzas of greatest merit
+have been selected from each copy. It is sometimes said, that this
+outlaw possessed the old castle of Morton, in Dumfries-shire, now
+ruinous:&mdash;&quot;Near to this castle there was a park, built by Sir Thomas
+Randolph, on the face of a very great and high hill; so artificially,
+that, by the advantage of the hill, all wild beasts, such as deers,
+harts, and roes, and hares, did easily leap in, but could not get out
+again; and if any other cattle, such as cows, sheep, or goats, did
+voluntarily leap in, or were forced to do it, <i>it is doubted</i> if their
+owners were permitted to get them out again.&quot;&mdash;<i>Account of Presbytery
+of Penpont, apud Macfarlane's MSS.</i> Such a park would form a convenient
+domain to an outlaw's castle, and the mention of Durrisdeer, a
+neighbouring parish, adds weight to the tradition. I have seen, on a
+mountain near Callendar, a sort of pinfold, composed of immense rocks,
+piled upon each other, which, I was told, was anciently constructed for
+the above-mentioned purpose. The mountain is thence called <i>Uah var</i>, or
+the <i>Cove of the Giant</i>.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.</p>
+
+<p>AN ANCIENT NITHISDALE BALLAD.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnie rose up in a May morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Called for water to wash his hands&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gar loose to me the gude graie dogs</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That are bound wi' iron bands,&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Johnie's mother gat word o' that,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Her hands for dule she wrang&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O Johnie! for my benison,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To the grenewood dinna gang!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Eneugh ye hae o' the gude wheat bread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And eneugh o' the blude-red wine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, therefore, for nae venison, Johnie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I pray ye, stir frae hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But Johnie's busk't up his gude bend bow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His arrows, ane by ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has gane to Durrisdeer</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To hunt the dun deer down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As he came down by Merriemass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And in by the benty line,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There has he espied a deer lying</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Aneath a bush of ling.<a name="FNanchor_A_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_105"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnie he shot, and the dun deer lap,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he wounded her on the side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, atween the water and the brae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His hounds they laid her pride.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Johnie has bryttled<a name="FNanchor_B_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_106"></a><a name="FNanchor_B_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_113"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the deer sae weel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That he's had out her liver and lungs;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And wi' these he has feasted his bludy hounds,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As if they had been erl's sons.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They eat sae much o' the venison,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And drank sae much o' the blude,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That Johnie and a' his bludy hounds</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fell asleep, as they had been dead.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And by there came a silly auld carle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An ill death mote he die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he's awa to Hislinton,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where the Seven Foresters did lie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What news, what news, ye gray-headed carle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What news bring ye to me?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I bring nae news,&quot; said the gray-headed carle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Save what these eves did see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As I came down by Merriemass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And down amang the scroggs,<a name="FNanchor_C_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_107"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The bonniest childe that ever I saw</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Lay sleeping amang his dogs.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The shirt that was upon his back</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Was o' the Holland fine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The doublet which was over that</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Was o' the lincome twine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The buttons that were on his sleeve</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Were o' the goud sae gude;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The gude graie hounds he lay amang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Their months were dyed wi' blude.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spak the First Forester,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The held man ower them a'&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nae nearer will we draw.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But up and spak the Sixth Forester,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(His sister's son was he)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;We soon snall gar him die!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The first flight of arrows the Foresters shot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They wounded him on the knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spak the Seventh Forester,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The next will gar him die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnie's set his back against an aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">His fute against a stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And he has slain the Seven Foresters,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">He has slam them a' but ane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He has broke three ribs in that ane's side,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">But and his collar bane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He's laid him twa-fald ower his steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Bade him cany the tidings hame.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;O is there na a bonnie bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;Can sing as I can say;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Could flee away to my mother's bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&quot;And tell to fetch Johnie away?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The starling flew to his mother's window stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">It whistled and it sang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And aye the ower word o' the tune</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Was&mdash;&quot;Johnie tarries lang!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They made a rod o the hazel bush,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Another o' the slae-thorn tree,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And mony mony were the men</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At fetching our Johnie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spak his auld mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And fast her tears did fa'&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye wad nae be warned, my son Johnie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Frae the hunting to bide awa.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Aft hae I brought to Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The less gear<a name="FNanchor_D_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_108"><sup>[D]</sup></a> and the mair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I ne'er brought to Breadislee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What grieved my heart sae sair!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But wae betyde that silly auld carle!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An ill death shall he die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For the highest tree in Merriemass</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Shall be his morning's fee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now Johnie's gude bend bow is broke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And his gude graie dogs are slain;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And his body lies dead in Durrisdeer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And his hunting it is done.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_105">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Ling</i>&mdash;Heath.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_106">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Brytlled</i>&mdash;To cut up venison. See the ancient ballad of
+<i>Chevy Chace</i>, v. 8.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_107">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Scroggs</i>&mdash;Stunted trees.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_108">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Gear</i>&mdash;Usually signifies <i>goods</i>, but here <i>spoil</i>.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>KATHERINE JANFARIE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>The Ballad was published in the first edition of this work, under the
+title of</i> &quot;The Laird of Laminton.&quot; <i>It is now given in a more perfect
+state, from several recited copies. The residence of the Lady, and the
+scene of the affray at her bridal, is said, by old people, to have been
+upon the banks of the Cadden, near to where it joins the Tweed. Others
+say the skirmish was fought near Traquair, and</i> KATHERINE JANFARIE'S
+<i>dwelling was in the glen, about three miles above Traquair house.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There was a may, and a weel far'd may.,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lived high up in yon glen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her name was Katherine Janfarie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She was courted by mony men.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up then came Lord Lauderdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Up frae the Lawland border;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has come to court this may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' mounted in good order.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He told na her father, he told na her mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he told na ane o' her kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he whisper'd the bonnie lassie hersel',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And has her favour won.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But out then cam Lord Lochinvar,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out frae the English border,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">All for to court this bonnie may,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weil mounted, and in order.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He told her father, he told her mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a' the lave o' her kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he told na the bonnie may hersel',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till on her wedding e'en.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sent to the Lord of Lauderdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gin he wad come and see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has sent word back again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weel answered she suld be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has sent a messenger</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Right quickly through the land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And raised mony an armed man</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To be at his command.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The bride looked out at a high window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beheld baith dale and down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she was aware of her first true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With riders mony a one.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She scoffed him, and scorned him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Upon her wedding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And said&mdash;&quot;It was the Fairy court</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To see him in array!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O come ye here to fight, young lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or come ye here to play?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or come ye here to drink good wine</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Upon the wedding day?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I come na here to fight,&quot; he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I come na here to play;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll but lead a dance wi' the bonnie bride,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And mount and go my way.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It is a glass of the blood-red wine</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was filled up them between,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye she drank to Lauderdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wha her true love had been.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And by the grass-green sleeve;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's mounted her hie behind himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At her kinsmen spear'd na leave.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now take your bride, Lord Lochinvar!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Now take her if you may!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, if you take your bride again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;We'll call it but foul play.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There were four-and-twenty bonnie boys,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' clad in the Johnstone grey;<a name="FNanchor_A_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_109"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They said they would take the bride again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">By the strong hand, if they may.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some o' them were right willing men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But they were na willing a';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And four-and-twenty Leader lads</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bid them mount and ride awa'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then whingers flew frae gentles' sides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And swords flew frae the shea's,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And red and rosy was the blood</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ran down the lily braes.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The blood ran down by Caddon bank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And down by Caddon brae;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, sighing, said the bonnie bride&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O waes me for foul play!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My blessing on your heart, sweet thing!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wae to your willfu' will!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">There's mony a gallant gentleman</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whae's blude ye have garr'd to spill.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now a' you lords of fair England,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And that dwell by the English border,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Come never here to seek a wife,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For fear of sic disorder.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They'll haik ye up, and settle ye bye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till on your wedding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then gie ye frogs instead of fish,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And play ye foul foul play.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_109">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Johnstone grey</i>&mdash;The livery of the ancient family of
+Johnstone.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAIRD O' LOGIE</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>An edition of this ballad is current, under the title of &quot;The Laird of
+Ochiltree;&quot; but the editor, since publication of this work, has been
+fortunate enough to recover the following more correct and ancient copy,
+as recited by a gentleman residing near Biggar. It agrees more nearly,
+both in the name and in the circumstances, with the real fact, than the
+printed ballad of Ochiltree.</p>
+
+<p>In the year 1592, Francis Stuart, earl of Bothwell, was agitating his
+frantic and ill-concerted attempts against the person of James VI.,
+whom he endeavoured to surprise in the palace of Falkland. Through the
+emulation and private rancour of the courtiers, he found adherents even
+about the king's person; among whom, it seems, was the hero of our
+ballad, whose history is thus narrated in that curious and valuable
+chronicle, of which the first part has been published under the title
+of &quot;The Historie of &quot;King James the Sext,&quot; and the second is now in the
+press.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;In this close tyme it fortunit, that a gentelman, callit Weymis of
+Logye, being also in credence at court, was delatit as a traffekker with
+Frances Erle Bothwell; and he being examinat before king and counsall,
+confessit his accusation to be of veritie, that sundrie tymes he had
+spokin with him, expresslie aganis the king's inhibitioun proclamit in
+the contrare, whilk confession he subscryvit with his hand; and because
+the event of this mater had sik a succes, it sall also be praysit be
+my pen, as a worthie turne, proceiding frome honest chest loove and
+charitie, whilk suld on na wayis be obscurit from the posteritie for the
+gude example; and therefore I have thought gude to insert the same for a
+perpetual memorie.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Queen Anne, our noble princess, was servit with dyverss gentilwemen
+of hir awin cuntrie, and naymelie with are callit Mres Margaret
+Twynstoun,<a name="FNanchor_A_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_110"><sup>[A]</sup></a> to whome this gentilman, Weymes of Logye, bure great
+honest affection, tending to the godlie band of marriage, the whilk was
+honestlie requytet be the said gentilwoman, yea evin in his greatest
+mister; for howsone she understude the said gentilman to be in distress,
+and apperantlie be his confession to be puueist to the death, and she
+having prevelege to ly in the queynis chalmer that same verie night of
+his accusation, whare the king was also reposing that same night, she
+came forth of the dur prevelie, bayth the prencis being then at quyet
+rest, and past to the chalmer, whare the said gentilman was put
+in custodie to certayne of the garde, and commandit thayme that
+immediatelie he sould be broght to the king and queyne, whareunto thay
+geving sure credence, obeyit. Bot howsone she was cum bak to the chalmer
+dur, she desyrit the watches to stay till he sould cum furth agayne, and
+so she closit the dur, and convoyit the gentilman to a windo', whare she
+ministrat a long corde unto him to convoy himself doun upon; and sa,
+be hir gude cheritable help, he happelie escapit be the subteltie of
+loove.&quot;</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_110">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Twynelace, according to Spottiswoode.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I will sing, if ye will hearken,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If ye will hearken unto me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has ta'en a poor prisoner,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The wanton laird o' young Logie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Young Logie's laid in Edinburgh chapel;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Carmichael's the keeper o' the key;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And may Margaret's lamenting sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A' for the love of young Logie.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lament, lament na, may Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And of your weeping let me be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For ye maun to the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To seek the life of young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May Margaret has kilted her green cleiding,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has curl'd back her yellow hair&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I canna get young Logie's life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fareweel to Scotland for evermair.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she came before the king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She knelit lowly on her knee&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O what's the matter, may Margaret?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And what needs a' this courtesie?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A boon, a boon, my noble liege,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A boon, a boon, I beg o' thee!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the first boon that I come to crave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Is to grant me the life of young Logic.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O na, O na, may Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Forsooth, and so it manna be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For a' the gowd o' fair Scotland</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Shall not save the life of young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But she has stown the king's redding kaim,<a name="FNanchor_A_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_111"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Likewise the queen her wedding knife;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sent the tokens to Carmichael,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To cause young Logic get his life.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sent him a purse o' the red gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Another o' the white monie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sent him a pistol for each hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And bade him shoot when he gat free.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he came to the tolbooth stair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There he let his volley flee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It made the king in his chamber start,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">E'en in the bed where he might be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae out, gae out, my merrymen a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And bid Carmichael come speak to me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I'll lay my life the pledge o' that,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That yon's the shot o' young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Carmichael came before the king,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He fell low down upon his knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The very first word that the king spake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was&mdash;&quot;Where's the laird of young Logie?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carmichael turn'd him round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(I wot the tear blinded his eye)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There came a token frae your grace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Has ta'en away the laird frae me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hast thou play'd me that, Carmichael?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And hast thou play'd me that?&quot; quoth he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The morn the justice court's to stand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And Logic's place ye maun supply.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carmichael's awa to Margaret's bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Even as fast as he may drie&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O if young Logie be within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Tell him to come and speak with me!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">May Margaret turned her round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(I wot a loud laugh laughed she)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The egg is chipped, the bird is flown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye'll see na mair of young Logie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The tane is shipped at the pier of Leith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The tother at the Queen's Ferrie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she's gotten a father to her bairn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The wanton laird of young Logie.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_111">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Redding kain</i>&mdash;Comb for the hair.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTE ON THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Carmichael's the keeper o' the key.</i>&mdash;P. 344. v. 2.</p>
+
+<p>Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael, the hero of the ballad, called the
+Raid of the Reidswair, was appointed captain of the king's guard in
+1588, and usually had the keeping of state criminals of rank.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>A LYKE-WAKE DIRGE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This is a sort of charm, sung by the lower ranks of Roman Catholics, in
+some parts of the north of England, while watching a dead body, previous
+to interment. The tune is doleful and monotonous, and, joined to the
+mysterious import of the words, has a solemn effect. The word <i>sleet</i>,
+in the chorus, seems to be corrupted from <i>selt</i>, or salt; a quantity of
+which, in compliance with a popular superstition, is frequently placed
+on the breast of a corpse.</p>
+
+<p>The mythologic ideas of the dirge are common to various creeds. The
+Mahometan believes, that, in advancing to the final judgment seat, he
+must traverse a bar of red-hot iron, stretched across a bottomless
+gulph. The good works of each true believer, assuming a substantial
+form, will then interpose betwixt his feet and this <i>&quot;Bridge of Dread;&quot;</i>
+but the wicked, having no such protection, must fall headlong into the
+abyss.&mdash;D'HERBELOT, <i>Bibiotheque Orientale</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Passages, similar to this dirge, are also to be found in <i>Lady Culross's
+Dream</i>, as quoted in the second Dissertation prefixed by Mr Pinkerton
+to his <i>Select Scottish Ballads</i>, 2 vols. The dreamer journeys towards
+heaven, accompanied and assisted by a celestial guide:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through dreadful dens, which made my heart aghast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He bare me up when I began to tire.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sometimes we clamb o'er craggy mountains high.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sometimes stay'd on uglie braes of sand:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They were so stay that wonder was to see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, when I fear'd, he held me by the hand.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through great deserts we wandered on our way&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forward we passed on narrow bridge of trie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O'er waters great, which hediously did roar.</span><br>
+
+<p>Again, she supposes herself suspended over an infernal gulph:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere I was ware, one gripped me at the last,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And held me high above a naming fire.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fire was great; the heat did pierce me sore;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">My faith grew weak.; my grip was very small;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">I trembled fast; my fear grew more and more.</span><br>
+
+<p>A horrible picture of the same kind, dictated probably by the author's
+unhappy state of mind, is to be found in Brooke's <i>Fool of Quality</i>. The
+dreamer, a ruined female, is suspended over the gulph of perdition by
+a single hair, which is severed by a demon, who, in the form of her
+seducer springs upwards from the flames.</p>
+
+<p>The Russian funeral service, without any allegorical imagery, expresses
+the sentiment of the dirge in language alike simple and noble.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Hast thou pitied the afflicted, O man? In death shalt thou be pitied.
+Hast thou consoled the orphan? The orphan will deliver thee.
+Hast thou clothed the naked? The naked will procure thee
+protection.&quot;&mdash;RICHARDSON'S <i>Anecdotes of Russia.</i></p>
+
+<p>But the most minute description of the <i>Brig o' Dread</i>, occurs in the
+legend of <i>Sir Owain</i>, No. XL. in the MS. Collection of Romances, W.
+4.1. Advocates' Library, Edinburgh; though its position is not the same
+as in the dirge, which may excite a suspicion that the order of the
+stanzas in the latter has been transposed. Sir Owain, a Northumbrian
+knight, after many frightful adventures in St Patrick's purgatory, at
+last arrives at the bridge, which, in the legend, is placed betwixt
+purgatory and paradise:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fendes han the knight ynome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To a stinkand water thai ben ycome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He no seigh never er non swiche;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It stank fouler than ani hounde.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And maui mile it was to the grounde.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And was as swart as piche.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Owain seigh ther ouer ligge</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A swithe strong naru brigge:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The fendes seyd tho;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lo! sir knight, sestow this?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This is the brigge of paradis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Here ouer thou must go.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And we the schul with stones prowe,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the winde the schul ouer blow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And wirche the full wo;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou no schalt tor all this unduerd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Bot gif thou falle a midwerd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To our fewes[A] mo.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And when thou art adown yfalle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Than schal com our felawes alle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;And with her hokes the hede;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We schul the teche a newe play:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou hast served ous mani a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And into helle the lede.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Owain biheld the brigge smert,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The water ther under blac and swert,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And sore him gan to drede:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For of othing he tok yeme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Never mot, in sonne beme,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Thicker than the fendes yede.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The brigge was as heigh as a tour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And as scharpe as a rasour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And naru it was also;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the water that ther ran under,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Brend o' lighting and of thonder,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">That thoght him michel wo.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ther nis no clerk may write with ynke,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No no man no may bithink,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">No no maister deuine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That is ymade forsoth ywis.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Under the brigge of paradis,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Halvendel the pine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So the dominical ous telle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That is the pure entrae of helle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Seine Poule berth witnesse;<a name="FNanchor_A_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_112"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whoso falleth of the brigge adown,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of him nis no redempcioun,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">No&icirc;ther more nor lesse.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fendes seyd to the knight tho,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ouer this brigge might thou nowght go,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;For noneskines nede;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fle peril sorwe and wo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And to that stede ther thou com fro,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">&quot;Wel fair we schul the lede.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Owain anon be gan bithenche,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fram hou mani of the fendes wrenche,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">God him saved hadde;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He sett his fot opon the brigge,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">No feld he no scharpe egge,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">No nothing him no drad.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the fendes yseigh tho,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That he was more than half ygo,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Loude thai gun to crie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alias! alias! that he was born!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This ich night we have forlorn</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Out of our baylie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_112">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Fewes</i>&mdash;Probably contracted for fellows.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_113">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> The reader will probably search St Paul in vain, for the
+evidence here referred to.</p></div>
+
+<p>The author of the <i>Legend of Sir Owain</i>, though a zealous catholic, has
+embraced, in the fullest extent, the Talmudic doctrine of an earthly
+paradise, distinct from the celestial abode of the just, and serving as
+a place of initiation, preparatory to perfect bliss, and to the beatific
+vision.&mdash;See the Rabbi Menasse ben Israel, in a treatise called
+<i>Nishmath Chajim</i>, i.e. The Breath of Life.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.</p>
+
+<p>NOW FIRST PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad, which is a very great favourite among the inhabitants of
+Ettrick Forest, is universally believed to be founded in fact. The
+editor found it easy to collect a variety of copies; but very difficult,
+indeed, to select from them such a collated edition, as may, in any
+degree, suit the taste of &quot;these more light and giddy-paced times.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>Tradition places the event, recorded in the song, very early; and it
+is probable that the ballad was composed soon afterwards, although
+the language has been gradually modernized, in the course of
+its transmission to us, through the inaccurate channel of oral
+tradition.&mdash;The bard does not relate particulars, but barely the
+striking outlines of a fact, apparently so well known when he wrote,
+as to render minute detail as unnecessary, as it is always tedious and
+unpoetical.</p>
+
+<p>The hero of the ballad was a knight of great bravery, called Scott,
+who is said to have resided at Kirkhope, or Oakwood castle, and is, in
+tradition, termed the Baron of Oakwood. The estate of Kirkhope belonged
+anciently to the Scotts of Harden: Oakwood is still their property,
+and has been so from time immemorial. The editor was therefore led to
+suppose, that the hero of the ballad might have been identified with
+John Scott, sixth son of the laird of Harden, murdered in Ettrick
+Forest by his kinsmen, the Scotts of Gilmanscleugh (see notes to <i>Jamie
+Telfer</i>, Vol. I. p. 152). This appeared the more probable, as the common
+people always affirm, that this young man was treacherously slain, and
+that, in evidence thereof, his body remained uncorrupted for many years;
+so that even the roses on his shoes seemed as fresh as when he was first
+laid in the family vault at Hassendean. But from a passage in Nisbet's
+Heraldry, he now believes the ballad refers to a duel fought at
+Deucharswyre, of which Annan's Treat is a part, betwixt John Scott of
+Tushielaw and his brother-in-law Walter Scott, third son of Robert of
+Thirlestane, in which the latter was slain.</p>
+
+<p>In ploughing Annan's Treat, a huge monumental stone, with an
+inscription, was discovered; but being rather scratched than engraved,
+and the lines being run through each other, it is only possible to
+read one or two Latin words. It probably records the event of the
+combat.&mdash;The person slain was the male ancestor of the present Lord
+Napier.</p>
+
+<p>Tradition affirms, that the hero of the song (be he who he may) was
+murdered by the brother, either of his wife, or betrothed bride. The
+alleged cause of malice was, the lady's father having proposed to endow
+her with half of his property, upon her marriage with a warrior of such
+renown. The name of the murderer is said to have been Annan, and the
+place of combat is still called Annan's Treat. It is a low muir, on the
+banks of the Yarrow, lying to the west of Yarrow Kirk. Two tall unhewn
+masses of stone are erected, about eighty yards distant from each other;
+and the least child, that can herd a cow, will tell the passenger, that
+there lie &quot;the two lords, who were slain in single combat.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>It will be, with many readers, the greatest recommendation of these
+verses, that they are supposed to have suggested to Mr Hamilton, of
+Bangour, the modern ballad, beginning,</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny bonny bride.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<p>A fragment, apparently regarding the story of the following ballad, but
+in a different measure, occurs in Mr Herd's MSS., and runs thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When I look cast, my heart is sair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But when I look west, its mair and mair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For then I see the braes o' Yarrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And there, for aye, I lost my marrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Late at e'en, drinking the wine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ere they paid the lawing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They set a combat them between,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fight it in the dawing.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O stay at hame, my noble lord!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O stay at hame, my marrow!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My cruel brother will you betray</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the dowie houms of Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O fare ye weel, my ladye gaye!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O fare ye weel, my Sarah!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I maun gae, though I ne'er return,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Frae the dowie banks o' Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She kissed his cheek, she kaimed his hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As oft she had done before, O;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She belted him with his noble brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he's awa' to Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As he gaed up the Tennies bank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wot he gaed wi' sorrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till, down in a den, he spied nine arm'd men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the dowie houms of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O come ye here to part your land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The bonnie forest thorough?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or come ye here to wield your brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the dowie houms of Yarrow?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I come not here to part my land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And neither to beg nor borrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I come to wield my noble brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If I see all, ye're nine to ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And that's an unequal marrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet will I fight, while lasts my brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Four has he hurt, and five has slain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the bloody braes of Yarrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till that stubborn knight came him behind,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ran his bodie thorough.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae hame, gae hame, good-brother<a name="FNanchor_A_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_114"><sup>[A]</sup></a> John,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And tell your sister Sarah,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To come and lift her leafu' lord;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He's sleepin sound on Yarrow.&quot;&mdash;&mdash;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yestreen I dream'd a dolefu' dream;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I fear there will be sorrow!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I dream'd, I pu'd the heather green,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' my true love, on Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O gentle wind, that bloweth south,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;From where my love repaireth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Convey a kiss from his dear mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And tell me how he fareth!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But in the glen strive armed men;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;They've wrought me dole and sorrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They've slain&mdash;the comeliest knight they've slain&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He bleeding lies on Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As she sped down yon high high hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She gaed wi' dole and sorrow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And in the den spyed ten slain men,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the dowie banks of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She kissed his cheek, she kaim'd his hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She search'd his wounds all thorough;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She kiss'd them, till her lips grew red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On the dowie houms of Yarrow.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, haud your tongue, my daughter dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For a' this breeds but sorrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll wed ye to a better lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than him ye lost on Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O haud your tongue, my father dear!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye mind me but of sorrow;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A fairer rose did never bloom</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than now lies cropp'd on Yarrow.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_114">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Good-brother</i>&mdash;Beau-frere, Brother-in-law.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;">
+<a name="THE_GAY_GOSS_HAWK"></a><h2>THE GAY GOSS HAWK.</h2>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This Ballad is published, partly from one, under this title, in Mrs.</i>
+BROWN'S <i>Collection, and partly from a MS. of some antiquity,</i> penes
+Edit.&mdash;<i>The stanzas appearing to possess mo st merit have been selected
+from each copy.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O waly, waly, my gay goss hawk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gin your feathering be sheen!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And waly, waly, my master dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gin ye look pale and lean!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O have ye tint, at tournament,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Your sword, or yet your spear?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or mourn ye for the southern lass,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Whom you may not win near?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I have not tint, at tournament,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My sword, nor yet my spear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But sair I mourn for my true love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' mony a bitter tear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But weel's me on ye, my gay goss hawk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye can baith speak and flee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye sall carry a letter to my love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Bring an answer back to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But how sall I your true love find,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or how suld I her know?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I bear a tongue ne'er wi' her spake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An eye that ne'er her saw.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O weel sall ye my true love ken,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae sune as ye her see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For, of a' the flowers of fair England,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The fairest flower is she.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The red, that's on my true love's cheik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Is like blood drops on the snaw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The white, that is on her breast bare,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Like the down o' the white sea-maw.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And even at my love's bour door</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There grows a flowering birk;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ye maun sit and sing thereon</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As she gangs to the kirk.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And four-and-twenty fair ladyes</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Will to the mass repair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But weel may ye my ladye ken,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The fairest ladye there.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord William has written a love letter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Put it under his pinion gray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he is awa' to Southern land</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as wings can gae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And even at that ladye's bour</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There grew a flowering birk;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he sat down and sang thereon</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As she gaed to the kirk.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And weel he kent that ladye fair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Amang her maidens free;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For the flower, that springs in May morning,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was not sae sweet as she.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He lighted at the ladye's yate,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sat him on a pin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sang fu' sweet the notes o' love,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till a' was cosh<a name="FNanchor_A_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_115"><sup>[A]</sup></a> within.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And first he sang a low low note,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And syne he sang a clear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye the o'erword o' the sang</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was&mdash;&quot;Your love can no win here.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Feast on, feast on, my maidens a':</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The wine flows you amang:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;While I gang to my shot-window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And hear yon bonny bird's sang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The sang ye sung yestreen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For weel I ken, by your sweet singing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye are frae my true love sen'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O first he sang a merry sang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And syne he sang a grave;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And syne he peck'd his feathers gray,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To her the letter gave.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Have there a letter from Lord William;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He says he's sent ye three:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;He canna wait your love langer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But for your sake he'll die.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And brew his bridal ale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I sall meet him at Mary's kirk</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lang, lang ere it be stale.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ladye's gane to her chamber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And a moanfu' woman was she;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As gin she had ta'en a sudden brash,<a name="FNanchor_B_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_116"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And were about to die.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A boon, a boon, my father deir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;A boon I beg of thee!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ask not that paughty Scottish lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For him you ne'er shall see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, for your honest asking else,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wee! granted it shall be.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then, gin I die in Southern land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;In Scotland gar bury me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the first kirk that ye come to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye's gar the mass be sung;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the next kirk that ye come to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye's gar the bells be rung.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And, when ye come to St Mary's kirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye's tarry there till night.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And so her father pledged his word,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And so his promise plight.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She has ta'en her to her bigly bour</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as she could fare;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she has drank a sleepy draught,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That she had mixed wi' care.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That was sae bright of blee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And she seemed to be as surely dead</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As any one could be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then spak her cruel step-minnie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Take ye the burning lead,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And drap a drap on her bosome,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To try if she be dead.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They took a drap o' boiling lead,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They drap'd it on her breast;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alas! alas!&quot; her father cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;She's dead without the priest.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She neither chatter'd with her teeth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor shiver'd with her chin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Alas! alas!&quot; her father cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There is nae breath within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up arose her seven brethren,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And hew'd to her a bier;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hew'd it frae the solid aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Laid it o'er wi' silver clear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and gat her seven sisters,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sewed to her a kell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And every steek that they pat in</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sewed to a siller bell.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The first Scots kirk that they cam to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They gar'd the bells be rung;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The next Scots kirk that they cam to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They gar'd the mass be sung.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But when they cam to St Mary's kirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There stude spearmen, all on a raw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And up and started Lord William,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The chieftane amang them a'.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Set down, set down the bier,&quot; he said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Let me looke her upon:&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But as soon as Lord William touched her hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Her colour began to come.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She brightened like the lily flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till her pale colour was gone;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With rosy cheik, and ruby lip,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She smiled her love upon.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A morsel of your bread, my lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And one glass of your wine:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I hae fasted these three lang days,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;All for your sake and mine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gae hame and blaw your horn!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I trow you wad hae gien me the skaith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But I've gien you the scorn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Commend me to my grey father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That wish'd, my saul gude rest;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But wae be to my cruel step-dame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gar'd burn me on the breast.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ah! woe to you, you light woman!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An ill death may you die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For we left father and sisters at hame</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Breaking their hearts for thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_115">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Cosh</i>&mdash;Quiet.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_116">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Brash</i>&mdash;Sickness.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON THE GAY GOSS HAWK.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The red, that's on my true love's cheik,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Is like blood drops on the snaw.</i>&mdash;P. 362. v, 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>This simile resembles a passage in a MS. translation of an Irish Fairy
+tale, called <i>The Adventures of Faravla, Princess of Scotland, and
+Carral O'Daly, Son of Donogho More O'Daly, Chief Bard of Ireland.</i></p>
+
+<p>&quot;Faravla, as she entered her bower, cast her looks upon the earth, which
+was tinged with the blood of a bird which a raven had newly killed;
+'Like that snow,' said Faravla, 'was the complexion of my beloved, his
+cheeks like the sanguine traces thereon; whilst the raven recals to my
+memory the colour of his beautiful locks.&quot;</p>
+
+<p>There is also some resemblance, in the conduct of the story, betwixt the
+ballad and the tale just quoted. The Princess Faravla, being desperately
+in love with Carral O'Daly, dispatches in search of him a faithful
+confidant, who, by her magical art, transforms herself into a hawk, and,
+perching upon the windows of the bard, conveys to him information of the
+distress of the princess of Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>In the ancient romance of <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, the simile of the &quot;blood drops
+upon snow&quot; likewise occurs:</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A bride bright thai ches</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">As blod open snoweing.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>BROWN ADAM.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>There is a copy of this Ballad in Mrs.</i> BROWN'S <i>Collection. The Editor
+has seen one, printed on a single sheet. The epithet, &quot;Smith,&quot; implies,
+probably, the sirname, not the profession, of the hero, who seems to
+have been an outlaw There is, however, in Mrs.</i> BROWN'S <i>copy, a verse
+of little merit here omitted, alluding to the implements of that
+occupation.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O wha wad wish the wind to blaw,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or the green leaves fa' therewith?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Or wha wad, wish a lealer love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Than Brown Adam the smith?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But they hae banished him, Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Frae father and frae mother;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Frae sister and frae brother.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The flower o' a' his kin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's bigged a hour in gude green-wood</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Atween his ladye and him.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It fell upon a summer's day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Brown Adam he thought lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, for to hunt some venison,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To green-wood he wald gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He has ta'en his bow his arm o'er,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His bolts and arrows lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he is to the gude green-wood</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As fast as he could gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's shot up, and he's shot down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The bird upon the brier;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's sent it hame to his ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Bade her be of gude cheir.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's shot up, and he's shot down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The bird upon the thorn;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sent it hame to his ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Said he'd be hame the morn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When he cam to his ladye's bour door</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He stude a little forbye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there he heard a fou fause knight</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tempting his gay ladye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For he's ta'en out a gay goud ring,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Had cost him mony a poun',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O grant me love for love, ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And this shall be thy own.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I lo'e Brown Adam weel,&quot; she said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I trew sae does he me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wadna gie Brown Adam's love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For nae fause knight I see.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out has he ta'en a purse o' gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Was a' fou to the string,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O grant me love for love, ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And a' this shall be thine.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I lo'e Brown Adam weel,&quot; she says;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot sae does he me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wad na be your light leman</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For mair than ye could gie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out he drew his lang bright brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And flashed it in her een;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now grant me love for love, ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or thro' ye this sall gang!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then, sighing, says that ladye fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Brown Adam tarries lang!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then in and starts him Brown Adam,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says&mdash;&quot;I'm just at your hand.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's gar'd him leave his bonny bow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He's gar'd him leave his brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's gar'd him leave a dearer pledge&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Four fingers o' his right hand.</span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JELLON GRAME.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This ballad is published from tradition, with some conjectural
+emendations. It is corrected by a copy in Mrs Brown's MS., from which
+it differs in the concluding stanzas. Some verses are apparently
+modernized.</p>
+
+<p><i>Jellon</i> seems to be the same name with <i>Jyllian</i> or <i>Julian</i>. &quot;Jyl of
+Brentford's Testament&quot; is mentioned in Warton's <i>History of Poetry,</i>
+Vol. II. p. 40. The name repeatedly occurs in old ballads, sometimes as
+that of a man, at other times as that of a woman. Of the former is
+an instance in the ballad of <i>&quot;Knight and the Shepherd's
+Daughter,&quot;&mdash;Reliques of Ancient Poetry,</i> Vol. III. p. 72.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Some do call me Jack, sweetheart.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And some do call me <i>Jille</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>Witton Gilbert, a village four miles west of Durham, is, throughout the
+bishopric, pronounced Witton Jilbert. We have also the common name of
+Giles, always in Scotland pronounced Jill. For Gille, or Julianna, as
+a female name, we have <i>Fair Gillian</i> of Croyden, and a thousand
+authorities. Such being the case, the editor must enter his protest
+against the conversion of Gil Morrice, into child Maurice, an epithet
+of chivalry. All the circumstances in that ballad argue, that the
+unfortunate hero was an obscure and very young man, who had never
+received the honour of knighthood. At any rate, there can be no reason,
+even were internal evidence totally wanting, for altering a well known
+proper name, which, till of late years, has been the uniform title of
+the ballad.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>JELLON GRAME.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O JELLON GRAME sat in Silverwood,<a name="FNanchor_A_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_117"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He sharped his broad sword lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has call'd his little foot page</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">An errand for to gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Win up, my bonny boy,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;As quickly as ye may;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For ye maun gang for Lillie Flower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Before the break of day.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The boy has buckled his belt about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And thro' the green-wood ran;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he cam to the ladye's bower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Before the day did dawn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O sleep ye, wake ye, Lillie Flower?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;The red sun's on the rain:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're bidden come to Silverwood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But I doubt ye'll never win hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna ridden a mile, a mile,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A mile but barely three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ere she cam to a new made grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beneath a green aik tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O then up started Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out of a bush thereby;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Light down, light down, now, Lillie Flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For its here that ye maun lye.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She lighted aff her milk-white steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And kneel'd upon her knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O mercy, mercy, Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For I'm no prepared to die!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your bairn, that stirs between my sides,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Maun shortly see the light;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But to see it weltering in my blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Would be a piteous sight.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O should I spare your life,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Until that bairn were born,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Full weel I ken your auld father</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Would hang me on the morn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O spare my life, now, Jellon Grame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My father ye need na dread:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll keep my babe in gude green-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or wi' it I'll beg my bread.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He took no pity on Lillie Flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tho' she for life did pray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But pierced her thro' the fair body</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As at his feet she lay.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He felt nae pity for Lillie Flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where she was lying dead;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he felt some for the bonny bairn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That lay weltering in her bluid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Up has he ta'en that bonny boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Given him to nurses nine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Three to sleep, and three to wake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And three to go between.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he bred up that bonny boy,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Called him his sister's son;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he thought no eye could ever see</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The deed that he had done.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O so it fell, upon a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When hunting they might be,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They rested them in Silverwood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beneath that green aik tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And mony were the green-wood flowers</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Upon the grave that grew,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And marvell'd much that bonny boy</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To see their lovely hue.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What's paler than the prymrose wan?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;What's redder than the rose?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What's fairer than the lilye flower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;On this wee know<a name="FNanchor_B_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_118"><sup>[B]</sup></a> that grows?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O out and answered Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And he spak hastelie&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your mother was a fairer flower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And lies beneath this tree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;More pale she was, when she sought my grace,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than prymrose pale and wan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And redder than rose her ruddy heart's blood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That down my broad sword ran.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' that the boy has bent his bow,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">It was baith stout and lang;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thro' and thro' him, Jellon Grame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He gar'd an arrow gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Lie ye there, now, Jellon Grame!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My malisoun gang you wi'!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The place my mother lies buried in</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Is far too good for thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_117">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> Silverwood, mentioned in this ballad, occurs in a medley
+MS song, which seems to have been copied from the first edition of the
+Aberdeen caurus, <i>penes</i> John G. Dalyell, esq. advocate. One line only
+is cited, apparently the beginning of some song:
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Silverwood, gin ye were mine.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_118">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Wee know</i>&mdash;Little hillock.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>WILLIE'S LADYE.</p>
+
+<p>ANCIENT COPY.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Mr Lewis, in his <i>Tales of Wonder</i>, has presented the public with a copy
+of this ballad, with additions and alterations. The editor has also seen
+a copy, containing some modern stanzas, intended by Mr Jamieson, of
+Macclesfield, for publication in his Collection of Scottish Poetry. Yet,
+under these disadvantages, the editor cannot relinquish his purpose of
+publishing the old ballad, in its native simplicity, as taken from Mrs
+Brown of Faulkland's MS.</p>
+
+<p>Those, who wish to know how an incantation, or charm, of the distressing
+nature here described, was performed in classic days, may consult the
+story of Galanthis's Metamorphosis, in Ovid, or the following passage in
+Apuleius: <i>&quot;Eadem (Saga scilicet quaedam), amatoris uxorem, quod in sibi
+dicacule probrum dixerat, jam in sarcinam praegnationis, obsepto utero,
+et repigrato faetu, perpetua praegnatione damnavit. Et ut cuncti
+numerant, octo annorum onere, misella illa, velut elephantum paritura,
+distenditur.&quot;</i>&mdash;APUL. Metam. lib. 1.</p>
+
+<p>There is also a curious tale about a count of Westeravia, whom a
+deserted concubine bewitched upon his marriage, so as to preclude all
+hopes of his becoming a father. The spell continued to operate for
+three years, till one day, the count happening to meet with his former
+mistress, she maliciously asked him about the increase of his family.
+The count, conceiving some suspicion from her manner, craftily answered,
+that God had blessed him with three fine children; on which she
+exclaimed, like Willie's mother in the ballad, &quot;May Heaven confound
+the old hag, by whose counsel I threw an enchanted pitcher into the
+draw-well of your palace!&quot; The spell being found, and destroyed, the
+count became the father of a numerous family.&mdash;<i>Hierarchie of the
+Blessed Angels,</i> p. 474.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>WILLIE'S LADYE.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Willie's ta'en him o'er the faem,<a name="FNanchor_A_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_119"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's wooed a wife, and brought her hame;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He's wooed her for her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But his mother wrought her meikle care;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And meikle dolour gar'd her drie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For lighter she can never be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But in her bower she sits wi' pain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Willie mourns o'er her in vain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And to his mother he has gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He says&mdash;&quot;My ladie has a cup,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wi' gowd and silver set about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">This gudely gift sall be your ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And let her be lighter o' her young bairn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of her young bairn she's never be lighter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But she sall die, and turn to clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And you shall wed another may.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never wed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never bring hame.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, sighing, said that weary wight&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wish my life were at an end!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet gae ye to your mother again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And say, your ladye has a steed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The like o' him's no in the land o' Leed.<a name="FNanchor_B_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_120"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For he is silver shod before,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And he is gowden shod behind;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;At every tuft of that horse mane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's a golden chess<a name="FNanchor_C_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_121"><sup>[C]</sup></a>, and a bell to ring.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This gudely gift sall be her ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And let me be lighter o' my young bairn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But she sall die, and turn to clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And ye sall wed another may.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never wed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never bring hame.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, sighing, said that weary wight&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wish my life were at an end!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet gae ye to your mother again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That vile rank witch, o' rankest kind!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And say, your ladye has a girdle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It is a' red gowd to the middle;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And aye, at ilka siller hem</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Hang fifty siller bells and ten;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;This gudely gift sall be her ain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And let me be lighter o' my young bairn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Nor in your bour to shine the brighter;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For she sall die, and turn to clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And thou sall wed another may.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never wed,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Another may I'll never bring hame.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, sighing, said that weary wight&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wish my days were at an end!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spak the Billy Blind,<a name="FNanchor_D_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_122"><sup>[D]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(He spak ay in a gude time:)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet gae ye to the market-place,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And there do buy a loaf of wace;<a name="FNanchor_E_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_123"><sup>[E]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Do shape it bairn and bairnly like,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And in it twa glassen een you'll put;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And bid her your boy's christening to,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then notice weel what she shall do;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And do ye stand a little away,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;To notice weel what she may saye.</span><br>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;"><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">[<i>A stanza seems to be wanting. Willie is supposed to follow</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>the advice of the spirit.&mdash;His mother speaks.</i>]</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has loosed the nine witch knots,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That were amang that ladye's locks?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha's ta'en out the kaims o' care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That were amang that ladye's hair?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha has ta'en downe that bush o' woodbine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That hung between her bour and mine?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha has kill'd the master kid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That ran beneath that ladye's bed?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha has loosed her left foot shee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And let that ladye lighter be?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Syne, Willy's loosed the nine witch knots,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That were amang that ladye's locks;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Willy's ta'en out the kaims o' care,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That were into that ladye's hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he's ta'en down the bush o' woodbine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hung atween her bour and the witch carline;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has kill'd the master kid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That ran beneath that ladye's bed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has loosed her left foot shee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And latten that ladye lighter be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And now he has gotten a bonny son,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And meikle grace be him upon.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_119">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Faem</i>&mdash;The sea foam.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_120">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Land o' Leed</i>&mdash;Perhaps Lydia.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_121">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Chess</i>&mdash;Should probably be <i>jess</i>, the name of a hawk's
+bell.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_122">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Billy-Blind</i>&mdash;A familiar genius, or propitious spirit,
+somewhat similar to the <i>Brownie</i>. He is mentioned repeatedly in Mrs
+Brown's Ballads, but I have not met with him any where else, although he
+is alluded to in the rustic game of <i>Bogle</i> (i.e. <i>goblin) Billy-Blind</i>.
+The word is, indeed, used in Sir David Lindsay's plays, but apparently
+in a different sense&mdash;
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Preists sall leid you like ane <i>Billy Blinde</i>.&quot;</span><br>
+</p><p><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">PINKERTON'S <i>Scottish Poems</i>, 1792, Vol. II. p. 232.</span></p></div><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_123">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Wace</i>&mdash;Wax.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>CLERK SAUNDERS.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>This romantic ballad is taken from Mr Herd's MSS., with several
+corrections from a shorter and more imperfect copy, in the same volume,
+and one or two conjectural emendations in the arrangement of the
+stanzas. The resemblance of the conclusion to the ballad, beginning,
+&quot;There came a ghost to Margaret's door,&quot; will strike every reader.&mdash;The
+tale is uncommonly wild and beautiful, and apparently very ancient.
+The custom of the passing bell is still kept up in many villages of
+Scotland. The sexton goes through the town, ringing a small bell, and
+announcing the death of the departed, and the time of the funeral.&mdash;The
+three concluding verses have been recovered since the first edition
+of this work; and I am informed by the reciter, that it was usual to
+separate from the rest, that part of the ballad which follows the death
+of the lovers, as belonging to another story. For this, however, there
+seems no necessity, as other authorities give the whole as a complete
+tale.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>CLERK SAUNDERS.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clerk Saunders and may Margaret</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Walked ower yon garden green;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sad and heavy was the love</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That fell thir twa between.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;A bed, a bed,&quot; Clerk Saunders said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;A bed for you and me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Fye na, fye na,&quot; said may Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till anes we married be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For in may come my seven bauld brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wi' torches burning bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They'll say&mdash;'We hae but ae sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And behold she's wi' a knight!'</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Then take the sword frae my scabbard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And slowly lift the pin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And you may swear, and safe your aith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye never let Clerk Saunders in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And take a napkin in your hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And tie up baith your bonny een;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And you may swear, and safe your aith,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye saw me na since late yestreen.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It was about the midnight hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When they asleep were laid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When in and came her seven brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' torches burning red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When in and came her seven brothers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' torches shining bright;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They said, &quot;We hae but ae sister,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And behold her lying with a knight!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake the first o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I bear the sword shall gar him die!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the second o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;His father has nae mair than he!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the third o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot that they are lovers dear!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the fourth o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;They hae been in love this mony a year!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake the fifth o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It were great sin true love to twain!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out and spake the sixth o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It were shame to slay a sleeping man!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and gat the seventh o' them,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And never a word spake he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he has striped<a name="FNanchor_A_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_124"><sup>[A]</sup></a> his bright brown brand</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Out through Clerk Saunders' fair bodye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clerk Saunders he started, and Margaret she turned</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Into his arms as asleep she lay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sad and silent was the night</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That was atween thir twae.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they lay still and sleeped sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Until the day began to daw;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And kindly to him she did say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It is time, true love, you were awa'.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But he lay still, and sleeped sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Albeit the sun began to sheen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She looked atween her and the wa',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dull and drowsie were his een.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then in and came her father dear,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Said&mdash;&quot;Let a' your mourning be:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I'll carry the dead corpse to the clay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And I'll come back and comfort thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Comfort weel your seven sons;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;For comforted will I never be:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I ween 'twas neither knave nor lown</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Was in the bower last night wi' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The clinking bell gaed through the town,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To carry the dead corse to the clay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Clerk Saunders stood at may Margaret's window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I wot, an hour before the day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Are ye sleeping, Margaret?&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or are ye waking presentlie?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Give me my faith and troth again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot, true love, I gied to thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Your faith and troth ye sall never get,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor our true love sall never twin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Until ye come within my bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And kiss me cheik and chin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My mouth it is full cold, Margaret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It has the smell, now, of the ground;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And if I kiss thy comely mouth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Thy days of life will not be lang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot the wild fowls are boding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Give me my faith and troth again,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And let me fare me on my way.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy faith and troth thou sall na get,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And our true love sall never twin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Until ye tell what comes of women,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot, who die in strong traivelling?&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_125"><sup>[B]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Their beds are made in the heavens high,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Down at the foot of our good lord's knee,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Weel set about wi' gillyflowers:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I wot sweet company for to see.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O cocks are crowing a merry mid-night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I wot the wild fowl are boding day;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The psalms of heaven will soon be sung,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And I, ere now, will be missed away.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then she has ta'en a crystal wand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And she has stroken her troth thereon;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She has given it him out at the shot-window,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wi' mony a sad sigh, and heavy groan.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I thank ye, Marg'ret; I thank ye, Marg'ret;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And aye I thank ye heartilie;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin ever the dead come for the quick,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Be sure, Marg'ret, I'll come for thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Its hosen and shoon, and gown alone,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She climbed the wall, and followed him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Until she came to the green forest,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And there she lost the sight o' him.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Is there ony room at your head, Saunders?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Is there ony room at your feet?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or ony room at your side, Saunders,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Where fain, fain, I wad sleep?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There's nae room at my head, Marg'ret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;There's nae room at my feet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;My bed it is full lowly now:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Amang the hungry worms I sleep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Cauld mould is my covering now,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But and my winding-sheet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The dew it falls nae sooner down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than my resting-place is weet.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But plait a wand o' bonnie birk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And lay it on my breast;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And shed a tear upon my grave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And wish my saul gude rest.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And fair Marg'ret, and rare Marg'ret,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And Marg'ret o' veritie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin ere ye love another man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ne'er love him as ye did me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and crew the milk-white cock,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And up and crew the gray;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Her lover vanish'd in the air,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And she gaed weeping away.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_124">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Striped</i>&mdash;Thrust.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_125">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Traivelling</i>&mdash;Child-birth.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON CLERK SAUNDERS.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>Weel set about wi' gillyflowers.</i>&mdash;P. 394. v. 5.</p>
+
+<p>From whatever source the popular ideas of heaven be derived, the mention
+of gillyflowers is not uncommon. Thus, in the Dead Men's Song&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The fields about this city faire</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Were all with roses set;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Gillyflowers</i>, and carnations faire,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Which canker could not fret.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">RITSON'S <i>Ancient Songs</i>, p. 288.</span><br>
+
+<p>The description, given in the legend of <i>Sir Owain</i>, of the terrestrial
+paradise, at which the blessed arrive, after passing through purgatory,
+omits gillyflowers, though it mentions many others. As the passage is
+curious, and the legend has never been published, many persons may not
+be displeased to see it extracted&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair were her erbers with flowres,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose and lili divers colours,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Primrol and parvink;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mint, feverfoy, and eglenterre</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Colombin, and mo ther wer</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Than ani man mai bithenke.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It berth erbes of other maner,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Than ani in erth groweth here,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tho that is lest of priis;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Evermore thai grene springeth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For winter no somer it no clingeth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sweeter than licorice.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>But plait a wand o' bonnie birk</i>, &amp;c.&mdash;P. 396. v. 3.</span><br>
+
+<p>The custom of binding the new-laid sod of the church-yard with osiers,
+or other saplings, prevailed both in England and Scotland, and served to
+protect the turf from injury by cattle, or otherwise. It is alluded to
+by Gay, in the <i>What d'ye call it</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stay, let me pledge, 'tis my last earthly liquor,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When I am dead you'll bind my grave with <i>wicker</i>.</span><br>
+
+<p>In the <i>Shepherd's Week</i>, the same custom is alluded to, and the cause
+explained:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">With <i>wicker rods</i> we fenced her tomb around,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">To ward, from man and beast, the hallowed ground,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lest her new grave the parson's cattle raze,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">For both his horse and cow the church-yard graze.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>Fifth Pastoral.</i></span><br>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>EARL RICHARD.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>There are two Ballads in Mr.</i> HERD'S <i>MSS. upon the following Story,
+in one of which the unfortunate Knight is termed</i> YOUNG HUNTIN. <i>A
+Fragment, containing from the sixth to the tenth verse, has been
+repeatedly published. The best verses are here selected from both
+copies, and some trivial alterations have been adopted from tradition.</i></p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O lady, rock never your young son young,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;One hour langer for me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I have a sweetheart in Garlioch Wells,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;I love far better than thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;The very sole o' that ladye's foot</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Than thy face is far mair white.&quot;&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, nevertheless, now, Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye will bide in ray bower a' night?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She birled<a name="FNanchor_A_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_126"><sup>[A]</sup></a> him with the ale and wine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As they sat down to sup;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A living man he laid him down,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But I wot he ne'er rose up.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spak the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That flew aboun her head;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Lady! keep weel your green cleiding</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O better I'll keep my green cleiding</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Than thou canst keep thy clattering toung,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That trattles in thy head.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She has call'd upon her bower maidens,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She has call'd them ane by ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;There lies a deid man in my bour:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I wish that he were gane!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They hae booted him, and spurred him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As he was wont to ride;&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A hunting-horn tied round his waist,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A sharp sword by his side;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae had him to the wan water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">For a' men call it Clyde.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spak the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That sat upon the tree&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;What hae ye done wi' Erl Richard?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye were his gay ladye.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Come down, come down, my bonny bird,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And sit upon my hand;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And thou sall hae a cage o' gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Where thou hast but the wand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Awa! awa! ye ill woman:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nae cage o' gowd for me;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;As ye hae dune to Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Sae wad ye do to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna cross'd a rigg o' land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A rigg, but barely ane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she met wi' his auld father,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Came riding all alane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Where hae ye been, now, ladye fair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Where hae ye been sae late?&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We hae been seeking Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But him we canna get.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Erl Richard kens a' the fords in Clyde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;He'll ride them ane by ane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And though the night was ne'er sae mirk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Erl Richard will he hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O it fell anes, upon a day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The king was boun' to ride;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And he has mist him, Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Should hae ridden on his right side.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ladye turn'd her round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wi' meikle mournfu' din&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It fears me sair o' Clyde water,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That he is drown'd therein.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gar douk, gar douk,&quot;<a name="FNanchor_B_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_127"><sup>[B]</sup></a> the king he cried,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Gar douk for gold and fee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha will douk for Erl Richard's sake,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or wha will douk for me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They douked in at ae weil-head,<a name="FNanchor_C_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_128"><sup>[C]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And out ay at the other;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We can douk nae mair for Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Although he were our brother.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It fell that, in that ladye's castle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The king was boun' to bed;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And up and spake the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">That flew abune his head.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Leave off your douking on the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And douk upon the night;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And where that sackless<a name="FNanchor_D_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_129"><sup>[D]</sup></a> knight lies slain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The candles will burn bright.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O there's a bird within this bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That sings baith sad and sweet;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O there's a bird within your bower,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Keeps me frae my night's sleep.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They left the douking on the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And douked upon the night;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, where that sackless knight lay slain,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The candles burned bright.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The deepest pot in a' the linn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They fand Erl Richard in;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A grene turf tyed across his breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To keep that gude lord down.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When he saw the deadly wound&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha has slain my right-hand man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That held my hawk and hound?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake the popinjay,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says&mdash;&quot;What needs a' this din?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It was his light lemman took his life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And hided him in the linn.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She swore her by the grass, sae grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sae did she by the corn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She had na' seen him, Erl Richard,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Since Moninday at morn.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Put na the wite on me,&quot; she said;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;It was my may Catherine.&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then they hae cut baith fern and thorn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To burn that maiden in.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">It wadna take upon her cheik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor yet upon her chin;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor yet upon her yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To cleanse the deadly sin.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A drap it never bled;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The ladye laid her hand on him,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And soon the 'ground was red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Out they hae ta'en her, may Catherine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And put her mistress in:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The flame tuik fast upon her cheik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Tuik fast upon her chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tuik fast upon her faire bodye&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">She burn'd like hollins green.<a name="FNanchor_E_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_130"><sup>[E]</sup></a></span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_126">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Birled</i>&mdash;Plied.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_127">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Douk</i>&mdash;Dive.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_C_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_128">[C]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Weil-heid</i>&mdash;Eddy.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_D_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_129">[D]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Sackless</i>&mdash;Guiltless.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_E_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_130">[E]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Hollins green</i>&mdash;Green holly.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>NOTES ON EARL RICHARD.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The candles burned bright.</i>&mdash;P. 403. v. 4.</span><br>
+
+<p>These are unquestionably the corpse lights, called in Wales <i>Canhwyllan
+Cyrph</i>, which are sometimes seen to illuminate the spot where a dead
+body is concealed. The editor is informed, that, some years ago, the
+corpse of a man, drowned in the Ettrick, below Selkirk, was discovered
+by means of these candles. Such lights are common in churchyards, and
+are probably of a phosphoric nature. But rustic superstition derives
+them from supernatural agency, and supposes, that, as soon as life has
+departed, a pale flame appears at the window of the house, in which the
+person had died, and glides towards the church-yard, tracing through
+every winding the route of the future funeral, and pausing where the
+bier is to rest. This and other opinions, relating to the &quot;tomb-fires'
+livid gleam,&quot; seem to be of Runic extraction.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The deepest pot in a' the linn.</i>&mdash;P. 403. v. 5.</span><br>
+
+<p>The deep holes, scooped in the rock by the eddies of a river, are called
+<i>pots;</i> the motion of the water having there some resemblance to a
+boiling cauldron.</p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Linn</i>, means the pool beneath a cataract.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,</i></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>A drop it never bled.</i>&mdash;P. 405. v. I.</span><br>
+
+<p>This verse, which is restored from tradition, refers to a superstition
+formerly received in most parts of Europe, and even resorted to, by
+judicial authority, for the discovery of murder. In Germany, this
+experiment was called <i>bahr-recht</i>, or the law of the bier; because,
+the murdered body being stretched upon a bier, the suspected person was
+obliged to put one hand upon the wound, and the other upon the mouth
+of the deceased, and, in that posture, call upon heaven to attest his
+innocence. If, during this ceremony, the blood gushed from the mouth,
+nose, or wound, a circumstance not unlikely to happen in the course of
+shifting or stirring the body, it was held sufficient evidence of the
+guilt of the party.</p>
+
+<p>The same singular kind of evidence, although reprobated by Mathaeus and
+Carpzovius, was admitted in the Scottish criminal courts, at the short
+distance of one century. My readers may be amused by the following
+instances:</p>
+
+<p>&quot;The laird of Auchindrane (Muir of Auchindrane, in Ayrshire) was accused
+of a horrid and private murder, where there were no witnesses, and which
+the Lord had witnessed from heaven, singularly by his own hand, and
+proved the deed against him. The corpse of the man being buried in
+Girvan church-yard, as a man cast away at sea, and cast out there, the
+laird of Colzean, whose servant he had been, dreaming of him in his
+sleep, and that he had a particular mark upon his body, came and took up
+the body, and found it to be the same person; and caused all that lived
+near by come and touch the corpse, as is usual in such cases. All round
+the place came but Auchindrane and his son, whom nobody suspected, till
+a young child of his, Mary Muir, seeing the people examined, came in
+among them; and, when she came near the dead body, it sprang out
+in bleeding; upon which they were apprehended, and put to the
+torture.&quot;&mdash;WODROW'S <i>History</i>, Vol. I. p. 513. The trial of Auchindrane
+happened in 1611. He was convicted and executed.&mdash;HUME'S <i>Criminal Law</i>,
+Vol. I. p. 428.</p>
+
+<p>A yet more dreadful case was that of Philip Standfield, tried upon the
+30th November, 1687, for cursing his father (which, by the Scottish law,
+is a capital crime, <i>Act 1661, Chap</i>. 20), and for being accessory
+to his murder. Sir James Standfield, the deceased, was a person of
+melancholy temperament; so that, when his body was found in a pond near
+his own house of Newmilns, he was at first generally supposed to have
+drowned himself. But, the body having been hastily buried, a report
+arose that he had been strangled by ruffians, instigated by his son
+Philip, a profligate youth, whom be had disinherited on account of his
+gross debauchery. Upon this rumour, the Privy Council granted warrant to
+two surgeons of character, named Crawford and Muirhead, to dig up the
+body, and to report the state in which they should find it. Philip
+was present on this occasion, and the evidence of both surgeons bears
+distinctly, that he stood for some time at a distance from the body
+of his parent; but, being called upon to assist in stretching out
+the corpse, he put his hand to the head, when the mouth and nostrils
+instantly gushed with blood. This circumstance, with the evident
+symptoms of terror and remorse, exhibited by young Standfield, seem to
+have had considerable weight with the jury, and are thus stated in the
+indictment: &quot;That his (the deceased's) nearest relations being required
+to lift the corpse into the coffin, after it had been inspected, upon
+the said Philip Standfield touching of it (<i>according to God's usual
+mode of discovering murder</i>), it bled afresh upon the said Philip; and
+that thereupon he let the body fall, and fled from it in the greatest
+consternation, crying, Lord have mercy upon me!&quot; The prisoner was found
+guilty of being accessory to the murder of his father, although there
+was little more than strong presumptions against him. It is true, he was
+at the same time separately convicted of the distinct crimes of having
+cursed his father, and drank damnation to the monarchy and hierarchy.
+His sentence, which was to have his tongue cut out, and hand struck off,
+previous to his being hanged, was executed with the utmost rigour. He
+denied the murder with his last breath. &quot;It is,&quot; says a contemporary
+judge, &quot;a dark case of divination, to be remitted to the great day,
+whether he was guilty or innocent. Only it is certain he
+was a bad youth, and may serve as a beacon to all profligate
+persons.&quot;&mdash;FOUNTAINHALL'S <i>Decisions</i>, Vol. I. p. 483.</p>
+
+<p>While all ranks believed alike the existence of these prodigies, the
+vulgar were contented to refer them to the immediate interference of the
+Deity, or, as they termed it, God's revenge against murder. But those,
+who, while they had overleaped the bounds of superstition, were still
+entangled in the mazes of mystic philosophy, amongst whom we must
+reckon many of the medical practitioners, endeavoured to explain the
+phenomenon, by referring to the secret power of sympathy, which even
+Bacon did not venture to dispute. To this occult agency was imputed the
+cure of wounds, effected by applying salves and powders, not to
+the wound itself, but to the sword or dagger, by which it had been
+inflicted; a course of treatment, which, wonderful as it may at first
+seem, was certainly frequently attended with signal success.<a name="FNanchor_A_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_131"><sup>[A]</sup></a> This,
+however, was attributed to magic, and those, who submitted to such a
+mode of cure, were refused spiritual assistance.</p>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_131">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> The first part of the process was to wash the wound clean,
+and bind it up so as to promote adhesion, and exclude the air. Now,
+though the remedies, afterwards applied to the sword, could hardly
+promote so desirable an issue, yet it is evident the wound stood a good
+chance of healing by the operation of nature, which, I believe, medical
+gentlemen call a cure by the first intention.</p></div>
+
+<p>The vulgar continue to believe firmly in the phenomenon of the murdered
+corpse bleeding at the approach of the murderer. &quot;Many (I adopt the
+words of an ingenious correspondent) are the proofs advanced in
+confirmation of the opinion, against those who are so hardy as to doubt
+it; but one, in particular, as it is said to have happened in this
+place, I cannot help repeating.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Two young men, going a fishing in the river Yarrow, fell out; and so
+high ran the quarrel, that the one, in a passion, stabbed the other to
+the heart with a fish spear. Astonished &quot;at the rash act, he hesitated
+whether to fly, give himself up to justice, or conceal the crime; and,
+in the end, fixed on the latter expedient, burying the body of his
+friend very deep in the sands. As the meeting had been accidental, he
+was never from gaiety to a settled melancholy. Time passed on for
+the space of fifty years, when a smith, fishing near the same place,
+discovered an uncommon and curious bone, which he put in his pocket,
+and afterwards showed to some people in his smithy. The murderer being
+present, now an old white-headed man, leaning on his staff, desired a
+sight of the little bone; but how horrible was the issue! no sooner had
+he touched it, than it streamed with purple blood. Being told where it
+was found, he confessed the crime, was condemned, but was prevented, by
+death, from suffering the punishment due to his crime.</p>
+
+<p>&quot;Such opinions, though reason forbids us to believe them, a few moments
+reflection on the cause of their origin will teach us to revere. Under
+the feudal system which prevailed, the rights of humanity were too often
+violated, and redress very hard to be procured; thus an awful deference
+to one of the leading attributes of Omnipotence begat on the mind,
+untutored by philosophy, the first germ of these supernatural effects;
+which was, by superstitious zeal, assisted, perhaps, by a few instances
+of sudden remorse, magnified into evidence of indisputable guilt.&quot;</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.</p>
+
+<p>NOW FIRST PUBLISHED IN A PERFECT STATE.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p>Lochroyan, whence this ballad probably derives its name, lies in
+Galloway. The lover, who, if the story be real, may be supposed to have
+been detained by sickness, is represented, in the legend, as confined by
+Fairy charms in an enchanted castle situated in the sea. The ruins of
+ancient edifices are still visible on the summits of most of those
+small islands, or rather insulated rocks, which lie along the coast of
+Ayrshire and Galloway; as Ailsa and Big Scaur.</p>
+
+<p>This edition of the ballad obtained is composed of verses selected from
+three MS. copies, and two from recitation. Two of the copies are in
+Herd's MSS.; the third in that of Mrs Brown of Falkland.</p>
+
+<p>A fragment of the original song, which is sometimes denominated <i>Lord
+Gregory</i>, or <i>Love Gregory</i>, was published in Mr Herd's Collection,
+1774, and, still more fully, in that of Laurie and Symington, 1792. The
+story has been celebrated both by Burns and Dr Wolcott.</p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.</p>
+
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha will shoe my bonny foot?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And wha will glove my hand?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha will lace my middle jimp</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;W' a lang lang linen band?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wha will kame my yellow hair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;With a new made silver kame?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wha will father my young son</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till Lord Gregory come hame?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy father will shoe thy bonny foot,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Thy mother will glove thy hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy sister will lace thy middle jimp,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Till Lord Gregory come to land.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thy brother will kame thy yellow hair</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;With a new made silver kame,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And God will be thy bairn's father</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Till Lord Gregory come hame.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I will get a bonny boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And I will sail the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I will gang to Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Since he canna come hame to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Syne she's gar'd build a bonny boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To sail the salt salt sea:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sails were o' the light-green silk,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The tows<a name="FNanchor_A_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_132"><sup>[A]</sup></a> o' taffety.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She hadna sailed but twenty leagues,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But twenty leagues and three,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When she met wi' a rank robber,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And a' his company.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now whether are ye the queen hersell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;(For so ye weel might be)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or are ye the lass of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Seekin' Lord Gregory?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I am neither the queen,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor sic I seem to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am the lass of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Seekin' Lord Gregory.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O see na thou yon bonny bower?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Its a' covered o'er wi' tiu:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;When thou hast sailed it round about,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Lord Gregory is within.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when she saw the stately tower</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shining sae clear and bright,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whilk stood aboon the jawing<a name="FNanchor_B_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_133"><sup>[B]</sup></a> wave,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Built on a rock of height;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Row the boat, my mariners,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And bring me to the land!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For yonder I see my love's castle</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Close by the salt sea strand.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She sailed it round, and sailed it round,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And loud, loud, cried she&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now break, now break, ye Fairy charms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And set my true love free!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's ta'en her young son in her arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And to the door she's gane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And long she knocked, and sair she ca'd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But answer got she nane.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O open the door, Lord Gregory!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O open, and let me in!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For the wind blaws through my yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And the rain drops o'er my chin.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Awa, awa, ye ill woman!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Ye're no come here for good!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye're but some witch, or wil warlock,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or mermaid o' the flood.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I am neither witch, nor wil warlock,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor mermaid o' the sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I am Annie of Lochroyan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O open the door to me!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin thou be Annie of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;(As I trow thou binna she)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now tell me some o' the love tokens</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That past between thee and me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O dinna ye mind, Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As we sat at the wine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;We chang'd the rings frae our fingers,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And I can shew thee thine?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O your's was gude, and gude enough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But ay the best was mine;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For your's was o' the gude red gowd,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But mine o' the diamond fine.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And has na thou mind, Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As we sat on the hill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Thou twin'd me o' my maidenheid</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Right sair against my will?</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, open the door, Lord Gregory!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Open the door, I pray!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For thy young son is in my arms,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And will be dead ere day.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;If thou be the lass of Lochroyan,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;(As I kenna thou be)</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Tell me some mair o' the love tokens</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Past between me and thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Annie turned her round about&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Weel! since that it be sae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;May never woman, that has borne a son,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Hae a heart sae fu' o' wae!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Take down, take down, that mast o' gowd!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Set up a mast o' tree!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It disna become a forsaken lady.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To sail sae royallie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When the cock had crawn, and the day did dawn.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And the sun began to peep,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and raise him, Lord Gregory,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And sair, sair did he weep.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I wish it may prove true!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That the bonny lass of Lochroyan</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Was at the yate e'en now.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The thought o't gars me greet!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That fair Annie o' Lochroyan</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Lay cauld dead at my feet.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin it be for Annie of Lochroyan</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ye make a' this din,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She stood a' last night at your door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;But I trow she wanna in.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wae betide ye, ill woman!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;An ill deid may ye die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That wadna open the door to her,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor yet wad waken me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O he's gane down to yon shore side</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As fast as he could fare;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">He saw fair Annie in the boat,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But the wind it tossed her sair.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And hey Annie, and how Annie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;O Annie, winna ye bide!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But ay the mair he cried Annie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The braider grew the tide.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And hey Annie, and how Annie!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Dear Annie, speak to me!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But ay the louder he cried Annie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The louder roared the sea.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The wind blew loud, the sea grew rough,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And dashed the boat on shore;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Annie floated through the faem,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">But the babie raise no more.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord Gregory tore his yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And made a heavy moan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fair Annie's corpse lay at his feet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her bonny young son was gone.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O cherry, cherry was her cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And gowden was her hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But clay-cold were her rosy lips&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nae spark o' life was there.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And first he kissed her cherry cheek,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And syne he kissed her chin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And syne he kissed her rosy lips&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">There was nae breath within.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wae betide my cruel mother!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An ill death may she die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She turned my true love frae my door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Wha came sae far to me.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wae betide my cruel mother!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;An ill death may she die!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She turned fair Annie frae my door,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Wha died for love o' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_132">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Tows</i>&mdash;Ropes.</p></div>
+
+<a name="Footnote_B_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_133">[B]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Jawing</i>&mdash;Dashing.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILLY.</p>
+
+<p>NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p><i>This legendary Tale is given chiefly from Mrs.</i> BROWN'S <i>MS.
+Accordingly, many of the rhymes arise from the Northern mode of
+pronunciation; as</i> dee <i>for</i> do, <i>and the like.&mdash;Perhaps the Ballad may
+have originally related to the history of the celebrated</i> ROBIN HOOD;
+<i>as mention is made of Barnisdale, his favourite abode.</i></p>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Rose the Red, and White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Their mother deir was dead:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And their father has married an ill woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wished them twa little guid.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But she had twa as gallant sons</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As ever brake man's bread;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the tane o' them lo'ed her, White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And the tother Rose the Red.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O bigged hae they a bigly bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Fast by the roaring strand;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there was mair mirth in the ladyes' bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nor in a' their father's land.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But out and spake their step-mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As she stood a little forebye&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hope to live and play the prank,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Sall gar your loud sang lie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's call'd upon her eldest son;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Cum here, my son, to me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It fears me sair, my bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That ye maun sail the sea.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin sae it maun be, my deir mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Your bidding I maun dee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, be never waur to Rose the Red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Than ye hae been to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's called upon her youngest son;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Cum here, my son, to me:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;It fears me sair, my Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That ye maun sail the sea.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin it fear ye sair, my mother deir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Your bidding I sall dee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But, be never waur to White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Than ye hae been to me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now hand your tongues, ye foolish boys!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For small sall be their part:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;They ne'er again sall see your face,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Gin their very hearts suld break.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sae Bauld Arthur's gane to our king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His hie chamberlain to be;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But Brown Robin, he has slain a knight,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to grene-wood he did flee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When Rose the Red, and White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Saw their twa loves were gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sune did they drop the loud loud sang,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Took up the still mourning.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And out then spake her White Lilly;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My sister, we'll be gane:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Why suld we stay in Barnisdale,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;To mourn our hour within?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O cutted hae they their green cloathing,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune their knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sae hae they their yellow hair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">A little abune their bree.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And left hae they that bonny hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To cross the raging sea;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae ta'en to a holy chapel,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Was christened by Our Ladye.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae changed their twa names,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sae far frae ony toun;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And the tane o' them's hight Sweet Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And the tother's Rouge the Rounde.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Between the twa a promise is,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And they hae sworn it to fulfill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whenever the tane blew a bugle-horn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The tother suld cum her till.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet Willy's gane to the king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her true love for to see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And Rouge the Rounde to gude grene-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Brown Robin's man to be.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O it fell anes, upon a time,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">They putted at the stane;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And seven foot ayont them a',</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Brown Robin's gar'd it gang.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She lifted the heavy putting-stane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And gave a sad &quot;O hon!&quot;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out bespake him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But that's a woman's moan!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O kent ye by my rosy lips?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Or by my yellow hair?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or kent ye by my milk-white breast,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Ye never yet saw bare?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I kent na by your rosy lips,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Nor by your yellow hair;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, cum to your bour whaever likes,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;They'll find a ladye there.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O gin ye come my bour within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Through fraud, deceit, or guile,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I vow I will thee kill.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet durst I cum into your bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And ask nae leave,&quot; quo' he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Wave danger back on thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">About the dead hour o' the night,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The ladye's bour was broken;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, about the first hour o' the day,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The fair knave bairn was gotten.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When days were gane, and months were come,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The ladye was sad and wan;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And aye she cried for a bour woman,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For to wait her upon.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then up and spake him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;And what needs this?&quot; quo' he;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or what can woman do for you,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That canna be done by me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;'Twas never my mother's fashion,&quot; she said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Nor shall it e'er be mine,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;That belted knights should e'er remain</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;While ladyes dree'd their pain.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But, gin ye take that bugle-horn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And wind a blast sae shrill,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I hae a brother in yonder court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Will cum me quickly till.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O gin ye hae a brother on earth,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That ye lo'e mair than me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Ye may blaw the horn yoursell,&quot; he says,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For a blast I winna gie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She's ta'en the bugle in her hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And blawn baith loud and shrill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet William started at the sound,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And cam her quickly till.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O up and starts him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And swore by Our Ladye,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;No man shall cum into this hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;But first maun fight wi' me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O they hae fought the wood within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Till the sun was going down;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And drops o' blood, frae Rose the Red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Came pouring to the ground.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">She leant her back against an aik,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Said&mdash;&quot;Robin, let me be:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For it is a ladye, bred and born,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That has fought this day wi' thee.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O seven foot he started back.</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Cried&mdash;&quot;Alas and woe is me!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;For I wished never, in all my life,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;A woman's bluid to see:</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And that all for the knightly vow</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;I swore to Our Ladye;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But mair for the sake o' ae fair maid,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Whose name was White Lilly.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake her, Rouge the Rounde,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And leugh right heartilie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;She has been wi' you this year and mair,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Though ye wistna it was she.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Now word has gane through all the land,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Before a month was gane,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">That a forester's page, in gude grene-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Had borne a bonny son.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The marvel gaed to the king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And to the king himsell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, by my fay,&quot; the king did say,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;The like was never heard tell!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake him, Bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And laugh'd right loud and hie&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I trow some may has plaid the lown,<a name="FNanchor_A_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_134"><sup>[A]</sup></a></span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And fled her ain countrie.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Bring me my steid!&quot; the king can say;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My bow and arrows keen;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And I'll gae hunt in yonder wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And see what's to be seen.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin it please your grace,&quot; quo' Bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My liege, I'll gang you wi';</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And see gin I can meet a bonny page,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That's stray'd awa frae me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And they hae chaced in gude grene-wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">The buck but and the rae,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Till they drew near Brown Robin's hour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">About the close o' day.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and spake the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Arthur, look and see,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Gin you be not your favourite page,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That leans against yon tree.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O Arthur's ta'en a bugle-horn,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And blawn a blast sae shrill;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweet Willie started to her feet,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ran him quickly till.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O wanted ye your meat, Willie,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Or wanted ye your fee?</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Or gat ye e'er an angry word,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That ye ran awa frae me?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I wanted nought, my master dear;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;To me ye aye was good:</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I cam to see my ae brother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;That wons in this grene-wood.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out bespake the king again,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My boy, now tell to me,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Who dwells into yon bigly bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;Beneath yon green aik tree?&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O pardon me,&quot; said Sweet Willy;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;My liege I dare na tell;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And gang na near yon outlaw's bour,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For fear they suld you kill.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O hand your tongue, my bonny boy!</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;For I winna be said nay;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But I will gang yon hour within,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Betide me weal or wae.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They have lighted frae their milk-white steids,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And saftly entered in;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And there they saw her, White Lilly,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Nursing her bonny young son.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, by the mass,&quot; the king he said,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This is a comely sight;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;I trow, instead of a forester's man,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This is a ladye bright!&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">O out and spake her, Rose the Red,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And fell low on her knee:&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;O pardon us, my gracious liege,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And our story I'll tell thee.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Our father is a wealthy lord,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;Lives into Barnisdale;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;But we had a wicked step-mother,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;That wrought us meikle bale.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Yet had she twa as fu' fair sons,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;As e'er the sun did see;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;And the tane o' them lo'ed my sister deir,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;And the tother said he lo'ed me.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then out and cried him, Bauld Arthur,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">As by the king he stood,&mdash;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">&quot;Now, by the faith of my body,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">&quot;This suld be Rose the Red!</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has sent for robes o' grene,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And girdles o' shining gold;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And sae sune have the ladyes busked themselves,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Sae glorious to behold.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Then in and came him, Brown Robin,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Frae hunting o' the king's deer,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But when he saw the king himsell,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He started back for fear.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has ta'en Robin by the hand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And bade him nothing dread,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But quit for aye the gude grene wood,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And cum to the court wi' speed.</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The king has ta'en White Lilly's son,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And set him on his knee;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Says&mdash;&quot;Gin ye live to wield a brand,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&quot;My bowman thou sall be.&quot;</span><br>
+
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">They have ta'en them to the holy chapelle,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And there had fair wedding;</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">And when they cam to the king's court,</span><br>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For joy the bells did ring.</span><br>
+
+<a name="Footnote_A_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_134">[A]</a><div class="note"><p> <i>Lown</i>&mdash;Rogue.</p></div>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,
+Vol. II (of 3), by Walter Scott
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. II
+(of 3), by Walter Scott
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. II (of 3)
+       Consisting Of Historical And Romantic Ballads, Collected In The
+       Southern Counties Of Scotland; With A Few Of Modern Date, Founded
+       Upon Local Tradition
+
+
+Author: Walter Scott
+
+Release Date: July 11, 2004 [EBook #12882]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MINSTRELSY, VOL. II ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Shawn Cruze and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER:
+
+
+CONSISTING OF
+HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC BALLADS,
+COLLECTED
+IN THE SOUTHERN COUNTIES OF SCOTLAND; WITH A FEW
+OF MODERN DATE, FOUNDED UPON
+LOCAL TRADITION.
+
+
+IN THREE VOLUMES.
+
+
+VOL. II.
+
+
+ The songs, to savage virtue dear.
+ That won of yore the public ear,
+ Ere Polity, sedate and sage,
+ Had quench'd the fires of feudal rage.--WARTON.
+
+
+THIRD EDITION.
+
+1806.
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+TO
+THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+
+LESLEY'S MARCH
+The Battle of Philiphaugh
+The Gallant Grahams
+The Battle of Pentland Hills
+The Battle of Loudonhill
+The Battle of Bothwell-bridge
+
+
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+_ROMANTIC BALLADS._
+
+
+Scottish Music, an Ode
+Introduction to the Tale of Tamlane
+The Young Tamlane
+Erlinton
+The Twa Corbies
+The Douglas Tragedy
+Young Benjie
+Lady Anne
+Lord William
+The Broomfield-Hill
+Proud Lady Margaret
+The Original Ballad of the Broom of Cowdenknows
+Lord Randal
+Sir Hugh Le Blond
+Graeme and Bewick
+The Duel of Wharton and Stuart, Part I.
+    Part II.
+The Lament of the Border Widow
+Fair Helen of Kirkonnel, Part I.
+    Part II.
+Hughie the Graeme
+Johnie of Breadislee
+Katherine Janfarie
+The Laird o' Logie
+A Lyke-wake Dirge
+The Dowie Dens of Yarrow
+The Gay Goss Hawk
+Brown Adam
+Jellon Grame
+Willie's Ladye
+Clerk Saunders
+Earl Richard
+The Lass of Lochroyan
+Rose the Red and White Lilly
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY
+OF THE
+SCOTTISH BORDER.
+
+
+PART FIRST.--CONTINUED.
+
+_HISTORICAL BALLADS._
+
+
+
+
+LESLY'S MARCH.
+
+
+  "But, O my country! how shall memory trace
+  "Thy glories, lost in either Charles's days,
+  "When through thy fields destructive rapine spread,
+  "Nor sparing infants' tears, nor hoary head!
+  "In those dread days, the unprotected swain
+  "Mourn'd, in the mountains, o'er his wasted plain;
+  "Nor longer vocal, with the shepherd's lay,
+  "Were Yarrow's banks, or groves of Endermay."
+      LANGHORN--_Genius and Valour_.
+
+
+Such are the verses, in which a modern bard has painted the desolate
+state of Scotland, during a period highly unfavourable to poetical
+composition. Yet the civil and religious wars of the seventeenth century
+have afforded some subjects for traditionary poetry, and the reader is
+here presented with the ballads of that disastrous aera. Some prefatory
+history may not be unacceptable.
+
+That the Reformation was a good and a glorious work, few will be such
+slavish bigots as to deny. But the enemy came, by night, and sowed tares
+among the wheat; or rather; the foul and rank soil, upon which the seed
+was thrown, pushed forth, together with the rising crop, a plentiful
+proportion of pestilential weeds. The morals of the reformed clergy were
+severe; their learning was usually respectable, sometimes profound;
+and their eloquence, though often coarse, was vehement, animated, and
+popular. But they never could forget, that their rise had been achieved
+by the degradation, if not the fall, of the crown; and hence, a body of
+men, who, in most countries, have been attached to monarchy, were in
+Scotland, for nearly two centuries, sometimes the avowed enemies, always
+the ambitious rivals, of their prince. The disciples of Calvin could
+scarcely avoid a tendency to democracy, and the republican form of
+church government was sometimes hinted at, as no unfit model for the
+state; at least, the kirkmen laboured to impress, upon their followers
+and hearers, the fundamental principle, that the church should be solely
+governed by those, unto whom God had given the spiritual sceptre. The
+elder Melvine, in a conference with James VI., seized the monarch by the
+sleeve, and, addressing him as _God's sillie vassal_, told him, "There
+are two kings, and two kingdomes. There is Christ, and his kingdome, the
+kirke; whose subject King James the sixth is, and of whose kingdome he
+is not a king, nor a head, nor a lord, but a member; and they, whom
+Christ hath called and commanded to watch ower his kirke, and govern his
+spiritual kingdome, have sufficient authorise and power from him so to
+do; which no christian king, no prince, should controul or discharge,
+but fortifie and assist: otherwise they are not faithful subjects to
+Christ."--_Calderwood_, p. 329. The delegated theocracy, thus sternly
+claimed, was exercised with equal rigour. The offences in the king's
+household fell under their unceremonious jurisdiction, and he was
+formally reminded of his occasional neglect to say grace before and
+after meat--his repairing to hear the word more rarely than was
+fitting--his profane banning and swearing, and keeping of evil
+company--and finally, of his queen's carding, dancing, night-walking,
+and such like profane pastimes.--_Calderwood_, p. 313. A curse, direct
+or implied, was formally denounced against every man, horse, and spear,
+who should assist the king in his quarrel with the Earl of Gowrie; and
+from the pulpit, the favourites of the listening sovereign were likened
+to Haman, his wife to Herodias, and he himself to Ahab, to Herod, and
+to Jeroboam. These effusions of zeal could not be very agreeable to the
+temper of James: and accordingly, by a course of slow, and often crooked
+and cunning policy, he laboured to arrange the church-government upon
+a less turbulent and menacing footing. His eyes were naturally turned
+towards the English hierarchy, which had been modelled, by the despotic
+Henry VIII., into such a form, as to connect indissolubly the interest
+of the church with that of the regal power.[A] The Reformation, in
+England, had originated in the arbitrary will of the prince; in
+Scotland, and in all other countries of Europe, it had commenced among
+insurgents of the lower ranks. Hence, the deep and essential
+difference which separated the Huguenots, the Lutherans, the Scottish
+presbyterians, and, in fine, all the other reformed churches, from that
+of England. But James, with a timidity which sometimes supplies the
+place of prudence, contented himself with gradually imposing upon the
+Scottish nation a limited and moderate system of episcopacy, which,
+while it gave to a proportion of the churchmen a seat in the council of
+the nation, induced them to look up to the sovereign, as the power to
+whose influence they owed their elevation. But, in other respects, James
+spared the prejudices of his subjects; no ceremonial ritual was imposed
+upon their consciences; the pastors were reconciled by the prospect of
+preferment,[B] the dress and train of the bishops were plain and decent;
+the system of tythes was placed upon a moderate and unoppressive
+footing;[C] and, perhaps, on the whole, the Scottish hierarchy contained
+as few objectionable points as any system of church-government in
+Europe. Had it subsisted to the present day, although its doctrines
+could not have been more pure, nor its morals more exemplary, than those
+of the present kirk of Scotland, yet its degrees of promotion might have
+afforded greater encouragement to learning, and objects of laudable
+ambition to those, who might dedicate themselves to its service. But
+the precipitate bigotry of the unfortunate Charles I. was a blow to
+episcopacy in Scotland, from which it never perfectly recovered.
+
+[Footnote A: Of this the Covenanters were so sensible, as to trace
+(what they called) the Antichristian hierarchy, with its idolatry,
+superstition, and human inventions, "to the prelacy of England, the
+fountain whence all these Babylonish streams issue unto us."--See their
+manifesto on entering England, in 1640.]
+
+[Footnote B: Many of the preachers, who had been loudest in the cause of
+presbytery, were induced to accept of bishoprics. Such was, for example,
+William Cooper, who was created bishop of Galloway. This recreant Mass
+John was a hypochondriac, and conceived his lower extremities to be
+composed of glass; hence, on his court advancement, the following
+epigram was composed:
+
+    _"Aureus heu! frugilem confregit malleus urnam."_]
+
+[Footnote C: This part of the system was perfected in the reign of
+Charles I.]
+
+It has frequently happened, that the virtues of the individual, at least
+their excess (if, indeed, there can be an excess in virtue), have been
+fatal to the prince. Never was this more fully exemplified than in the
+history of Charles I. His zeal for religion, his family affection, the
+spirit with which he defended his supposed rights, while they do honour
+to the man, were the fatal shelves upon which the monarchy was wrecked.
+Impatient to accomplish the total revolution, which his father's
+cautious timidity had left incomplete, Charles endeavoured at once to
+introduce into Scotland the church-government, and to renew, in England,
+the temporal domination, of his predecessor, Henry VIII. The furious
+temper of the Scottish nation first took fire; and the brandished
+footstool of a prostitute[A] gave the signal for civil dissension,
+which ceased not till the church was buried under the ruins of the
+constitution; till the nation had stooped to a military despotism; and
+the monarch to the block of the executioner.
+
+[Footnote A: "_Out, false loon! wilt thou say the mass at my lug
+(ear)_," was the well known exclamation of Margaret Geddes, as she
+discharged her missile tripod against the bishop of Edinburgh, who,
+in obedience to the orders of the privy-council, was endeavouring to
+rehearse the common prayer. Upon a seat more elevated, the said Margaret
+had shortly before done penance, before the congregation, for the sin of
+fornication: such, at least, is the tory tradition.]
+
+The consequence of Charles' hasty and arbitrary measures were soon
+evident. The united nobility, gentry, and clergy of Scotland, entered
+into the SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT, by which memorable deed, they
+subscribed and swore a national renunciation of the hierarchy. The walls
+of the prelatic Jericho (to use the language of the times) were thus
+levelled with the ground, and the curse of Hiel, the Bethelite,
+denounced against those who should rebuild them. While the clergy
+thundered, from the pulpits, against the prelatists and malignants (by
+which names were distinguished the scattered and heartless adherents of
+Charles), the nobility and gentry, in arms, hurried to oppose the march
+of the English army, which now advanced towards their borders. At the
+head of their defensive forces they placed Alexander Lesley, who, with
+many of his best officers, had been trained to war under the great
+Gustavus Adolphus. They soon assembled an army of 26,000 men, whose
+camp, upon Dunse-law, is thus described by an eye-witness.
+
+"Mr Baillie acknowledges, that it was an agreeable feast to his eyes,
+to survey the place: it is a round hill, about a Scots mile in circle,
+rising, with very little declivity, to the height of a bow-shot, and the
+head somewhat plain, and near a quarter of a mile in length and breadth;
+on the top it was garnished with near forty field pieces, pointed
+towards the east and south. The colonels, who were mostly noblemen, as
+Rothes, Cassilis, Eglinton, Dalhousie, Lindsay, Lowdon, Boyd, Sinclair,
+Balcarras, Flemyng, Kirkcudbright, Erskine, Montgomery, Yester, &c.
+lay in large tents at the head of their respective regiments; their
+captains, who generally were barons, or chief gentlemen, lay around
+them: next to these were the lieutenants, who were generally old
+veterans, and had served in that, or a higher station, over sea; and the
+common soldiers lay outmost, all in huts of timber, covered with divot,
+or straw. Every company, which, according to the first plan, did consist
+of two hundred men, had their colours flying at the captain's tent door,
+with the Scots arms upon them, and this motto, in golden letters, "FOR
+CHRIST'S CROWN AND COVENANT." Against this army, so well arrayed and
+disciplined, and whose natural hardihood was edged and exalted by a high
+opinion of their sacred cause, Charles marched at the head of a large
+force, but divided, by the emulation of the commanders, and enervated,
+by disuse of arms. A faintness of spirit pervaded the royal army, and
+the king stooped to a treaty with his Scottish subjects. The treaty was
+soon broken; and, in the following year, Dunse-law again presented the
+same edifying spectacle of a presbyterian army. But the Scots were not
+contented with remaining there. They passed the Tweed; and the English
+troops, in a skirmish at Newburn, shewed either more disaffection,
+or cowardice, than had at any former period disgraced their national
+character. This war was concluded by the treaty of Rippon; in
+consequence of which, and of Charles's concessions, made during his
+subsequent visit to his native country, the Scottish parliament
+congratulated him on departing "a contented king, from a contented
+people." If such content ever existed, it was of short duration.
+
+The storm, which had been soothed to temporary rest in Scotland, burst
+forth in England with treble violence. The popular clamour accused
+Charles, or his ministers, of fetching into Britain the religion of
+Rome, and the policy of Constantinople. The Scots felt most keenly the
+first, and the English the second, of these aggressions. Accordingly,
+when the civil war of England broke forth, the Scots nation, for a time,
+regarded it in neutrality, though not with indifference. But, when the
+successes of a prelatic monarch, against a presbyterian parliament, were
+paving the way for rebuilding the system of hierarchy, they could no
+longer remain inactive. Bribed by the delusive promise of Sir Henry
+Vane, and Marshall, the parliamentary commissioners, that the church of
+England should be reformed, _according to the word of God_, which, they
+fondly believed, amounted to an adoption of presbytery, they agreed to
+send succours to their brethren of England. Alexander Lesly, who ought
+to have ranked among the _contented_ subjects, having been raised by the
+king to the honours of Earl of Leven, was, nevertheless, readily induced
+to accept the command of this second army. Doubtless, where insurrection
+is not only pardoned, but rewarded, a monarch has little right to expect
+gratitude for benefits, which all the world, as well as the receiver,
+must attribute to fear. Yet something is due to decency; and the best
+apology for Lesly, is his zeal for propagating presbyterianism in
+England, the bait which had caught the whole parliament of Scotland.
+But, although the Earl of Leven was commander in chief, David Lesly, a
+yet more renowned and active soldier than himself, was major-general of
+the cavalry, and, in truth, bore away the laurels of the expedition.
+
+The words of the following march, which was played in the van of this
+presbyterian crusade, were first published by Allan Ramsay, in his
+_Evergreen_; and they breathe the very spirit we might expect. Mr
+Ritson, in his collection of Scottish songs, has favoured the public
+with the music, which seems to have been adapted to the bagpipes.
+
+The hatred of the old presbyterians to the organ was, apparently,
+invincible. It is here vilified with the name of a "_chest-full of
+whistles_," as the episcopal chapel at Glasgow was, by the vulgar,
+opprobriously termed the _Whistling Kirk_. Yet, such is the revolution
+of sentiment upon this, as upon more important points, that reports have
+lately been current, of a plan to introduce this noble instrument into
+presbyterian congregations.
+
+The share, which Lesly's army bore in the action of Marston Moor, has
+been exalted, or depressed, as writers were attached to the English or
+Scottish nations, to the presbyterian or independent factions. Mr Laing
+concludes, with laudable impartiality, that the victory was equally due
+to "Cromwell's iron brigade of disciplined independents, and to three
+regiments of Lesly's horse."--Vol I. p. 244.
+
+
+
+LESLEY'S MARCH.
+
+
+  March! march!
+  Why the devil do ye na march?
+  Stand to your arms, my lads,
+  Fight in good order;
+  Front about, ye musketeers all,
+  Till ye come to the English border:
+    Stand til't, and fight like men,
+    True gospel to maintain.
+  The parliament's blythe to see us a' coming.
+    When to the kirk we come,
+    We'll purge it ilka room,
+  Frae popish reliques, and a' sic innovation,
+    That a' the warld may see,
+    There's nane in the right but we,
+  Of the auld Scottish nation.
+  _Jenny_ shall wear the hood,
+  _Jocky_ the sark of God;
+  And the kist-fou of whistles,
+  That mak sic a cleiro,
+    Our piper's braw
+    Shall hae them a',
+    Whate'er come on it:
+    Busk up your plaids, my lads!
+    Cock up your bonnets!
+          _Da Capo._
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+This ballad is so immediately connected with the former, that the editor
+is enabled to continue his sketch of historical transactions, from the
+march of Lesly.
+
+In the insurrection of 1680, all Scotland, south from the Grampians, was
+actively and zealously engaged. But, after the treaty of Rippon, the
+first fury of the revolutionary torrent may be said to have foamed off
+its force, and many of the nobility began to look round, with horror,
+upon the rocks and shelves amongst which it had hurried them. Numbers
+regarded the defence of Scotland as a just and necessary warfare, who
+did not see the same reason for interfering in the affairs of England.
+The visit of King Charles to the metropolis of his fathers, in all
+probability, produced its effect on his nobles. Some were allied to
+the house of Stuart by blood; all regarded it as the source of their
+honours, and venerated the ancient in obtaining the private objects of
+ambition, or selfish policy which had induced them to rise up against
+the crown. Amongst these late penitents, the well known marquis of
+Montrose was distinguished, as the first who endeavoured to recede from
+the paths of rude rebellion. Moved by the enthusiasm of patriotism, or
+perhaps of religion, but yet more by ambition, the sin of noble
+minds, Montrose had engaged, eagerly and deeply, upon the side of the
+covenanters He had been active in pressing the town of Aberdeen to take
+the covenant, and his success against the Gordons, at the bridge of Dee,
+left that royal burgh no other means of safety from pillage. At the head
+of his own battalion, he waded through the Tweed, in 1640, and totally
+routed the vanguard of the king's cavalry. But, in 1643, moved with
+resentment against the covenanters who preferred, to his prompt and
+ardent character, the caution of the wily and politic earl of Argyle, or
+seeing, perhaps, that the final views of that party were inconsistent
+with the interests of monarchy, and of the constitution, Montrose
+espoused the falling cause of royalty and raised the Highland clans,
+whom he united to a small body of Irish, commanded by Alexander
+Macdonald, still renowned in the north, under the title of Colkitto.
+With these tumultuary and uncertain forces, he rushed forth, like a
+torrent from the mountains, and commenced a rapid and brilliant career
+of victory. At Tippermoor, where he first met the covenanters, their
+defeat was so effectual, as to appal the presbyterian courage, even
+after the lapse of eighty years.[A] A second army was defeated under the
+walls of Aberdeen; and the pillage of the ill-fated town was doomed to
+expiate the principles, which Montrose himself had formerly imposed upon
+them. Argyleshire next experienced his arms; the domains of his rival
+were treated with more than military severity; and Argyle himself,
+advancing to Inverlochy for the defence of his country, was totally
+and disgracefully routed by Montrose. Pressed betwixt two armies,
+well appointed, and commanded by the most experienced generals of the
+Covenant, Mozitrose displayed more military skill in the astonishingly
+rapid marches, by which he avoided fighting to disadvantage, than even
+in the field of victory. By one of those hurried marches, from the banks
+of Loch Katrine to the heart of Inverness-shire, he was enabled to
+attack, and totally to defeat, the Covenanters, at Aulderne though he
+brought into the field hardly one half of their forces. Baillie, a
+veteran officer, was next routed by him, at the village of Alford,
+in Strathbogie. Encouraged by these repeated and splendid successes,
+Montrose now descended into the heart of Scotland, and fought a bloody
+and decisive battle, near Kilsyth, where four thousand covenanters fell
+under the Highland claymore.
+
+[Footnote A: Upon the breaking out of the insurrection, in the year
+1715, the earl of Rothes, sheriff and lord-lieutenant of the county of
+Fife, issued out an order for "all the fencible men of the countie to
+meet him, at a place called Cashmoor. The gentlemen took no notice of
+his orders, nor did the commons, except those whom the ministers forced
+to goe to the place of rendezvouse, to the number of fifteen hundred
+men, being all that their utmost diligence could perform. But those of
+that countie, having been taught by their experience, that it is not
+good meddling with edge tools, especiallie in the hands of Highlandmen,
+were very averse from taking armes. No sooner they reflected on the name
+of the place of rendezvouse, Cashmoor, than Tippermoor was called to
+mind; a place not far from thence, where Montrose had routed them, when
+under the command of my great-grand-uncle the earl of Wemyss, then
+generall of God's armie. In a word, the unlucky choice of a place,
+called _Moo_, appeared ominous; and that, with the flying report of the
+Highlandmen having made themselves masters of Perth, made them throw
+down their armes, and run, notwithstanding the trouble that Rothes and
+the ministers gave themselves to stop them."--M.S. _Memoirs of Lord St
+Clair._]
+
+This victory opened the whole of Scotland to Montrose He occupied the
+capital, and marched forward to the border; not merely to complete the
+subjection of the southern provinces, but with the flattering hope of
+pouring his victorious army into England, and bringing to the support of
+Charles the sword of his paternal tribes.
+
+Half a century before Montrose's career, the state of the borders was
+such as might have enabled him easily to have accomplished his daring
+plan. The marquis of Douglas, the earls of Hume, Roxburgh, Traquair, and
+Annandale, were all descended of mighty border chiefs, whose ancestors
+could, each of them, have led into the field a body of their own
+vassals, equal in numbers, and superior in discipline, to the army of
+Montrose. But the military spirit of the borderers, and their attachment
+to their chiefs, had been much broken since the union of the crowns. The
+disarming acts of James had been carried rigorously into execution, and
+the smaller proprietors, no longer feeling the necessity of protection
+from their chiefs in war, had aspired to independence, and embraced
+the tenets of the covenant. Without imputing, with Wishart, absolute
+treachery to the border nobles, it may be allowed, that they looked with
+envy upon Montrose, and with dread and aversion upon his rapacious and
+disorderly forces. Hence, had it been in their power, it might not have
+altogether suited their inclinations, to have brought the strength
+of the border lances to the support of the northern clans. The once
+formidable name of Douglas still sufficed to raise some bands, by
+whom Montrose was joined, in his march down the Gala. With these
+reinforcements, and with the remnant of his Highlanders (for a great
+number had returned home with Colkitto, to deposit their plunder, and
+provide for their families), Montrose after traversing the border,
+finally encamped upon the field of Philiphaugh.
+
+The river Ettrick, immediately after its junction with the Yarrow, and
+previous to its falling into the Tweed, makes a large sweep to the
+southward, and winds almost beneath the lofty bank, on which the town
+of Selkirk stands; leaving, upon the northern side, a large and level
+plain, extending in an easterly direction, from a hill, covered with
+natural copse-wood, called the Harehead-wood, to the high ground which
+forms the banks of the Tweed, near Sunderland-hall. This plain is called
+Philliphaugh:[A] it is about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter
+of a mile broad; and, being defended, to the northward, by the high
+hills which separate Tweed from Yarrow, by the river in front, and by
+the high grounds, already mentioned on each flank, it forms, at once,
+a convenient and a secure field of encampment. On each flank Montrose
+threw up some trenches, which are still visible; and here he posted his
+infantry, amounting to about twelve or fifteen hundred men. He himself
+took up his quarters in the burgh of Selkirk, and, with him, the
+cavalry, in number hardly one thousand, but respectable, as being
+chiefly composed of gentlemen, and their immediate retainers. In this
+manner, by a fatal and unaccountable error, the river Ettrick was thrown
+betwixt the cavalry and infantry, which were to depend upon each other
+for intelligence and mutual support. But this might be overlooked by
+Montrose, in the conviction, that there was no armed enemy of Charles
+in the realm of Scotland; for he is said to have employed the night in
+writing and dispatching this agreeable intelligence to the king. Such an
+enemy was already within four miles of his camp.
+
+[Footnote A: The Scottish language is rich in words, expressive of local
+situation The single word _haugh_, conveys, to a Scotsman, almost all
+that I have endeavoured to explain in the text, by circumlocutory
+description.]
+
+Recalled by the danger of the cause of the Covenant, General David Lesly
+came down from England, at the head of those iron squadrons, whose force
+had been proved in the fatal battle of Long Marston Moor. His array
+consisted of from five to six thousand men, chiefly cavalry. Lesly's
+first plan seems to have been, to occupy the mid-land counties, so as to
+intercept the return of Montrose's Highlanders, and to force him to an
+unequal combat Accordingly, he marched along the eastern coast, from
+Berwick to Tranent; but there he suddenly altered his direction, and,
+crossing through Mid-Lothian, turned again to the southward, and,
+following the course of Gala water, arrived at Melrose, the evening
+before the engagement How it is possible that Montrose should have
+received no notice whatever of the march of so considerable an army,
+seems almost inconceivable, and proves, that the country was strongly
+disaffected to his cause, or person. Still more extraordinary does it
+appear, that, even with the advantage of a thick mist, Lesly should
+have, the next morning, advanced towards Montrose's encampment without
+being descried by a single scout. Such, however, was the case, and it
+was attended with all the consequences of the most complete surprisal.
+The first intimation that Montrose received of the march of Lesly,
+was the noise of the conflict, or, rather, that which attended the
+unresisted slaughter of his infantry, who never formed a line of battle:
+the right wing alone, supported by the thickets of Harehead-wood, and
+by the entrenchments which are there still visible, stood firm for some
+time. But Lesly had detached two thousand men, who, crossing the Ettrick
+still higher up than his main body, assaulted the rear of Montrose's
+right wing. At this moment, the marquis himself arrived, and beheld
+his army dispersed, for the first time, in irretrievable route. He
+had thrown himself upon a horse the instant he heard the firing, and,
+followed by such of his disorderly cavalry as had gathered upon the
+alarm, he galloped from Selkirk, crossed the Ettrick, and made a bold
+and desperate attempt to retrieve the fortune of the day. But all was
+in vain; and, after cutting his way, almost singly, through a body of
+Lesly's troopers, the gallant Montrose graced by his example the
+retreat of the fugitives. That retreat he continued up Yarrow, and over
+Minch-moor; nor did he stop till he arrived at Traquair, sixteen miles
+from the field of battle. Upon Philiphaugh he lost, in one defeat, the
+fruit of six splendid victories: nor was he again able effectually to
+make head, in Scotland, against the covenanted cause. The number slain
+in the field did not exceed three or four hundred; for the fugitives
+found refuge in the mountains, which had often been the retreat of
+vanquished armies, and were impervious to the pursuer's cavalry. Lesly
+abused his victory, and dishonoured his arms, by slaughtering, in cold
+blood, many of the prisoners whom he had taken; and the court-yard of
+Newark castle is said to have been the spot, upon which they were
+shot by his command. Many others are said, by Wishart, to have been
+precipitated from a high bridge over the Tweed. This, as Mr Laing
+remarks, is impossible; because there was not a bridge over the Tweed
+betwixt Peebles and Berwick. But there is an old bridge, over the
+Ettrick, only four miles from Philiphaugh, and another over the Yarrow,
+both of which lay in the very line of flight and pursuit; and either
+might have been the scene of the massacre. But if this is doubtful,
+it is too certain, that several of the royalists were executed by the
+Covenanters, as traitors to the king and parliament.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: A covenanted minister, present at the execution of these
+gentlemen observed, "This wark gaes bonnilie on!" an amiable
+exclamation equivalent to the modern _ca ira_, so often used on similar
+occasions.--_Wishart's Memoirs of Montrose._]
+
+I have reviewed, at some length, the details of this memorable
+engagement, which, at the same time, terminated the career of a hero,
+likened, by no mean judge of mankind[A] to those of antiquity, and
+decided the fate of his country. It is further remarkable, as the last
+field which was fought in Ettrick forest, the scene of so many bloody
+actions. The unaccountable neglect of patroles, and the imprudent
+separation betwixt the horse and foot, seem to have been the immediate
+causes of Montrose's defeat. But the ardent and impetuous character
+of this great warrior, corresponding with that of the troops which he
+commanded was better calculated for attack than defence; for surprising
+others, rather than for providing against surprise himself. Thus, he
+suffered loss by a sudden attack upon part of his forces, stationed at
+Aberdeen;[B] and, had he not extricated himself with the most singular
+ability, he must have lost his whole army, when surprised by Baillie,
+during the plunder of Dundee. Nor has it escaped an ingenious modern
+historian, that his final defeat at Dunbeath, so nearly resembles in its
+circumstances the surprise at Philiphaugh, as to throw some shade on his
+military talents.--LAING'S _History_.
+
+[Footnote A: Cardinal du Retz.]
+
+[Footnote B: Colonel Hurry, with a party of horse, surprised the town,
+while Montrose's Highlanders and cavaliers were "dispersed through the
+town, drinking carelessly in their lodgings; and, hearing the horse's
+feet, and great noise, were astonished, never dreaming of their enemy.
+However, Donald Farquharson happened to come to the causey, where he was
+cruelly slain, anent the Court de Guard; a brave gentleman, and one of
+the noblest captains amongst all the Highlanders of Scotland. Two or
+three others were killed, and some (taken prisoners) had to Edinburgh,
+and cast into irons in the tolbooth. Great lamentation was made for this
+gallant, being still the king's man for life and death."--SPALDING
+Vol. II. p. 281. The journalist, to whom all matters were of equal
+importance, proceeds to inform us, that Hurry took the marquis of
+Huntly's best horse, and, in his retreat through Montrose seized upon
+the marquis's second son. He also expresses his regret, that "the said
+Donald Farquharson's body was found in the street, stripped naked: for
+they tirr'd from off his body a rich stand of apparel, but put on the
+same day."--_Ibid._]
+
+The following ballad, which is preserved by tradition in Selkirkshire,
+coincides accurately with historical fact. This, indeed, constitutes its
+sole merit. The Covenanters were not, I dare say, addicted, more
+than their successors "to the profane and unprofitable art of
+poem-making."[A] Still, however, they could not refrain from some
+strains of exultation, over the defeat of the _truculent tyrant_, James
+Grahame. For, gentle reader, Montrose, who, with resources which seemed
+as none, gained six victories, and reconquered a kingdom; who, a poet, a
+scholar, a cavalier, and a general, could have graced alike a court,
+and governed a camp; this Montrose was numbered, by his covenanted
+countrymen, among "the troublers of Israel, the fire-brands of hell, the
+Corahs, the Balaams, the Doegs, the Rabshakahs, the Hamans, the Tobiahs,
+and Sanballats of the time."
+
+[Footnote A: So little was the spirit of illiberal fanaticism decayed
+in some parts of Scotland, that only thirty years ago, when Wilson,
+the ingenious author of a poem, called "_Clyde_," now republished, was
+inducted into the office of schoolmaster at Greenock, he was obliged
+formally, and in writing, to abjure _"the profane and unprofitable art
+of poem-making."_ It is proper to add, that such an incident is _now_ as
+unlikely to happen in Greenock as in London.]
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+  On Philiphaugh a fray began,
+    At Hairhead wood it ended;
+  The Scots out o'er the Graemes they ran,
+    Sae merrily they bended.
+
+  Sir David frae the border came,
+    Wi' heart an' hand came he;
+  Wi' him three thousand bonny Scotts,
+    To bear him company.
+
+  Wi' him three thousand valiant men,
+    A noble sight to see!
+  A cloud o' mist them weel concealed,
+    As close as e'er might be.
+
+  When they came to the Shaw burn,
+    Said he, "Sae weel we frame,
+  "I think it is convenient,
+    "That we should sing a psalm."[A]
+
+  When they came to the Lingly burn,
+    As day-light did appear,
+  They spy'd an aged father,
+    And he did draw them near.
+
+  "Come hither, aged father!"
+    Sir David he did cry,
+  "And tell me where Montrose lies,
+    "With all his great army."
+
+  "But, first, you must come tell to me,
+    "If friends or foes you be;
+  "I fear you are Montrose's men,
+    "Come frae the north country."
+
+  "No, we are nane o' Montrose's men,
+    "Nor e'er intend to be;
+  "I am sir David Lesly,
+    "That's speaking unto thee."
+
+  "If you're sir David Lesly,
+    "As I think weel ye be,
+  "I'm sorry ye hae brought so few
+    "Into your company.
+
+  "There's fifteen thousand armed men,
+    "Encamped on yon lee;
+  "Ye'll never be a bite to them,
+    "For aught that I can see.
+
+  "But, halve your men in equal parts,
+    "Your purpose to fulfil;
+  "Let ae half keep the water side,
+    "The rest gae round the hill.
+
+  "Your nether party fire must,
+    "Then beat a flying drum;
+  "And then they'll think the day's their ain,
+    "And frae the trench they'll come.
+
+  "Then, those that are behind them maun
+    "Gie shot, baith grit and sma';
+  "And so, between your armies twa,
+    "Ye may make them to fa'."
+
+  "O were ye ever a soldier?"
+    Sir David Lesly said;
+  "O yes; I was at Solway flow,
+    "Where we were all betray'd.
+
+  "Again I was at curst Dunbar,
+    "And was a pris'ner ta'en;
+  "And many weary night and day,
+    "In prison I hae lien."
+
+  "If ye will lead these men aright,
+    "Rewarded shall ye be;
+  "But, if that ye a traitor prove,
+    "I'll hang thee on a tree."
+
+  "Sir, I will not a traitor prove;
+    "Montrose has plundered me;
+  "I'll do my best to banish him
+    "Away frae this country."
+
+  He halv'd his men in equal parts,
+    His purpose to fulfill;
+  The one part kept the water side,
+    The other gaed round the hill.
+
+  The nether party fired brisk,
+    Then turn'd and seem'd to rin;
+  And then they a' came frae the trench,
+    And cry'd, "the day's our ain!"
+
+  The rest then ran into the trench,
+    And loos'd their cannons a':
+  And thus, between his armies twa,
+    He made them fast to fa'.
+
+  Now, let us a' for Lesly pray,
+    And his brave company!
+  For they hae vanquish'd great Montrose,
+    Our cruel enemy.
+
+[Footnote A: Various reading; "That we should take a dram."]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF PHILIPHAUGH.
+
+
+_When they came to the Shaw burn._--P. 27. v. 1. A small stream, that
+joins the Ettrick, near Selkirk, on the south side of the river.
+
+_When they came to the Lingly burn._--P. 27. v. 2. A brook, which falls
+into the Ettrick, from the north, a little above the Shaw burn.
+
+_They spy'd an aged father._--P. 27. v. 2. The traditional commentary
+upon the ballad states this man's name to have been Brydone, ancestor to
+several families in the parish of Ettrick, particularly those occupying
+the farms of Midgehope and Redford Green. It is a strange anachronism,
+to make this aged father state himself at the battle of _Solway flow,_
+which was fought a hundred years before Philiphaugh; and a still
+stranger, to mention that of Dunbar, which did not take place till five
+years after Montrose's defeat.
+
+A tradition, annexed to a copy of this ballad, transmitted to me by Mr
+James Hogg, bears, that the earl of Traquair, on the day of the battle,
+was advancing with a large sum of money, for the payment of Montrose's
+forces, attended by a blacksmith, one of his retainers. As they crossed
+Minch-moor, they were alarmed by firing, which the earl conceived to
+be Montrose exercising his forces, but which his attendant, from the
+constancy and irregularity of the noise, affirmed to be the tumult of an
+engagement. As they came below Broadmeadows, upon Yarrow, they met their
+fugitive friends, hotly pursued by the parliamentary troopers. The earl,
+of course, turned, and fled also: but his horse, jaded with the weight
+of dollars which he carried, refused to take the hill; so that the earl
+was fain to exchange with his attendant, leaving him with the breathless
+horse, and bag of silver, to shift for himself; which he is supposed
+to have done very effectually. Some of the dragoons, attracted by the
+appearance of the horse and trappings, gave chase to the smith, who
+fled up the Yarrow; but finding himself as he said, encumbered with the
+treasure, and unwilling that it should be taken, he flung it into a
+well, or pond, near the Tinnies, above Hangingshaw. Many wells were
+afterwards searched in vain; but it is the general belief, that the
+smith, if he ever hid the money, knew too well how to anticipate the
+scrutiny. There is, however, a pond, which some peasants began to drain,
+not long ago, in hopes of finding the golden prize, but were prevented,
+as they pretended, by supernatural interference.
+
+
+
+THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+The preceding ballad was a song of triumph over the defeat of Montrose
+at Philiphaugh; the verses, which follow are a lamentation for his final
+discomfiture and cruel death. The present edition of _"The Gallant
+Grahams"_ is given from tradition, enlarged and corrected by an ancient
+printed edition, entitled, _"The Gallant Grahams of Scotland"_ to the
+tune of _"I will away, and I will not tarry,"_ of which Mr Ritson
+favoured the editor with an accurate copy.
+
+The conclusion of Montrose's melancholy history is too well known. The
+Scottish army, which sold king Charles I. to his parliament, had, we may
+charitably hope, no idea that they were bartering his blood; although
+they must have been aware, that they were consigning him to perpetual
+bondage.[A] At least the sentiments of the kingdom at large differed
+widely from those of the military merchants, and the danger of king
+Charles drew into England a well appointed Scottish army, under the
+command of the duke of Hamilton. But he met with Cromwell, and to meet
+with Cromwell was inevitable defeat. The death of Charles, and the
+triumph of the independents, excited still more highly the hatred and
+the fears of the Scottish nation. The outwitted presbyterians, who saw,
+too late, that their own hands had been employed in the hateful task
+of erecting the power of a sect, yet more fierce and fanatical than
+themselves, deputed a commission to the Hague, to treat with Charles
+II., whom, upon certain conditions they now wished to restore to the
+throne of his fathers. At the court of the exiled monarch, Montrose also
+offered to his acceptance a splendid plan of victory and conquest, and
+pressed for his permission to enter Scotland; and there, collecting the
+remains of the royalists to claim the crown for his master, with the
+sword in his hand. An able statesman might perhaps have reconciled these
+jarring projects; a good man would certainly have made a decided choice
+betwixt them. Charles was neither the one not the other; and, while he
+treated with the presbyterians, with a view of accepting the crown from
+their hands, he scrupled not to authorise Montrose, the mortal enemy of
+the sect, to pursue his separate and inconsistent plan of conquest.
+
+[Footnote A: As Salmasius quaintly, but truly, expresses it,
+_Presbyterian iligaverunt independantes trucidaverunt_.]
+
+Montrose arrived in the Orkneys with six hundred Germans, was furnished
+with some recruits from those islands, and was joined by several
+royalists, as he traversed the wilds of Caithness and Sutherland: but,
+advancing into Ross-shire, he was surprised, and totally defeated,
+by colonel Strachan, an officer of the Scottish parliament, who had
+distinguished himself in the civil wars, and who afterwards became a
+decided Cromwellian. Montrose, after a fruitless resistance, at length
+fled from the field of defeat, and concealed himself in the grounds of
+Macleod of Assint to whose fidelity he entrusted his life, and by whom
+he was delivered up to Lesly, his most bitter enemy.
+
+He was tried for what was termed treason against the estates of the
+kingdom; and, despite the commission of Charles for his proceedings, he
+was condemned to die by a parliament, who acknowledged Charles to be
+their king, and whom, on that account only, Montrose acknowledged to be
+a parliament.
+
+"The clergy," says a late animated historian, "whose vocation it was to
+persecute the repose of his last moments, sought, by the terrors of his
+sentence, to extort repentance; but his behaviour, firm and dignified to
+the end, repelled their insulting advances with scorn and disdain. He
+was prouder, he replied, to have his head affixed to the prison-walls,
+than to have his picture placed in the king's bed-chamber: 'and, far
+from being troubled that my limbs are to be sent to your principal
+cities, I wish I had flesh enough to be dispersed through Christendom,
+to attest my dying attachment to my king.' It was the calm employment of
+his mind, that night, to reduce this extravagant sentiment to verse.
+He appeared next day, on the scaffold, in a rich habit, with the same
+serene and undaunted countenance, and addressed the people, to vindicate
+his dying unabsolved by the church, rather than to justify an invasion
+of the kingdom, during a treaty with the estates. The insults of his
+enemies were not yet exhausted. The history of his exploits was attached
+to his neck by the public executioner: but he smiled at their inventive
+malice; declared, that he wore it with more pride than he had done the
+garter; and, when his devotions were finished, demanding if any more
+indignities remained to be practised, submitted calmly to an unmerited
+fate."--_Laing's History of Scotland,_ Vol. I. p. 404.
+
+Such was the death of James Graham, the great marquis of Montrose, over
+whom some lowly bard has poured forth the following elegiac verses. To
+say, that they are far unworthy of the subject, is no great reproach;
+for a nobler poet might have failed in the attempt. Indifferent as the
+ballad is, we may regret its being still more degraded by many apparent
+corruptions. There seems an attempt to trace Montrose's career, from his
+first raising the royal standard, to his second expedition and death;
+but it is interrupted and imperfect. From the concluding stanza, I
+presume the song was composed upon the arrival of Charles in Scotland,
+which so speedily followed the execution of Montrose, that the king
+entered the city while the head of his most faithful and most successful
+adherent was still blackening in the sun.
+
+
+
+THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+  Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale!
+    Baith kith and countrie I bid adieu;
+  For I maun away, and I may not stay,
+    To some uncouth land which I never knew.
+
+  To wear the blue I think it best,
+    Of all the colours that I see;
+  And I'll wear it for the gallant Grahams,
+    That are banished from their countrie.
+
+  I have no gold, I have no land,
+    I have no pearl, nor precious stane;
+  But I wald sell my silken snood,
+    To see the gallant Grahams come hame.
+
+  In Wallace days when they began,
+    Sir John the Graham did bear the gree,
+  Through all the lands of Scotland wide;
+    He was a lord of the south countrie.
+
+  And so was seen full many a time;
+    For the summer flowers did never spring,
+  But every Graham, in armour bright,
+    Would then appear before the king.
+
+  They all were dressed in armour sheen,
+    Upon the pleasant banks of Tay;
+  Before a king they might be seen,
+    These gallant Grahams in their array.
+
+  At the Goukhead our camp we set,
+    Our leaguer down there for to lay;
+  And, in the bonnie summer light,
+    We rode our white horse and our gray.
+
+  Our false commander sold our king
+    Unto his deadly enemie,
+  Who was the traitor Cromwell, then;
+    So I care not what they do with me.
+
+  They have betrayed our noble prince,
+    And banish'd him from his royal crown;
+  But the gallant Grahams have ta'en in hand,
+    For to command those traitors down.
+
+  In Glen-Prosen[A] we rendezvoused,
+    March'd to Glenshie by night and day,
+  And took the town of Aberdeen,
+    And met the Campbells in their array.
+
+  Five thousand men, in armour strong.
+    Did meet the gallant Grahams that day
+  At Inverlochie, where war began,
+    And scarce two thousand men were they.
+
+  Gallant Montrose, that chieftain bold,
+    Courageous in the best degree,
+  Did for the king fight well that day;
+    The lord preserve his majestie!
+
+  Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,
+    Did for king Charles wear the blue;
+  But the cavaliers they all were sold,
+    And brave Harthill, a cavalier too.
+
+  And Newton Gordon, burd-alone
+    And Dalgatie, both stout and keen,
+  And gallant Veitch upon the field,
+    A braver face was never seen.
+
+  Now, fare ye weel, sweet Ennerdale!
+    Countrie and kin I quit ye free;
+  Chear up your hearts, brave cavaliers,
+    For the Grahams are gone to high Germany.
+
+  Now brave Montrose he went to France,
+    And to Germany, to gather fame;
+  And bold Aboyne is to the sea,
+    Young Huntly is his noble name.
+
+  Montrose again, that chieftain bold,
+    Back unto Scotland fair he came,
+  For to redeem fair Scotland's land,
+    The pleasant, gallant, worthy Graham!
+
+  At the water of Carron he did begin,
+    And fought the battle to the end;
+  Where there were killed, for our noble king,
+    Two thousand of our Danish men.
+
+  Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,
+    By whom the king's banner was borne;
+  For a brave cavalier was he,
+    But now to glory he is gone.
+
+  Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith!
+    And, Lesly, ill death may thou die!
+  For ye have betrayed the gallant Grahams,
+    Who aye were true to majestic.
+
+  And the laird of Assint has seized Montrose,
+    And had him into Edinburgh town;
+  And frae his body taken the head,
+    And quartered him upon a trone.
+
+  And Huntly's gone the selfsame way,
+    And our noble king is also gone;
+  He suffered death for our nation,
+    Our mourning tears can ne'er be done.
+
+  But our brave young king is now come home,
+    King Charles the second in degree;
+  The Lord send peace into his time,
+    And God preserve his majestie!
+
+[Footnote A: Glen-Prosen, in Angus-shire.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE GALLANT GRAHAMS.
+
+
+_Now, fare thee weel, sweet Ennerdale._--P. 38. v. 1. A corruption of
+Endrickdale. The principal, and most ancient possessions of the Montrose
+family lie along the water of Endrick, in Dumbartonshire.
+
+_Sir John the Graham did bear the gree._--P. 39. v. 1. The faithful
+friend and adherent of the immortal Wallace, slain at the battle of
+Falkirk.
+
+_Who was the traitor Cromwell, then._--P. 39. v. 5. This extraordinary
+character, to whom, in crimes and in success our days only have produced
+a parallel, was no favourite in Scotland. There occurs the following
+invective against him, in a MS. in the Advocates' Library. The humour
+consists in the dialect of a Highlander, speaking English, and confusing
+_Cromwell_ with _Gramach,_ ugly:
+
+  Te commonwelt, tat Gramagh ting.
+  Gar brek hem's word, gar do hem's king;
+
+  Gar pay hem's sesse, or take hem's (geers)
+  We'l no de at, del come de leers;
+  We'l bide a file amang te crowes, (_i.e._ in the woods)
+  We'l scor te sword, and wiske to bowes;
+  And fen her nen-sel se te re, (the king)
+  Te del my care for _Gromaghee_.
+
+The following tradition, concerning Cromwell, is preserved by an
+uncommonly direct line of traditional evidence; being narrated (as I am
+informed) by the grandson of an eye-witness. When Cromwell, in 1650,
+entered Glasgow, he attended divine service in the High Church; but the
+presbyterian divine, who officiated, poured forth, with more zeal than
+prudence, the vial of his indignation upon the person, principles, and
+cause, of the independent general. One of Cromwell's officers rose,
+and whispered his commander; who seemed to give him a short and stern
+answer, and the sermon was concluded without interruption Among the
+crowd, who were assembled to gaze at the general, as he came out of the
+church, was a shoemaker, the son of one of James the sixth's Scottish
+footmen. This man had been born and bred in England, but, after his
+father's death, had settled in Glasgow. Cromwell eyed him among the
+crowd, and immediately called him by his name--the man fled; but, at
+Cromwell's command, one of his retinue followed him, and brought him
+to the general's lodgings. A number of the inhabitants remained at the
+door, waiting the end of this extraordinary scene. The shoemaker soon
+came out, in high spirits, and, shewing some gold, declared, he was
+going to drink Cromwell's health. Many attended him to hear the
+particulars of his interview; among others, the grandfather of the
+narrator. The shoemaker said, that he had been a playfellow of Cromwell
+when they were both boys, their parents residing in the same street;
+that he had fled, when the general first called to him, thinking he
+might owe him some ill-will, on account of his father being in the
+service of the royal family. He added, that Cromwell had been so very
+kind and familiar with him, that he ventured to ask him, what the
+officer had said to him in the church. "He proposed," said Cromwell, "to
+pull forth the "minister by the ears; and I answered, that the preacher
+was "one fool, and he another." In the course of the day, Cromwell held
+an interview with the minister, and contrived to satisfy his scruples so
+effectually, that the evening discourse, by the same man, was tuned to
+the praise and glory of the victor of Naseby.
+
+  _Nathaniel Gordon, stout and bold,
+    Did for King Charles wear the, blue._--P. 40. v. 5.
+
+This gentleman was of the ancient family of Gordon of Gight. He had
+served, as a soldier, upon the continent, and acquired great military
+skill. When his chief, the marquis of Huntly, took up arms in 1640,
+Nathaniel Gordon, then called Major Gordon, joined him, and was of
+essential service during that short insurrection. But, being checked
+for making prize of a Danish fishing buss, he left the service of the
+marquis, in some disgust. In 1644, he assisted at a sharp and dexterous
+_camisade_ (as it was then called), when the barons of Haddo, of Gight,
+of Drum, and other gentlemen, with only sixty men under their standard,
+galloped through the old town of Aberdeen, and, entering the burgh
+itself, about seven in the morning, made prisoners, and carried off,
+four of the covenanting magistrates and effected a safe retreat, though
+the town was then under the domination of the opposite party. After the
+death of the baron of Haddo, and the severe treatment of Sir George
+Gordon of Gight, his cousin-german, Major Nathaniel Gordon seems to have
+taken arms, in despair of finding mercy at the covenanters' hands. On
+the 24th of July, 1645, he came down, with a band of horsemen, upon the
+town of Elgin, while St James' fair was held, and pillaged the merchants
+of 14,000 merks of money and merchandize.[A] He seems to have joined
+Montrose, as soon as he raised the royal standard; and, as a bold and
+active partizan, rendered him great service. But, in November 1644,
+Gordon, now a colonel, suddenly deserted Montrose, aided the escape of
+Forbes of Craigievar, one of his prisoners, and reconciled himself to
+the kirk, by doing penance for adultery, and for the almost equally
+heinous crime of having scared Mr Andrew Cant,[B] the famous apostle of
+the covenant. This, however, seems to have been an artifice, to arrange
+a correspondence betwixt Montrose and Lord Gordon, a gallant young
+nobleman, representative of the Huntley family, and inheriting their
+loyal spirit, though hitherto engaged in the service of the covenant.
+Colonel Gordon was successful, and returned to the royal camp with his
+converted chief. Both followed zealously the fortunes of Montrose, until
+Lord Gordon fell in the battle of Alford, and Nathaniel Gordon was taken
+at Philiphaugh. He was one of ten loyalists, devoted upon that occasion,
+by the parliament, to expiate, with their blood, the crime of fidelity
+to their king. Nevertheless, the covenanted nobles would have probably
+been satisfied with the death of the gallant Rollock, sharer of
+Montrose's dangers and glory, of Ogilvy, a youth of eighteen, whose
+crime was the hereditary feud betwixt his family and Argyle, and of Sir
+Philip Nisbet, a cavalier of the ancient stamp, had not the pulpits
+resounded with the cry, that God required the blood of the malignants,
+to expiate the sins of the people. "What meaneth," exclaimed the
+ministers, in the perverted language of scripture--"What meaneth, then,
+this bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen?" The
+appeal to the judgment of Samuel was decisive, and the shambles were
+instantly opened. Nathaniel Gordon was brought first to execution. He
+lamented the sins of his youth, once more (and probably with greater
+sincerity) requested absolution from the sentence of excommunication
+pronounced on account of adultery, and was beheaded 6th January 1646.
+
+[Footnote A: Spalding, Vol. II. pp. 151, 154, 169, 181, 221. _History of
+the Family of Gordon,_ Edin. 1727, Vol. II. p. 299.]
+
+[Footnote B: He had sent him a letter, which nigh frightened him out of
+his wits.--SPALDING, Vol. II. p. 231.]
+
+  _And brave Harthill, a cavalier too._--P. 40, v. 5.
+
+Leith, of Harthill, was a determined loyalist, and hated the
+covenanters, not without reason. His father, a haughty high-spirited
+baron, and chief of a clan, happened, in 1639, to sit down in the desk
+of provost Lesly, in the high kirk of Aberdeen He was disgracefully
+thrust out by the officers, and, using some threatening language to the
+provost, was imprisoned, like a felon, for many months, till he became
+furious, and nearly mad. Having got free of the shackles, with which he
+was loaded, he used his liberty by coming to the tolbooth window where
+he uttered the most violent and horrible threats against Provost Lesly,
+and the other covenanting magistrates, by whom he had been so severely
+treated. Under pretence of this new offence, he was sent to Edinburgh,
+and lay long in prison there; for, so fierce was his temper, that no one
+would give surety for his keeping the peace with his enemies, if set at
+liberty. At length he was delivered by Montrose, when he made himself
+master of Edinburgh.--SPALDING, Vol. I. pp. 201; 266. His house of
+Harthill was dismantled, and miserably pillaged by Forbes of
+Craigievar, who expelled his wife and children with the most relentless
+inhumanity.--_Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 225. Meanwhile, young Harthill was the
+companion and associate of Nathaniel Gordon, whom he accompanied at
+plundering the fair of Elgin, and at most of Montrose's engagements. He
+retaliated severely on the covenanters, by ravaging and burning their
+lands. _Ibid._ Vol. II. p. 301. His fate has escaped my notice.
+
+  _And Dalgatie, both stout and keen._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+Sir Francis Hay, of Dalgatie, a steady cavalier, and a gentleman of
+great gallantry and accomplishment. He was a faithful follower of
+Montrose, and was taken prisoner with him at his last fatal battle. He
+was condemned to death, with his illustrious general. Being a Roman
+catholic, he refused the assistance of the presbyterian clergy, and was
+not permitted, even on the scaffold, to receive ghostly comfort, in the
+only form in which his religion taught him to consider it as effectual.
+He kissed the axe, avowed his fidelity to his sovereign, and died like a
+soldier.--_Montrose's Memoirs,_ p. 322.
+
+  _And Newton Gordon, burd-alone._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+Newton, for obvious reasons, was a common appellation of an estate, or
+barony, where a new edifice had been erected. Hence, for distinction's
+sake, it was anciently compounded with the name of the proprietor;
+as, Newtown-Edmonstone, Newtown-Don, Newtown-Gordon, &c. Of Gordon
+of Newtown, I only observe, that he was, like all his clan, a steady
+loyalist, and a follower of Montrose.
+
+  _And gallant Veitch, upon the field._--P. 41. v. 1.
+
+I presume this gentleman to have been David Veitch, brother to Veitch of
+Dawick, who, with many other of the Peebles-shire gentry, was taken
+at Philiphaugh. The following curious accident took place, some years
+afterwards, in consequence of his loyal zeal.
+
+"In the year 1653, when the loyal party did arise in arms against the
+English, in the North and West Highlands, some noblemen and loyal
+gentlemen, with others, were forward to repair to them, with such forces
+as they could make; which the English, with marvelouse diligence, night
+and day, did bestir themselves to impede; making their troops of horse
+and dragoons to pursue the loyal party in all places, that they might
+not come to such a considerable number as was designed. It happened, one
+night, that one Captain Masoun, commander of a troop of dragoons, that
+came from Carlisle, in England, marching through the town of Sanquhar,
+in the night, was encountered by one captain Palmer, commanding a troop
+of horse, that came from Ayr, marching eastward; and, meeting at the
+tollhouse, or tolbooth, one David Veitch, brother to the laird of
+Dawick, in Tweeddale, and one of the loyal party, being prisoner in
+irons by the English, did arise, and came to the window at their
+meeting, and cryed out, that they should _fight valiantly for King
+Charles_, Where-through, they, taking each other for the loyal party,
+did begin a brisk fight, which continued for a while, til the dragoons,
+having spent their shot, and finding the horsemen to be too strong for
+them, did give ground; but yet retired, in some order, towards the
+castle of Sanquhar, being hotly pursued by the troop, through the whole
+town, above a quarter of a mile, till they came to the castle; where
+both parties did, to their mutual grief, become sensible of their
+mistake. In this skirmish there were several killed on both sides, and
+Captain Palmer himself dangerously wounded, with many mo wounded in each
+troop, who did peaceably dwell together afterward for a time, untill
+their wounds were cured, in Sanquhar castle."--_Account of Presbytery of
+Penpont, in Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+  _And bold Aboyne is to the sea,
+    Young Huntly is his noble name._--P. 41. v. 3.
+
+James, earl of Aboyne, who fled to France, and there died heart-broken.
+It is said, his death was accelerated by the news of King Charles'
+execution. He became representative of the Gordon family, or _Young
+Huntly_, as the ballad expresses it, in consequence of the death of his
+elder brother, George, who fell in the battle of Alford.--_History of
+Gordon Family._
+
+  _Two thousand of our Danish men._--P. 41. v. 5.
+
+Montrose's foreign auxiliaries, who, by the way, did not exceed 600 in
+all.
+
+  _Gilbert Menzies, of high degree,
+    By whom the king's banner was borne._--P. 42. v. 1.
+
+Gilbert Menzies, younger of Pitfoddells, carried the royal banner in
+Montrose's last battle. It bore the headless corpse of Charles I., with
+this motto, _"Judge and revenge my cause, O Lord!"_ Menzies proved
+himself worthy of this noble trust, and, obstinately refusing quarter,
+died in defence of his charge. _Montrose's Memoirs_.
+
+  _Then woe to Strachan, and Hacket baith._--P. 42. v. 2.
+
+Sir Charles Hacket, an officer in the service of the estates.
+
+  _And Huntly's gone, the self-same way._--P. 42. v. 4.
+
+George Gordon, second marquis of Huntley, one of the very few nobles in
+Scotland, who had uniformly adhered to the king from the very beginning
+of the troubles, was beheaded by the sentence of the parliament of
+Scotland (so calling themselves), upon the 22d March, 1649, one month
+and twenty-two days after the martyrdom of his master. He has been much
+blamed for not cordially co-operating with Montrose; and Bishop Wishart,
+in the zeal of partiality for his hero, accuses Huntley of direct
+treachery. But he is a true believer, who seals, with his blood, his
+creed, religious or political; and there are many reasons, short of this
+foul charge, which may have dictated the backward conduct of Huntley
+towards Montrose. He could not forget, that, when he first stood out for
+the king, Montrose, then the soldier of the covenant, had actually made
+him prisoner: and we cannot suppose Huntley to have been so sensible of
+Montrose's superior military talents, as not to think himself, as equal
+in rank, superior in power, and more uniform in loyalty entitled to
+equally high marks of royal trust and favour. This much is certain, that
+the gallant clan of Gordon contributed greatly to Montrose's success;
+for the gentlemen of that name, with the brave and loyal Ogilvies,
+composed the principal part of his cavalry.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.
+
+
+We have observed the early antipathy, mutually entertained by the
+Scottish presbyterians and the house of Stuart It seems to have glowed
+in the breast even of the good-natured Charles II. He might have
+remembered, that, in 1551, the presbyterians had fought, bled, and
+ruined themselves in his cause. But he rather recollected their early
+faults than their late repentance; and even their services were combined
+with the recollection of the absurd and humiliating circumstances of
+personal degradation,[A] to which their pride and folly had subjected
+him, while they professed to espouse his cause. As a man of pleasure, he
+hated their stern and inflexible rigour, which stigmatised follies
+even more deeply than crimes; and he whispered to his confidents, that
+"presbytery was no religion for a gentleman." It is not, therefore,
+wonderful, that, in the first year of his restoration, he formally
+reestablished prelacy in Scotland; but it is surprising, that, with his
+father's example before his eyes, he should not have been satisfied
+to leave at freedom the consciences of those who could not reconcile
+themselves to the new system. The religious opinions of sectaries have a
+tendency like the water of some springs, to become soft and mild, when
+freely exposed to the open day. Who can recognise in the decent and
+industrious quakers, and ana-baptists the wild and ferocious tenets
+which distinguished their sects, while they were yet honoured with the
+distinction of the scourge and the pillory? Had the system of coercion
+against the presbyterians been continued until our day, Blair and
+Robertson would have preached in the wilderness, and only discovered
+their powers of eloquence and composition, by rolling along a deeper
+torrent of gloomy fanaticism.
+
+[Footnote A: Among other ridiculous occurrences, it is said, that some
+of Charles's gallantries were discovered by a prying neighbour. A wily
+old minister was deputed, by his brethren, to rebuke the king for this
+heinous scandal. Being introduced into the royal presence he limited
+his commission to a serious admonition, that, upon such occasions,
+his majesty should always shut the windows.--The king is said to have
+recompensed this unexpected lenity after the Restoration. He probably
+remembered the joke, though he might have forgotten the service.]
+
+The western counties distinguished themselves by their opposition to the
+prelatic system. Three hundred and fifty ministers, ejected from their
+churches and livings, wandered through the mountains, sowing the seeds
+of covenanted doctrine, while multitudes of fanatical followers pursued
+them, to reap the forbidden crop. These conventicles as they were
+called, were denounced by the law, and their frequenters dispersed by
+military force. The genius of the persecuted became stubborn, obstinate,
+and ferocious; and, although indulgencies were tardily granted to some
+presbyterian ministers, few of the true covenanters or whigs, as they
+were called, would condescend to compound with a prelatic government, or
+to listen even to their own favourite doctrine under the auspices of the
+king. From Richard Cameron, their apostle, this rigid sect acquired the
+name of Cameronians. They preached and prayed against the indulgence,
+and against the presbyterians who availed themselves of it, because
+their accepting this royal boon was a tacit acknowledgment of the king's
+supremacy in ecclesiastical matters. Upon these bigotted and persecuted
+fanatics, and by no means upon the presbyterians at large, are to
+be charged the wild anarchical principles of anti-monarchy and
+assassination which polluted the period when they flourished.
+
+The insurrection, commemorated and magnified in the following ballad, as
+indeed it has been in some histories, was, in itself, no very important
+affair. It began in Dumfries-shire where Sir James Turner, a soldier
+of fortune, was employed to levy the arbitrary fines imposed for not
+attending the episcopal churches. The people rose, seized his person,
+disarmed his soldiers, and having continued together, resolved to march
+towards Edinburgh, expecting to be joined by their friends in that
+quarter. In this they were disappointed; and, being now diminished to
+half their numbers, they drew up on the Pentland Hills, at a place
+called Rullien Green. They were commanded by one Wallace; and here they
+awaited the approach of General Dalziel, of Binns; who, having marched
+to Calder, to meet them on the Lanark road, and finding, that, by
+passing through Collington, they had got to the other side of the hills,
+cut through the mountains, and approached them. Wallace shewed both
+spirit and judgment: he drew his men up in a very strong situation, and
+withstood two charges of Dalziel's cavalry; but, upon the third shock,
+the insurgents were broken, and utterly dispersed. There was very little
+slaughter, as the cavalry of Dalziel were chiefly gentlemen, who pitied
+their oppressed and misguided countrymen. There were about fifty killed,
+and as many made prisoners. The battle was fought on the 28th November,
+1666; a day still observed by the scattered remnant of the Cameronian
+sect, who regularly hear a field-preaching upon the field of battle.
+
+I am obliged for a copy of the ballad to Mr Livingston of Airds, who
+took it down from the recitation of an old woman residing on his estate.
+
+The gallant Grahams, mentioned in the text, are Graham of Claverhouse's
+horse.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF PENTLAND HILLS.
+
+
+_This Ballad is copied verbatim from the Old Woman's recitation._
+
+
+  The gallant Grahams cum from the west,
+  Wi' their horses black as ony craw;
+  The Lothian lads they marched fast,
+  To be at the Rhyns o' Gallowa.
+
+  Betwixt Dumfries town and Argyle,
+  The lads they marched mony a mile;
+  Souters and taylors unto them drew,
+  Their covenants for to renew.
+
+  The whigs, they, wi' their merry cracks,
+  Gard the poor pedlars lay down their packs;
+  But aye sinsyne they do repent
+  The renewing o' their covenant.
+
+  A the Mauchline muir, where they were reviewed,
+  Ten thousand men in armour shewed;
+  But, ere they cam to the Brockie's burn,
+  The half o' them did back return.
+
+  General Dalyell, as I hear tell,
+  Was our lieutenant general;
+  And captain Welsh, wi' his wit and skill,
+  Was to guide them on to the Pentland hill.
+
+  General Dalyell held to the hill,
+  Asking at them what was their will;
+  And who gave them this protestation,
+  To rise in arms against the nation?
+
+  "Although we all in armour be,
+  It's not against his majesty;
+  Nor yet to spill our neighbour's bluid,
+  But wi' the country we'll conclude."
+
+  "Lay down your arms, in the king's name,
+  And ye shall all gae safely hame;"
+  But they a' cried out, wi' ae consent,
+  "We'll fight a broken covenant."
+
+  "O well," says he, "since it is so,
+  A willfu' man never wanted woe;"
+  He then gave a sign unto his lads,
+  And they drew up in their brigades.
+
+  The trumpets blew, and the colours flew,
+  And every man to his armour drew;
+  The whigs were never so much aghast,
+  As to see their saddles toom sae fast.
+
+  The cleverest men stood in the van,
+  The whigs they took their heels and ran;
+  But such a raking was never seen,
+  As the raking o' the Rullien Green.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.
+
+
+The whigs, now become desperate, adopted the most desperate principles;
+and retaliating, as far as they could, the intolerating persecution
+which they endured, they openly disclaimed allegiance to any monarch
+who should not profess presbytery, and subscribe the covenant.--These
+principles were not likely to conciliate the favour of government; and
+as we wade onward in the history of the times, the scenes become yet
+darker. At length, one would imagine the parties had agreed to divide
+the kingdom of vice betwixt them; the hunters assuming to themselves
+open profligacy and legalized oppression; and the hunted, the opposite
+attributes of hypocrisy, fanaticism, disloyalty, and midnight
+assassination. The troopers and cavaliers became enthusiasts in the
+pursuit of the covenanters If Messrs Kid, King, Cameron, Peden, &c.
+boasted of prophetic powers, and were often warned of the approach of
+the soldiers, by supernatural impulse,[A] captain John Creichton, on
+the other side, dreamed dreams, and saw visions (chiefly, indeed, after
+having drunk hard), in which the lurking holes of the rebels were
+discovered to his imagination.[B] Our ears are scarcely more shocked
+with the profane execrations of the persecutors,[C] than with the
+strange and insolent familiarity used towards the Deity by the
+persecuted fanatics. Their indecent modes of prayer, their extravagant
+expectations of miraculous assistance, and their supposed inspirations,
+might easily furnish out a tale, at which the good would sigh, and the
+gay would laugh.
+
+[Footnote A: In the year 1684, Peden, one of the Cameronian preachers,
+about ten o'clock at night, sitting at the fire-side, started up to his
+feet, and said, "Flee, auld Sandie (thus he designed himself), and hide
+yourself! for colonel----is coming to this house to apprehend you; and
+I advise you all to do the like, for he will be here within an hour;"
+which came to pass: and when they had made a very narrow search, within
+and without the house, and went round the thorn-bush, under which he was
+lying praying, they went off without their prey. He came in, and said,
+"And has this gentleman (designed by his name) given poor Sandie, and
+thir poor things, such a fright? For this night's work, God shall give
+him such a blow, within a few days, that all the physicians on earth
+shall not be able to cure;" which came to pass, for he died in great
+misery.--_Life of Alexander Peden._]
+
+[Footnote B: See the life of this booted apostle of prelacy, written by
+Swift, who had collected all his anecdotes of persecution, and appears
+to have enjoyed them accordingly.]
+
+[Footnote C: "They raved," says Peden's historian, "like fleshly devils,
+when the mist shrouded from their pursuit the wandering whigs." One
+gentleman closed a declaration of vengeance against the conventiclers
+with this strange imprecation, "Or may the devil make my ribs a gridiron
+to my soul!"--MS. _Account of the Presbytery of Penpont._ Our armies
+swore terribly in Flanders, but nothing to this!]
+
+In truth, extremes always approach each other; and the superstition of
+the Roman catholics was, in some degree, revived, even by their most
+deadly enemies. They are ridiculed by the cavaliers, as wearing the
+relics of their saints by way of amulet:--
+
+  "She shewed to me a box, wherein lay hid
+  The pictures of Cargil and Mr Kid;
+  A splinter of the tree, on which they were slain;
+  A double inch of Major Weir's best cane;
+  Rathillet's sword, beat down to table-knife,
+  Which took at Magus' Muir a bishop's life;
+  The worthy Welch's spectacles, who saw,
+  That windle-straws would fight against the law;
+  They, windle-straws, were stoutest of the two,
+  They kept their ground, away the prophet flew;
+  And lists of all the prophets' names were seen
+  At Pentland Hills, Aird-Moss, and Rullen Green.
+    "Don't think," she says, "these holy things are foppery;
+  They're precious antidotes against the power of popery."
+      _The Cameronian Tooth.--Pennycuick's Poems,_ p. 110.
+
+The militia and standing army soon became unequal to the task of
+enforcing conformity, and suppressing conventicles In, their aid, and to
+force compliance with a test proposed by government, the Highland
+clans were raised, and poured down into Ayrshire.[A] An armed host
+of undisciplined mountaineers, speaking a different language, and
+professing, many of them, another religion, were let loose, to ravage
+and plunder this unfortunate country; and it is truly astonishing to
+find how few acts of cruelty they perpetrated, and how seldom they added
+murder to pillage[B] Additional levies of horse were also raised, under
+the name of Independent Troops, and great part of them placed under the
+command of James Grahame of Claverhouse a man well known to fame, by
+his subsequent title of viscount Dundee, but better remembered, in the
+western shires, under the designation of the bloody Clavers. In truth,
+he appears to have combined the virtues and vices of a savage chief.
+Fierce, unbending, and rigorous, no emotion of compassion prevented his
+commanding, and witnessing, every detail of military execution against
+the non-conformists. Undauntedly brave, and steadily faithful to his
+prince, he sacrificed himself in the cause of James, when he was
+deserted by all the world. If we add, to these attributes, a goodly
+person, complete skill in martial exercises, and that ready and decisive
+character, so essential to a commander, we may form some idea of this
+extraordinary character. The whigs, whom he persecuted daunted by his
+ferocity and courage, conceived him to be impassive to their bullets,[C]
+and that he had sold himself, for temporal greatness, to the
+seducer of mankind. It is still believed, that a cup of wine,
+presented to him by his butler, changed into clotted blood; and
+that, when he plunged his feet into cold water, their touch
+caused it to boil. The steed, which bore him, was supposed
+to be the gift of Satan; and precipices are shewn, where a fox could
+hardly keep his feet, down which the infernal charger conveyed him
+safely, in pursuit of the wanderers. It is remembered, with terror, that
+Claverhouse was successful in every engagement with the whigs, except
+that at Drumclog, or Loudon-hill, which is the subject of the following
+ballad. The history of Burly, the hero of the piece, will bring us
+immediately to the causes and circumstances of that event.
+
+[Footnote A: Peden complained heavily, that, after a heavy struggle with
+the devil, he had got above him, _spur-galled_ him hard, and obtained a
+wind to carry him from Ireland to Scotland, when, behold! another person
+had set sail, and reaped the advantage of his _prayer-wind,_ before he
+could embark.]
+
+[Footnote B: Cleland thus describes this extraordinary army:
+
+  --Those, who were their chief commanders,
+  As sach who bore the pirnie standarts.
+  Who led the van, and drove the rear,
+  Were right well mounted of their gear;
+  With brogues, and trews, and pirnie plaids,
+  With good blue bonnets on their heads,
+  Which, oil the one side, had a flipe,
+  Adorn'd with a tobacco pipe,
+  With durk, and snap-work, and snuff-mill,
+  A bag which they with onions fill;
+  And, as their strict observers say,
+  A tup-born filled with usquebay;
+  A slasht out coat beneath her plaides,
+  A targe of timber, nails, and hides;
+  With a long two-handed sword,
+  As good's the country can afford.
+  Had they not need of bulk-and bones.
+  Who fought with all these arms at once?
+
+         *       *       *       *
+
+  Of moral honestie they're clean,
+  Nought like religion they retain;
+  In nothing they're accounted sharp,
+  Except in bag-pipe, and in harp;
+  For a misobliging word,
+  She'll durk her neighbour o'er the boord,
+  And then she'll flee like fire from flint,
+  She'll scarcely ward the second dint;
+  If any ask her of her thrift.
+  Forsooth her nainsell lives by thift.
+    _Cleland's Poems,_ Edin. 1697, p. 12.
+]
+
+[Footnote C: It was, and is believed, that the devil furnished his
+favourites, among the persecutors, with what is called _proof_
+against leaden bullets, but against those only. During the battle of
+Pentland-hills Paton of Meadowhead conceived he saw the balls hop
+harmlessly down from General Dalziel's boots, and, to counteract the
+spell, loaded his pistol with a piece of silver coin. But Dalziel,
+having his eye on him, drew back behind his servant, who was shot
+dead.--_Paton's Life._ At a skirmish, in Ayrshire, some of the wanderers
+defended themselves in a sequestered house, by the side of a lake. They
+aimed repeatedly, but in vain, at the commander of the assailants, an
+English officer, until, their ammunition running short, one of them
+loaded his piece with the ball at the head of the tongs, and succeeded
+in shooting the hitherto impenetrable captain. To accommodate Dundee's
+fate to their own hypothesis, the Cameronian tradition runs, that, in
+the battle of Killicrankie, he fell, not by the enemy's fire, but by the
+pistol of one of his own servants, who, to avoid the spell, had loaded
+it with a silver button from his coat. One of their writers argues thus:
+"Perhaps, some may think this, anent proof-shot, a paradox, and be ready
+to object here, as formerly concerning Bishop Sharpe and Dalziel--How
+can the devil have, or give, power to save life? Without entering upon
+the thing in its reality, I shall only observe, 1. That it is neither
+in his power, or of his nature, to be a saviour of men's lives; he is
+called Apollyon, the destroyer. 2. That, even in this case, he is said
+only to give enchantment against one kind of metal, and this does not
+save life: for, though lead could not take Sharpe and Claverhouse's
+lives, yet steel and silver could do it; and, for Dalziel, though
+he died not on the field, yet he did not escape the arrows of the
+Almighty."--_God's Judgement against Persecutors._ If the reader be not
+now convinced of _the thing in its reality_, I have nothing to add to
+such exquisite reasoning.]
+
+John Balfour of Kinloch, commonly called Burly, was one of the fiercest
+of the proscribed sect. A gentleman by birth, he was, says his
+biographer, "zealous and honest-hearted, courageous in every enterprise,
+and a brave soldier, seldom any escaping that came in his hands." _Life
+of John Balfour._ Creichton says, that he was once chamberlain to
+Archbishop Sharpe, and, by negligence, or dishonesty, had incurred
+a large arrear, which occasioned his being active in his master's
+assassination. But of this I know no other evidence than Creichton's
+assertion, and a hint in Wodrow. Burly, for that is his most common
+designation, was brother-in-law to Hackston of Rathillet a wild
+enthusiastic character, who joined daring courage, and skill in the
+sword, to the fiery zeal of his sect. Burly, himself, was less eminent
+for religious fervour than for the active and violent share which he had
+in the most desperate enterprises of his party. His name does not appear
+among the covenanters, who were denounced for the affair of Pentland.
+But, in 1677, Robert Hamilton, afterwards commander of the insurgents at
+Loudon Hill, and Bothwell Bridge, with several other non-conformists,
+were assembled at this Burly's house, in Fife. There they were attacked
+by a party of soldiers, commanded by Captain Carstairs, whom they beat
+off, wounding desperately one of his party. For this resistance to
+authority, they were declared rebels. The next exploit, in which Burly
+was engaged, was of a bloodier complexion, and more dreadful celebrity.
+It is well known, that James Sharpe, archbishop of St Andrews, was
+regarded, by the rigid presbyterians, not only as a renegade, who had
+turned back from the spiritual plough, but as the principal author of
+the rigours exercised against their sect. He employed, as an agent of
+his oppression, one Carmichael, a decayed gentleman. The industry
+of this man, in procuring information, and in enforcing the severe
+penalties against conventiclers, having excited the resentment of
+the Cameronians, nine of their number, of whom Burly, and his
+brother-in-law, Hackston, were the leaders, assembled, with the purpose
+of way-laying and murdering Carmichael; but, while they searched for him
+in vain, they received tidings that the archbishop himself was at hand.
+The party resorted to prayer; after which, they agreed, unanimously,
+that the Lord had delivered the wicked Haman into their hand. In the
+execution of the supposed will of heaven, they agreed to put themselves
+under the command of a leader; and they requested Hackston of Rathillet
+to accept the office, which he declined alleging, that, should he comply
+with their request, the slaughter might be imputed to a private quarrel,
+which existed betwixt him and the archbishop. The command was then
+offered to Burly, who accepted it without scruple; and they galloped off
+in pursuit of the archbishop's carriage, which contained himself and
+his daughter. Being well mounted, they easily overtook and disarmed the
+prelate's attendants. Burly, crying out, "Judas, be taken!" rode up to
+the carriage, wounded the postillion and ham-strung one of the horses.
+He then fired into the coach a piece, charged with several bullets, so
+near, that the archbishop's gown was set on fire. The rest, coming up,
+dismounted, and dragged him out of the carriage, when, frightened and
+wounded, he crawled towards Hackston, who still remained on horseback,
+and begged for mercy. The stern enthusiast contented himself with
+answering, that he would not himself _lay a hand on him_. Burly and his
+men again fired a volley upon the kneeling old man; and were in the act
+of riding off, when one, who remained to girth his horse, unfortunately
+heard the daughter of their victim call to the servant for help,
+exclaiming, that his master was still alive. Burly then again
+dismounted, struck off the prelate's hat with his foot, and split his
+skull with his shable (broad sword), although one of the party (probably
+Rathillet) exclaimed, "_Spare these grey hairs_!"[A] The rest pierced
+him with repeated wounds. They plundered the carriage, and rode off,
+leaving, beside the mangled corpse, the daughter, who was herself
+wounded, in her pious endeavour to interpose betwixt her father and his
+murderers. The murder is accurately represented, in bas-relief, upon a
+beautiful monument erected to the memory of Archbishop Sharpe, in the
+metropolitan church of St Andrews. This memorable example of fanatic
+revenge was acted upon Magus Muir, near St Andrews, 3d May, 1679.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: They believed Sharpe to be proof against shot; for one of
+the murderers told Wodrow, that, at the sight of cold iron, his courage
+fell. They no longer doubted this, when they found in his pocket a small
+clue of silk, rolled round a bit of parchment, marked with two long
+words, in Hebrew or Chaldaic characters. Accordingly, it is still
+averred, that the balls only left blue marks on the prelate's neck and
+breast, although the discharge was so near as to burn his clothes.]
+
+[Footnote B: The question, whether the bishop of St Andrews' death was
+murder was a shibboleth, or _experimentum crucis_, frequently put to the
+apprehended conventiclers. Isabel Alison, executed at Edinburgh, 26th
+January, 1681, was interrogated, before the privy council, if she
+conversed with David Hackston? "I answered, I did converse with him, and
+I bless the Lord that ever I saw him; for I never saw ought in him but
+a godly pious youth. They asked, if the killing of the bishop of St
+Andrews was a pious act? I answered, I never heard him say he killed
+him; but, if God moved any, and put it upon them, to execute his
+righteous judgment upon him, I have nothing to say to that. They asked
+me, when saw ye John Balfour (Burly), that pious youth? I answered,
+I have seen him. They asked, when? I answered, these are frivolous
+questions; I am not bound to answer them." _Cloud of Witnesses_, p. 85.]
+
+Burly was, of course, obliged to leave Fife; and, upon the 25th of the
+same month, he arrived in Evandale, in Lanarkshire, along with Hackston,
+and a fellow, called Dingwall, or Daniel, one of the same bloody band.
+Here he joined his old friend Hamilton, already mentioned; and, as they
+resolved to take up arms, they were soon at the head of such a body of
+the "chased and tossed western men," as they thought equal to keep the
+field. They resolved to commence their exploits upon the 29th of May,
+1679, being the anniversary of the Restoration, appointed to be kept as
+a holiday, by act of parliament; an institution which they esteemed a
+presumptuous and unholy solemnity. Accordingly, at the head of eighty
+horse, tolerably appointed, Hamilton, Burly, and Hackston, entered the
+royal burgh of Rutherglen, extinguished the bonfires, made in honour
+of the day; burned at the cross the acts of parliament in favour of
+prelacy, and for suppression of conventicles, as well as those acts
+of council, which regulated the indulgence granted to presbyterians.
+Against all these acts they entered their solemn protest, or testimony,
+as they called it; and, having affixed it to the cross, concluded with
+prayer and psalms. Being now joined by a large body of foot, so that
+their strength seems to have amounted to five or six hundred men, though
+very indifferently armed, they encamped upon Loudoun Hill. Claverhouse,
+who was in garrison at Glasgow, instantly marched against the
+insurgents, at the head of his own troop of cavalry and others,
+amounting to about one hundred and fifty men. He arrived at Hamilton,
+on the 1st of June, so unexpectedly, as to make prisoner John King, a
+famous preacher among the wanderers; and rapidly continued his march,
+carrying his captive along with him, till he came to the village of
+Drumclog, about a mile east of Loudoun Hill, and twelve miles south-west
+of Hamilton. At some distance from this place, the insurgents were
+skilfully posted in a boggy strait, almost inaccessible to cavalry,
+having a broad ditch in their front. Claverhouse's dragoons discharged
+their carabines, and made an attempt to charge; but the nature of the
+ground threw them into total disorder. Burly, who commanded the handful
+of horse belonging to the whigs, instantly led them down on the
+disordered squadrons of Claverhouse, who were, at the same time,
+vigorously assaulted by the foot, headed by the gallant Cleland,[A] and
+the enthusiastic Hackston. Claverhouse himself was forced to fly, and
+was in the utmost danger of being taken; his horse's belly being cut
+open by the stroke of a scythe, so that the poor animal trailed his
+bowels for more than a mile. In his flight, he passed King, the
+minister, lately his prisoner, but now deserted by his guard, in the
+general confusion. The preacher hollowed to the flying commander, "to
+halt, and take his prisoner with him;" or, as others say, "to stay,
+and take the afternoon's preaching." Claverhouse, at length remounted,
+continued his retreat to Glasgow. He lost, in the skirmish, about twenty
+of his troopers, and his own cornet and kinsman, Robert Graham, whose
+fate is alluded to in the ballad. Only four of the other side were
+killed, among whom was Dingwall, or Daniel, an associate of Burly in
+Sharpe's murder. "The rebels," says Creichton, "finding the cornet's
+body, and supposing it to be that of Clavers, because the name of Graham
+was wrought in the shirt-neck, treated it with the utmost inhumanity;
+cutting off the nose, picking out the eyes, and stabbing it through in
+a hundred places." The same charge is brought by Guild, in his _Bellum
+Bothuellianum_, in which occurs the following account of the skirmish at
+Drumclog:--
+
+  Mons est occiduus surgit qui celsus in oris
+  (Nomine Loudunum) fossis puteisque profundis
+  Quot scatet hic tellus et aprico gramine tectus:
+  Huc collecta (ait) numeroso milite cincta;
+  Turba ferox, matres, pueri, innuptaeque puellae;
+  Quam parat egregia Graemus dispersere turma.
+  Venit, et primo campo discedere cogit;
+  Post hos et alios, caeno provolvit inerti;
+  At numerosa cohors, campum dispersa per omnem,
+  Circumfusa, ruit; turmasque indagine captas,
+  Aggreditur; virtus non hic, nec profuit ensis;
+  Corripuere fugam, viridi sed gramine tectis,
+  Precipitata perit, fossis, pars plurima, quorum
+  Cornipedes haesere luto, sessore rejecto:
+  Tum rabiosa cohors, misereri nescia, stratos
+  Invadit laceratque viros: hic signifer eheu!
+  Trajectus globulo, Graemus quo fortior alter,
+  Inter Scotigenas fuerat, nec justior ullus:
+  Hunc manibus rapuere feris, faciemque virilem
+  Faedarunt, lingua, auriculus, manibusque resectis,
+  Aspera, diffuso, spargentes saxa, cerebro:
+  Vix dux ipse fuga salvus, namque exta trahebat
+  Vulnere tardatus, sonipes generosus hiante:
+  Insequitur clamore, cohors fanatica, namque
+  Crudelis semper timidus si vicerit unquam.
+      _MS. Bellum Bothuellianum._
+
+[Footnote A: William Cleland, a man of considerable genius, was author
+of several poems, published in 1697. His Hudibrastic verses are poor
+scurrilous trash, as the reader may judge from the description of the
+Highlanders, already quoted. But, in a wild rhapsody, entitled, "Hollo,
+my Fancy," he displays some imagination. His anti-monarchical principles
+seem to break out in the following lines:--
+
+  Fain would I know (if beasts have any reason)
+  _If falcons killing eagles do commit a treason?_
+
+He was a strict non-conformist, and, after the Revolution, became
+lieutenant colonel of the earl of Angus's regiment, called the
+Cameronian regiment. He was killed 21st August, 1689, in the churchyard
+of Dunkeld, which his corps manfully and successfully defended against
+a superior body of Highlanders. His son was the author of the letter
+prefixed to the Dunciad, and is said to have been the notorious Cleland,
+who, in circumstances of pecuniary embarrassment, prostituted his
+talents to the composition of indecent and infamous works; but this
+seems inconsistent with dates, and the latter personage was probably the
+grandson of Colonel Cleland.]
+
+Although Burly was among the most active leaders in the action, he was
+not the commander in chief, as one would conceive from the ballad. That
+honour belonged to Robert Hamilton, brother to Sir William Hamilton of
+Preston, a gentleman, who, like most of those at Drumclog, had imbibed
+the very wildest principles of fanaticism. The Cameronian account of
+the insurrection states, that "Mr Hamilton discovered a great deal of
+bravery and valour, both in the conflict with, and pursuit of the enemy;
+but when he and some others were pursuing the enemy, others flew too
+greedily upon the spoil, small as it was, instead of pursuing the
+victory: and some, without Mr Hamilton's knowledge, and against his
+strict command, gave five of these bloody enemies quarters, and then let
+them go: this greatly grieved Mr Hamilton, when he saw some of Babel's
+brats spared, after the Lord had delivered them to their hands, that
+they might dash them against the stones." _Psalm_ cxxxvii. 9. In his own
+account of this, "he reckons the sparing of these enemies, and letting
+them go, to be among their first stepping aside; for which, he feared
+that the Lord would not honour them to do much more for him; and says,
+that he was neither for taking favours from, nor giving favours to the
+Lord's enemies." Burly was not a likely man to fall into this sort of
+backsliding. He disarmed one of the duke of Hamilton's servants, who had
+been in the action, and desired him to tell his master, he would keep,
+till meeting, the pistols he had taken from him. The man described Burly
+to the duke as a little stout man, squint-eyed, and of a most ferocious
+aspect; from which it appears, that Burly's figure corresponded to his
+manners, and perhaps gave rise to his nickname, _Burly_ signifying
+_strong_. He was with the insurgents till the battle of Bothwell Bridge,
+and afterwards fled to Holland. He joined the prince of Orange, but died
+at sea, during the expedition. The Cameronians still believe, he
+had obtained liberty from the prince to be avenged of those who had
+persecuted the Lord's people; but through his death, the laudable design
+of purging the land with their blood, is supposed to have fallen to the
+ground.--_Life of Balfour of Kinloch._
+
+The consequences of the battle of Loudon Hill will be detailed in the
+introduction to the next ballad.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF LOUDONHILL.
+
+
+  You'l marvel when I tell ye o'
+   Our noble Burly, and his train;
+  When last he march'd up thro' the land,
+   Wi' sax and twenty westland men.
+
+  Than they I ne'er o' braver heard,
+   For they had a' baith wit and skill
+  They proved right well, as I heard tell,
+   As they cam up o'er Loudoun Hill.
+
+  Weel prosper a' the gospel lads,
+   That are into the west countrie;
+  Ay wicked Claver'se to demean,
+   And ay an ill dead may he die!
+
+  For he's drawn up i' battle rank,
+   An' that baith soon an' hastilie;
+  But they wha live till simmer come,
+   Some bludie days for this will see.
+
+  But up spak cruel Claver'se then,
+   Wi' hastie wit, an' wicked skill;
+  "Gie fire on yon westlan' men;
+   "I think it is my sov'reign's will."
+
+  But up bespake his cornet, then,
+   "It's be wi' nae consent o' me!
+  "I ken I'll ne'er come back again,
+   "An' mony mae as weel as me.
+
+  "There is not ane of a' yon men,
+   "But wha is worthy other three;
+  "There is na ane amang them a',
+   "That in his cause will stap to die.
+
+  "An' as for Burly, him I knaw;
+   "He's a man of honour, birth, an' fame;
+  "Gie him a sword into his hand,
+   "He'll fight thysel an' other ten."
+
+  But up spake wicked Claver'se then,
+   I wat his heart it raise fu' hie!
+  And he has cry'd that a' might hear,
+  "Man, ye hae sair deceived me.
+
+  "I never ken'd the like afore,
+   "Na, never since I came frae hame,
+  "That you sae cowardly here suld prove,
+   "An' yet come of a noble Graeme."
+
+  But up bespake his cornet, then,
+  "Since that it is your honour's will,
+   "Mysel shall be the foremost man,
+  "That shall gie fire on Loudoun Hill.
+
+  "At your command I'll lead them on,
+   "But yet wi' nae consent o' me;
+  "For weel I ken I'll ne'er return,
+   "And mony mae as weel as me."
+
+  Then up he drew in battle rank;
+   I wat he had a bonny train!
+  But the first time that bullets flew,
+   Ay he lost twenty o' his men.
+
+  Then back he came the way he gael,
+   I wat right soon an' suddenly!
+  He gave command amang his men,
+   And sent them back, and bade them flee.
+
+  Then up came Burly, bauld an' stout,
+   Wi's little train o' westland men;
+  Wha mair than either aince or twice
+   In Edinburgh confined had been.
+
+  They hae been up to London sent,
+   An' yet they're a' come safely down;
+  Sax troop o' horsemen they hae beat,
+   And chased them into Glasgow town.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+It has been often remarked, that the Scottish, notwithstanding their
+national courage, were always unsuccessful, when fighting for their
+religion. The cause lay, not in the principle, but in the mode of its
+application. A leader like Mahomet, who is, at the same time, the
+prophet of his tribe, may avail himself of religious enthusiasm, because
+it comes to the aid of discipline, and is a powerful means of attaining
+the despotic command, essential to the success of a general. But,
+among the insurgents, in the reigns of the last Stuarts, were mingled
+preachers, who taught different shades of the presbyterian doctrine;
+and, minute as these shades sometimes were, neither the several
+shepherds, nor their flocks, could cheerfully unite in a common cause.
+This will appear from the transactions leading to the battle of Bothwell
+Bridge.
+
+We have seen, that the party, which defeated Claverhouse at Loudoun
+Hill, were Cameronians, whose principles consisted in disowning all
+temporal authority, which did not flow from and through the Solemn
+League and Covenant. This doctrine, which is still retained by a
+scattered remnant of the sect in Scotland, is in theory, and would be in
+practice, inconsistent with the safety of any well regulated government,
+because the Covenanters deny to their governors that toleration, which
+was iniquitously refused to themselves. In many respects, therefore, we
+cannot be surprised at the anxiety and rigour with which the Cameronians
+were persecuted, although we may be of opinion, that milder means would
+have induced a melioration of their principles. These men, as already
+noticed, excepted against such presbyterians, as were contented to
+exercise their worship under the indulgence granted by government,
+or, in other words, who would have been satisfied with toleration for
+themselves, without insisting upon a revolution in the state, or even in
+the church government.
+
+When, however, the success at Loudoun Hill was spread abroad, a number
+of preachers, gentlemen, and common people, who had embraced the more
+moderate doctrine, joined the army of Hamilton, thinking, that the
+difference in their opinions ought not to prevent their acting in the
+common cause. The insurgents were repulsed in an attack upon the town
+of Glasgow, which, however, Claverhouse, shortly afterwards, thought it
+necessary to evacuate. They were now nearly in full possession of the
+west of Scotland, and pitched their camp at Hamilton, where, instead of
+modelling and disciplining their army, the Cameronians and Erastians
+(for so the violent insurgents chose to call the more moderate
+presbyterians) only debated, in council of war, the real cause of their
+being in arms. Hamilton, their general, was the leader of the first
+party; Mr John Walsh, a minister, headed the Erastians. The latter so
+far prevailed, as to get a declaration drawn up, in which they owned the
+king's government; but the publication of it gave rise to new quarrels.
+Each faction had its own set of leaders, all of whom aspired to be
+officers; and there were actually two councils of war issuing contrary
+orders and declarations at the same time; the one owning the king, and
+the other designing him a malignant, bloody, and perjured tyrant.
+
+Meanwhile, their numbers and zeal were magnified at Edinburgh, and great
+alarm excited lest they should march eastward. Not only was the foot
+militia instantly called out, but proclamations were issued, directing
+all the heritors, in the eastern, southern, and northern shires, to
+repair to the king's host, with their best horses, arms, and retainers.
+In Fife, and other countries, where the presbyterian doctrines
+prevailed, many gentlemen disobeyed this order, and were afterwards
+severely fined. Most of them alleged, in excuse, the apprehension of
+disquiet from their wives.[A] A respectable force was soon assembled;
+and James, duke of Buccleuch and Monmouth, was sent down, by Charles,
+to take the command, furnished with instructions, not unfavourable
+to presbyterians. The royal army now moved slowly forwards towards
+Hamilton, and reached Bothwell-moor on the 22d of June, 1679. The
+insurgents were encamped chiefly in the duke of Hamilton's park, along
+the Clyde, which separated the two armies. Bothwell-bridge, which is
+long and narrow, had then a portal in the middle, with gates, which the
+Covenanters shut, and barricadoed with stones and logs of timber. This
+important post was defended by three hundred of their best men, under
+Hackston of Rathillet, and Hall of Haughhead. Early in the morning, this
+party crossed the bridge, and skirmished with the royal van-guard,
+now advanced as far as the village of Bothwell. But Hackston speedily
+retired to his post, at the western end of Bothwell-bridge.
+
+[Footnote A: "Balcanquhall of that ilk alledged, that his horses were
+robbed, but shunned to take the declaration, for fear of disquiet from
+his wife. Young of Kirkton--his ladyes dangerous sickness, and bitter
+curses if he should leave her, and the appearance of abortion on his
+offering to go from her. And many others pled, in general terms, that
+their wives opposed or contradicted their going. But the justiciary
+court found this defence totally irrelevant."--Fountainhall's
+_Decisions_, Vol. I. p. 88.]
+
+While the dispositions, made by the duke of Monmouth, announced his
+purpose of assailing the pass, the more moderate of the insurgents
+resolved to offer terms. Ferguson of Kaithloch, a gentleman of landed
+fortune, and David Hume, a clergyman, carried to the duke of Monmouth
+a supplication, demanding free exercise of their religion, a free
+parliament, and a free general assembly of the church. The duke heard
+their demands with his natural mildness, and assured them, he would
+interpose with his majesty in their behalf, on condition of their
+immediately dispersing themselves, and yielding up their arms. Had the
+insurgents been all of the moderate opinion, this proposal would have
+been accepted, much bloodshed saved, and, perhaps, some permanent
+advantage derived to their party; or, had they been all Cameronians,
+their defence would have been fierce and desperate. But, while their
+motley and misassorted officers were debating upon the duke's proposal,
+his field-pieces were already planted on the eastern side of the
+river, to cover the attack of the foot guards, who were led on by Lord
+Livingstone to force the bridge. Here Hackston maintained his post with
+zeal and courage; nor was it until all his ammunition was expended, and
+every support denied him by the general, that he reluctantly abandoned
+the important pass.[A] When his party were drawn back, the duke's army,
+slowly, and with their cannon in front, defiled along the bridge,
+and formed in line of battle, as they came over the river; the duke
+commanded the foot, and Claverhouse the cavalry. It would seem, that
+these movements could not have been performed without at least some
+loss, had the enemy been serious in opposing them. But the insurgents
+were otherwise employed. With the strangest delusion, that ever fell
+upon devoted beings, they chose these precious moments to cashier their
+officers, and elect others in their room. In this important operation,
+they were at length disturbed by the duke's cannon, at the very first
+discharge of which, the horse of the Covenanters wheeled, and rode off,
+breaking and trampling down the ranks of their infantry in their flight.
+The Cameronian account blames Weir of Greenridge, a commander of the
+horse, who is termed a sad Achan in the camp. The more moderate party
+lay the whole blame on Hamilton, whose conduct, they say, left the world
+to debate, whether he was most traitor, coward, or fool. The generous
+Monmouth was anxious to spare the blood of his infatuated countrymen, by
+which he incurred much blame among the high-flying royalists. Lucky it
+was for the insurgents that the battle did not happen a day later, when
+old General Dalziel, who divided with Claverhouse the terror and hatred
+of the whigs, arrived in the camp, with a commission to supersede
+Monmouth, as commander in chief. He is said to have upbraided the
+duke, publicly, with his lenity, and heartily to have wished his own
+commission had come a day sooner, when, as he expresses himself, "These
+rogues should never more have troubled the king or country."[B] But,
+notwithstanding the merciful orders of the duke of Monmouth, the cavalry
+made great slaughter among the fugitives, of whom four hundred were
+slain. Guild thus expresses himself:
+
+  Ei ni Dux validus tenuisset forte catervas,
+  Vix quisquam profugus vitam servasset inertem:
+  Non audita Ducis verum mandata supremi
+  Omnibus, insequitur fugientes plurima turba,
+  Perque agros, passim, trepida formidine captos
+  Obtruncat, saevumque adigit per viscera ferrum.
+      _MS. Bellum Bothuellianum._
+
+[Footnote A: There is an accurate representation of this part of the
+engagement in an old painting, of which there are two copies extant;
+one in the collection of his grace the duke of Hamilton, the other at
+Dalkeith house. The whole appearance of the ground, even including a few
+old houses, is the same which the scene now presents: The removal of the
+porch, or gateway, upon the bridge, is the only perceptible difference.
+The duke of Monmouth, on a white charger, directs the march of the party
+engaged in storming the bridge, while his artillery gall the motley
+ranks of the Covenanters. An engraving of this painting would be
+acceptable to the curious; and I am satisfied an opportunity of copying
+it, for that purpose, would be readily granted by either of the noble
+proprietors.]
+
+[Footnote B: Dalziel was a man of savage manners. A prisoner having
+railed at him, while under examination before the privy council, calling
+him "a Muscovia beast, who used to roast men, the general, in a passion,
+struck him, with the pomel of his shabble, on the face, till the blood
+sprung."--FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 159. He had sworn never to shave his
+beard after the death of Charles the First. This venerable appendage
+reached his girdle, and, as he wore always an old-fashioned buff coat,
+his appearance in London never failed to attract the notice of the
+children and of the mob. King Charles II. used to swear at him, for
+bringing such a rabble of boys together, to be squeezed to death, while
+they gaped at his long beard and antique habit, and exhorted him to
+shave and dress like a Christian, to keep the poor _bairns_, as Dalziel
+expressed it, out of danger. In compliance with this request, he once
+appeared at court fashionably dressed, excepting the beard; but, when
+the king had laughed sufficiently at the metamorphosis, he
+resumed his old dress, to the great joy of the boys, his usual
+attendants.--CREICHTON'S _Memoirs_, p. 102.]
+
+The same deplorable circumstances are more elegantly bewailed in
+_Clyde_, a poem, reprinted in _Scotish Descriptive Poems_, edited by Dr
+John Leyden, Edinburgh, 1803:
+
+  "Where Bothwell's bridge connects the margins steep,
+  And Clyde, below, runs silent, strong, and deep,
+  The hardy peasant, by oppression driven
+  To battle, deemed his cause the cause of heaven:
+  Unskilled in arms, with useless courage stood,
+  While gentle Monmouth grieved to shed his blood:
+  But fierce Dundee, inflamed with deadly hate,
+  In vengeance for the great Montrose's fate,
+  Let loose the sword, and to the hero's shade
+  A barbarous hecatomb of victims paid."
+
+The object of Claverhouse's revenge, assigned by Wilson, is grander,
+though more remote and less natural, than that in the ballad, which
+imputes the severity of the pursuit to his thirst to revenge the death
+of his cornet and kinsman, at Drumclog;[A] and to the quarrel betwixt
+Claverhouse and Monmouth, it ascribes, with great _naivete_ the bloody
+fate of the latter. Local tradition is always apt to trace foreign
+events to the domestic causes, which are more immediately in the
+narrator's view. There is said to be another song upon this battle, once
+very popular, but I have not been able to recover it. This copy is given
+from recitation.
+
+[Footnote A: There is some reason to conjecture, that the revenge of the
+Cameronians, if successful, would have been little less sanguinary than
+that of the royalists. Creichton mentions, that they had erected, in
+their camp, a high pair of gallows, and prepared a quantity of halters,
+to hang such prisoners as might fall into their hands, and he admires
+the forbearance of the king's soldiers, who, when they returned with
+their prisoners, brought them to the very spot where the gallows stood,
+and guarded them there, without offering to hang a single individual.
+Guild, in the _Bellum Bothuellianum_, alludes to the same story, which
+is rendered probable by the character of Hamilton, the insurgent
+general. GUILD'S _MSS._--CREICHTON'S _Memoirs_, p. 61.]
+
+There were two Gordons of Earlstoun, father and son. They were descended
+of an ancient family in the west of Scotland, and their progenitors were
+believed to have been favourers of the reformed doctrine, and possessed
+of a translation of the Bible, as early as the days of Wickliffe.
+William Gordon, the father, was, in 1663, summoned before the privy
+council, for keeping conventicles in his house and woods. By another act
+of council, he was banished out of Scotland; but the sentence was never
+put into execution. In 1667, Earlstoun was turned out of his house,
+which was converted into a garrison for the king's soldiers. He was not
+in the battle of Bothwell Bridge, but was met, hastening towards it, by
+some English dragoons, engaged in the pursuit, already commenced. As
+he refused to surrender, he was instantly slain. WILSON'S _History
+of Bothwell Rising--Life of Gordon of Earlston, in Scottish
+Worthies_--WODROW'S _History,_ Vol. II. The son, Alexander Gordon
+of Earlstoun, I suppose to be the hero of the ballad. He was not a
+Cameronian, but of the more moderate class of presbyterians, whose sole
+object was freedom of conscience, and relief from the oppressive laws
+against non-conformists. He joined the insurgents, shortly after the
+skirmish at Loudoun-hill. He appears to have been active in forwarding
+the supplication sent to the duke of Monmouth. After the battle, he
+escaped discovery, by flying into a house at Hamilton, belonging to one
+of his tenants, and disguising himself in female attire. His person
+was proscribed, and his estate of Earlstoun was bestowed upon Colonel
+Theophilus Ogilthorpe, by the crown, first in security for L.5000,
+and afterwards in perpetuity.--FOUNTAINHALL, p. 390. The same author
+mentions a person tried at the circuit court, July 10, 1683, solely for
+holding intercourse with Earlstoun, an intercommuned (proscribed) rebel.
+As he had been in Holland after the battle of Bothwell, he was probably
+accessory to the scheme of invasion, which the unfortunate earl of
+Argyle was then meditating. He was apprehended upon his return to
+Scotland, tried, convicted of treason, and condemned to die; but his
+fate was postponed by a letter from the king, appointing him to be
+reprieved for a month, that he might, in the interim, be tortured for
+the discovery of his accomplices. The council had the unusual spirit
+to remonstrate against this illegal course of severity. On November
+3, 1653, he received a farther respite, in hopes he would make some
+discovery. When brought to the bar, to be tortured (for the king had
+reiterated his commands), he, through fear or distraction, roared like a
+bull, and laid so stoutly about him, that the hangman and his assistant
+could hardly master him. At last he fell into a swoon, and, on his
+recovery, charged General Dalziel and Drummond (violent tories),
+together with the duke of Hamilton, with being the leaders of the
+fanatics. It was generally thought, that he affected this extravagant
+behaviour, to invalidate all that agony might extort from him concerning
+his real accomplices. He was sent, first, to Edinburgh castle, and,
+afterwards, to a prison upon the Bass island; although the privy council
+more than once deliberated upon appointing his immediate death. On 22d
+August, 1684, Earlstoun was sent for from the Bass, and ordered for
+execution, 4th November, 1684. He endeavoured to prevent his doom by
+escape; but was discovered and taken, after he had gained the roof of
+the prison. The council deliberated, whether, in consideration of this
+attempt, he was not liable to instant execution. Finally, however, they
+were satisfied to imprison him in Blackness castle, where he remained
+till after the Revolution, when he was set at liberty, and his doom of
+forfeiture reversed by act of parliament.--See FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. pp.
+238, 240, 245, 250, 301, 302.
+
+
+
+THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+  "O Billie, billie, bonny billie,
+    "Will ye go to the wood wi' me?
+  "We'll ca' our horse hame masterless,
+    "An' gar them trow slain men are we."
+
+  "O no, O no!" says Earlstoun,
+    "For that's the thing that mauna be;
+  "For I am sworn to Bothwell Hill,
+    "Where I maun either gae or die."
+
+  So Earlstoun rose in the morning,
+    An' mounted by the break o' day;
+  An' he has joined our Scottish lads,
+    As they were marching out the way.
+
+  "Now, farewell father, and farewell mother,
+    "An' fare ye weel my sisters three;
+  "An' fare ye weel my Earlstoun,
+    "For thee again I'll never see!"
+
+  So they're awa' to Bothwell Hill,
+    An waly[A] they rode bonnily!
+  When the duke o' Monmouth saw them comin',
+    He went to view their company.
+
+  "Ye're welcome, lads," then Monmouth said,
+    "Ye're welcome, brave Scots lads, to me;
+  "And sae are ye, brave Earlstoun,
+    "The foremost o' your company!
+
+  "But yield your weapons ane an' a';
+    "O yield your weapons, lads, to me;
+  "For, gin ye'll yield your weapons up,
+    "Ye'se a' gae hame to your country."
+
+  Out up then spak a Lennox lad,
+    And waly but he spak bonnily!
+  "I winna yield my weapons up,
+    "To you nor nae man that I see."
+
+  Then he set up the flag o' red,
+    A' set about wi' bonny blue;
+  "Since ye'll no cease, and be at peace,
+    "See that ye stand by ither true."
+
+  They stell'd[B] their cannons on the height,
+    And showr'd their shot down in the how;[C]
+  An' beat our Scots lads even down,
+    Thick they lay slain on every know.[D]
+
+  As e'er you saw the rain down fa',
+    Or yet the arrow frae the bow,--
+  Sae our Scottish lads fell even down,
+    An' they lay slain on every know.
+
+  "O, hold your hand," then Monmouth cry'd,
+    "Gie quarters to yon men for me!"
+  But wicked Claver'se swore an oath,
+    His cornet's death reveng'd sud be.
+
+  "O hold your hand," then Monmouth cry'd,
+    "If ony thing you'll do for me;
+  "Hold up your hand, you cursed Graeme,
+    "Else a rebel to our king ye'll be."
+
+  Then wicked Claver'se turn'd about,
+    I wot an angry man was he;
+  And he has lifted up his hat,
+    And cry'd, "God bless his majesty!"
+
+  Then he's awa to London town,
+    Ay e'en as fast as he can dree;
+  Fause witnesses he has wi' him ta'en.
+    An' ta'en Monmouth's head f'rae his body.
+
+  Alang the brae, beyond the brig,
+    Mony brave man lies cauld and still;
+  But lang we'll mind, and sair we'll rue,
+    The bloody battle of Bothwell Hill.
+
+[Footnote A: _Waly!_ an interjection.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Stell'd_--Planted.]
+
+[Footnote C: _How_--Hollow.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Know_--Knoll.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE BATTLE OF BOTHWELL-BRIDGE.
+
+
+  _Then he set up the flag of red,
+    A' set about wi' bonnie blue._--P. 91. v. 1.
+
+Blue was the favourite colour of the Covenanters; hence the vulgar
+phrase of a true blue whig. Spalding informs us, that when the first
+army of Covenanters entered Aberdeen, few or none "wanted a blue
+ribband; the lord Gordon, and some others of the marquis (of Huntley's)
+family had a ribband, when they were dwelling in the town, of a red
+fresh colour, which they wore in their hats, and called it the _royal
+ribband_, as a sign of their love and loyalty to the king. In despite
+and derision thereof, this blue ribband was worn, and called the
+_Covenanter's ribband_, by the hail soldiers of the army, who would not
+hear of the royal ribband, such was their pride and malice."--Vol. I. p.
+123. After the departure of this first army, the town was occupied by
+the barons of the royal party, till they were once more expelled by the
+Covenanters, who plundered the burgh and country adjacent; "no fowl,
+cock, or hen, left unkilled, the hail house-dogs, messens (i.e.
+lap-dogs), and whelps, within Aberdeen, killed upon the streets; so that
+neither hound, messen, nor other dog, was left alive that they could
+see: the reason was this,--when the first army came here, ilk captain
+and soldier had a blue ribband about his craig (i.e. neck); in despite
+and derision whereof, when they removed from Aberdeen, some women of
+Aberdeen, as was alleged, knit blue ribbands about their messens'
+craigs, whereat their soldiers took offence, and killed all their dogs
+for this very cause."--P. 160.
+
+I have seen one of the ancient banners of the Covenanters: it
+was divided into four copartments, inscribed with the words,
+_Christ--Covenant--King--Kingdom_. Similar standards are mentioned in
+Spalding's curious and minute narrative, Vol. II. pp. 182, 245.
+
+  _Hold up your hand, ye cursed Graeme,
+    Else a rebel to our king ye'll be._--P, 91. v. 5.
+
+It is very extraordinary, that, in April, 1685, Claverhouse was left out
+of the new commission of privy council, as being too favourable to the
+fanatics. The pretence was his having married into the presbyterian
+family of lord Dundonald. An act of council was also past, regulating
+the payment of quarters, which is stated by Fountainhall to have been
+done in _odium_ of Claverhouse, and in order to excite complaints
+against him. This charge, so inconsistent with the nature and conduct of
+Claverhouse, seems to have been the fruit of a quarrel betwixt him and
+the lord high treasurer. FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 360.
+
+That Claverhouse was most unworthily accused of mitigating the
+persecution of the Covenanters, will appear from the following simple,
+but very affecting narrative, extracted from one of the little
+publications which appeared soon after the Revolution, while the
+facts were fresh in the memory of the sufferers. The imitation of the
+scriptural stile produces, in some passages of these works, an effect
+not unlike what we feel in reading the beautiful book of Ruth. It is
+taken from the life of Mr Alexander Peden,[A] printed about 1720.
+
+"In the beginning of May, 1685, he came to the house of John Brown and
+Marion Weir, whom he married before he went to Ireland, where he stayed
+all night; and, in the morning when he took farewell, he came out of the
+door, saying to himself, "Poor woman, a fearful morning," twice over. "A
+dark misty morning!" The next morning, between five and six hours, the
+said John Brown having performed the worship of God in his family, was
+going, with a spade in his hand, to make ready some peat ground: the
+mist being very dark, he knew not until cruel and bloody Claverhouse
+compassed him with three troops of horse, brought him to his house, and
+there examined him; who, though he was a man of a stammering speech, yet
+answered him distinctly and solidly; which made Claverhouse to examine
+those whom he had taken to be his guides through the muirs, if ever they
+heard him preach? They answered, "No, no, he was never a preacher." He
+said, "If he has never preached, meikle he has prayed in his time;" he
+said to John, "Go to your prayers, for you shall immediately die!" When
+he was praying, Claverhouse interrupted him three times; one time, that
+he stopt him, he was pleading that the Lord would spare a remnant, and
+not make a full end in the day of his anger. Claverhouse said, "I gave
+you time to pray, and ye are begun to preach;" he turned about upon
+his knees, and said, "Sir, you know neither the nature of preaching or
+praying, that calls this preaching." Then continued without confusion.
+When ended, Claverhouse said, "Take goodnight of your wife and
+children." His wife, standing by with her child in her arms that she had
+brought forth to him, and another child of his first wife's, he came
+to her, and said, "Now, Marion, the day is come, that I told you would
+come, when I spake first to you of marrying me." She said, "Indeed,
+John, I can willingly part with you."--"Then," he said, "this is all I
+desire, I have no more to do but die." He kissed his wife and bairns,
+and wished purchased and promised blessings to be multiplied upon them,
+and his blessing. Clavers ordered six soldiers to shoot him; the most
+part of the bullets came upon his head, which scattered his brains upon
+the ground. Claverhouse said to his wife, "What thinkest thou of thy
+husband now, woman?" She said, "I thought ever much of him, and now as
+much as ever." He said, "It were justice to lay thee beside him." She
+said, "If ye were permitted, I doubt not but your cruelty would go that
+length; but how will ye make answer for this morning's work?" He said,
+"To man I can be answerable; and for God, I will take him in my own
+hand." Claverhouse mounted his horse, and marched, and left her with the
+corpse of her dead husband lying there; she set the bairn on the ground,
+and gathered his brains, and tied up his head, and straighted his body,
+and covered him in her plaid, and sat down, and wept over him. It being
+a very desart place, where never victual grew, and far from neighbours,
+it was some time before any friends came to her; the first that came was
+a very fit hand, that old singular Christian woman, in the Cummerhead,
+named Elizabeth Menzies, three miles distant, who had been tried with
+the violent death of her husband at Pentland, afterwards of two worthy
+sons, Thomas Weir, who was killed at Drumclog, and David Steel, who was
+suddenly shot afterwards when taken. The said Marion Weir, sitting upon
+her husband's grave, told me, that before that, she could see no blood
+but she was in danger to faint; and yet she was helped to be a witness
+to all this, without either fainting or confusion, except when the shots
+were let off her eyes dazzled. His corpse were buried at the end of his
+house, where he was slain, with this inscription on his grave-stone:--
+
+  In earth's cold bed, the dusty part here lies,
+  Of one who did the earth as dust despise!
+  Here, in this place, from earth he took departure;
+  Now, he has got the garland of the martyrs.
+
+[Footnote A: The enthusiasm of this personage, and of his followers,
+invested him, as has been already noticed, with prophetic powers; but
+hardly any of the stories told of him exceeds that sort of gloomy
+conjecture of misfortune, which the precarious situation of his sect
+so greatly fostered. The following passage relates to the battle
+of Bothwell-bridge:--"That dismal day, 22d of June, 1679, at
+Bothwell-bridge, when the Lord's people fell and fled before the enemy,
+he was forty miles distant, near the border, and kept himself retired
+until the middle of the day, when some friends said to him, 'Sir, the
+people are waiting for sermon,' He answered, 'Let them go to their
+prayers; for me, I neither can nor will preach any this day, for our
+friends are fallen and fled before the enemy, at Hamilton, and they are
+hacking and hewing them down, and their blood is running like water."
+The feats of Peden are thus commemorated by Fountainhall, 27th of March,
+1650: "News came to the privy council, that about one hundred men, well
+armed and appointed, had left Ireland, because of a search there for
+such malcontents, and landed in the west of Scotland, and joined with
+the wild fanatics. The council, finding that they disappointed the
+forces, by skulking from hole to hole, were of opinion, it were better
+to let them gather into a body, and draw to a head, and so they would
+get them altogether in a snare. They had one Mr Peden, a minister, with
+them, and one Isaac, who commanded them. They had frighted most part
+of all the country ministers, so that they durst not stay at their
+churches, but retired to Edinburgh, or to garrison towns; and it was sad
+to see whole shires destitute of preaching, except in burghs. Wherever
+they came they plundered arms, and particularly at my Lord Dumfries's
+house."--FOUNTAINHALL, Vol. I. p. 359.]
+
+"This murder was committed betwixt six and seven in the morning: Mr
+Peden was about ten or eleven miles distant, having been in the fields
+all night: he came to the house betwixt seven and eight, and desired to
+call in the family, that he might pray amongst them; when praying, he
+said, "Lord, when wilt thou avenge Brown's blood? Oh, let Brown's blood
+be precious in thy sight! and hasten the day when thou wilt avenge it,
+with Cameron's, Cargil's, and many others of our martyrs' names; and oh!
+for that day, when the Lord would avenge all their bloods!" When ended,
+John Muirhead enquired what he meant by Brown's blood? He said twice
+over, "What do I mean? Claverhouse has been at the Preshil this morning,
+and has cruelly murdered John Brown; his corpse are lying at the end of
+his house, and his poor wife sitting weeping by his corpse, and not a
+soul to speak a word comfortably to her."
+
+While we read this dismal story, we must remember Brown's situation
+was that of an avowed and determined rebel, liable as such to military
+execution; so that the atrocity was more that of the times than of
+Claverhouse. That general's gallant adherence to his master, the
+misguided James VII., and his glorious death on the field of victory, at
+Killicrankie, have tended to preserve and gild his memory. He is still
+remembered in the Highlands as the most successful leader of their
+clans. An ancient gentleman, who had borne arms for the cause of Stuart,
+in 1715, told the editor, that, when the armies met on the field of
+battle, at Sheriff-muir, a veteran chief (I think he named Gordon
+of Glenbucket), covered with scars, came up to the earl of Mar, and
+earnestly pressed him to order the Highlanders to charge, before the
+regular army of Argyle had completely formed their line, and at a moment
+when the rapid and furious onset of the clans might have thrown them
+into total disorder. Mar repeatedly answered, it was not yet time; till
+the chieftain turned from him in disdain and despair, and, stamping with
+rage, exclaimed aloud, "O for one hour of Dundee!"
+
+Claverhouse's sword (a strait cut-and-thrust blade) is in the possession
+of Lord Woodhouselee. In Pennycuik-house is preserved the buff-coat,
+which he wore at the battle of Killicrankie. The fatal shot-hole is
+under the arm-pit, so that the ball must have been received while his
+arm was raised to direct the pursuit However he came by his charm of
+_proof_, he certainly had not worn the garment usually supposed to
+confer that privelage, and which is called _the waistcoat of proof, or
+of necessity_. It was thus made: "On Christmas daie, at night, a thread
+must be sponne of flax, by a little virgine girle, in the name of the
+divell: and it must be by her woven, and also wrought with the needle.
+In the breast, or forepart thereof, must be made with needle work, two
+heads; on the head, at the right side, must be a hat and a long beard;
+the left head must have on a crown, and it must be so horrible that it
+maie resemble Belzebub; and on each side of the wastcote must be made a
+crosse."--SCOTT'S _Discoverie of Witchcraft,_ p. 231.
+
+It would be now no difficult matter to bring down our popular poetry,
+connected with history, to the year 1745. But almost all the party
+ballads of that period have been already printed, and ably illustrated
+by Mr Ritson.
+
+
+END OF HISTORICAL BALLADS.
+
+
+
+
+
+MINSTRELSY OF THE SCOTTISH BORDER.
+
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+_ROMANTIC BALLADS._
+
+
+
+SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE,
+
+BY J. LEYDEN.
+
+TO IANTHE.
+
+
+  Again, sweet syren, breathe again
+  That deep, pathetic, powerful strain;
+    Whose melting tones, of tender woe,
+  Fall soft as evening's summer dew,
+  That bathes the pinks and harebells blue,
+    Which in the vales of Tiviot blow.
+
+  Such was the song that soothed to rest.
+  Far in the green isle of the west,
+    The Celtic warrior's parted shade;
+  Such are the lonely sounds that sweep
+  O'er the blue bosom of the deep,
+    Where ship-wrecked mariners are laid.
+
+  Ah! sure, as Hindu legends tell,
+  When music's tones the bosom swell,
+    The scenes of former life return;
+  Ere, sunk beneath the morning star,
+  We left our parent climes afar,
+    Immured in mortal forms to mourn.
+
+  Or if, as ancient sages ween,
+  Departed spirits, half-unseen,
+    Can mingle with the mortal throng;
+  'Tis when from heart to heart we roll
+  The deep-toned music of the soul,
+    That warbles in our Scottish song.
+
+  I hear, I hear, with awful dread,
+  The plaintive music of the dead;
+    They leave the amber fields of day:
+  Soft as the cadence of the wave,
+  That murmurs round the mermaid's grave,
+    They mingle in the magic lay.
+
+  Sweet syren, breathe the powerful strain!
+  _Lochroyan's Damsel_[A] sails the main;
+    The chrystal tower enchanted see!
+  "Now break," she cries, "ye fairy charms!"
+  As round she sails with fond alarms,
+    "Now break, and set my true love free!"
+
+  Lord Barnard is to greenwood gone,
+  Where fair _Gil Morrice_ sits alone,
+    And careless combs his yellow hair;
+  Ah! mourn the youth, untimely slain!
+  The meanest of Lord Barnard's train
+    The hunter's mangled head must bear.
+
+  Or, change these notes of deep despair,
+  For love's more soothing tender air:
+    Sing, how, beneath the greenwood tree,
+  _Brown Adam's_[B] love maintained her truth,
+  Nor would resign the exiled youth
+    For any knight the fair could see.
+
+  And sing _the Hawk of pinion gray_,[C]
+  To southern climes who winged his way,
+    For he could speak as well as fly;
+  Her brethren how the fair beguiled,
+  And on her Scottish lover smiled,
+    As slow she raised her languid eye.
+
+  Fair was her cheek's carnation glow,
+  Like red blood on a wreath of snow;
+    Like evening's dewy star her eye:
+  White as the sea-mew's downy breast,
+  Borne on the surge's foamy crest,
+    Her graceful bosom heaved the sigh.
+
+  In youth's first morn, alert and gay,
+  Ere rolling years had passed away,
+    Remembered like a morning dream,
+  I heard these dulcet measures float,
+  In many a liquid winding note,
+    Along the banks of Teviot's stream.
+
+  Sweet sounds! that oft have soothed to rest
+  The sorrows of my guileless breast,
+    And charmed away mine infant tears:
+  Fond memory shall your strains repeat,
+  Like distant echoes, doubly sweet,
+    That in the wild the traveller hears.
+
+  And thus, the exiled Scotian maid,
+  By fond alluring love betrayed
+    To visit Syria's date-crowned shore;
+  In plaintive strains, that soothed despair,
+  Did "Bothwell's banks that bloom so fair,"
+    And scenes of early youth, deplore.
+
+  Soft syren! whose enchanting strain
+  Floats wildly round my raptured brain,
+    I bid your pleasing haunts adieu!
+  Yet, fabling fancy oft shall lead
+  My footsteps to the silver Tweed,
+    Through scenes that I no more must view.
+
+[Footnote A: _The Lass of Lochroyan_--In this volume.]
+
+[Footnote B: See the ballad, entitled, _Brown Adam._]
+
+[Footnote C: See the _Gay Goss Hawk._]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON SCOTTISH MUSIC, AN ODE.
+
+  _Far in the green isle of the west._--P. 103. v. 2.
+    The _Flathinnis_, or Celtic paradise.
+
+  _Ah! sure, as Hindu legends tell._--P. 104. v. 1.
+
+The effect of music is explained by the Hindus, as recalling to our
+memory the airs of paradise, heard in a state of pre-existence--_Vide_
+Sacontala.
+
+  _Did "Bathwell's banks that bloom so fair."_--P. 106. v. 3.
+
+"So fell it out of late years, that an English gentleman, travelling in
+Palestine, not far from Jerusalem, as he passed through a country town,
+he heard, by chance, a woman sitting at her door, dandling her child, to
+sing, _Bothwel bank thou blumest fair_. The gentleman hereat wondered,
+and forthwith, in English, saluted the woman, who joyfully answered him;
+and said, she was right glad there to see a gentleman of our isle: and
+told him, that she was a Scottish woman, and came first from Scotland to
+Venice, and from Venice thither, where her fortune was to be the wife of
+an officer under the Turk; who being at that instant absent, and very
+soon to return, she entreated the gentleman to stay there until his
+return. The which he did; and she, for country sake, to shew herself the
+more kind and bountiful unto him, told her husband, at his home-coming,
+that the gentleman was her kinsman; whereupon her husband entertained
+him very kindly; and, at his departure gave him divers things of good
+value."--_Verstigan's Restitution of Decayed Intelligence._ Chap. _Of
+the Sirnames of our Antient Families._ Antwerp, 1605.
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION TO THE TALE OF TAMLANE.
+
+
+ON THE FAIRIES OF POPULAR SUPERSTITION.
+
+
+  _"Of airy elves, by moon-light shadows seen,
+  The silver token, and the circled green._--POPE.
+
+In a work, avowedly dedicated to the preservation of the poetry and
+tradition of the "olden time," it would be unpardonable to omit this
+opportunity of making some observations upon so interesting an article
+of the popular creed, as that concerning the Elves, or Fairies. The
+general idea of spirits, of a limited power, and subordinate nature,
+dwelling among the woods and mountains, is, perhaps common to all
+nations. But the intermixture of tribes, of languages, and religion,
+which has occurred in Europe, renders it difficult to trace the origin
+of the names which have been bestowed upon such spirits, and the primary
+ideas which were entertained concerning their manners and habits.
+
+The word _elf_, which seems to have been the original name of the
+beings, afterwards denominated fairies, is of Gothic origin, and
+probably signified, simply, a spirit of a lower order. Thus, the Saxons
+had not only _dun-elfen_, _berg-elfen_, and _munt-elfen_, spirits of
+the downs, hills, and mountains; but also _feld-elfen_, _wudu-elfen_,
+_sae-elfen_, and _water-elfen_; spirits of the fields, of the woods,
+of the sea, and of the waters. In low German, the same latitude of
+expression occurs; for night hags are termed _aluinnen_, and _aluen_,
+which is sometimes Latinized _eluoe_. But the prototype of the English
+elf, is to be sought chiefly in the _berg-elfen_, or _duergar_, of the
+Scandinavians. From the most early of the Icelandic Sagas, as well as
+from the Edda itself, we learn the belief of the northern nations in
+a race of dwarfish spirits, inhabiting the rocky mountains, and
+approaching, in some respects, to the human nature. Their attributes,
+amongst which we recognize the features of the modern Fairy, were,
+supernatural wisdom and prescience, and skill in the mechanical arts,
+especially in the fabrication of arms. They are farther described, as
+capricious, vindictive, and easily irritated. The story of the elfin
+sword, _Tyrfing_, may be the most pleasing illustration of this
+position. Suafurlami, a Scandinavian monarch, returning from hunting,
+bewildered himself among the mountains. About sun-set, he beheld a large
+rock, and two dwarfs, sitting before the mouth of a cavern. The king
+drew his sword, and intercepted their retreat, by springing betwixt
+them and their recess, and imposed upon them the following condition of
+safety:--that they should make for him a faulchion, with a baldric and
+scabbard of pure gold, and a blade, which should divide stones and iron
+as a garment, and which should render the wielder ever victorious in
+battle. The elves complied with the requisition, and Suafurlami pursued
+his way home. Returning at the time appointed, the dwarfs delivered to
+him the famous sword _Tyrfing_; then, standing in the entrance of their
+cavern, spoke thus: "This sword, O king, shall "destroy a man every time
+it is brandished; but it shall "perform three atrocious deeds, and it
+shall be thy bane." The king rushed forward with the charmed sword, and
+buried both its edges in the rock; but the dwarfs escaped into their
+recesses.[A] This enchanted sword emitted rays like the sun, dazzling
+all against whom it was brandished; it divided steel like water, and was
+never unsheathed without slaying a man--_Hervarar Saga,_ p. 9. Similar
+to this was the enchanted sword, _Skoffhung_, which was taken by a
+pirate out of the tomb of a Norwegian monarch. Many such tales are
+narrated in the Sagas; but the most distinct account of the _-duergar_,
+or elves, and their attributes, is to be found in a preface of Torfaeus
+to the history of Hrolf Kraka, who cites a dissertation by Einar
+Gudmund, a learned native of Iceland. "I am firmly of opinion," says the
+Icelander, "that these beings are creatures of God, consisting, like
+human beings, of a body and rational soul; that they are of different
+sexes, and capable of producing children, and subject to all human
+affections, as sleeping and waking, laughing and crying, poverty and
+wealth; and that they possess cattle, and other effects, and are
+obnoxious to death, like other mortals." He proceeds to state, that the
+females of this race are capable of procreating with mankind; and gives
+an account of one who bore a child to an inhabitant of Iceland, for whom
+she claimed the privilege of baptism; depositing the infant, for that
+purpose, at the gate of the church-yard, together with a goblet of gold,
+as an offering.--_Historia Hrolfi Krakae, a_ TORFAEO.
+
+[Footnote A: Perhaps in this, and similar tales, we may recognize
+something of real history. That the Fins, or ancient natives of
+Scandinavia, were driven into the mountains, by the invasion of Odin and
+his Asiatics, is sufficiently probable; and there is reason to believe,
+that the aboriginal inhabitants understood, better than the intruders,
+how to manufacture the produce of their own mines. It is therefore
+possible, that, in process of time, the oppressed Fins may have been
+transformed into the supernatural _duergar_. A similar transformation
+has taken place among the vulgar in Scotland, regarding the Picts, or
+Pechs, to whom they ascribe various supernatural attributes.]
+
+Similar to the traditions of the Icelanders, are those current among the
+Laplanders of Finland, concerning a subterranean people, gifted with'
+supernatural qualities, and inhabiting the recesses of the earth.
+Resembling men in their general appearance, the manner of their
+existence, and their habits of life, they far excel the miserable
+Laplanders in perfection of nature, felicity of situation, and skill in
+mechanical arts. From all these advantages, however, after the partial
+conversion of the Laplanders, the subterranean people have derived no
+farther credit, than to be confounded with the devils and magicians of
+the dark ages of Christianity; a degradation which, as will shortly be
+demonstrated, has been also suffered by the harmless Fairies of Albion,
+and indeed by the whole host of deities of learned Greece and mighty
+Rome. The ancient opinions are yet so firmly rooted, that the Laps of
+Finland, at this day, boast of an intercourse with these beings, in
+banquets, dances, and magical ceremonies, and even in the more intimate
+commerce of gallantry. They talk, with triumph, of the feasts which
+they have shared in the elfin caverns, where wine and tobacco, the
+productions of the Fairy region, went round in abundance, and whence
+the mortal guest, after receiving the kindest treatment and the most
+salutary counsel, has been conducted to his tent by an escort of his
+supernatural entertainers.--_Jessens, de Lapponibus._
+
+The superstitions of the islands of Feroe, concerning their
+_Froddenskemen_, or under-ground people, are derived from the _duergar_
+of Scandinavia. These beings are supposed to inhabit the interior
+recesses of mountains, which they enter by invisible passages. Like the
+Fairies, they are supposed to steal human beings. "It happened," says
+Debes, p. 354, "a good while since, when the burghers of Bergen had
+the commerce of Feroe, that there was a man in Servaade, called Jonas
+Soideman, who was kept by spirits in a mountain, during the space of
+seven years, and at length came out; but lived afterwards in great
+distress and fear, lest they should again take him away; wherefore
+people were obliged to watch him in the night." The same author mentions
+another young man, who had been carried away, and, after his return, was
+removed a second time upon the eve of his marriage. He returned in a
+short time, and narrated, that the spirit that had carried him away, was
+in the shape of a most beautiful woman, who pressed him to forsake his
+bride, and remain with her; urging her own superior beauty, and splendid
+appearance. He added, that he saw the men who were employed to search
+for him, and heard them call; but that they could not see him, nor could
+he answer them, till, upon his determined refusal to listen to the
+spirit's persuasions, the spell ceased to operate. The kidney-shaped
+West Indian bean, which is sometimes driven upon the shore of the
+Feroes, is termed, by the natives "the _Fairie's kidney_."
+
+In these traditions of the Gothic and Finnish tribes, we may recognize,
+with certainty, the rudiments of elfin superstition; but we must look to
+various other causes for the modifications which it has undergone. These
+are to be sought, 1st, in the traditions of the east; 2d, in the wreck
+and confusion of the Gothic mythology; 3d, in the tales of chivalry;
+4th, in the fables of classical antiquity; 5th, in the influence of the
+Christian religion; 6th, and finally, in the creative imagination of
+the sixteenth century. It may be proper to notice the effect of these
+various causes, before stating the popular belief of our own time,
+regarding the Fairies.
+
+I. To the traditions of the east, the Fairies of Britain owe, I think,
+little more than the appellation, by which they have been distinguished
+since the days of the crusade. The term "Fairy," occurs not only
+in Chaucer, and in yet older English authors, but also, and more
+frequently, in the romance language; from which they seem to have
+adopted it. Ducange cites the following passage from Gul. Guiart, in
+_Historia Francica_, MS.
+
+  Plusiers parlent de Guenart,
+  Du Lou, de L'Asne, de Renart,
+  De _Faeries_ et de Songes,
+  De phantosmes et de mensonges.
+
+The _Lay le Frain_, enumerating the subjects of the Breton Lays, informs
+us expressly,
+
+  Many ther beth _faery_.
+
+By some etymologists of that learned class, who not only know whence
+words come, but also whither they are going, the term _Fairy_, or
+_Faerie_, is derived from _Fae_, which is again derived from _Nympha_.
+It is more probable the term is of oriental origin, and is derived from
+the Persic, through the medium of the Arabic. In Persic, the term _Peri_
+expresses a species of imaginary being, which resembles the Fairy in
+some of its qualities, and is one of the fairest creatures of romantic
+fancy. This superstition must have been known to the Arabs, among whom
+the Persian tales, or romances, even as early as the time of Mahomet,
+were so popular, that it required the most terrible denunciations of
+that legislator to proscribe them. Now, in the enunciation of the Arabs,
+the term _Peri_ would sound _Fairy_, the letter _p_ not occurring in
+the alphabet of that nation; and, as the chief intercourse of the early
+crusaders was with the Arabs, or Saracens, it is probable they would
+adopt the term according to their pronounciation. Neither will it be
+considered as an objection to this opinion, that in Hesychius, the
+Ionian term _Phereas_, or _Pheres_, denotes the satyrs of classical
+antiquity, if the number of words of oriental origin in that
+lexicographer be recollected. Of the Persian Peris, Ouseley, in his
+_Persian Miscellanies_, has described some characteristic traits, with
+all the luxuriance of a fancy, impregnated with the oriental association
+of ideas. However vaguely their nature and appearance is described, they
+are uniformly represented as gentle, amiable females, to whose character
+beneficence and beauty are essential. None of them are mischievous or
+malignant; none of them are deformed or diminutive, like the Gothic
+fairy. Though they correspond in beauty with our ideas of angels, their
+employments are dissimilar; and, as they have no place in heaven, their
+abode is different. Neither do they resemble those intelligences, whom,
+on account of their wisdom, the Platonists denominated Daemons; nor
+do they correspond either to the guardian Genii of the Romans, or the
+celestial virgins of paradise, whom the Arabs denominate Houri. But the
+Peris hover in the balmy clouds, live in the colours of the rainbow,
+and, as the exquisite purity of their nature rejects all nourishment
+grosser than the odours of flowers, they subsist by inhaling the
+fragrance of the jessamine and rose. Though their existence is not
+commensurate with the bounds of human life, they are not exempted from
+the common fate of mortals.--With the Peris, in Persian mythology, are
+contrasted the Dives, a race of beings, who differ from them in sex,
+appearance, and disposition. These are represented as of the male sex,
+cruel, wicked, and of the most hideous aspect; or, as they are described
+by Mr Finch, "with ugly shapes, long horns, staring eyes, shaggy hair,
+great fangs, ugly paws, long tails, with such horrible difformity and
+deformity, that I wonder the poor women are not frightened therewith."
+Though they live very long, their lives are limited, and they are
+obnoxious to the blows of a human foe. From the malignancy of their
+nature, they not only wage war with mankind, but persecute the Peris
+with unremitting ferocity. Such are the brilliant and fanciful colours
+in which the imaginations of the Persian poets have depicted the
+charming race of the Peris; and, if we consider the romantic gallantry
+of the knights of chivalry, and of the crusaders, it will not appear
+improbable, that their charms might occasionally fascinate the fervid
+imagination of an amorous troubadour. But, further; the intercourse of
+France and Italy with the Moors of Spain, and the prevalence of the
+Arabic, as the language of science in the dark ages, facilitated the
+introduction of their mythology amongst the nations of the west. Hence,
+the romances of France, of Spain, and of Italy, unite in describing the
+Fairy as an inferior spirit, in a beautiful female form, possessing many
+of the amiable qualities of the eastern Peri. Nay, it seems sufficiently
+clear, that the romancers borrowed from the Arabs, not merely the
+general idea concerning those spirits, but even the names of individuals
+amongst them. The Peri, _Mergian Banou_ (see _Herbelot, ap. Peri_),
+celebrated in the ancient Persian poetry, figures in the European
+romances, under the various names of _Mourgue La Faye_, sister to _King
+Arthur; Urgande La Deconnue_, protectress of _Amadis de Gaul_; and the
+_Fata Morgana_ of Boiardo and Ariosto. The description of these nymphs,
+by the troubadours and minstrels, is in no respect inferior to those of
+the Peris. In the tale of _Sir Launfal_, in Way's _Fabliaux_, as well as
+in that of _Sir Gruelan_, in the same interesting collection, the reader
+will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the
+splendour of eastern description. The fairy _Melusina_, also, who
+married Guy de Lusignan, count of Poictou, under condition that he
+should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter
+class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a
+magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted,
+until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by
+concealing himself, to behold his wife make use of her enchanted
+bath. Hardly had _Melusina_ discovered the indiscreet intruder, than,
+transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of
+lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even
+in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her
+descendants, and was heard wailing, as she sailed upon the blast
+round the turrets of the castle of Lusiguan, the night before it was
+demolished. For the full story, the reader may consult the _Bibliotheque
+des Romans_.[A]--Gervase of Tilbury (pp. 895, and 989), assures us,
+that, in his days, the lovers of the Fadae, or Fairies, were numerous;
+and describes the rules of their intercourse with as much accuracy, as
+if he had himself been engaged in such an affair. Sir David Lindsay also
+informs us, that a leopard is the proper armorial bearing of those
+who spring from such intercourse, because that beast is generated by
+adultery of the pard and lioness. He adds, that Merlin, the prophet, was
+the first who adopted this cognizance, because he was "borne of faarie
+in adultre, and right sua the first duk of Guyenne, was borne of a
+_fee_; and, therefoir, the armes of Guyenne are a leopard."--_MS. on
+Heraldry, Advocates' Library,_ w. 4. 13. While, however, the Fairy of
+warmer climes was thus held up as an object of desire and of affection,
+those of Britain, and more especially those of Scotland, were far
+from being so fortunate; but, retaining the unamiable qualities, and
+diminutive size of the Gothic elves, they only exchanged that term for
+the more popular appellation of Fairies.
+
+[Footnote A: Upon this, or some similar tradition, was founded the
+notion, which the inveteracy of national prejudice, so easily diffused
+in Scotland, that the ancestor of the English monarchs, Geoffrey
+Plantagenet, had actually married a daemon. Bowmaker, in order to
+explain the cruelty and ambition of Edward I., dedicates a chapter to
+shew "how the kings of England are descended from the devil, by the
+mother's side."--_Fordun, Chron._ lib. 9, cap. 6. The lord of a certain
+castle, called Espervel, was unfortunate enough to have a wife of the
+same class. Having observed, for several years, that she always left the
+chapel before the mass was concluded, the baron, in a fit of obstinacy
+or curiosity, ordered his guard to detain her by force; of which the
+consequence was, that, unable to support the elevation of the host, she
+retreated through the air, carrying with her one side of the chapel, and
+several of the congregation.]
+
+II. Indeed, so singularly unlucky were the British Fairies that, as has
+already been hinted, amid the wreck of the Gothic mythology, consequent
+upon the introduction of Christianity, they seem to have preserved, with
+difficulty, their own distinct characteristics, while, at the same time,
+they engrossed the mischievous attributes of several other classes of
+subordinate spirits, acknowledged by the nations of the north. The
+abstraction of children, for example, the well known practice of the
+modern Fairy, seems, by the ancient Gothic nations, to have rather been
+ascribed to a species of night-mare, or hag, than to the _berg-elfen_,
+or _duergar_. In the ancient legend of _St Margaret_, of which there is
+a Saxo-Norman copy, in _Hickes' Thesaurus Linguar. Septen._ and one,
+more modern, in the Auchinleck MSS., that lady encounters a fiend, whose
+profession it was, among other malicious tricks, to injure new-born
+children and their mothers; a practice afterwards imputed to the
+Fairies. Gervase of Tilbury, in the _Otia Imperialia_, mentions certain
+hags, or _Lamiae_, who entered into houses in the night-time, to oppress
+the inhabitants, while asleep, injure their persons and property, and
+carry off their children. He likewise mentions the _Dracae_, a sort of
+water spirits, who inveigle women and children into the recesses which
+they inhabit, beneath lakes and rivers, by floating past them, on the
+surface of the water, in the shape of gold rings, or cups. The women,
+thus seized, are employed as nurses, and, after seven years, are
+permitted to revisit earth. Gervase mentions one woman, in particular,
+who had been allured by observing a wooden dish, or cup, float by her,
+while washing clothes in a river. Being seized as soon as she reached
+the depths, she was conducted into one of these subterranean recesses,
+which she described as very magnificent, and employed as nurse to one of
+the brood of the hag who had allured her. During her residence in this
+capacity, having accidentally touched one of her eyes with an ointment
+of serpent's grease, she perceived, at her return to the world, that she
+had acquired the faculty of seeing the _dracae_, when they intermingle
+themselves with men. Of this power she was, however, deprived by the
+touch of her ghostly mistress, whom she had one day incautiously
+addressed. It is a curious fact, that this story, in almost all its
+parts, is current in both the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland, with
+no other variation than the substitution of Fairies for _dracae_, and
+the cavern of a hill for that of a river.[A] These water fiends are thus
+characterized by Heywood, in the _Hierarchie_--
+
+  "Spirits, that have o'er water gouvernement,
+  Are to mankind alike malevolent;
+  They trouble seas, flouds, rivers, brookes, and wels,
+  Meres, lakes, and love to enhabit watry cells;
+  Hence noisome and pestiferous vapours raise;
+  Besides, they men encounter divers ways.
+  At wreckes some present are; another sort,
+  Ready to cramp their joints that swim for sport:
+  One kind of these, the Italians _fatae_ name,
+  _Fee_ the French, we _sybils_, and the same;
+  Others _white nymphs_, and those that have them seen,
+  _Night ladies_ some, of which Habundia queen.
+     _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 507.
+
+[Footnote A: Indeed, many of the vulgar account it extremely dangerous
+to touch any thing, which they may happen to find, without _saining_
+(blessing) it, the snares of the enemy being notorious and well
+attested. A poor woman of Tiviotdale, having been fortunate enough, as
+she thought herself, to find a wooden beetle, at the very time when
+she needed such an implement, seized it without pronouncing the proper
+blessing, and, carrying it home, laid it above her bed, to be ready
+for employment in the morning. At midnight, the window of her cottage
+opened, and a loud voice was heard, calling upon some one within, by a
+strange and uncouth name, which I have forgotten. The terrified cottager
+ejaculated a prayer, which, we may suppose, insured her personal
+safety; while the enchanted implement of housewifery, tumbling from the
+bed-stead, departed by the window with no small noise and precipitation.
+In a humorous fugitive tract, the late Dr Johnson is introduced as
+disputing the authenticity of an apparition, merely because the spirit
+assumed the shape of a tea-pot, and of a shoulder of mutton. No doubt,
+a case so much in point, as that we have now quoted, would have removed
+his incredulity.]
+
+The following Frisian superstition, related by Schott, in his _Physica
+Curiosa_, p. 362, on the authority of Cornelius a Kempen, coincides more
+accurately with the popular opinions concerning the Fairies, than even
+the _dracae_ of Gervase, or the water-spirits of Thomas Heywood.--"In
+the time of the emperor Lotharius, in 830," says he, "many spectres
+infested Frieseland, particularly the white nymphs of the ancients,
+which the moderns denominate _witte wiven_, who inhabited a
+subterraneous cavern, formed in a wonderful manner, without human art,
+on the top of a lofty mountain. These were accustomed to surprise
+benighted travellers, shepherds watching their herds and flocks, and
+women newly delivered, with their children; and convey them into their
+caverns, from which subterranean murmurs, the cries of children, the
+groans and lamentations of men, and sometimes imperfect words, and all
+kinds of musical sounds, were heard to proceed." The same superstition
+is detailed by Bekker, in his _World Bewitch'd_, p. 196, of the English
+translation. As the different classes of spirits were gradually
+confounded, the abstraction of children seems to have been chiefly
+ascribed to the elves, or Fairies; yet not so entirely, as to exclude
+hags and witches from the occasional exertion of their ancient
+privilege.--In Germany, the same confusion of classes has not taken
+place. In the beautiful ballads of the _Erl King_, the _Water King_, and
+the _Mer-Maid_, we still recognize the ancient traditions of the Goths,
+concerning the _wald-elven_, and the _dracae_.
+
+A similar superstition, concerning abstraction by daemons, seems, in
+the time of Gervase of Tilbury, to have pervaded the greatest part of
+Europe. "In Catalonia," says that author, "there is a lofty mountain,
+named Cavagum, at the foot of which runs a river with golden sands, in
+the vicinity of which there are likewise mines of silver. This mountain
+is steep, and almost inaccessible. On its top, which is always covered
+with ice and snow, is a black and bottomless lake, into which if a
+stone be thrown, a tempest suddenly rises; and near this lake, though
+invisible to men, is the porch of the palace of daemons. In a town
+adjacent to this mountain, named Junchera, lived one Peter de Cabinam.
+Being one day teazed with the fretfulness of his young daughter, he, in
+his impatience, suddenly wished that the devil might take her; when she
+was immediately borne away by the spirits. About seven years afterwards,
+an inhabitant of the same city, passing by the mountain, met a man, who
+complained bitterly of the burthen he was constantly forced to bear.
+Upon enquiring the cause of his complaining, as he did not seem to carry
+any load, the man related, that he had been unwarily devoted to the
+spirits by an execration, and that they now employed him constantly as
+a vehicle of burthen. As a proof of his assertion, he added, that the
+daughter of his fellow-citizen was detained by the spirits, but that
+they were willing to restore her, if her father would come and demand
+her on the mountain. Peter de Cabinam, on being informed of this,
+ascended the mountain to the lake, and, in the name of God, demanded his
+daughter; when, a tall, thin, withered figure, with wandering eyes, and
+almost bereft of understanding, was wafted to him in a blast of wind.
+After some time, the person, who had been employed as the vehicle of the
+spirits, also returned, when he related where the palace of the spirits
+was situated; but added, that none were permitted to enter but those who
+devoted themselves entirely to the spirits; those, who had been rashly
+committed to the devil by others, being only permitted, during their
+probation, to enter the porch." It may be proper to observe, that the
+superstitious idea, concerning the lake on the top of the mountain, is
+common to almost every high hill in Scotland. Wells, or pits, on the
+top of high hills, were likewise supposed to lead to the subterranean
+habitations of the Fairies. Thus, Gervase relates, (p. 975), "that he
+was informed the swine-herd of William Peverell, an English baron,
+having lost a brood-sow, descended through a deep abyss, in the middle
+of an ancient ruinous castle, situated on the top of a hill, called
+Bech, in search of it. Though a violent wind commonly issued from
+this pit, he found it calm; and pursued his way, till he arrived at a
+subterraneous region, pleasant and cultivated, with reapers cutting down
+corn, though the snow remained on the surface of the ground above. Among
+the ears of corn he discovered his sow, and was permitted to ascend with
+her, and the pigs which she had farrowed." Though the author seems to
+think that the inhabitants of this cave might be Antipodes, yet, as
+many such stories are related of the Fairies, it is probable that this
+narration is of the same kind. Of a similar nature seems to be another
+superstition, mentioned by the same author, concerning the ringing of
+invisible bells, at the hour of one, in a field in the vicinity of
+Carleol, which, as he relates, was denominated _Laikibraine_, or _Lai ki
+brait_. From all these tales, we may perhaps be justified in supposing,
+that the faculties and habits ascribed to the Fairies, by the
+superstition of latter days, comprehended several, originally attributed
+to other classes of inferior spirits.
+
+III. The notions, arising from the spirit of chivalry, combined to add
+to the Fairies certain qualities, less atrocious, indeed, but equally
+formidable, with those which they derived from the last mentioned
+source, and alike inconsistent with the powers of the _duergar_, whom
+we may term their primitive prototype. From an early period, the daring
+temper of the northern tribes urged them to defy even the supernatural
+powers. In the days of Caesar, the Suevi were described, by their
+countrymen, as a people, with whom the immortal gods dared not venture
+to contend. At a later period, the historians of Scandinavia paint their
+heroes and champions, not as bending at the altar of their deities, but
+wandering into remote forests and caverns, descending into the recesses
+of the tomb, and extorting boons, alike from gods and daemons, by dint
+of the sword, and battle-axe. I will not detain the reader by quoting
+instances, in which heaven is thus described as having been literally
+attempted by storm. He may consult Saxo, Olaus Wormius, Olaus Magnus,
+Torfaeus, Bartholin, and other northern antiquaries. With such ideas of
+superior beings, the Normans, Saxons, and other Gothic tribes, brought
+their ardent courage to ferment yet more highly in the genial climes of
+the south, and under the blaze of romantic chivalry. Hence, during the
+dark ages, the invisible world was modelled after the material; and the
+saints, to the protection of whom the knights-errant were accustomed to
+recommend themselves, were accoutered like _preux chevaliers_, by the
+ardent imaginations of their votaries. With such ideas concerning the
+inhabitants of the celestial regions, we ought not to be surprised to
+find the inferior spirits, of a more dubious nature and origin, equipped
+in the same disguise. Gervase of Tilbury (_Otia Imperial, ap. Script,
+rer. Brunsvic,_ Vol. I. p. 797.) relates the following popular story
+concerning a Fairy Knight. "Osbert, a bold and powerful baron, visited
+a noble family in the vicinity of Wandlebury, in the bishopric of Ely.
+Among other stories related in the social circle of his friends, who,
+according to custom, amused each other by repeating ancient tales and
+traditions, he was informed, that if any knight, unattended, entered an
+adjacent plain by moon-light, and challenged an adversary to appear, he
+would be immediately encountered by a spirit in the form of a knight.
+Osbert resolved to make the experiment, and set out, attended by a
+single squire, whom he ordered to remain without the limits of the
+plain, which was surrounded by an ancient entrenchment. On repeating the
+challenge, he was instantly assailed by an adversary, whom he quickly
+unhorsed, and seized the reins of his steed. During this operation, his
+ghostly opponent sprung up, and, darting his spear, like a javelin, at
+Osbert, wounded him in the thigh. Osbert returned in triumph with the
+horse, which he committed to the care of his servants. The horse was of
+a sable colour, as well as his whole accoutrements, and apparently of
+great beauty and vigour. He remained with his keeper till cock-crowing,
+when, with eyes flashing fire, he reared, spurned the ground, and
+vanished. On disarming himself, Osbert perceived that he was wounded,
+and that one of his steel boots was full of blood. Gervase adds,
+that, as long as he lived, the scar of his wound opened afresh on the
+anniversary of the eve on which he encountered the spirit."[A] Less
+fortunate was the gallant Bohemian knight, who, travelling by night,
+with a single companion, came in sight of a fairy host, arrayed under
+displayed banners. Despising the remonstrances of his friend, the knight
+pricked forward to break a lance with a champion who advanced from
+the ranks, apparently in defiance. His companion beheld the Bohemian
+over-thrown horse and man, by his aerial adversary; and, returning to
+the spot next morning, he found the mangled, corpse of the knight and
+steed.--_Hierarchie of Blessed Angels,_ p. 554.
+
+[Footnote A: The unfortunate Chatterton was not, probably, acquainted
+with Gervase of Tilbury; yet he seems to allude, in the _Battle of
+Hastings_, to some modification of Sir Osbert's adventure:
+
+  So who they be that ouphant fairies strike,
+  Their souls shall wander to King Offa's dike.
+
+The entrenchment, which served as lists for the combatants, is said by
+Gervase to have been the work of the pagan invaders of Britain. In the
+metrical romance of _Arthour and Merlin_, we have also an account of
+Wandlesbury being occupied by the Sarasins, i.e. the Saxons; for all
+pagans were Saracens with the romancers. I presume the place to have
+been Wodnesbury, in Wiltshire, situated on the remarkable mound,
+called Wansdike, which is obviously a Saxon work.--GOUGH'S _Cambden's
+Britannia,_ pp. 87--95.]
+
+To the same current of warlike ideas, we may safely attribute the
+long train of military processions which the Fairies are supposed
+occasionally to exhibit. The elves, indeed, seem in this point to be
+identified with the aerial host, termed, during the middle ages, the
+_Milites Herlikini_, or _Herleurini_, celebrated by Pet. Blesensis,
+and termed, in the life of St Thomas of Canterbury, the _Familia
+Helliquinii_. The chief of this band was originally a gallant knight and
+warrior; but, having spent his whole possessions in the service of the
+emperor, and being rewarded with scorn, and abandoned to subordinate
+oppression, he became desperate, and, with his sons and followers,
+formed a band of robbers. After committing many ravages, and defeating
+all the forces sent against him, Hellequin, with his whole troop, fell
+in a bloody engagement with the Imperial host. His former good life was
+supposed to save him from utter reprobation; but he and his followers
+were condemned, after death, to a state of wandering, which should
+endure till the last day. Retaining their military habits, they were
+usually seen in the act of justing together, or in similar warlike
+employments. See the ancient French romance of _Richard sans Peur_.
+Similar to this was the _Nacht Lager_, or midnight camp, which seemed
+nightly to beleaguer the walls of Prague,
+
+  "With ghastly faces thronged, and fiery arms,"
+
+but which disappeared upon recitation of the magical words, _Vezele,
+Vezele, ho! ho! ho!_--For similar delusions, see DELRIUS, pp. 294, 295.
+
+The martial spirit of our ancestors led them to defy these aerial
+warriors; and it is still currently believed, that he, who has courage
+to rush upon a fairy festival, and snatch from them their drinking cup,
+or horn, shall find it prove to him a cornucopia of good fortune, if he
+can bear it in safety across a running stream. Such a horn is said to
+have been presented to Henry I. by a lord of Colchester.--GERVAS TILB.
+p. 980. A goblet is still carefully preserved in Edenhall, Cumberland,
+which is supposed to have been seized at a banquet of the elves, by one
+of the ancient family of Musgrave; or, as others say, by one of their
+domestics, in the manner above described. The Fairy train vanished,
+crying aloud,
+
+  If this glass do break or fall,
+  Farewell the luck of Edenhall!
+
+The goblet took a name from the prophecy, under which it is mentioned,
+in the burlesque ballad, commonly attributed to the duke of Wharton, but
+in reality composed by Lloyd, one of his jovial companions. The duke,
+after taking a draught, had nearly terminated the "luck of Edenhall,"
+had not the butler caught the cup in a napkin, as it dropped from his
+grace's hands. I understand it is not now subjected to such risques, but
+the lees of wine are still apparent at the bottom.
+
+  God prosper long, from being broke,
+   The luck of Edenhall.--_Parody on Chevy Chace._
+
+Some faint traces yet remain, on the borders, of a conflict of a
+mysterious and terrible nature, between mortals and the spirits of the
+wilds. This superstition is incidentally alluded to by Jackson, at the
+beginning of the 17th century. The fern seed, which is supposed to
+become visible only on St John's Eve,[A] and at the very moment when
+the Baptist was born, is held by the vulgar to be under the special
+protection of the queen of Faery. But, as the seed was supposed to have
+the quality of rendering the possessor invisible at pleasure,[B] and to
+be also of sovereign use in charms and incantations, persons of courage,
+addicted to these mysterious arts, were wont to watch in solitude, to
+gather it at the moment when it should become visible. The particular
+charms, by which they fenced themselves during this vigil, are now
+unknown; but it was reckoned a feat of no small danger, as the person
+undertaking it was exposed to the most dreadful assaults from spirits,
+who dreaded the effect of this powerful herb in the hands of a cabalist.
+Such were the shades, which the original superstition, concerning the.
+Fairies, received from the chivalrous sentiments of the middle ages.
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  Ne'er be I found by thee unawed,
+  On that thrice hallowed eve abroad,
+  When goblins haunt, from fire and fen.
+  And wood and lake, the steps of men.
+      COLLINS'S _Ode to Fear._
+
+The whole history of St John the Baptist was, by our ancestors,
+accounted mysterious, and connected with their own superstitions.
+The fairy queen was sometimes identified with Herodias.--DELRII
+_Disquisitiones Magicae,_ pp. 168. 807. It is amusing to observe with
+what gravity the learned Jesuit contends, that it is heresy to believe
+that this celebrated figurante (_saltatricula_) still leads choral
+dances upon earth!]
+
+[Footnote B: This is alluded to by Shakespeare, and other authors of his
+time:
+
+  "We have the receipt of _fern-seed_; we walk invisible."
+      _Henry IV. Part 1st, Act 2d, Sc. 3_.]
+
+IV. An absurd belief in the fables of classical antiquity lent an
+additional feature to the character of the woodland spirits of whom we
+treat. Greece and Rome had not only assigned tutelary deities to each
+province and city, but had peopled, with peculiar spirits, the Seas, the
+Rivers, the Woods, and the Mountains. The memory of the pagan creed was
+not speedily eradicated, in the extensive provinces through which it was
+once universally received; and, in many particulars, it continued long
+to mingle with, and influence, the original superstitions of the Gothic
+nations. Hence, we find the elves occasionally arrayed in the costume of
+Greece and Rome, and the Fairy Queen and her attendants transformed into
+Diana and her nymphs, and invested with their attributes and appropriate
+insignia.--DELRIUS, pp. 168, 807. According to the same author, the
+Fairy Queen was also called _Habundia_. Like Diana, who, in one
+capacity, was denominated _Hecate_, the goddess of enchantment, the
+Fairy Queen is identified in popular tradition, with the _Gyre-Carline,
+Gay Carline_, or mother witch, of the Scottish peasantry. Of this
+personage, as an individual, we have but few notices. She is sometimes
+termed _Nicneven_, and is mentioned in the _Complaynt of Scotland_, by
+Lindsay in his _Dreme_, p. 225, edit. 1590, and in his _Interludes_,
+apud PINKERTON'S _Scottish Poems_, Vol. II. p. 18. But the traditionary
+accounts regarding her are too obscure to admit of explanation. In the
+burlesque fragment subjoined, which is copied from the Bannatyne MS. the
+Gyre Carline is termed the _Queen of Jowis_ (Jovis, or perhaps Jews),
+and is, with great consistency, married to Mohammed.[A]
+
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  In Tyberius tyme, the trew imperatour,
+  Quhen Tynto hills fra skraipiug of toun-henis was keipit,
+  Thair dwelt are grit Gyre Carling in awld Betokis bour,
+  That levit upoun Christiane menis flesche, and rewheids unleipit;
+  Thair wynit ane hir by, on the west syde, callit Blasour,
+  For luve of hir lanchane lippis, he walit and he weipit;
+  He gadderit are menzie of modwartis to warp doun the tour:
+  The Carling with are yren club, quhen yat Blasour sleipit,
+     Behind the heil scho hat him sic ane blaw,
+     Quhil Blasour bled ane quart
+     Off milk pottage inwart,
+     The Carling luche, and lut fart
+       North Berwik Law.
+
+  The king of fary than come, with elfis many ane,
+  And sett are sege, and are salt, with grit pensallis of pryd;
+  And all the doggis fra Dunbar wes thair to Dumblane,
+  With all the tykis of Tervey, come to thame that tyd;
+  Thay quelle doune with thair gonnes mony grit stane,
+  The Carling schup hir on ane sow, and is her gaitis gane,
+  Grunting our the Greik sie, and durst na langer byd,
+  For bruklyng of bargane, and breikhig of browis:
+     The Carling now for dispyte
+     Is maieit with Mahomyte,
+     And will the doggis interdyte,
+       For scho is queue of Jowis.
+
+  Sensyne the cockis of Crawmound crew nevir at day,
+  For dule of that devillisch deme wes with Mahoun mareit,
+  And the henis of Hadingtoun sensyne wald not lay,
+  For this wild wibroun wich thame widlit sa and wareit;
+  And the same North Berwik Law, as I heir wyvis say,
+  This Carling, with a fals east, wald away careit;
+  For to luck on quha sa lykis, na langer scho tareit:
+  All this languor for love before tymes fell,
+     Lang or Betok was born,
+     Scho bred of ane accorne;
+     The laif of the story to morne,
+       To you I sall telle.]
+
+But chiefly in Italy were traced many dim characters of ancient
+mythology, in the creed of tradition. Thus, so lately as 1536, Vulcan,
+with twenty of his Cyclops, is stated to have presented himself suddenly
+to a Spanish merchant, travelling in the night, through the forests of
+Sicily; an apparition, which was followed by a dreadful eruption of
+Mount Aetna.--_Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 504 Of this
+singular mixture, the reader will find a curious specimen in the
+following tale, wherein the Venus of antiquity assumes the manners of
+one of the Fays, or Fatae, of romance. "In the year 1058, a young man
+of noble birth had been married at Rome, and, during the period of his
+nuptial feast, having gone with his companions to play at ball, he put
+his marriage ring on the finger of a broken statue of Venus in the area,
+to remain, while he was engaged in the recreation. Desisting from the
+exercise, he found the finger, on which he had put his ring, contracted
+firmly against the palm, and attempted in vain either to break it, or to
+disengage his ring. He concealed the circumstance from his companions,
+and returned at night with a servant, when he found the finger extended,
+and his ring gone. He dissembled the loss, and returned to his wife;
+but, whenever he attempted to embrace her, he found himself prevented
+by something dark and dense, which was tangible, though not visible,
+interposing between them; and he heard a voice saying, 'Embrace me! for
+I am Venus, whom this day you wedded, and I will not restore your ring.'
+As this was constantly repeated, he consulted his relations, who had
+recourse to Palumbus, a priest, skilled in necromancy. He directed the
+young man to go, at a certain hour of night, to a spot among the ruins
+of ancient Rome, where four roads met, and wait silently till he saw a
+company pass by, and then, without uttering a word, to deliver a letter,
+which he gave him, to a majestic being, who rode in a chariot, after the
+rest of the company. The young man did as he was directed; and saw a
+company of all ages, sexes, and ranks, on horse and on foot, some joyful
+and others sad, pass along; among whom he distinguished a woman in a
+meretricious dress, who, from the tenuity of her garments, seemed
+almost naked. She rode on a mule; her long hair, which flowed over her
+shoulders, was bound with a golden fillet; and in her hand was a golden
+rod, with which she directed her mule. In the close of the procession,
+a tall majestic figure appeared in a chariot, adorned with emeralds
+and pearls, who fiercely asked the young man, 'What he did there?' He
+presented the letter in silence, which the daemon dared not refuse.
+As soon as he had read, lifting up his hands to heaven, he exclaimed,
+'Almighty God! how long wilt thou endure the iniquities of the sorcerer
+Palumbus!' and immediately dispatched some of his attendants, who, with
+much difficulty, extorted the ring from Venus, and restored it to
+its owner, whose infernal banns were thus dissolved."--FORDUNI
+_Scotichronicon,_ Vol. I. p. 407, _cura_ GOODALL.
+
+But it is rather in the classical character of an infernal deity, that
+the elfin queen may be considered, than as _Hecate_, the patroness of
+magic; for not only in the romance writers, but even in Chaucer, are the
+Fairies identified with the ancient inhabitants of the classical hell.
+Thus Chaucer, in his _Marchand's Tale_, mentions
+
+  Pluto that is king of fayrie--and
+  Proserpine and all her fayrie.
+
+In the _Golden Terge_ of Dunbar, the same phraseology is adopted: Thus,
+
+  Thair was Pluto that elricke incubus
+  In cloke of grene, his court usit in sable.
+
+Even so late as 1602, in Harsenet's _Declaration of Popish Imposture,_
+p. 57, Mercury is called _Prince of the Fairies._
+
+But Chaucer, and those poets who have adopted his phraseology, have only
+followed the romance writers; for the same substitution occurs in the
+romance of _Orfeo and Heurodis_, in which the story of Orpheus and
+Eurydice is transformed into a beautiful romantic tale of faery, and
+the Gothic mythology engrafted on the fables of Greece. _Heurodis_ is
+represented as wife of _Orfeo_, and queen of Winchester, the ancient
+name of which city the romancer, with unparalleled ingenuity, discovers
+to have been Traciens, or Thrace. The monarch, her husband, had a
+singular genealogy:
+
+  His fader was comen of King Pluto,
+  And his moder of King Juno;
+  That sum time were as godes y-holde,
+  For aventours that thai dede and tolde.
+
+Reposing, unwarily, at noon, under the shade of an ymp tree,[A]
+_Heurodis_ dreams that she is accosted by the King of Fairies,
+
+  With an hundred knights and mo,
+  And damisels an hundred also,
+  Al on snowe white stedes;
+  As white as milke were her wedes;
+  Y no seigh never yete bifore,
+  So fair creatours y-core:
+  The kinge hadde a croun on hed,
+  It nas of silver, no of golde red,
+  Ac it was of a precious ston:
+  As bright as the sonne it schon.
+
+[Footnote A: _Ymp tree_--According to the general acceptation, this only
+signifies a grafted tree; whether it should he here understood to mean a
+tree consecrated to the imps, or fairies, is left with the reader.]
+
+The King of Fairies, who had obtained power over the queen, perhaps from
+her sleeping at noon in his domain, orders her, under the penalty of
+being torn to pieces, to await him to-morrow under the ymp tree, and
+accompany him to Fairy-Land. She relates her dream to her husband, who
+resolves to accompany her, and attempt her rescue:
+
+  A morwe the under tide is come,
+  And Orfeo hath his armes y-nome,
+  And wele ten hundred knights with him,
+  Ich y-armed stout and grim;
+  And with the quen wenten he,
+  Right upon that ympe tre.
+  Thai made scheltrom in iche aside,
+  And sayd thai wold there abide,
+  And dye ther everichon,
+  Er the qeun schuld fram hem gon:
+  Ac yete amiddes hem ful right,
+  The quen was oway y-twight,
+  With Fairi forth y-nome,
+  Men wizt never wher sche was become.
+
+After this fatal catastrophe, _Orfeo_, distracted for the loss of
+his queen, abandons his throne, and, with his harp, retires into a
+wilderness, where he subjects himself to every kind of austerity, and
+attracts the wild beasts by the pathetic melody of his harp. His state
+of desolation is poetically described:
+
+  He that werd the fowe and griis,
+  And on bed the purpur biis,
+  Now on bard hethe he lith.
+  With leves and gresse he him writh:
+  He that had castells and tours,
+  Rivers, forests, frith with flowrs.
+  Now thei it commence to snewe and freze,
+  This king mot make his bed in mese:
+  He that had y-had knightes of priis,
+  Bifore him kneland and leuedis,
+  Now seth he no thing that him liketh,
+  Bot wild wormes bi him striketh:
+  He that had y-had plente
+  Of mete and drinke, of ich deynte,
+  Now may he al daye digge and wrote,
+  Er he find his fille of rote.
+  In sorner he liveth bi wild fruit,
+  And verien hot gode lite.
+  In winter may he no thing find,
+  Bot rotes, grases, and the rinde.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  His here of his herd blac and rowe,
+  To his girdel stede was growe;
+  His harp, whereon was al his gle,
+  He hidde in are holwe tre:
+  And, when the weder was clere and bright,
+  He toke his harpe to him wel right,
+  And harped at his owen will,
+  Into al the wode the soun gan shill,
+  That al the wild bestes that ther beth
+  For joie abouten him thai teth;
+  And al the foules that ther wer,
+  Come and sete on ich a brere,
+  To here his harping a fine,
+  So miche melody was therein.
+
+At last he discovers, that he is not the sole inhabitant of this desart;
+for
+
+  He might se him besides
+  Oft in hot undertides,
+  The king of Fairi, with his route,
+  Come to hunt him al about,
+  With dim cri and bloweing,
+  And houndes also with him berking;
+  Ac no best thai no nome,
+  No never he nist whider thai bi come.
+  And other while he might hem se
+  As a gret ost bi him te,
+  Well atourued ten hundred knightes,
+  Ich y-armed to his rightes,
+  Of cuntenance stout and fers,
+  With mani desplaid baners;
+  And ich his sword y-drawe hold,
+  Ac never he nist whider thai wold.
+  And otherwhile he seighe other thing;
+  Knightis and lenedis com daunceing,
+  In queynt atire gisely,
+  Queyete pas and softlie:
+  Tabours and trumpes gede hem bi,
+  And al mauer menstraci.--
+  And on a day he seighe him biside,
+  Sexti leuedis on hors ride,
+  Gentil and jolif as brid on ris;
+  Nought o man amonges hem ther nis;
+  And ich a faucoun on bond bere,
+  And riden on hauken bi o river.
+  Of game thai found wel gode haunt,
+  Maulardes, hayroun, and cormoraunt;
+  The foules of the water ariseth,
+  Ich faucoun hem wele deviseth,
+  Ich fancoun his pray slough,
+  That seize Orfeo and lough.
+  "Par fay," quoth he, "there is fair game,
+  "Hider Ichil bi Godes name,
+  "Ich was y won swich work to se:"
+  He aros, and thider gan te;
+  To a leuedie hi was y-come,
+  Bihelde, and hath wel under nome,
+  And seth, bi al thing, that is
+  His owen quen, dam Heurodis;
+  Gern hi biheld her, and sche him eke,
+  Ac nouther to other a word no speke:
+  For messais that sche on him seighe,
+  That had ben so riche and so heighe,
+  The teres fel out of her eighe;
+  The other leuedis this y seighe,
+  And maked hir oway to ride,
+  Sche most with him no longer obide.
+  "Allas!" quoth he, "nowe is mi woe,
+  "Whi nil deth now me slo;
+  "Allas! to long last mi liif,
+  "When y no dare nought with mi wif,
+  "Nor hye to me o word speke;
+  "Allas whi nil miin hert breke!
+  "Par fay," quoth he, "tide what betide,
+  "Whider so this leuedis ride,
+  "The selve way Ichil streche;
+  "Of liif, no dethe, me no reche.
+
+In consequence, therefore, of this discovery _Orfeo_ pursues the hawking
+damsels, among whom he has descried his lost queen. They enter a rock,
+the king continues the pursuit, and arrives at Fairy-Land, of which the
+following very poetical description is given:
+
+  In at roche the leuedis rideth,
+  And he after and nought abideth;
+  When he was in the roche y-go,
+  Wele thre mile other mo,
+  He com into a fair cuntray,
+  As bright soonne somers day,
+  Smothe and plain and al grene,
+  Hill no dale nas none ysene,
+  Amiddle the loud a castel he seighe,
+  Rich and reale and wonder heighe;
+  Al the utmast wal
+  Was cler and schine of cristal;
+  An hundred tours ther were about,
+  Degiselich and bataild stout;
+  The butrass come out of the diche,
+  Of rede gold y-arched riche;
+  The bousour was anowed al,
+  Of ich maner deuers animal;
+  Within ther wer wide wones
+  Al of precious stones,
+  The werss piler onto biholde,
+  Was al of burnist gold:
+  Al that loud was ever light,
+  For when it schuld be therk and night,
+  The riche stonnes light gonne,
+  Bright as doth at nonne the sonne
+  No man may tel, no thenke in thought.
+  The riche werk that ther was rought.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+    Than he gan biholde about al,
+  And seighe ful liggeand with in the wal,
+  Of folk that wer thidder y-brought,
+  And thought dede and nere nought;
+  Sum stode with outen hadde;
+  And some none armes nade;
+  And sum thurch the bodi hadde wounde;
+  And sum lay wode y-bounde;
+  And sum armed on hors sete;
+  And sum astrangled as thai ete;
+  And sum war in water adreynt;
+  And sum with fire al for schreynt;
+  Wives ther lay on childe bedde;
+  Sum dede, and sum awedde;
+  And wonder fere ther lay besides,
+  Right as thai slepe her undertides;
+  Eche was thus in this warld y-nome,
+  With fairi thider y-come.[A]
+  There he seize his owhen wiif,
+  Dame Heurodis, his liif liif,
+  Slepe under an ympe tree:
+  Bi her clothes he knewe that it was he,
+    And when he had bihold this mervalis alle,
+  He went into the kinges halle;
+  Then seigh he there a semly sight,
+  A tabernacle blisseful and bright;
+  Ther in her maister king sete,
+  And her quen fair and swete;
+  Her crounes, her clothes schine so bright,
+  That unnethe bihold he hem might.
+      _Orfeo and Heurodis, MS._
+
+[Footnote A: It was perhaps from such a description that Ariosto adopted
+his idea of the Lunar Paradise, containing every thing that on earth was
+stolen or lost.]
+
+_Orfeo_, as a minstrel, so charms the Fairy King with the music of
+his harp, that he promises to grant him whatever he should ask. He
+immediately demands his lost _Heurodis_; and, returning safely with
+her to Winchester, resumes his authority; a catastrophe, less pathetic
+indeed, but more pleasing, than that of the classical story. The
+circumstances, mentioned in this romantic legend, correspond very
+exactly with popular tradition. Almost all the writers on daemonology
+mention, as a received opinion that the power of the daemons is most
+predominant at noon and midnight. The entrance to the Land of Faery is
+placed in the wilderness; a circumstance, which coincides with a passage
+in Lindsay's _Complaint of the Papingo:_
+
+  Bot sen my spreit mon from my bodye go,
+  I recommend it to the queue of Fary,
+  Eternally into her court to tarry
+  In _wilderness_ amang the holtis hair.
+      LINDSAY'S _Works_, 1592, p. 222.
+
+Chaucer also agrees, in this particular, with our romancer:
+
+  In his sadel he clombe anon,
+  And priked over stile and ston,
+   An elf quene for to espie;
+  Til he so long had riden and gone
+  That he fond in a privie wone
+   The countree of Faerie.
+
+  Wherein he soughte north and south,
+  And often spired with his mouth,
+   In many a foreste wilde;
+  For in that countree nas ther non,
+  That to him dorst ride or gon,
+   Neither wif ne childe.
+      _Rime of Sir Thopas._
+
+V. Other two causes, deeply affecting the superstition of which we
+treat, remain yet to be noticed. The first is derived from the Christian
+religion, which admits only of two classes of spirits, exclusive of the
+souls of men--Angels, namely, and Devils. This doctrine had a necessary
+tendency to abolish the distinction among subordinate spirits, which had
+been introduced by the superstitions of the Scandinavians. The existence
+of the Fairies was readily admitted; but, as they had no pretensions to
+the angelic character, they were deemed to be of infernal origin. The
+union, also, which had been formed betwixt the elves and the Pagan
+deities, was probably of disservice to the former; since every one
+knows, that the whole synod of Olympus were accounted daemons.
+
+The fulminations of the church were, therefore, early directed against
+those, who consulted or consorted with the Fairies; and, according to
+the inquisitorial logic, the innocuous choristers of Oberon and Titania
+were, without remorse, confounded with the sable inhabitants of the
+orthodox Gehennim; while the rings, which marked their revels, were
+assimilated to the blasted sward on which the witches held their
+infernal sabbath.--_Delrii Disq. Mag._ p. 179. This transformation early
+took place; for, among the many crimes for which the famous Joan of Arc
+was called upon to answer, it was not the least heinous, that she
+had frequented the Tree and Fountain, near Dompre, which formed the
+rendezvous of the Fairies, and bore their name; that she had joined in
+the festive dance with the elves, who haunted this charmed spot; had
+accepted of their magical bouquets, and availed herself of their
+talismans, for the delivery of her country.--_Vide Acta Judiciaria
+contra Johannam D'Arceam, vulgo vocutam Johanne la Pucelle._
+
+The Reformation swept away many of the corruptions of the church of
+Rome; but the purifying torrent remained itself somewhat tinctured by
+the superstitious impurities of the soil over which it had passed. The
+trials of sorcerers and witches, which disgrace our criminal records,
+become even more frequent after the Reformation of the church; as if
+human credulity, no longer amused by the miracles of Rome, had sought
+for food in the traditionary records of popular superstition. A Judaical
+observation of the precepts of the Old Testament also characterized the
+Presbyterian reformers. _"Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live,"_ was
+a text, which at once (as they conceived) authorized their belief in
+sorcery, and sanctioned the penalty which they denounced against it. The
+Fairies were, therefore, in no better credit after the Reformation than
+before, being still regarded as actual daemons, or something very little
+better. A famous divine, Doctor Jasper Brokeman, teaches us, in his
+system of divinity, "that they inhabit in those places that are polluted
+with any crying sin, as effusion of blood, or where unbelief or
+superstitione have gotten the upper hand."--_Description of Feroe._ The
+Fairies being on such bad terms with the divines, those, who pretended
+to intercourse with them, were, without scruple, punished as sorcerers;
+and such absurd charges are frequently stated as exaggerations of
+crimes, in themselves sufficiently heinous.
+
+Such is the case in the trial of the noted Major Weir, and his sister;
+where the following mummery interlards a criminal indictment, too
+infamously flagitious to be farther detailed: "9th April, 1670. Jean
+Weir, indicted of sorceries, committed by her when she lived and kept a
+school at Dalkeith: that she took employment from a woman, to speak in
+her behalf to the _Queen of Fairii, meaning the Devil_; and that another
+woman gave her a piece of a tree, or root, the next day, and did tell
+her, that as long as she kept the same, she should be able to do what
+she pleased; and that same woman, from whom she got the tree, caused her
+spread a cloth before her door, and set her foot upon it, and to repeat
+thrice, in the posture foresaid, these words, _'All her losses and
+crosses go alongst to the doors,'_ which was truly a consulting with the
+devil, and an act of sorcery, &c. That after the spirit, in the shape of
+a woman, who gave her the piece of tree, had removed, she, addressing
+herself to spinning, and having spun but a short time, found more
+yarn upon the pirn than could possibly have come there by good
+means."[A]--_Books of Adjournal._
+
+[Footnote A: It is observed in the record, that Major Weir, a man of
+the most vicious character, was at the same time ambitious of appearing
+eminently godly; and used to frequent the beds of sick persons, to
+assist them with his prayers. On such occasions, he put to his mouth
+a long staff, which he usually carried, and expressed himself with
+uncommon energy and fluency, of which he was utterly incapable when the
+inspiring rod was withdrawn. This circumstance, the result, probably, of
+a trick or habit, appearing suspicious to the judges, the staff of the
+sorcerer was burned along with his person. One hundred and thirty years
+have elapsed since his execution, yet no one has, during that space,
+ventured to inhabit the house of this celebrated criminal.]
+
+Neither was the judgment of the criminal court of Scotland less severe
+against another familiar of the Fairies, whose supposed correspondence
+with the court of Elfland seems to have constituted the sole crime, for
+which she was burned alive. Her name was Alison Pearson, and she seems
+to have been a very noted person. In a bitter satire against Adamson,
+Bishop of St Andrews, he is accused of consulting with sorcerers,
+particularly with this very woman; and an account is given of her
+travelling through Breadalbane, in the company of the Queen of Faery,
+and of her descrying, in the court of Elfland, many persons, who had
+been supposed at rest in the peaceful grave.[A] Among these we find two
+remarkable personages; the secretary, young Maitland of Lethington, and
+one of the old lairds of Buccleuch. The cause of their being stationed
+in Elfland probably arose from the manner of their decease; which, being
+uncommon and violent, caused the vulgar to suppose that they had been
+abstracted by the Fairies. Lethington, as is generally supposed, died a
+Roman death during his imprisonment in Leith; and the Buccleuch, whom I
+believe to be here meant, was slain in a nocturnal scuffle by the Kerrs,
+his hereditary enemies. Besides, they were both attached to the cause
+of Queen Mary, and to the ancient religion; and were thence, probably,
+considered as more immediately obnoxious to the assaults of the powers
+of darkness.[B] The indictment of Alison Pearson notices her intercourse
+with the Archbishop of St Andrews, and contains some particulars, worthy
+of notice, regarding the court of Elfland. It runs thus: "28th May,
+1586. Alison Pearson, in Byrehill, convicted of witchcraft, and of
+consulting with evil spirits, in the form of one Mr William Simpsone,
+her cosin, who she affirmed was a gritt schollar, and doctor of
+medicine, that healed her of her diseases when she was twelve years of
+age; having lost the power of her syde, and having a familiaritie with
+him for divers years, dealing with charms, and abuseing the common
+people by her arts of witchcraft, thir divers years by-past.
+
+[Footnote A:
+
+  For oght the kirk culd him forbid,
+  He sped him sone, and gat the thrid;
+  Ane carling of the quene of Phareis,
+  That ewill win geir to elpliyne careis;
+  Through all Brade Abane scho has bene,
+  On horsbak on Hallow ewin;
+  And ay in seiking certayne nightis,
+  As scho sayis with sur silly wychirs:
+  And names out nybours sex or sewin,
+  That we belevit had bene in heawin;
+  Scho said scho saw theme weill aneugh,
+  And speciallie gude auld Balcleuch,
+  The secretar, and sundrie uther:
+  Ane William Symsone, her mother brother,
+  Whom fra scho has resavit a buike
+  For ony herb scho likes to luke;
+  It will instruct her how to tak it,
+  In saws and sillubs how to mak it;
+  With stones that meikle mair can doe,
+  In leich craft, where scho lays them toe:
+  A thousand maladeis scho hes mendit;
+  Now being tane, and apprehendit,
+  Scho being in the bischopis cure,
+  And keipit in his castle sure,
+  Without respect of worldlie glamer,
+  He past into the witches chalmer.
+      _Scottish Poems of XVI. Century,_ Edin. 1801,
+      Vol. II, p. 320.]
+
+[Footnote B: Buccleuch was a violent enemy to the English, by whom his
+lands had been repeatedly plundered (See _Introduction,_ p. xxvi), and
+a great advocate for the marriage betwixt Mary and the dauphin, 1549.
+According to John Knox, he had recourse even to threats, in urging the
+parliament to agree to the French match. "The laird of Buccleuch," says
+the Reformer, "a bloody man, with many Gods wounds, swore, they that
+would not consent should do worse."]
+
+"_Item,_ For banting and repairing with the gude neighbours, and queene
+of Elfland, thir divers years by-past, as she had confest; and that she
+had friends in that court, which were of her own blude, who had gude
+acquaintance of the queene of Elfland, which might have helped her; but
+she was whiles well, and whiles ill, sometimes with them, a'nd other
+times away frae them; and that she would be in her bed haille and feire,
+and would not wytt where she would be the morn; and that she saw not the
+queene this seven years, and that she was seven years ill handled in the
+court of Elfland; that, however, she kad gude friends there, and that
+it was the gude neighbours that healed her, under God; and that she was
+comeing and going to St Andrews to haile folkes thir many years past.
+
+"_Item,_ Convict of the said act of witchcraft, in as far as she confest
+that the said Mr William Sympsoune, who was her guidsir sone, born in
+Stirleing, who was the king's smith, who, when about eight years of age,
+was taken away by ane Egyptian to Egypt; which Egyptian was a gyant,
+where he remained twelve years, "and then came home.
+
+"_Item,_ That she being in Grange Muir, with some other folke, she,
+being sick, lay downe; and, when alone, there came a man to her, clad in
+green, who said to her, if she would be faithful, he would do her good;
+but she, being feared, cried out, but naebodye came to her; so she said,
+if he came in God's name, and for the gude of her saule, it was well;
+but he gaid away: that he appeared to her another tyme like a lustie
+man, and many men and women with him; that, at seeing him, she signed
+herself and prayed, and past with them, and saw them making merrie with
+pypes, and gude cheir and wine, and that she was carried with them; and
+that when she telled any of these things, she was sairlie tormentit by
+them; and that the first time she gaed with them, she gat a sair straike
+frae one of them, which took all the _poustie_[A] of her syde frae her,
+and left ane ill-far'd mark on her syde.
+
+"_Item,_ That she saw the gude neighbours make their sawes[B] with panns
+and fyres, and that they gathered the herbs before the sun was up, and
+they came verie fearful sometimes to her, and flaide[C] her very sair,
+which made her cry, and threatened they would use her worse than before;
+and, at last, they took away the power of her haile syde frae her, which
+made her lye many weeks. Sometimes they would come and sitt by her, and
+promise all that she should never want if she would be faithful, but if
+she would speak and telle of them, they should murther her; and that Mr
+William Sympsoune is with them, who healed her, and telt her all things;
+that he is a young man not six years older than herself, and that he
+will appear to her before the court comes; that he told her he was taken
+away by them, and he bidd her sign herself that she be not taken away,
+for the teind of them are tane to hell everie year.
+
+[Footnote A: _Poustie_--Power.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Sawes_--Salves.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Flaide_--Scared.]
+
+"_Item,_ That the said Mr William told her what herbs were fit to cure
+every disease, and how to use them; and particularlie tauld, that the
+Bishop of St Andrews laboured under sindrie diseases, sic as the riples,
+trembling, feaver, flux, &c. and bade her make a sawe, and anoint
+several parts of his body therewith, and gave directions for making a
+posset, which she made and gave him."
+
+For this idle story the poor woman actually suffered death. Yet,
+notwithstanding the fervent arguments thus liberally used by the
+orthodox, the common people, though they dreaded even to think or speak
+about the Fairies, by no means unanimously acquiesced in the doctrine,
+which consigned them to eternal perdition. The inhabitants of the Isle
+of Man call them the "_good people_, and say they live in wilds, and
+forests, and on mountains, and shun great cities, because of the
+wickedness acted therein: all the houses are blessed where they visit,
+for they fly vice. A person would be thought impudently prophane who
+should suffer his family to go to bed, without having first set a tub,
+or pail, full of clean water, for those guests to bathe themselves in,
+which the natives aver they constantly do, as soon as ever the eyes of
+the family are closed, wherever they vouchsafe to come."--WALDREN's
+_Works_, p. 126. There are some curious, and perhaps anomalous facts,
+concerning the history of Fairies, in a sort of Cock-lane narrative,
+contained in a letter from Moses Pitt, to Dr Edward Fowler, Lord Bishop
+of Gloucester, printed at London in 1696, and preserved in Morgan's
+_Phoenix Britannicus,_ 4to, London 1732.
+
+Anne Jefferies was born in the parish of St Teath, in the county of
+Cornwall, in 1626. Being the daughter of a poor man, she resided as
+servant in the house of the narrator's father, and waited upon the
+narrator himself, in his childhood. As she was knitting stockings in an
+arbour of the garden, "six small people, all in green clothes," came
+suddenly over the garden wall; at the sight of whom, being much
+frightened, she was seized with convulsions, and continued so long sick,
+that she became as a changeling, and was unable to walk. During her
+sickness, she frequently exclaimed, "They are just gone out of the
+window! they are just gone out of the window! do you not see them?"
+These expressions, as she afterwards declared, related to their
+disappearing. During the harvest, when every one was employed, her
+mistress walked out; and dreading that Anne, who was extremely weak
+and silly, might injure herself, or the house, by the fire, with some
+difficulty persuaded her to walk in the orchard till her return. She
+accidentally hurt her leg, and, at her return, Anne cured it, by
+stroking it with her hand. She appeared to be informed of every
+particular, and asserted, that she had this information from the
+Fairies, who had caused the misfortune. After this, she performed
+numerous cures, but would never receive money for them. From harvest
+time to Christmas, she was fed by the Fairies, and eat no other victuals
+but theirs. The narrator affirms, that, looking one day through the
+key-hole of the door of her chamber, he saw her eating; and that she
+gave him a piece of bread, which was the most delicious he ever tasted.
+The Fairies always appeared to her in even numbers; never less than two,
+nor more than eight, at a time. She had always a sufficient stock of
+salves and medicines, and yet neither made, nor purchased any; nor did
+she ever appear to be in want of money. She, one day, gave a silver cup,
+containing about a quart, to the daughter of her mistress, a girl about
+four years old, to carry to her mother, who refused to receive it. The
+narrator adds, that he had seen her dancing in the orchard among the
+trees, and that she informed him she was then dancing with the Fairies.
+The report of the strange cures which she performed, soon attracted the
+attention of both ministers and magistrates. The ministers endeavoured
+to persuade her, that the Fairies by which she was haunted, were evil
+spirits, and that she was under the delusion of the devil. After they
+had left her, she was visited by the Fairies, while in great perplexity;
+who desired her to cause those, who termed them evil spirits, to
+read that place of scripture, _First Epistle of John,_, chap. iv. v.
+1,--_Dearly beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits,
+whether they are of God,_ &c. Though Anne Jefferies could not read, she
+produced a Bible folded down at this passage. By the magistrates she was
+confined three months, without food, in Bodmin jail, and afterwards
+for some time in the house of Justice Tregeagle. Before the constable
+appeared to apprehend her, she was visited by the Fairies, who informed
+her what was intended, and advised her to go with him. When this account
+was given, on May 1, 1696, she was still alive; but refused to relate
+any particulars of her connection with the Fairies, or the occasion on
+which they deserted her, lest she should again fall under the cognizance
+of the magistrates.
+
+Anne Jefferies' Fairies were not altogether singular in maintaining
+their good character, in opposition to the received opinion of the
+church. Aubrey and Lily, unquestionably judges in such matters, had
+a high opinion of these beings, if we may judge from the following
+succinct and business-like memorandum of a ghost-seer. "Anno 1670. Not
+far from Cirencester was an apparition. Being demanded whether a good
+spirit or a bad, returned no answer, but disappeared with a curious
+perfume, and most melodious twang. M.W. Lilly believes it was a Fairie.
+So Propertius,
+
+  Omnia finierat; tenues secessit in auras,
+  Mansit odor possis scire fuisse Deam!"
+      AUBREY'S _Miscellanies,_ p. 80.
+
+A rustic, also, whom Jackson taxed with magical practices, about 1620,
+obstinately denied that the good King of the Fairies had any connection
+with the devil; and some of the Highland seers, even in our day,
+have boasted of their intimacy with the elves, as an innocent and
+advantageous connection. One Maccoan, in Appin, the last person
+eminently gifted with the second sight, professed to my learned and
+excellent friend, Mr Ramsay, of Ochtertyre, that he owed his prophetic
+visions to their intervention.
+
+VI. There remains yet another cause to be noticed, which seems to have
+induced a considerable alteration into the popular creed of England,
+respecting Fairies. Many poets of the sixteenth century, and, above all,
+our immortal Shakespeare, deserting the hackneyed fictions of Greece and
+Rome, sought for machinery in the superstitions of their native country.
+"The fays, which nightly dance upon the wold," were an interesting
+subject; and the creative imagination of the bard, improving upon the
+vulgar belief, assigned to them many of those fanciful attributes and
+occupations, which posterity have since associated with the name
+of Fairy. In such employments, as rearing the drooping flower, and
+arranging the disordered chamber, the Fairies of South Britain gradually
+lost the harsher character of the dwarfs, or elves. Their choral dances
+were enlivened by the introduction of the merry goblin _Puck_,[A]
+for whose freakish pranks they exchanged their original mischievous
+propensities. The Fairies of Shakespeare, Drayton, and Mennis,
+therefore, at first exquisite fancy portraits, may be considered as
+having finally operated a change in the original which gave them
+birth.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: Robin Goodfellow, or Hobgoblin, possesses the frolicksome
+qualities of the French _Lutin_. For his full character, the reader is
+referred to the _Reliques of Ancient Poetry_. The proper livery of this
+sylvan Momus is to be found in an old play. "Enter Robin Goodfellow, in
+a suit of leather, close to his body, his hands and face coloured russet
+colour, with a flail."--_Grim, the Collier of Croydon, Act 4, Scene 1._
+At other times, however, he is presented in the vernal livery of the
+elves, his associates:
+
+  _Tim._ "I have made
+  "Some speeches, sir, ill verse, which have been spoke
+  "By a _green Robin Goodfellow_, from Cheapside conduit,
+  "To my father's company."
+      _The City Match, Act I, Scene 6._]
+
+[Footnote B: The Fairy land, and Fairies of Spenser, have no connection
+with popular superstition, being only words used to denote an Utopian
+scene of action, and imaginary or allegorical characters; and the title
+of the "Fairy Queen" being probably suggested by the elfin mistress of
+Chaucer's _Sir Thopas_. The stealing of the Red Cross Knight, while a
+child, is the only incident in the poem which approaches to the popular
+character of the Fairy:
+
+  --A Fairy thee unweeting reft;
+  There as thou sleptst in tender swadling band,
+  And her base elfin brood there for thee left:
+  Such men do changelings call, so chang'd by Fairies theft.
+      _Book I. Canto_ 10.]
+
+While the fays of South Britain received such attractive and poetical
+embellishments, those of Scotland, who possessed no such advantage,
+retained more of their ancient, and appropriate character. Perhaps,
+also, the persecution which these sylvan deities underwent, at the
+instance of the stricter presbyterian clergy, had its usual effect, in
+hardening their dispositions, or at least in rendering them more dreaded
+by those among whom they dwelt. The face of the country, too, might
+have some effect; as we should naturally attribute a less malicious
+disposition, and a less frightful appearance, to the fays who glide by
+moon-light through the oaks of Windsor, than to those who haunt the
+solitary heaths and lofty mountains of the North. The fact at least is
+certain; and it has not escaped a late ingenious traveller, that the
+character of the Scottish Fairy is more harsh and terrific than that
+which is ascribed to the elves of our sister kingdom.--See STODDART'S
+_View of Scenery and Manners in Scotland._
+
+The Fairies of Scotland are represented as a diminutive race of beings,
+of a mixed, or rather dubious nature, capricious in their dispositions,
+and mischievous in their resentment. They inhabit the interior of green
+hills, chiefly those of a conical form, in Gaelic termed _Sighan_, on
+which they lead their dances by moon-light; impressing upon the surface
+the mark of circles, which sometimes appear yellow and blasted,
+sometimes of a deep green hue; and within which it is dangerous to
+sleep, or to be found after sun-set. The removal of those large portions
+of turf, which thunderbolts sometimes scoop out of the ground with
+singular regularity, is also ascribed to their agency. Cattle, which are
+suddenly seized with the cramp, or some similar disorder, are said to be
+_elf-shot_; and the approved cure is, to chafe the parts affected with
+a blue bonnet, which, it may be readily believed, often restores the
+circulation. The triangular flints, frequently found in Scotland, with
+which the ancient inhabitants probably barbed their shafts, are supposed
+to be the weapons of Fairy resentment, and are termed _elf-arrow heads_.
+The rude brazen battle-axes of the ancients, commonly called _celts_,
+are also ascribed to their manufacture. But, like the Gothic duergar,
+their skill is not confined to the fabrication of arms; for they are
+heard sedulously hammering in linns, precipices, and rocky or cavernous
+situations where, like the dwarfs of the mines, mentioned by Georg.
+Agricola, they busy themselves in imitating the actions and the various
+employments of men. The brook of Beaumont, for example, which passes,
+in its course, by numerous linns and caverns, is notorious for being
+haunted by the Fairies; and the perforated and rounded stones, which are
+formed by trituration in its channel, are termed, by the vulgar, fairy
+cups and dishes. A beautiful reason is assigned, by Fletcher, for the
+fays frequenting streams and fountains. He tells us of
+
+  A virtuous well, about whose flowery banks
+  The nimble-footed Fairies dance their rounds,
+  By the pale moon-shine, dipping oftentimes
+  Their stolen children, so to make them free
+  From dying flesh, and dull mortality.
+      _Faithful Shepherdess._
+
+It is sometimes accounted unlucky to pass such places, without
+performing some ceremony to avert the displeasure of the elves. There
+is, upon the top of Minchmuir, a mountain in Peebles-shire, a spring,
+called the _Cheese Well_, because, anciently, those who passed that way
+were wont to throw into it a piece of cheese, as an offering to the
+Fairies, to whom it was consecrated.
+
+Like the _feld elfen_ of the Saxons, the usual dress of the Fairies
+is green; though, on the moors, they have been sometimes observed in
+heath-brown, or in weeds dyed with the stoneraw, or lichen.[A] They
+often ride in invisible procession, when their presence is discovered by
+the shrill ringing of their bridles. On these occasions, they sometimes
+borrow mortal steeds; and when such are found at morning, panting and
+fatigued in their stalls, with their manes and tails dishevelled and
+entangled, the grooms, I presume, often find this a convenient excuse
+for their situation; as the common belief of the elves quaffing the
+choicest liquors in the cellars of the rich (see the story of Lord
+Duffus below), might occasionally cloak the delinquencies of an
+unfaithful butler.
+
+[Footnote A: Hence the hero of the ballad is termed an "elfin grey."]
+
+The Fairies, beside their equestrian processions, are addicted it would
+seem, to the pleasures of the chace. A young sailor, travelling by night
+from Douglas, in the Isle of Man, to visit his sister, residing in Kirk
+Merlugh, heard the noise of horses, the holla of a huntsman, and the
+sound of a horn. Immediately afterwards, thirteen horsemen, dressed in
+green, and gallantly mounted, swept past him. Jack was so much delighted
+with the sport, that he followed them, and enjoyed the sound of the horn
+for some miles; and it was not till he arrived at his sister's house
+that he learned the danger which he had incurred. I must not omit to
+mention, that these little personages are expert jockeys, and scorn to
+ride the little Manks ponies, though apparently well suited to their
+size. The exercise therefore, falls heavily upon the English and Irish
+horses brought into the Isle of Man. Mr Waldron was assured by a
+gentleman of Ballafletcher, that he had lost three or four capital
+hunters by these nocturnal excursions.--WALDRON'S _Works_, p. 132.
+From the same author we learn, that the Fairies sometimes take more
+legitimate modes of procuring horses. A person of the utmost integrity
+informed him, that, having occasion to sell a horse, he was accosted
+among the mountains by a little gentleman plainly dressed, who priced
+his horse, cheapened him, and, after some chaffering, finally purchased
+him. No sooner had the buyer mounted, and paid the price, than, he sunk
+through the earth, horse and man, to the astonishment and terror of the
+seller; who experienced, however, no inconvenience from dealing with so
+extraordinary a purchaser.--_Ibid._ p. 135.
+
+It is hoped the reader will receive, with due respect, these, and
+similar stories, told by Mr Waldron; for he himself, a scholar and a
+gentleman, informs us, "as to circles in grass, and the impression
+of small feet among the snow, I cannot deny but I have seen them
+frequently, and once thought I heard a whistle, as though in my ear,
+when nobody that could make it was near me." In this passage there is a
+curious picture of the contagious effects of a superstitious atmosphere.
+Waldron had lived so long among the Manks, that he was almost persuaded
+to believe their legends.
+
+From the _History of the Irish Bards_, by Mr Walker, and from the
+glossary subjoined to the lively and ingenious _Tale of Castle
+Rackrent_, we learn, that the same ideas, concerning Fairies, are
+current among the vulgar in that country. The latter authority mentions
+their inhabiting the ancient tumuli, called _Barrows_, and their
+abstracting mortals. They are termed "the good people;" and when an eddy
+of wind raises loose dust and sand, the vulgar believe that it announces
+a Fairy procession, and bid God speed their journey.
+
+The Scottish Fairies, in like manner, sometimes reside in subterranean
+abodes, in the vicinity of human habitations or, according to the
+popular phrase, under the "door-stane," or threshold; in which
+situation, they sometimes establish an intercourse with men, by
+borrowing and lending, and other kindly offices. In this capacity they
+are termed "the good neighbours,"[A] from supplying privately the wants
+of their friends, and assisting them in all their transactions, while
+their favours are concealed. Of this the traditionary story of Sir
+Godfrey Macculloch forms a curious example.
+
+[Footnote A: Perhaps this epithet is only one example, among many, of
+the extreme civility which the vulgar in Scotland use towards spirits of
+a, dubious, or even a determinedly mischievous, nature. The archfiend
+himself is often distinguished by the softened title of the "good-man."
+This epithet, so applied, must sound strange to a southern ear; but, as
+the phrase bears various interpretations, according to the places where
+it is used, so, in the Scottish dialect, the _good-man of such a place_
+signifies the tenant, or life-renter, in opposition to the laird, or
+proprietor. Hence, the devil is termed the good-man, or tenant, of the
+infernal regions. In the book of the Universal Kirk, 13th May, 1594,
+mention is made of "the horrible superstitioune usit in Garioch, and
+dyvers parts of the countrie, in not labouring a parcel of ground
+dedicated to the devil, under the title of the _Guid-man's Croft_." Lord
+Hailes conjectured this to have been the _tenenos_ adjoining to some
+ancient Pagan temple. The unavowed, but obvious, purpose of this
+practice, was to avert the destructive rage of Satan from the
+neighbouring possessions. It required various fulminations of the
+General Assembly of the Kirk to abolish a practice bordering so nearly
+upon the doctrine of the Magi.]
+
+As this Gallovidian gentleman was taking the air on horseback, near his
+own house, he was suddenly accosted by a little old man, arrayed in
+green, and mounted upon a white palfrey. After mutual salutation, the
+old man gave Sir Godfrey to understand, that he resided under his
+habitation, and that he had great reason to complain of the direction of
+a drain, or common sewer, which emptied itself directly into his chamber
+of dais, [A] Sir Godfrey Macculloch was a good deal startled at this
+extraordinary complaint; but, guessing the nature of the being he had
+to deal with, he assured the old man, with great courtesy, that the
+direction of the drain should be altered; and caused it be done
+accordingly. Many years afterwards, Sir Godfrey had the misfortune to
+kill, in a fray, a gentleman of the neighbourhood. He was apprehended,
+tried, and condemned.[B] The scaffold, upon which his head was to be
+struck off, was erected on the Castle-hill of Edinburgh; but hardly had
+he reached the fatal spot, when the old man, upon his white palfrey,
+pressed through the crowd, with the rapidity of lightning. Sir Godfrey,
+at his command, sprung on behind him; the "good neighbour" spurred his
+horse down the steep bank, and neither he nor the criminal were ever
+again seen.
+
+[Footnote A: The best chamber was thus currently denominated in
+Scotland, from the French _dais_, signifying that part of the ancient
+halls which was elevated above the rest, and covered with a canopy.
+The turf-seats, which occupy the sunny side of a cottage wall, is also
+termed the _dais_.]
+
+[Footnote B: In this particular, tradition coincides with the real fact;
+the trial took place in 1697.]
+
+The most formidable attribute of the elves, was their practice of
+carrying away, and exchanging, children; and that of stealing human
+souls from their bodies. "A persuasion prevails among the ignorant,"
+says the author of a MS. history of Moray, "that, in a consumptive
+disease, the Fairies steal away the soul, and put the soul of a Fairy in
+the room of it." This belief prevails chiefly along the eastern coast of
+Scotland, where a practice, apparently of druidical origin, is used to
+avert the danger. In the increase of the March moon, withies of oak and
+ivy are cut, and twisted into wreaths or circles, which they preserve
+till next March. After that period, when persons are consumptive, or
+children hectic, they cause them to pass thrice through these circles.
+In other cases the cure was more rough, and at least as dangerous as the
+disease, as will appear from the following extract:
+
+"There is one thing remarkable in this parish of Suddie (in
+Inverness-shire), which I think proper to mention. There is a small hill
+N.W. from the church, commonly called Therdy Hill, or Hill of Therdie,
+as some term it; on the top of which there is a well, which I had the
+curiosity to view, because of the several reports concerning it. When
+children happen to be sick, and languish long in their malady, so that
+they almost turned skeletons, the common people imagine they are taken
+away (at least the substance) by spirits, called Fairies, and the shadow
+left with them; so, at a particular season in summer, they leave them
+all night themselves, watching at a distance, near this well, and this
+they imagine will either _end or mend them_; they say many more do
+recover than do not. Yea, an honest tenant who lives hard by it, and
+whom I had the curiosity to discourse about it, told me it has recovered
+some, who were about eight or nine years of age, and to his certain
+knowledge they bring adult persons to it; for, as he was passing one
+dark night, he heard groanings, and coming to the well, he found a man,
+who had been long sick, wrapped in a plaid, so that he could scarcely
+move, a stake being fixed in the earth, with a rope, or tedder, that was
+about the plaid; he had no sooner enquired what he was, but he conjured
+him to loose him, and out of sympathy he was pleased to slacken that,
+wherein he was, as I may so speak, swaddled; but, if I right remember,
+he signified, he did not recover."--_Account of the Parish of Suddie,_
+apud _Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+According to the earlier doctrine, concerning the original corruption of
+human nature, the power of daemons over infants had been long reckoned
+considerable, in the period intervening between birth and baptism.
+During this period, therefore, children were believed to be particularly
+liable to abstraction by the Fairies, and mothers chiefly dreaded the
+substitution of changelings in the place of their own offspring. Various
+monstrous charms existed in Scotland, for procuring the restoration of a
+child, which had been thus stolen; but the most efficacious of them was
+supposed to be, the roasting of the suppositious child upon the live
+embers, when it was believed it would vanish, and the true child appear
+in the place, whence it had been originally abstracted.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: Less perilous recipes were sometimes used. The editor is
+possessed of a small relique, termed by tradition a toad-stone, the
+influence of which was supposed to preserve pregnant women from the
+power of daemons, and other dangers incidental to their situation. It
+has been carefully preserved for several generations, was often pledged
+for considerable sums of money, and uniformly redeemed, from a belief in
+its efficacy.]
+
+The most minute and authenticated account of an exchanged child is to be
+found in Waldron's _Isle of Man_, a book from which I have derived much
+legendary information. "I was prevailed upon myself," says that author,
+"to go and see a child, who, they told me, was one of these changelings,
+and, indeed, must own, was not a little surprised, as well as shocked,
+at the sight. Nothing under heaven could have a more beautiful face;
+but, though between five and six years old, and seemingly healthy, he
+was so far from being able to walk or stand, that he could not so much
+as move any one joint; his limbs were vastly long for his age, but
+smaller than any infant's of six months; his complexion was perfectly
+delicate, and he had the finest hair in the world. He never spoke nor
+cried, ate scarce any thing, and was very seldom seen to smile; but if
+any one called him a _fairy-elf_, he would frown, and fix his eyes so
+earnestly on those who said it, as if he would look them through. His
+mother, or at least his supposed mother, being very poor, frequently
+went out a chareing, and left him a whole day together. The neighbours,
+out of curiosity, have often looked in at the window, to see how he
+behaved while alone; which, whenever they did, they were sure to find
+him laughing, and in the utmost delight. This made them judge that he
+was not without company, more pleasing to him than any mortals could be;
+and what made this conjecture seem the more reasonable, was, that if he
+were left ever so dirty, the woman, at her return, saw him with a clean
+face, and his hair combed with the utmost exactness and nicety." P. 128.
+
+Waldron gives another account of a poor woman, to whose offspring, it
+would seem, the Fairies had taken a special fancy. A few nights after
+she was delivered of her first child, the family were alarmed by a
+dreadful cry of "Fire!" All flew to the door, while the mother lay
+trembling in bed, unable to protect her infant, which was snatched from
+the bed by an invisible hand. Fortunately the return of the gossips,
+after the causeless alarm, disturbed the Fairies, who dropped the child,
+which was found sprawling and shrieking upon the threshold. At the good
+woman's second _accouchement_, a tumult was heard in the cow-house,
+which drew thither the whole assistants. They returned, when they found
+that all was quiet among the cattle, and lo! the second child had been
+carried from the bed, and dropped in the middle of the lane. But, upon
+the third occurrence of the same kind, the company were again decoyed
+out of the sick woman's chamber by a false alarm, leaving only a nurse,
+who was detained by the bonds of sleep. On this last occasion, the
+mother plainly saw her child removed, though the means were invisible.
+She screamed for assistance to the nurse; but the old lady had partaken
+too deeply of the cordials which circulate on such joyful occasions, to
+be easily awakened. In short, the child was this time fairly carried
+off, and a withered, deformed creature, left in its stead, quite naked,
+with the clothes of the abstracted infant, rolled in a bundle, by its
+side. This creature lived nine years, ate nothing but a few herbs,
+and neither spoke, stood, walked nor performed any other functions
+of mortality; resembling, in all respects, the changeling already
+mentioned.--WALDRON'S _Works, ibid._
+
+But the power of the Fairies was not confined to unchristened children
+alone; it was supposed frequently to extend to full grown persons,
+especially such as, in an unlucky hour, were devoted to the devil by the
+execration of parents, and of masters;[A] or those who were found asleep
+under a rock, or on a green hill, belonging to the Fairies, after
+sun-set; or, finally, to those who unwarily joined their orgies. A
+tradition existed, during the seventeenth century, concerning an
+ancestor of the noble family of Duffus, who, "walking abroad in the
+fields, near to his own house, was suddenly carried away, and found the
+next day at Paris, in the French king's cellar, with a silver cup in his
+hand. Being brought into the king's presence, and questioned by him who
+he was, and how he came thither, he told his name, his country, and the
+place of his residence; and that, on such a day of the month, which
+proved to be the day immediately preceding, being in the fields, he
+heard the noise of a whirlwind, and of voices, crying, _'Horse and
+Hattock!'_ (this is the word which the Fairies are said to use when they
+remove from any place), whereupon he cried, _'Horse and Hattock'_ also,
+and was immediately caught up, and transported through the air, by the
+Fairies, to that place, where, after he had drunk heartily, he fell
+asleep, and, before he woke, the rest of the company were gone, and had
+left him in the posture wherein he was found. It is said the king gave
+him the cup, which was found in his hand, and dismissed him." The
+narrator affirms, "that the cup was still preserved, and known by the
+name of the _Fairy cup_." He adds, that Mr Steward, tutor to the then
+Lord Duffus, had informed him, "that, when a boy, at the school of
+Forres, he, and his school-fellows, were upon a time whipping their tops
+in the church-yard, before the door of the church, when, though the day
+was calm, they heard a noise of a wind, and at some distance saw
+the small dust begin to rise and turn round, which motion continued
+advancing till it came to the place where they were, whereupon they
+began to bless themselves; but one of their number being, it seems, a
+little more bold and confident than his companions, said, _'Horse and
+Hattock, with my top,'_ and immediately they all saw the top lifted up
+from the ground, but could not see which way it was carried, by reason
+of a cloud of dust which was raised at the same time. They sought for
+the top all about the place where it was taken up, but in vain; and
+it was found afterwards in the church-yard, on the other side of the
+church."--This puerile legend is contained in a letter from a learned
+gentleman in Scotland, to Mr Aubrey, dated 15th March, 1695, published
+in AUBREY'S _Miscellanies,_ p. 158.
+
+[Footnote A: This idea is not peculiar to the Gothic tribes, but extends
+to those of Sclavic origin. Tooke (_History of Russia,_ Vol. I. p.
+100) relates, that the Russian peasants believe the nocturnal daemon,
+_Kikimora_, to have been a child, whom the devil stole out of the womb
+of its mother, because she had cursed it. They also assert, that if
+an execration against a child be spoken in an evil hour, the child is
+carried off by the devil. The beings, so stolen, are neither fiends nor
+men; they are invisible, and afraid of the cross and holy water; but, on
+the other hand, in their nature and dispositions they resemble mankind,
+whom they love, and rarely injure.]
+
+Notwithstanding the special example of Lord Duffus, and of the top, it
+is the common opinion, that persons, falling under the power of the
+Fairies, were only allowed to revisit the haunts of men, after
+seven years had expired. At the end of seven years more, they again
+disappeared, after which they were seldom seen among mortals. The
+accounts they gave of their situation, differ in some particulars.
+Sometimes they were represented as leading a life of constant
+restlessness, and wandering by moon-light. According to others, they
+inhabited a pleasant region, where, however, their situation was
+rendered horrible, by the sacrifice of one or more individuals to the
+devil, every seventh year. This circumstance is mentioned in Alison
+Pearson's indictment, and in the _Tale of the Young Tamlane,_ where
+it is termed, "the paying the kane to hell," or, according to some
+recitations, "the teind," or tenth. This is the popular reason assigned
+for the desire of the Fairies to abstract young children, as substitutes
+for themselves in this dreadful tribute. Concerning the mode of winning,
+or recovering, persons abstracted by the Fairies, tradition differs; but
+the popular opinion, contrary to what may be inferred from the following
+tale, supposes, that the recovery must be effected within a year and a
+day, to be held legal in the Fairy court. This feat, which was reckoned
+an enterprize of equal difficulty and danger, could only be accomplished
+on Hallowe'en, at the great annual procession of the Fairy court.[A]
+Of this procession the following description is found in Montgomery's
+_Flyting against Polwart,_ apud _Watson's Collection of Scots Poems,_
+1709, Part III. p. 12.
+
+  In the hinder end of harvest, on All-hallowe'en,
+    When our _good neighbours_ dois ride, if I read right.
+  Some buckled on a bunewand, and some on a been,
+    Ay trottand in tronps from the twilight;
+  Some saidled a she-ape, all grathed into green,
+    Some hobland on a hemp-stalk, hovand to the hight;
+  The king of Pharie and his court, with the Elf queen,
+    With many elfish incubus was ridand that night.
+  There an elf on an ape, an unsel begat.
+    Into a pot by Pomathorne;
+    That bratchart in a busse was born;
+    They fand a monster on the morn,
+  War faced nor a cat.
+
+[Footnote A: See the inimitable poem of Hallowe'en:--
+
+  "Upon that night, when Fairies light
+    On Cassilis Downan dance;
+  Or o'er the leas, in splendid blaze,
+    On stately coursers prance," &c.    _Burns._]
+
+The catastrophe of _Tamlane_ terminated more successfully than that of
+other attempts, which tradition still records. The wife of a farmer in
+Lothian had been carried off by the Fairies, and, during the year of
+probation, repeatedly appeared on Sunday, in the midst of her children,
+combing their hair. On one of these occasions she was accosted by
+her husband; when she related to him the unfortunate event which had
+separated them, instructed him by what means he might win her, and
+exhorted him to exert all his courage, since her temporal and eternal
+happiness depended on the success of his attempt. The farmer, who
+ardently loved his wife, set out on Hallow-e'en and, in the midst of a
+plot of furze, waited impatiently for the procession of the Fairies. At
+the ringing of the Fairy bridles, and the wild unearthly sound which
+accompanied the cavalcade, his heart failed him, and he suffered the
+ghostly train to pass by without interruption. When the last had rode
+past, the whole troop vanished, with loud shouts of laughter and
+exultation; among which he plainly discovered the voice of his wife,
+lamenting that he had lost her for ever.
+
+A similar, but real incident, took place at the town of North Berwick,
+within the memory of man. The wife of a man, above the lowest class of
+society, being left alone in the house, a few days after delivery, was
+attacked and carried off by one of those convulsion fits, incident to
+her situation. Upon the return of the family, who had been engaged in
+hay-making, or harvest, they found the corpse much disfigured. This
+circumstance, the natural consequence of her disease, led some of the
+spectators to think that she had been carried off by the Fairies,
+and that the body before them was some elfin deception. The husband,
+probably, paid little attention to this opinion at the time. The body
+was interred, and, after a decent time had elapsed, finding his domestic
+affairs absolutely required female superintendence, the widower paid
+his addresses to a young woman in the neighbourhood. The recollection,
+however, of his former wife, whom he had tenderly loved, haunted his
+slumbers; and, one morning, he came to the clergyman of the parish in
+the utmost dismay, declaring, that she had appeared to him the preceding
+night, informed him that she was a captive in Fairy Land, and conjured
+him to attempt her deliverance. She directed him to bring the minister,
+and certain other persons, whom she named, to her grave at midnight. Her
+body was then to be dug up, and certain prayers recited; after which the
+corpse was to become animated, and fly from them. One of the assistants,
+the swiftest runner in the parish, was to pursue the body; and, if he
+was able to seize it, before it had thrice encircled the church, the
+rest were to come to his assistance, and detain it, in spite of the
+struggles it should use, and the various shapes into which it might be
+transformed. The redemption of the abstracted person was then to become
+complete. The minister, a sensible man, argued with his parishioner upon
+the indecency and absurdity of what was proposed, and dismissed him.
+Next Sunday, the banns being for the first time proclaimed betwixt the
+widower and his new bride, his former wife, very naturally, took the
+opportunity of the following night to make him another visit, yet more
+terrific than the former. She upbraided him with his incredulity, his
+fickleness, and his want of affection; and, to convince him that her
+appearance was no aerial illusion, she gave suck, in his presence, to
+her youngest child. The man, under the greatest horror of mind, had
+again recourse to the pastor; and his ghostly counsellor fell upon
+an admirable expedient to console him. This was nothing less than
+dispensing with the further solemnity of banns, and marrying him,
+without an hour's delay, to the young woman to whom he was affianced;
+after which no spectre again disturbed his repose.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Having concluded these general observations upon the Fairy superstition,
+which, although minute, may not, I hope, be deemed altogether
+uninteresting, I proceed to the more particular illustrations, relating
+to the _Tale of the Young Tamlane._
+
+The following ballad, still popular in Ettrick Forest, where the scene
+is laid, is certainly of much greater antiquity than its phraseology,
+gradually modernized as transmitted by tradition, would seem to denote.
+The _Tale of the Young Tamlane_ is mentioned in the _Complaynt of
+Scotland;_ and the air, to which it was chaunted, seems to have been
+accommodated to a particular dance; for the dance of _Thorn of
+Lynn_, another variation of _Thomalin_, likewise occurs in the same
+performance. Like every popular subject, it seems to have been
+frequently parodied; and a burlesque ballad, beginning
+
+  "Tom o' the Linn was a Scotsman born,"
+
+is still well known.
+
+In a medley, contained in a curious and ancient MS. cantus, _penes_ J.G.
+Dalyell, Esq., there is an allusion to our ballad:--
+
+  "Sing young Thomlin, be merry, be merry, and twice so merry."
+
+In _Scottish Songs_, 1774, a part of the original tale was published,
+under the title of _Kerton Ha';_ a corruption of Carterhaugh; and,
+in the same collection, there is a fragment, containing two or three
+additional verses, beginning,
+
+  "I'll wager, I'll wager, I'll wager with you," &c.
+
+In Johnson's _Musical Museum_, a more complete copy occurs, under the
+title of _Thom Linn_, which, with some alterations was reprinted in the
+_Tales of Wonder_.
+
+The present edition is the most perfect which has yet appeared; being
+prepared from a collation of the printed copies, with a very accurate
+one in Glenriddell's MSS., and with several recitals from tradition.
+Some verses are omitted in this edition, being ascertained to belong to
+a separate ballad, which will be found in a subsequent part of the work.
+In one recital only, the well known fragment of the _Wee, wee Man_,
+was introduced, in the same measure with the rest of the poem. It was
+retained in the first edition, but is now omitted; as the editor has
+been favoured, by the learned Mr Ritson, with a copy of the original
+poem, of which it is a detached fragment. The editor has been enabled to
+add several verses of beauty and interest to this edition of _Tamlane_,
+in consequence of a copy, obtained from a gentleman residing near
+Langholm, which is said to be very ancient, though the diction is
+somewhat of a modern cast. The manners of the Fairies are detailed at
+considerable length, and in poetry of no common merit.
+
+Carterhaugh is a plain, at the conflux of the Ettrick and Yarrow, in
+Selkirkshire, about a mile above Selkirk, and two miles below Newark
+Castle; a romantic ruin, which overhangs the Yarrow, and which is said
+to have been the habitation of our heroine's father, though others place
+his residence in the tower of Oakwood. The peasants point out, upon the
+plain, those electrical rings, which vulgar credulity supposes to be
+traces of the Fairy revels. Here, they say, were placed the stands of
+milk, and of water, in which _Tamlane_ was dipped, in order to effect
+the disenchantment; and upon these spots, according to their mode of
+expressing themselves, the grass will never grow. Miles Cross (perhaps a
+corruption of Mary's Cross), where fair Janet waited the arrival of the
+Fairy train, is said to have stood near the duke of Buccleuch's seat of
+Bowhill, about half a mile from Carterhaugh. In no part of Scotland,
+indeed, has the belief in Fairies maintained its ground with more
+pertinacity than in Selkirkshire. The most sceptical among the lower
+ranks only venture to assert, that their appearances, and mischievous
+exploits, have ceased, or at least become infrequent, since the light of
+the Gospel was diffused in its purity. One of their frolics is said to
+have happened late in the last century. The victim of elfin sport was a
+poor man, who, being employed in pulling heather upon Peatlaw, a hill
+not far from Carterhaugh, had tired of his labour, and laid him down
+to sleep upon a Fairy ring.--When he awakened, he was amazed to find
+himself in the midst of a populous city, to which, as well as to the
+means of his transportation, he was an utter stranger. His coat was left
+upon the Peatlaw; and his bonnet, which had fallen off in the course of
+his aerial journey, was afterwards found hanging upon the steeple of
+the church of Lanark. The distress of the poor man was, in some degree,
+relieved, by meeting a carrier, whom he had formerly known, and who
+conducted him back to Selkirk, by a slower conveyance than had whirled
+him to Glasgow.--That he had been carried off by the Fairies, was
+implicitly believed by all, who did not reflect, that a man may have
+private reasons for leaving his own country, and for disguising his
+having intentionally done so.
+
+
+
+THE YOUNG TAMLANE
+
+
+  O I forbid ye, maidens a',
+    That wear gowd on your hair,
+  To come or gae by Carterhaugh;
+    For young Tamlane is there.
+
+  There's nane, that gaes by Carterhaugh,
+    But maun leave him a wad;
+  Either goud rings or green mantles,
+    Or else their maidenheid.
+
+  Now, gowd rings ye may buy, maidens,
+    Green mantles ye may spin;
+  But, gin ye lose your maidenheid,
+    Ye'll ne'er get that agen.
+
+  But up then spak her, fair Janet,
+    The fairest o' a' her kin;
+  "I'll cum and gang to Carterhaugh,
+    "And ask nae leave o' him."
+
+  Janet has kilted her green kirtle,[A]
+    A little abune her knee;
+  And she has braided her yellow hair,
+    A little abune her bree.
+
+  And when she cam to Carterhaugh,
+    She gaed beside the well;
+  And there she fand his steed standing,
+    But away was himsell.
+
+  She hadna pu'd a red red rose,
+    A rose but barely three;
+  Till up and starts a wee wee man,
+    At Lady Janet's knee.
+
+  Says--"Why pu' ye the rose, Janet?
+    "What gars ye break the tree?
+  "Or why come ye to Carterhaugh,
+    "Withoutten leave o' me?"
+
+  Says--"Carterhaugh it is mine ain;
+    "My daddie gave it me;
+  "I'll come and gang to Carterhaugh,
+    "And ask nae leave o' thee."
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+    Amang the leaves sae green;
+  And what they did I cannot tell--
+    The green leaves were between.
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+    Amang the roses red;
+  And what they did I cannot say--
+    She ne'er returned a maid.
+
+  When she cam to her father's ha',
+    She looked pale and wan;
+  They thought she'd dried some sair sickness,
+    Or been wi' some leman.
+
+  She didna comb her yellow hair,
+    Nor make meikle o' her heid;
+  And ilka thing, that lady took,
+    Was like to be her deid.
+
+  Its four and twenty ladies fair
+    Were playing at the ba';
+  Janet, the wightest of them anes,
+    Was faintest o' them a'.
+
+  Four and twenty ladies fair
+    Were playing at the chess;
+  And out there came the fair Janet,
+    As green as any grass.
+
+  Out and spak an auld gray-headed knight,
+    Lay o'er the castle wa'--
+  "And ever alas! for thee, Janet,
+    "But we'll be blamed a'!"
+
+  "Now haud your tongue, ye auld gray knight!
+    "And an ill deid may ye die!
+  "Father my bairn on whom I will,
+    "I'll father nane on thee."
+
+  Out then spak her father dear,
+    And he spak meik and mild--
+  "And ever alas! my sweet Janet,
+    "I fear ye gae with child."
+
+  "And, if I be with child, father,
+    "Mysell maun bear the blame;
+  "There's ne'er a knight about your ha'
+    "Shall hae the bairnie's name.
+
+  "And if I be with child, father,
+    "'Twill prove a wondrous birth;
+  "For well I swear I'm not wi' bairn
+    "To any man on earth.
+
+  "If my love were an earthly knight,
+    "As he's an elfin grey,
+  "I wadna gie my ain true love
+    "For nae lord that ye hae."
+
+  She princked hersell and prinn'd hersell,
+    By the ae light of the moon,
+  And she's away to Carterhaugh,
+    To speak wi' young Tamlane.
+
+  And when she cam to Carterhaugh,
+    She gaed beside the well;
+  And there she saw the steed standing,
+    But away was himsell.
+
+  She hadna pu'd a double rose,
+    A rose but only twae,
+  When up and started young Tamlane,
+    Says--"Lady, thou pu's nae mae!
+
+  "Why pu' ye the rose, Janet,
+    "Within this garden grene,
+  "And a' to kill the bonny babe,
+    "That we got us between?"
+
+  "The truth ye'll tell to me, Tamlane;
+    "A word ye mauna lie;
+  "Gin ye're ye was in haly chapel,
+    "Or sained[B] in Christentie."
+
+  "The truth I'll tell to thee, Janet,
+    "A word I winna lie;
+  "A knight me got, and a lady me bore,
+    "As well as they did thee.
+
+  "Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,
+    "Dunbar, Earl March, is thine;
+  "We loved when we were children small,
+    "Which yet you well may mind.
+
+  "When I was a boy just turned of nine,
+    "My uncle sent for me,
+  "To hunt, and hawk, and ride with him,
+    "And keep him cumpanie.
+
+  "There came a wind out of the north,
+    "A sharp wind and a snell;
+  "And a dead sleep came over me,
+    "And frae my horse I fell.
+
+  "The Queen of Fairies keppit me,
+    "In yon green hill to dwell;
+  "And I'm a Fairy, lyth and limb;
+    "Fair ladye, view me well.
+
+  "But we, that live in Fairy-land,
+    "No sickness know, nor pain;
+  "I quit my body when I will,
+    "And take to it again.
+
+  "I quit my body when I please,
+    "Or unto it repair;
+  "We can inhabit, at our ease,
+    "In either earth or air.
+
+  "Our shapes and size we can convert,
+    "To either large or small;
+  "An old nut-shell's the same to us,
+    "As is the lofty hall.
+
+  "We sleep in rose-buds, soft and sweet,
+    "We revel in the stream;
+  "We wanton lightly on the wind,
+    "Or glide on a sunbeam.
+
+  "And all our wants are well supplied,
+    "From every rich man's store,
+  "Who thankless sins the gifts he gets,
+    "And vainly grasps for more.
+
+  "Then would I never tire, Janet,
+    "In elfish land to dwell;
+  "But aye at every seven years,
+    "They pay the teind to hell;
+  "And I am sae fat, and fair of flesh,
+    "I fear 'twill be mysell.
+
+  "This night is Hallowe'en, Janet,
+    "The morn is Hallowday;
+
+  "And, gin ye dare your true love win,
+    "Ye hae na time to stay.
+
+  "The night it is good Hallowe'en,
+    "When fairy folk will ride;
+  "And they, that wad their true love win,
+    "At Miles Cross they maun bide."
+
+  "But how shall I thee ken, Tamlane?
+    "Or how shall I thee knaw,
+  "Amang so many unearthly knights,
+    "The like I never saw.?"
+
+  "The first company, that passes by,
+    "Say na, and let them gae;
+  "The next company, that passes by,
+    "Say na, and do right sae;
+  "The third company, that passes by,
+    "Than I'll be ane o' thae.
+
+  "First let pass the black, Janet,
+    "And syne let pass the brown;
+  "But grip ye to the milk-white steed,
+    "And pu' the rider down.
+
+  "For I ride on the milk-white steed,
+    "And ay nearest the town;
+  "Because I was a christened knight,
+    "They gave me that renown.
+
+  "My right hand will be gloved, Janet,
+    "My left hand will be bare;
+  "And these the tokens I gie thee,
+    "Nae doubt I will be there.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "An adder and a snake;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass,
+    "Gin ye wad be my maik.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "An adder and an ask;
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A bale[C] that burns fast.
+
+  "They'll turn me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A red-hot gad o' aim;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass,
+    "For I'll do you no harm.
+
+  "First, dip me in a stand o' milk,
+    "And then in a stand o' water;
+  "But had me fast, let me not pass--
+    "I'll be your bairn's father.
+
+  "And, next, they'll shape me in your arms,
+    "A toad, but and an eel;
+  "But had me fast, nor let me gang,
+    "As you do love me weel.
+
+  "They'll shape me in your arms, Janet,
+    "A dove, but and a swan;
+  "And, last, they'll shape me in your arms,
+    "A mother-naked man:
+  "Cast your green mantle over me--
+    "I'll be mysell again."
+
+  Gloomy, gloomy, was the night,
+    And eiry[D] was the way,
+  As fair Janet, in her green mantle,
+    To Miles Cross she did gae.
+
+  The heavens were black, the night was dark,
+    And dreary was the place;
+
+  But Janet stood, with eager wish,
+    Her lover to embrace.
+
+  Betwixt the hours of twelve and one,
+    A north wind tore the bent;
+  And straight she heard strange elritch sounds
+    Upon that wind which went.
+
+  About the dead hour o' the night,
+    She heard the bridles ring;
+  And Janet was as glad o' that,
+    As any earthly thing!
+
+  Their oaten pipes blew wondrous shrill,
+    The hemlock small blew clear;
+  And louder notes from hemlock large,
+    And bog-reed struck the ear;
+  But solemn sounds, or sober thoughts,
+    The Fairies cannot bear.
+
+  They sing, inspired with love and joy,
+    Like sky-larks in the air;
+  Of solid sense, or thought that's grave,
+    You'll find no traces there.
+
+  Fair Janet stood, with mind unmoved,
+    The dreary heath upon;
+  And louder, louder, wax'd the sound,
+    As they came riding on.
+
+  Will o' Wisp before them went,
+    Sent forth a twinkling light;
+  And soon she saw the Fairy bands
+    All riding in her sight.
+
+  And first gaed by the black black steed,
+    And then gaed by the brown;
+  But fast she gript the milk-white steed,
+    And pu'd the rider down.
+
+  She pu'd him frae the milk-white steed,
+    And loot the bridle fa';
+  And up there raise an erlish[E] cry--
+    "He's won amang us a'!"
+
+  They shaped him in fair Janet's arms,
+    An esk[F], but and an adder;
+  She held him fast in every shape--
+    To be her bairn's father.
+
+  They shaped him in her arms at last,
+    A mother-naked man;
+  She wrapt him in her green mantle,
+    And sae her true love wan.
+
+  Up then spake the Queen o' Fairies,
+    Out o' a bush o' broom--
+  "She that has borrowed young Tamlane,
+    Has gotten a stately groom."
+
+  Up then spake the Queen of Fairies,
+    Out o' a bush of rye--
+  "She's ta'en awa the bonniest knight
+    In a' my cumpanie.
+
+  "But had I kenn'd, Tamlane," she says,
+    "A lady wad borrowed thee--
+  "I wad ta'en out thy twa gray een,
+    "Put in twa een o' tree.
+
+  "Had I but kenn'd, Tamlane," she says,
+    "Before ye came frae hame--
+  "I wad tane out your heart o' flesh,
+    "Put in a heart o' stane.
+
+  "Had I but had the wit yestreen,
+    "That I hae coft[G] the day--
+  "I'd paid my kane seven times to hell,
+    "Ere you'd been won away!"
+
+[Footnote A: The ladies are always represented, in Dunbar's Poems, with
+green mantles and yellow hair. _Maitland Poems,_ Vol. I. p. 45.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Sained_--Hallowed.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Bale_--A faggot.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Eiry_--Producing superstitious dread.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Erlish_--Elritch, ghastly.]
+
+[Footnote F: _Esk_--Newt.]
+
+[Footnote G: _Coft_--Bought.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE YOUNG TAMLANE.
+
+
+  _Randolph, Earl Murray, was my sire,
+  Dunbar, Earl March, is thine,_ &c.--P. 185, v. 5.
+
+Both these mighty chiefs were connected with Ettrick Forest, and its
+vicinity. Their memory, therefore, lived in the traditions of the
+country. Randolph, earl of Murray, the renowned nephew of Robert Bruce,
+had a castle at Ha' Guards, in Annandale, and another in Peebles-shire,
+on the borders of the forest, the site of which is still called
+Randall's Walls. Patrick of Dunbar, earl of March, is said by Henry the
+Minstrel, to have retreated to Ettrick Forest, after being defeated by
+Wallace.
+
+  _And all our wants are well supplied,
+    From every rich man's store;
+  Who thankless sins the gifts he gets, &c._--P. 187. v. 3.
+
+To _sin our gifts, or mercies_, means, ungratefully to hold them in
+slight esteem. The idea, that the possessions of the wicked are most
+obnoxious to the depredations of evil spirits, may be illustrated by the
+following tale of a _Buttery Spirit_, extracted from Thomas Heywood:--
+
+An ancient and virtuous monk came to visit his nephew, an inn-keeper,
+and, after other discourse, enquired into his circumstances. Mine host
+confessed, that, although he practised all the unconscionable tricks of
+his trade, he was still miserably poor. The monk shook his head, and
+asked to see his buttery, or larder. As they looked into it, he rendered
+visible to the astonished host an immense goblin, whose paunch,
+and whole appearance, bespoke his being gorged with food, and who,
+nevertheless, was gormandizing at the innkeeper's expence, emptying
+whole shelves of food, and washing it down with entire hogsheads of
+liquor. "To the depredation of this visitor will thy viands be exposed,"
+quoth the uncle, "until thou shalt abandon fraud, and false reckonings."
+The monk returned in a year. The host having turned over a new leaf, and
+given christian measure to his customers, was now a thriving man. When
+they again inspected the larder, they saw the same spirit, but woefully
+reduced in size, and in vain attempting to reach at the full plates and
+bottles, which stood around him; starving, in short, like Tantalus, in
+the midst of plenty. Honest Heywood sums up the tale thus:
+
+  In this discourse, far be it we should mean
+  Spirits by meat are fatted made, or lean;
+  Yet certain 'tis, by God's permission, they
+  May, over goods extorted, bear like sway.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  All such as study fraud, and practise evil,
+  Do only starve themselves to plumpe the devill.
+      _Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels,_ p. 577.
+
+
+
+ERLINTON. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad is published from the collation of two copies, obtained from
+recitation. It seems to be the rude original, or perhaps a corrupted
+and imperfect copy, of _The Child of Elle_, a beautiful legendary tale,
+published in the _Reliques of Ancient Poetry_. It is singular, that
+this charming ballad should have been translated, or imitated, by the
+celebrated Buerger, without acknowledgment of the English original. As
+_The Child of Elle_ avowedly received corrections, we may ascribe its
+greatest beauties to the poetical taste of the ingenious editor. They
+are in the truest stile of Gothic embellishment. We may compare, for
+example, the following beautiful verse, with the same idea in an old
+romance:
+
+  The baron stroked his dark-brown cheek,
+    And turned his face aside,
+  To wipe away the starting tear,
+    He proudly strove to hide!
+      _Child of Elle._
+
+The heathen Soldan, or Amiral, when about to slay two lovers, relents in
+a similar manner:
+
+  Weeping, he turned his heued awai,
+  And his swerde hit fel to grounde.
+      _Florice and Blauncheflour._
+
+
+
+ERLINTON.
+
+
+  Erlinton had a fair daughter,
+    I wat he weird her in a great sin,[A]
+  For he has built a bigly bower,
+    An' a' to put that lady in.
+
+  An' he has warn'd her sisters six,
+    An' sae has he her brethren se'en,
+  Outher to watch her a' the night,
+    Or else to seek her morn an' e'en.
+
+  She hadna been i' that bigly bower,
+    Na not a night, but barely ane,
+  Till there was Willie, her ain true love,
+    Chapp'd at the door, cryin', "Peace within!"
+
+  "O whae is this at my bower door,
+    "That chaps sae late, nor kens the gin?"[B]
+  "O it is Willie, your ain true love,
+    "I pray you rise an' let me in!"
+
+  "But in my bower there is a wake,
+    "An' at the wake there is a wane;[C]
+  "But I'll come to the green-wood the morn,
+    "Whar blooms the brier by mornin' dawn."
+
+  Then she's gane to her bed again,
+    Where she has layen till the cock crew thrice,
+  Then she said to her sisters a',
+    "Maidens, 'tis time for us to rise."
+
+  She pat on her back a silken gown,
+    An' on her breast a siller pin,
+  An' she's tane a sister in ilka hand,
+    An' to the green-wood she is gane.
+
+  She hadna walk'd in the green-wood,
+    Na not a mile but barely ane,
+  Till there was Willie, her ain true love,
+    Whae frae her sisters has her ta'en.
+
+  He took her sisters by the hand,
+    He kiss'd them baith, an' sent them hame,
+  An' he's ta'en his true love him behind,
+    And through the green-wood they are gane.
+
+  They hadna ridden in the bonnie green-wood,
+    Na not a mile but barely ane,
+  When there came fifteen o' the boldest knights.
+    That ever bare flesh, blood, or bane.
+
+  The foremost was an aged knight,
+    He wore the grey hair on his chin,
+  Says, "Yield to me thy lady bright,
+    "An' thou shalt walk the woods within."
+
+  "For me to yield my lady bright
+    "To such an aged knight as thee,
+  "People wad think I war gane mad,
+    "Or a' the courage flown frae me."
+
+  But up then spake the second knight,
+    I wat he spake right boustouslie,
+  "Yield me thy life, or thy lady bright,
+    "Or here the tane of us shall die."
+
+  "My lady is my warld's meed;
+    "My life I winna yield to nane;
+  "But if ye be men of your manhead,
+    "Ye'll only fight me ane by ane."
+
+  He lighted aff his milk-white steed,
+    An' gae his lady him by the head,
+  Say'n, "See ye dinna change your cheer;
+    "Until ye see my body bleed."
+
+  He set his back unto an aik,
+    He set his feet against a stane,
+  An' he has fought these fifteen men,
+    An' kill'd them a' but barely ane;
+  For he has left that aged knight,
+    An' a' to carry the tidings hame.
+
+  When he gaed to his lady fair,
+    I wat he kiss'd her tenderlie;
+  "Thou art mine ain love, I have thee bought;
+    "Now we shall walk the green-wood free."
+
+[Footnote A: _Weird her in a great sin_--Placed her in danger of
+committing a great sin.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Gin_--The slight or trick necessary to open the door, from
+engine.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Wane_--A number of people.]
+
+
+
+THE TWA CORBIES.
+
+
+This poem was communicated to me by Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, Esq.
+jun. of Hoddom, as written down, from tradition, by a lady. It is a
+singular circumstance, that it should coincide so very nearly with the
+ancient dirge, called _The Three Ravens_, published by Mr Ritson, in his
+_Ancient Songs;_ and that, at the same time, there should exist such a
+difference, as to make the one appear rather a counterpart than copy of
+the other. In order to enable the curious reader to contrast these two
+singular poems, and to form a judgment which may be the original, I take
+the liberty of copying the English ballad from Mr Ritson's Collection,
+omitting only the burden and repetition of the first line. The learned
+editor states it to be given _"From Ravencroft's Metismata. Musical
+phansies, fitting the cittie and country, humours to 3, 4, and 5
+voyces,_ London, 1611, 4to. It will be obvious (continues Mr Ritson)
+that this ballad is much older, not only than the date of the book, but
+most of the other pieces contained in it." The music is given with the
+words, and is adapted to four voices:
+
+  There were three rauens sat on a tre,
+  They were as blacke as they might be:
+
+  The one of them said to his mate,
+  "Where shall we our breakfast take?"
+
+  "Downe in yonder greene field,
+  "There lies a knight slain under his shield;
+
+  "His hounds they lie downe at his feete,
+  "So well they their master keepe;
+
+  "His haukes they flie so eagerly,
+  "There's no fowle dare come him nie.
+
+  "Down there comes a fallow doe,
+  "As great with yong as she might goe,
+
+  "She lift up his bloudy hed,
+  "And kist his wounds that were so red.
+
+  "She got him up upon her backe,
+  "And carried him to earthen lake.
+
+  "She buried him before the prime,
+  "She was dead her selfe ere euen song time.
+
+  "God send euery gentleman,
+  "Such haukes, such houndes, and such a leman.
+      _Ancient Songs,_ 1792, p. 155.
+
+I have seen a copy of this dirge much modernized.
+
+
+
+THE TWA CORBIES.
+
+
+  As I was walking all alane,
+  I heard twa corbies making a mane;
+  The tane unto the t'other say,
+  "Where sall we gang and dine to-day?"
+
+  "In behint yon auld fail[A] dyke,
+  "I wot there lies a new slain knight;
+  "And nae body kens that he lies there,
+  "But his hawk, his hound, and lady fair.
+
+  "His hound is to the hunting gane,
+  "His hawk to fetch the wild-fowl hame,
+  "His lady's ta'en another mate,
+  "So we may mak our dinner sweet.
+
+  "Ye'll sit on his white hause bane,
+  "And I'll pike out his bonny blue een:
+  "Wi' ae lock o' his gowden hair,
+  "We'll theek[B] our nest when it grows bare.
+
+  "Mony a one for him makes mane,
+  "But nane sall ken whare he is gane:
+  "O'er his white banes, when they are bare,
+  "The wind sall blaw for evermair."
+
+[Footnote A: _Fail_--Turf.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Theek_--Thatch.]
+
+
+
+THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.
+
+
+The ballad of _The Douglas Tragedy_ is one of the few, to which popular
+tradition has ascribed complete locality. The farm of Blackhouse, in
+Selkirkshire, is said to have been the scene of this melancholy
+event. There are the remains of a very ancient tower, adjacent to
+the farmhouse, in a wild and solitary glen, upon a torrent, named
+Douglas-burn, which joins the Yarrow, after passing a craggy rock,
+called the Douglas-craig. This wild scene, now a part of the Traquair
+estate, formed one of the most ancient possessions of the renowned
+family of Douglas; for Sir John Douglas, eldest son of William,
+the first Lord Douglas, is said to have sat, as baronial lord of
+Douglas-burn, during his father's lifetime, in a parliament of Malcolm
+Canmore, held at Forfar.--GODSCROFT, Vol. I. p. 20. The tower appears to
+have been square, with a circular turret at one angle, for carrying up
+the staircase, and for flanking the entrance. It is said to have derived
+its name of Blackhouse from the complexion of the lords of Douglas,
+whose swarthy hue was a family attribute. But, when the high mountains,
+by which it is inclosed, were covered with heather, which was the case
+till of late years, Blackhouse must have also merited its appellation
+from the appearance of the scenery.
+
+From this ancient tower Lady Margaret is said to have been carried by
+her lover. Seven large stones, erected upon the neighbouring heights of
+Blackhouse, are shown, as marking the spot where the seven brethren were
+slain; and the Douglas-burn is averred to have been the stream, at which
+the lovers stopped to drink: so minute is tradition in ascertaining the
+scene of a tragical tale, which, considering the rude state of former
+times, had probably foundation in some real event.
+
+Many copies of this ballad are current among the vulgar, but chiefly in
+a state of great corruption; especially such as have been committed to
+the press in the shape of penny pamphlets. One of these is now before
+me, which, among many others, has the ridiculous error of "_blue gilded_
+horn," for "_bugelet_ horn." The copy, principally used in this edition
+of the ballad, was supplied by Mr Sharpe. The three last verses are
+given from the printed copy, and from tradition. The hackneyed verse, of
+the rose and the briar springing from the grave of the lovers, is common
+to most tragic ballads; but it is introduced into this with singular
+propriety, as the chapel of St Mary, whose vestiges may be still traced
+upon the lake, to which it has given name, is said to have been the
+burial place of Lord William and Fair Margaret. The wrath of the Black
+Douglas, which vented itself upon the brier, far surpasses the usual
+stanza:
+
+  At length came the clerk of the parish,
+    As you the truth shall hear,
+  And by mischance he cut them down,
+    Or else they had still been there.
+
+
+
+THE DOUGLAS TRAGEDY.
+
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, now, Lord Douglas," she says,
+    "And put on your armour so bright;
+  "Let it never be said, that a daughter of thine
+    "Was married to a lord under night.
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, my seven bold sons,
+    "And put on your armour so bright,
+  "And take better care of your youngest sister,
+    "For your eldest's awa the last night."
+
+  He's mounted her on a milk-white steed,
+    And himself on a dapple grey,
+  With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,
+    And lightly they rode away.
+
+  Lord William lookit o'er his left shoulder,
+    To see what he could see,
+  And there he spy'd her seven brethren bold
+    Come riding over the lee.
+
+  "Light down, light down, Lady Marg'ret," he said,
+    "And hold my steed in your hand,
+  "Until that against your seven brethren bold,
+    "And your father, I mak a stand."
+
+  She held his steed in her milk-white hand,
+    And never shed one tear,
+  Until that she saw her seven brethren fa',
+    And her father hard fighting, who lov'd her so dear.
+
+  "O hold your hand, Lord William!" she said,
+    "For your strokes they are wond'rous sair;
+  "True lovers I can get many a ane,
+    "But a father I can never get mair."
+
+  O she's ta'en out her handkerchief,
+    It was o' the holland sae fine,
+  And ay she dighted her father's bloody wounds,
+    That ware redder than the wine.
+
+  "O chuse, O chuse, Lady Marg'ret," he said,
+    "O whether will ye gang or bide?"
+  "I'll gang, I'll gang, Lord William," she said,
+    "For ye have left me no other guide."
+
+  He's lifted her on a milk-white steed,
+    And himself on a dapple grey,
+  With a bugelet horn hung down by his side,
+    And slowly they baith rade away.
+
+  O they rade on, and on they rade,
+    And a' by the light of the moon,
+  Until they came to yon wan water,
+    And there they lighted down.
+
+  They lighted down to tak a drink
+    Of the spring that ran sae clear;
+  And down the stream ran his gude heart's blood,
+    And sair she gan to fear.
+
+  "Hold up, hold up, Lord William," she says,
+    "For I fear that you are slain!"
+  "'Tis naething but the shadow of my scarlet cloak;
+    "That shines in the water sae plain."
+
+  O they rade on, and on they rade,
+    And a' by the light of the moon,
+  Until they cam' to his mother's ha' door,
+    And there they lighted down.
+
+  "Get up, get up, lady mother," he says,
+    "Get up, and let me in!--
+  "Get up, get up, lady mother," he says,
+    "For this night my fair lady I've win.
+
+  "O mak my bed, lady mother," he says,
+    "O mak it braid and deep!
+  "And lay Lady Marg'ret close at my back,
+    "And the sounder I will sleep."
+
+  Lord William was dead lang ere midnight,
+    Lady Marg'ret lang ere day--
+  And all true lovers that go thegither,
+    May they have mair luck than they!
+
+  Lord William was buried in St Marie's kirk,
+    Lady Margaret in Mary's quire;
+  Out o' the lady's grave grew a bonny red rose,
+    And out o' the knight's a brier.
+
+  And they twa met, and they twa plat,
+    And fain they wad be near;
+  And a' the warld might ken right weel,
+    They were twa lovers dear.
+
+  But bye and rade the Black Douglas,
+    And wow but he was rough!
+  For he pull'd up the bonny brier,
+    And flang'd in St Mary's loch.
+
+
+
+YOUNG BENJIE. NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+In this ballad the reader will find traces of a singular superstition,
+not yet altogether discredited in the wilder parts of Scotland. The
+lykewake, or watching a dead body, in itself a melancholy office, is
+rendered, in the idea of the assistants, more dismally awful, by the
+mysterious horrors of superstition. In the interval betwixt death and
+interment, the disembodied spirit is supposed to hover around its mortal
+habitation, and, if invoked by certain rites, retains the power of
+communicating, through its organs, the cause of its dissolution. Such
+enquiries, however are always dangerous, and never to be resorted to
+unless the deceased is suspected to have suffered _foul play_, as it
+is called. It is the more unsafe to tamper with this charm, in an
+unauthorized manner; because the inhabitants of the infernal regions
+are, at such periods, peculiarly active. One of the most potent
+ceremonies in the charm, for causing the dead body to speak, is, setting
+the door ajar, or half open. On this account, the peasants of Scotland
+sedulously avoid leaving the door ajar, while a corpse lies in the
+house. The door must either be left wide open, or quite shut; but the
+first is always preferred, on account of the exercise of hospitality
+usual on such occasions. The attendants must be likewise careful never
+to leave the corpse for a moment alone, or, if it is left alone, to
+avoid, with a degree of superstitious horror, the first sight of it.
+The following story, which is frequently related by the peasants of
+Scotland, will illustrate the imaginary danger of leaving the door ajar.
+In former times, a man and his wife lived in a solitary cottage, on one
+of the extensive border fells. One day, the husband died suddenly; and
+his wife, who was equally afraid of staying alone by the corpse, or
+leaving the dead body by itself, repeatedly went to the door, and
+looked anxiously over the lonely moor, for the sight of some person
+approaching. In her confusion and alarm, she accidentally left the door
+ajar, when the corpse suddenly started up, and sat in the bed, frowning
+and grinning at her frightfully. She sat alone, crying bitterly, unable
+to avoid the fascination of the dead man's eye, and too much terrified
+to break the sullen silence, till a catholic priest, passing over the
+wild, entered the cottage. He first set the door quite open, then put
+his little finger in his mouth, and said the paternoster backwards; when
+the horrid look of the corpse relaxed, it fell back on the bed, and
+behaved itself as a dead man ought to do.
+
+The ballad is given from tradition.
+
+
+
+YOUNG BENJIE.
+
+
+  Of a' the maids o' fair Scotland,
+    The fairest was Marjorie;
+  And young Benjie was her ae true love,
+    And a dear true love was he.
+
+  And wow! but they were lovers dear,
+    And loved fu' constantlie;
+  But ay the mair when they fell out,
+    The sairer was their plea.[A]
+
+  And they hae quarrelled on a day,
+    Till Marjorie's heart grew wae;
+  And she said she'd chuse another luve,
+    And let young Benjie gae.
+
+  And he was stout,[B] and proud-hearted,
+    And thought o't bitterlie;
+  And he's ga'en by the wan moon-light,
+    To meet his Marjorie.
+
+  "O open, open, my true love,
+    "O open, and let me in!"
+  "I dare na open, young Benjie,
+    "My three brothers are within."
+
+  "Ye lied, ye lied, ye bonny burd,
+    "Sae loud's I hear ye lie;
+  "As I came by the Lowden banks,
+    "They bade gude e'en to me.
+
+  "But fare ye weel, my ae fause love,
+    "That I hae loved sae lang!
+  "It sets[C] ye chuse another love,
+    "And let young Benjie gang."
+
+  Then Marjorie turned her round about,
+    The tear blinding her ee,--
+  "I darena, darena, let thee in,
+    "But I'll come down to thee."
+
+  Then saft she smiled, and said to him,
+    "O what ill hae I done?"
+  He took her in his armis twa,
+    And threw her o'er the linn.
+
+  The stream was strang, the maid was stout,
+    And laith laith to be dang,[D]
+  But, ere she wan the Lowden banks,
+    Her fair colour was wan.
+
+  Then up bespak her eldest brother,
+    "O see na ye what I see?"
+  And out then spak her second brother,
+    "Its our sister Marjorie!"
+
+  Out then spak her eldest brother,
+    "O how shall we her ken?"
+  And out then spak her youngest brother,
+    "There's a honey mark on her chin."
+
+  Then they've ta'en up the comely corpse,
+    And laid it on the ground--
+  "O wha has killed our ae sister,
+    "And how can he be found?
+
+  "The night it is her low lykewake,
+    "The morn her burial day,
+  "And we maun watch at mirk midnight,
+    "And hear what she will say."
+
+  Wi' doors ajar, and candle light,
+    And torches burning clear;
+  The streikit corpse, till still midnight,
+    They waked, but naething hear.
+
+  About the middle o' the night.
+    The cocks began to craw;
+  And at the dead hour o' the night,
+    The corpse began to thraw.
+
+  "O wha has done the wrang, sister,
+    "Or dared the deadly sin?
+  "Wha was sae stout, and feared nae dout,
+    "As thraw ye o'er the linn?"
+
+  "Young Benjie was the first ae man
+    "I laid my love upon;
+  "He was sae stout and proud-hearted,
+    "He threw me o'er the linn."
+
+  "Sall we young Benjie head, sister,
+    "Sall we young Benjie hang,
+  "Or sall we pike out his twa gray een,
+    "And punish him ere he gang?"
+
+  "Ye mauna Benjie head, brothers,
+    "Ye mauna Benjie hang,
+  "But ye maun pike out his twa gray een,
+    "And punish him ere he gang.
+
+  "Tie a green gravat round his neck,
+    "And lead him out and in,
+  "And the best ae servant about your house
+    "To wait young Benjie on.
+
+  "And ay, at every seven year's end,
+    "Ye'll tak him to the linn;
+  "For that's the penance he maun drie,
+    "To scug[E] his deadly sin."
+
+[Footnote A: _Plea_--Used obliquely for _dispute_.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Stout_--Through this whole ballad, signifies _haughty_.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Sets ye_--Becomes you--ironical.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Dang_--defeated.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Scug_--shelter or expiate.]
+
+
+
+LADY ANNE.
+
+
+This ballad was communicated to me by Mr Kirkpatrick Sharpe of Hoddom,
+who mentions having copied it from an old magazine. Although it has
+probably received some modern corrections, the general turn seems to
+be ancient, and corresponds with that of a fragment, containing the
+following verses, which I have often heard sung in my childhood:--
+
+  She set her back against a thorn,
+  And there she has her young son borne;
+  "O smile nae sae, my bonny babe!
+  "An ye smile sae sweet, ye'll smile me dead."
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  An' when that lady went to the church,
+  She spied a naked boy in the porch,
+
+  "O bonnie boy, an' ye were mine,
+  "I'd clead ye in the silks sae fine."
+  "O mither dear, when I was thine,
+  "To me ye were na half sae kind."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Stories of this nature are very common in the annals of popular
+superstition. It is, for example, currently believed in Ettrick Forest,
+that a libertine, who had destroyed fifty-six inhabited houses, in order
+to throw the possessions of the cottagers into his estate, and who added
+to this injury, that of seducing their daughters, was wont to commit, to
+a carrier in the neighbourhood, the care of his illegitimate children,
+shortly after they were born. His emissary regularly carried them away,
+but they were never again heard of. The unjust and cruel gains of the
+profligate laird were dissipated by his extravagance, and the ruins of
+his house seem to bear witness to the truth of the rhythmical prophecies
+denounced against it, and still current among the peasantry. He himself
+died an untimely death; but the agent of his amours and crimes survived
+to extreme old age. When on his death-bed, he seemed much oppressed in
+mind, and sent for a clergyman to speak peace to his departing spirit:
+but, before the messenger returned, the man was in his last agony;
+and the terrified assistants had fled from his cottage, unanimously
+averring, that the wailing of murdered infants had ascended from behind
+his couch, and mingled with the groans of the departing sinner.
+
+
+
+LADY ANNE
+
+
+  Fair lady Anne sate in her bower,
+     Down by the greenwood side,
+  And the flowers did spring, and the birds did sing,
+     'Twas the pleasant May-day tide.
+
+  But fair lady Anne on sir William call'd,
+     With the tear grit in her e'e,
+  "O though thou be fause, may heaven thee guard,
+     "In the wars ayont the sea!"
+
+  Out of the wood came three bonnie boys,
+     Upon the simmer's morn,
+  And they did sing, and play at the ba',
+     As naked as they were born.
+
+  "O seven lang year was I sit here,
+     "Amang the frost and snaw,
+  "A' to hae but ane o' these bonnie boys,
+  "A playing at the ba'."
+
+  Then up and spake the eldest boy,
+     "Now listen, thou fair ladie!
+  "And ponder well the read that I tell,
+     "Then make ye a choice of the three.
+
+  "'Tis I am Peter, and this is Paul,
+     "And that are, sae fair to see,
+  "But a twelve-month sinsyne to paradise came,
+     "To join with our companie."
+
+  "O I will hae the snaw-white boy,
+     "The bonniest of the three."
+  "And if I were thine, and in thy propine,[A]
+     "O what wad ye do to me?"
+
+  "'Tis I wad clead thee in silk and gowd,
+     "And nourice thee on my knee."
+  "O mither! mither! when I was thine,
+     "Sic kindness I could na see.
+
+  "Before the turf, where I now stand,
+     "The fause nurse buried me;
+  "Thy cruel penknife sticks still in my heart,
+     "And I come not back to thee."
+
+[Footnote A: _Propine_--Usually gift, but here the power of giving or
+bestowing.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+LORD WILLIAM
+
+
+This ballad was communicated to me by Mr James Hogg; and, although it
+bears a strong resemblance to that of _Earl Richard_, so strong, indeed,
+as to warrant a supposition, that the one has been derived from the
+other, yet its intrinsic merit seems to warrant its insertion. Mr Hogg
+has added the following note, which, in the course of my enquiries, I
+have found most fully corroborated.
+
+"I am fully convinced of the antiquity of this song; for, although much
+of the language seems somewhat modernized, this must be attributed
+to its currency, being much liked, and very much sung, in this
+neighbourhood. I can trace it back several generations, but cannot
+hear of its ever having been in print. I have never heard it with any
+considerable variation, save that one reciter called the dwelling of the
+feigned sweetheart, _Castleswa_."
+
+
+
+LORD WILLIAM
+
+
+  Lord William was the bravest knight
+     That dwait in fair Scotland,
+  And, though renowned in France and Spain,
+     Fell by a ladie's hand.
+
+  As she was walking maid alone,
+    Down by yon shady wood.
+  She heard a smit[A] o' bridle reins,
+    She wish'd might be for good.
+
+  "Come to my arms, my dear Willie,
+     "You're welcome hame to me;
+  "To best o' chear and charcoal red,[B]
+  "And candle burnin' free."
+
+  "I winna light, I darena light,
+     "Nor come to your arms at a';
+  "A fairer maid than ten o' you,
+     "I'll meet at Castle-law."
+
+  "A fairer maid than me, Willie!
+     "A fairer maid than me!
+  "A fairer maid than ten o' me,
+     "Your eyes did never see."
+
+  He louted owr his saddle lap,
+     To kiss her ere they part,
+  And wi' a little keen bodkin,
+     She pierced him to the heart.
+
+  "Ride on, ride on, lord William, now,
+     "As fast as ye can dree!
+  "Your bonny lass at Castle-law
+     "Will weary you to see."
+
+  Out up then spake a bonny bird,
+     Sat high upon a tree,--
+  How could you kill that noble lord?
+     "He came to marry thee."
+
+  "Come down, come down, my bonny bird,
+     "And eat bread aff my hand!
+  "Your cage shall be of wiry goud,
+     "Whar now its but the wand."
+
+  "Keep ye your cage o' goud, lady,
+     "And I will keep my tree;
+  "As ye hae done to lord William.,
+     "Sae wad ye do to me."
+
+  She set her foot on her door step,
+     A bonny marble stane;
+  And carried him to her chamber,
+     O'er him to make her mane.
+
+  And she has kept that good lord's corpse
+     Three quarters of a year,
+  Until that word began to spread,
+     Then she began to fear.
+
+  Then she cried on her waiting maid,
+     Ay ready at her ca';
+  "There is a knight unto my bower,
+     "'Tis time he were awa."
+
+  The ane has ta'en him by the head,
+     The ither by the feet,
+  And thrown him in the wan water,
+     That ran baith wide and deep.
+
+  "Look back, look back, now, lady fair,
+     "On him that lo'ed ye weel!
+  "A better man than that blue corpse
+     "Ne'er drew a sword of steel."
+
+[Footnote A: _Smit_--Clashing noise, from smite--hence also _(perhaps)_
+Smith and Smithy.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Charcoal red_--This circumstance marks the antiquity of
+the poem. While wood was plenty in Scotland, charcoal was the usual fuel
+in the chambers of the wealthy.]
+
+
+
+THE BROOMFIELD HILL.
+
+
+The concluding verses of this ballad were inserted in the copy of
+_Tamlane_, given to the public in the first edition of this work. They
+are now restored to their proper place. Considering how very apt the
+most accurate reciters are to patch up one ballad with verses from
+another, the utmost caution cannot always avoid such errors.
+
+A more sanguine antiquary than the editor might perhaps endeavour to
+identify this poem, which is of undoubted antiquity, with the _"Broom
+Broom on Hill,"_ mentioned by Lane, in his _Progress of Queen Elizabeth
+into Warwickshire_, as forming part of Captain's Cox's collection,
+so much envied by the black-letter antiquaries of the present
+day.--_Dugdale's Warwickshire,_ p. 166. The same ballad is quoted by one
+of the personages, in a "very mery and pythie comedie," called _"The
+longer thou livest, the more fool thou art."_ See Ritson's Dissertation,
+prefixed to _Ancient Songs,_ p. lx. "Brume brume on hill," is also
+mentioned in the _Complayat of Scotland_. See Leyden's edition, p. 100.
+
+
+
+THE BROOMFIELD HILL.
+
+  There was a knight and a lady bright,
+   Had a true tryste at the broom;
+  The ane ga'ed early in the morning,
+   The other in the afternoon.
+
+  And ay she sat in her mother's bower door,
+   And ay she made her mane,
+  "Oh whether should I gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "Or should I stay at hame?
+
+  "For if I gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "My maidenhead is gone;
+  "And if I chance to stay at hame,
+   "My love will ca' me mansworn."
+
+  Up then spake a witch woman,
+   Ay from the room aboon;
+  "O, ye may gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "And yet come maiden hame.
+
+  "For, when ye gang to the Broomfield hill,
+   "Ye'll find your love asleep,
+  "With a silver-belt about his head,
+   "And a broom-cow at his feet.
+
+  "Take ye the blossom of the broom,
+   "The blossom it smells sweet,
+  "And strew it at your true love's head,
+   "And likewise at his feet.
+
+  "Take ye the rings off your fingers,
+   "Put them on his right hand,
+  "To let him know, when he doth awake,
+   "His love was at his command."
+
+  She pu'd the broom flower on Hive-hill,
+   And strew'd on's white hals bane,
+  And that was to be wittering true,
+   That maiden she had gane.
+
+  "O where were ye, my milk-white steed,
+   "That I hae coft sae dear,
+  "That wadna watch and waken me,
+   "When there was maiden here?"
+
+  "I stamped wi' my foot, master,
+   "And gar'd my bridle ring;
+  "But na kin' thing wald waken ye,
+   "Till she was past and gane."
+
+  "And wae betide ye, my gay goss hawk,
+   "That I did love sae dear,
+  "That wadna watch and waken me,
+   "When there was maiden here."
+
+  "I clapped wi' my wings, master,
+   "And aye my bells I rang,
+  "And aye cry'd, waken, waken, master,
+   "Before the ladye gang."
+
+  "But haste and haste, my good white steed,
+   "To come the maiden till,
+  "Or a' the birds, of gude green wood,
+   "Of your flesh shall have their fill."
+
+  "Ye need na burst your good white steed,
+   "Wi' racing o'er the howm;
+  "Nae bird flies faster through the wood,
+   "Than she fled through the broom."
+
+
+
+PROUD LADY MARGARET.
+
+
+_This Ballad was communicated to the Editor by Mr_ HAMILTON,
+_Music-seller, Edinburgh, with whose Mother it had been a, favourite.
+Two verses and one line were wanting, which are here supplied from a
+different Ballad, having a plot somewhat similar. These verses are the
+6th and 9th._
+
+
+  'Twas on a night, an evening bright,
+    When the dew began to fa',
+  Lady Margaret was walking up and down,
+    Looking o'er her castle wa'.
+
+  She looked east, and she looked west,
+    To see what she could spy,
+  When a gallant knight came in her sight,
+    And to the gate drew nigh.
+
+  "You seem to be no gentleman,
+    "You wear your boots so wide;
+  "But you seem to be some cunning hunter,
+    "You wear the horn so syde."[A]
+
+  "I am no cunning hunter," he said,
+    "Nor ne'er intend to be;
+  "But I am come to this castle
+    "To seek the love of thee;
+  "And if you do not grant me love,
+    "This night for thee I'll die."
+
+  "If you should die for me, sir knight,
+    "There's few for you will mane,
+  "For mony a better has died for me,
+    "Whose graves are growing green.
+
+  "But ye maun read my riddle," she said,
+    "And answer my questions three;
+  "And but ye read them right," she said,
+    "Gae stretch ye out and die.--
+
+  "Now, what is the flower, the ae first flower,
+   "Springs either on moor or dale?
+  "And what is the bird, the bonnie bonnie bird,
+   "Sings on the evening gale?"
+
+  "The primrose is the ae first flower,
+   "Springs either on moor or dale;
+  "And the thistlecock is the bonniest bird;
+   "Sings on the evening gale."
+
+  "But what's the little coin," she said,
+   "Wald buy my castle bound?
+  "And what's the little boat," she said,
+   "Can sail the world all round?"
+
+  "O hey, how mony small pennies
+   "Make thrice three thousand pound?
+  "Or hey, how mony small fishes
+   "Swim a' the salt sea round."
+
+  "I think you maun be my match," she said,
+   "My match, and something mair;
+  "You are the first e'er got the grant
+   Of love frae my father's heir.
+
+  "My father was lord of nine castles,
+   "My mother lady of three;
+  "My father was lord of nine castles,
+   "And there's nane to heir but me.
+
+  "And round about a' thae castles,
+   "You may baith plow and saw,
+  "And on the fifteenth day of May,
+   "The meadows they will maw."
+
+  "O hald your tongue, lady Margaret," he said,
+   "For loud I hear you lie!
+  "Your father was lord of nine castles,
+   "Your mother was lady of three;
+  "Your father was lord of nine castles,
+   "But ye fa' heir to but three.
+
+  "And round about a' thae castles,
+   "You may baith plow and saw,
+  "But on the fifteenth day of May
+   "The meadows will not maw.
+
+  "I am your brother Willie," he said,
+   "I trow ye ken na me;
+  "I came to humble your haughty heart,
+   "Has gar'd sae mony die."
+
+  "If ye be my brother Willie," she said,
+   "As I trow weel ye be,
+  "This night I'll neither eat nor drink,
+   "But gae alang wi' thee."
+
+  "O hold your tongue, lady Margaret," he said.
+   "Again I hear you lie;
+  "For ye've unwashen hands, and ye've unwashen feet,[B]
+   "To gae to clay wi' me.
+
+  "For the wee worms are my bedfellows,
+   "And cauld clay is my sheets;
+  "And when the stormy winds do blow,
+   "My body lies and sleeps."
+
+[Footnote A: _Syde_--Long or low.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Unwashen hands and unwashen feet_--Alluding to the custom
+of washing and dressing dead bodies.]
+
+
+
+THE ORIGINAL BALLAD OF THE BROOM OF COWDENKNOWS.
+
+
+_The beautiful air of Cowdenknows is well known and popular. In Ettrick
+Forest the following words are uniformly adapted to the tune, and seem
+to be the original ballad. An edition of this pastoral tale, differing
+considerably from the present copy, was published by Mr_ HERD, _in 1772.
+Cowdenknows is situated upon the river Leader, about four miles from
+Melrose, and is now the property of Dr_ HUME.
+
+
+  O the broom, and the bonny bonny broom,
+   And the broom of the Cowdenknows!
+  And aye sae sweet as the lassie sang,
+   I' the bought, milking the ewes.
+
+  The hills were high on ilka side,
+   An' the bought i' the lirk o' the hill,
+  And aye, as she sang, her voice it rang
+   Out o'er the head o' yon hill.
+
+  There was a troop o' gentlemen
+   Came riding merrilie by,
+  And one of them has rode out o' the way,
+   To the bought to the bonny may.
+
+  "Weel may ye save an' see, bonny lass,
+   "An' weel may ye save an' see."
+  "An' sae wi' you, ye weel-bred knight,"
+   "And what's your will wi' me?"
+
+  "The night is misty and mirk, fair may,
+   "And I have ridden astray,
+  "And will ye be so kind, fair may,
+   "As come out and point my way?"
+
+  "Ride out, ride out, ye ramp rider!
+   "Your steed's baith stout and strang;
+  "For out of the bought I dare na come,
+   "For fear 'at ye do me wrang."
+
+  "O winna ye pity me, bonny lass,
+   "O winna ye pity me?
+  "An' winna ye pity my poor steed,
+   "Stands trembling at yon tree?"
+
+  "I wadna pity your poor steed,
+   "Tho' it were tied to a thorn;
+  "For if ye wad gain my love the night,
+   "Ye wad slight me ere the morn.
+
+  "For I ken you by your weel-busked hat,
+   "And your merrie twinkling e'e,
+  "That ye're the laird o' the Oakland hills,
+   "An' ye may weel seem for to be."
+
+  "But I am not the laird o' the Oakland hills,
+   "Ye're far mista'en o' me;
+  "But I'm are o' the men about his house,
+   "An' right aft in his companie."
+
+  He's ta'en her by the middle jimp,
+   And by the grass-green sleeve;
+  He's lifted her over the fauld dyke,
+   And speer'd at her sma' leave.
+
+  O he's ta'en out a purse o' gowd,
+   And streek'd her yellow hair,
+  "Now, take ye that, my bonnie may,
+   "Of me till you hear mair."
+
+  O he's leapt on his berry-brown steed,
+   An' soon he's o'erta'en his men;
+  And ane and a' cried out to him,
+   "O master, ye've tarry'd lang!"
+
+  "O I hae been east, and I hae been west,
+   "An' I hae been far o'er the know,
+  "But the bonniest lass that ever I saw
+   "Is i'the bought milking the ewes."
+
+  She set the cog[A] upon her head,
+   An' she's gane singing hame--
+  "O where hae ye been, my ae daughter?
+   "Ye hae na been your lane."
+
+  "O nae body was wi' me, father,
+   "O nae body has been wi' me;
+  "The night is misty and mirk, father,
+   "Ye may gang to the door and see.
+
+  "But wae be to your ewe-herd, father,
+   "And an ill deed may he die;
+  "He bug the bought at the back o' the know,
+   "And a tod[B] has frighted me.
+
+  "There came a tod to the bought-door,
+   "The like I never saw;
+  "And ere he had tane the lamb he did,
+   "I had lourd he had ta'en them a'."
+
+  O whan fifteen weeks was come and gane,
+   Fifteen weeks and three.
+  That lassie began to look thin and pale,
+   An' to long for his merry twinkling e'e.
+
+  It fell on a day, on a het simmer day,
+   She was ca'ing out her father's kye,
+  By came a troop o' gentlemen,
+   A' merrilie riding bye.
+
+  "Weel may ye save an' see, bonny may,
+   "Weel may ye save and see!
+  "Weel I wat, ye be a very bonny may,
+   "But whae's aught that babe ye are wi'?"
+
+  Never a word could that lassie say,
+   For never a ane could she blame,
+  An' never a word could the lassie say,
+   But "I have a good man at hame."
+
+  "Ye lied, ye lied, my very bonny may,
+   "Sae loud as I hear you lie;
+  "For dinna ye mind that misty night
+   "I was i' the bought wi' thee?
+
+  "I ken you by your middle sae jimp,
+   "An' your merry twinkling e'e,
+  "That ye're the bonny lass i'the Cowdenknow,
+   "An' ye may weel seem for to be."
+
+  Than he's leap'd off his berry-brown steed,
+   An' he's set that fair may on--
+  "Caw out your kye, gude father, yoursell,
+   "For she's never caw them out again.
+
+  "I am the laird of the Oakland hills,
+   "I hae thirty plows and three;
+  "Ah' I hae gotten the bonniest lass
+   "That's in a' the south country.
+
+[Footnote A: _Cog_--Milking-pail.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Tod_--Fox.]
+
+
+
+LORD RANDAL.
+
+
+There is a beautiful air to this old ballad. The hero is more generally
+termed _Lord Ronald;_ but I willingly follow the authority of an Ettrick
+Forest copy for calling him _Randal;_ because, though the circumstances
+are so very different, I think it not impossible, that the ballad may
+have originally regarded the death of Thomas Randolph, or Randal, earl
+of Murray, nephew to Robert Bruce, and governor of Scotland. This great
+warrior died at Musselburgh, 1332, at the moment when his services were
+most necessary to his country, already threatened by an English army.
+For this sole reason, perhaps, our historians obstinately impute his
+death to poison. See _The Bruce_, book xx. Fordun repeats, and Boece
+echoes, this story, both of whom charge the murder on Edward III. But it
+is combated successfully by Lord Hailes, in his _Remarks on the History
+of Scotland_.
+
+The substitution of some venomous reptile for food, or putting it into
+liquor, was anciently supposed to be a common mode of administering
+poison; as appears from the following curious account of the death of
+King John, extracted from a MS. Chronicle of England, _penes_ John
+Clerk, esq. advocate. "And, in the same tyme, the pope sente into
+Englond a legate, that men cald Swals, and he was prest cardinal of
+Rome, for to mayntene King Johnes cause agens the barons of Englond; but
+the barons had so much pte (_poustie_, i.e. power) through Lewys, the
+kinges sone of Fraunce, that King Johne wist not wher for to wend ne
+gone: and so hitt fell, that he wold have gone to Suchold; and as he
+went thedurward, he come by the abbey of Swinshed, and ther he abode II
+dayes. And, as he sate at meat, he askyd a monke of the house, how moche
+a lofe was worth, that was before hym sete at the table? and the monke
+sayd that loffe was worthe bot ane halfpenny. 'O!' quod the kyng, 'this
+is a grette cheppe of brede; now,' said the king, 'and yff I may, such a
+loffe shalle be worth xxd. or half a yer be gone:' and when he said the
+word, muche he thought, and ofte tymes sighed, and nome and ete of the
+bred, and said, 'By Gode, the word that I have spokyn shall be sothe.'
+The monke, that stode befor the kyng, was ful sory in his hert; and
+thought rather he wold himself suffer peteous deth; and thought yff
+he myght ordeyn therfore sum remedy. And anon the monke went unto his
+abbott, and was schryvyd of him, and told the abbott all that the kyng
+said, and prayed his abbott to assoyl him, for he wold gyffe the kyng
+such a wassayle, that all Englond shuld be glad and joyful therof. Tho
+went the monke into a gardene, and fond a tode therin; and toke her upp,
+and put hyr in a cuppe, and filled it with good ale, and pryked hyr in
+every place, in the cuppe, till the venome come out in every place; an
+brought hitt befor the kyng, and knelyd, and said, 'Sir, wassayle; for
+never in your lyfe drancke ye of such a cuppe,' 'Begyne, monke,' quod
+the king; and the monke dranke a gret draute, and toke the kyng the
+cuppe, and the kyng also drank a grett draute, and set downe the
+cuppe.--The monke anon went to the Farmarye, and ther dyed anon, on
+whose soule God have mercy, Amen. And v monkes syng for his soule
+especially, and shall while the abbey stondith. The kyng was anon ful
+evil at ese, and comaunded to remove the table, and askyd after the
+monke; and men told him that he was ded, for his wombe was broke in
+sondur. When the king herd this tidyng, he comaunded for to trusse; but
+all hit was for nought, for his bely began to swelle for the drink that
+he dranke, that he dyed within II dayes, the moro aftur Seynt Luke's
+day."
+
+A different account of the poisoning of King John is given in a MS.
+Chronicle of England, written in the minority of Edward III., and
+contained in the Auchinleck MS. of Edinburgh. Though not exactly to our
+present purpose, the passage is curious, and I shall quote it without
+apology. The author has mentioned the interdict laid on John's kingdom
+by the pope, and continues thus:
+
+  He was ful wroth and grim,
+  For no prest wald sing for him
+  He made tho his parlement,
+  And swore his _croy de verament_,
+  That he shuld make such assaut,
+  To fede all Inglonde with a spand.
+  And eke with a white lof,
+  Therefore I hope[A] he was God-loth.
+  A monk it herd of Swines-heued,
+  And of this wordes he was adred,
+  He went hym to his fere,
+  And seyd to hem in this manner;
+  "The king has made a sori oth,
+  That he schal with a white lof
+  Fede al Inglonde, and with a spand,
+  Y wis it were a sori saut;
+  And better is that we die to,
+  Than al Inglond be so wo.
+  Ye schul for me belles ring,
+  And after wordes rede and sing;
+  So helpe you God, heven king,
+  Granteth me alle now mill asking,
+  And Ichim wil with puseoun slo,
+  Ne schal he never Inglond do wo."
+
+   His brethren him graunt alle his bone.
+  He let him shrive swithe sone,
+  To make his soule fair and cleue,
+  To for our leuedi heven queen,
+  That sche schuld for him be,
+  To for her son in trinite.
+
+   Dansimond zede and gadred frut,
+  For sothe were plommes white,
+  The steles[B] he puld out everichon,
+  Puisoun he dede therin anon,
+  And sett the steles al ogen,
+  That the gile schuld nought be sen.
+  He dede hem in a coupe of gold,
+  And went to the kinges bord;
+  On knes he him sett,
+  The king full fair he grett;
+  "Sir," he said, "by Seynt Austin,
+  This is front of our garden,
+  And gif that your wil be,
+  Assayet herof after me."
+  Dansimoud ete frut, on and on,
+  And al tho other ete King Jon;
+  The monke aros, and went his way,
+  God gif his soule wel gode day;
+  He gaf King Jon ther his puisoun,
+  Himself had that ilk doun,
+  He dede, it is nouther for mirthe ne ond,
+  Bot for to save al Iuglond.
+
+  The King Jon sate at mete,
+  His wombe to wex grete;
+  He swore his oth, _per la croyde_,
+  His wombe wald brest a thre;
+  He wald have risen fram the bord,
+  Ac he spake never more word;
+  Thus ended his time,
+  Y wis he had an evel fine.
+
+[Footnote A: _Hope, for think._]
+
+[Footnote B: _Steles_--Stalks.]
+
+Shakespeare, from such old chronicles, has drawn his authority for the
+last fine scene in _King John_. But he probably had it from Caxton, who
+uses nearly the words of the prose chronicle. Hemingford tells the same
+tale with the metrical historian. It is certain, that John increased the
+flux, of which he died, by the intemperate use of peaches and of ale,
+which may have given rise to the story of the poison.--See MATTHEW
+PARIS.
+
+To return to the ballad: there is a very similar song, in which,
+apparently to excite greater interest in the nursery, the handsome young
+hunter is exchanged for a little child, poisoned by a false step-mother.
+
+
+
+LORD RANDAL.
+
+
+  "O where hae ye been, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "O where hae ye been, my handsome young man?"
+  "I hae been to the wild wood; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "Where gat ye your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "Where gat ye your dinner, my handsome young man?"
+  "I din'd wi' my true-love; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "What gat ye to your dinner, Lord Randal, my son?.
+  "What gat ye to your dinner, my handsome young man?"
+  "I gat eels boil'd in broo'; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "What became of your bloodhounds, Lord Randal, my son?
+  "What became of your bloodhounds, my handsome young man?"
+  "O they swell'd and they died; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm weary wi' hunting, and fain wald lie down."
+
+  "O I fear ye are poison'd, Lord Randal, my son!
+  "O I fear ye are poison'd, my handsome young man!"
+  "O yes! I am poison'd; mother, make my bed soon,
+  "For I'm sick at the heart, and I fain wald lie down."
+
+
+
+SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+This ballad is a northern composition, and seems to have been the
+original of the legend called _Sir Aldingar_, which is printed in the
+_Reliques of Antient Poetry_. The incidents are nearly the same in both
+ballads, excepting that, in _Aldingar_, an angel combats for the queen,
+instead of a mortal champion. The names of _Aldingar_ and _Rodingham_
+approach near to each other in sound, though not in orthography, and the
+one might, by reciters, be easily substituted for the other.
+
+The tradition, upon which the ballad is founded, is universally current
+in the Mearns; and the editor is informed, that, till very lately, the
+sword, with which Sir Hugh le Blond was believed to have defended
+the life and honour of the queen, was carefully preserved by his
+descendants, the viscounts of Arbuthnot. That Sir Hugh of Arbuthnot
+lived in the thirteenth century, is proved by his having, in 1282,
+bestowed the patronage of the church of Garvoch upon the monks of
+Aberbrothwick, for the safety of his soul.--_Register of Aberbrothwick,
+quoted by Crawford in Peerage._ But I find no instance in history, in
+which the honour of a queen of Scotland was committed to the chance of
+a duel. It is true, that Mary, wife of Alexander II., was, about 1242,
+somewhat implicated in a dark story, concerning the murder of Patrick,
+earl of Athole, burned in his lodging at Haddington, where he had gone
+to attend a great tournament. The relations of the deceased baron
+accused of the murder Sir William Bisat, a powerful nobleman, who
+appears to have been in such high favour with the young queen, that
+she offered her oath, as a compurgator, to prove his innocence. Bisat
+himself stood upon his defence, and proffered the combat to his
+accusers; but he was obliged to give way to the tide, and was banished
+from Scotland. This affair interested all the northern barons; and it
+is not impossible, that some share, taken in it by this Sir Hugh de
+Arbuthnot, may have given a slight foundation for the tradition of the
+country.--WINTON, B. vii. ch. 9. Or, if we suppose Sir Hugh le Blond
+to be a predecessor of the Sir Hugh who flourished in the thirteenth
+century, he may have been the victor in a duel, shortly noticed as
+having occurred in 1154, when one Arthur, accused of treason, was
+unsuccessful in his appeal to the judgment of God. _Arthurus regem
+Malcolm proditurus duello periit._ Chron. Sanctae Crucis ap. Anglia
+Sacra, Vol. I. p. 161.
+
+But, true or false, the incident, narrated in the ballad, is in the
+genuine style of chivalry. Romances abound with similar instances, nor
+are they wanting in real history. The most solemn part of a knight's
+oath was to defend "all widows, orphelines, and maidens of gude
+fame."[A]--LINDSAY'S _Heraldry, MS._ The love of arms was a real
+passion of itself, which blazed yet more fiercely when united with the
+enthusiastic admiration of the fair sex. The knight of Chaucer exclaims,
+with chivalrous energy,
+
+  To fight for a lady! a benedicite!
+  It were a lusty sight for to see.
+
+It was an argument, seriously urged by Sir John of Heinault, for making
+war upon Edward II., in behalf of his banished wife, Isabella, that
+knights were bound to aid, to their uttermost power, all distressed
+damsels, living without council or comfort.
+
+[Footnote A: Such an oath is still taken by the Knights of the Bath;
+but, I believe, few of that honourable brotherhood will now consider it
+quite so obligatory as the conscientious Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who
+gravely alleges it as a sufficient reason for having challenged divers
+cavaliers, that they had either snatched from a lady her bouquet, or
+ribband, or, by some discourtesy of similar importance, placed her, as
+his lordship conceived, in the predicament of a distressed damozell.]
+
+An apt illustration of the ballad would have been the combat, undertaken
+by three Spanish champions against three Moors of Granada, in defence of
+the honour of the queen of Granada, wife to Mohammed Chiquito, the last
+monarch of that kingdom. But I have not at hand _Las Guerras Civiles
+de Granada_, in which that atchievement is recorded. Raymond Berenger,
+count of Barcelona, is also said to have defended, in single combat, the
+life and honour of the Empress Matilda, wife of the Emperor Henry V.,
+and mother to Henry II. of England.--See ANTONIO ULLOA, _del vero Honore
+Militare_, Venice, 1569.
+
+A less apocryphal example is the duel, fought in 1387, betwixt Jaques le
+Grys and John de Carogne, before the king of France. These warriors were
+retainers of the earl of Alencon, and originally sworn brothers. John de
+Carogne went over the sea, for the advancement of his fame, leaving in
+his castle a beautiful wife, where she lived soberly and sagely. But
+the devil entered into the heart of Jaques le Grys, and he rode, one
+morning, from the earl's house to the castle of his friend, where he was
+hospitably received by the unsuspicious lady. He requested her to
+show him the donjon, or keep of the castle, and in that remote and
+inaccessible tower forcibly violated her chastity. He then mounted his
+horse, and returned to the earl of Alencon within so short a space, that
+his absence had not been perceived. The lady abode within the donjon,
+weeping bitterly, and exclaiming, "Ah Jaques! it was not well done thus
+to shame me! but on you shall the shame rest, if God send my husband
+safe home!" The lady kept secret this sorrowful deed until her husband's
+return from his voyage. The day passed, and night came, and the knight
+went to bed; but the lady would not; for ever she blessed herself,
+and walked up and down the chamber, studying and musing, until her
+attendants had retired; and then, throwing herself on her knees before
+the knight, she shewed him all the adventure. Hardly would Carogne
+believe the treachery of his companion; but, when convinced, he replied,
+"Since it is so, lady, I pardon you; but the knight shall die for this
+villainous deed." Accordingly, Jaques le Grys was accused of the crime,
+in the court of the earl of Alencon. But, as he was greatly loved of
+his lord, and as the evidence was very slender, the earl gave judgment
+against the accusers. Hereupon John Carogne appealed to the parliament
+of Paris; which court, after full consideration, appointed the case to
+be tried by mortal combat betwixt the parties, John Carogne appearing as
+the champion of his lady. If he failed in his combat, then was he to
+be hanged, and his lady burned, as false and unjust calumniators. This
+combat, under circumstances so very peculiar, attracted universal
+attention; in so much, that the king of France and his peers, who were
+then in Flanders, collecting troops for an invasion of England, returned
+to Paris, that so notable a duel might be fought in the royal presence.
+"Thus the kynge, and his uncles, and the constable, came to Parys. Then
+the lystes were made in a place called Saynt Katheryne, behinde the
+Temple. There was soo moche people, that it was mervayle to beholde; and
+on the one side of the lystes there was made gret scaffoldes, that the
+lordes might the better se the batayle of the ii champion; and so they
+bothe came to the felde, armed at all peaces, and there eche of them was
+set in theyr chayre; the erle of Saynt Poule gouverned John of Carongne,
+and the erle of Alanson's company with Jacques le Grys; and when the
+knyght entred in to the felde, he came to his wyfe, who was there
+syttynge in a chayre, covered in blacke, and he sayd to her thus:--Dame,
+by your enformacyon, and in your quarrell, I do put my lyfe in
+adventure, as to fyght with Jacques le Grys; ye knowe, if the cause be
+just and true.'--'Syr,' sayd the lady, 'it is as I have sayd; wherefore
+ye maye fyght surely; the cause is good and true.' With those wordes,
+the knyghte kissed the lady, and toke her by the hande, and then blessyd
+hym, and soo entred into the felde. The lady sate styll in the blacke
+chayre, in her prayers to God, and to the vyrgyne Mary, humbly prayenge
+them, by theyr specyall grace, to send her husbande the victory,
+accordynge to the ryght. She was in gret hevynes, for she was not sure
+of her lyfe; for, if her husbande sholde have ben dyscomfyted, she was
+judged, without remedy, to be brente, and her husbande hanged. I cannot
+say whether she repented her or not, as the matter was so forwarde, that
+both she and her husbande were in grete peryll: howbeit, fynally, she
+must as then abyde the adventure. Then these two champyons were set
+one agaynst another, and so mounted on theyr horses, and behauved them
+nobly; for they knewe what perteyned to deades of armes. There were
+many lordes and knyghtes of Fraunce, that were come thyder to se that
+batayle. The two champyons justed at theyr fyrst metyng, but none of
+them dyd hurte other; and, after the justes, they lyghted on foote to
+periournie theyr batayle, and soo fought valyauntly.--And fyrst, John of
+Carongne was hurt in the thyghe, whereby al his frendes were in grete
+fere; but, after that, he fought so valyauntly, that he bette down his
+adversary to the erthe, and threst his swerde in his body, and soo slewe
+hyrn in the felde; and then he demaunded, if he had done his devoyse or
+not? and they answered, that he had valyauntly atchieved his batayle.
+Then Jacques le Grys was delyuered to the hangman of Parys, and he drewe
+hym to the gybbet of Mountfawcon, and there hanged him up. Then John of
+Carongne came before the kynge, and kneled downe, and the kynge made
+him to stand up before hym; and, the same daye, the kynge caused to
+be delyvred to him a thousande franks, and reteyned him to be of his
+chambre, with a pencyon of ii hundred pounde by yere, durynge the terme
+of his lyfe. Then he thanked the kynge and the lordes, and went to his
+wyfe, and kissed her; and then they wente togyder to the chyrche of our
+ladye, in Parys, and made theyr offerynge, and then retourned to their
+lodgynges. Then this Sir John of Carongne taryed not longe in Fraunce,
+but went, with Syr John Boucequant, Syr John of Bordes, and Syr Loys
+Grat. All these went to se Lamorabaquyn,[A] of whome, in those dayes,
+there was moche spekynge."
+
+[Footnote A: This odd name Froissart gives to the famous Mahomet,
+emperor of Turkey, called the Great.]
+
+Such was the readiness, with which, in those times, heroes put their
+lives in jeopardy, for honour and lady's sake. But I doubt whether the
+fair dames of the present day will think, that the risk of being burned,
+upon every suspicion of frailty, could be altogether compensated by the
+probability, that a husband of good faith, like John de Carogne, or a
+disinterested champion, like Hugh le Blond, would take up the gauntlet
+in their behalf. I fear they will rather accord to the sentiment of the
+hero of an old romance, who expostulates thus with a certain duke:--
+
+  Certes, sir duke, thou doest unright,
+  To make a roast of your daughter bright;
+   I wot you ben unkind.
+      _Amis and Amelion._
+
+I was favoured with the following copy of _Sir Hugh le Blond_, by
+K. Williamson Burnet, Esq. of Monboddo, who wrote it down from the
+recitation of an old woman, long in the service of the Arbuthnot
+family. Of course the diction is very much humbled, and it has, in
+all probability, undergone many corruptions; but its antiquity is
+indubitable, and the story, though indifferently told, is in itself
+interesting. It is believed, that there have been many more verses.
+
+
+
+SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+  The birds sang sweet as ony bell,
+   The world had not their make,
+  The queen she's gone to her chamber,
+   With Rodingham to talk.
+
+  "I love you well, my queen, my dame,
+   "'Bove land and rents so clear
+  "And for the love of you, my queen,
+   "Would thole pain most severe."
+
+  "If well you love me, Rodingham,
+   "I'm sure so do I thee:
+  "I love you well as any man,
+   "Save the king's fair bodye."
+
+  "I love you well, my queen, my dame;
+   "'Tis truth that I do tell:
+  "And for to lye a night with you,
+   "The salt seas I would sail."
+
+  "Away, away, O Rodingham!
+   "You are both stark and stoor;
+  "Would you defile the king's own bed,
+   "And make his queen a whore?
+
+  "To-morrow you'd be taken sure,
+   "And like a traitor slain;
+  "And I'd be burned at a stake,
+   "Altho' I be the queen."
+
+  He then stepp'd out at her room-door,
+   All in an angry mood;
+  Until he met a leper-man,
+   Just by the hard way-side.
+
+  He intoxicate the leper-man
+   With liquors very sweet;
+  And gave him more and more to drink,
+   Until he fell asleep.
+
+  He took him in his arms two,
+   And carried him along,
+  Till he came to the queen's own bed,
+   And there he laid him down.
+
+  He then stepp'd out of the queen's bower,
+   As switt as any roe,
+  Till he came to the very place
+   Where the king himself did go.
+
+  The king said unto Rodingham,
+   "What news have you to me?"
+  He said, "Your queen's a false woman,
+   "As I did plainly see."
+
+  He hasten'd to the queen's chamber,
+   So costly and so fine,
+  Untill he came to the queen's own bed,
+   Where the leper-man was lain.
+
+  He looked on the leper-man,
+   Who lay on his queen's bed;
+  He lifted up the snaw-white sheets,
+   And thus he to him said:
+
+  "Plooky, plooky,[A] are your cheeks,
+   "And plooky is your chin,
+  "And plooky are your arms two
+   "My bonny queen's layne in.
+
+  "Since she has lain into your arms,
+   "She shall not lye in mine;
+  "Since she has kiss'd your ugsome mouth,
+   "She never shall kiss mine."
+
+  In anger he went to the queen,
+   Who fell upon her knee;
+  He said, "You false, unchaste woman,
+   "What's this you've done to me?"
+
+  The queen then turn'd herself about,
+   The tear blinded her e'e--
+  There's not a knight in all your court
+   "Dare give that name to me."
+
+  He said, "'Tis true that I do say;
+   "For I a proof did make:
+  "You shall be taken from my bower,
+   "And burned at a stake.
+
+  "Perhaps I'll take my word again,
+   "And may repent the same,
+  "If that you'll get a Christian man
+   "To fight that Rodingham."
+
+  "Alas! alas!" then cried our queen,
+   "Alas, and woe to me!
+  "There's not a man in all Scotland
+   "Will fight with him for me."
+
+  She breathed unto her messengers,
+   Sent them south, east, and west;
+  They could find none to fight with him,
+   Nor enter the contest.
+
+  She breathed on her messengers,
+   She sent them to the north;
+  And there they found Sir Hugh le Blond,
+   To fight him he came forth.
+
+  When unto him they did unfold
+   The circumstance all right,
+  He bade them go and tell the queen,
+   That for her he would fight.
+
+  The day came on that was to do
+   That dreadful tragedy;
+  Sir Hugh le Blond was not come up
+   To fight for our lady.
+
+  "Put on the fire," the monster said;
+   "It is twelve on the bell!"
+  "Tis scarcely ten, now," said the king;
+   "I heard the clock mysell."
+
+  Before the hour the queen is brought,
+   The burning to proceed;
+  In a black velvet chair she's set,
+   A token for the dead.
+
+  She saw the flames ascending high,
+   The tears blinded her e'e:
+  "Where is the worthy knight," she said,
+   "Who is to fight for me?"
+
+  Then up and spake the king himsel,
+   "My dearest, have no doubt,
+  "For yonder comes the man himsel,
+   "As bold as ere set out."
+
+  They then advanced to fight the duel
+   With swords of temper'd steel,
+  Till down the blood of Rodingham
+   Came running to his heel.
+
+  Sir Hugh took out a lusty sword,
+   'Twas of the metal clear;
+  And he has pierced Rodingham
+   Till's heart-blood did appear.
+
+  "Confess your treachery, now," he said,
+   "This day before you die!"
+  "I do confess my treachery,
+   "I shall no longer lye:
+
+  "I like to wicked Haman am,
+   "This day I shall be slain."
+  The queen was brought to her chamber
+   A good woman again.
+
+  The queen then said unto the king,
+   "Arbattle's near the sea;
+  "Give it unto the northern knight,
+   "That this day fought for me."
+
+  Then said the king, "Come here, sir knight,
+   "And drink a glass of wine;
+  "And, if Arbattle's not enough,
+   "To it we'll Fordoun join."
+
+[Footnote A: _Plooky_--Pimpled.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON SIR HUGH LE BLOND.
+
+
+  _Until he met a leper-man. &c._--P. 268. v. 4.
+
+Filth, poorness of living, and the want of linen, made this horrible
+disease formerly very common in Scotland. Robert Bruce died of the
+leprosy; and, through all Scotland, there were hospitals erected for
+the reception of lepers, to prevent their mingling with the rest of the
+community.
+
+  _"It is twelve on the bell!"
+  "Tis scarcely ten, now," said the king, &c._--P. 272. v. 2.
+
+In the romance of Doolin, called _La Fleur des Battailles_, a false
+accuser discovers a similar impatience to hurry over the execution,
+before the arrival of the lady's champion:--_"Ainsi comme Herchambaut
+vouloit jetter la dame dedans le feu, Sanxes de Clervaut va a lui, si
+lui dict; 'Sire Herchambaut, vous estes trop a blasmer; car vous ne
+devez mener ceste chose que par droit ainsi qu'il est ordonne; je veux
+accorder que ceste dame ait un vassal qui la diffendra contre vous et
+Drouart, car elle n'a point de coulpe en ce que l'accusez; si la devez
+retarder jusque a midy, pour scavoir si un bon chevalier l'a viendra
+secourir centre vous et Drouart."_--Cap. 22.
+
+  _"And, if Arbattle's not enough,
+  "To it we'll Fordoun join."_--P. 274. v. 1.
+
+Arbattle is the ancient name of the barony of Arbuthnot. Fordun has long
+been the patrimony of the same family.
+
+
+
+GRAEME AND BEWICK.
+
+
+The date of this ballad, and its subject, are uncertain. From internal
+evidence, I am inclined to place it late in the sixteenth century. Of
+the Graemes enough is elsewhere said. It is not impossible, that such
+a clan, as they are described, may have retained the rude ignorance
+of ancient border manners to a later period than their more inland
+neighbours; and hence the taunt of old Bewick to Graeme. Bewick is an
+ancient name in Cumberland and Northumberland. The ballad itself was
+given, in the first edition, from the recitation of a gentleman, who
+professed to have forgotten some verses. These have, in the present
+edition, been partly restored, from a copy obtained by the recitation of
+an ostler in Carlisle, which has also furnished some slight alterations.
+
+The ballad is remarkable, as containing, probably, the very latest
+allusion to the institution of brotherhood in arms, which was held so
+sacred in the days of chivalry, and whose origin may be traced up to the
+Scythian ancestors of Odin. Many of the old romances turn entirely upon
+the sanctity of the engagement, contracted by the _freres d'armes_. In
+that of _Amis and Amelion_, the hero slays his two infant children, that
+he may compound a potent salve with their blood, to cure the leprosy of
+his brother in arms. The romance of _Gyron le Courtois_ has a similar
+subject. I think the hero, like Graeme in the ballad, kills himself, out
+of some high point of honour towards his friend.
+
+The quarrel of the two old chieftains, over their wine, is highly in
+character. Two generations have not elapsed since the custom of drinking
+deep, and taking deadly revenge for slight offences, produced very
+tragical events on the border; to which the custom of going armed to
+festive meetings contributed not a little. A minstrel, who flourished
+about 1720, and is often talked of by the old people, happened to be
+performing before one of these parties, when they betook themselves to
+their swords. The cautious musician, accustomed to such scenes, dived
+beneath the table. A moment after, a man's hand, struck off with a
+back-sword, fell beside him. The minstrel secured it carefully in
+his pocket, as he would have done any other loose moveable; sagely
+observing, the owner would miss it sorely next morning. I chuse rather
+to give this ludicrous example, than some graver instances of bloodshed
+at border orgies. I observe it is said, in a MS. account of Tweeddale,
+in praise of the inhabitants, that, "when they fall in the humour of
+good fellowship, they use it as a cement and bond of society, and not
+to foment revenge, quarrels, and murders, which is usual in other
+countries;" by which we ought, probably, to understand Selkirkshire and
+Teviotdale.--_Macfarlane's MSS._
+
+
+
+GRAEME AND BEWICK.
+
+
+  Gude lord Graeme is to Carlisle gane;
+   Sir Robert Bewick there met he;
+  And arm in arm to the wine they did go,
+   And they drank till they were baith merrie.
+
+  Gude lord Graeme has ta'en up the cup,
+   "Sir Robert Bewick, and here's to thee!
+  "And here's to our twae sons at hame!
+   "For they like us best in our ain countrie."
+
+  "O were your son a lad like mine,
+   "And learn'd some books that he could read,
+  "They might hae been twae brethren bauld,
+   "And they might hae bragged the border side."
+
+  "But your son's a lad, and he is but bad,
+   "And billie to my son he canna be;
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  "Ye sent him to the schools, and he wadna learn;
+   "Ye bought him books, and he wadna read."
+  "But my blessing shall he never earn,
+   "Till I see how his arm can defend his head."
+
+  Gude lord Graeme has a reckoning call'd,
+   A reckoning then called he;
+  And he paid a crown, and it went roun';
+   It was all for the gude wine and free.[A]
+
+  And he has to the stable gaen,
+   Where there stude thirty steeds and three;
+  He's ta'en his ain horse amang them a',
+   And hame he' rade sae manfullie.
+
+  "Wellcome, my auld father!" said Christie Graeme,
+   "But where sae lang frae hame were ye?"
+  "It's I hae been at Carlisle town,
+   "And a baffled man by thee I be.
+
+  "I hae been at Carlisle town,
+   "Where Sir Robert Bewick he met me;
+  "He says ye're a lad, and ye are but bad,
+   "And billie to his son ye canna be.
+
+  "I sent ye to the schools, and ye wadna learn;
+   "I bought ye books, and ye wadna read;
+  "Therefore, my blessing ye shall never earn,
+   "Till I see with Bewick thou save thy head."
+
+  "Now, God forbid, my auld father,
+   "That ever sic a thing suld be!
+  "Billie Bewick was my master, and I was his scholar,
+   "And aye sae weel as he learned me."
+
+  "O hald thy tongue, thou limmer lown,
+   "And of thy talking let me be!
+  "If thou does na end me this quarrel soon,
+   "There is my glove I'll fight wi' thee."
+
+  Then Christie Graeme he stooped low
+   Unto the ground, you shall understand;--
+  "O father, put on your glove again,
+   "The wind has blown it from your hand."
+
+  "What's that thou says, thou limmer loun?
+   "How dares thou stand to speak to me?
+  "If thou do not end this quarrel soon,
+   "There's my right hand thou shalt fight with me."
+
+  Then Christie Graeme's to his chamber gane,
+   To consider weel what then should be;
+  Whether he suld fight with his auld father
+   Or with his billie Bewick, he.
+
+  "If I suld kill my billie dear,
+   "God's blessing I sall never win;
+  "But if I strike at my auld father,
+   "I think 'twald be a mortal sin.
+
+  "But if I kill my billie dear,
+   "It is God's will! so let it be.
+  "But I make a vow, ere I gang frae hame,
+   "That I shall be the next man's die."
+
+  Then he's put on's back a good ould jack,
+   And on his head a cap of steel,
+  And sword and buckler by his side;
+   O gin he did not become them weel!
+
+  We'll leave off talking of Christie Graeme,
+   And talk of him again belive;
+  And we will talk of bonnie Bewick,
+   Where he was teaching his scholars five.
+
+  When he had taught them well to fence,
+   And handle swords without any doubt;
+  He took his sword under his arm,
+   And he walked his father's close about.
+
+  He looked atween him and the sun,
+   And a' to see what there might be,
+  Till he spied a man, in armour bright,
+   Was riding that way most hastilie.
+
+  "O wha is yon, that came this way,
+   "Sae hastilie that hither came?
+  "I think it be my brother dear;
+   "I think it be young Christie Graeme."
+
+  "Ye're welcome here, my billie dear,
+   "And thrice you're welcome unto me!"
+  "But I'm wae to say, I've seen the day,
+   "When I am come to fight with thee.
+
+  "My father's gane to Carlisle town,
+   "Wi' your father Bewick there met he;
+  "He says I'm a lad, and I am but bad,
+   "And a baffled man I trow I be.
+
+  "He sent me to schools, and I wadna learn;
+   "He gae me books, and I wadna read;
+  "Sae my father's blessing I'll never earn,
+   "Till he see how my arm can guard my head."
+
+  "O God forbid, my billie dear,
+   "That ever such a thing suld be!
+  "We'll take three men on either side,
+   "And see if we can our fathers agree."
+
+  "O hald thy tongue, now, billie Bewick,
+   "And of thy talking let me be!
+  "But if thou'rt a man, as I'm sure thou art,
+   "Come o'er the dyke, and fight wi' me."
+
+  "But I hae nae harness, billie, on my back,
+   "As weel I see there is on thine."
+  "But as little harness as is on thy back,
+   "As little, billie, shall be on mine."
+
+  Then he's thrown aff his coat of mail,
+   His cap of steel away flung he;
+  He stuck his spear into the ground,
+   And he tied his horse unto a tree.
+
+  Then Bewick has thrown aff his cloak,
+   And's psalter-book frae's hand flung he;
+  He laid his hand upon the dyke,
+   And ower he lap most manfullie.
+
+  O they hae fought for twae lang hours;
+   When twae lang hours were come and gane,
+  The sweat drapped fast frae aff them baith,
+   But a drap of blude could not be seen.
+
+  Till Graeme gae Bewick an ackward[B] stroke,
+   Ane ackward stroke, strucken sickerlie;
+  He has hit him under the left breast,
+   And dead-wounded to the ground fell he.
+
+  "Rise up, rise up, now, hillie dear!
+   "Arise, and speak three words to me!--
+  "Whether thou'se gotten thy deadly wound,
+   "Or if God and good leaching may succour thee?"
+
+  "O horse, O horse, now billie Graeme,
+    "And get thee far from hence with speed;
+  "And get thee out of this country,
+    "That none may know who has done the deed."
+
+  "O I have slain thee, billie Bewick,
+    "If this be true thou tellest to me;
+  "But I made a vow, ere I came frae hame,
+    "That aye the next man I wad be."
+
+  He has pitched his sword in a moodie-hill,[C]
+    And he has leap'd twentie lang feet and three,
+  And on his ain sword's point he lap,
+    And dead upon the grund fell he.
+
+  'Twas then came up Sir Robert Bewick,
+    And his brave son alive saw he;
+  "Rise up, rise up, my son," he said,
+    "For I think ye hae gotten the victorie."
+
+  "O hald your tongue, my father dear!
+    "Of your prideful talking let me be!
+  "Ye might hae drunken your wine in peace,
+    "And let me and my billie be.
+
+  "Gae dig a grave, baith wide and deep,
+   "A grave to hald baith him and me;
+  "But lay Christie Graeme on the sunny side,
+   "For I'm sure he wan the victorie."
+
+  "Alack! a wae!" auld Bewick cried,
+   "Alack! was I not much to blame!
+  "I'm sure I've lost the liveliest lad
+   "That e'er was born unto my name."
+
+  "Alack! a wae!" quo' gude Lord Graeme,
+   "I'm sure I hae lost the deeper lack!
+  "I durst hae ridden the Border through,
+   "Had Christie Graeme been at my back.
+
+  "Had I been led through Liddesdale,
+   "And thirty horsemen guarding me,
+  "And Christie Gramme been at my back,
+   "Sae soon as he had set me free!
+
+  "I've lost my hopes, I've lost my joy,
+   "I've lost the key but and the lock;
+  "I durst hae ridden the world round,
+   "Had Christie Graeme been at my back."
+
+[Footnote A: The ostler's copy reads very characteristically-- "It was
+all for good wine and _hay_."]
+
+[Footnote B: _Ackward_--Backward.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Moodie-hill_--Mole-hill.]
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART. IN TWO PARTS.
+
+
+Duels, as may be seen from the two preceding ballads, are derived from
+the times of chivalry. They succeeded to the _combat at outrance_,
+about the end of the sixteenth century; and, though they were no longer
+countenanced by the laws, nor considered a solemn appeal to the Deity,
+nor honoured by the presence of applauding monarchs and multitudes, yet
+they were authorised by the manners of the age, and by the applause of
+the fair.[A] They long continued, they even yet continue, to be appealed
+to, as the test of truth; since, by the code of honour, every gentleman
+is still bound to repel a charge of falsehood with the point of his
+sword, and at the peril of his life. This peculiarity of manners, which
+would have surprised an ancient Roman, is obviously deduced from the
+Gothic ordeal of trial by combat. Nevertheless, the custom of duelling
+was considered, at its first introduction, as an innovation upon the law
+of arms; and a book, in two huge volumes, entituled _Le vrai Theatre
+d' Honneur et de la Chivalerie_, was written by a French nobleman,
+to support the venerable institutions of chivalry against this
+unceremonious mode of combat. He has chosen for his frontispiece two
+figures; the first represents a conquering knight, trampling his enemy
+under foot in the lists, crowned by Justice with laurel, and preceded by
+Fame, sounding his praises. The other figure presents a duellist, in
+his shirt, as was then the fashion (see the following ballad), with his
+bloody rapier in his hand: the slaughtered combatant is seen in the
+distance, and the victor is pursued by the Furies. Nevertheless, the
+wise will make some scruple, whether, if the warriors were to change
+equipments, they might not also exchange their emblematic attendants.
+The modern mode of duel, without defensive armour, began about the reign
+of Henry III. of France, when the gentlemen of that nation, as we learn
+from Davila, began to lay aside the cumbrous lance and cuirass, even in
+war. The increase of danger being supposed to contribute to the increase
+of honour, the national ardour of the french gallants led them early to
+distinguish themselves by neglect of every thing, that could contribute
+to their personal safety. Hence, duels began to be fought by the
+combatants in their shirts, and with the rapier only. To this custom
+contributed also the art of fencing, then cultivated as a new study in
+Italy and Spain, by which the sword became, at once, an offensive and
+defensive weapon. The reader will see the new "science of defence," as
+it was called, ridiculed by Shakespeare, in _Romeo and Juliet_, and
+by Don Quevedo, in some of his novels. But the more ancient customs
+continued for some time to maintain their ground. The sieur Colombiere
+mentions two gentlemen, who fought with equal advantage for a whole day,
+in all the panoply of chivalry, and, the next day, had recourse to the
+modern mode of combat. By a still more extraordinary mixture of ancient
+and modern fashions, two combatants on horseback ran a tilt at each
+other with lances, without any covering but their shirts.
+
+[Footnote A: "All things being ready for the ball, and every one being
+in their place, and I myself being next to the queen (of France),
+expecting when the dancers would come in, one knockt at the door
+somewhat louder than became, as I thought, a very civil person. When he
+came in, I remember there was a sudden whisper among the ladies, saying,
+'C'est Monsieur Balagny,' or, 'tis Monsieur Balagny; whereupon, also,
+I saw the ladies and gentlewomen, one after another, invite him to sit
+near them; and, which is more, when one lady had his company a while,
+another would say, 'you have enjoyed him long enough; I must have him
+now;' at which bold civility of theirs, though I were astonished, yet it
+added unto my wonder, that his person could not be thought, at most, but
+ordinary handsome; his hair, which was cut very short, half grey, his
+doublet but of sackcloth, cut to his shirt, and his breeches only of
+plain grey cloth. Informing myself of some standers by who he was, I was
+told he was one of the gallantest men in the world, as having killed
+eight or nine men in single fight; and that, for this reason, the ladies
+made so much of him; it being the manner of all French women to cherish
+gallant men, as thinking they could not make so much of any one else,
+with the safety of their honour."--_Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury,_
+p. 70. How near the character of the duellist, originally, approached to
+that of the knight-errant, appears from a transaction, which took place
+at the siege of Juliers, betwixt this Balagny and Lord Herbert. As
+these two noted duellists stood together in the trenches, the Frenchman
+addressed Lord Herbert: _"Monsieur, on dit que vous etes un des plus
+braves de votre nation, et je suis Balagny; allons voir qui fera le
+mieux."_ With these words, Balagny jumped over the trench, and Herbert
+as speedily following, both ran sword in hand towards the defences
+of the besieged town, which welcomed their approach with a storm of
+musquetry and artillery. Balagny then observed, this was hot service;
+but Herbert swore, he would not turn back first; so the Frenchman was
+finally fain to set him the example or retreat. Notwithstanding the
+advantage which he had gained over Balagny, in this "jeopardy of war,"
+Lord Herbert seems still to have grudged that gentleman's astonishing
+reputation; for he endeavoured to pick a quarrel with him, on the
+romantic score of the worth of their mistresses; and, receiving a
+ludicrous answer, told him, with disdain, that he spoke more like a
+_palliard_ than a _cavalier_. From such instances the reader may judge,
+whether the age of chivalry did not endure somewhat longer than is
+generally supposed.]
+
+When armour was laid aside, the consequence was, that the first duels
+were very sanguinary, terminating frequently in the death of one, and
+sometimes, as in the ballad, of both persons engaged. Nor was this all:
+The seconds, who had nothing to do with the quarrel, fought stoutly,
+_pour se desennuyer_, and often sealed with their blood their friendship
+for their principal. A desperate combat, fought between Messrs Entraguet
+and Caylus, is said to have been the first, in which this fashion of
+promiscuous fight was introduced. It proved fatal to two of Henry the
+Third's minions, and extracted from that sorrowing monarch an edict
+against duelling, which was as frequently as fruitlessly renewed by his
+successors. The use of rapier and poniard together,[A] was another cause
+of the mortal slaughter in these duels, which were supposed, in the
+reign of Henry IV., to have cost France at least as many of her nobles
+as had fallen in the civil wars. With these double weapons, frequent
+instances occurred, in which a duellist, mortally wounded, threw himself
+within his antagonist's guard, and plunged his poniard into his heart.
+Nay, sometimes the sword was altogether abandoned for the more sure
+and murderous dagger. A quarrel having arisen betwixt the vicompte d'
+Allemagne and the sieur de la Roque, the former, alleging the youth and
+dexterity of his antagonist, insisted upon fighting the duel in their
+shirts, and with their poniards only; a desperate mode of conflict,
+which proved fatal to both. Others refined even upon this horrible
+struggle, by chusing for the scene a small room, a large hogshead, or,
+finally, a hole dug in the earth, into which the duellists descended, as
+into a certain grave.--Must I add, that even women caught the phrenzy,
+and that duels were fought, not only by those whose rank and character
+rendered it little surprising, but by modest and well-born maidens!
+_Audiguier Traite de Duel. Theatre D' Honneur,_ Vol. I.[B]
+
+[Footnote A: It appears from a line in the black-letter copy of the
+following ballad, that Wharton and Stuart fought with rapier and dagger:
+
+  With that stout Wharton was the first
+  Took _rapier_ and _poniard_ there that day.
+      _Ancient Songs,_ 1792, p. 204.]
+
+[Footnote B: This folly ran to such a pitch, that no one was thought
+worthy to be reckoned a gentleman, who had not tried his valour in at
+least one duel; of which Lord Herbert gives the following instance:--A
+young gentleman, desiring to marry a niece of Monsieur Disaucour,
+_ecuyer_ to the duke de Montmorenci, received this answer: "Friend, it
+is not yet time to marry; if you will be a brave man, you must first
+kill, in single combat, two or three men; then marry, and get two or
+three children; otherwise the world will neither have gained or lost by
+you." HERBERT'S _Life_, p. 64.]
+
+We learn, from every authority, that duels became nearly as common in
+England, after the accession of James VI., as they had ever been in
+France. The point of honour, so fatal to the gallants of the age, was no
+where carried more highly than at the court of the pacific _Solomon_
+of Britain. Instead of the feudal combats, upon the _Hie-gate of
+Edinburgh_, which had often disturbed his repose at Holy-rood, his
+levees, at Theobald's, were occupied with listening to the detail of
+more polished, but not less sanguinary, contests. I rather suppose, that
+James never was himself disposed to pay particular attention to the laws
+of the _duello;_ but they were defined with a quaintness and pedantry,
+which, bating his dislike to the subject, must have deeply interested
+him. The point of honour was a science, which a grown gentleman might
+study under suitable professors, as well as dancing, or any other
+modish accomplishment. Nay, it would appear, that the ingenuity of
+the _sword-men_ (so these military casuists were termed) might often
+accommodate a bashful combatant with an honourable excuse for declining
+the combat:
+
+   --Understand'st them well nice points of duel?
+  Art born of gentle blood and pure descent?
+  Were none of all thy lineage hang'd, or cuckold?
+  Bastard or bastinadoed? Is thy pedigree
+  As long, as wide as mine? For otherwise
+  Thou wert most unworthy; and 'twere loss of honour
+  In me to fight. More: I have drawn five teeth--
+  If thine stand sound, the terms are much unequal;
+  And, by strict laws of duel, I am excused
+  To fight on disadvantage.--
+      _Albumazar,_ Act IV. Sc. 7.
+
+In Beaumont and Fletcher's admirable play of _A King and no King_, there
+is some excellent mirth at the expence of the professors of the point of
+honour.
+
+But, though such shifts might occasionally be resorted to by the
+faint-hearted, yet the fiery cavaliers of the English court were but
+little apt to profit by them; though their vengeance for insulted honour
+sometimes vented itself through fouler channels than that of fair combat
+It happened, for example, that Lord Sanquhar, a Scottish nobleman, in
+fencing with a master of the noble science of defence, lost his eye by
+an unlucky thrust. The accident was provoking, but without remedy; nor
+did Lord Sanquhar think of it, unless with regret, until some years
+after, when he chanced to be in the French court. Henry the Great
+casually asked him, how he lost his eye? "By the thrust of a sword,"
+answered Lord Sanquhar, not caring to enter into particulars. The king,
+supposing the accident the consequence of a duel, immediately enquired,
+"Does the man yet live?" These few words set the blood of the Scottish
+nobleman on fire; nor did he rest till he had taken the base vengeance
+of assassinating, by hired ruffians, the unfortunate fencing-master. The
+mutual animosity betwixt the English and Scottish nations, had already
+occasioned much bloodshed among the gentry, by single combat; and James
+now found himself under the necessity of making a striking example of
+one of his Scottish nobles, to avoid the imputation of the grossest
+partiality. Lord Sanquhar was condemned to be hanged, and suffered that
+ignominious punishment accordingly.
+
+By a circuitous route, we are now arrived at the subject of our ballad;
+for, to the tragical duel of Stuart and Wharton, and to other instances
+of bloody combats and brawls betwixt the two nations, is imputed James's
+firmness in the case of Lord Sanquhar.
+
+"For Ramsay, one of the king's servants, not long before Sanquhar's
+trial, had switched the earl of Montgomery, who was the king's first
+favourite, happily because he tooke it so. Maxwell, another of them, had
+bitten Hawley, a gentleman of the Temple, by the ear, which enraged the
+Templars (in those times riotous, and subject to tumults), and brought
+it allmost to a national quarrel, till the king slept in, and took it up
+himself.--The Lord Bruce had summoned Sir Edward Sackville (afterward
+earl of Dorset), into France, with a fatal compliment, to take death
+from his hand.[A] _And the much lamented Sir James Stuart, one of the
+king's blood, and Sir George Wharton, the prime branch of that noble
+family, for little worthless punctilios of honor (being intimate
+friends), took the field, and fell together by each others
+hand."_--WILSON'S Life of James VI. p. 60.
+
+[Footnote A: See an account of this desperate duel in the _Guardian_.]
+
+The sufferers in this melancholy affair were both men of high birth, the
+heirs apparent of two noble families, and youths of the most promising
+expectation. Sir James Stuart was a knight of the Bath, and eldest
+son of Walter, first lord Blantyre, by Nicolas, daughter of Sir James
+Somerville, of Cambusnethan. Sir George Wharton was also a knight of the
+Bath, and eldest son of Philip, lord Wharton, by Frances, daughter of
+Henry Clifford, earl of Cumberland. He married Anne, daughter of the
+earl of Rutland, but left no issue.
+
+The circumstances of the quarrel and combat are accurately detailed in
+the ballad, of which there exists a black-letter copy in the Pearson
+Collection, now in the library of the late John duke of Roxburghe,
+entitled, "A Lamentable Ballad, of a Combate, lately fought, near
+London, between Sir James Stewarde, and Sir George Wharton, knights,
+who were both slain at that time.--To the tune of, _Down Plumpton Park,
+&c_." A copy of this ballad has been published in Mr Ritson's _Ancient
+Songs_, and, upon comparison, appears very little different from that
+which has been preserved by tradition in Ettrick Forest. Two verses have
+been added, and one considerably improved, from Mr Ritson's edition.
+These three stanzas are the fifth and ninth of Part First, and the
+penult verse of Part Second. I am thus particular, that the reader may
+be able, if he pleases, to compare the traditional ballad with the
+original edition. It furnishes striking evidence, that, "without
+characters, fame lives long." The difference, chiefly to be remarked
+betwixt the copies, lies in the dialect, and in some modifications
+applicable to Scotland; as, using the words _"Our Scottish Knight."_
+The black-letter ballad, in like manner, terms Wharton _"Our English
+Knight."_ My correspondent, James Hogg, adds the following note to this
+ballad: "I have heard this song sung by several old people; but all
+of them with this tradition, that Wharton bribed Stuart's second, and
+actually fought in armour. I acknowledge, that, from some dark hints in
+the song, this appears not impossible; but, that you may not judge
+too rashly, I must remind you, that the old people, inhabiting the
+head-lands (high grounds) hereabouts, although possessed of many
+original songs, traditions, and anecdotes, are most unreasonably partial
+when the valour or honour of a Scotsman is called in question." I
+retain this note, because it is characteristic; but I agree with my
+correspondent, there can be no foundation for the tradition, except in
+national partiality.
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.
+
+PART FIRST.
+
+
+  It grieveth me to tell you o'
+   Near London late what did befal,
+  'Twixt two young gallant gentlemen;
+   It grieveth me, and ever shall.
+
+  One of them was Sir George Wharton,
+   My good Lord Wharton's son and heir;
+  The other, James Stuart, a Scottish knight,
+   One that a valiant heart did bear.
+
+  When first to court these nobles came,
+   One night, a gaining, fell to words;
+  And in their fury grew so hot,
+   That they did both try their keen swords.
+
+  No manner of treating, nor advice,
+   Could hold from striking in that place;
+  For, in the height and heat of blood,
+   James struck George Wharton on the face.
+
+  "What doth this mean," George Wharton said,
+   "To strike in such unmanly sort?
+  "But, that I take it at thy hands,
+   "The tongue of man shall ne'er report!"
+
+  "But do thy worst, then," said Sir James,
+   "Now do thy worst! appoint a day!
+  "There's not a lord in England breathes
+   "Shall gar me give an inch of way."
+
+  "Ye brag right weel," George Wharton said;
+   "Let our brave lords at large alane,
+  "And speak of me, that am thy foe;
+   "For you shall find enough o' ane!
+
+  "I'll alterchange my glove wi' thine;
+   "I'll show it on the bed o' death;
+  "I mean the place where we shall fight;
+   "There ane or both maun lose life and breath!"
+
+  "We'll meet near Waltham," said Sir James;
+   "To-morrow, that shall be the day.
+  "We'll either take a single man,
+   "And try who bears the bell away."
+
+  Then down together hands they shook,
+   Without any envious sign;
+  Then went to Ludgate, where they lay,
+   And each man drank his pint of wine.
+
+  No kind of envy could be seen,
+   No kind of malice they did betray;
+  But a' was clear and calm as death,
+   Whatever in their bosoms lay,
+
+  Till parting time; and then, indeed,
+   They shew'd some rancour in their heart;
+  "Next time we meet," says George Wharton,
+   "Not half sae soundly we shall part!"
+
+  So they have parted, firmly bent
+   Their valiant minds equal to try:
+  The second part shall clearly show,
+   Both how they meet, and how they dye.
+
+
+
+THE DUEL OF WHARTON AND STUART.
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+  George Wharton was the first ae man,
+   Came to the appointed place that day,
+  Where he espyed our Scots lord coming,
+   As fast as he could post away.
+
+  They met, shook hands; their cheeks were pale;
+   Then to George Wharton James did say,
+  "I dinna like your doublet, George,
+   "It stands sae weel on you this day.
+
+  "Say, have you got no armour on?
+   "Have ye no under robe of steel?
+  "I never saw an English man
+   "Become his doublet half sae weel."
+
+  "Fy no! fy no!" George Wharton said,
+   "For that's the thing that mauna be,
+  "That I should come wi' armour on,
+   "And you a naked man truly."
+
+  "Our men shall search our doublets, George,
+   "And see if one of us do lie;
+  "Then will we prove, wi' weapons sharp,
+   "Ourselves true gallants for to be."
+
+  Then they threw off their doublets both,
+   And stood up in their sarks o' lawn;
+  "Now, take my counsel," said Sir James,
+   "Wharton, to thee I'll make it knawn:
+
+  "So as we stand, so will we fight;
+   "Thus naked in our sarks," said he;
+  "Fy no! fy no!" George Wharton says;
+   "That is the thing that must not be.
+
+  "We're neither drinkers, quarrellers,
+   "Nor men that cares na for oursel;
+  "Nor minds na what we're gaun about,
+   "Or if we're gaun to heav'n or hell.
+
+  "Let us to God bequeath our souls,
+   "Our bodies to the dust and clay!"
+  With that he drew his deadly sword,
+   The first was drawn on field that day.
+
+  Se'en bouts and turns these heroes had,
+   Or e'er a drop o' blood was drawn;
+  Our Scotch lord, wond'ring, quickly cry'd,
+   "Stout Wharton! thou still hauds thy awn!"
+
+  The first stroke that George Wharton gae,
+   He struck him thro' the shoulder-bane;
+  The neist was thro' the thick o' the thigh;
+   He thought our Scotch lord had been slain.
+
+  "Oh! ever alak!" George Wharton cry'd,
+   "Art thou a living man, tell me?
+  "If there's a surgeon living can,
+   "He'se cure thy wounds right speedily."
+
+  "No more of that!" James Stuart said;
+   "Speak not of curing wounds to me!
+  "For one of us must yield our breath,
+   "Ere off the field one foot we flee."
+
+  They looked oure their shoulders both,
+   To see what company was there;
+  They both had grievous marks of death,
+   But frae the other nane wad steer.
+
+  George Wharton was the first that fell;
+   Our Scotch lord fell immediately:
+  They both did cry to Him above,
+   To save their souls, for they boud die.
+
+
+
+THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.
+
+
+This fragment, obtained from recitation in the Forest of Ettrick, is
+said to relate to the execution of Cokburne of Henderland, a border
+freebooter, hanged over the gate of his own tower by James V., in the
+course of that memorable expedition, in 1529, which was fatal to Johnie
+Armstrang, Adam Scott of Tushielaw, and many other marauders. The
+vestiges of the castle of Henderland are still to be traced upon the
+farm of that name, belonging to Mr Murray of Henderland. They are
+situated near the mouth of the river Meggat, which falls into the lake
+of St Mary, in Selkirkshire. The adjacent country, which now hardly
+bears a single tree, is celebrated by Lesly, as, in his time, affording
+shelter to the largest stags in Scotland. A mountain torrent, called
+Henderland Burn, rushes impetuously from the hills, through a rocky
+chasm, named the Dow-glen, and passes near the site of the tower. To the
+recesses of this glen the wife of Cokburne is said to have retreated,
+during the execution of her husband; and a place, called the _Lady's
+Seat_, is still shewn, where she is said to have striven to drown, amid
+the roar of a foaming cataract, the tumultuous noise, which announced
+the close of his existence. In a deserted burial-place, which once
+surrounded the chapel of the castle, the monument of Cokburne and his
+lady is still shewn. It is a large stone, broken into three parts; but
+some armorial bearings may be yet traced, and the following inscription
+is still legible, though defaced:
+
+HERE LYES PERYS OF COKBURNE AND HIS WYFE MARJORY.
+
+Tradition says, that Cokburne was surprised by the king, while sitting
+at dinner. After the execution, James marched rapidly forward, to
+surprise Adam Scott of Tushielaw, called the King of the Border, and
+sometimes the King of Thieves. A path through the mountains, which
+separate the vale of Ettrick from the head of Yarrow, is still called
+the _King's Road_, and seems to have been the rout which he followed.
+The remains of the tower of Tushielaw are yet visible, overhanging the
+wild banks of the Ettrick; and are an object of terror to the benighted
+peasant, from an idea of their being haunted by spectres. From these
+heights, and through the adjacent county of Peebles, passes a wild path,
+called still the _Thief's Road_, from having been used chiefly by the
+marauders of the border.
+
+
+
+THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER WIDOW.
+
+
+  My love he built me a bonny bower,
+  And clad it a' wi' lilye flour;
+  A brawer bower ye ne'er did see,
+  Than my true love he built for me.
+
+  There came a man, by middle day,
+  He spied his sport, and went away;
+  And brought the king that very night,
+  Who brake my bower, and slew my knight.
+
+  He slew my knight, to me sae dear;
+  He slew my knight, and poin'd[A] his gear;
+  My servants all for life did flee,
+  And left me in extremitie.
+
+  I sew'd his sheet, making my mane;
+  I watched the corpse, myself alane;
+  I watched his body, night and day;
+  No living creature came that way.
+
+  I took his body on my back,
+  And whiles I gaed, and whiles I satte;
+  I digg'd a grave, and laid him in,
+  And happ'd him with the sod sae green.
+
+  But think na ye my heart was sair,
+  When I laid the moul on his yellow hair?
+  O think na ye my heart was wae,
+  When I turn'd about, away to gae?
+
+  Nae living man I'll love again,
+  Since that my lovely knight is slain;
+  Wi' ae lock of his yellow hair
+  I'll chain my heart for evermair.
+
+[Footnote A: _Poin'd_--Poinded, attached by legal distress.]
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN OF KIRCONNELL.
+
+
+The following very popular ballad has been handed down by tradition in
+its present imperfect state. The affecting incident, on which it is
+founded, is well known. A lady, of the name of Helen Irving, or Bell,[A]
+(for this is disputed by the two clans) daughter of the laird of
+Kirconnell, in Dumfries-shire, and celebrated for her beauty, was
+beloved by two gentlemen in the neighbourhood. The name of the favoured
+suitor was Adam Fleming, of Kirkpatrick; that of the other has escaped
+tradition; though it has been alleged, that he was a Bell, of Blacket
+House. The addresses of the latter were, however, favoured by the
+friends of the lady, and the lovers were therefore obliged to meet in
+secret, and by night, in the church-yard of Kirconnell, a romantic spot,
+surrounded by the river Kirtle. During one of those private interviews,
+the jealous and despised lover suddenly appeared on the opposite bank of
+the stream, and levelled his carabine at the breast of his rival. Helen
+threw herself before her lover, received in her bosom the bullet, and
+died in his arms. A desperate and mortal combat ensued between Fleming
+and the murderer, in which the latter was cut to pieces. Other accounts
+say, that Fleming pursued his enemy to Spain, and slew him in the
+streets of Madrid.
+
+[Footnote A: This dispute is owing to the uncertain date of the ballad;
+for, although the last proprietors if Kirconnell were Irvings, when
+deprived of their possession by Robert Maxwell in 1600, yet Kirconnell
+is termed in old chronicles _The Bell's Tower;_ and a stone, with the
+arms of that family, has been found among its ruins. Fair Helen's
+sirname, therefore, depends upon the period at which she lived, which it
+is now impossible to ascertain.]
+
+The ballad, as now published, consists of two parts. The first seems to
+be an address, either by Fleming or his rival, to the lady; if, indeed,
+it constituted any portion of the original poem. For the editor cannot
+help suspecting, that these verses have been the production of a
+different and inferior bard, and only adapted to the original measure
+and tune. But this suspicion, being unwarranted by any copy he has been
+able to procure, he does not venture to do more than intimate his own
+opinion. The second part, by far the most beautiful, and which is
+unquestionably original, forms the lament of Fleming over the grave of
+fair Helen.
+
+The ballad is here given, without alteration or improvement, from the
+most accurate copy which could be recovered. The fate of Helen has not,
+however, remained unsung by modern bards. A lament, of great poetical
+merit, by the learned historian Mr Pinkerton, with several other poems
+on this subject, have been printed in various forms.
+
+The grave of the lovers is yet shewn in the church-yard of Kirconnell,
+near Springkell. Upon the tomb-stone can still be read--_Hie jacet
+Adamus Fleming;_ a cross and sword are sculptured on the stone. The
+former is called, by the country people, the gun with which Helen was
+murdered; and the latter, the avenging sword of her lover. _Sit illis
+terra levis!_ A heap of stones is raised on the spot where the murder
+was committed; a token of abhorrence common to most nations.[A]
+
+[Footnote A: This practice has only very lately become obsolete in
+Scotland. The editor remembers, that, a few years ago, a cairn was
+pointed out to him in the King's Park of Edinburgh, which had been
+raised in detestation of a cruel murder, perpetrated by one Nicol
+Muschet, on the body of his wife, in that place, in the year 1720.]
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN.
+
+PART FIRST.
+
+
+  O! sweetest sweet, and fairest fair,
+  Of birth and worth beyond compare,
+  Thou art the causer of my care,
+  Since first I loved thee.
+
+  Yet God hath given to me a mind,
+  The which to thee shall prove as kind
+  As any one that thou shalt find,
+  Of high or low degree.
+
+  The shallowest water makes maist din,
+  The deadest pool the deepest linn.
+  The richest man least truth within,
+  Though he preferred be.
+
+  Yet, nevertheless, I am content,
+  And never a whit my love repent,
+  But think the time was a' weel spent,
+   Though I disdained be.
+
+  O! Helen sweet, and maist complete,
+  My captive spirit's at thy feet!
+  Thinks thou still fit thus for to treat
+   Thy captive cruelly?
+
+  O! Helen brave! but this I crave,
+  Of thy poor slave some pity have,
+  And do him save that's near his grave,
+   And dies for love of thee.
+
+
+
+FAIR HELEN.
+
+PART SECOND.
+
+
+  I wish I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  O that I were where Helen lies,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee!
+
+  Curst be the heart, that thought the thought,
+  And curst the hand, that fired the shot,
+  When in my arms burd[A] Helen dropt,
+   And died to succour me!
+
+  O think na ye my heart was sair,
+  When my love dropt down and spak nae mair!
+  There did she swoon wi' meikle care,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  As I went down the water side,
+  None but my foe to be my guide.
+  None but my foe to be my guide,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I lighted down, my sword did draw,
+  I hacked him in pieces sma,
+  I hacked him in pieces sma,
+   For her sake that died for me.
+
+  O Helen fair, beyond compare!
+  I'll make a garland of thy hair,
+  Shall bind my heart for evermair,
+   Untill the day I die.
+
+  O that I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  Out of my bed she bids me rise,
+   Says, "haste, and come to me!"
+
+  O Helen fair! O Helen chaste!
+  If I were with thee I were blest,
+  Where thou lies low, and takes thy rest,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I wish my grave were growing green,
+  A winding sheet drawn ower my een,
+  And I in Helen's arms lying,
+   On fair Kirconnell Lee.
+
+  I wish I were where Helen lies!
+  Night and day on me she cries;
+  And I am weary of the skies,
+   For her sake that died for me.
+
+[Footnote A: _Burd Helen_--Maid Helen.]
+
+
+
+HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+The Graemes, as we have had frequent occasion to notice, were a powerful
+and numerous clan, who chiefly inhabited the Debateable Land. They were
+said to be of Scottish extraction, and their chief claimed his descent
+from Malice, earl of Stratherne. In military service, they were more
+attached to England than to Scotland; but, in their depredations on both
+countries, they appear to have been very impartial; for, in the year
+1600, the gentlemen of Cumberland alleged to Lord Scroope, "that the
+Graemes, and their clans, with their children, tenants, and servants,
+were the chiefest actors in the spoil and decay of the country."
+Accordingly, they were, at that time, obliged to give a bond of surety
+for each other's peaceable demeanour; from which bond, their numbers
+appear to have exceeded four hundred men.--See _Introduction to_
+NICOLSON'S _History of Cumberland,_ p. cviii.
+
+Richard Graeme, of the family of Netherbye, was one of the attendants
+upon Charles I., when prince of Wales, and accompanied him upon his
+romantic journey through France and Spain. The following little
+anecdote, which then occurred, will shew, that the memory of the
+Graemes' border exploits was at that time still preserved.
+
+"They were now entered into the deep time of Lent, and could get no
+flesh in their inns. Whereupon fell out a pleasant passage, if I may
+insert it, by the way, among more serious. There was, near Bayonne,
+a herd of goats, with their young ones; upon the sight whereof, Sir
+Richard Graham tells the marquis (of Buckingham), that he would snap one
+of the kids, and make some shift to carry him snug to their lodging.
+Which the prince overhearing, 'Why, Richard,' says he, 'do you think you
+may practise here your old tricks upon the borders?' Upon which words,
+they, in the first place, gave the goat-herd good contentment; and then,
+while the marquis and Richard, being both on foot, were chasing the kid
+about the stack, the prince, from horseback, killed him in the head,
+with a Scottish pistol.--Which circumstance, though trifling, may yet
+serve to shew how his Royal Highness, even in such slight and sportful
+damage, had a noble sense of just dealing."--_Sir_ HENRY WOTTON'S _Life
+of the Duke of Buckingham._
+
+I find no traces of this particular Hughie Graeme, of the ballad; but,
+from the mention of the _Bishop_, I suspect he may have been one, of
+about four hundred borderers, against whom bills of complaint were
+exhibited to Robert Aldridge, lord bishop of Carlisle, about 1553, for
+divers incursions, burnings, murders, mutilations, and spoils, by them
+committed.--NICHOLSON'S _History, Introduction_, lxxxi. There appear
+a number of Graemes, in the specimen which we have of that list of
+delinquents. There occur, in particular,
+
+  Ritchie Grame of Bailie,
+  Will's Jock Grame,
+  Fargue's Willie Grame,
+  Muckle Willie Grame,
+  Will Grame of Rosetrees,
+  Ritchie Grame, younger of Netherby,
+  Wat Grame, called Flaughtail,
+  Will Grame, Nimble Willie,
+  Will Grahame, Mickle Willie,
+
+with many others.
+
+In Mr Ritson's curious and valuable collection of legendary poetry,
+entitled _Ancient Songs_, he has published this Border ditty, from a
+collation of two old black-letter copies, one in the collection of the
+late John duke of Roxburghe, and another in the hands of John Bayne,
+Esq.--The learned editor mentions another copy, beginning, "Good Lord
+John is a hunting gone." The present edition was procured for me by
+my friend Mr W. Laidlaw, in Blackhouse, and has been long current in
+Selkirkshire. Mr Ritson's copy has occasionally been resorted to for
+better readings.
+
+
+
+HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+  Gude Lord Scroope's to the hunting gane,
+   He has ridden o'er moss and muir;
+  And he has grippit Hughie the Graeme,
+   For stealing o' the Bishop's mare.
+
+  "Now, good Lord Scroope, this may not be!
+   "Here hangs a broad sword by my side;
+  "And if that thou canst conquer me,
+   "The matter it may soon be tryed."
+
+  "I ne'er was afraid of a traitor thief;
+   "Although thy name be Hughie the Graeme,
+  "I'll make thee repent thee of thy deeds,
+   "If God but grant me life and time."
+
+  "Then do your worst now, good Lord Scroope,
+   "And deal your blows as hard as you can!
+  "It shall be tried, within an hour,
+   "Which of us two is the better man."
+
+  But as they were dealing their blows so free,
+   And both so bloody at the time,
+  Over the moss came ten yeomen so tall,
+   All for to take brave Hughie the Graeme.
+
+  Then they hae grippit Hughie the Graeme,
+   And brought him up through Carlisle town;
+  The lasses and lads stood on the walls,
+   Crying, "Hughie the Graeme, thou'se ne'er gae down!"
+
+  Then hae they chosen a jury of men,
+   The best that were in Carlisle[A] town;
+  And twelve of them cried out at once,
+   "Hughie the Graeme, thou must gae down!"
+
+  Then up bespake him gude Lord Hume,[B]
+   As he sat by the judge's knee,--
+  "Twentie white owsen, my gude lord,
+   "If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me."
+
+  "O no, O no, my gude Lord Hume!
+   "For sooth and sae it manna be;
+  "For, were there but three Graemes of the name,
+   "They suld be hanged a' for me."
+
+  'Twas up and spake the gude Lady Hume,
+   As she sate by the judge's knee,--
+  A peck of white pennies, my gude lord judge,
+   "If you'll grant Hughie the Graeme to me."
+
+  "O no, O no, my gude Lady Hume!
+   "Forsooth and so it mustna be;
+  "Were he but the one Graeme of the name,
+   "He suld be hanged high for me."
+
+  "If I be guilty," said Hughie the Graeme,
+   "Of me my friends shall hae small talk;"
+  And he has loup'd fifteen feet and three,
+   Though his hands they were tied behind his back.
+
+  He looked over his left shoulder,
+   And for to see what he might see;
+  There was he aware of his auld father,
+   Came tearing his hair most piteouslie.
+
+  "O hald your tongue, my father," he says,
+   "And see that ye dinna weep for me!
+  "For they may ravish me o' my life,
+   "But they canna banish me fro' heaven hie.'
+
+  "Fare ye weel, fair Maggie, my wife!
+   "The last time we came ower the muir,
+  "'Twas thou bereft me of my life,
+   "And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore.
+
+  "Here, Johnie Armstrang, take thou my sword,
+   "That is made o' the metal sae fine;
+  "And when thou comest to the English[C] side,
+   "Remember the death of Hughie the Graeme."
+
+
+[Footnote A: _Garlard_--Anc. Songs.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Boles_--Anc. Songs.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Border_--Anc, Songs.]
+
+
+
+NOTE ON HUGHIE THE GRAEME.
+
+
+_And wi' the Bishop thou play'd the whore._--P. 326, v. 9.
+
+Of the morality of Robert Aldridge, bishop of Carlisle, we know but
+little; but his political and religious faith were of a stretching and
+accommodating texture. Anthony a Wood observes, that there were many
+changes in his time, both in church and state; but that the worthy
+prelate retained his offices and preferments during them all.
+
+
+
+JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.
+
+AN ANCIENT NITHESDALE BALLAD.
+
+
+The hero of this ballad appears to have been an outlaw and
+deer-stealer--probably one of the broken men residing upon the border.
+There are several different copies, in one of which the principal
+personage is called _Johnie of Cockielaw_. The stanzas of greatest merit
+have been selected from each copy. It is sometimes said, that this
+outlaw possessed the old castle of Morton, in Dumfries-shire, now
+ruinous:--"Near to this castle there was a park, built by Sir Thomas
+Randolph, on the face of a very great and high hill; so artificially,
+that, by the advantage of the hill, all wild beasts, such as deers,
+harts, and roes, and hares, did easily leap in, but could not get out
+again; and if any other cattle, such as cows, sheep, or goats, did
+voluntarily leap in, or were forced to do it, _it is doubted_ if their
+owners were permitted to get them out again."--_Account of Presbytery
+of Penpont, apud Macfarlane's MSS._ Such a park would form a convenient
+domain to an outlaw's castle, and the mention of Durrisdeer, a
+neighbouring parish, adds weight to the tradition. I have seen, on a
+mountain near Callendar, a sort of pinfold, composed of immense rocks,
+piled upon each other, which, I was told, was anciently constructed for
+the above-mentioned purpose. The mountain is thence called _Uah var_, or
+the _Cove of the Giant_.
+
+
+
+JOHNIE OF BREADISLEE.
+
+AN ANCIENT NITHISDALE BALLAD.
+
+
+  Johnie rose up in a May morning,
+   Called for water to wash his hands--
+  "Gar loose to me the gude graie dogs
+   "That are bound wi' iron bands,"
+
+  When Johnie's mother gat word o' that,
+   Her hands for dule she wrang--
+  "O Johnie! for my benison,
+   "To the grenewood dinna gang!
+
+  "Eneugh ye hae o' the gude wheat bread,
+   "And eneugh o' the blude-red wine;
+  "And, therefore, for nae venison, Johnie,
+   "I pray ye, stir frae hame."
+
+  But Johnie's busk't up his gude bend bow,
+   His arrows, ane by ane;
+  And he has gane to Durrisdeer
+   To hunt the dun deer down.
+
+  As he came down by Merriemass,
+   And in by the benty line,
+  There has he espied a deer lying
+   Aneath a bush of ling.[A]
+
+  Johnie he shot, and the dun deer lap,
+   And he wounded her on the side;
+  But, atween the water and the brae,
+   His hounds they laid her pride.
+
+  And Johnie has bryttled[B] the deer sae weel,
+   That he's had out her liver and lungs;
+  And wi' these he has feasted his bludy hounds,
+   As if they had been erl's sons.
+
+  They eat sae much o' the venison,
+   And drank sae much o' the blude,
+  That Johnie and a' his bludy hounds
+   Fell asleep, as they had been dead.
+
+  And by there came a silly auld carle,
+   An ill death mote he die!
+  For he's awa to Hislinton,
+   Where the Seven Foresters did lie.
+
+  "What news, what news, ye gray-headed carle,
+   "What news bring ye to me?"
+  "I bring nae news," said the gray-headed carle,
+   "Save what these eves did see.
+
+  "As I came down by Merriemass,
+   "And down amang the scroggs,[C]
+  "The bonniest childe that ever I saw
+   "Lay sleeping amang his dogs.
+
+  "The shirt that was upon his back
+   "Was o' the Holland fine;
+  "The doublet which was over that
+   "Was o' the lincome twine.
+
+  "The buttons that were on his sleeve
+   "Were o' the goud sae gude;
+  "The gude graie hounds he lay amang,
+   "Their months were dyed wi' blude."
+
+  Then out and spak the First Forester,
+   The held man ower them a'--
+  If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,
+   "Nae nearer will we draw."
+
+  But up and spak the Sixth Forester,
+   (His sister's son was he)
+  "If this be Johnie o' Breadislee,
+   "We soon snall gar him die!"
+
+  The first flight of arrows the Foresters shot,
+   They wounded him on the knee;
+  And out and spak the Seventh Forester,
+   "The next will gar him die."
+
+  Johnie's set his back against an aik,
+     His fute against a stane;
+    And he has slain the Seven Foresters,
+     He has slam them a' but ane.
+
+    He has broke three ribs in that ane's side,
+     But and his collar bane;
+    He's laid him twa-fald ower his steed,
+     Bade him cany the tidings hame.
+
+    "O is there na a bonnie bird,
+     "Can sing as I can say;
+    "Could flee away to my mother's bower,
+     "And tell to fetch Johnie away?"
+
+    The starling flew to his mother's window stane,
+     It whistled and it sang;
+    And aye the ower word o' the tune
+     Was--"Johnie tarries lang!"
+
+  They made a rod o the hazel bush,
+   Another o' the slae-thorn tree,
+  And mony mony were the men
+   At fetching our Johnie.
+
+  Then out and spak his auld mother,
+   And fast her tears did fa'--
+  "Ye wad nae be warned, my son Johnie,
+   "Frae the hunting to bide awa.
+
+  "Aft hae I brought to Breadislee,
+   "The less gear[D] and the mair,
+  "But I ne'er brought to Breadislee,
+   "What grieved my heart sae sair!
+
+  "But wae betyde that silly auld carle!
+   "An ill death shall he die!
+  "For the highest tree in Merriemass
+   "Shall be his morning's fee."
+
+  Now Johnie's gude bend bow is broke,
+   And his gude graie dogs are slain;
+  And his body lies dead in Durrisdeer,
+   And his hunting it is done.
+
+[Footnote A: _Ling_--Heath.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Brytlled_--To cut up venison. See the ancient ballad of
+_Chevy Chace_, v. 8.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Scroggs_--Stunted trees.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Gear_--Usually signifies _goods_, but here _spoil_.]
+
+
+
+KATHERINE JANFARIE.
+
+
+_The Ballad was published in the first edition of this work, under the
+title of_ "The Laird of Laminton." _It is now given in a more perfect
+state, from several recited copies. The residence of the Lady, and the
+scene of the affray at her bridal, is said, by old people, to have been
+upon the banks of the Cadden, near to where it joins the Tweed. Others
+say the skirmish was fought near Traquair, and_ KATHERINE JANFARIE'S
+_dwelling was in the glen, about three miles above Traquair house._
+
+
+  There was a may, and a weel far'd may.,
+   Lived high up in yon glen;
+  Her name was Katherine Janfarie,
+   She was courted by mony men.
+
+  Up then came Lord Lauderdale,
+   Up frae the Lawland border;
+  And he has come to court this may,
+   A' mounted in good order.
+
+  He told na her father, he told na her mother,
+   And he told na ane o' her kin;
+  But he whisper'd the bonnie lassie hersel',
+   And has her favour won.
+
+  But out then cam Lord Lochinvar,
+   Out frae the English border,
+  All for to court this bonnie may,
+   Weil mounted, and in order.
+
+  He told her father, he told her mother,
+   And a' the lave o' her kin;
+  But he told na the bonnie may hersel',
+   Till on her wedding e'en.
+
+  She sent to the Lord of Lauderdale,
+   Gin he wad come and see;
+  And he has sent word back again,
+   Weel answered she suld be.
+
+  And he has sent a messenger
+   Right quickly through the land,
+  And raised mony an armed man
+   To be at his command.
+
+  The bride looked out at a high window,
+   Beheld baith dale and down,
+  And she was aware of her first true love,
+   With riders mony a one.
+
+  She scoffed him, and scorned him,
+   Upon her wedding day;
+  And said--"It was the Fairy court
+   "To see him in array!
+
+  "O come ye here to fight, young lord,
+   "Or come ye here to play?
+  "Or come ye here to drink good wine
+   "Upon the wedding day?"
+
+  "I come na here to fight," he said,
+   "I come na here to play;
+  "I'll but lead a dance wi' the bonnie bride,
+   "And mount and go my way."
+
+  It is a glass of the blood-red wine
+   Was filled up them between,
+  And aye she drank to Lauderdale,
+   Wha her true love had been.
+
+  He's ta'en her by the milk-white hand,
+   And by the grass-green sleeve;
+  He's mounted her hie behind himsell,
+   At her kinsmen spear'd na leave.
+
+  "Now take your bride, Lord Lochinvar!
+   "Now take her if you may!
+  "But, if you take your bride again,
+   "We'll call it but foul play."
+
+  There were four-and-twenty bonnie boys,
+   A' clad in the Johnstone grey;[A]
+  They said they would take the bride again,
+   By the strong hand, if they may.
+
+  Some o' them were right willing men,
+   But they were na willing a';
+  And four-and-twenty Leader lads
+   Bid them mount and ride awa'.
+
+  Then whingers flew frae gentles' sides,
+   And swords flew frae the shea's,
+  And red and rosy was the blood
+   Ran down the lily braes.
+
+  The blood ran down by Caddon bank,
+   And down by Caddon brae;
+  And, sighing, said the bonnie bride--
+   "O waes me for foul play!"
+
+  My blessing on your heart, sweet thing!
+   Wae to your willfu' will!
+  There's mony a gallant gentleman
+   Whae's blude ye have garr'd to spill.
+
+  Now a' you lords of fair England,
+   And that dwell by the English border,
+  Come never here to seek a wife,
+   For fear of sic disorder.
+
+  They'll haik ye up, and settle ye bye,
+   Till on your wedding day;
+  Then gie ye frogs instead of fish,
+   And play ye foul foul play.
+
+[Footnote A: _Johnstone grey_--The livery of the ancient family of
+Johnstone.]
+
+
+
+THE LAIRD O' LOGIE
+
+
+An edition of this ballad is current, under the title of "The Laird of
+Ochiltree;" but the editor, since publication of this work, has been
+fortunate enough to recover the following more correct and ancient copy,
+as recited by a gentleman residing near Biggar. It agrees more nearly,
+both in the name and in the circumstances, with the real fact, than the
+printed ballad of Ochiltree.
+
+In the year 1592, Francis Stuart, earl of Bothwell, was agitating his
+frantic and ill-concerted attempts against the person of James VI.,
+whom he endeavoured to surprise in the palace of Falkland. Through the
+emulation and private rancour of the courtiers, he found adherents even
+about the king's person; among whom, it seems, was the hero of our
+ballad, whose history is thus narrated in that curious and valuable
+chronicle, of which the first part has been published under the title
+of "The Historie of "King James the Sext," and the second is now in the
+press.
+
+"In this close tyme it fortunit, that a gentelman, callit Weymis of
+Logye, being also in credence at court, was delatit as a traffekker with
+Frances Erle Bothwell; and he being examinat before king and counsall,
+confessit his accusation to be of veritie, that sundrie tymes he had
+spokin with him, expresslie aganis the king's inhibitioun proclamit in
+the contrare, whilk confession he subscryvit with his hand; and because
+the event of this mater had sik a succes, it sall also be praysit be
+my pen, as a worthie turne, proceiding frome honest chest loove and
+charitie, whilk suld on na wayis be obscurit from the posteritie for the
+gude example; and therefore I have thought gude to insert the same for a
+perpetual memorie.
+
+"Queen Anne, our noble princess, was servit with dyverss gentilwemen
+of hir awin cuntrie, and naymelie with are callit Mres Margaret
+Twynstoun,[A] to whome this gentilman, Weymes of Logye, bure great
+honest affection, tending to the godlie band of marriage, the whilk was
+honestlie requytet be the said gentilwoman, yea evin in his greatest
+mister; for howsone she understude the said gentilman to be in distress,
+and apperantlie be his confession to be puueist to the death, and she
+having prevelege to ly in the queynis chalmer that same verie night of
+his accusation, whare the king was also reposing that same night, she
+came forth of the dur prevelie, bayth the prencis being then at quyet
+rest, and past to the chalmer, whare the said gentilman was put
+in custodie to certayne of the garde, and commandit thayme that
+immediatelie he sould be broght to the king and queyne, whareunto thay
+geving sure credence, obeyit. Bot howsone she was cum bak to the chalmer
+dur, she desyrit the watches to stay till he sould cum furth agayne, and
+so she closit the dur, and convoyit the gentilman to a windo', whare she
+ministrat a long corde unto him to convoy himself doun upon; and sa,
+be hir gude cheritable help, he happelie escapit be the subteltie of
+loove."
+
+[Footnote A: Twynelace, according to Spottiswoode.]
+
+
+
+THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.
+
+
+  I will sing, if ye will hearken,
+   If ye will hearken unto me;
+  The king has ta'en a poor prisoner,
+   The wanton laird o' young Logie.
+
+  Young Logie's laid in Edinburgh chapel;
+   Carmichael's the keeper o' the key;
+  And may Margaret's lamenting sair,
+   A' for the love of young Logie.
+
+  "Lament, lament na, may Margaret,
+   "And of your weeping let me be;
+  "For ye maun to the king himsell,
+   "To seek the life of young Logie."
+
+  May Margaret has kilted her green cleiding,
+  And she has curl'd back her yellow hair--
+  "If I canna get young Logie's life,
+  "Fareweel to Scotland for evermair."
+
+  When she came before the king,
+  She knelit lowly on her knee--
+  "O what's the matter, may Margaret?
+  "And what needs a' this courtesie?"
+
+  "A boon, a boon, my noble liege,
+  "A boon, a boon, I beg o' thee!
+  "And the first boon that I come to crave,
+  "Is to grant me the life of young Logic."
+
+  "O na, O na, may Margaret,
+  "Forsooth, and so it manna be;
+  "For a' the gowd o' fair Scotland
+  "Shall not save the life of young Logie."
+
+  But she has stown the king's redding kaim,[A]
+  Likewise the queen her wedding knife;
+  And sent the tokens to Carmichael,
+  To cause young Logic get his life.
+
+  She sent him a purse o' the red gowd,
+   Another o' the white monie;
+  She sent him a pistol for each hand,
+   And bade him shoot when he gat free.
+
+  When he came to the tolbooth stair,
+   There he let his volley flee;
+  It made the king in his chamber start,
+   E'en in the bed where he might be.
+
+  "Gae out, gae out, my merrymen a',
+   "And bid Carmichael come speak to me;
+  "For I'll lay my life the pledge o' that,
+   "That yon's the shot o' young Logie."
+
+  When Carmichael came before the king,
+   He fell low down upon his knee;
+  The very first word that the king spake,
+   Was--"Where's the laird of young Logie?"
+
+  Carmichael turn'd him round about,
+   (I wot the tear blinded his eye)
+  "There came a token frae your grace,
+   "Has ta'en away the laird frae me."
+
+  "Hast thou play'd me that, Carmichael?"
+   "And hast thou play'd me that?" quoth he;
+  "The morn the justice court's to stand,
+   "And Logic's place ye maun supply."
+
+  Carmichael's awa to Margaret's bower,
+   Even as fast as he may drie--
+  "O if young Logie be within,
+   "Tell him to come and speak with me!"
+
+  May Margaret turned her round about,
+   (I wot a loud laugh laughed she)
+  "The egg is chipped, the bird is flown,
+   "Ye'll see na mair of young Logie."
+
+  The tane is shipped at the pier of Leith,
+   The tother at the Queen's Ferrie;
+  And she's gotten a father to her bairn,
+   The wanton laird of young Logie.
+
+[Footnote A: _Redding kain_--Comb for the hair.]
+
+
+
+NOTE ON THE LAIRD O' LOGIE.
+
+
+_Carmichael's the keeper o' the key._--P. 344. v. 2.
+
+Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael, the hero of the ballad, called the
+Raid of the Reidswair, was appointed captain of the king's guard in
+1588, and usually had the keeping of state criminals of rank.
+
+
+
+A LYKE-WAKE DIRGE.
+
+
+This is a sort of charm, sung by the lower ranks of Roman Catholics, in
+some parts of the north of England, while watching a dead body, previous
+to interment. The tune is doleful and monotonous, and, joined to the
+mysterious import of the words, has a solemn effect. The word _sleet_,
+in the chorus, seems to be corrupted from _selt_, or salt; a quantity of
+which, in compliance with a popular superstition, is frequently placed
+on the breast of a corpse.
+
+The mythologic ideas of the dirge are common to various creeds. The
+Mahometan believes, that, in advancing to the final judgment seat, he
+must traverse a bar of red-hot iron, stretched across a bottomless
+gulph. The good works of each true believer, assuming a substantial
+form, will then interpose betwixt his feet and this _"Bridge of Dread;"_
+but the wicked, having no such protection, must fall headlong into the
+abyss.--D'HERBELOT, _Bibiotheque Orientale_.
+
+Passages, similar to this dirge, are also to be found in _Lady Culross's
+Dream_, as quoted in the second Dissertation prefixed by Mr Pinkerton
+to his _Select Scottish Ballads_, 2 vols. The dreamer journeys towards
+heaven, accompanied and assisted by a celestial guide:
+
+  Through dreadful dens, which made my heart aghast,
+  He bare me up when I began to tire.
+  Sometimes we clamb o'er craggy mountains high.
+  And sometimes stay'd on uglie braes of sand:
+  They were so stay that wonder was to see;
+  But, when I fear'd, he held me by the hand.
+  Through great deserts we wandered on our way--
+  Forward we passed on narrow bridge of trie,
+  O'er waters great, which hediously did roar.
+
+Again, she supposes herself suspended over an infernal gulph:
+
+  Ere I was ware, one gripped me at the last,
+  And held me high above a naming fire.
+  The fire was great; the heat did pierce me sore;
+  My faith grew weak.; my grip was very small;
+  I trembled fast; my fear grew more and more.
+
+A horrible picture of the same kind, dictated probably by the author's
+unhappy state of mind, is to be found in Brooke's _Fool of Quality_. The
+dreamer, a ruined female, is suspended over the gulph of perdition by
+a single hair, which is severed by a demon, who, in the form of her
+seducer springs upwards from the flames.
+
+The Russian funeral service, without any allegorical imagery, expresses
+the sentiment of the dirge in language alike simple and noble.
+
+"Hast thou pitied the afflicted, O man? In death shalt thou be pitied.
+Hast thou consoled the orphan? The orphan will deliver thee.
+Hast thou clothed the naked? The naked will procure thee
+protection."--RICHARDSON'S _Anecdotes of Russia._
+
+But the most minute description of the _Brig o' Dread_, occurs in the
+legend of _Sir Owain_, No. XL. in the MS. Collection of Romances, W.
+4.1. Advocates' Library, Edinburgh; though its position is not the same
+as in the dirge, which may excite a suspicion that the order of the
+stanzas in the latter has been transposed. Sir Owain, a Northumbrian
+knight, after many frightful adventures in St Patrick's purgatory, at
+last arrives at the bridge, which, in the legend, is placed betwixt
+purgatory and paradise:
+
+  The fendes han the knight ynome,
+  To a stinkand water thai ben ycome,
+    He no seigh never er non swiche;
+  It stank fouler than ani hounde.
+  And maui mile it was to the grounde.
+    And was as swart as piche.
+
+  And Owain seigh ther ouer ligge
+  A swithe strong naru brigge:
+    The fendes seyd tho;
+  "Lo! sir knight, sestow this?
+  "This is the brigge of paradis,
+    "Here ouer thou must go.
+
+  "And we the schul with stones prowe,
+  "And the winde the schul ouer blow,
+    "And wirche the full wo;
+  "Thou no schalt tor all this unduerd,
+  "Bot gif thou falle a midwerd,
+    "To our fewes[A] mo.
+
+  "And when thou art adown yfalle,
+  "Than schal com our felawes alle,
+      "And with her hokes the hede;
+  "We schul the teche a newe play:
+  "Thou hast served ous mani a day,
+  "And into helle the lede."
+
+  Owain biheld the brigge smert,
+  The water ther under blac and swert,
+      And sore him gan to drede:
+  For of othing he tok yeme,
+  Never mot, in sonne beme,
+      Thicker than the fendes yede.
+
+  The brigge was as heigh as a tour,
+  And as scharpe as a rasour,
+      And naru it was also;
+  And the water that ther ran under,
+  Brend o' lighting and of thonder,
+      That thoght him michel wo.
+
+  Ther nis no clerk may write with ynke,
+  No no man no may bithink,
+      No no maister deuine;
+  That is ymade forsoth ywis.
+  Under the brigge of paradis,
+      Halvendel the pine.
+
+  So the dominical ous telle,
+  That is the pure entrae of helle,
+      Seine Poule berth witnesse;[A]
+  Whoso falleth of the brigge adown,
+  Of him nis no redempcioun,
+      Noither more nor lesse.
+
+  The fendes seyd to the knight tho,
+  "Ouer this brigge might thou nowght go,
+      "For noneskines nede;
+  "Fle peril sorwe and wo,
+  "And to that stede ther thou com fro,
+      "Wel fair we schul the lede."
+
+  Owain anon be gan bithenche,
+  Fram hou mani of the fendes wrenche,
+    God him saved hadde;
+  He sett his fot opon the brigge,
+  No feld he no scharpe egge,
+    No nothing him no drad.
+
+  When the fendes yseigh tho,
+  That he was more than half ygo,
+    Loude thai gun to crie;
+  "Alias! alias! that he was born!
+  "This ich night we have forlorn
+    "Out of our baylie."
+
+[Footnote A: _Fewes_--Probably contracted for fellows.]
+
+[Footnote B: The reader will probably search St Paul in vain, for the
+evidence here referred to.]
+
+The author of the _Legend of Sir Owain_, though a zealous catholic, has
+embraced, in the fullest extent, the Talmudic doctrine of an earthly
+paradise, distinct from the celestial abode of the just, and serving as
+a place of initiation, preparatory to perfect bliss, and to the beatific
+vision.--See the Rabbi Menasse ben Israel, in a treatise called
+_Nishmath Chajim_, i.e. The Breath of Life.
+
+
+
+THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.
+
+NOW FIRST PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad, which is a very great favourite among the inhabitants of
+Ettrick Forest, is universally believed to be founded in fact. The
+editor found it easy to collect a variety of copies; but very difficult,
+indeed, to select from them such a collated edition, as may, in any
+degree, suit the taste of "these more light and giddy-paced times."
+
+Tradition places the event, recorded in the song, very early; and it
+is probable that the ballad was composed soon afterwards, although
+the language has been gradually modernized, in the course of
+its transmission to us, through the inaccurate channel of oral
+tradition.--The bard does not relate particulars, but barely the
+striking outlines of a fact, apparently so well known when he wrote,
+as to render minute detail as unnecessary, as it is always tedious and
+unpoetical.
+
+The hero of the ballad was a knight of great bravery, called Scott,
+who is said to have resided at Kirkhope, or Oakwood castle, and is, in
+tradition, termed the Baron of Oakwood. The estate of Kirkhope belonged
+anciently to the Scotts of Harden: Oakwood is still their property,
+and has been so from time immemorial. The editor was therefore led to
+suppose, that the hero of the ballad might have been identified with
+John Scott, sixth son of the laird of Harden, murdered in Ettrick
+Forest by his kinsmen, the Scotts of Gilmanscleugh (see notes to _Jamie
+Telfer_, Vol. I. p. 152). This appeared the more probable, as the common
+people always affirm, that this young man was treacherously slain, and
+that, in evidence thereof, his body remained uncorrupted for many years;
+so that even the roses on his shoes seemed as fresh as when he was first
+laid in the family vault at Hassendean. But from a passage in Nisbet's
+Heraldry, he now believes the ballad refers to a duel fought at
+Deucharswyre, of which Annan's Treat is a part, betwixt John Scott of
+Tushielaw and his brother-in-law Walter Scott, third son of Robert of
+Thirlestane, in which the latter was slain.
+
+In ploughing Annan's Treat, a huge monumental stone, with an
+inscription, was discovered; but being rather scratched than engraved,
+and the lines being run through each other, it is only possible to
+read one or two Latin words. It probably records the event of the
+combat.--The person slain was the male ancestor of the present Lord
+Napier.
+
+Tradition affirms, that the hero of the song (be he who he may) was
+murdered by the brother, either of his wife, or betrothed bride. The
+alleged cause of malice was, the lady's father having proposed to endow
+her with half of his property, upon her marriage with a warrior of such
+renown. The name of the murderer is said to have been Annan, and the
+place of combat is still called Annan's Treat. It is a low muir, on the
+banks of the Yarrow, lying to the west of Yarrow Kirk. Two tall unhewn
+masses of stone are erected, about eighty yards distant from each other;
+and the least child, that can herd a cow, will tell the passenger, that
+there lie "the two lords, who were slain in single combat."
+
+It will be, with many readers, the greatest recommendation of these
+verses, that they are supposed to have suggested to Mr Hamilton, of
+Bangour, the modern ballad, beginning,
+
+  "Busk ye, busk ye, my bonny bonny bride."
+
+A fragment, apparently regarding the story of the following ballad, but
+in a different measure, occurs in Mr Herd's MSS., and runs thus:--
+
+  "When I look cast, my heart is sair,
+  "But when I look west, its mair and mair;
+  "For then I see the braes o' Yarrow,
+  "And there, for aye, I lost my marrow."
+
+
+
+THE DOWIE DENS OF YARROW.
+
+
+  Late at e'en, drinking the wine,
+   And ere they paid the lawing,
+  They set a combat them between,
+   To fight it in the dawing.
+
+  "O stay at hame, my noble lord!
+   "O stay at hame, my marrow!
+  "My cruel brother will you betray
+   "On the dowie houms of Yarrow."
+
+  "O fare ye weel, my ladye gaye!
+   "O fare ye weel, my Sarah!
+  "For I maun gae, though I ne'er return,
+   "Frae the dowie banks o' Yarrow.
+
+  She kissed his cheek, she kaimed his hair,
+   As oft she had done before, O;
+  She belted him with his noble brand,
+   And he's awa' to Yarrow.
+
+  As he gaed up the Tennies bank,
+   I wot he gaed wi' sorrow,
+  Till, down in a den, he spied nine arm'd men,
+   On the dowie houms of Yarrow.
+
+  "O come ye here to part your land,
+   "The bonnie forest thorough?
+  "Or come ye here to wield your brand,
+   "On the dowie houms of Yarrow?"
+
+  "I come not here to part my land,
+   "And neither to beg nor borrow;
+  "I come to wield my noble brand,
+   "On the bonnie banks of Yarrow.
+
+  "If I see all, ye're nine to ane;
+   "And that's an unequal marrow;
+  "Yet will I fight, while lasts my brand,
+   "On the bonnie banks of Yarrow."
+
+  Four has he hurt, and five has slain,
+   On the bloody braes of Yarrow,
+  Till that stubborn knight came him behind,
+   And ran his bodie thorough.
+
+  "Gae hame, gae hame, good-brother[A] John,
+   "And tell your sister Sarah,
+  "To come and lift her leafu' lord;
+   "He's sleepin sound on Yarrow."----
+
+  "Yestreen I dream'd a dolefu' dream;
+   "I fear there will be sorrow!
+  "I dream'd, I pu'd the heather green,
+   "Wi' my true love, on Yarrow.
+
+  "O gentle wind, that bloweth south,
+   "From where my love repaireth,
+  "Convey a kiss from his dear mouth,
+   "And tell me how he fareth!
+
+  "But in the glen strive armed men;
+   "They've wrought me dole and sorrow;
+  "They've slain--the comeliest knight they've slain--
+   "He bleeding lies on Yarrow."
+
+  As she sped down yon high high hill,
+   She gaed wi' dole and sorrow,
+  And in the den spyed ten slain men,
+   On the dowie banks of Yarrow.
+
+  She kissed his cheek, she kaim'd his hair,
+   She search'd his wounds all thorough;
+  She kiss'd them, till her lips grew red,
+   On the dowie houms of Yarrow.
+
+  "Now, haud your tongue, my daughter dear!
+   "For a' this breeds but sorrow;
+  "I'll wed ye to a better lord,
+   "Than him ye lost on Yarrow."
+
+  "O haud your tongue, my father dear!
+   "Ye mind me but of sorrow;
+  "A fairer rose did never bloom
+   "Than now lies cropp'd on Yarrow."
+
+[Footnote A: _Good-brother_--Beau-frere, Brother-in-law.]
+
+
+
+
+THE GAY GOSS HAWK.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_This Ballad is published, partly from one, under this title, in Mrs_
+BROWN'S _Collection, and partly from a MS. of some antiquity,_ penes
+Edit.--_The stanzas appearing to possess mo st merit have been selected
+from each copy._
+
+
+  "O waly, waly, my gay goss hawk,
+   "Gin your feathering be sheen!"
+  "And waly, waly, my master dear,
+   "Gin ye look pale and lean!
+
+  "O have ye tint, at tournament,
+   "Your sword, or yet your spear?
+  "Or mourn ye for the southern lass,
+   "Whom you may not win near?"
+
+  "I have not tint, at tournament,
+   "My sword, nor yet my spear;
+  "But sair I mourn for my true love,
+   "Wi' mony a bitter tear.
+
+  "But weel's me on ye, my gay goss hawk,
+   "Ye can baith speak and flee;
+  "Ye sall carry a letter to my love,
+   "Bring an answer back to me."
+
+  "But how sall I your true love find,
+   "Or how suld I her know?
+  "I bear a tongue ne'er wi' her spake,
+   "An eye that ne'er her saw."
+
+  "O weel sall ye my true love ken,
+   "Sae sune as ye her see;
+  "For, of a' the flowers of fair England,
+   "The fairest flower is she.
+
+  "The red, that's on my true love's cheik,
+   "Is like blood drops on the snaw;
+  "The white, that is on her breast bare,
+   "Like the down o' the white sea-maw.
+
+  "And even at my love's bour door
+   "There grows a flowering birk;
+  "And ye maun sit and sing thereon
+   "As she gangs to the kirk.
+
+  "And four-and-twenty fair ladyes
+   "Will to the mass repair;
+  "But weel may ye my ladye ken,
+   "The fairest ladye there."
+
+  Lord William has written a love letter,
+   Put it under his pinion gray;
+  And he is awa' to Southern land
+   As fast as wings can gae.
+
+  And even at that ladye's bour
+   There grew a flowering birk;
+  And he sat down and sang thereon
+   As she gaed to the kirk.
+
+  And weel he kent that ladye fair
+   Amang her maidens free;
+  For the flower, that springs in May morning,
+   Was not sae sweet as she.
+
+  He lighted at the ladye's yate,
+   And sat him on a pin;
+  And sang fu' sweet the notes o' love,
+   Till a' was cosh[A] within.
+
+  And first he sang a low low note,
+   And syne he sang a clear;
+  And aye the o'erword o' the sang
+   Was--"Your love can no win here."
+
+  "Feast on, feast on, my maidens a':
+   "The wine flows you amang:
+  "While I gang to my shot-window,
+   "And hear yon bonny bird's sang.
+
+  "Sing on, sing on, my bonny bird,
+   "The sang ye sung yestreen;
+  "For weel I ken, by your sweet singing,
+   "Ye are frae my true love sen'."
+
+  O first he sang a merry sang,
+   And syne he sang a grave;
+  And syne he peck'd his feathers gray,
+   To her the letter gave.
+
+  "Have there a letter from Lord William;
+   "He says he's sent ye three:
+  "He canna wait your love langer,
+   "But for your sake he'll die."
+
+  "Gae bid him bake his bridal bread,
+   "And brew his bridal ale;
+  "And I sall meet him at Mary's kirk
+  "Lang, lang ere it be stale."
+
+  The ladye's gane to her chamber,
+   And a moanfu' woman was she;
+  As gin she had ta'en a sudden brash,[B]
+   And were about to die.
+
+  "A boon, a boon, my father deir,
+   "A boon I beg of thee!"
+  "Ask not that paughty Scottish lord,
+   "For him you ne'er shall see.
+
+  "But, for your honest asking else,
+   "Wee! granted it shall be."
+  "Then, gin I die in Southern land,
+   "In Scotland gar bury me.
+
+  "And the first kirk that ye come to,
+   "Ye's gar the mass be sung;
+  "And the next kirk that ye come to,
+   "Ye's gar the bells be rung.
+
+  "And, when ye come to St Mary's kirk,
+   "Ye's tarry there till night."
+  And so her father pledged his word,
+   And so his promise plight.
+
+  She has ta'en her to her bigly bour
+   As fast as she could fare;
+  And she has drank a sleepy draught,
+   That she had mixed wi' care.
+
+  And pale, pale grew her rosy cheek,
+   That was sae bright of blee,
+  And she seemed to be as surely dead
+   As any one could be.
+
+  Then spak her cruel step-minnie,
+   "Take ye the burning lead,
+  "And drap a drap on her bosome,
+   "To try if she be dead."
+
+  They took a drap o' boiling lead,
+   They drap'd it on her breast;
+  "Alas! alas!" her father cried,
+   "She's dead without the priest."
+
+  She neither chatter'd with her teeth,
+   Nor shiver'd with her chin;
+  "Alas! alas!" her father cried,
+   "There is nae breath within."
+
+  Then up arose her seven brethren,
+   And hew'd to her a bier;
+  They hew'd it frae the solid aik,
+   Laid it o'er wi' silver clear.
+
+  Then up and gat her seven sisters,
+   And sewed to her a kell;
+  And every steek that they pat in
+   Sewed to a siller bell.
+
+  The first Scots kirk that they cam to,
+   They gar'd the bells be rung;
+  The next Scots kirk that they cam to,
+   They gar'd the mass be sung.
+
+  But when they cam to St Mary's kirk,
+   There stude spearmen, all on a raw;
+  And up and started Lord William,
+   The chieftane amang them a'.
+
+  "Set down, set down the bier," he said;
+   "Let me looke her upon:"
+  But as soon as Lord William touched her hand,
+   Her colour began to come.
+
+  She brightened like the lily flower,
+   Till her pale colour was gone;
+  With rosy cheik, and ruby lip,
+   She smiled her love upon.
+
+  "A morsel of your bread, my lord,
+   "And one glass of your wine:
+  "For I hae fasted these three lang days,
+   "All for your sake and mine.
+
+  "Gae hame, gae hame, my seven bauld brothers!
+   "Gae hame and blaw your horn!
+  "I trow you wad hae gien me the skaith,
+   "But I've gien you the scorn.
+
+  "Commend me to my grey father,
+   "That wish'd, my saul gude rest;
+  "But wae be to my cruel step-dame,
+   "Gar'd burn me on the breast."
+
+  "Ah! woe to you, you light woman!
+   "An ill death may you die!
+  "For we left father and sisters at hame
+   "Breaking their hearts for thee."
+
+[Footnote A: _Cosh_--Quiet.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Brash_--Sickness.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON THE GAY GOSS HAWK.
+
+  _The red, that's on my true love's cheik,
+  Is like blood drops on the snaw._--P. 362. v, 5.
+
+This simile resembles a passage in a MS. translation of an Irish Fairy
+tale, called _The Adventures of Faravla, Princess of Scotland, and
+Carral O'Daly, Son of Donogho More O'Daly, Chief Bard of Ireland._
+
+"Faravla, as she entered her bower, cast her looks upon the earth, which
+was tinged with the blood of a bird which a raven had newly killed;
+'Like that snow,' said Faravla, 'was the complexion of my beloved, his
+cheeks like the sanguine traces thereon; whilst the raven recals to my
+memory the colour of his beautiful locks."
+
+There is also some resemblance, in the conduct of the story, betwixt the
+ballad and the tale just quoted. The Princess Faravla, being desperately
+in love with Carral O'Daly, dispatches in search of him a faithful
+confidant, who, by her magical art, transforms herself into a hawk, and,
+perching upon the windows of the bard, conveys to him information of the
+distress of the princess of Scotland.
+
+In the ancient romance of _Sir Tristrem_, the simile of the "blood drops
+upon snow" likewise occurs:
+
+  A bride bright thai ches
+  As blod open snoweing.
+
+
+
+BROWN ADAM.
+
+
+_There is a copy of this Ballad in Mrs_ BROWN'S _Collection. The Editor
+has seen one, printed on a single sheet. The epithet, "Smith," implies,
+probably, the sirname, not the profession, of the hero, who seems to
+have been an outlaw There is, however, in Mrs_ BROWN'S _copy, a verse
+of little merit here omitted, alluding to the implements of that
+occupation._
+
+
+  O wha wad wish the wind to blaw,
+   Or the green leaves fa' therewith?
+  Or wha wad, wish a lealer love
+   Than Brown Adam the smith?
+
+  But they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+   Frae father and frae mother;
+  And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+   Frae sister and frae brother.
+
+  And they hae banished him, Brown Adam,
+    The flower o' a' his kin;
+  And he's bigged a hour in gude green-wood
+    Atween his ladye and him.
+
+  It fell upon a summer's day,
+    Brown Adam he thought lang;
+  And, for to hunt some venison,
+    To green-wood he wald gang.
+
+  He has ta'en his bow his arm o'er,
+    His bolts and arrows lang;
+  And he is to the gude green-wood
+    As fast as he could gang.
+
+  O he's shot up, and he's shot down,
+    The bird upon the brier;
+  And he's sent it hame to his ladye,
+    Bade her be of gude cheir.
+
+  O he's shot up, and he's shot down,
+    The bird upon the thorn;
+  And sent it hame to his ladye,
+    Said he'd be hame the morn.
+
+  When he cam to his ladye's bour door
+   He stude a little forbye,
+  And there he heard a fou fause knight
+   Tempting his gay ladye.
+
+  For he's ta'en out a gay goud ring,
+   Had cost him mony a poun',
+  "O grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "And this shall be thy own."
+
+  "I lo'e Brown Adam weel," she said;
+   "I trew sae does he me:
+  "I wadna gie Brown Adam's love
+   "For nae fause knight I see."
+
+  Out has he ta'en a purse o' gowd,
+   Was a' fou to the string,
+  "O grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "And a' this shall be thine."
+
+  "I lo'e Brown Adam weel," she says;
+   "I wot sae does he me:
+  "I wad na be your light leman
+   "For mair than ye could gie."
+
+  Then out he drew his lang bright brand,
+   And flashed it in her een;
+  "Now grant me love for love, ladye,
+   "Or thro' ye this sall gang!"
+  Then, sighing, says that ladye fair,
+   "Brown Adam tarries lang!"
+
+  Then in and starts him Brown Adam,
+   Says--"I'm just at your hand."
+  He's gar'd him leave his bonny bow,
+   He's gar'd him leave his brand,
+  He's gar'd him leave a dearer pledge--
+   Four fingers o' his right hand.
+
+
+
+JELLON GRAME.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This ballad is published from tradition, with some conjectural
+emendations. It is corrected by a copy in Mrs Brown's MS., from which
+it differs in the concluding stanzas. Some verses are apparently
+modernized.
+
+_Jellon_ seems to be the same name with _Jyllian_ or _Julian_. "Jyl of
+Brentford's Testament" is mentioned in Warton's _History of Poetry,-
+Vol. II. p. 40. The name repeatedly occurs in old ballads, sometimes as
+that of a man, at other times as that of a woman. Of the former is
+an instance in the ballad of _"Knight and the Shepherd's
+Daughter,"--Reliques of Ancient Poetry,_ Vol. III. p. 72.
+
+  Some do call me Jack, sweetheart.
+  And some do call me _Jille_.
+
+Witton Gilbert, a village four miles west of Durham, is, throughout the
+bishopric, pronounced Witton Jilbert. We have also the common name of
+Giles, always in Scotland pronounced Jill. For Gille, or Julianna, as
+a female name, we have _Fair Gillian_ of Croyden, and a thousand
+authorities. Such being the case, the editor must enter his protest
+against the conversion of Gil Morrice, into child Maurice, an epithet
+of chivalry. All the circumstances in that ballad argue, that the
+unfortunate hero was an obscure and very young man, who had never
+received the honour of knighthood. At any rate, there can be no reason,
+even were internal evidence totally wanting, for altering a well known
+proper name, which, till of late years, has been the uniform title of
+the ballad.
+
+
+
+JELLON GRAME.
+
+
+  O JELLON GRAME sat in Silverwood,[A]
+   He sharped his broad sword lang;
+  And he has call'd his little foot page
+   An errand for to gang.
+
+  "Win up, my bonny boy," he says,
+   "As quickly as ye may;
+  "For ye maun gang for Lillie Flower
+   "Before the break of day."
+
+  The boy has buckled his belt about,
+   And thro' the green-wood ran;
+  And he cam to the ladye's bower
+   Before the day did dawn.
+
+  "O sleep ye, wake ye, Lillie Flower?
+   "The red sun's on the rain:
+  "Ye're bidden come to Silverwood,
+   "But I doubt ye'll never win hame."
+
+  She hadna ridden a mile, a mile,
+   A mile but barely three,
+  Ere she cam to a new made grave,
+   Beneath a green aik tree.
+
+  O then up started Jellon Grame,
+   Out of a bush thereby;
+  "Light down, light down, now, Lillie Flower,
+   "For its here that ye maun lye."
+
+  She lighted aff her milk-white steed,
+   And kneel'd upon her knee;
+  "O mercy, mercy, Jellon Grame,
+   "For I'm no prepared to die!
+
+  "Your bairn, that stirs between my sides,
+   "Maun shortly see the light;
+  "But to see it weltering in my blood,
+   "Would be a piteous sight."
+
+  "O should I spare your life," he says,
+   "Until that bairn were born,
+  "Full weel I ken your auld father
+   "Would hang me on the morn."
+
+  "O spare my life, now, Jellon Grame!
+   "My father ye need na dread:
+  "I'll keep my babe in gude green-wood,
+   "Or wi' it I'll beg my bread."
+
+  He took no pity on Lillie Flower,
+   Tho' she for life did pray;
+  But pierced her thro' the fair body
+   As at his feet she lay.
+
+  He felt nae pity for Lillie Flower,
+   Where she was lying dead;
+  But he felt some for the bonny bairn,
+   That lay weltering in her bluid.
+
+  Up has he ta'en that bonny boy,
+   Given him to nurses nine;
+  Three to sleep, and three to wake,
+   And three to go between.
+
+  And he bred up that bonny boy,
+   Called him his sister's son;
+  And he thought no eye could ever see
+   The deed that he had done.
+
+  O so it fell, upon a day,
+   When hunting they might be,
+  They rested them in Silverwood,
+   Beneath that green aik tree.
+
+  And mony were the green-wood flowers
+   Upon the grave that grew,
+  And marvell'd much that bonny boy
+   To see their lovely hue.
+
+  "What's paler than the prymrose wan?
+   "What's redder than the rose?
+  "What's fairer than the lilye flower
+   "On this wee know[B] that grows?"
+
+  O out and answered Jellon Grame,
+   And he spak hastelie--
+  "Your mother was a fairer flower,
+   "And lies beneath this tree.
+
+  "More pale she was, when she sought my grace,
+   "Than prymrose pale and wan;
+  "And redder than rose her ruddy heart's blood,
+   "That down my broad sword ran."
+
+  Wi' that the boy has bent his bow,
+   It was baith stout and lang;
+  And thro' and thro' him, Jellon Grame,
+   He gar'd an arrow gang.
+
+  Says--"Lie ye there, now, Jellon Grame!
+   "My malisoun gang you wi'!
+  "The place my mother lies buried in
+   "Is far too good for thee."
+
+[Footnote A: Silverwood, mentioned in this ballad, occurs in a medley
+MS song, which seems to have been copied from the first edition of the
+Aberdeen caurus, _penes_ John G. Dalyell, esq. advocate. One line only
+is cited, apparently the beginning of some song:
+
+  Silverwood, gin ye were mine.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Wee know_--Little hillock.]
+
+
+
+WILLIE'S LADYE.
+
+ANCIENT COPY.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+Mr Lewis, in his _Tales of Wonder_, has presented the public with a copy
+of this ballad, with additions and alterations. The editor has also seen
+a copy, containing some modern stanzas, intended by Mr Jamieson, of
+Macclesfield, for publication in his Collection of Scottish Poetry. Yet,
+under these disadvantages, the editor cannot relinquish his purpose of
+publishing the old ballad, in its native simplicity, as taken from Mrs
+Brown of Faulkland's MS.
+
+Those, who wish to know how an incantation, or charm, of the distressing
+nature here described, was performed in classic days, may consult the
+story of Galanthis's Metamorphosis, in Ovid, or the following passage in
+Apuleius: _"Eadem (Saga scilicet quaedam), amatoris uxorem, quod in sibi
+dicacule probrum dixerat, jam in sarcinam praegnationis, obsepto utero,
+et repigrato faetu, perpetua praegnatione damnavit. Et ut cuncti
+numerant, octo annorum onere, misella illa, velut elephantum paritura,
+distenditur."_--APUL. Metam. lib. 1.
+
+There is also a curious tale about a count of Westeravia, whom a
+deserted concubine bewitched upon his marriage, so as to preclude all
+hopes of his becoming a father. The spell continued to operate for
+three years, till one day, the count happening to meet with his former
+mistress, she maliciously asked him about the increase of his family.
+The count, conceiving some suspicion from her manner, craftily answered,
+that God had blessed him with three fine children; on which she
+exclaimed, like Willie's mother in the ballad, "May Heaven confound
+the old hag, by whose counsel I threw an enchanted pitcher into the
+draw-well of your palace!" The spell being found, and destroyed, the
+count became the father of a numerous family.--_Hierarchie of the
+Blessed Angels,_ p. 474.
+
+
+
+WILLIE'S LADYE.
+
+
+  Willie's ta'en him o'er the faem,[A]
+  He's wooed a wife, and brought her hame;
+  He's wooed her for her yellow hair,
+  But his mother wrought her meikle care;
+
+  And meikle dolour gar'd her drie,
+  For lighter she can never be;
+  But in her bower she sits wi' pain,
+  And Willie mourns o'er her in vain.
+
+  And to his mother he has gane,
+  That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!
+  He says--"My ladie has a cup,
+  Wi' gowd and silver set about,
+  This gudely gift sall be your ain,
+  And let her be lighter o' her young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's never be lighter,
+  "Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;
+  "But she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And you shall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my life were at an end!"
+
+  "Yet gae ye to your mother again,
+  "That vile rank witch, o' vilest kind!
+  "And say, your ladye has a steed,
+  "The like o' him's no in the land o' Leed.[B]
+
+  "For he is silver shod before,
+  "And he is gowden shod behind;
+  "At every tuft of that horse mane,
+  "There's a golden chess[C], and a bell to ring.
+  "This gudely gift sall be her ain,
+  "And let me be lighter o' my young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,
+  "Nor in her bour to shine the brighter;
+  "But she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And ye sall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my life were at an end!"
+
+  "Yet gae ye to your mother again,
+  "That vile rank witch, o' rankest kind!
+  "And say, your ladye has a girdle,
+  "It is a' red gowd to the middle;
+
+  "And aye, at ilka siller hem
+  "Hang fifty siller bells and ten;
+  "This gudely gift sall be her ain,
+  "And let me be lighter o' my young bairn."
+
+  "Of her young bairn she's ne'er be lighter,
+  "Nor in your bour to shine the brighter;
+  "For she sall die, and turn to clay,
+  "And thou sall wed another may."
+
+  "Another may I'll never wed,
+  "Another may I'll never bring hame."
+  But, sighing, said that weary wight--
+  "I wish my days were at an end!"
+
+  Then out and spak the Billy Blind,[D]
+  (He spak ay in a gude time:)
+  "Yet gae ye to the market-place,
+  "And there do buy a loaf of wace;[E]
+  "Do shape it bairn and bairnly like,
+  "And in it twa glassen een you'll put;
+
+  "And bid her your boy's christening to,
+  "Then notice weel what she shall do;
+  "And do ye stand a little away,
+  "To notice weel what she may saye.
+
+         *       *       *       *       *
+
+  [_A stanza seems to be wanting. Willie is supposed to follow
+  the advice of the spirit.--His mother speaks._]
+
+  "O wha has loosed the nine witch knots,
+  "That were amang that ladye's locks?
+  "And wha's ta'en out the kaims o' care,
+  "That were amang that ladye's hair?
+
+  "And wha has ta'en downe that bush o' woodbine,
+  "That hung between her bour and mine?
+  "And wha has kill'd the master kid,
+  "That ran beneath that ladye's bed?
+  "And wha has loosed her left foot shee,
+  "And let that ladye lighter be?"
+
+  Syne, Willy's loosed the nine witch knots,
+  That were amang that ladye's locks;
+  And Willy's ta'en out the kaims o' care,
+  That were into that ladye's hair;
+  And he's ta'en down the bush o' woodbine,
+  Hung atween her bour and the witch carline;
+
+  And he has kill'd the master kid,
+  That ran beneath that ladye's bed;
+  And he has loosed her left foot shee,
+  And latten that ladye lighter be;
+  And now he has gotten a bonny son,
+  And meikle grace be him upon.
+
+[Footnote A: _Faem_--The sea foam.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Land o' Leed_--Perhaps Lydia.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Chess_--Should probably be _jess_, the name of a hawk's
+bell.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Billy-Blind_--A familiar genius, or propitious spirit,
+somewhat similar to the _Brownie_. He is mentioned repeatedly in Mrs
+Brown's Ballads, but I have not met with him any where else, although he
+is alluded to in the rustic game of _Bogle_ (i.e. _goblin) Billy-Blind_.
+The word is, indeed, used in Sir David Lindsay's plays, but apparently
+in a different sense--
+
+  "Preists sall leid you like ane _Billy Blinde_."
+
+  PINKERTON'S _Scottish Poems_, 1792, Vol. II. p. 232.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Wace_--Wax.]
+
+
+
+CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+This romantic ballad is taken from Mr Herd's MSS., with several
+corrections from a shorter and more imperfect copy, in the same volume,
+and one or two conjectural emendations in the arrangement of the
+stanzas. The resemblance of the conclusion to the ballad, beginning,
+"There came a ghost to Margaret's door," will strike every reader.--The
+tale is uncommonly wild and beautiful, and apparently very ancient.
+The custom of the passing bell is still kept up in many villages of
+Scotland. The sexton goes through the town, ringing a small bell, and
+announcing the death of the departed, and the time of the funeral.--The
+three concluding verses have been recovered since the first edition
+of this work; and I am informed by the reciter, that it was usual to
+separate from the rest, that part of the ballad which follows the death
+of the lovers, as belonging to another story. For this, however, there
+seems no necessity, as other authorities give the whole as a complete
+tale.
+
+
+
+CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+  Clerk Saunders and may Margaret
+   Walked ower yon garden green;
+  And sad and heavy was the love
+   That fell thir twa between.
+
+  "A bed, a bed," Clerk Saunders said,
+   "A bed for you and me!"
+  "Fye na, fye na," said may Margaret,
+   "Till anes we married be.
+
+  "For in may come my seven bauld brothers,
+   "Wi' torches burning bright;
+  "They'll say--'We hae but ae sister,
+   "And behold she's wi' a knight!'
+
+  "Then take the sword frae my scabbard,
+   "And slowly lift the pin;
+  "And you may swear, and safe your aith,
+   "Ye never let Clerk Saunders in.
+
+  "And take a napkin in your hand,
+   "And tie up baith your bonny een;
+  "And you may swear, and safe your aith,
+   "Ye saw me na since late yestreen."
+
+  It was about the midnight hour,
+   When they asleep were laid,
+  When in and came her seven brothers,
+   Wi' torches burning red.
+
+  When in and came her seven brothers,
+   Wi' torches shining bright;
+  They said, "We hae but ae sister,
+   "And behold her lying with a knight!"
+
+  Then out and spake the first o' them,
+   "I bear the sword shall gar him die!"
+  And out and spake the second o' them,
+   "His father has nae mair than he!"
+
+  And out and spake the third o' them,
+   "I wot that they are lovers dear!"
+  And out and spake the fourth o' them,
+   "They hae been in love this mony a year!"
+
+  Then out and spake the fifth o' them,
+   "It were great sin true love to twain!"
+  And out and spake the sixth o' them,
+   "It were shame to slay a sleeping man!"
+
+  Then up and gat the seventh o' them,
+   And never a word spake he;
+  But he has striped[A] his bright brown brand
+   Out through Clerk Saunders' fair bodye.
+
+  Clerk Saunders he started, and Margaret she turned
+   Into his arms as asleep she lay;
+  And sad and silent was the night
+   That was atween thir twae.
+
+  And they lay still and sleeped sound,
+   Until the day began to daw;
+  And kindly to him she did say,
+   "It is time, true love, you were awa'."
+
+  But he lay still, and sleeped sound,
+   Albeit the sun began to sheen;
+  She looked atween her and the wa',
+   And dull and drowsie were his een.
+
+  Then in and came her father dear,
+   Said--"Let a' your mourning be:
+  "I'll carry the dead corpse to the clay,
+   "And I'll come back and comfort thee."
+
+  "Comfort weel your seven sons;
+   "For comforted will I never be:
+  "I ween 'twas neither knave nor lown
+   "Was in the bower last night wi' me."
+
+  The clinking bell gaed through the town,
+   To carry the dead corse to the clay;
+  And Clerk Saunders stood at may Margaret's window,
+   I wot, an hour before the day.
+
+  "Are ye sleeping, Margaret?" he says,
+   "Or are ye waking presentlie?
+  "Give me my faith and troth again,
+   "I wot, true love, I gied to thee."
+
+  "Your faith and troth ye sall never get,
+   "Nor our true love sall never twin,
+  "Until ye come within my bower,
+   "And kiss me cheik and chin."
+
+  "My mouth it is full cold, Margaret,
+   "It has the smell, now, of the ground;
+  "And if I kiss thy comely mouth,
+   "Thy days of life will not be lang.
+
+  "O, cocks are crowing a merry midnight,
+   "I wot the wild fowls are boding day;
+  "Give me my faith and troth again,
+   "And let me fare me on my way."
+
+  "Thy faith and troth thou sall na get,
+   "And our true love sall never twin,
+  "Until ye tell what comes of women,
+   "I wot, who die in strong traivelling?"[B]
+
+  "Their beds are made in the heavens high,
+   "Down at the foot of our good lord's knee,
+  "Weel set about wi' gillyflowers:
+   "I wot sweet company for to see.
+
+  "O cocks are crowing a merry mid-night,
+    "I wot the wild fowl are boding day;
+  "The psalms of heaven will soon be sung,
+    "And I, ere now, will be missed away."
+
+  Then she has ta'en a crystal wand,
+    And she has stroken her troth thereon;
+  She has given it him out at the shot-window,
+    Wi' mony a sad sigh, and heavy groan.
+
+  "I thank ye, Marg'ret; I thank ye, Marg'ret;
+    "And aye I thank ye heartilie;
+  "Gin ever the dead come for the quick,
+    "Be sure, Marg'ret, I'll come for thee."
+
+  Its hosen and shoon, and gown alone,
+    She climbed the wall, and followed him,
+  Until she came to the green forest,
+    And there she lost the sight o' him.
+
+  "Is there ony room at your head, Saunders?
+    "Is there ony room at your feet?
+  "Or ony room at your side, Saunders,
+    "Where fain, fain, I wad sleep?"
+
+  "There's nae room at my head, Marg'ret,
+   "There's nae room at my feet;
+  "My bed it is full lowly now:
+   "Amang the hungry worms I sleep.
+
+  "Cauld mould is my covering now,
+   "But and my winding-sheet;
+  "The dew it falls nae sooner down,
+   "Than my resting-place is weet.
+
+  "But plait a wand o' bonnie birk,
+   "And lay it on my breast;
+  "And shed a tear upon my grave,
+   "And wish my saul gude rest.
+
+  "And fair Marg'ret, and rare Marg'ret,
+   "And Marg'ret o' veritie,
+  "Gin ere ye love another man,
+   "Ne'er love him as ye did me."
+
+  Then up and crew the milk-white cock,
+   And up and crew the gray;
+  Her lover vanish'd in the air,
+   And she gaed weeping away.
+
+[Footnote A: _Striped_--Thrust.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Traivelling_--Child-birth.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON CLERK SAUNDERS.
+
+
+_Weel set about wi' gillyflowers._--P. 394. v. 5.
+
+From whatever source the popular ideas of heaven be derived, the mention
+of gillyflowers is not uncommon. Thus, in the Dead Men's Song--
+
+  The fields about this city faire
+    Were all with roses set;
+  _Gillyflowers_, and carnations faire,
+    Which canker could not fret.
+      RITSON'S _Ancient Songs_, p. 288.
+
+The description, given in the legend of _Sir Owain_, of the terrestrial
+paradise, at which the blessed arrive, after passing through purgatory,
+omits gillyflowers, though it mentions many others. As the passage is
+curious, and the legend has never been published, many persons may not
+be displeased to see it extracted--
+
+  Fair were her erbers with flowres,
+  Rose and lili divers colours,
+   Primrol and parvink;
+  Mint, feverfoy, and eglenterre
+  Colombin, and mo ther wer
+   Than ani man mai bithenke.
+
+  It berth erbes of other maner,
+  Than ani in erth groweth here,
+   Tho that is lest of priis;
+  Evermore thai grene springeth,
+  For winter no somer it no clingeth,
+   And sweeter than licorice.
+
+  _But plait a wand o' bonnie birk_, &c.--P. 396. v. 3.
+
+The custom of binding the new-laid sod of the church-yard with osiers,
+or other saplings, prevailed both in England and Scotland, and served to
+protect the turf from injury by cattle, or otherwise. It is alluded to
+by Gay, in the _What d'ye call it_--
+
+  Stay, let me pledge, 'tis my last earthly liquor,
+  When I am dead you'll bind my grave with _wicker_.
+
+In the _Shepherd's Week_, the same custom is alluded to, and the cause
+explained:--
+
+  With _wicker rods_ we fenced her tomb around,
+  To ward, from man and beast, the hallowed ground,
+  Lest her new grave the parson's cattle raze,
+  For both his horse and cow the church-yard graze.
+      _Fifth Pastoral._
+
+
+
+EARL RICHARD.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_There are two Ballads in Mr_ HERD'S _MSS. upon the following Story,
+in one of which the unfortunate Knight is termed_ YOUNG HUNTIN. _A
+Fragment, containing from the sixth to the tenth verse, has been
+repeatedly published. The best verses are here selected from both
+copies, and some trivial alterations have been adopted from tradition._
+
+
+  "O lady, rock never your young son young,
+   "One hour langer for me;
+  "For I have a sweetheart in Garlioch Wells,
+   "I love far better than thee.
+
+  "The very sole o' that ladye's foot
+   "Than thy face is far mair white."--
+  "But, nevertheless, now, Erl Richard,
+   "Ye will bide in ray bower a' night?"
+
+  She birled[A] him with the ale and wine,
+    As they sat down to sup;
+  A living man he laid him down,
+    But I wot he ne'er rose up.
+
+  Then up and spak the popinjay,
+    That flew aboun her head;
+  "Lady! keep weel your green cleiding
+    "Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid."
+
+  "O better I'll keep my green cleiding
+    "Frae gude Erl Richard's bleid,
+  "Than thou canst keep thy clattering toung,
+    "That trattles in thy head."
+
+  She has call'd upon her bower maidens,
+    She has call'd them ane by ane;
+  "There lies a deid man in my bour:
+    "I wish that he were gane!"
+
+  They hae booted him, and spurred him,
+    As he was wont to ride;--
+  A hunting-horn tied round his waist,
+    A sharp sword by his side;
+  And they hae had him to the wan water,
+    For a' men call it Clyde.
+
+  Then up and spak the popinjay,
+   That sat upon the tree--
+  "What hae ye done wi' Erl Richard?
+   "Ye were his gay ladye."
+
+  "Come down, come down, my bonny bird,
+   "And sit upon my hand;
+  "And thou sall hae a cage o' gowd,
+   "Where thou hast but the wand."
+
+  "Awa! awa! ye ill woman:
+   "Nae cage o' gowd for me;
+  "As ye hae dune to Erl Richard,
+   "Sae wad ye do to me."
+
+  She hadna cross'd a rigg o' land,
+   A rigg, but barely ane;
+  When she met wi' his auld father,
+   Came riding all alane.
+
+  "Where hae ye been, now, ladye fair,
+   "Where hae ye been sae late?"
+  "We hae been seeking Erl Richard,
+   "But him we canna get."
+
+  "Erl Richard kens a' the fords in Clyde,
+   "He'll ride them ane by ane,
+  "And though the night was ne'er sae mirk,
+   "Erl Richard will he hame."
+
+  O it fell anes, upon a day,
+   The king was boun' to ride;
+  And he has mist him, Erl Richard,
+   Should hae ridden on his right side.
+
+  The ladye turn'd her round about,
+   Wi' meikle mournfu' din--
+  "It fears me sair o' Clyde water,
+   "That he is drown'd therein."
+
+  "Gar douk, gar douk,"[B] the king he cried,
+   "Gar douk for gold and fee;
+  "O wha will douk for Erl Richard's sake,
+   "Or wha will douk for me?"
+
+  They douked in at ae weil-head,[C]
+   And out ay at the other;
+  "We can douk nae mair for Erl Richard,
+   "Although he were our brother."
+
+  It fell that, in that ladye's castle,
+    The king was boun' to bed;
+  And up and spake the popinjay,
+    That flew abune his head.
+
+  "Leave off your douking on the day,
+    "And douk upon the night;
+  "And where that sackless[D] knight lies slain,
+    "The candles will burn bright."
+
+  "O there's a bird within this bower,
+    "That sings baith sad and sweet;
+  "O there's a bird within your bower,
+    "Keeps me frae my night's sleep."
+
+  They left the douking on the day,
+    And douked upon the night;
+  And, where that sackless knight lay slain,
+    The candles burned bright.
+
+  The deepest pot in a' the linn,
+    They fand Erl Richard in;
+  A grene turf tyed across his breast,
+    To keep that gude lord down.
+
+  Then up and spake the king himsell,
+   When he saw the deadly wound--
+  "O wha has slain my right-hand man,
+   "That held my hawk and hound?"
+
+  Then up and spake the popinjay,
+   Says--"What needs a' this din?
+  "It was his light lemman took his life,
+   "And hided him in the linn."
+
+  She swore her by the grass, sae grene,
+   Sae did she by the corn,
+  She had na' seen him, Erl Richard,
+   Since Moninday at morn.
+
+  "Put na the wite on me," she said;
+   "It was my may Catherine."
+  Then they hae cut baith fern and thorn,
+   To burn that maiden in.
+
+  It wadna take upon her cheik,
+   Nor yet upon her chin;
+  Nor yet upon her yellow hair,
+   To cleanse the deadly sin.
+
+  The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,
+    A drap it never bled;
+  The ladye laid her hand on him,
+    And soon the 'ground was red.
+
+  Out they hae ta'en her, may Catherine,
+    And put her mistress in:
+  The flame tuik fast upon her cheik,
+    Tuik fast upon her chin,
+  Tuik fast upon her faire bodye--
+    She burn'd like hollins green.[E]
+
+[Footnote A: _Birled_--Plied.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Douk_--Dive.]
+
+[Footnote C: _Weil-heid_--Eddy.]
+
+[Footnote D: _Sackless_--Guiltless.]
+
+[Footnote E: _Hollins green_--Green holly.]
+
+
+
+NOTES ON EARL RICHARD.
+
+
+  _The candles burned bright._--P. 403. v. 4.
+
+These are unquestionably the corpse lights, called in Wales _Canhwyllan
+Cyrph_, which are sometimes seen to illuminate the spot where a dead
+body is concealed. The editor is informed, that, some years ago, the
+corpse of a man, drowned in the Ettrick, below Selkirk, was discovered
+by means of these candles. Such lights are common in church-yards, and
+are probably of a phosphoric nature. But rustic superstition derives
+them from supernatural agency, and supposes, that, as soon as life has
+departed, a pale flame appears at the window of the house, in which the
+person had died, and glides towards the church-yard, tracing through
+every winding the route of the future funeral, and pausing where the
+bier is to rest. This and other opinions, relating to the "tomb-fires'
+livid gleam," seem to be of Runic extraction.
+
+  _The deepest pot in a' the linn._--P. 403. v. 5.
+
+The deep holes, scooped in the rock by the eddies of a river, are called
+_pots;_ the motion of the water having there some resemblance to a
+boiling cauldron.
+
+  _Linn_, means the pool beneath a cataract.
+
+  _The maiden touched the clay-cauld corpse,
+  A drop it never bled._--P. 405. v. I.
+
+This verse, which is restored from tradition, refers to a superstition
+formerly received in most parts of Europe, and even resorted to, by
+judicial authority, for the discovery of murder. In Germany, this
+experiment was called _bahr-recht_, or the law of the bier; because,
+the murdered body being stretched upon a bier, the suspected person was
+obliged to put one hand upon the wound, and the other upon the mouth
+of the deceased, and, in that posture, call upon heaven to attest his
+innocence. If, during this ceremony, the blood gushed from the mouth,
+nose, or wound, a circumstance not unlikely to happen in the course of
+shifting or stirring the body, it was held sufficient evidence of the
+guilt of the party.
+
+The same singular kind of evidence, although reprobated by Mathaeus and
+Carpzovius, was admitted in the Scottish criminal courts, at the short
+distance of one century. My readers may be amused by the following
+instances:
+
+"The laird of Auchindrane (Muir of Auchindrane, in Ayrshire) was accused
+of a horrid and private murder, where there were no witnesses, and which
+the Lord had witnessed from heaven, singularly by his own hand, and
+proved the deed against him. The corpse of the man being buried in
+Girvan church-yard, as a man cast away at sea, and cast out there, the
+laird of Colzean, whose servant he had been, dreaming of him in his
+sleep, and that he had a particular mark upon his body, came and took up
+the body, and found it to be the same person; and caused all that lived
+near by come and touch the corpse, as is usual in such cases. All round
+the place came but Auchindrane and his son, whom nobody suspected, till
+a young child of his, Mary Muir, seeing the people examined, came in
+among them; and, when she came near the dead body, it sprang out
+in bleeding; upon which they were apprehended, and put to the
+torture."--WODROW'S _History_, Vol. I. p. 513. The trial of Auchindrane
+happened in 1611. He was convicted and executed.--HUME'S _Criminal Law_,
+Vol. I. p. 428.
+
+A yet more dreadful case was that of Philip Standfield, tried upon the
+30th November, 1687, for cursing his father (which, by the Scottish law,
+is a capital crime, _Act 1661, Chap_. 20), and for being accessory
+to his murder. Sir James Standfield, the deceased, was a person of
+melancholy temperament; so that, when his body was found in a pond near
+his own house of Newmilns, he was at first generally supposed to have
+drowned himself. But, the body having been hastily buried, a report
+arose that he had been strangled by ruffians, instigated by his son
+Philip, a profligate youth, whom be had disinherited on account of his
+gross debauchery. Upon this rumour, the Privy Council granted warrant to
+two surgeons of character, named Crawford and Muirhead, to dig up the
+body, and to report the state in which they should find it. Philip
+was present on this occasion, and the evidence of both surgeons bears
+distinctly, that he stood for some time at a distance from the body
+of his parent; but, being called upon to assist in stretching out
+the corpse, he put his hand to the head, when the mouth and nostrils
+instantly gushed with blood. This circumstance, with the evident
+symptoms of terror and remorse, exhibited by young Standfield, seem to
+have had considerable weight with the jury, and are thus stated in the
+indictment: "That his (the deceased's) nearest relations being required
+to lift the corpse into the coffin, after it had been inspected, upon
+the said Philip Standfield touching of it (_according to God's usual
+mode of discovering murder_), it bled afresh upon the said Philip; and
+that thereupon he let the body fall, and fled from it in the greatest
+consternation, crying, Lord have mercy upon me!" The prisoner was found
+guilty of being accessory to the murder of his father, although there
+was little more than strong presumptions against him. It is true, he was
+at the same time separately convicted of the distinct crimes of having
+cursed his father, and drank damnation to the monarchy and hierarchy.
+His sentence, which was to have his tongue cut out, and hand struck off,
+previous to his being hanged, was executed with the utmost rigour. He
+denied the murder with his last breath. "It is," says a contemporary
+judge, "a dark case of divination, to be remitted to the great day,
+whether he was guilty or innocent. Only it is certain he
+was a bad youth, and may serve as a beacon to all profligate
+persons."--FOUNTAINHALL'S _Decisions_, Vol. I. p. 483.
+
+While all ranks believed alike the existence of these prodigies, the
+vulgar were contented to refer them to the immediate interference of the
+Deity, or, as they termed it, God's revenge against murder. But those,
+who, while they had overleaped the bounds of superstition, were still
+entangled in the mazes of mystic philosophy, amongst whom we must
+reckon many of the medical practitioners, endeavoured to explain the
+phenomenon, by referring to the secret power of sympathy, which even
+Bacon did not venture to dispute. To this occult agency was imputed the
+cure of wounds, effected by applying salves and powders, not to
+the wound itself, but to the sword or dagger, by which it had been
+inflicted; a course of treatment, which, wonderful as it may at first
+seem, was certainly frequently attended with signal success.[A] This,
+however, was attributed to magic, and those, who submitted to such a
+mode of cure, were refused spiritual assistance.
+
+[Footnote A: The first part of the process was to wash the wound clean,
+and bind it up so as to promote adhesion, and exclude the air. Now,
+though the remedies, afterwards applied to the sword, could hardly
+promote so desirable an issue, yet it is evident the wound stood a good
+chance of healing by the operation of nature, which, I believe, medical
+gentlemen call a cure by the first intention.]
+
+The vulgar continue to believe firmly in the phenomenon of the murdered
+corpse bleeding at the approach of the murderer. "Many (I adopt the
+words of an ingenious correspondent) are the proofs advanced in
+confirmation of the opinion, against those who are so hardy as to doubt
+it; but one, in particular, as it is said to have happened in this
+place, I cannot help repeating.
+
+"Two young men, going a fishing in the river Yarrow, fell out; and so
+high ran the quarrel, that the one, in a passion, stabbed the other to
+the heart with a fish spear. Astonished "at the rash act, he hesitated
+whether to fly, give himself up to justice, or conceal the crime; and,
+in the end, fixed on the latter expedient, burying the body of his
+friend very deep in the sands. As the meeting had been accidental, he
+was never from gaiety to a settled melancholy. Time passed on for
+the space of fifty years, when a smith, fishing near the same place,
+discovered an uncommon and curious bone, which he put in his pocket,
+and afterwards showed to some people in his smithy. The murderer being
+present, now an old white-headed man, leaning on his staff, desired a
+sight of the little bone; but how horrible was the issue! no sooner had
+he touched it, than it streamed with purple blood. Being told where it
+was found, he confessed the crime, was condemned, but was prevented, by
+death, from suffering the punishment due to his crime.
+
+"Such opinions, though reason forbids us to believe them, a few moments
+reflection on the cause of their origin will teach us to revere. Under
+the feudal system which prevailed, the rights of humanity were too often
+violated, and redress very hard to be procured; thus an awful deference
+to one of the leading attributes of Omnipotence begat on the mind,
+untutored by philosophy, the first germ of these supernatural effects;
+which was, by superstitious zeal, assisted, perhaps, by a few instances
+of sudden remorse, magnified into evidence of indisputable guilt."
+
+
+
+THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.
+
+NOW FIRST PUBLISHED IN A PERFECT STATE.
+
+
+Lochroyan, whence this ballad probably derives its name, lies in
+Galloway. The lover, who, if the story be real, may be supposed to have
+been detained by sickness, is represented, in the legend, as confined by
+Fairy charms in an enchanted castle situated in the sea. The ruins of
+ancient edifices are still visible on the summits of most of those
+small islands, or rather insulated rocks, which lie along the coast of
+Ayrshire and Galloway; as Ailsa and Big Scaur.
+
+This edition of the ballad obtained is composed of verses selected from
+three MS. copies, and two from recitation. Two of the copies are in
+Herd's MSS.; the third in that of Mrs Brown of Falkland.
+
+A fragment of the original song, which is sometimes denominated _Lord
+Gregory_, or _Love Gregory_, was published in Mr Herd's Collection,
+1774, and, still more fully, in that of Laurie and Symington, 1792. The
+story has been celebrated both by Burns and Dr Wolcott.
+
+
+
+THE LASS OF LOCHROYAN.
+
+
+  "O wha will shoe my bonny foot?
+   "And wha will glove my hand?
+  "And wha will lace my middle jimp
+   "W' a lang lang linen band?
+
+  "O wha will kame my yellow hair
+   "With a new made silver kame?
+  "And wha will father my young son
+   "Till Lord Gregory come hame?"
+
+  "Thy father will shoe thy bonny foot,
+   "Thy mother will glove thy hand,
+  "Thy sister will lace thy middle jimp,
+   "Till Lord Gregory come to land.
+
+  "Thy brother will kame thy yellow hair
+    "With a new made silver kame,
+  "And God will be thy bairn's father
+    "Till Lord Gregory come hame."
+
+  "But I will get a bonny boat,
+    "And I will sail the sea;
+  "And I will gang to Lord Gregory,
+    "Since he canna come hame to me."
+
+  Syne she's gar'd build a bonny boat,
+    To sail the salt salt sea:
+  The sails were o' the light-green silk,
+    The tows[A] o' taffety.
+
+  She hadna sailed but twenty leagues,
+    But twenty leagues and three,
+  When she met wi' a rank robber,
+    And a' his company.
+
+  "Now whether are ye the queen hersell,
+    "(For so ye weel might be)
+  "Or are ye the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "Seekin' Lord Gregory?"
+
+  "O I am neither the queen," she said,
+    "Nor sic I seem to be;
+  "But I am the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "Seekin' Lord Gregory."
+
+  "O see na thou yon bonny bower?
+    "Its a' covered o'er wi' tiu:
+  "When thou hast sailed it round about,
+    "Lord Gregory is within."
+
+  And when she saw the stately tower
+    Shining sae clear and bright,
+  Whilk stood aboon the jawing[B] wave,
+    Built on a rock of height;
+
+  Says--"Row the boat, my mariners,
+    "And bring me to the land!
+  "For yonder I see my love's castle
+    "Close by the salt sea strand."
+
+  She sailed it round, and sailed it round,
+    And loud, loud, cried she--
+  "Now break, now break, ye Fairy charms,
+    "And set my true love free!"
+
+  She's ta'en her young son in her arms,
+   And to the door she's gane;
+  And long she knocked, and sair she ca'd,
+   But answer got she nane.
+
+  "O open the door, Lord Gregory!
+   "O open, and let me in!
+  "For the wind blaws through my yellow hair,
+   "And the rain drops o'er my chin."
+
+  "Awa, awa, ye ill woman!
+   "Ye're no come here for good!
+  "Ye're but some witch, or wil warlock,
+   "Or mermaid o' the flood."
+
+  "I am neither witch, nor wil warlock,
+   "Nor mermaid o' the sea;
+  "But I am Annie of Lochroyan;
+   "O open the door to me!"
+
+  "Gin thou be Annie of Lochroyan,
+   "(As I trow thou binna she)
+  "Now tell me some o' the love tokens
+   "That past between thee and me."
+
+  "O dinna ye mind, Lord Gregory,
+    "As we sat at the wine,
+  "We chang'd the rings frae our fingers,
+    "And I can shew thee thine?
+
+  "O your's was gude, and gude enough,
+    "But ay the best was mine;
+  "For your's was o' the gude red gowd,
+    "But mine o' the diamond fine.
+
+  "And has na thou mind, Lord Gregory,
+    "As we sat on the hill,
+  "Thou twin'd me o' my maidenheid
+    "Right sair against my will?
+
+  "Now, open the door, Lord Gregory!
+    "Open the door, I pray!
+  "For thy young son is in my arms,
+    "And will be dead ere day."
+
+  "If thou be the lass of Lochroyan,
+    "(As I kenna thou be)
+  "Tell me some mair o' the love tokens
+    "Past between me and thee."
+
+  Fair Annie turned her round about--
+    "Weel! since that it be sae,
+  "May never woman, that has borne a son,
+    "Hae a heart sae fu' o' wae!
+
+  "Take down, take down, that mast o' gowd!
+    "Set up a mast o' tree!
+  "It disna become a forsaken lady.
+    "To sail sae royallie."
+
+  When the cock had crawn, and the day did dawn.
+    And the sun began to peep,
+  Then up and raise him, Lord Gregory,
+    And sair, sair did he weep.
+
+  "O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,
+    "I wish it may prove true!
+  "That the bonny lass of Lochroyan
+    "Was at the yate e'en now.
+
+  "O I hae dreamed a dream, mother,
+    "The thought o't gars me greet!
+  "That fair Annie o' Lochroyan
+    "Lay cauld dead at my feet."
+
+  "Gin it be for Annie of Lochroyan
+   "That ye make a' this din,
+  "She stood a' last night at your door,
+   "But I trow she wanna in."
+
+  "O wae betide ye, ill woman!
+   "An ill deid may ye die!
+  "That wadna open the door to her,
+   "Nor yet wad waken me."
+
+  O he's gane down to yon shore side
+   As fast as he could fare;
+  He saw fair Annie in the boat,
+   But the wind it tossed her sair.
+
+  "And hey Annie, and how Annie!
+   "O Annie, winna ye bide!"
+  But ay the mair he cried Annie,
+   The braider grew the tide.
+
+  "And hey Annie, and how Annie!
+   "Dear Annie, speak to me!"
+  But ay the louder he cried Annie,
+   The louder roared the sea.
+
+  The wind blew loud, the sea grew rough,
+    And dashed the boat on shore;
+  Fair Annie floated through the faem,
+    But the babie raise no more.
+
+  Lord Gregory tore his yellow hair,
+    And made a heavy moan;
+  Fair Annie's corpse lay at his feet,
+    Her bonny young son was gone.
+
+  O cherry, cherry was her cheek,
+    And gowden was her hair;
+  But clay-cold were her rosy lips--
+    Nae spark o' life was there.
+
+  And first he kissed her cherry cheek,
+    And syne he kissed her chin,
+  And syne he kissed her rosy lips--
+    There was nae breath within.
+
+  "O wae betide my cruel mother!
+    "An ill death may she die!
+  "She turned my true love frae my door,
+    "Wha came sae far to me.
+
+  "O wae betide my cruel mother!
+    "An ill death may she die!
+  "She turned fair Annie frae my door,
+    "Wha died for love o' me."
+
+[Footnote A: _Tows_--Ropes.]
+
+[Footnote B: _Jawing_--Dashing.]
+
+
+
+ROSE THE RED AND WHITE LILLY.
+
+NEVER BEFORE PUBLISHED.
+
+
+_This legendary Tale is given chiefly from Mrs_ BROWN'S _MS.
+Accordingly, many of the rhymes arise from the Northern mode of
+pronunciation; as_ dee _for_ do, _and the like.--Perhaps the Ballad may
+have originally related to the history of the celebrated_ ROBIN HOOD;
+_as mention is made of Barnisdale, his favourite abode._
+
+  O Rose the Red, and White Lilly,
+   Their mother deir was dead:
+  And their father has married an ill woman,
+   Wished them twa little guid.
+
+  But she had twa as gallant sons
+   As ever brake man's bread;
+  And the tane o' them lo'ed her, White Lilly,
+   And the tother Rose the Red.
+
+  O bigged hae they a bigly bour,
+    Fast by the roaring strand;
+  And there was mair mirth in the ladyes' bour,
+    Nor in a' their father's land.
+
+  But out and spake their step-mother,
+    As she stood a little forebye--
+  "I hope to live and play the prank,
+    "Sall gar your loud sang lie."
+
+  She's call'd upon her eldest son;
+    "Cum here, my son, to me:
+  "It fears me sair, my bauld Arthur,
+    "That ye maun sail the sea."
+
+  "Gin sae it maun be, my deir mother,
+    "Your bidding I maun dee;
+  "But, be never waur to Rose the Red,
+    "Than ye hae been to me."
+
+  She's called upon her youngest son;
+    "Cum here, my son, to me:
+  "It fears me sair, my Brown Robin,
+    "That ye maun sail the sea."
+
+  "Gin it fear ye sair, my mother deir,
+    "Your bidding I sall dee;
+  But, be never waur to White Lilly,
+    "Than ye hae been to me."
+
+  "Now hand your tongues, ye foolish boys!
+    "For small sall be their part:
+  "They ne'er again sall see your face,
+    "Gin their very hearts suld break."
+
+  Sae Bauld Arthur's gane to our king's court,
+    His hie chamberlain to be;
+  But Brown Robin, he has slain a knight,
+    And to grene-wood he did flee.
+
+  When Rose the Red, and White Lilly,
+    Saw their twa loves were gane,
+  Sune did they drop the loud loud sang,
+    Took up the still mourning.
+
+  And out then spake her White Lilly;
+    "My sister, we'll be gane:
+  "Why suld we stay in Barnisdale,
+    "To mourn our hour within?"
+
+  O cutted hae they their green cloathing,
+    A little abune their knee;
+  And sae hae they their yellow hair,
+    A little abune their bree.
+
+  And left hae they that bonny hour,
+    To cross the raging sea;
+  And they hae ta'en to a holy chapel,
+    Was christened by Our Ladye.
+
+  And they hae changed their twa names,
+    Sae far frae ony toun;
+  And the tane o' them's hight Sweet Willie,
+    And the tother's Rouge the Rounde.
+
+  Between the twa a promise is,
+    And they hae sworn it to fulfill;
+  Whenever the tane blew a bugle-horn,
+    The tother suld cum her till.
+
+  Sweet Willy's gane to the king's court,
+    Her true love for to see;
+  And Rouge the Rounde to gude grene-wood,
+    Brown Robin's man to be.
+
+  O it fell anes, upon a time,
+    They putted at the stane;
+  And seven foot ayont them a',
+    Brown Robin's gar'd it gang.
+
+  She lifted the heavy putting-stane,
+    And gave a sad "O hon!"
+  Then out bespake him, Brown Robin,
+    "But that's a woman's moan!"
+
+  "O kent ye by my rosy lips?
+    "Or by my yellow hair?
+  "Or kent ye by my milk-white breast,
+    "Ye never yet saw bare?"
+
+  "I kent na by your rosy lips,
+    "Nor by your yellow hair;
+  "But, cum to your bour whaever likes,
+    "They'll find a ladye there."
+
+  "O gin ye come my bour within,
+    "Through fraud, deceit, or guile,
+  "Wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,
+    "I vow I will thee kill."
+
+  "Yet durst I cum into your bour,
+   "And ask nae leave," quo' he;
+  "And wi' this same brand, that's in my hand,
+   "Wave danger back on thee."
+
+  About the dead hour o' the night,
+   The ladye's bour was broken;
+  And, about the first hour o' the day,
+   The fair knave bairn was gotten.
+
+  When days were gane, and months were come,
+   The ladye was sad and wan;
+  And aye she cried for a bour woman,
+   For to wait her upon.
+
+  Then up and spake him, Brown Robin,
+   "And what needs this?" quo' he;
+  "Or what can woman do for you,
+   "That canna be done by me?"
+
+  "'Twas never my mother's fashion," she said,
+   "Nor shall it e'er be mine,
+  "That belted knights should e'er remain
+   "While ladyes dree'd their pain.
+
+  "But, gin ye take that bugle-horn,
+    "And wind a blast sae shrill,
+  "I hae a brother in yonder court,
+    "Will cum me quickly till."
+
+  "O gin ye hae a brother on earth,
+    "That ye lo'e mair than me,
+  "Ye may blaw the horn yoursell," he says,
+    "For a blast I winna gie."
+
+  She's ta'en the bugle in her hand,
+    And blawn baith loud and shrill;
+  Sweet William started at the sound,
+    And cam her quickly till.
+
+  O up and starts him, Brown Robin,
+    And swore by Our Ladye,
+  "No man shall cum into this hour,
+    "But first maun fight wi' me."
+
+  O they hae fought the wood within,
+    Till the sun was going down;
+  And drops o' blood, frae Rose the Red,
+    Came pouring to the ground.
+
+  She leant her back against an aik,
+    Said--"Robin, let me be:
+  "For it is a ladye, bred and born,
+    "That has fought this day wi' thee."
+
+  O seven foot he started back.
+    Cried--"Alas and woe is me!
+  "For I wished never, in all my life,
+    "A woman's bluid to see:
+
+  "And that all for the knightly vow
+    "I swore to Our Ladye;
+  "But mair for the sake o' ae fair maid,
+    "Whose name was White Lilly."
+
+  Then out and spake her, Rouge the Rounde,
+    And leugh right heartilie,
+  "She has been wi' you this year and mair,
+    "Though ye wistna it was she."
+
+  Now word has gane through all the land,
+    Before a month was gane,
+  That a forester's page, in gude grene-wood,
+    Had borne a bonny son.
+
+  The marvel gaed to the king's court,
+    And to the king himsell;
+  "Now, by my fay," the king did say,
+    "The like was never heard tell!"
+
+  Then out and spake him, Bauld Arthur,
+    And laugh'd right loud and hie--
+  "I trow some may has plaid the lown,[A]
+    "And fled her ain countrie."
+
+  "Bring me my steid!" the king can say;
+    "My bow and arrows keen;
+  "And I'll gae hunt in yonder wood,
+    "And see what's to be seen."
+
+  "Gin it please your grace," quo' Bauld Arthur,
+    "My liege, I'll gang you wi';
+  "And see gin I can meet a bonny page,
+    "That's stray'd awa frae me."
+
+  And they hae chaced in gude grene-wood,
+    The buck but and the rae,
+  Till they drew near Brown Robin's hour,
+    About the close o' day.
+
+  Then out and spake the king himsell,
+   Says--"Arthur, look and see,
+  "Gin you be not your favourite page,
+   "That leans against yon tree."
+
+  O Arthur's ta'en a bugle-horn,
+   And blawn a blast sae shrill;
+  Sweet Willie started to her feet,
+   And ran him quickly till.
+
+  "O wanted ye your meat, Willie,
+   "Or wanted ye your fee?
+  "Or gat ye e'er an angry word,
+   "That ye ran awa frae me?"
+
+  "I wanted nought, my master dear;
+   "To me ye aye was good:
+  "I cam to see my ae brother,
+   "That wons in this grene-wood."
+
+  Then out bespake the king again,--
+   "My boy, now tell to me,
+  "Who dwells into yon bigly bour,
+   "Beneath yon green aik tree?"
+
+  "O pardon me," said Sweet Willy;
+    "My liege I dare na tell;
+  "And gang na near yon outlaw's bour,
+    "For fear they suld you kill."
+
+  "O hand your tongue, my bonny boy!
+    "For I winna be said nay;
+  "But I will gang yon hour within,
+    "Betide me weal or wae."
+
+  They have lighted frae their milk-white steids,
+    And saftly entered in;
+  And there they saw her, White Lilly,
+    Nursing her bonny young son.
+
+  "Now, by the mass," the king he said,
+    "This is a comely sight;
+  "I trow, instead of a forester's man,
+    "This is a ladye bright!"
+
+  O out and spake her, Rose the Red,
+    And fell low on her knee:--
+  "O pardon us, my gracious liege,
+    "And our story I'll tell thee.
+
+  "Our father is a wealthy lord,
+    "Lives into Barnisdale;
+  "But we had a wicked step-mother,
+    "That wrought us meikle bale.
+
+  "Yet had she twa as fu' fair sons,
+    "As e'er the sun did see;
+  "And the tane o' them lo'ed my sister deir,
+    "And the tother said he lo'ed me."
+
+  Then out and cried him, Bauld Arthur,
+    As by the king he stood,--
+  "Now, by the faith of my body,
+    "This suld be Rose the Red!
+
+  The king has sent for robes o' grene,
+    And girdles o' shining gold;
+  And sae sune have the ladyes busked themselves,
+    Sae glorious to behold.
+
+  Then in and came him, Brown Robin,
+    Frae hunting o' the king's deer,
+  But when he saw the king himsell,
+    He started back for fear.
+
+  The king has ta'en Robin by the hand,
+   And bade him nothing dread,
+  But quit for aye the gude grene wood,
+   And cum to the court wi' speed.
+
+  The king has ta'en White Lilly's son,
+   And set him on his knee;
+  Says--"Gin ye live to wield a brand,
+   "My bowman thou sall be."
+
+  They have ta'en them to the holy chapelle,
+   And there had fair wedding;
+  And when they cam to the king's court,
+   For joy the bells did ring.
+
+[Footnote A: _Lown_--Rogue.]
+
+
+
+END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,
+Vol. II (of 3), by Walter Scott
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