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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12650 ***
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustration.
+      See 12650-h.htm or 12650-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/6/5/12650/12650-h/12650-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/6/5/12650/12650-h.zip)
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION
+
+VOL. 17, NO. 488.] SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1831. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.]
+
+
+
+
+ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+
+
+This venerable structure, as we explained in No. 486 of _The Mirror_, is
+situated in the lower ward or court of Windsor Castle. It stands in the
+centre, and in a manner, divides the court into two parts. On the north
+or inner side are the houses and apartments of the Dean and Canons of
+St. George's Chapel, with those of the minor canons, clerks, and other
+officers; and on the south and west sides of the outer part are the
+houses of the Poor Knights of Windsor.
+
+The Engraving represents the south front of the Chapel as it presents
+itself to the passenger through Henry the Eighth's Gateway, the
+principal entrance to the Lower Ward. The entrance to the Chapel, as
+shown in the Engraving, is that generally used, and was formed by
+command of George the Fourth; through which his Majesty's remains were
+borne, according to a wish expressed some time previous to his death.
+
+The exterior of the Chapel requires but few descriptive details. The
+interior will be found in our last volume.
+
+It is a beautiful structure, in the purest style of the Pointed
+architecture, and was founded by Edward the Third, in 1377, for the
+honour of the Order of the Garter. But however noble the first design,
+it was improved by Edward the Fourth and Henry the Seventh, in whose
+reign the famous Sir Reg. Bray, K.G., assisted in ornamenting the chapel
+and completing the roof. The architecture of the inside has ever been
+esteemed for its great beauty; and, in particular, the stone vaulting is
+reckoned an excellent piece of workmanship. It is an ellipsis, supported
+by lofty pillars, whose ribs and groins sustain the whole roof, every
+part of which has some different device well finished, as the arms of
+several of our kings, great families, &c. On each side of the choir are
+the stalls of the Sovereign and Knights of the Garter, with the helmet,
+mantling, crest, and sword of each knight, set up over his stall, on a
+canopy of ancient carving curiously wrought. Over the canopy is affixed
+the banner of each knight blazoned on silk, and on the backs of the
+stalls are the titles of the knights, with their arms neatly engraved
+and emblazoned on copper.
+
+There are several small chapels in this edifice, in which are the
+monuments of many illustrious persons; particularly of Edward, Earl
+of Lincoln, a renowned naval warrior; George Manners, Lord Roos, and
+Anne, his consort, niece of Edward the Fourth; Anne, Duchess of Exeter,
+mother of that lady, and sister to the king; Sir Reginald Bray, before
+mentioned; and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married the sister
+of King Henry the Eighth.
+
+At the east end of St. George's Chapel is a freestone edifice, built by
+Henry the Seventh, as a burial-place for himself and his successors; but
+afterwards altering his purpose, he began the more noble structure at
+Westminster; and this remained neglected until Cardinal Wolsey obtained
+a grant of it from Henry the Eighth, and, with a profusion of expense,
+began here a sumptuous monument for himself, whence this building
+obtained the name of Wolsey's _Tomb House_. This monument was so
+magnificently built, that it exceeded that of Henry the Seventh, in
+Westminster Abbey; and at the time of the cardinal's disgrace, the tomb
+was so far executed, that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, received
+4,250 ducats for what he had already done; and 380l. 18s. had been paid
+for gilding only half of this monument. The cardinal dying soon after
+his disgrace, was buried in the cathedral at York, and the monument
+remained unfinished. In 1646, the statues and figures of gilt copper,
+of exquisite workmanship, were sold. James the Second converted this
+building into a Popish chapel, and mass was publicly performed here.
+The ceiling was painted by Verrio, and the walls were finely ornamented
+and painted; but the whole having been neglected since the reign of
+James the Second, it fell into a complete state of decay, from which,
+however, it was some years ago retrieved by George the Third, who had it
+magnificently completed (under the direction of the late James Wyatt,
+Esq.) in accordance with the original style, and a _mausoleum_
+constructed within, as a burial-place for the royal family.
+
+Windsor Castle, as the reader may recollect, was magnificently re-built
+by William of Wykeham, who was Clerk of the Works to Edward the Third,
+in 1356. Little now remains of Wykeham's workmanship, save the round
+tower, and this has just been raised considerably. Wykeham had power
+to press all sorts of artificers, and to provide stone, timber, and all
+necessary materials for conveyance and erection. Indeed, Edward caused
+workmen to be impressed out of London and several counties, to the
+number of five or six hundred, by writs directed to the various
+sheriff's, who were commanded to take security of the masons and
+joiners, that they should not leave Windsor without permission of
+the architect. What a contrast are these strong measures with the
+scrutinized votes of money recently made for the renovation of the
+Castle!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORIGIN OF THE WORD ALBION.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+To the elucidation of the word Britannia, contained in your 486th
+number, I beg to add the opinion of the same author on the subject
+of Albion:--
+
+"Albion (the most ancient name of this Isle) containeth Englande and
+Scotlande: of the beginning (origin) of which name haue been sundrie
+opinios (opinions): One late feigned by him, which first prynted the
+Englishe Chronicle,[1] wherein is neither similitude of trouth, reasone,
+nor honestie: I mean the fable of the fiftie doughters of Dioclesian,
+kyng of Syria, where neuer any other historic maketh mencion of a kyng
+of Syria, so named: Also that name is Greke, and no part of the language
+of Syria. Moreouer the coming of theim from Syria in a shippe or boate
+without any marynours (mariners) thorowe (through) the sea called
+_Mediterraneum_, into the occean, and so finally to finde this He, and
+to inhabit it, * * * * is both impossible, and much reproche to this
+noble Realme, to ascribe hir first name and habitation, to such
+inuention. Another opinion is (which hath a more honeste similitude)
+that it was named _Albion, ab albis rupibus_, of white rockes, because
+that unto them, that come by sea, the bankes and rockes of this He doe
+appeare whyte. Of this opinion I moste mervayle (marvel), because it is
+written of great learned men, First, _Albion_ is no latin worde, nor
+hath the analogie, that is to saie, proportion or similitude of latine.
+For who hath founde this syllable _on_, at the ende of a latin woord.
+And if it should have bæn (been) so called for the whyte colour of the
+rockes, men would have called called it (I believe this to be a
+misprint) _Alba_, or _Albus_, or Album. In Italy were townes called
+Alba[2] and in Asia a countrey called Albania, and neither of them took
+their beginning of whyte rockes, or walles, as ye may read in books of
+geographic: nor the water of the ryuer called _Albis_, semeth any whiter
+than other water. But if where auncient remembraunce of the beginning
+of thinges lacketh, it may be leeful for men to use their conjectures,
+than may myne be as well accepted as Plinies (although he incomparably
+excelled me in wisedome e doctrine) specially if it may appéer, that
+my coiecture (conjecture) shal approch more neere to the similitude
+of trouth. Wherfore I will also sett foorth mine opinion onely to
+the intent to exclude fables, lackyng eyther honestie or reasonable
+similitudes. Whan the Greekes began first to prosper, and their cities
+became populous, and wared puissaunt, they which trauailed on the seas,
+and also the yles in the seas called _Hellespontus, Æigeum and Creticu_
+(m), after that thei knewe perfectly the course of sailynge, and had
+founden thereby profyte, they by little and little attempted to serch
+and finde out the commodities of outwarde countrees: and like as
+Spaniardes and Portugalls haue late doone, they experienced to seeke out
+countries before unknown. And at laste passynge the streictes of
+Marrocke (Morocco) they entered into the great occean sea, where they
+fond (found) dyvers and many Iles. Among which they perceiuing this Ile
+to be not onely the greatest in circuite, but also most plenteouse of
+every necessary to man, the earth moste apte to bring forth," &c. The
+learned prelate goes on to enumerate the natural advantages of our
+country. He continues--"They wanderynge and reioysinge at their good and
+fortunate arrival, named this yle in Greeke _Olbion_, which in Englishe
+signifieth happy."
+
+_Foley Place._
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+    [1] Holinshed.
+
+    [2] Alba, the city of Romulus, the founder of Rome, was called so
+        from a white sow found there by Æneas.--Vide Livy, lib. i
+
+        Cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam
+        Litoreis ingens inventa sub illicibus sus,
+        Triginta capitum foetus enixa jacebit,
+        Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati:
+        Is locus urbis erit ei.
+
+        Virgil Æneid, lib. iii. v. 390.
+
+        When, in the shady shelter of a wood
+        And near the margin of a gentle flood,
+        Thou shalt behold a sow upon the ground,
+        With thirty sucking young encompassed round;
+        The dam and offspring white as falling snow:
+        These on thy city shall their name bestow, &c.
+
+        DRYDEN.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  "Preach to the storm, or reason with despair,
+  But tell not misery's son that life is fair"
+  H.K. WHITE.
+
+
+  I mark'd his eye--it beam'd with gladness,
+  His ceaseless smile and joyous air,
+  His infant soul had ne'er felt sadness,
+  Nor kenn'd he yet but _life was fair._
+  His chubby cheek with genuine mirth
+  Blown out--while all around him smiled,
+  And fairy-land to him seemed earth,
+  I envied him, unwitting child.
+
+  I look'd again--his eye was flush'd
+  With passion proud and deep delight,
+  But often o'er his brow there gush'd
+  A blackened cloud which made it night,
+  But still the cloud would wear away,
+  (His youthful cheek was red and rare,)
+  And still his heart beat light and gay,
+  Still did he fancy _life was fair._
+
+  Again I looked--another change--
+  The darkened eye, the visage wan,
+  Told me that sorrow had been there,
+  Told me that time had made him man.
+  His brow was overcast, and deep
+  Had care, the demon, furrow'd there,
+  I heard him sigh with anguish deep,
+  "_Oh! tell me not that life is fair._"
+
+
+COLBOURNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BIRTHPLACE OF LOCKE.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+The philosopher was born in the room lighted by the upper window on the
+right, in your Engraving No. 487. It is a small, plain apartment, having
+few indications of former respectability.
+
+In the garden of Barley Wood, near Wrington, the residence of the
+religious and sentimental Hannah More, stands an urn commemorative
+of Locke, the gift of Mrs. Montague, with the following inscription:
+
+
+            To
+        JOHN LOCKE,
+    Born in this village.
+  This memorial is erected
+            by
+       Mrs. Montague,
+      and presented to
+        HANNAH MORE.
+
+
+J. SILVESTER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A FUNERAL AT SEA.
+
+We quote the following "last scene of poor Jack's eventful history" from
+Capt. Basil Hall's _Fragments of Voyages and Travel_, a work, observes
+the _Quarterly Review_, "sure sooner or later, to be in everybody's
+hands."
+
+"It need not be mentioned, that the surgeon is in constant attendance
+upon the dying man, who has generally been removed from his hammock to a
+cot, which is larger and more commodious, and is placed within a screen
+on one side of the sick bay, as the hospital of the ship is called. It
+is usual for the captain to pass through this place, and to speak to the
+men every morning; and I imagine there is hardly a ship in the service
+in which wine, fresh meat, and any other supplies recommended by the
+surgeon, are not sent from the tables of the captain and officers to
+such of the sick men as require a more generous diet than the ship's
+stores provided. After the carver in the gun-room has helped his
+messmates, he generally turns to the surgeon, and says, 'Doctor, what
+shall I send to the sick?' But, even without this, the steward would
+certainly be taken to task were he to omit inquiring, as a matter of
+course, what was wanted in the sick bay. The restoration of the health
+of the invalids by such supplies is perhaps not more important, however,
+than the moral influence of the attention on the part of the officers.
+I would strongly recommend every captain to be seen (no matter for how
+short a time) by the bed-side of any of his crew whom the surgeon may
+report as dying. Not occasionally, and in the flourishing style with
+which we read of great generals visiting hospitals, but uniformly and in
+the quiet sobriety of real kindness, as well as hearty consideration for
+the feelings of a man falling at his post in the service of his country.
+He who is killed in action has a brilliant Gazette to record his
+exploits, and the whole country may be said to attend his death-bed. But
+the merit is not less--or may even be much greater--of the soldier or
+sailor who dies of a fever in a distant land--his story untold, and his
+sufferings unseen. In warring against climates unsuited to his frame,
+he may have encountered, in the public service, enemies often more
+formidable than those who handle pike and gun. There should be nothing
+left undone, therefore, at such a time, to show not only to the dying
+man, but to his shipmates and his family at home, that his services are
+appreciated. I remembered, on one occasion, hearing the captain of a
+ship say to a poor fellow who was almost gone, that he was glad to see
+him so cheerful at such a moment; and begged to know if he had anything
+to say. 'I hope, sir,' said the expiring seaman with a smile, 'I have
+done my duty to your satisfaction;' 'That you have, my lad,' said his
+commander, 'and to the satisfaction of your country, too.' 'That is all
+I wanted to know, sir,' replied the man. These few commonplace words
+cost the captain not five minutes of his time, but were long recollected
+with gratitude by the people under his orders, and contributed, along
+with many other graceful acts of considerate attention, to fix his
+authority.
+
+"If a sailor who knows he is dying, has a captain who pleases him,
+he is very likely to send a message by the surgeon to beg a visit--not
+often to trouble his commander with any commission, but merely to say
+something at parting. No officer, of course, would ever refuse to grant
+such an interview, but it appears to me it should always be volunteered;
+for many men may wish it, whose habitual respect would disincline them
+to take such a liberty, even at the moment when all distinctions are
+about to cease.
+
+"Very shortly after poor Jack dies, he is prepared for his deep-sea
+grave by his messmates, who, with the assistance of the sailmaker, and
+in the presence of the master-at-arms, sew him up in his hammock, and,
+having placed a couple of cannon-shot at his feet, they rest the body
+(which now not a little resembles an Egyptian mummy) on a spare grating.
+Some portion of the bedding and clothes are always made up in the
+package--apparently to prevent the form being too much seen. It is then
+carried aft, and, being placed across the after-hatchway, the union
+jack is thrown over all. Sometimes it is placed between two of the guns,
+under the half deck; bat generally, I think, he is laid where I have
+mentioned, just abaft the mainmast. I should have mentioned before, that
+as soon as the surgeon's ineffectual professional offices are at an end,
+he walks to the quarter-deck, and reports to the officer of the watch
+that one of his patients has just expired. At whatever hour of the day
+or night this occurs, the captain is immediately made acquainted with
+the circumstance.
+
+"Next day, generally about eleven o'clock, the bell on which the
+half-hours are struck, is tolled for the funeral, and all who choose
+to be present, assemble on the gangways, booms, and round the mainmast,
+while the forepart of the quarter-deck is occupied by the officers. In
+some ships--and it ought perhaps to be so in all--it is made imperative
+on the officers and crew to attend the ceremony. If such attendance be
+a proper mark of respect to a professional brother--as it surely is--it
+ought to be enforced, and not left to caprice. There may, indeed, be
+times of great fatigue, when it would harass men and officers,
+needlessly, to oblige them to come on deck for every funeral, and upon
+such occasions the watch on deck may be sufficient. Or, when some dire
+disease gets into a ship, and is cutting down her crew by its daily and
+nightly, or it maybe hourly ravages, and when, two or three times in a
+watch, the ceremony must be repeated, those only, whose turn it is to be
+on deck, need be assembled. In such fearful times, the funeral is
+generally made to follow close upon the death.
+
+"While the people are repairing to the quarter-deck, in obedience to
+the summons of the bell, the grating on which the body is placed, being
+lifted from the main-deck by the messmates of the man who has died, is
+made to rest across the lee-gangway. The stanchions for the man-ropes
+of the side are unshipped, and an opening made at the after-end of the
+hammock netting, sufficiently large to allow a free passage. The body is
+still covered by the flag already mentioned, with the feet projecting
+a little over the gunwale, while the messmates of the deceased arrange
+themselves on each side. A rope, which is kept out of sight in these
+arrangements, is then made fast to the grating, for a purpose which will
+be seen presently. When all is ready, the chaplain, if there be one on
+board, or, if not, the captain, or any of the officers he may direct
+to officiate, appears on the quarter-deck and commences the beautiful
+service, which, though but too familiar to most ears, I have observed,
+never fails to rivet the attention even of the rudest and least
+reflecting. Of course, the bell has ceased to toll, and every one stands
+in silence and uncovered as the prayers are read. Sailors, with all
+their looseness of habits, are well disposed to be sincerely religious;
+and when they have fair play given them, they will always, I believe,
+be found to stand on as good vantage ground, in this respect, as their
+fellow-countrymen on shore. Be this as it may, there can be no more
+attentive, or apparently reverent auditory, than assembles on the deck
+of a ship of war, on the occasion of a shipmate's burial.
+
+"The land service for the burial of the dead contains the following
+words: 'Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God, of his great mercy,
+to take unto himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we
+therefore commit his body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to
+ashes, dust to dust; in sure and certain hope,' &c. Every one I am
+sure, who has attended the funeral of a friend--and whom will this not
+include?--must recollect the solemnity of that stage of the ceremony,
+where, as the above words are pronounced, there are cast into the grave
+three successive portions of earth, which, falling on the coffin, send
+up a hollow, mournful sound, resembling no other that I know. In the
+burial service at sea, the part quoted above is varied in the following
+very striking and solemn manner:--'Forasmuch,' &c.--'we therefore commit
+his body to the deep, to be turned into corruption, looking for the
+resurrection of the body, when the sea shall give up her dead, and the
+life of the world to come,' &c. At the commencement of this part of the
+service, one of the seamen stoops down, and disengages the flag from the
+remains of his late shipmate, while the others, at the words 'we commit
+his body to the deep,' project the grating right into the sea. The body
+being loaded with shot at one end, glances off the grating, plunges at
+once into the ocean, and--
+
+  "'In a moment, like a drop of rain,
+  He sinks into its depths with bubbling groan,
+  Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown.'
+
+"This part of the ceremony is rather less impressive than the
+correspondent part on land; but still there is something solemn, as
+well as startling, in the sudden splash, followed by the sound of the
+grating, as it is towed along under the main-chains.
+
+"In a fine day at sea, in smooth water, and when all the ship's company
+and officers are assembled, the ceremony just described, although a
+melancholy one, as it must always be, is often so pleasing, all things
+considered, that it is calculated to leave even cheerful impressions on
+the mind."
+
+(Even Captain Hall, however, admits that a sea-funeral may sometimes
+be a scene of unmixed sadness; and he records the following as the most
+impressive of all the hundreds he has witnessed. It occurred in the
+Leander, off the coast of North America.)
+
+"There was a poor little middy on board, so delicate and fragile, that
+the sea was clearly no fit profession for him; but he or his friends
+thought otherwise; and as he had a spirit for which his frame was no
+match, he soon gave token of decay. This boy was a great favourite with
+every body--the sailors smiled whenever he passed, as they would have
+done to a child--the officers petted him, and coddled him up with
+all sorts of good things--and his messmates, in a style which did not
+altogether please him, but which he could not well resist, as it was
+meant most kindly, nicknamed him Dolly. Poor fellow!--he was long
+remembered afterwards. I forget what his particular complaint was, but
+he gradually sunk; and at last went out just as a taper might have done,
+exposed to such gusts of wind as blew in that tempestuous region. He
+died in the morning; but it was not until the evening that he was
+prepared for a seaman's grave.
+
+"I remember, in the course of the day, going to the side of the boy's
+hammock, and on laying my hand upon his breast, was astonished to find
+it still warm--so much so, that I almost imagined I could feel the heart
+beat. This, of course, was a vain fancy; but I was much attached to my
+little companion, being then not much taller myself--and I was soothed
+and gratified, in a childish way, by discovering that my friend, though
+many hours dead, had not yet acquired the usual revolting chillness.
+
+"In after years I have sometimes thought of this incident, when
+reflecting on the pleasing doctrine of the Spaniards--that as soon as
+children die, they are translated into angels, without any of those cold
+obstructions, which, they pretend, intercept and retard the souls of
+other mortals. The peculiar circumstances connected with the funeral
+which I am about to describe, and the fanciful superstitions of the
+sailors upon the occasion, have combined to fix the whole scene in
+my memory.
+
+"Something occurred during the day to prevent the funeral taking place
+at the usual hour, and the ceremony was deferred till long after sunset.
+The evening was extremely dark, and it was blowing a treble-reefed
+topsail breeze. We had just sent down the top-gallant yards, and made
+all snug for a boisterous winter's night. As it became necessary to have
+lights to see what was done, several signal lanterns were placed on the
+break of the quarter-deck, and others along the hammock railings on the
+lee-gangway. The whole ship's company and officers were assembled, some
+on the booms, others in the boats; while the main-rigging was crowded
+half way up to the cat-harpings. Over-head, the mainsail, illuminated
+as high as the yard by the lamps, was bulging forwards under the gale,
+which was rising every minute, and straining so violently at the
+main-sheet, that there was some doubt whether it might not be necessary
+to interrupt the funeral in order to take sail off the ship. The lower
+deck ports lay completely under water, and several times the muzzles of
+the main-deck guns were plunged into the sea; so that the end of the
+grating on which the remains of poor Dolly were laid, once or twice
+nearly touched the tops of the waves, as they foamed and hissed past.
+The rain fell fast on the bare heads of the crew, dropping also on the
+officers, during all the ceremony, from the foot of the mainsail, and
+wetting the leaves of the prayer-book. The wind sighed over us amongst
+the wet shrouds, with a note so mournful, that there could not have been
+a more appropriate dirge.
+
+"The ship--pitching violently--strained and creaked from end to end: so
+that, what with the noise of the sea, the rattling of the ropes, and the
+whistling of the wind, hardly one word of the service could be
+distinguished. The men, however, understood, by a motion of the
+captain's hand, when the time came--and the body of our dear little
+brother was committed to the deep.
+
+"So violent a squall was sweeping past the ship at this moment, that no
+sound was heard of the usual splash, which made the sailors allege that
+their young favourite never touched the water at all, but was at once
+carried off in the gale to his final resting-place!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE TOPOGRAPHER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+                       Either shore
+  Presents its combination to the view
+  Of all that interests, delights, enchants;--
+  Corn-waving fields, and pastures green, and slope,
+  And swell alternate, summits crown'd with leaf,
+  And grave-encircled mansions, verdant capes,
+  The beach, the inn, the farm, the mill, the path,
+  And tinkling rivulets, and waters wide,
+  Spreading in lake-like mirrors to the sun.
+
+  N.T. CARRINGTON.
+
+
+_Swansea Bay:--Scenery and Antiquities of Gower._
+
+The coast scenery of the western portion of Glamorgan is of singular
+beauty. We shall ever recall with delight our recollections of Gower,
+and we believe the future tourist will thank us for the outline of the
+more prominent beauties in the circle of the district, which we now
+give. Let us suppose ourselves at Swansea, and start on an excursion to
+the Mumbles and Caswell Bay. A road has been formed within these few
+years to the village of Oystermouth, about five miles from Swansea.
+It is perfectly level, bounded by a tram-road, and runs close to the
+sea-beach, forming the western side of Swansea Bay. The encroachments
+of the sea have been very extensive here; at high water shipping now
+traverse what was fifty years ago, we are told, a marshy flat, bordered
+by a wood near the present road, the stumps of which yet appear on the
+sandy beach. We have several times on riding to low water mark (about
+three quarters of a mile out) been nearly involved in a quick-sand
+adventure. Landward, the ground is broken and elevated, and thickly
+studded with gentlemen's seats the whole distance; many of which are
+embosomed in wood, and have a beautiful effect. Marino, an extensive
+new mansion in the Elizabethan or old English style of architecture,
+belonging to Mr. J.H. Vivian, and Woodlands Castle, the seat of General
+Warde, which is very picturesque, are particularly deserving of
+attention. After passing the hamlet of Norton, you near Oystermouth
+Castle, an extensive and splendid Gothic ruin, in fine preservation,
+which rears its "ivy-mantled" walls, above an eminence adjoining the
+road. Some suppose it to have been built by Henry de Newburgh, Earl
+of Warwick, in Henry the First's reign; others ascribe it on better
+authority to the Lords Braose, of Gower, in the reign of John; it is now
+the property of the Duke of Beaufort, whose care in its preservation
+cannot be too much commended. The inspection of this interesting ruin
+will repay the traveller:
+
+
+  By the grim storm-clouds overcast,
+  Even like a spectre of the past,--
+  Of rapine, feudal strife, and blood,
+    Thou tellest an old, wild, warlike story,
+  When squadrons on thy ramparts stood,
+    With spear and shield in martial glory!
+
+  DELTA.
+
+
+The walls are very lofty and not much injured by time; the plan of the
+various chambers, extensive vaults and chambers in the inner courtyard,
+can be perfectly distinguished. The general form of the castle, which
+must once have been very strong, is nearly a square, with a projecting
+gatehouse to the S.E. which is almost perfect. The keep on the eastern
+side commands a lovely view. About half a mile further is the village of
+Oystermouth, clustering with its whitewashed roofs along the foot and
+declivity of a high mass of rock, which juts boldly out into the sea
+for half a mile, forming the south-eastern extremity of Gower, and
+terminating Swansea Bay. The village is celebrated as a bathing place,
+and for its extensive fishery for oysters, with which it supplies
+Bristol, Gloucestershire, North Somerset, &c. This trade gives
+occupation to a considerable number of fishermen who are the chief
+inhabitants of the place; but in the spring and summer, Oystermouth,
+in consequence of the great beauty of the situation, and its extreme
+salubrity, is completely filled with strangers, and high rates are
+obtained for lodgings; the accommodations are mostly indifferent, though
+the place is improving fast. The prospect from the summit of the rocks
+is truly exhilarating and beautiful. On one side, the spectator beholds
+just below him, the Atlantic rushing with all its majesty up the Bristol
+Channel--rising over the mixon sands into a really mountainous
+swell--while on the other, Swansea Bay, glittering with the white sails
+and varied combinations of a crowd of shipping, seems spread out like a
+vast and beautiful lake; its eastern shores bounded in the distance by
+the mountainous and woody scenery of Britton-Ferry, Aberavon, Margam,
+gradually diminishing towards Pyle.
+
+To the north, beyond the town of Swansea, an immense cloud of smoke is
+seen suspended over the Vales of Tawy and Neath--an abomination in the
+face of heaven. Such is the Welsh Bay of Naples, which presents this
+remarkable appearance at this spot. The anchorage aside this range of
+cliffs affords, except in an east wind, a very secure road for shipping;
+sometimes in strong weather there are two or three hundred sail lying
+here. At the termination of the peninsula are two rocky islands called
+the Mumbles, and on the farthest is a large light-house; for the support
+of which a rate is levied on all the shipping up and down channel. Below
+the light-house an immense cavern called "Bob's Cove" can be seen at
+low water. We were told that the village under the shadow of the rocks,
+loses sight of the sun for three months in winter, but this is not
+"quite correct." Let us proceed westward. About a mile from Oystermouth
+is Newton; where there are several lodging-houses. There have been many
+instances of great longevity at this village, which is perhaps the
+healthiest spot on the coast. The road to Caswell Bay, which passes
+through Newton, is almost impassable for horses; a new one however is
+talked of. The rocky valley leading to Caswell Bay, which abruptly comes
+in sight between two projecting rocks, is singularly wild and romantic.
+The bay is absolutely a mine of the picturesque--the Lullworth Cove
+of Wales. A day may be spent delightfully among its rocks and
+caverns--taking care to visit them at low water. A few miles westward is
+Oxwich Bay, the main attraction of the coast, along the rocky summit of
+which the pedestrian should "wend his way," with the ocean roaring far
+beneath him. We will, however, return to Swansea, and endeavour briefly
+to recall our first excursion into Gower.
+
+Let us fancy ourselves therefore, on a bright April morning, riding
+along with a friend--a stranger like ourselves--on the high road from
+Swansea into the interior of the peninsula. After cantering over about
+seven miles of hill and valley and common, we entered a woody defile,
+and at last opened, to use a nautical phrase, the "Gower inn," (eight
+miles) which was built, we were told, expressly for the convenience of
+tourists. After ascending a tremendous rocky hill, for road it cannot
+be called, about a mile onwards, Oxwich Bay bursts at last in all its
+beauty upon our sight. In our inquiries during the day, of the few
+passengers we met, as to the distance of the village of Penrice, the
+intended limit of our day's excursion, we were forcibly reminded of the
+"mile and a bittock" of the north. The country is very thinly populated
+here: at last we came in sight of the grounds of Penrice Castle, the
+beautiful mansion of Mr. Talbot, the member for the county; the entrance
+to the park is between two of the towers belonging to the extensive and
+picturesque remains of the ancient Castle of Penrice, which stands close
+to the road. Sixteen miles from Swansea, after "curses not loud but
+deep" upon Welsh roads, we reached the sequestered village of Penrice,
+which stands on a wooded eminence of no easy access, overlooking the
+eastern shore of Oxwich Bay.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCANA OF SCIENCE FOR 1831.
+
+It has been our invariable practice to notice, _by extract only_, such
+works as we are connected with, or to which we have contributed; and in
+the present case we shall do little more.
+
+Now, the reader need not be here told that the plan of an Annual
+Register of Inventions and Improvements originated in _The Mirror_ about
+four years since. Our intention there was to quote an occasional page or
+two of novelties of popular interest in science and art, and leave more
+abstruse matters to the journals in which they originally appeared. This
+plan led us through most of the scientific records of the year, in which
+we began to perceive that the reduction of all subjects of importance
+was not compatible within a few pages, and sooner than allow many papers
+of value to every member of society to be locked under the uninviting
+denomination of _philosophy_, we undertook the abridgement and
+arrangement of such papers, upon the plan of an "Annual Register,"
+intending our volume specially to represent the progress of discovery
+just as the general "Register" is a contribution to history. The cost
+of the journals for this purpose proved to be upwards of Twelve Guineas,
+but this outlay only made us more pleased with the design. A single
+instance will suffice. The _Philosophical Magazine_, a work of high
+character, numbers among its purchasers but few general readers: it
+contains many mathematical, theoretical, and controversial papers, all
+of which may advance their object, but are not in a form sufficiently
+tangible for any but the scientific inquirer. Still, in the same
+Magazine, there may be papers of practical and directly useful
+character, and of ready application to the arts and interests of life
+and society. A person wishing to possess these popular papers must
+therefore purchase with them a quantity of matter which to him would
+be unintelligible, and the value of which could only be appreciated
+by direct study, a task of no small import in these days of cheap
+literature. That the plan has succeeded, and that its intention has
+been fully recognised, is borne out by the testimony of a score of our
+contemporaries. Of their praise we have no disposition to make an idle
+boast; and our only object in the present notice is to do for ourselves
+what we could not perhaps expect a weekly or monthly critic to do for
+us, viz. to quote the subjects of a few of the valuable papers in the
+present volume, and then leave the reader to form his own conclusions
+of its intrinsic value.
+
+In _Mechanical Science_ there are 100 closely-printed pages, or 90
+articles. Among these are papers on novel applications of the gigantic
+power of _Steam_ in Navigation and Agriculture, and especially in
+Railway Carriages; the grand invention of the Air Engine; improvements
+in Printing; machinery in manufactures; and contributions to
+experimental as well as practical mechanics.
+
+In _Chemical Science_ there are upwards of 60 New Facts. Among these is
+a valuable paper on Arsenic, by Dr. Christison, (from the _Philosophical
+Magazine_;) a method of ascertaining the vegeto-alkali in Bark; the
+influence of the Aurora Borealis on the Magnetic Needle; Lieut.
+Drummond's Plan for illuminating Light Houses by a ball of lime, (from
+the _Philosophical Transactions_); Laws of electrical accumulation, and
+the decomposition of water by atmospheric and ordinary electricity;
+the new Indigo; the spontaneous inflammation of charcoal; the nitrous
+atmosphere of Tirhoot, one of the principal districts in India for the
+manufacture of salt-petre; Discovery of a mass of meteoric iron in
+Bohemia; the chemical composition of cheese; Berzelius on the power of
+metallic rods to decompose water after their connexion with the galvanic
+pile is broken; an alkaline principle in Box-wood; Professor Davy on a
+new method of detecting metallic poisons; Mr. Bennet's new alloy for the
+pivot-holes of watches; experiments with Aldini's Fireproof Dresses;
+Dr. Ure on the composition of Gunpowder, and on Indigo; Dr. Bostock
+on the spontaneous purification of Thames water; Abstracts of Berzelius'
+statement of the progress of Chemical Science for 1829; Mr. Broughton
+on the effects of oxygen gas on various animals, &c.
+
+In _Zoology_ are papers--on the Fern Owl; Mr. Rennie's interesting Notes
+on the Cleanliness of Animals; Mechanism of the Voice in Singing; the
+Vision of Birds of Prey; New species of British Snake; Animalculae in
+Snow; Habits of the Chameleon; Peculiarity of the Negro Stomach; Growth
+of Spanish Flies; British Pearl Fishery on the Conway; the cause of
+Goitre; seat of the sense of touch and taste; stones found in the
+stomach of Pikes; Learned Poodles at Paris; Faculties of Domestic
+Animals; Increase of Mankind; Larva of the Gad-fly, which deposits its
+eggs in the bodies of the human species; Luminousness of the Sea, a
+valuable contribution; Motions in water caused by the respiration of
+Fishes; Cannibalism in New Guinea; Heron swallowing a Rat; Mr. Vigors
+on American Quails; Mr. Yarrell's experiments to preserve White Bait;
+On the fascination of Serpents; Notes on the Zoological Society, &c.
+
+In _Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology_, are--a valuable paper on the
+Flora of Sicily; Supposed sub-marine banks from Newfoundland to the
+English Channel: Mr. Bakewell, Jun. on the Falls of Niagara: Mr. Bicheno
+on the Shamrock of Ireland; Effect of Light on Plants; Immense Tree in
+Mexico; Mr. Murray on Raining Trees; Forms and Relations of Volcanoes;
+Cuticular Pores of Plants; Volcano of Pietra Mala; Milk Tree of
+Demarara; Productiveness of Plants and Animals; Height of the Perpetual
+Snows on the Cordillera of Peru; Gerard's Botanical Journey in the
+Himala Mountains; Changes of temperature in Plants; Humboldt's account
+of the Gold and Platina district of Russia; Sir H. Davy on the
+durability of Stone; Dr. Hibbert's account of a Natural Rocking-stone;
+Notices of Fossil Organic Remains discovered within the year;
+Instructions for collecting Geological specimens, &c.
+
+The _Astronomical and Meteorological_ division contains some important
+observations on Atmospherical Electricity, by Dr. Brewster; a note of
+the recent Visitation of Greenwich Observatory; Snow of the winters
+1829-30; Account of a Water-spout on the Lake Neufchatel; Mr. Herapath
+and Sir James South on the Comet; On the Rending of Timber by Lightning;
+Curious account of Hay converted into Glass by Lightning; The Occupation
+of Aldebaran by the Moon; Aurora Borealis observed during the year;
+and a Journal of the Weather of the year, by Mr. Tatem, the ingenious
+meteorologist, which paper we regret is not acknowledged from the
+_Magazine of Natural History_; appended to this is a tabular
+Meteorological Summary of 1830, communicated to the _Arcana of Science_
+by Dr. Armstrong.
+
+In _Rural Economy_ there are Abstracts from papers of considerable
+value and extent--on Pasturages, Chlorides applied to diseased Animals,
+Quality of Waste Land from the plants growing in it, Malt Duties, Beet
+Root Sugar, Aliment from Straw, Planting and Pruning, Indian Corn,
+Mangold Wurzol, &c. In _Gardening_ are upwards of 40 similar Abstracts.
+In _Domestic Economy_ are some practical papers on Milk, Bread, Sugar,
+Storing Fruit, Beer from Sugar, &c. In _Useful Arts_ are about
+half-a-dozen, pages. To these heads are added a List of Patents, Notices
+of Expeditions of Discovery, and a copious Index. The Illustrations,
+about twenty in number, represent such inventions as are most attractive
+by their ingenuity; and by way of Synopsis we may state that the whole
+contents of the volume are nearly 400 abstracts, including probably
+three times as many _new facts_.
+
+The utility of such a yearly volume speaks for itself, and however
+ungracefully a recommendation might come from our pen we could not
+refrain from thus introducing it to the readers of the _Mirror_
+especially as the _Arcana of Science_ contain scarcely half-a-dozen
+pages of facts which have been detailed in our weekly columns.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CALENDAR OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+
+This volume professes to be "A Familiar Analysis of the Calendar of
+the Church of England," by explaining and illustrating its Fasts and
+Festivals, &c., in the form of Question and Answer. The reader will
+not look for novelty in such a work. The editors of Time's Telescope,
+Clavis Calendaria, the Every-day Book, &c., have been too long and too
+laboriously employed in illustrating every point of the year's history,
+to lead us to expect any new attraction. Indeed, the preface of the
+present work does not profess to furnish any such inducement, the editor
+resting his claim on the cheapness of his book in comparison with
+the Every-day Book. This is rather an ungracious recommendation: the
+"Analysis" consists of less than three hundred pages, and is sold
+for five or six shillings; but these three hundred pages only equal
+seventy-five pages of the Every-day Book, or less than five sheets,
+which the public know may be purchased for fifteen-pence. One of the
+pretensions of the "Analysis" is its condensed form, but we suspect
+Mr. Valpy's _Epitomizing_ press would reduce the editor's three hundred
+pages to seventy-five. It is a thankless office to be obliged to speak
+thus of a book on which some pains have been bestowed. Now, had it
+been printed within the compass of an eighteen-penny or two shilling
+catechism, the desired object would have been obtained; but, as it
+appears, in the type of a large church prayer-book, what may have been
+gained in arrangement, must be paid for in paper and print, so that no
+good purpose is ultimately effected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FAMILIAR LAW.
+
+Parts 3 and 4 of the _Familiar Law Adviser_ relate to Bills of Exchange
+and Promissory Notes--and Benefit Societies and Savings' Banks--and will
+be found extremely useful to very different classes. They have in them
+all the reforming spirit of the times, and must be of essential service
+everywhere, since _cheap law_ is as desirable us any other species of
+economy. Brevity, too, as recommended in these little books, should
+be the soul of law as it is of wit, for we all know that as the law
+lengthens so the cost strengthens. Another advantage will be, that the
+sooner a man is set right, the more time will he have for increasing
+his good actions in this life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEATH.
+
+Oh God! what a difference throughout the whole of this various and
+teeming earth a single DEATH can effect! Sky, sun, air, the eloquent
+waters, the inspiring mountain-tops, the murmuring and glossy wood,
+the very
+
+  Glory in the grass, and splendour in the flower,
+
+do these hold over us an eternal spell? Are they as a part and property
+of an unvarying course of nature? Have they aught which is unfailing,
+steady--_same_ in its effect? Alas! their attraction is the creature
+of an accident. One gap, invisible to all but ourself in the crowd and
+turmoil of the world, and every thing is changed. In a single hour,
+the whole process of thought, the whole ebb and flow of emotion, may be
+revulsed for the rest of an existence. Nothing can ever seem to us as it
+did: it is a blow upon the fine mechanism by which we think, and move,
+and have our being--the pendulum vibrates aright no more--the dial hath
+no account with time--the process goes on, but it knows no symmetry or
+order;--it was a single stroke that marred it, but the harmony is gone
+for ever!
+
+And yet I often think that that shock which jarred on the mental,
+renders yet softer the moral nature. A death that is connected with love
+unites us by a thousand remembrances to all who have mourned: it builds
+a bridge between the young and the old; it gives them in common the most
+touching of human sympathies; it steals from nature its glory and its
+exhilaration--not its tenderness. And what, perhaps, is better than all,
+to mourn deeply for the death of another, loosens from ourself the petty
+desire for, and the animal adherence to, life. We have gained the end of
+the philosopher, and view, without shrinking, the coffin and the
+pall.--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCOTT AND COOPER.
+
+An example of Mr. Cooper's appreciation of his illustrious rival,
+Sir Walter Scott, occurred while he was sitting for the portrait that
+accompanied the _New Monthly Magazine_ for last month.--The artist,
+Madame Mirbel, requested of a distinguished statesman.--"No," said
+Cooper, "if I must look at any, it shall be at my master," directing
+his glance a little higher, to a portrait of Sir Walter Scott.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FRANCE.
+
+France, "with all thy faults I love thee still!" No man should travel
+from his cradle to his grave without paying thee a visit by the
+way: with a disposition prone to enjoyment, it lightens the journey
+amazingly. The French are a kind people, and it must be his fault who
+cannot live happily with them. Pity it is, possessing, as they do,
+whatever can contribute to the felicity of a people in a state of peace,
+that war should be indispensable in order to render their idea of
+happiness complete. _La gloire_ and _la guerre_ form the eternal burden
+of their song--as if the chief business of life were to destroy life.
+They would fight to-morrow with any nation on earth, for no better an
+object than the chance of achieving a victory. Laugh at me, if you
+please, for uttering what you may consider a foolish opinion, but I look
+upon it as a serious misfortune to them that the two words _Gloire_ and
+_Victoire_ rhyme together: they so constantly occur in that portion
+of their poetry which is the most popular, and the best calculated to
+excite them in a high degree--their _vaudeville_ songs--that the two
+ideas they express have become identical in their minds; and he will
+deserve well of his country who shall discover the means of making
+_glory_ rhyme to _peace_.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"HELP YOURSELF."
+
+The custom of HELPING ONESELF has its sanction in the remotest
+antiquity, and has been continued down to the present day in the highest
+places, and by those whom it especially behoves to set example to the
+world. It was clearly never designed that man should regulate his
+conduct for the good of others, for the first lesson taught to the first
+of men, was to take care of himself; had it been intended that men
+should study the good of each other, a number would surely have been
+simultaneously created for the exercise of the principle, instead of
+one, who, being alone, was essentially selfish. Adam was all the world
+to himself. With the addition of Eve, human society commenced; and the
+fault of our first mother furnishes a grand and terrible example of the
+mischief of thinking of the benefit of another. Satan suggested to her
+that Adam should partake of the fruit--an idea, having in it the taint
+of benevolence, so generally mistaken--whence sin and death came into
+the world. Had Eve been strictly selfish, she would wisely have kept the
+apples to herself, and the evil would have been avoided. Had Adam helped
+himself, he would have had no stomach for the helping of another--and
+so, on his part, the evil temptation had been obviated.
+
+The HELP YOURSELF principle has at no time been extinct in society,
+while it is seen to be a universal law of Nature. The wolf _helps
+himself_ to the lamb, and the lamb to the grass. No animal assists
+another, excepting when in the relation of parent to young, when
+Nature could not dispense with the caprice of benevolence, which in
+this instance, be it observed, distresses the parties susceptible of
+the sentiment; for suckling creatures are always in poor condition.
+Appropriation is the great business of the universe. The institution
+of property is, on the other hand, artificial.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BALLET OF KENILWORTH, AT THE KING'S THEATRE.
+
+There is a very curious and ingenious, though not original, exhibition
+in this ballet. Among the festivities at Kenilworth Castle, in honour
+of the royal guests, a pantomimic "masque" of the gods and goddesses of
+Olympus is introduced. The divinities, instead of appearing in genuine
+Grecian attire, present themselves in the mongrel costume visual on such
+occasions in the time of Queen Elizabeth. This is droll enough, but more
+whimsical still is the style of their dancing. This, too, is meant as an
+imitation of the limited choregraphic _savoir faire_ of the age. It is
+as if Mons. Deshayes had triumphantly intended to portray the first
+dawn of an art which he considers to have now reached the summit of
+perfection. But who knows but the Monsieur _Un tel_ of 1931 may, with
+equal boldness, parody the pirouettes of Monsieur Deshayes? Even the
+music to this mythological interlude is borrowed from ancient scores;
+a happy thought, which deserves commendation.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NEW MAGAZINE.
+
+Mr. Campbell, the Poet, has seceded from the _New Monthly Magazine_,
+and commenced a magazine of his own--_The Metropolitan_. Without
+prejudice to the first-mentioned work, he has our best wishes for his
+new undertaking. The New Monthly Magazine has, however, supplied the
+_Mirror_ with brighter columns than any of its contemporaries, and
+we are mindful of the obligation, especially for that gay and lively
+description of writing which is really the _patter_ of literature.
+It will soon be seen whether Mr. Campbell and his forces succeed.
+The Number before us is, for a first, excellent. The Editor's Paper on
+Ancient Geography, with which it opens, is worth the price of the whole
+magazine: nay, it is worth more than many a modern quarto. Other papers
+are attractive; and there is much of the spirit of the times throughout
+the Number.--Poland, the Political Times, and the Lord Chancellor's
+Levee--are vividly written. The last is a good specimen of the "keep
+moving" style of a Magazine. We intend to quote largely from the
+
+
+_Memoirs of the Macaw of a Lady of Quality_,
+
+BY LADY MORGAN:
+
+I am a native of one of the most splendid regions of the earth, where
+nature dispenses all her bounties with a liberal hand; and where man
+and bird are released from half the penalties to which, in other climes,
+their flesh is heir. I was born in one of those superb forests of fruit
+and flowers so peculiar to the Brazils, which stood at no great distance
+from an Indian village, and was not far removed from an European
+settlement. This forest was impervious to human footsteps. A nation of
+apes occupied the interior; and the dynasty of the Psittacus Severus,
+or Brazilian queen macaw, inhabited the upper regions.--Several
+subject-states of green and yellow parrots constituted our colonial
+neighbours. My family held the highest rank in the privileged classes
+of our oligarchy; for our pride would not admit of a king, and our
+selfishness (so I must call it) would allow of no rights. We talked
+nevertheless in our legislative assemblies of our happy constitution,
+which by tacit agreement we understood to mean "happy for ourselves;"
+but the green and yellow parrots too plainly showed a strong disposition
+to put another interpretation on the phraseology. My paternal nest was
+situated in the hollow of one of the most ancient and lofty trees in the
+forest. It had once been rich in fruit and flowers, gums and odours,
+and all in the same season; and though it was now scathed at the top,
+hollow in the trunk, and was threatened with total ruin from the first
+hurricane, we still preferred it, because it _was_ the oldest. I owed
+all my early impressions, and much of my acquired superiority, to my
+great grandfather, who lived to an extreme old age, and attained a
+celebrity, of which we were ourselves at that time unaware. He was
+the identical bird which was brought from Marignan to Prince Maurice,
+governor of the Brazils, and whose pertinent answers to many silly
+questions are recorded in the pages of the greatest of English
+philosophers. My great grandfather was soon disgusted with the folly
+and cruelty of what is called civilized life; and having seen an Indian
+roasted alive for a false religion's sake, he thought that some day they
+might take it into their heads to do as much by a macaw, for the same
+reason. So he availed himself of an early opportunity of retiring
+without leave from the service, and returned to his native forest, where
+his genius and learning at once raised him to the highest honours of
+the Psittacan aristocracy. Influenced by his example, I early felt the
+desire of visiting foreign countries. My mother too (who, though fond
+and indulgent, like all the mothers of our race, was as vain and foolish
+as any that I have since met with in human society) worked powerfully
+on my ambition, by her constant endeavours to "push me up the tree,"
+as she called it, in her way. I was already a first-rate orator, and a
+member of the great congress of macaws; while in our social re-unions
+I left all the young birds of fashion far behind me: and as I not only
+articulated some human sounds picked up from the Indians, but could
+speak a few words of Portuguese and Dutch, learned by rote from my great
+grandfather, I was considered a genius of high order. With the conceit,
+therefore, of all my noble family, I was prompted to go forth and visit
+other and better worlds, and to seek a sphere better adapted to the
+display of my presumed abilities, than that afforded by our domestic
+senate and home-spun society. On one of those celestial nights, known
+only in the tropical regions, I set forth on my travels, directing my
+course to the Portuguese settlement, which the youthful vigour of my
+wing enabled me to reach by the break of morning. Having refreshed
+myself with a breakfast of fruit, after the exhaustion of my nocturnal
+flight, I ascended a spacious palm tree, which afforded an admirable
+view of the adjacent country, and a desirable shelter from the ardours
+of the rising sun. My first impulse was to take a bird's-eye view of the
+novel scene which lay before me, and I gazed around for some minutes
+with intense delight; but fatigue gradually obtained the mastery over
+curiosity, and, putting my head unconsciously beneath my wing, I fell
+into a profound sleep. How long this continued, I know not; but I was
+suddenly awakened by a strange muttering of unknown voices. I looked,
+and beheld two creatures whose appearance greatly surprised me. They had
+nothing of the noble form and aspect of our Indian neighbours. One of
+them considerably resembled the preacher-monkey in countenance and
+deportment; his head was denuded of hair, and his person was covered by
+a black substance, which left no limb visible except his ancles and
+feet, which were very much like those of an ape. The other had all the
+air of a gigantic parrot: he had a hooked bill, a sharp look, a yellow
+head; and all the rest of his strange figure was party-coloured, blue,
+green, red, and black. I classed him at once as a specimen of the
+Psittacus Ochropterus. The ape and the parrot seemed to have taken
+shelter beneath the palm tree, like myself, for the purposes of shade
+and repose. They had beside them a basket filled with dead game, fruit,
+and honey; and the parrot had a long instrument near him on the ground,
+which I afterwards learned was a fowling-piece. They talked a strange
+jargon of different intonation, like that of the respective chatter of
+the grey and the green parrots. Both seemed to complain, and, by the
+expression of their ugly and roguish faces, to interrogate each other.
+As soon as they went away, I endeavoured to mutter to myself the sounds
+they had uttered, but could retain only two phrases. The one had been
+spoken by the ape, and ran thus--"Shure it was for my sweet sowl's
+sake, jewel;" the other was--"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of the
+siller." I was extremely amused by my acquisition; and, being convinced
+that I was now qualified to present myself at the settlement, was about
+to descend from my altitude, when the two strangers returned: they had
+come back for the gun, which they had left behind them. As they picked
+it up, it went off, and I was startled into one of my loudest screams.
+The strangers looked at me with great delight, he whom I likened to the
+parrot exclaiming--"Weel, mon, what brought you here?" I answered in his
+own words, for want of better--"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of
+the siller." He dropped his piece, and fled in consternation, calling
+lustily--"Its auld clooty himsen, mon, its auld Horny, I tell ye; come
+awa, come awa." His friend, who seemed more acquainted with our species,
+encouraged him to return; and offering me some fruit from his basket,
+said--"Why, Poll, you cratur, what brought you so far from home?" I
+endeavoured to imitate his peculiar tone, and replied--"Why thin it was
+for my sweet sowl's sake, jewel."--"Why then," said my interlocutor,
+coolly (for I never forgot his words) "that bird bates cockfighting."
+They now both endeavoured to catch me. It was all I wanted, and I
+perched on the preaching-monkey's wrist, while he took up the basket
+in his left hand, and in this easy and commodious style of travelling,
+we proceeded. On approaching the settlement, a fierce dispute arose
+between the friends; of which, by each tearing me from the other, I was
+evidently the object; and I am quite sure that I should have been torn
+to pieces between them, but for the timely approach of a person who
+issued from a lofty and handsome edifice on the road side, attended by
+a train of preacher-monkeys, of which he was the chief. He was quite a
+superior looking being to either of my first acquaintance, who cowered
+and shrunk beneath his eagle look. They seemed humbly to lay their cases
+before him; when, after looking contemptuously on both, he took me to
+himself, caressed me, and giving me to an attendant, said--"This bird
+belongs to neither, it is the property of mother church:" and the
+property of mother church I remained for some years. Of my two friends
+of the palm-tree, one, the preacher-monkey, turned out to be a poor
+Irish lay brother, of the convent of which my new master (an Irishman
+too) was the superior. My yellow parrot was a Scotch adventurer, who
+came out to give lectures on _poleetical economy_ to the Brazilians:
+and who, finding that they had no taste for moral science, had become
+a servant of all-work to the brotherhood. My dwelling was a missionary
+house of the Propaganda, established for the purpose of converting
+(i.e. burning) the poor Indians. The Superior, Father Flynn, had
+recently arrived from Lisbon with unlimited powers. He was clever,
+eloquent, witty, and humorous; but panting for a bishopric in his native
+country, he was principally employed in theological writings, which
+might bring him into notice and hasten his recall to Europe.
+
+Next to the servant's hall of a great English family, the first place
+in the world for completing the education of a macaw of genius, is a
+convent. Its idleness and ennui render a monkey, or a parrot, a valuable
+resource; and between what I picked up, and what I was taught by the
+monks of the Propaganda, my acquirements soon became stupendous. Always
+following my kind master from the refectory to the church, assisting at
+mess or at mass, being near him in the seclusion of the oratory, and in
+the festivities, he frequently held with his more confidential friends;
+I had loaded my astonishing memory with scraps of theology and of fun.
+I could sing a French drinking song, taught me by the sub-prior Frere
+Jacques, and intonate a "Gloria in Excelsis" with a true nasal twang.
+I had actually learned the Creed in English;[3] and could call all the
+brothers by their name. I had even learned the Savoyard's dance from
+my friend Frère Jacques, and sung "Gai Coco" at the same time, like
+Scaliger's parrot, from whose history Frère Jacques took the idea
+of teaching me. I did this, it must be acknowledged, with great
+awkwardness, turning in my toes, and often tumbling backwards in a
+clumsy and ludicrous way. But this amused my religious friends more than
+all the rest; for, like the great, they loved a ridicule as well as a
+talent; and, provided they were amused, were not nice as to the means.
+My fame soon began to spread on all sides, and the anecdotes told of the
+macaw of the Propaganda soon reached the circles of the Governor of the
+Brazils, who wrote to request the pleasure of my company for a few weeks
+at the palace. This was a compliment which he had never paid to the
+learned superior of the order, and my master was evidently hurt. He
+declined therefore the invitation for me, on the plea that he would
+soon visit Rio Janeiro himself, when I should accompany him into the
+vice-regal presence.
+
+This visit shortly took place, not for the object supposed by the
+community, (who parted with me, even for a short time, with great
+regret,) but for another purpose. The British ambassador, Lord ----, who
+had recently arrived at Rio, was a countryman of Father Flynn's. He
+enjoyed eminent literary celebrity, was a delightful poet, and well
+acquainted with the Portuguese language. The superior had no doubt that
+his own literary and theological merits were equally known to his
+excellency, whom he visited with a view to negotiating a passage in the
+British man of war; for he had been called on a secret mission to
+Ireland, and wished to depart without notifying his intention to the
+subaltern of the Propaganda. I was not included in the muster-roll of
+this expedition; but anxious to lose no opportunity of seeing the world,
+and desirous of beholding the Governor, who had shown his taste and
+politeness by inviting me to his court, I contrived to nestle myself in
+the carriage without the superior's knowledge, and followed his steps to
+the very ante-room of the embassy. It was too late to send me back; for
+I was instantly seized by a company of pretty young animals, the very
+reverse in appearance of the preacher-monkeys of the Propaganda; they
+all seemed to find in me a kindred soul: my master was ushered into the
+cabinet, and I was left with my new acquaintance, who were called
+"_attachés_," but whom I at once classed with the secretary-birds,[4]
+while here and there, I thought, was mingled among them a specimen of
+the booby, or Pelicanus Sula. Two of these mischievous creatures seemed
+to delight in tormenting me from mere idleness and ennui, which I bore
+for some time with great patience, as I saw the boobies pay them much
+respect. One was called Lord Charles, and the other the Hon. Mr. Henry.
+I learned these names with facility, and contrived to repeat them, as
+they had been taught me, by the frequent iteration of one of the
+boobies.
+
+    [3] "Rhodoginus mentions a parrot which could recite correctly the
+        whole of the Apostle's Creed."--Animal Biography, by the Rev.
+        W. Bingley.
+
+
+    [4] "The Dutch," says Le Vaillant, "give this bird the name of
+        Secretary, on account of the bunch of quills behind its
+        head."--Bingley, Animal Biography.
+
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+  SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRISONS.
+
+We had formerly in the Tower of London, a straight room or dungeon,
+called, from the misery the unhappy occupiers of this very confined
+place endured, the Little-Ease. But this will appear a luxurious
+habitation, when compared with the inventions of Louis XI. of France,
+with his iron cages, in which persons of rank lay for whole years;
+or his oubliettes, dungeons made in the form of reversed cones,
+with concealed trap-doors, down which dropped the unhappy victims
+of the tyrant, brought there by Tristam L'Hermite, his companion and
+executioner in ordinary; sometimes their sides were plain, sometimes
+set with knives, or sharp-edged wheels; but in either cases they were
+complete _oubliettes;_ the devoted were certain to fall into the land
+where all things are forgotten.--(_Pennant's London._)
+
+When the Bastille of France was demolished, three iron cages were
+discovered, they were made of strong bars of iron, about eight feet high
+and six feet wide, and such have been used in other prisons in that
+country. The Bishop of Verdun, according to Mezeray, was the inventer,
+and was himself the first man confined in them, and remained a prisoner
+thus for eleven years, so that he could speak practically as to his own
+invention.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FEMALE LEANDER.
+
+The Duchess of Chevereux, who was for the first time at the court of
+England, in 1638, swam across the Thames, in a frolic, near Windsor. On
+this occasion some verses were composed by a Sir J. M. containing these
+lines:--
+
+  But her chaste breast, cold as the cloyster'd nun,
+  Whose frost to chrystal might congeal the sun,
+  So glar'd the stream, that pilots, there afloat,
+  Thought they might safely land without a boat;
+  July had seen the Thames in ice involv'd,
+  Had it not been by her own beams dissolv'd.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BIRTHDAY PRAYER.
+
+The observance of a birthday by _prayer_ is not altogether incurious
+in these days of license; and the following specimen, quoted from the
+_Diary_ of that truly good man, JOHN EVELYN, may be entertained as the
+genuine effusion of piety, unmixed with any alloy of fanaticism, or
+religious enthusiasm:--
+
+_Oct_. 31, 1689.--My birthday, being now 69 years old. Blessed Father
+who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to see so
+great and wonderful revolutions, and preserved me amidst them to this
+moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and
+thankful acknowledgements, and grant me grace to be working out my
+salvation and redeeming the time, that thou mayest be glorified by me
+here, and my soul immortal saved, whenever thou shalt call for it to
+perpetuate thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where
+there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest and peace, and joy
+and consummate felicity for ever. Grant this, O Heavenly Father, for
+the sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Saviour. Amen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CURIOUS LETTER,
+
+_From a country squire, in the 18th century, to a gentleman in London,
+who had written to him concerning the character of a Servant._
+
+"Sir--Yours I receiv'd the 24th of this present instant, June, and, at
+your request, will give you an impartial account of my man, John Gray's
+character. He is a shoemaker, or cordwainer, which you please to call
+it, by trade, and now in our town; he is following the carding business
+for every one that wants him; he served his time at a town called
+Binstock, in Northamptonshire; and from thence the Great Addington
+journeyman, to this occupation, as before mentioned, and used to come to
+my house, and found, by riding my horses to water, that he rode a horse
+pretty well; which was not at all mistaken, for he rides a horse well:
+and he looks after a kennel of hounds very well, and finds a hare very
+well: he hath no judgement in hunting a pack of hounds now, though he
+rides well, he don't with discretion, for he don't know how to make the
+most of a horse; but a very harey-starey fellow: will ride over a church
+if in his way, though he may prevent a leap by having a gap within ten
+yards of him; and if you are not in the field with himself, when you are
+hunting to tutor him about riding, he will kill all the horses you have
+in the stable in one month, for he hath killed downright, and lamed so
+that they will never be fit for use, no more than five horses since he
+has hunted my hounds, which is two years and upwards; he can talk no dog
+language to a hound; he hath no voice; speaks to a hound such as if his
+head were in a churn; nor neither does he know how to draw a hound when
+they are at a loss, no more than a child of seven years old. As to his
+honesty, I always found him honest till about a week ago. I sent my
+servant that I have now to fetch some sheep's feet from Mr. Stranjan,
+of Higham Ferrers, where Gray used to go for feet, and I always send
+my money by the man that brings the feet; and Stranjan told my man that
+I have now that I owed him money for feet; and when the man came home
+he told me, and I went to Stranjan, and then I found the truth of the
+matter. Gray had kept the money in his hands, and had never paid
+Stranjan: he had along with me once for a letter, in order for his
+character, to give him one, but I told him I could not give him a good
+one, so I would not write at all. Gray is a very great drunkard, can't
+keep a penny in his pocket: a sad notorious lyar. If you send him upon
+a mile or two from Uphingham, he will get drunk, stay all day, and never
+come home while the middle of the night, or such time as he knows his
+master is in bed. He can nor will not keep any secret; neither has he
+so much wit as other people, for the fellow is half a fool, for if you
+would have business done with expedition, if he once gets out of the
+town, or sight of you, shall see him no more, while the next morning he
+serves me so and so: you must expect the same if you hire him. I use you
+just as I would be used myself; it I desired a character of you of a
+servant, that I had design'd to hire of yours, as to let you know the
+truth of every thing about him.
+
+"I am, sir, your most humble servant to command.
+
+"_Great Addington, June_ 28, 1734.
+
+"P.S. He takes good care of his horses, with good looking after as
+to the dressing of them; but if you don't take care, he will fill the
+manger full of corn, so that he will clog the horses, and ruin the whole
+stable of horses."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+_Upon two religious disputants who are interred within a few paces of
+each other._
+
+
+  Suspended here, a contest see,
+  Of two whose creeds cou'd ne'er agree,
+  For whether they would preach or pray,
+  They'd do it in a different way;
+  And they wou'd fain our fate deny'd,
+  In quite a different manner dy'd!
+  Yet think not that their rancour's o'er,
+  No! for 'tis ten to one, and more,
+  Tho' quiet now as either lies,
+  But they've a wrangle when they rise.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONGEVITY.
+
+In St. Michael's churchyard, at Litchfield, an ancient tombstone was
+lately discovered, which had been buried in the earth a great number
+of years. Upon it are deeply cut the following inscriptions:--
+
+      Here lyes the Body
+      of William Clarke,
+    who was Clarke of this
+  Church 51 years, and buried
+   March 25th, 1525, aged 96.
+
+      Here lyes the Body
+      of William Clarke,
+   Clarke of this Church 71
+  years, who died Septem. 26,
+      1562, and aged 86.
+
+
+The father lived in the reigns of six different kings, viz. Henry the
+Sixth, Edwards the Fourth and Fifth, Richard the Third, and Henry the
+Seventh and Eighth. The son in seven reigns, viz. from Edward the Fourth
+to Mary the First.
+
+_Morning Chronicle, October 8, 1822._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES
+
+_Written by a ragged Irishman, a passenger on board a vessel with the
+Archbishop of Tuam._
+
+  If each man had his suum,
+  You would not have Tuam,
+  But I should get meum,
+  And sing a _Te Deum_.
+
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAY.
+
+The following verses were composed by John Barbour, a poet and divine,
+who was born at Aberdeen in 1330. They afford a specimen of the poetry
+in his time:--
+
+
+  "This was in midst of month of May,
+  When birdis sing on ilka spray,
+  Melland[5] their notes, with seemly soun,
+  For softness of the sweet seasoun.
+
+  "And leavis of the branchis spreeds,
+  And blomis bright, beside them, breeds
+  And Fieldis strawed are with flow'rs
+  Well savouring of seir[6] colours;
+  And all things wor this, blyth, and gay."
+
+
+P.T.W.
+
+    [5] Mingling.
+
+    [6] Their.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POPULAR SCIENCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This Day is published, price 5s.
+
+ARCANA of SCIENCE, and ANNUAL REGISTER of the USEFUL ARTS for 1831.
+
+"This is the fourth annual volume of a most useful compilation of the
+various discoveries in science or inventions of art during the preceding
+year. The volume commences, very properly, with an abridgment of what
+may be termed the greatest work of art which has distinguished the
+present century--the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Various other
+improvements in the different departments of the arts which have
+appeared in the several scientific journals of the last year, are here
+presented in a condensed form, so as to render the volume, in reality,
+an excellent book of reference. The object of the editor seems to have
+been that of blending entertainment with valuable information, the work
+being illustrated by many neat engravings relating to the popular
+branches of science. The volume, therefore, contains a very interesting
+compendium of information for young people."--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+Printed for JOHN LIMBIRD, 143, Strand;--of whom may be had the Volumes
+for the three preceding years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers._
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12650 ***
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831, by Various</title>
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12650 ***</div>
+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831, by Various</h1>
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page305" name="page305"></a>[pg 305]</span>
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XVII, NO. 488.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1831.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/488-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/488-1.png"
+alt="St. George's Chapel, Windsor." /></a>
+ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+</div>
+<h2>
+	ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+</h2>
+<p>
+This venerable structure, as we explained in No. 486 of <i>The Mirror</i>, is
+situated in the lower ward or court of Windsor Castle. It stands in the
+centre, and in a manner, divides the court into two parts. On the north
+or inner side are the houses and apartments of the Dean and Canons of
+St. George's Chapel, with those of the minor canons, clerks, and other
+officers; and on the south and west sides of the outer part are the
+houses of the Poor Knights of Windsor.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Engraving represents the south front of the Chapel as it presents
+itself to the passenger through Henry the Eighth's Gateway, the
+principal entrance to the Lower Ward. The entrance to the Chapel, as
+shown in the Engraving, is that generally used, and was formed by
+command of George the Fourth; through which his Majesty's remains were
+borne, according to a wish expressed some time previous to his death.
+</p>
+<p>
+The exterior of the Chapel requires but few descriptive details. The
+interior will be found in our last volume.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is a beautiful structure, in the purest style of the Pointed
+architecture, and was founded by Edward the Third, in 1377, for the
+honour of the Order of the Garter. But however noble the first design,
+it was improved by Edward the Fourth and Henry the Seventh, in whose
+reign the famous Sir Reg. Bray, K.G., assisted in ornamenting the chapel
+and completing the roof. The architecture of the inside has ever been
+esteemed for its great beauty; and, in particular, the stone vaulting is
+reckoned an excellent piece of workmanship. It is an ellipsis, supported
+by lofty pillars, whose ribs and groins sustain the whole roof, every
+part of which has some different device well finished, as the arms of
+several of our kings, great families, &amp;c. On each side of the choir are
+the stalls of the Sovereign and Knights of the Garter,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page306" name="page306"></a>[pg 306]</span>
+with the helmet,
+mantling, crest, and sword of each knight, set up over his stall, on a
+canopy of ancient carving curiously wrought. Over the canopy is affixed
+the banner of each knight blazoned on silk, and on the backs of the
+stalls are the titles of the knights, with their arms neatly engraved
+and emblazoned on copper.
+</p>
+<p>
+There are several small chapels in this edifice, in which are the
+monuments of many illustrious persons; particularly of Edward, Earl
+of Lincoln, a renowned naval warrior; George Manners, Lord Roos, and
+Anne, his consort, niece of Edward the Fourth; Anne, Duchess of Exeter,
+mother of that lady, and sister to the king; Sir Reginald Bray, before
+mentioned; and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married the sister
+of King Henry the Eighth.
+</p>
+<p>
+At the east end of St. George's Chapel is a freestone edifice, built by
+Henry the Seventh, as a burial-place for himself and his successors; but
+afterwards altering his purpose, he began the more noble structure at
+Westminster; and this remained neglected until Cardinal Wolsey obtained
+a grant of it from Henry the Eighth, and, with a profusion of expense,
+began here a sumptuous monument for himself, whence this building
+obtained the name of Wolsey's <i>Tomb House</i>. This monument was so
+magnificently built, that it exceeded that of Henry the Seventh, in
+Westminster Abbey; and at the time of the cardinal's disgrace, the tomb
+was so far executed, that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, received
+4,250 ducats for what he had already done; and 380l. 18s. had been paid
+for gilding only half of this monument. The cardinal dying soon after
+his disgrace, was buried in the cathedral at York, and the monument
+remained unfinished. In 1646, the statues and figures of gilt copper,
+of exquisite workmanship, were sold. James the Second converted this
+building into a Popish chapel, and mass was publicly performed here.
+The ceiling was painted by Verrio, and the walls were finely ornamented
+and painted; but the whole having been neglected since the reign of
+James the Second, it fell into a complete state of decay, from which,
+however, it was some years ago retrieved by George the Third, who had it
+magnificently completed (under the direction of the late James Wyatt,
+Esq.) in accordance with the original style, and a <i>mausoleum</i>
+constructed within, as a burial-place for the royal family.
+</p>
+<p>
+Windsor Castle, as the reader may recollect, was magnificently re-built
+by William of Wykeham, who was Clerk of the Works to Edward the Third,
+in 1356. Little now remains of Wykeham's workmanship, save the round
+tower, and this has just been raised considerably. Wykeham had power
+to press all sorts of artificers, and to provide stone, timber, and all
+necessary materials for conveyance and erection. Indeed, Edward caused
+workmen to be impressed out of London and several counties, to the
+number of five or six hundred, by writs directed to the various
+sheriff's, who were commanded to take security of the masons and
+joiners, that they should not leave Windsor without permission of
+the architect. What a contrast are these strong measures with the
+scrutinized votes of money recently made for the renovation of the
+Castle!
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	ORIGIN OF THE WORD ALBION.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>
+To the elucidation of the word Britannia, contained in your 486th
+number, I beg to add the opinion of the same author on the subject
+of Albion:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+"Albion (the most ancient name of this Isle) containeth Englande and
+Scotlande: of the beginning (origin) of which name haue been sundrie
+opinios (opinions): One late feigned by him, which first prynted the
+Englishe Chronicle,<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> wherein is neither similitude of trouth, reasone,
+nor honestie: I mean the fable of the fiftie doughters of Dioclesian,
+kyng of Syria, where neuer any other historic maketh mencion of a kyng
+of Syria, so named: Also that name is Greke, and no part of the language
+of Syria. Moreouer the coming of theim from Syria in a shippe or boate
+without any marynours (mariners) thorowe (through) the sea called
+<i>Mediterraneum</i>, into the occean, and so finally to finde this He, and
+to inhabit it, * * * * is both impossible, and much reproche to this
+noble Realme, to ascribe hir first name and habitation, to such
+inuention. Another opinion is (which hath a more honeste similitude)
+that it was named <i>Albion, ab albis rupibus</i>, of white rockes, because
+that unto them, that come by sea, the bankes and rockes of this He doe
+appeare whyte. Of this opinion I moste mervayle (marvel), because it is
+written of great learned men, First, <i>Albion</i> is no latin worde, nor
+hath the analogie, that is to saie, proportion or similitude of latine.
+For who hath founde this syllable <i>on</i>, at the ende of a latin woord.
+And if it should have bæn
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page307" name="page307"></a>[pg 307]</span>
+(been) so called for the whyte colour of the
+rockes, men would have called called it (I believe this to be a
+misprint) <i>Alba</i>, or <i>Albus</i>, or Album. In Italy were townes called
+Alba<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> and in Asia a countrey called Albania, and neither of them took
+their beginning of whyte rockes, or walles, as ye may read in books of
+geographic: nor the water of the ryuer called <i>Albis</i>, semeth any whiter
+than other water. But if where auncient remembraunce of the beginning
+of thinges lacketh, it may be leeful for men to use their conjectures,
+than may myne be as well accepted as Plinies (although he incomparably
+excelled me in wisedome e doctrine) specially if it may appéer, that
+my coiecture (conjecture) shal approch more neere to the similitude
+of trouth. Wherfore I will also sett foorth mine opinion onely to
+the intent to exclude fables, lackyng eyther honestie or reasonable
+similitudes. Whan the Greekes began first to prosper, and their cities
+became populous, and wared puissaunt, they which trauailed on the seas,
+and also the yles in the seas called <i>Hellespontus, Æigeum and Creticu</i>
+(m), after that thei knewe perfectly the course of sailynge, and had
+founden thereby profyte, they by little and little attempted to serch
+and finde out the commodities of outwarde countrees: and like as
+Spaniardes and Portugalls haue late doone, they experienced to seeke out
+countries before unknown. And at laste passynge the streictes of
+Marrocke (Morocco) they entered into the great occean sea, where they
+fond (found) dyvers and many Iles. Among which they perceiuing this Ile
+to be not onely the greatest in circuite, but also most plenteouse of
+every necessary to man, the earth moste apte to bring forth," &amp;c. The
+learned prelate goes on to enumerate the natural advantages of our
+country. He continues&mdash;"They wanderynge and reioysinge at their good and
+fortunate arrival, named this yle in Greeke <i>Olbion</i>, which in Englishe
+signifieth happy."
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Foley Place.</i>
+</p>
+<h4>
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	LINES.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Preach to the storm, or reason with despair,</p>
+           <p>  But tell not misery's son that life is fair"</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  H.K. WHITE.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  I mark'd his eye&mdash;it beam'd with gladness,</p>
+           <p>  His ceaseless smile and joyous air,</p>
+           <p>  His infant soul had ne'er felt sadness,</p>
+           <p>  Nor kenn'd he yet but <i>life was fair.</i></p>
+           <p>  His chubby cheek with genuine mirth</p>
+           <p>  Blown out&mdash;while all around him smiled,</p>
+           <p>  And fairy-land to him seemed earth,</p>
+           <p>  I envied him, unwitting child.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  I look'd again&mdash;his eye was flush'd</p>
+           <p>  With passion proud and deep delight,</p>
+           <p>  But often o'er his brow there gush'd</p>
+           <p>  A blackened cloud which made it night,</p>
+           <p>  But still the cloud would wear away,</p>
+           <p>  (His youthful cheek was red and rare,)</p>
+           <p>  And still his heart beat light and gay,</p>
+           <p>  Still did he fancy <i>life was fair.</i></p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Again I looked&mdash;another change&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  The darkened eye, the visage wan,</p>
+           <p>  Told me that sorrow had been there,</p>
+           <p>  Told me that time had made him man.</p>
+           <p>  His brow was overcast, and deep</p>
+           <p>  Had care, the demon, furrow'd there,</p>
+           <p>  I heard him sigh with anguish deep,</p>
+           <p>  "<i>Oh! tell me not that life is fair.</i>"</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+	COLBOURNE.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	BIRTHPLACE OF LOCKE.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>
+The philosopher was born in the room lighted by the upper window on the
+right, in your Engraving No. 487. It is a small, plain apartment, having
+few indications of former respectability.
+</p>
+<p>
+In the garden of Barley Wood, near Wrington, the residence of the
+religious and sentimental Hannah More, stands an urn commemorative
+of Locke, the gift of Mrs. Montague, with the following inscription:
+</p>
+<center>
+To<br />
+JOHN LOCKE,<br />
+Born in this village.<br />
+This memorial is erected<br />
+by<br />
+Mrs. Montague,<br />
+and presented to<br />
+HANNAH MORE.<br />
+</center>
+<h4>
+	J. SILVESTER.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE SELECTOR,<br /> AND<br /> LITERARY NOTICES OF<br /> <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	A FUNERAL AT SEA.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We quote the following "last scene of poor Jack's eventful history" from
+Capt. Basil Hall's <i>Fragments of Voyages and Travel</i>, a work, observes
+the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, "sure sooner or later, to be in everybody's
+hands."
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page308" name="page308"></a>[pg 308]</span>
+"It need not be mentioned, that the surgeon is in constant attendance
+upon the dying man, who has generally been removed from his hammock to a
+cot, which is larger and more commodious, and is placed within a screen
+on one side of the sick bay, as the hospital of the ship is called. It
+is usual for the captain to pass through this place, and to speak to the
+men every morning; and I imagine there is hardly a ship in the service
+in which wine, fresh meat, and any other supplies recommended by the
+surgeon, are not sent from the tables of the captain and officers to
+such of the sick men as require a more generous diet than the ship's
+stores provided. After the carver in the gun-room has helped his
+messmates, he generally turns to the surgeon, and says, 'Doctor, what
+shall I send to the sick?' But, even without this, the steward would
+certainly be taken to task were he to omit inquiring, as a matter of
+course, what was wanted in the sick bay. The restoration of the health
+of the invalids by such supplies is perhaps not more important, however,
+than the moral influence of the attention on the part of the officers.
+I would strongly recommend every captain to be seen (no matter for how
+short a time) by the bed-side of any of his crew whom the surgeon may
+report as dying. Not occasionally, and in the flourishing style with
+which we read of great generals visiting hospitals, but uniformly and in
+the quiet sobriety of real kindness, as well as hearty consideration for
+the feelings of a man falling at his post in the service of his country.
+He who is killed in action has a brilliant Gazette to record his
+exploits, and the whole country may be said to attend his death-bed. But
+the merit is not less&mdash;or may even be much greater&mdash;of the soldier or
+sailor who dies of a fever in a distant land&mdash;his story untold, and his
+sufferings unseen. In warring against climates unsuited to his frame,
+he may have encountered, in the public service, enemies often more
+formidable than those who handle pike and gun. There should be nothing
+left undone, therefore, at such a time, to show not only to the dying
+man, but to his shipmates and his family at home, that his services are
+appreciated. I remembered, on one occasion, hearing the captain of a
+ship say to a poor fellow who was almost gone, that he was glad to see
+him so cheerful at such a moment; and begged to know if he had anything
+to say. 'I hope, sir,' said the expiring seaman with a smile, 'I have
+done my duty to your satisfaction;' 'That you have, my lad,' said his
+commander, 'and to the satisfaction of your country, too.' 'That is all
+I wanted to know, sir,' replied the man. These few commonplace words
+cost the captain not five minutes of his time, but were long recollected
+with gratitude by the people under his orders, and contributed, along
+with many other graceful acts of considerate attention, to fix his
+authority.
+</p>
+<p>
+"If a sailor who knows he is dying, has a captain who pleases him,
+he is very likely to send a message by the surgeon to beg a visit&mdash;not
+often to trouble his commander with any commission, but merely to say
+something at parting. No officer, of course, would ever refuse to grant
+such an interview, but it appears to me it should always be volunteered;
+for many men may wish it, whose habitual respect would disincline them
+to take such a liberty, even at the moment when all distinctions are
+about to cease.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Very shortly after poor Jack dies, he is prepared for his deep-sea
+grave by his messmates, who, with the assistance of the sailmaker, and
+in the presence of the master-at-arms, sew him up in his hammock, and,
+having placed a couple of cannon-shot at his feet, they rest the body
+(which now not a little resembles an Egyptian mummy) on a spare grating.
+Some portion of the bedding and clothes are always made up in the
+package&mdash;apparently to prevent the form being too much seen. It is then
+carried aft, and, being placed across the after-hatchway, the union
+jack is thrown over all. Sometimes it is placed between two of the guns,
+under the half deck; bat generally, I think, he is laid where I have
+mentioned, just abaft the mainmast. I should have mentioned before, that
+as soon as the surgeon's ineffectual professional offices are at an end,
+he walks to the quarter-deck, and reports to the officer of the watch
+that one of his patients has just expired. At whatever hour of the day
+or night this occurs, the captain is immediately made acquainted with
+the circumstance.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Next day, generally about eleven o'clock, the bell on which the
+half-hours are struck, is tolled for the funeral, and all who choose
+to be present, assemble on the gangways, booms, and round the mainmast,
+while the forepart of the quarter-deck is occupied by the officers. In
+some ships&mdash;and it ought perhaps to be so in all&mdash;it is made imperative
+on the officers and crew to attend the ceremony. If such attendance be
+a proper mark of respect to a professional
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page309" name="page309"></a>[pg 309]</span>
+brother&mdash;as it surely is&mdash;it
+ought to be enforced, and not left to caprice. There may, indeed, be
+times of great fatigue, when it would harass men and officers,
+needlessly, to oblige them to come on deck for every funeral, and upon
+such occasions the watch on deck may be sufficient. Or, when some dire
+disease gets into a ship, and is cutting down her crew by its daily and
+nightly, or it maybe hourly ravages, and when, two or three times in a
+watch, the ceremony must be repeated, those only, whose turn it is to be
+on deck, need be assembled. In such fearful times, the funeral is
+generally made to follow close upon the death.
+</p>
+<p>
+"While the people are repairing to the quarter-deck, in obedience to
+the summons of the bell, the grating on which the body is placed, being
+lifted from the main-deck by the messmates of the man who has died, is
+made to rest across the lee-gangway. The stanchions for the man-ropes
+of the side are unshipped, and an opening made at the after-end of the
+hammock netting, sufficiently large to allow a free passage. The body is
+still covered by the flag already mentioned, with the feet projecting
+a little over the gunwale, while the messmates of the deceased arrange
+themselves on each side. A rope, which is kept out of sight in these
+arrangements, is then made fast to the grating, for a purpose which will
+be seen presently. When all is ready, the chaplain, if there be one on
+board, or, if not, the captain, or any of the officers he may direct
+to officiate, appears on the quarter-deck and commences the beautiful
+service, which, though but too familiar to most ears, I have observed,
+never fails to rivet the attention even of the rudest and least
+reflecting. Of course, the bell has ceased to toll, and every one stands
+in silence and uncovered as the prayers are read. Sailors, with all
+their looseness of habits, are well disposed to be sincerely religious;
+and when they have fair play given them, they will always, I believe,
+be found to stand on as good vantage ground, in this respect, as their
+fellow-countrymen on shore. Be this as it may, there can be no more
+attentive, or apparently reverent auditory, than assembles on the deck
+of a ship of war, on the occasion of a shipmate's burial.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The land service for the burial of the dead contains the following
+words: 'Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God, of his great mercy,
+to take unto himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we
+therefore commit his body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to
+ashes, dust to dust; in sure and certain hope,' &amp;c. Every one I am
+sure, who has attended the funeral of a friend&mdash;and whom will this not
+include?&mdash;must recollect the solemnity of that stage of the ceremony,
+where, as the above words are pronounced, there are cast into the grave
+three successive portions of earth, which, falling on the coffin, send
+up a hollow, mournful sound, resembling no other that I know. In the
+burial service at sea, the part quoted above is varied in the following
+very striking and solemn manner:&mdash;'Forasmuch,' &amp;c.&mdash;'we therefore commit
+his body to the deep, to be turned into corruption, looking for the
+resurrection of the body, when the sea shall give up her dead, and the
+life of the world to come,' &amp;c. At the commencement of this part of the
+service, one of the seamen stoops down, and disengages the flag from the
+remains of his late shipmate, while the others, at the words 'we commit
+his body to the deep,' project the grating right into the sea. The body
+being loaded with shot at one end, glances off the grating, plunges at
+once into the ocean, and&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "'In a moment, like a drop of rain,</p>
+           <p>  He sinks into its depths with bubbling groan,</p>
+           <p>  Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown.'</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+"This part of the ceremony is rather less impressive than the
+correspondent part on land; but still there is something solemn, as
+well as startling, in the sudden splash, followed by the sound of the
+grating, as it is towed along under the main-chains.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In a fine day at sea, in smooth water, and when all the ship's company
+and officers are assembled, the ceremony just described, although a
+melancholy one, as it must always be, is often so pleasing, all things
+considered, that it is calculated to leave even cheerful impressions on
+the mind."
+</p>
+<p>
+(Even Captain Hall, however, admits that a sea-funeral may sometimes
+be a scene of unmixed sadness; and he records the following as the most
+impressive of all the hundreds he has witnessed. It occurred in the
+Leander, off the coast of North America.)
+</p>
+<p>
+"There was a poor little middy on board, so delicate and fragile, that
+the sea was clearly no fit profession for him; but he or his friends
+thought otherwise; and as he had a spirit for which his frame was no
+match, he soon gave token of decay. This boy was a great favourite with
+every body&mdash;the sailors smiled whenever he passed, as they
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page310" name="page310"></a>[pg 310]</span>
+would have
+done to a child&mdash;the officers petted him, and coddled him up with
+all sorts of good things&mdash;and his messmates, in a style which did not
+altogether please him, but which he could not well resist, as it was
+meant most kindly, nicknamed him Dolly. Poor fellow!&mdash;he was long
+remembered afterwards. I forget what his particular complaint was, but
+he gradually sunk; and at last went out just as a taper might have done,
+exposed to such gusts of wind as blew in that tempestuous region. He
+died in the morning; but it was not until the evening that he was
+prepared for a seaman's grave.
+</p>
+<p>
+"I remember, in the course of the day, going to the side of the boy's
+hammock, and on laying my hand upon his breast, was astonished to find
+it still warm&mdash;so much so, that I almost imagined I could feel the heart
+beat. This, of course, was a vain fancy; but I was much attached to my
+little companion, being then not much taller myself&mdash;and I was soothed
+and gratified, in a childish way, by discovering that my friend, though
+many hours dead, had not yet acquired the usual revolting chillness.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In after years I have sometimes thought of this incident, when
+reflecting on the pleasing doctrine of the Spaniards&mdash;that as soon as
+children die, they are translated into angels, without any of those cold
+obstructions, which, they pretend, intercept and retard the souls of
+other mortals. The peculiar circumstances connected with the funeral
+which I am about to describe, and the fanciful superstitions of the
+sailors upon the occasion, have combined to fix the whole scene in
+my memory.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Something occurred during the day to prevent the funeral taking place
+at the usual hour, and the ceremony was deferred till long after sunset.
+The evening was extremely dark, and it was blowing a treble-reefed
+topsail breeze. We had just sent down the top-gallant yards, and made
+all snug for a boisterous winter's night. As it became necessary to have
+lights to see what was done, several signal lanterns were placed on the
+break of the quarter-deck, and others along the hammock railings on the
+lee-gangway. The whole ship's company and officers were assembled, some
+on the booms, others in the boats; while the main-rigging was crowded
+half way up to the cat-harpings. Over-head, the mainsail, illuminated
+as high as the yard by the lamps, was bulging forwards under the gale,
+which was rising every minute, and straining so violently at the
+main-sheet, that there was some doubt whether it might not be necessary
+to interrupt the funeral in order to take sail off the ship. The lower
+deck ports lay completely under water, and several times the muzzles of
+the main-deck guns were plunged into the sea; so that the end of the
+grating on which the remains of poor Dolly were laid, once or twice
+nearly touched the tops of the waves, as they foamed and hissed past.
+The rain fell fast on the bare heads of the crew, dropping also on the
+officers, during all the ceremony, from the foot of the mainsail, and
+wetting the leaves of the prayer-book. The wind sighed over us amongst
+the wet shrouds, with a note so mournful, that there could not have been
+a more appropriate dirge.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The ship&mdash;pitching violently&mdash;strained and creaked from end to end: so
+that, what with the noise of the sea, the rattling of the ropes, and the
+whistling of the wind, hardly one word of the service could be
+distinguished. The men, however, understood, by a motion of the
+captain's hand, when the time came&mdash;and the body of our dear little
+brother was committed to the deep.
+</p>
+<p>
+"So violent a squall was sweeping past the ship at this moment, that no
+sound was heard of the usual splash, which made the sailors allege that
+their young favourite never touched the water at all, but was at once
+carried off in the gale to his final resting-place!"
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE TOPOGRAPHER.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i8">                       Either shore</p>
+           <p>  Presents its combination to the view</p>
+           <p>  Of all that interests, delights, enchants;&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  Corn-waving fields, and pastures green, and slope,</p>
+           <p>  And swell alternate, summits crown'd with leaf,</p>
+           <p>  And grave-encircled mansions, verdant capes,</p>
+           <p>  The beach, the inn, the farm, the mill, the path,</p>
+           <p>  And tinkling rivulets, and waters wide,</p>
+           <p>  Spreading in lake-like mirrors to the sun.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  N.T. CARRINGTON.</p>
+</div></div>
+<center>
+<i>Swansea Bay:&mdash;Scenery and Antiquities of Gower.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+The coast scenery of the western portion of Glamorgan is of singular
+beauty. We shall ever recall with delight our recollections of Gower,
+and we believe the future tourist will thank us for the outline of the
+more prominent beauties in the circle of the district, which we now
+give. Let us suppose ourselves at Swansea, and start on an excursion to
+the Mumbles and Caswell Bay. A road has been formed within these few
+years
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page311" name="page311"></a>[pg 311]</span>
+to the village of Oystermouth, about five miles from Swansea.
+It is perfectly level, bounded by a tram-road, and runs close to the
+sea-beach, forming the western side of Swansea Bay. The encroachments
+of the sea have been very extensive here; at high water shipping now
+traverse what was fifty years ago, we are told, a marshy flat, bordered
+by a wood near the present road, the stumps of which yet appear on the
+sandy beach. We have several times on riding to low water mark (about
+three quarters of a mile out) been nearly involved in a quick-sand
+adventure. Landward, the ground is broken and elevated, and thickly
+studded with gentlemen's seats the whole distance; many of which are
+embosomed in wood, and have a beautiful effect. Marino, an extensive
+new mansion in the Elizabethan or old English style of architecture,
+belonging to Mr. J.H. Vivian, and Woodlands Castle, the seat of General
+Warde, which is very picturesque, are particularly deserving of
+attention. After passing the hamlet of Norton, you near Oystermouth
+Castle, an extensive and splendid Gothic ruin, in fine preservation,
+which rears its "ivy-mantled" walls, above an eminence adjoining the
+road. Some suppose it to have been built by Henry de Newburgh, Earl
+of Warwick, in Henry the First's reign; others ascribe it on better
+authority to the Lords Braose, of Gower, in the reign of John; it is now
+the property of the Duke of Beaufort, whose care in its preservation
+cannot be too much commended. The inspection of this interesting ruin
+will repay the traveller:
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  By the grim storm-clouds overcast,</p>
+           <p>  Even like a spectre of the past,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  Of rapine, feudal strife, and blood,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Thou tellest an old, wild, warlike story,</p>
+           <p>  When squadrons on thy ramparts stood,</p>
+<p class="i2">    With spear and shield in martial glory!</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  DELTA.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+The walls are very lofty and not much injured by time; the plan of the
+various chambers, extensive vaults and chambers in the inner courtyard,
+can be perfectly distinguished. The general form of the castle, which
+must once have been very strong, is nearly a square, with a projecting
+gatehouse to the S.E. which is almost perfect. The keep on the eastern
+side commands a lovely view. About half a mile further is the village of
+Oystermouth, clustering with its whitewashed roofs along the foot and
+declivity of a high mass of rock, which juts boldly out into the sea
+for half a mile, forming the south-eastern extremity of Gower, and
+terminating Swansea Bay. The village is celebrated as a bathing place,
+and for its extensive fishery for oysters, with which it supplies
+Bristol, Gloucestershire, North Somerset, &amp;c. This trade gives
+occupation to a considerable number of fishermen who are the chief
+inhabitants of the place; but in the spring and summer, Oystermouth,
+in consequence of the great beauty of the situation, and its extreme
+salubrity, is completely filled with strangers, and high rates are
+obtained for lodgings; the accommodations are mostly indifferent, though
+the place is improving fast. The prospect from the summit of the rocks
+is truly exhilarating and beautiful. On one side, the spectator beholds
+just below him, the Atlantic rushing with all its majesty up the Bristol
+Channel&mdash;rising over the mixon sands into a really mountainous
+swell&mdash;while on the other, Swansea Bay, glittering with the white sails
+and varied combinations of a crowd of shipping, seems spread out like a
+vast and beautiful lake; its eastern shores bounded in the distance by
+the mountainous and woody scenery of Britton-Ferry, Aberavon, Margam,
+gradually diminishing towards Pyle.
+</p>
+<p>
+To the north, beyond the town of Swansea, an immense cloud of smoke is
+seen suspended over the Vales of Tawy and Neath&mdash;an abomination in the
+face of heaven. Such is the Welsh Bay of Naples, which presents this
+remarkable appearance at this spot. The anchorage aside this range of
+cliffs affords, except in an east wind, a very secure road for shipping;
+sometimes in strong weather there are two or three hundred sail lying
+here. At the termination of the peninsula are two rocky islands called
+the Mumbles, and on the farthest is a large light-house; for the support
+of which a rate is levied on all the shipping up and down channel. Below
+the light-house an immense cavern called "Bob's Cove" can be seen at
+low water. We were told that the village under the shadow of the rocks,
+loses sight of the sun for three months in winter, but this is not
+"quite correct." Let us proceed westward. About a mile from Oystermouth
+is Newton; where there are several lodging-houses. There have been many
+instances of great longevity at this village, which is perhaps the
+healthiest spot on the coast. The road to Caswell Bay, which passes
+through Newton, is almost impassable for horses; a new one however is
+talked of. The rocky valley leading to Caswell Bay, which abruptly comes
+in sight between two projecting rocks, is singularly wild and romantic.
+The bay is
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page312" name="page312"></a>[pg 312]</span>
+absolutely a mine of the picturesque&mdash;the Lullworth Cove
+of Wales. A day may be spent delightfully among its rocks and
+caverns&mdash;taking care to visit them at low water. A few miles westward is
+Oxwich Bay, the main attraction of the coast, along the rocky summit of
+which the pedestrian should "wend his way," with the ocean roaring far
+beneath him. We will, however, return to Swansea, and endeavour briefly
+to recall our first excursion into Gower.
+</p>
+<p>
+Let us fancy ourselves therefore, on a bright April morning, riding
+along with a friend&mdash;a stranger like ourselves&mdash;on the high road from
+Swansea into the interior of the peninsula. After cantering over about
+seven miles of hill and valley and common, we entered a woody defile,
+and at last opened, to use a nautical phrase, the "Gower inn," (eight
+miles) which was built, we were told, expressly for the convenience of
+tourists. After ascending a tremendous rocky hill, for road it cannot
+be called, about a mile onwards, Oxwich Bay bursts at last in all its
+beauty upon our sight. In our inquiries during the day, of the few
+passengers we met, as to the distance of the village of Penrice, the
+intended limit of our day's excursion, we were forcibly reminded of the
+"mile and a bittock" of the north. The country is very thinly populated
+here: at last we came in sight of the grounds of Penrice Castle, the
+beautiful mansion of Mr. Talbot, the member for the county; the entrance
+to the park is between two of the towers belonging to the extensive and
+picturesque remains of the ancient Castle of Penrice, which stands close
+to the road. Sixteen miles from Swansea, after "curses not loud but
+deep" upon Welsh roads, we reached the sequestered village of Penrice,
+which stands on a wooded eminence of no easy access, overlooking the
+eastern shore of Oxwich Bay.
+</p>
+<center>
+(<i>To be continued.</i>)
+</center>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	ARCANA OF SCIENCE FOR 1831.
+</h3>
+<p>
+It has been our invariable practice to notice, <i>by extract only</i>, such
+works as we are connected with, or to which we have contributed; and in
+the present case we shall do little more.
+</p>
+<p>
+Now, the reader need not be here told that the plan of an Annual
+Register of Inventions and Improvements originated in <i>The Mirror</i> about
+four years since. Our intention there was to quote an occasional page or
+two of novelties of popular interest in science and art, and leave more
+abstruse matters to the journals in which they originally appeared. This
+plan led us through most of the scientific records of the year, in which
+we began to perceive that the reduction of all subjects of importance
+was not compatible within a few pages, and sooner than allow many papers
+of value to every member of society to be locked under the uninviting
+denomination of <i>philosophy</i>, we undertook the abridgement and
+arrangement of such papers, upon the plan of an "Annual Register,"
+intending our volume specially to represent the progress of discovery
+just as the general "Register" is a contribution to history. The cost
+of the journals for this purpose proved to be upwards of Twelve Guineas,
+but this outlay only made us more pleased with the design. A single
+instance will suffice. The <i>Philosophical Magazine</i>, a work of high
+character, numbers among its purchasers but few general readers: it
+contains many mathematical, theoretical, and controversial papers, all
+of which may advance their object, but are not in a form sufficiently
+tangible for any but the scientific inquirer. Still, in the same
+Magazine, there may be papers of practical and directly useful
+character, and of ready application to the arts and interests of life
+and society. A person wishing to possess these popular papers must
+therefore purchase with them a quantity of matter which to him would
+be unintelligible, and the value of which could only be appreciated
+by direct study, a task of no small import in these days of cheap
+literature. That the plan has succeeded, and that its intention has
+been fully recognised, is borne out by the testimony of a score of our
+contemporaries. Of their praise we have no disposition to make an idle
+boast; and our only object in the present notice is to do for ourselves
+what we could not perhaps expect a weekly or monthly critic to do for
+us, viz. to quote the subjects of a few of the valuable papers in the
+present volume, and then leave the reader to form his own conclusions
+of its intrinsic value.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Mechanical Science</i> there are 100 closely-printed pages, or 90
+articles. Among these are papers on novel applications of the gigantic
+power of <i>Steam</i> in Navigation and Agriculture, and especially in
+Railway Carriages; the grand invention of the Air Engine; improvements
+in Printing; machinery in manufactures; and contributions to
+experimental as well as practical mechanics.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Chemical Science</i> there are upwards
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page313" name="page313"></a>[pg 313]</span>
+of 60 New Facts. Among these is
+a valuable paper on Arsenic, by Dr. Christison, (from the <i>Philosophical
+Magazine</i>;) a method of ascertaining the vegeto-alkali in Bark; the
+influence of the Aurora Borealis on the Magnetic Needle; Lieut.
+Drummond's Plan for illuminating Light Houses by a ball of lime, (from
+the <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>); Laws of electrical accumulation, and
+the decomposition of water by atmospheric and ordinary electricity;
+the new Indigo; the spontaneous inflammation of charcoal; the nitrous
+atmosphere of Tirhoot, one of the principal districts in India for the
+manufacture of salt-petre; Discovery of a mass of meteoric iron in
+Bohemia; the chemical composition of cheese; Berzelius on the power of
+metallic rods to decompose water after their connexion with the galvanic
+pile is broken; an alkaline principle in Box-wood; Professor Davy on a
+new method of detecting metallic poisons; Mr. Bennet's new alloy for the
+pivot-holes of watches; experiments with Aldini's Fireproof Dresses;
+Dr. Ure on the composition of Gunpowder, and on Indigo; Dr. Bostock
+on the spontaneous purification of Thames water; Abstracts of Berzelius'
+statement of the progress of Chemical Science for 1829; Mr. Broughton
+on the effects of oxygen gas on various animals, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Zoology</i> are papers&mdash;on the Fern Owl; Mr. Rennie's interesting Notes
+on the Cleanliness of Animals; Mechanism of the Voice in Singing; the
+Vision of Birds of Prey; New species of British Snake; Animalculae in
+Snow; Habits of the Chameleon; Peculiarity of the Negro Stomach; Growth
+of Spanish Flies; British Pearl Fishery on the Conway; the cause of
+Goitre; seat of the sense of touch and taste; stones found in the
+stomach of Pikes; Learned Poodles at Paris; Faculties of Domestic
+Animals; Increase of Mankind; Larva of the Gad-fly, which deposits its
+eggs in the bodies of the human species; Luminousness of the Sea, a
+valuable contribution; Motions in water caused by the respiration of
+Fishes; Cannibalism in New Guinea; Heron swallowing a Rat; Mr. Vigors
+on American Quails; Mr. Yarrell's experiments to preserve White Bait;
+On the fascination of Serpents; Notes on the Zoological Society, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology</i>, are&mdash;a valuable paper on the
+Flora of Sicily; Supposed sub-marine banks from Newfoundland to the
+English Channel: Mr. Bakewell, Jun. on the Falls of Niagara: Mr. Bicheno
+on the Shamrock of Ireland; Effect of Light on Plants; Immense Tree in
+Mexico; Mr. Murray on Raining Trees; Forms and Relations of Volcanoes;
+Cuticular Pores of Plants; Volcano of Pietra Mala; Milk Tree of
+Demarara; Productiveness of Plants and Animals; Height of the Perpetual
+Snows on the Cordillera of Peru; Gerard's Botanical Journey in the
+Himala Mountains; Changes of temperature in Plants; Humboldt's account
+of the Gold and Platina district of Russia; Sir H. Davy on the
+durability of Stone; Dr. Hibbert's account of a Natural Rocking-stone;
+Notices of Fossil Organic Remains discovered within the year;
+Instructions for collecting Geological specimens, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+The <i>Astronomical and Meteorological</i> division contains some important
+observations on Atmospherical Electricity, by Dr. Brewster; a note of
+the recent Visitation of Greenwich Observatory; Snow of the winters
+1829-30; Account of a Water-spout on the Lake Neufchatel; Mr. Herapath
+and Sir James South on the Comet; On the Rending of Timber by Lightning;
+Curious account of Hay converted into Glass by Lightning; The Occupation
+of Aldebaran by the Moon; Aurora Borealis observed during the year;
+and a Journal of the Weather of the year, by Mr. Tatem, the ingenious
+meteorologist, which paper we regret is not acknowledged from the
+<i>Magazine of Natural History</i>; appended to this is a tabular
+Meteorological Summary of 1830, communicated to the <i>Arcana of Science</i>
+by Dr. Armstrong.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Rural Economy</i> there are Abstracts from papers of considerable
+value and extent&mdash;on Pasturages, Chlorides applied to diseased Animals,
+Quality of Waste Land from the plants growing in it, Malt Duties, Beet
+Root Sugar, Aliment from Straw, Planting and Pruning, Indian Corn,
+Mangold Wurzol, &amp;c. In <i>Gardening</i> are upwards of 40 similar Abstracts.
+In <i>Domestic Economy</i> are some practical papers on Milk, Bread, Sugar,
+Storing Fruit, Beer from Sugar, &amp;c. In <i>Useful Arts</i> are about
+half-a-dozen, pages. To these heads are added a List of Patents, Notices
+of Expeditions of Discovery, and a copious Index. The Illustrations,
+about twenty in number, represent such inventions as are most attractive
+by their ingenuity; and by way of Synopsis we may state that the whole
+contents of the volume are nearly 400 abstracts, including probably
+three times as many <i>new facts</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The utility of such a yearly volume
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page314" name="page314"></a>[pg 314]</span>
+speaks for itself, and however
+ungracefully a recommendation might come from our pen we could not
+refrain from thus introducing it to the readers of the <i>Mirror</i>
+especially as the <i>Arcana of Science</i> contain scarcely half-a-dozen
+pages of facts which have been detailed in our weekly columns.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	NOTES OF A READER.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	CALENDAR OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+</h3>
+<p>
+This volume professes to be "A Familiar Analysis of the Calendar of
+the Church of England," by explaining and illustrating its Fasts and
+Festivals, &amp;c., in the form of Question and Answer. The reader will
+not look for novelty in such a work. The editors of Time's Telescope,
+Clavis Calendaria, the Every-day Book, &amp;c., have been too long and too
+laboriously employed in illustrating every point of the year's history,
+to lead us to expect any new attraction. Indeed, the preface of the
+present work does not profess to furnish any such inducement, the editor
+resting his claim on the cheapness of his book in comparison with
+the Every-day Book. This is rather an ungracious recommendation: the
+"Analysis" consists of less than three hundred pages, and is sold
+for five or six shillings; but these three hundred pages only equal
+seventy-five pages of the Every-day Book, or less than five sheets,
+which the public know may be purchased for fifteen-pence. One of the
+pretensions of the "Analysis" is its condensed form, but we suspect
+Mr. Valpy's <i>Epitomizing</i> press would reduce the editor's three hundred
+pages to seventy-five. It is a thankless office to be obliged to speak
+thus of a book on which some pains have been bestowed. Now, had it
+been printed within the compass of an eighteen-penny or two shilling
+catechism, the desired object would have been obtained; but, as it
+appears, in the type of a large church prayer-book, what may have been
+gained in arrangement, must be paid for in paper and print, so that no
+good purpose is ultimately effected.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	FAMILIAR LAW.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Parts 3 and 4 of the <i>Familiar Law Adviser</i> relate to Bills of Exchange
+and Promissory Notes&mdash;and Benefit Societies and Savings' Banks&mdash;and will
+be found extremely useful to very different classes. They have in them
+all the reforming spirit of the times, and must be of essential service
+everywhere, since <i>cheap law</i> is as desirable us any other species of
+economy. Brevity, too, as recommended in these little books, should
+be the soul of law as it is of wit, for we all know that as the law
+lengthens so the cost strengthens. Another advantage will be, that the
+sooner a man is set right, the more time will he have for increasing
+his good actions in this life.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	DEATH.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Oh God! what a difference throughout the whole of this various and
+teeming earth a single DEATH can effect! Sky, sun, air, the eloquent
+waters, the inspiring mountain-tops, the murmuring and glossy wood, the
+very
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Glory in the grass, and splendour in the flower,</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+do these hold over us an eternal spell? Are they as a part and property
+of an unvarying course of nature? Have they aught which is unfailing,
+steady&mdash;<i>same</i> in its effect? Alas! their attraction is the creature
+of an accident. One gap, invisible to all but ourself in the crowd and
+turmoil of the world, and every thing is changed. In a single hour,
+the whole process of thought, the whole ebb and flow of emotion, may be
+revulsed for the rest of an existence. Nothing can ever seem to us as it
+did: it is a blow upon the fine mechanism by which we think, and move,
+and have our being&mdash;the pendulum vibrates aright no more&mdash;the dial hath
+no account with time&mdash;the process goes on, but it knows no symmetry or
+order;&mdash;it was a single stroke that marred it, but the harmony is gone
+for ever!
+</p>
+<p>
+And yet I often think that that shock which jarred on the mental,
+renders yet softer the moral nature. A death that is connected with love
+unites us by a thousand remembrances to all who have mourned: it builds
+a bridge between the young and the old; it gives them in common the most
+touching of human sympathies; it steals from nature its glory and its
+exhilaration&mdash;not its tenderness. And what, perhaps, is better than all,
+to mourn deeply for the death of another, loosens from ourself the petty
+desire for, and the animal adherence to, life. We have gained the end of
+the philosopher, and view, without shrinking, the coffin and the
+pall.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	SCOTT AND COOPER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+An example of Mr. Cooper's appreciation of his illustrious rival,
+Sir Walter Scott, occurred while he was sitting for the portrait that
+accompanied the <i>New</i>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page315" name="page315"></a>[pg 315]</span>
+<i>Monthly Magazine</i> for last month.&mdash;The artist,
+Madame Mirbel, requested of a distinguished statesman.&mdash;"No," said
+Cooper, "if I must look at any, it shall be at my master," directing
+his glance a little higher, to a portrait of Sir Walter Scott.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	FRANCE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+France, "with all thy faults I love thee still!" No man should travel
+from his cradle to his grave without paying thee a visit by the
+way: with a disposition prone to enjoyment, it lightens the journey
+amazingly. The French are a kind people, and it must be his fault who
+cannot live happily with them. Pity it is, possessing, as they do,
+whatever can contribute to the felicity of a people in a state of peace,
+that war should be indispensable in order to render their idea of
+happiness complete. <i>La gloire</i> and <i>la guerre</i> form the eternal burden
+of their song&mdash;as if the chief business of life were to destroy life.
+They would fight to-morrow with any nation on earth, for no better an
+object than the chance of achieving a victory. Laugh at me, if you
+please, for uttering what you may consider a foolish opinion, but I look
+upon it as a serious misfortune to them that the two words <i>Gloire</i> and
+<i>Victoire</i> rhyme together: they so constantly occur in that portion
+of their poetry which is the most popular, and the best calculated to
+excite them in a high degree&mdash;their <i>vaudeville</i> songs&mdash;that the two
+ideas they express have become identical in their minds; and he will
+deserve well of his country who shall discover the means of making
+<i>glory</i> rhyme to <i>peace</i>.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	"HELP YOURSELF."
+</h3>
+<p>
+The custom of HELPING ONESELF has its sanction in the remotest
+antiquity, and has been continued down to the present day in the highest
+places, and by those whom it especially behoves to set example to the
+world. It was clearly never designed that man should regulate his
+conduct for the good of others, for the first lesson taught to the first
+of men, was to take care of himself; had it been intended that men
+should study the good of each other, a number would surely have been
+simultaneously created for the exercise of the principle, instead of
+one, who, being alone, was essentially selfish. Adam was all the world
+to himself. With the addition of Eve, human society commenced; and the
+fault of our first mother furnishes a grand and terrible example of the
+mischief of thinking of the benefit of another. Satan suggested to her
+that Adam should partake of the fruit&mdash;an idea, having in it the taint
+of benevolence, so generally mistaken&mdash;whence sin and death came into
+the world. Had Eve been strictly selfish, she would wisely have kept the
+apples to herself, and the evil would have been avoided. Had Adam helped
+himself, he would have had no stomach for the helping of another&mdash;and
+so, on his part, the evil temptation had been obviated.
+</p>
+<p>
+The HELP YOURSELF principle has at no time been extinct in society,
+while it is seen to be a universal law of Nature. The wolf <i>helps
+himself</i> to the lamb, and the lamb to the grass. No animal assists
+another, excepting when in the relation of parent to young, when
+Nature could not dispense with the caprice of benevolence, which in
+this instance, be it observed, distresses the parties susceptible of
+the sentiment; for suckling creatures are always in poor condition.
+Appropriation is the great business of the universe. The institution
+of property is, on the other hand, artificial.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	BALLET OF KENILWORTH, AT THE KING'S THEATRE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+There is a very curious and ingenious, though not original, exhibition
+in this ballet. Among the festivities at Kenilworth Castle, in honour
+of the royal guests, a pantomimic "masque" of the gods and goddesses of
+Olympus is introduced. The divinities, instead of appearing in genuine
+Grecian attire, present themselves in the mongrel costume visual on such
+occasions in the time of Queen Elizabeth. This is droll enough, but more
+whimsical still is the style of their dancing. This, too, is meant as an
+imitation of the limited choregraphic <i>savoir faire</i> of the age. It is
+as if Mons. Deshayes had triumphantly intended to portray the first
+dawn of an art which he considers to have now reached the summit of
+perfection. But who knows but the Monsieur <i>Un tel</i> of 1931 may, with
+equal boldness, parody the pirouettes of Monsieur Deshayes? Even the
+music to this mythological interlude is borrowed from ancient scores;
+a happy thought, which deserves commendation.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page316" name="page316"></a>[pg 316]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	THE NEW MAGAZINE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Mr. Campbell, the Poet, has seceded from the <i>New Monthly Magazine</i>,
+and commenced a magazine of his own&mdash;<i>The Metropolitan</i>. Without
+prejudice to the first-mentioned work, he has our best wishes for his
+new undertaking. The New Monthly Magazine has, however, supplied the
+<i>Mirror</i> with brighter columns than any of its contemporaries, and
+we are mindful of the obligation, especially for that gay and lively
+description of writing which is really the <i>patter</i> of literature.
+It will soon be seen whether Mr. Campbell and his forces succeed.
+The Number before us is, for a first, excellent. The Editor's Paper on
+Ancient Geography, with which it opens, is worth the price of the whole
+magazine: nay, it is worth more than many a modern quarto. Other papers
+are attractive; and there is much of the spirit of the times throughout
+the Number.&mdash;Poland, the Political Times, and the Lord Chancellor's
+Levee&mdash;are vividly written. The last is a good specimen of the "keep
+moving" style of a Magazine. We intend to quote largely from the
+</p>
+<center>
+<i>Memoirs of the Macaw of a Lady of Quality</i>,
+</center>
+<center>
+BY LADY MORGAN:
+</center>
+<p>
+I am a native of one of the most splendid regions of the earth, where
+nature dispenses all her bounties with a liberal hand; and where man
+and bird are released from half the penalties to which, in other climes,
+their flesh is heir. I was born in one of those superb forests of fruit
+and flowers so peculiar to the Brazils, which stood at no great distance
+from an Indian village, and was not far removed from an European
+settlement. This forest was impervious to human footsteps. A nation of
+apes occupied the interior; and the dynasty of the Psittacus Severus,
+or Brazilian queen macaw, inhabited the upper regions.&mdash;Several
+subject-states of green and yellow parrots constituted our colonial
+neighbours. My family held the highest rank in the privileged classes
+of our oligarchy; for our pride would not admit of a king, and our
+selfishness (so I must call it) would allow of no rights. We talked
+nevertheless in our legislative assemblies of our happy constitution,
+which by tacit agreement we understood to mean "happy for ourselves;"
+but the green and yellow parrots too plainly showed a strong disposition
+to put another interpretation on the phraseology. My paternal nest was
+situated in the hollow of one of the most ancient and lofty trees in the
+forest. It had once been rich in fruit and flowers, gums and odours,
+and all in the same season; and though it was now scathed at the top,
+hollow in the trunk, and was threatened with total ruin from the first
+hurricane, we still preferred it, because it <i>was</i> the oldest. I owed
+all my early impressions, and much of my acquired superiority, to my
+great grandfather, who lived to an extreme old age, and attained a
+celebrity, of which we were ourselves at that time unaware. He was
+the identical bird which was brought from Marignan to Prince Maurice,
+governor of the Brazils, and whose pertinent answers to many silly
+questions are recorded in the pages of the greatest of English
+philosophers. My great grandfather was soon disgusted with the folly
+and cruelty of what is called civilized life; and having seen an Indian
+roasted alive for a false religion's sake, he thought that some day they
+might take it into their heads to do as much by a macaw, for the same
+reason. So he availed himself of an early opportunity of retiring
+without leave from the service, and returned to his native forest, where
+his genius and learning at once raised him to the highest honours of
+the Psittacan aristocracy. Influenced by his example, I early felt the
+desire of visiting foreign countries. My mother too (who, though fond
+and indulgent, like all the mothers of our race, was as vain and foolish
+as any that I have since met with in human society) worked powerfully
+on my ambition, by her constant endeavours to "push me up the tree,"
+as she called it, in her way. I was already a first-rate orator, and a
+member of the great congress of macaws; while in our social re-unions
+I left all the young birds of fashion far behind me: and as I not only
+articulated some human sounds picked up from the Indians, but could
+speak a few words of Portuguese and Dutch, learned by rote from my great
+grandfather, I was considered a genius of high order. With the conceit,
+therefore, of all my noble family, I was prompted to go forth and visit
+other and better worlds, and to seek a sphere better adapted to the
+display of my presumed abilities, than that afforded by our domestic
+senate and home-spun society. On one of those celestial nights, known
+only in the tropical regions, I set forth on my travels, directing my
+course to the Portuguese settlement, which the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page317" name="page317"></a>[pg 317]</span>
+youthful vigour of my
+wing enabled me to reach by the break of morning. Having refreshed
+myself with a breakfast of fruit, after the exhaustion of my nocturnal
+flight, I ascended a spacious palm tree, which afforded an admirable
+view of the adjacent country, and a desirable shelter from the ardours
+of the rising sun. My first impulse was to take a bird's-eye view of the
+novel scene which lay before me, and I gazed around for some minutes
+with intense delight; but fatigue gradually obtained the mastery over
+curiosity, and, putting my head unconsciously beneath my wing, I fell
+into a profound sleep. How long this continued, I know not; but I was
+suddenly awakened by a strange muttering of unknown voices. I looked,
+and beheld two creatures whose appearance greatly surprised me. They had
+nothing of the noble form and aspect of our Indian neighbours. One of
+them considerably resembled the preacher-monkey in countenance and
+deportment; his head was denuded of hair, and his person was covered by
+a black substance, which left no limb visible except his ancles and
+feet, which were very much like those of an ape. The other had all the
+air of a gigantic parrot: he had a hooked bill, a sharp look, a yellow
+head; and all the rest of his strange figure was party-coloured, blue,
+green, red, and black. I classed him at once as a specimen of the
+Psittacus Ochropterus. The ape and the parrot seemed to have taken
+shelter beneath the palm tree, like myself, for the purposes of shade
+and repose. They had beside them a basket filled with dead game, fruit,
+and honey; and the parrot had a long instrument near him on the ground,
+which I afterwards learned was a fowling-piece. They talked a strange
+jargon of different intonation, like that of the respective chatter of
+the grey and the green parrots. Both seemed to complain, and, by the
+expression of their ugly and roguish faces, to interrogate each other.
+As soon as they went away, I endeavoured to mutter to myself the sounds
+they had uttered, but could retain only two phrases. The one had been
+spoken by the ape, and ran thus&mdash;"Shure it was for my sweet sowl's
+sake, jewel;" the other was&mdash;"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of the
+siller." I was extremely amused by my acquisition; and, being convinced
+that I was now qualified to present myself at the settlement, was about
+to descend from my altitude, when the two strangers returned: they had
+come back for the gun, which they had left behind them. As they picked
+it up, it went off, and I was startled into one of my loudest screams.
+The strangers looked at me with great delight, he whom I likened to the
+parrot exclaiming&mdash;"Weel, mon, what brought you here?" I answered in his
+own words, for want of better&mdash;"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of
+the siller." He dropped his piece, and fled in consternation, calling
+lustily&mdash;"Its auld clooty himsen, mon, its auld Horny, I tell ye; come
+awa, come awa." His friend, who seemed more acquainted with our species,
+encouraged him to return; and offering me some fruit from his basket,
+said&mdash;"Why, Poll, you cratur, what brought you so far from home?" I
+endeavoured to imitate his peculiar tone, and replied&mdash;"Why thin it was
+for my sweet sowl's sake, jewel."&mdash;"Why then," said my interlocutor,
+coolly (for I never forgot his words) "that bird bates cockfighting."
+They now both endeavoured to catch me. It was all I wanted, and I
+perched on the preaching-monkey's wrist, while he took up the basket
+in his left hand, and in this easy and commodious style of travelling,
+we proceeded. On approaching the settlement, a fierce dispute arose
+between the friends; of which, by each tearing me from the other, I was
+evidently the object; and I am quite sure that I should have been torn
+to pieces between them, but for the timely approach of a person who
+issued from a lofty and handsome edifice on the road side, attended by
+a train of preacher-monkeys, of which he was the chief. He was quite a
+superior looking being to either of my first acquaintance, who cowered
+and shrunk beneath his eagle look. They seemed humbly to lay their cases
+before him; when, after looking contemptuously on both, he took me to
+himself, caressed me, and giving me to an attendant, said&mdash;"This bird
+belongs to neither, it is the property of mother church:" and the
+property of mother church I remained for some years. Of my two friends
+of the palm-tree, one, the preacher-monkey, turned out to be a poor
+Irish lay brother, of the convent of which my new master (an Irishman
+too) was the superior. My yellow parrot was a Scotch adventurer, who
+came out to give lectures on <i>poleetical economy</i> to the Brazilians:
+and who, finding that they had no taste for moral science, had become
+a servant of all-work to the brotherhood. My dwelling was a missionary
+house of the Propaganda, established for the purpose of converting
+(i.e. burning) the poor Indians. The Superior, Father Flynn, had
+recently arrived from Lisbon with
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page318" name="page318"></a>[pg 318]</span>
+unlimited powers. He was clever,
+eloquent, witty, and humorous; but panting for a bishopric in his native
+country, he was principally employed in theological writings, which
+might bring him into notice and hasten his recall to Europe.
+</p>
+<p>
+Next to the servant's hall of a great English family, the first place
+in the world for completing the education of a macaw of genius, is a
+convent. Its idleness and ennui render a monkey, or a parrot, a valuable
+resource; and between what I picked up, and what I was taught by the
+monks of the Propaganda, my acquirements soon became stupendous. Always
+following my kind master from the refectory to the church, assisting at
+mess or at mass, being near him in the seclusion of the oratory, and in
+the festivities, he frequently held with his more confidential friends;
+I had loaded my astonishing memory with scraps of theology and of fun.
+I could sing a French drinking song, taught me by the sub-prior Frere
+Jacques, and intonate a "Gloria in Excelsis" with a true nasal twang.
+I had actually learned the Creed in English;<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> and could call all the
+brothers by their name. I had even learned the Savoyard's dance from
+my friend Frère Jacques, and sung "Gai Coco" at the same time, like
+Scaliger's parrot, from whose history Frère Jacques took the idea
+of teaching me. I did this, it must be acknowledged, with great
+awkwardness, turning in my toes, and often tumbling backwards in a
+clumsy and ludicrous way. But this amused my religious friends more than
+all the rest; for, like the great, they loved a ridicule as well as a
+talent; and, provided they were amused, were not nice as to the means.
+My fame soon began to spread on all sides, and the anecdotes told of the
+macaw of the Propaganda soon reached the circles of the Governor of the
+Brazils, who wrote to request the pleasure of my company for a few weeks
+at the palace. This was a compliment which he had never paid to the
+learned superior of the order, and my master was evidently hurt. He
+declined therefore the invitation for me, on the plea that he would
+soon visit Rio Janeiro himself, when I should accompany him into the
+vice-regal presence.
+</p>
+<p>
+This visit shortly took place, not for the object supposed by the
+community, (who parted with me, even for a short time, with great
+regret,) but for another purpose. The British ambassador, Lord &mdash;&mdash;, who
+had recently arrived at Rio, was a countryman of Father Flynn's. He
+enjoyed eminent literary celebrity, was a delightful poet, and well
+acquainted with the Portuguese language. The superior had no doubt that
+his own literary and theological merits were equally known to his
+excellency, whom he visited with a view to negotiating a passage in the
+British man of war; for he had been called on a secret mission to
+Ireland, and wished to depart without notifying his intention to the
+subaltern of the Propaganda. I was not included in the muster-roll of
+this expedition; but anxious to lose no opportunity of seeing the world,
+and desirous of beholding the Governor, who had shown his taste and
+politeness by inviting me to his court, I contrived to nestle myself in
+the carriage without the superior's knowledge, and followed his steps to
+the very ante-room of the embassy. It was too late to send me back; for
+I was instantly seized by a company of pretty young animals, the very
+reverse in appearance of the preacher-monkeys of the Propaganda; they
+all seemed to find in me a kindred soul: my master was ushered into the
+cabinet, and I was left with my new acquaintance, who were called
+"<i>attachés</i>," but whom I at once classed with the secretary-birds,<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+while here and there, I thought, was mingled among them a specimen of
+the booby, or Pelicanus Sula. Two of these mischievous creatures seemed
+to delight in tormenting me from mere idleness and ennui, which I bore
+for some time with great patience, as I saw the boobies pay them much
+respect. One was called Lord Charles, and the other the Hon. Mr. Henry.
+I learned these names with facility, and contrived to repeat them, as
+they had been taught me, by the frequent iteration of one of the
+boobies.
+</p>
+<center>
+(<i>To be continued.</i>)
+</center>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	PRISONS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We had formerly in the Tower of London, a straight room or dungeon,
+called, from the misery the unhappy occupiers of this very confined
+place endured, the Little-Ease. But this will appear a luxurious
+habitation, when compared with the inventions of Louis XI. of France,
+with his iron cages, in which
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page319" name="page319"></a>[pg 319]</span>
+persons of rank lay for whole years;
+or his oubliettes, dungeons made in the form of reversed cones,
+with concealed trap-doors, down which dropped the unhappy victims
+of the tyrant, brought there by Tristam L'Hermite, his companion and
+executioner in ordinary; sometimes their sides were plain, sometimes
+set with knives, or sharp-edged wheels; but in either cases they were
+complete <i>oubliettes;</i> the devoted were certain to fall into the land
+where all things are forgotten.&mdash;(<i>Pennant's London.</i>)
+</p>
+<p>
+When the Bastille of France was demolished, three iron cages were
+discovered, they were made of strong bars of iron, about eight feet high
+and six feet wide, and such have been used in other prisons in that
+country. The Bishop of Verdun, according to Mezeray, was the inventer,
+and was himself the first man confined in them, and remained a prisoner
+thus for eleven years, so that he could speak practically as to his own
+invention.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	FEMALE LEANDER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The Duchess of Chevereux, who was for the first time at the court of
+England, in 1638, swam across the Thames, in a frolic, near Windsor. On
+this occasion some verses were composed by a Sir J. M. containing these
+lines:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  But her chaste breast, cold as the cloyster'd nun,</p>
+           <p>  Whose frost to chrystal might congeal the sun,</p>
+           <p>  So glar'd the stream, that pilots, there afloat,</p>
+           <p>  Thought they might safely land without a boat;</p>
+           <p>  July had seen the Thames in ice involv'd,</p>
+           <p>  Had it not been by her own beams dissolv'd.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	BIRTHDAY PRAYER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The observance of a birthday by <i>prayer</i> is not altogether incurious
+in these days of license; and the following specimen, quoted from the
+<i>Diary</i> of that truly good man, JOHN EVELYN, may be entertained as the
+genuine effusion of piety, unmixed with any alloy of fanaticism, or
+religious enthusiasm:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Oct</i>. 31, 1689.&mdash;My birthday, being now 69 years old. Blessed Father
+who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to see so
+great and wonderful revolutions, and preserved me amidst them to this
+moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and
+thankful acknowledgements, and grant me grace to be working out my
+salvation and redeeming the time, that thou mayest be glorified by me
+here, and my soul immortal saved, whenever thou shalt call for it to
+perpetuate thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where
+there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest and peace, and joy
+and consummate felicity for ever. Grant this, O Heavenly Father, for
+the sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Saviour. Amen.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	CURIOUS LETTER,
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>From a country squire, in the 18th century, to a gentleman in London,
+who had written to him concerning the character of a Servant.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+"Sir&mdash;Yours I receiv'd the 24th of this present instant, June, and, at
+your request, will give you an impartial account of my man, John Gray's
+character. He is a shoemaker, or cordwainer, which you please to call
+it, by trade, and now in our town; he is following the carding business
+for every one that wants him; he served his time at a town called
+Binstock, in Northamptonshire; and from thence the Great Addington
+journeyman, to this occupation, as before mentioned, and used to come to
+my house, and found, by riding my horses to water, that he rode a horse
+pretty well; which was not at all mistaken, for he rides a horse well:
+and he looks after a kennel of hounds very well, and finds a hare very
+well: he hath no judgement in hunting a pack of hounds now, though he
+rides well, he don't with discretion, for he don't know how to make the
+most of a horse; but a very harey-starey fellow: will ride over a church
+if in his way, though he may prevent a leap by having a gap within ten
+yards of him; and if you are not in the field with himself, when you are
+hunting to tutor him about riding, he will kill all the horses you have
+in the stable in one month, for he hath killed downright, and lamed so
+that they will never be fit for use, no more than five horses since he
+has hunted my hounds, which is two years and upwards; he can talk no dog
+language to a hound; he hath no voice; speaks to a hound such as if his
+head were in a churn; nor neither does he know how to draw a hound when
+they are at a loss, no more than a child of seven years old. As to his
+honesty, I always found him honest till about a week ago. I sent my
+servant that I have now to fetch some sheep's feet from Mr. Stranjan,
+of Higham Ferrers, where Gray used to go for feet, and I always send
+my money by the man that brings the feet; and Stranjan told my man that
+I have now that I owed him money for feet; and when the man came home
+he told me, and I went to Stranjan, and then I found the truth of the
+matter. Gray had kept the money in his hands, and had never paid
+Stranjan: he had along with me once for a letter, in order for his
+character, to give
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page320" name="page320"></a>[pg 320]</span>
+him one, but I told him I could not give him a good
+one, so I would not write at all. Gray is a very great drunkard, can't
+keep a penny in his pocket: a sad notorious lyar. If you send him upon
+a mile or two from Uphingham, he will get drunk, stay all day, and never
+come home while the middle of the night, or such time as he knows his
+master is in bed. He can nor will not keep any secret; neither has he
+so much wit as other people, for the fellow is half a fool, for if you
+would have business done with expedition, if he once gets out of the
+town, or sight of you, shall see him no more, while the next morning he
+serves me so and so: you must expect the same if you hire him. I use you
+just as I would be used myself; it I desired a character of you of a
+servant, that I had design'd to hire of yours, as to let you know the
+truth of every thing about him.
+</p>
+<p>
+"I am, sir, your most humble servant to command.
+</p>
+<p>
+"<i>Great Addington, June</i> 28, 1734.
+</p>
+<p>
+"P.S. He takes good care of his horses, with good looking after as
+to the dressing of them; but if you don't take care, he will fill the
+manger full of corn, so that he will clog the horses, and ruin the whole
+stable of horses."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	EPITAPH
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>Upon two religious disputants who are interred within a few paces of
+each other.</i>
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Suspended here, a contest see,</p>
+           <p>  Of two whose creeds cou'd ne'er agree,</p>
+           <p>  For whether they would preach or pray,</p>
+           <p>  They'd do it in a different way;</p>
+           <p>  And they wou'd fain our fate deny'd,</p>
+           <p>  In quite a different manner dy'd!</p>
+           <p>  Yet think not that their rancour's o'er,</p>
+           <p>  No! for 'tis ten to one, and more,</p>
+           <p>  Tho' quiet now as either lies,</p>
+           <p>  But they've a wrangle when they rise.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	LONGEVITY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+In St. Michael's churchyard, at Litchfield, an ancient tombstone was
+lately discovered, which had been buried in the earth a great number
+of years. Upon it are deeply cut the following inscriptions:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+Here lyes the Body<br />
+of William Clarke,<br />
+who was Clarke of this<br />
+Church 51 years, and buried<br />
+March 25th, 1525, aged 96.<br />
+&nbsp;<br />
+Here lyes the Body<br />
+of William Clarke,<br />
+Clarke of this Church 71<br />
+years, who died Septem. 26,<br />
+1562, and aged 86.<br />
+</center>
+<p>
+The father lived in the reigns of six different kings, viz. Henry the
+Sixth, Edwards the Fourth and Fifth, Richard the Third, and Henry the
+Seventh and Eighth. The son in seven reigns, viz. from Edward the Fourth
+to Mary the First.
+</p>
+<h4>
+<i>Morning Chronicle, October 8, 1822.</i>
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	LINES
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>Written by a ragged Irishman, a passenger on board a vessel with the
+Archbishop of Tuam.</i>
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  If each man had his suum,</p>
+           <p>  You would not have Tuam,</p>
+           <p>  But I should get meum,</p>
+           <p>  And sing a <i>Te Deum</i>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+	G.K.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	MAY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The following verses were composed by John Barbour, a poet and divine,
+who was born at Aberdeen in 1330. They afford a specimen of the poetry
+in his time:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "This was in midst of month of May,</p>
+           <p>  When birdis sing on ilka spray,</p>
+           <p>  Melland<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> their notes, with seemly soun,</p>
+           <p>  For softness of the sweet seasoun.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "And leavis of the branchis spreeds,</p>
+           <p>  And blomis bright, beside them, breeds</p>
+           <p>  And Fieldis strawed are with flow'rs</p>
+           <p>  Well savouring of seir<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> colours;</p>
+           <p>  And all things wor this, blyth, and gay."</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+	P.T.W.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<center>
+	POPULAR SCIENCE.
+</center>
+<hr />
+<center>
+This Day is published, price 5s.
+</center>
+<center>
+ARCANA of SCIENCE, and ANNUAL REGISTER of the USEFUL ARTS for 1831.
+</center>
+<p>
+"This is the fourth annual volume of a most useful compilation of the
+various discoveries in science or inventions of art during the preceding
+year. The volume commences, very properly, with an abridgment of what
+may be termed the greatest work of art which has distinguished the
+present century&mdash;the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Various other
+improvements in the different departments of the arts which have
+appeared in the several scientific journals of the last year, are here
+presented in a condensed form, so as to render the volume, in reality,
+an excellent book of reference. The object of the editor seems to have
+been that of blending entertainment with valuable information, the work
+being illustrated by many neat engravings relating to the popular
+branches of science. The volume, therefore, contains a very interesting
+compendium of information for young people."&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Printed for JOHN LIMBIRD, 143, Strand;&mdash;of whom may be had the Volumes
+for the three preceding years.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Holinshed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>
+Alba, the city of Romulus, the founder of Rome, was called so
+from a white sow found there by Æneas.&mdash;Vide Livy, lib. i
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+        <p>Cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam</p>
+        <p>Litoreis ingens inventa sub illicibus sus,</p>
+        <p>Triginta capitum foetus enixa jacebit,</p>
+        <p>Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati:</p>
+        <p>Is locus urbis erit ei.</p>
+        <p style="text-align: right;">Virgil Æneid, lib. iii. v. 390.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+        <p>When, in the shady shelter of a wood</p>
+        <p>And near the margin of a gentle flood,</p>
+        <p>Thou shalt behold a sow upon the ground,</p>
+        <p>With thirty sucking young encompassed round;</p>
+        <p>The dam and offspring white as falling snow:</p>
+        <p>These on thy city shall their name bestow, &amp;c.</p>
+        <p style="text-align: right;">DRYDEN.</p>
+</div></div>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>"Rhodoginus mentions a parrot which could recite correctly the
+whole of the Apostle's Creed."&mdash;Animal Biography, by the Rev.
+W. Bingley.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>"The Dutch," says Le Vaillant, "give this bird the name of
+Secretary, on account of the bunch of quills behind its
+head."&mdash;Bingley, Animal Biography.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+<p>Mingling.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a>
+<b>Footnote 6</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+<p>Their.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers.</i>
+</p>
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12650 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #12650 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12650)
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831, by Various
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 17, No.
+488, May 7, 1831
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: June 18, 2004  [eBook #12650]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: iso-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE,
+AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 17, NO. 488, MAY 7, 1831***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustration.
+      See 12650-h.htm or 12650-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/6/5/12650/12650-h/12650-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/6/5/12650/12650-h.zip)
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION
+
+VOL. 17, NO. 488.] SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1831. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.]
+
+
+
+
+ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+
+
+This venerable structure, as we explained in No. 486 of _The Mirror_, is
+situated in the lower ward or court of Windsor Castle. It stands in the
+centre, and in a manner, divides the court into two parts. On the north
+or inner side are the houses and apartments of the Dean and Canons of
+St. George's Chapel, with those of the minor canons, clerks, and other
+officers; and on the south and west sides of the outer part are the
+houses of the Poor Knights of Windsor.
+
+The Engraving represents the south front of the Chapel as it presents
+itself to the passenger through Henry the Eighth's Gateway, the
+principal entrance to the Lower Ward. The entrance to the Chapel, as
+shown in the Engraving, is that generally used, and was formed by
+command of George the Fourth; through which his Majesty's remains were
+borne, according to a wish expressed some time previous to his death.
+
+The exterior of the Chapel requires but few descriptive details. The
+interior will be found in our last volume.
+
+It is a beautiful structure, in the purest style of the Pointed
+architecture, and was founded by Edward the Third, in 1377, for the
+honour of the Order of the Garter. But however noble the first design,
+it was improved by Edward the Fourth and Henry the Seventh, in whose
+reign the famous Sir Reg. Bray, K.G., assisted in ornamenting the chapel
+and completing the roof. The architecture of the inside has ever been
+esteemed for its great beauty; and, in particular, the stone vaulting is
+reckoned an excellent piece of workmanship. It is an ellipsis, supported
+by lofty pillars, whose ribs and groins sustain the whole roof, every
+part of which has some different device well finished, as the arms of
+several of our kings, great families, &c. On each side of the choir are
+the stalls of the Sovereign and Knights of the Garter, with the helmet,
+mantling, crest, and sword of each knight, set up over his stall, on a
+canopy of ancient carving curiously wrought. Over the canopy is affixed
+the banner of each knight blazoned on silk, and on the backs of the
+stalls are the titles of the knights, with their arms neatly engraved
+and emblazoned on copper.
+
+There are several small chapels in this edifice, in which are the
+monuments of many illustrious persons; particularly of Edward, Earl
+of Lincoln, a renowned naval warrior; George Manners, Lord Roos, and
+Anne, his consort, niece of Edward the Fourth; Anne, Duchess of Exeter,
+mother of that lady, and sister to the king; Sir Reginald Bray, before
+mentioned; and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married the sister
+of King Henry the Eighth.
+
+At the east end of St. George's Chapel is a freestone edifice, built by
+Henry the Seventh, as a burial-place for himself and his successors; but
+afterwards altering his purpose, he began the more noble structure at
+Westminster; and this remained neglected until Cardinal Wolsey obtained
+a grant of it from Henry the Eighth, and, with a profusion of expense,
+began here a sumptuous monument for himself, whence this building
+obtained the name of Wolsey's _Tomb House_. This monument was so
+magnificently built, that it exceeded that of Henry the Seventh, in
+Westminster Abbey; and at the time of the cardinal's disgrace, the tomb
+was so far executed, that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, received
+4,250 ducats for what he had already done; and 380l. 18s. had been paid
+for gilding only half of this monument. The cardinal dying soon after
+his disgrace, was buried in the cathedral at York, and the monument
+remained unfinished. In 1646, the statues and figures of gilt copper,
+of exquisite workmanship, were sold. James the Second converted this
+building into a Popish chapel, and mass was publicly performed here.
+The ceiling was painted by Verrio, and the walls were finely ornamented
+and painted; but the whole having been neglected since the reign of
+James the Second, it fell into a complete state of decay, from which,
+however, it was some years ago retrieved by George the Third, who had it
+magnificently completed (under the direction of the late James Wyatt,
+Esq.) in accordance with the original style, and a _mausoleum_
+constructed within, as a burial-place for the royal family.
+
+Windsor Castle, as the reader may recollect, was magnificently re-built
+by William of Wykeham, who was Clerk of the Works to Edward the Third,
+in 1356. Little now remains of Wykeham's workmanship, save the round
+tower, and this has just been raised considerably. Wykeham had power
+to press all sorts of artificers, and to provide stone, timber, and all
+necessary materials for conveyance and erection. Indeed, Edward caused
+workmen to be impressed out of London and several counties, to the
+number of five or six hundred, by writs directed to the various
+sheriff's, who were commanded to take security of the masons and
+joiners, that they should not leave Windsor without permission of
+the architect. What a contrast are these strong measures with the
+scrutinized votes of money recently made for the renovation of the
+Castle!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORIGIN OF THE WORD ALBION.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+To the elucidation of the word Britannia, contained in your 486th
+number, I beg to add the opinion of the same author on the subject
+of Albion:--
+
+"Albion (the most ancient name of this Isle) containeth Englande and
+Scotlande: of the beginning (origin) of which name haue been sundrie
+opinios (opinions): One late feigned by him, which first prynted the
+Englishe Chronicle,[1] wherein is neither similitude of trouth, reasone,
+nor honestie: I mean the fable of the fiftie doughters of Dioclesian,
+kyng of Syria, where neuer any other historic maketh mencion of a kyng
+of Syria, so named: Also that name is Greke, and no part of the language
+of Syria. Moreouer the coming of theim from Syria in a shippe or boate
+without any marynours (mariners) thorowe (through) the sea called
+_Mediterraneum_, into the occean, and so finally to finde this He, and
+to inhabit it, * * * * is both impossible, and much reproche to this
+noble Realme, to ascribe hir first name and habitation, to such
+inuention. Another opinion is (which hath a more honeste similitude)
+that it was named _Albion, ab albis rupibus_, of white rockes, because
+that unto them, that come by sea, the bankes and rockes of this He doe
+appeare whyte. Of this opinion I moste mervayle (marvel), because it is
+written of great learned men, First, _Albion_ is no latin worde, nor
+hath the analogie, that is to saie, proportion or similitude of latine.
+For who hath founde this syllable _on_, at the ende of a latin woord.
+And if it should have bæn (been) so called for the whyte colour of the
+rockes, men would have called called it (I believe this to be a
+misprint) _Alba_, or _Albus_, or Album. In Italy were townes called
+Alba[2] and in Asia a countrey called Albania, and neither of them took
+their beginning of whyte rockes, or walles, as ye may read in books of
+geographic: nor the water of the ryuer called _Albis_, semeth any whiter
+than other water. But if where auncient remembraunce of the beginning
+of thinges lacketh, it may be leeful for men to use their conjectures,
+than may myne be as well accepted as Plinies (although he incomparably
+excelled me in wisedome e doctrine) specially if it may appéer, that
+my coiecture (conjecture) shal approch more neere to the similitude
+of trouth. Wherfore I will also sett foorth mine opinion onely to
+the intent to exclude fables, lackyng eyther honestie or reasonable
+similitudes. Whan the Greekes began first to prosper, and their cities
+became populous, and wared puissaunt, they which trauailed on the seas,
+and also the yles in the seas called _Hellespontus, Æigeum and Creticu_
+(m), after that thei knewe perfectly the course of sailynge, and had
+founden thereby profyte, they by little and little attempted to serch
+and finde out the commodities of outwarde countrees: and like as
+Spaniardes and Portugalls haue late doone, they experienced to seeke out
+countries before unknown. And at laste passynge the streictes of
+Marrocke (Morocco) they entered into the great occean sea, where they
+fond (found) dyvers and many Iles. Among which they perceiuing this Ile
+to be not onely the greatest in circuite, but also most plenteouse of
+every necessary to man, the earth moste apte to bring forth," &c. The
+learned prelate goes on to enumerate the natural advantages of our
+country. He continues--"They wanderynge and reioysinge at their good and
+fortunate arrival, named this yle in Greeke _Olbion_, which in Englishe
+signifieth happy."
+
+_Foley Place._
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+    [1] Holinshed.
+
+    [2] Alba, the city of Romulus, the founder of Rome, was called so
+        from a white sow found there by Æneas.--Vide Livy, lib. i
+
+        Cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam
+        Litoreis ingens inventa sub illicibus sus,
+        Triginta capitum foetus enixa jacebit,
+        Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati:
+        Is locus urbis erit ei.
+
+        Virgil Æneid, lib. iii. v. 390.
+
+        When, in the shady shelter of a wood
+        And near the margin of a gentle flood,
+        Thou shalt behold a sow upon the ground,
+        With thirty sucking young encompassed round;
+        The dam and offspring white as falling snow:
+        These on thy city shall their name bestow, &c.
+
+        DRYDEN.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  "Preach to the storm, or reason with despair,
+  But tell not misery's son that life is fair"
+  H.K. WHITE.
+
+
+  I mark'd his eye--it beam'd with gladness,
+  His ceaseless smile and joyous air,
+  His infant soul had ne'er felt sadness,
+  Nor kenn'd he yet but _life was fair._
+  His chubby cheek with genuine mirth
+  Blown out--while all around him smiled,
+  And fairy-land to him seemed earth,
+  I envied him, unwitting child.
+
+  I look'd again--his eye was flush'd
+  With passion proud and deep delight,
+  But often o'er his brow there gush'd
+  A blackened cloud which made it night,
+  But still the cloud would wear away,
+  (His youthful cheek was red and rare,)
+  And still his heart beat light and gay,
+  Still did he fancy _life was fair._
+
+  Again I looked--another change--
+  The darkened eye, the visage wan,
+  Told me that sorrow had been there,
+  Told me that time had made him man.
+  His brow was overcast, and deep
+  Had care, the demon, furrow'd there,
+  I heard him sigh with anguish deep,
+  "_Oh! tell me not that life is fair._"
+
+
+COLBOURNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BIRTHPLACE OF LOCKE.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+The philosopher was born in the room lighted by the upper window on the
+right, in your Engraving No. 487. It is a small, plain apartment, having
+few indications of former respectability.
+
+In the garden of Barley Wood, near Wrington, the residence of the
+religious and sentimental Hannah More, stands an urn commemorative
+of Locke, the gift of Mrs. Montague, with the following inscription:
+
+
+            To
+        JOHN LOCKE,
+    Born in this village.
+  This memorial is erected
+            by
+       Mrs. Montague,
+      and presented to
+        HANNAH MORE.
+
+
+J. SILVESTER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A FUNERAL AT SEA.
+
+We quote the following "last scene of poor Jack's eventful history" from
+Capt. Basil Hall's _Fragments of Voyages and Travel_, a work, observes
+the _Quarterly Review_, "sure sooner or later, to be in everybody's
+hands."
+
+"It need not be mentioned, that the surgeon is in constant attendance
+upon the dying man, who has generally been removed from his hammock to a
+cot, which is larger and more commodious, and is placed within a screen
+on one side of the sick bay, as the hospital of the ship is called. It
+is usual for the captain to pass through this place, and to speak to the
+men every morning; and I imagine there is hardly a ship in the service
+in which wine, fresh meat, and any other supplies recommended by the
+surgeon, are not sent from the tables of the captain and officers to
+such of the sick men as require a more generous diet than the ship's
+stores provided. After the carver in the gun-room has helped his
+messmates, he generally turns to the surgeon, and says, 'Doctor, what
+shall I send to the sick?' But, even without this, the steward would
+certainly be taken to task were he to omit inquiring, as a matter of
+course, what was wanted in the sick bay. The restoration of the health
+of the invalids by such supplies is perhaps not more important, however,
+than the moral influence of the attention on the part of the officers.
+I would strongly recommend every captain to be seen (no matter for how
+short a time) by the bed-side of any of his crew whom the surgeon may
+report as dying. Not occasionally, and in the flourishing style with
+which we read of great generals visiting hospitals, but uniformly and in
+the quiet sobriety of real kindness, as well as hearty consideration for
+the feelings of a man falling at his post in the service of his country.
+He who is killed in action has a brilliant Gazette to record his
+exploits, and the whole country may be said to attend his death-bed. But
+the merit is not less--or may even be much greater--of the soldier or
+sailor who dies of a fever in a distant land--his story untold, and his
+sufferings unseen. In warring against climates unsuited to his frame,
+he may have encountered, in the public service, enemies often more
+formidable than those who handle pike and gun. There should be nothing
+left undone, therefore, at such a time, to show not only to the dying
+man, but to his shipmates and his family at home, that his services are
+appreciated. I remembered, on one occasion, hearing the captain of a
+ship say to a poor fellow who was almost gone, that he was glad to see
+him so cheerful at such a moment; and begged to know if he had anything
+to say. 'I hope, sir,' said the expiring seaman with a smile, 'I have
+done my duty to your satisfaction;' 'That you have, my lad,' said his
+commander, 'and to the satisfaction of your country, too.' 'That is all
+I wanted to know, sir,' replied the man. These few commonplace words
+cost the captain not five minutes of his time, but were long recollected
+with gratitude by the people under his orders, and contributed, along
+with many other graceful acts of considerate attention, to fix his
+authority.
+
+"If a sailor who knows he is dying, has a captain who pleases him,
+he is very likely to send a message by the surgeon to beg a visit--not
+often to trouble his commander with any commission, but merely to say
+something at parting. No officer, of course, would ever refuse to grant
+such an interview, but it appears to me it should always be volunteered;
+for many men may wish it, whose habitual respect would disincline them
+to take such a liberty, even at the moment when all distinctions are
+about to cease.
+
+"Very shortly after poor Jack dies, he is prepared for his deep-sea
+grave by his messmates, who, with the assistance of the sailmaker, and
+in the presence of the master-at-arms, sew him up in his hammock, and,
+having placed a couple of cannon-shot at his feet, they rest the body
+(which now not a little resembles an Egyptian mummy) on a spare grating.
+Some portion of the bedding and clothes are always made up in the
+package--apparently to prevent the form being too much seen. It is then
+carried aft, and, being placed across the after-hatchway, the union
+jack is thrown over all. Sometimes it is placed between two of the guns,
+under the half deck; bat generally, I think, he is laid where I have
+mentioned, just abaft the mainmast. I should have mentioned before, that
+as soon as the surgeon's ineffectual professional offices are at an end,
+he walks to the quarter-deck, and reports to the officer of the watch
+that one of his patients has just expired. At whatever hour of the day
+or night this occurs, the captain is immediately made acquainted with
+the circumstance.
+
+"Next day, generally about eleven o'clock, the bell on which the
+half-hours are struck, is tolled for the funeral, and all who choose
+to be present, assemble on the gangways, booms, and round the mainmast,
+while the forepart of the quarter-deck is occupied by the officers. In
+some ships--and it ought perhaps to be so in all--it is made imperative
+on the officers and crew to attend the ceremony. If such attendance be
+a proper mark of respect to a professional brother--as it surely is--it
+ought to be enforced, and not left to caprice. There may, indeed, be
+times of great fatigue, when it would harass men and officers,
+needlessly, to oblige them to come on deck for every funeral, and upon
+such occasions the watch on deck may be sufficient. Or, when some dire
+disease gets into a ship, and is cutting down her crew by its daily and
+nightly, or it maybe hourly ravages, and when, two or three times in a
+watch, the ceremony must be repeated, those only, whose turn it is to be
+on deck, need be assembled. In such fearful times, the funeral is
+generally made to follow close upon the death.
+
+"While the people are repairing to the quarter-deck, in obedience to
+the summons of the bell, the grating on which the body is placed, being
+lifted from the main-deck by the messmates of the man who has died, is
+made to rest across the lee-gangway. The stanchions for the man-ropes
+of the side are unshipped, and an opening made at the after-end of the
+hammock netting, sufficiently large to allow a free passage. The body is
+still covered by the flag already mentioned, with the feet projecting
+a little over the gunwale, while the messmates of the deceased arrange
+themselves on each side. A rope, which is kept out of sight in these
+arrangements, is then made fast to the grating, for a purpose which will
+be seen presently. When all is ready, the chaplain, if there be one on
+board, or, if not, the captain, or any of the officers he may direct
+to officiate, appears on the quarter-deck and commences the beautiful
+service, which, though but too familiar to most ears, I have observed,
+never fails to rivet the attention even of the rudest and least
+reflecting. Of course, the bell has ceased to toll, and every one stands
+in silence and uncovered as the prayers are read. Sailors, with all
+their looseness of habits, are well disposed to be sincerely religious;
+and when they have fair play given them, they will always, I believe,
+be found to stand on as good vantage ground, in this respect, as their
+fellow-countrymen on shore. Be this as it may, there can be no more
+attentive, or apparently reverent auditory, than assembles on the deck
+of a ship of war, on the occasion of a shipmate's burial.
+
+"The land service for the burial of the dead contains the following
+words: 'Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God, of his great mercy,
+to take unto himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we
+therefore commit his body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to
+ashes, dust to dust; in sure and certain hope,' &c. Every one I am
+sure, who has attended the funeral of a friend--and whom will this not
+include?--must recollect the solemnity of that stage of the ceremony,
+where, as the above words are pronounced, there are cast into the grave
+three successive portions of earth, which, falling on the coffin, send
+up a hollow, mournful sound, resembling no other that I know. In the
+burial service at sea, the part quoted above is varied in the following
+very striking and solemn manner:--'Forasmuch,' &c.--'we therefore commit
+his body to the deep, to be turned into corruption, looking for the
+resurrection of the body, when the sea shall give up her dead, and the
+life of the world to come,' &c. At the commencement of this part of the
+service, one of the seamen stoops down, and disengages the flag from the
+remains of his late shipmate, while the others, at the words 'we commit
+his body to the deep,' project the grating right into the sea. The body
+being loaded with shot at one end, glances off the grating, plunges at
+once into the ocean, and--
+
+  "'In a moment, like a drop of rain,
+  He sinks into its depths with bubbling groan,
+  Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown.'
+
+"This part of the ceremony is rather less impressive than the
+correspondent part on land; but still there is something solemn, as
+well as startling, in the sudden splash, followed by the sound of the
+grating, as it is towed along under the main-chains.
+
+"In a fine day at sea, in smooth water, and when all the ship's company
+and officers are assembled, the ceremony just described, although a
+melancholy one, as it must always be, is often so pleasing, all things
+considered, that it is calculated to leave even cheerful impressions on
+the mind."
+
+(Even Captain Hall, however, admits that a sea-funeral may sometimes
+be a scene of unmixed sadness; and he records the following as the most
+impressive of all the hundreds he has witnessed. It occurred in the
+Leander, off the coast of North America.)
+
+"There was a poor little middy on board, so delicate and fragile, that
+the sea was clearly no fit profession for him; but he or his friends
+thought otherwise; and as he had a spirit for which his frame was no
+match, he soon gave token of decay. This boy was a great favourite with
+every body--the sailors smiled whenever he passed, as they would have
+done to a child--the officers petted him, and coddled him up with
+all sorts of good things--and his messmates, in a style which did not
+altogether please him, but which he could not well resist, as it was
+meant most kindly, nicknamed him Dolly. Poor fellow!--he was long
+remembered afterwards. I forget what his particular complaint was, but
+he gradually sunk; and at last went out just as a taper might have done,
+exposed to such gusts of wind as blew in that tempestuous region. He
+died in the morning; but it was not until the evening that he was
+prepared for a seaman's grave.
+
+"I remember, in the course of the day, going to the side of the boy's
+hammock, and on laying my hand upon his breast, was astonished to find
+it still warm--so much so, that I almost imagined I could feel the heart
+beat. This, of course, was a vain fancy; but I was much attached to my
+little companion, being then not much taller myself--and I was soothed
+and gratified, in a childish way, by discovering that my friend, though
+many hours dead, had not yet acquired the usual revolting chillness.
+
+"In after years I have sometimes thought of this incident, when
+reflecting on the pleasing doctrine of the Spaniards--that as soon as
+children die, they are translated into angels, without any of those cold
+obstructions, which, they pretend, intercept and retard the souls of
+other mortals. The peculiar circumstances connected with the funeral
+which I am about to describe, and the fanciful superstitions of the
+sailors upon the occasion, have combined to fix the whole scene in
+my memory.
+
+"Something occurred during the day to prevent the funeral taking place
+at the usual hour, and the ceremony was deferred till long after sunset.
+The evening was extremely dark, and it was blowing a treble-reefed
+topsail breeze. We had just sent down the top-gallant yards, and made
+all snug for a boisterous winter's night. As it became necessary to have
+lights to see what was done, several signal lanterns were placed on the
+break of the quarter-deck, and others along the hammock railings on the
+lee-gangway. The whole ship's company and officers were assembled, some
+on the booms, others in the boats; while the main-rigging was crowded
+half way up to the cat-harpings. Over-head, the mainsail, illuminated
+as high as the yard by the lamps, was bulging forwards under the gale,
+which was rising every minute, and straining so violently at the
+main-sheet, that there was some doubt whether it might not be necessary
+to interrupt the funeral in order to take sail off the ship. The lower
+deck ports lay completely under water, and several times the muzzles of
+the main-deck guns were plunged into the sea; so that the end of the
+grating on which the remains of poor Dolly were laid, once or twice
+nearly touched the tops of the waves, as they foamed and hissed past.
+The rain fell fast on the bare heads of the crew, dropping also on the
+officers, during all the ceremony, from the foot of the mainsail, and
+wetting the leaves of the prayer-book. The wind sighed over us amongst
+the wet shrouds, with a note so mournful, that there could not have been
+a more appropriate dirge.
+
+"The ship--pitching violently--strained and creaked from end to end: so
+that, what with the noise of the sea, the rattling of the ropes, and the
+whistling of the wind, hardly one word of the service could be
+distinguished. The men, however, understood, by a motion of the
+captain's hand, when the time came--and the body of our dear little
+brother was committed to the deep.
+
+"So violent a squall was sweeping past the ship at this moment, that no
+sound was heard of the usual splash, which made the sailors allege that
+their young favourite never touched the water at all, but was at once
+carried off in the gale to his final resting-place!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE TOPOGRAPHER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+                       Either shore
+  Presents its combination to the view
+  Of all that interests, delights, enchants;--
+  Corn-waving fields, and pastures green, and slope,
+  And swell alternate, summits crown'd with leaf,
+  And grave-encircled mansions, verdant capes,
+  The beach, the inn, the farm, the mill, the path,
+  And tinkling rivulets, and waters wide,
+  Spreading in lake-like mirrors to the sun.
+
+  N.T. CARRINGTON.
+
+
+_Swansea Bay:--Scenery and Antiquities of Gower._
+
+The coast scenery of the western portion of Glamorgan is of singular
+beauty. We shall ever recall with delight our recollections of Gower,
+and we believe the future tourist will thank us for the outline of the
+more prominent beauties in the circle of the district, which we now
+give. Let us suppose ourselves at Swansea, and start on an excursion to
+the Mumbles and Caswell Bay. A road has been formed within these few
+years to the village of Oystermouth, about five miles from Swansea.
+It is perfectly level, bounded by a tram-road, and runs close to the
+sea-beach, forming the western side of Swansea Bay. The encroachments
+of the sea have been very extensive here; at high water shipping now
+traverse what was fifty years ago, we are told, a marshy flat, bordered
+by a wood near the present road, the stumps of which yet appear on the
+sandy beach. We have several times on riding to low water mark (about
+three quarters of a mile out) been nearly involved in a quick-sand
+adventure. Landward, the ground is broken and elevated, and thickly
+studded with gentlemen's seats the whole distance; many of which are
+embosomed in wood, and have a beautiful effect. Marino, an extensive
+new mansion in the Elizabethan or old English style of architecture,
+belonging to Mr. J.H. Vivian, and Woodlands Castle, the seat of General
+Warde, which is very picturesque, are particularly deserving of
+attention. After passing the hamlet of Norton, you near Oystermouth
+Castle, an extensive and splendid Gothic ruin, in fine preservation,
+which rears its "ivy-mantled" walls, above an eminence adjoining the
+road. Some suppose it to have been built by Henry de Newburgh, Earl
+of Warwick, in Henry the First's reign; others ascribe it on better
+authority to the Lords Braose, of Gower, in the reign of John; it is now
+the property of the Duke of Beaufort, whose care in its preservation
+cannot be too much commended. The inspection of this interesting ruin
+will repay the traveller:
+
+
+  By the grim storm-clouds overcast,
+  Even like a spectre of the past,--
+  Of rapine, feudal strife, and blood,
+    Thou tellest an old, wild, warlike story,
+  When squadrons on thy ramparts stood,
+    With spear and shield in martial glory!
+
+  DELTA.
+
+
+The walls are very lofty and not much injured by time; the plan of the
+various chambers, extensive vaults and chambers in the inner courtyard,
+can be perfectly distinguished. The general form of the castle, which
+must once have been very strong, is nearly a square, with a projecting
+gatehouse to the S.E. which is almost perfect. The keep on the eastern
+side commands a lovely view. About half a mile further is the village of
+Oystermouth, clustering with its whitewashed roofs along the foot and
+declivity of a high mass of rock, which juts boldly out into the sea
+for half a mile, forming the south-eastern extremity of Gower, and
+terminating Swansea Bay. The village is celebrated as a bathing place,
+and for its extensive fishery for oysters, with which it supplies
+Bristol, Gloucestershire, North Somerset, &c. This trade gives
+occupation to a considerable number of fishermen who are the chief
+inhabitants of the place; but in the spring and summer, Oystermouth,
+in consequence of the great beauty of the situation, and its extreme
+salubrity, is completely filled with strangers, and high rates are
+obtained for lodgings; the accommodations are mostly indifferent, though
+the place is improving fast. The prospect from the summit of the rocks
+is truly exhilarating and beautiful. On one side, the spectator beholds
+just below him, the Atlantic rushing with all its majesty up the Bristol
+Channel--rising over the mixon sands into a really mountainous
+swell--while on the other, Swansea Bay, glittering with the white sails
+and varied combinations of a crowd of shipping, seems spread out like a
+vast and beautiful lake; its eastern shores bounded in the distance by
+the mountainous and woody scenery of Britton-Ferry, Aberavon, Margam,
+gradually diminishing towards Pyle.
+
+To the north, beyond the town of Swansea, an immense cloud of smoke is
+seen suspended over the Vales of Tawy and Neath--an abomination in the
+face of heaven. Such is the Welsh Bay of Naples, which presents this
+remarkable appearance at this spot. The anchorage aside this range of
+cliffs affords, except in an east wind, a very secure road for shipping;
+sometimes in strong weather there are two or three hundred sail lying
+here. At the termination of the peninsula are two rocky islands called
+the Mumbles, and on the farthest is a large light-house; for the support
+of which a rate is levied on all the shipping up and down channel. Below
+the light-house an immense cavern called "Bob's Cove" can be seen at
+low water. We were told that the village under the shadow of the rocks,
+loses sight of the sun for three months in winter, but this is not
+"quite correct." Let us proceed westward. About a mile from Oystermouth
+is Newton; where there are several lodging-houses. There have been many
+instances of great longevity at this village, which is perhaps the
+healthiest spot on the coast. The road to Caswell Bay, which passes
+through Newton, is almost impassable for horses; a new one however is
+talked of. The rocky valley leading to Caswell Bay, which abruptly comes
+in sight between two projecting rocks, is singularly wild and romantic.
+The bay is absolutely a mine of the picturesque--the Lullworth Cove
+of Wales. A day may be spent delightfully among its rocks and
+caverns--taking care to visit them at low water. A few miles westward is
+Oxwich Bay, the main attraction of the coast, along the rocky summit of
+which the pedestrian should "wend his way," with the ocean roaring far
+beneath him. We will, however, return to Swansea, and endeavour briefly
+to recall our first excursion into Gower.
+
+Let us fancy ourselves therefore, on a bright April morning, riding
+along with a friend--a stranger like ourselves--on the high road from
+Swansea into the interior of the peninsula. After cantering over about
+seven miles of hill and valley and common, we entered a woody defile,
+and at last opened, to use a nautical phrase, the "Gower inn," (eight
+miles) which was built, we were told, expressly for the convenience of
+tourists. After ascending a tremendous rocky hill, for road it cannot
+be called, about a mile onwards, Oxwich Bay bursts at last in all its
+beauty upon our sight. In our inquiries during the day, of the few
+passengers we met, as to the distance of the village of Penrice, the
+intended limit of our day's excursion, we were forcibly reminded of the
+"mile and a bittock" of the north. The country is very thinly populated
+here: at last we came in sight of the grounds of Penrice Castle, the
+beautiful mansion of Mr. Talbot, the member for the county; the entrance
+to the park is between two of the towers belonging to the extensive and
+picturesque remains of the ancient Castle of Penrice, which stands close
+to the road. Sixteen miles from Swansea, after "curses not loud but
+deep" upon Welsh roads, we reached the sequestered village of Penrice,
+which stands on a wooded eminence of no easy access, overlooking the
+eastern shore of Oxwich Bay.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCANA OF SCIENCE FOR 1831.
+
+It has been our invariable practice to notice, _by extract only_, such
+works as we are connected with, or to which we have contributed; and in
+the present case we shall do little more.
+
+Now, the reader need not be here told that the plan of an Annual
+Register of Inventions and Improvements originated in _The Mirror_ about
+four years since. Our intention there was to quote an occasional page or
+two of novelties of popular interest in science and art, and leave more
+abstruse matters to the journals in which they originally appeared. This
+plan led us through most of the scientific records of the year, in which
+we began to perceive that the reduction of all subjects of importance
+was not compatible within a few pages, and sooner than allow many papers
+of value to every member of society to be locked under the uninviting
+denomination of _philosophy_, we undertook the abridgement and
+arrangement of such papers, upon the plan of an "Annual Register,"
+intending our volume specially to represent the progress of discovery
+just as the general "Register" is a contribution to history. The cost
+of the journals for this purpose proved to be upwards of Twelve Guineas,
+but this outlay only made us more pleased with the design. A single
+instance will suffice. The _Philosophical Magazine_, a work of high
+character, numbers among its purchasers but few general readers: it
+contains many mathematical, theoretical, and controversial papers, all
+of which may advance their object, but are not in a form sufficiently
+tangible for any but the scientific inquirer. Still, in the same
+Magazine, there may be papers of practical and directly useful
+character, and of ready application to the arts and interests of life
+and society. A person wishing to possess these popular papers must
+therefore purchase with them a quantity of matter which to him would
+be unintelligible, and the value of which could only be appreciated
+by direct study, a task of no small import in these days of cheap
+literature. That the plan has succeeded, and that its intention has
+been fully recognised, is borne out by the testimony of a score of our
+contemporaries. Of their praise we have no disposition to make an idle
+boast; and our only object in the present notice is to do for ourselves
+what we could not perhaps expect a weekly or monthly critic to do for
+us, viz. to quote the subjects of a few of the valuable papers in the
+present volume, and then leave the reader to form his own conclusions
+of its intrinsic value.
+
+In _Mechanical Science_ there are 100 closely-printed pages, or 90
+articles. Among these are papers on novel applications of the gigantic
+power of _Steam_ in Navigation and Agriculture, and especially in
+Railway Carriages; the grand invention of the Air Engine; improvements
+in Printing; machinery in manufactures; and contributions to
+experimental as well as practical mechanics.
+
+In _Chemical Science_ there are upwards of 60 New Facts. Among these is
+a valuable paper on Arsenic, by Dr. Christison, (from the _Philosophical
+Magazine_;) a method of ascertaining the vegeto-alkali in Bark; the
+influence of the Aurora Borealis on the Magnetic Needle; Lieut.
+Drummond's Plan for illuminating Light Houses by a ball of lime, (from
+the _Philosophical Transactions_); Laws of electrical accumulation, and
+the decomposition of water by atmospheric and ordinary electricity;
+the new Indigo; the spontaneous inflammation of charcoal; the nitrous
+atmosphere of Tirhoot, one of the principal districts in India for the
+manufacture of salt-petre; Discovery of a mass of meteoric iron in
+Bohemia; the chemical composition of cheese; Berzelius on the power of
+metallic rods to decompose water after their connexion with the galvanic
+pile is broken; an alkaline principle in Box-wood; Professor Davy on a
+new method of detecting metallic poisons; Mr. Bennet's new alloy for the
+pivot-holes of watches; experiments with Aldini's Fireproof Dresses;
+Dr. Ure on the composition of Gunpowder, and on Indigo; Dr. Bostock
+on the spontaneous purification of Thames water; Abstracts of Berzelius'
+statement of the progress of Chemical Science for 1829; Mr. Broughton
+on the effects of oxygen gas on various animals, &c.
+
+In _Zoology_ are papers--on the Fern Owl; Mr. Rennie's interesting Notes
+on the Cleanliness of Animals; Mechanism of the Voice in Singing; the
+Vision of Birds of Prey; New species of British Snake; Animalculae in
+Snow; Habits of the Chameleon; Peculiarity of the Negro Stomach; Growth
+of Spanish Flies; British Pearl Fishery on the Conway; the cause of
+Goitre; seat of the sense of touch and taste; stones found in the
+stomach of Pikes; Learned Poodles at Paris; Faculties of Domestic
+Animals; Increase of Mankind; Larva of the Gad-fly, which deposits its
+eggs in the bodies of the human species; Luminousness of the Sea, a
+valuable contribution; Motions in water caused by the respiration of
+Fishes; Cannibalism in New Guinea; Heron swallowing a Rat; Mr. Vigors
+on American Quails; Mr. Yarrell's experiments to preserve White Bait;
+On the fascination of Serpents; Notes on the Zoological Society, &c.
+
+In _Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology_, are--a valuable paper on the
+Flora of Sicily; Supposed sub-marine banks from Newfoundland to the
+English Channel: Mr. Bakewell, Jun. on the Falls of Niagara: Mr. Bicheno
+on the Shamrock of Ireland; Effect of Light on Plants; Immense Tree in
+Mexico; Mr. Murray on Raining Trees; Forms and Relations of Volcanoes;
+Cuticular Pores of Plants; Volcano of Pietra Mala; Milk Tree of
+Demarara; Productiveness of Plants and Animals; Height of the Perpetual
+Snows on the Cordillera of Peru; Gerard's Botanical Journey in the
+Himala Mountains; Changes of temperature in Plants; Humboldt's account
+of the Gold and Platina district of Russia; Sir H. Davy on the
+durability of Stone; Dr. Hibbert's account of a Natural Rocking-stone;
+Notices of Fossil Organic Remains discovered within the year;
+Instructions for collecting Geological specimens, &c.
+
+The _Astronomical and Meteorological_ division contains some important
+observations on Atmospherical Electricity, by Dr. Brewster; a note of
+the recent Visitation of Greenwich Observatory; Snow of the winters
+1829-30; Account of a Water-spout on the Lake Neufchatel; Mr. Herapath
+and Sir James South on the Comet; On the Rending of Timber by Lightning;
+Curious account of Hay converted into Glass by Lightning; The Occupation
+of Aldebaran by the Moon; Aurora Borealis observed during the year;
+and a Journal of the Weather of the year, by Mr. Tatem, the ingenious
+meteorologist, which paper we regret is not acknowledged from the
+_Magazine of Natural History_; appended to this is a tabular
+Meteorological Summary of 1830, communicated to the _Arcana of Science_
+by Dr. Armstrong.
+
+In _Rural Economy_ there are Abstracts from papers of considerable
+value and extent--on Pasturages, Chlorides applied to diseased Animals,
+Quality of Waste Land from the plants growing in it, Malt Duties, Beet
+Root Sugar, Aliment from Straw, Planting and Pruning, Indian Corn,
+Mangold Wurzol, &c. In _Gardening_ are upwards of 40 similar Abstracts.
+In _Domestic Economy_ are some practical papers on Milk, Bread, Sugar,
+Storing Fruit, Beer from Sugar, &c. In _Useful Arts_ are about
+half-a-dozen, pages. To these heads are added a List of Patents, Notices
+of Expeditions of Discovery, and a copious Index. The Illustrations,
+about twenty in number, represent such inventions as are most attractive
+by their ingenuity; and by way of Synopsis we may state that the whole
+contents of the volume are nearly 400 abstracts, including probably
+three times as many _new facts_.
+
+The utility of such a yearly volume speaks for itself, and however
+ungracefully a recommendation might come from our pen we could not
+refrain from thus introducing it to the readers of the _Mirror_
+especially as the _Arcana of Science_ contain scarcely half-a-dozen
+pages of facts which have been detailed in our weekly columns.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CALENDAR OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+
+This volume professes to be "A Familiar Analysis of the Calendar of
+the Church of England," by explaining and illustrating its Fasts and
+Festivals, &c., in the form of Question and Answer. The reader will
+not look for novelty in such a work. The editors of Time's Telescope,
+Clavis Calendaria, the Every-day Book, &c., have been too long and too
+laboriously employed in illustrating every point of the year's history,
+to lead us to expect any new attraction. Indeed, the preface of the
+present work does not profess to furnish any such inducement, the editor
+resting his claim on the cheapness of his book in comparison with
+the Every-day Book. This is rather an ungracious recommendation: the
+"Analysis" consists of less than three hundred pages, and is sold
+for five or six shillings; but these three hundred pages only equal
+seventy-five pages of the Every-day Book, or less than five sheets,
+which the public know may be purchased for fifteen-pence. One of the
+pretensions of the "Analysis" is its condensed form, but we suspect
+Mr. Valpy's _Epitomizing_ press would reduce the editor's three hundred
+pages to seventy-five. It is a thankless office to be obliged to speak
+thus of a book on which some pains have been bestowed. Now, had it
+been printed within the compass of an eighteen-penny or two shilling
+catechism, the desired object would have been obtained; but, as it
+appears, in the type of a large church prayer-book, what may have been
+gained in arrangement, must be paid for in paper and print, so that no
+good purpose is ultimately effected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FAMILIAR LAW.
+
+Parts 3 and 4 of the _Familiar Law Adviser_ relate to Bills of Exchange
+and Promissory Notes--and Benefit Societies and Savings' Banks--and will
+be found extremely useful to very different classes. They have in them
+all the reforming spirit of the times, and must be of essential service
+everywhere, since _cheap law_ is as desirable us any other species of
+economy. Brevity, too, as recommended in these little books, should
+be the soul of law as it is of wit, for we all know that as the law
+lengthens so the cost strengthens. Another advantage will be, that the
+sooner a man is set right, the more time will he have for increasing
+his good actions in this life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEATH.
+
+Oh God! what a difference throughout the whole of this various and
+teeming earth a single DEATH can effect! Sky, sun, air, the eloquent
+waters, the inspiring mountain-tops, the murmuring and glossy wood,
+the very
+
+  Glory in the grass, and splendour in the flower,
+
+do these hold over us an eternal spell? Are they as a part and property
+of an unvarying course of nature? Have they aught which is unfailing,
+steady--_same_ in its effect? Alas! their attraction is the creature
+of an accident. One gap, invisible to all but ourself in the crowd and
+turmoil of the world, and every thing is changed. In a single hour,
+the whole process of thought, the whole ebb and flow of emotion, may be
+revulsed for the rest of an existence. Nothing can ever seem to us as it
+did: it is a blow upon the fine mechanism by which we think, and move,
+and have our being--the pendulum vibrates aright no more--the dial hath
+no account with time--the process goes on, but it knows no symmetry or
+order;--it was a single stroke that marred it, but the harmony is gone
+for ever!
+
+And yet I often think that that shock which jarred on the mental,
+renders yet softer the moral nature. A death that is connected with love
+unites us by a thousand remembrances to all who have mourned: it builds
+a bridge between the young and the old; it gives them in common the most
+touching of human sympathies; it steals from nature its glory and its
+exhilaration--not its tenderness. And what, perhaps, is better than all,
+to mourn deeply for the death of another, loosens from ourself the petty
+desire for, and the animal adherence to, life. We have gained the end of
+the philosopher, and view, without shrinking, the coffin and the
+pall.--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCOTT AND COOPER.
+
+An example of Mr. Cooper's appreciation of his illustrious rival,
+Sir Walter Scott, occurred while he was sitting for the portrait that
+accompanied the _New Monthly Magazine_ for last month.--The artist,
+Madame Mirbel, requested of a distinguished statesman.--"No," said
+Cooper, "if I must look at any, it shall be at my master," directing
+his glance a little higher, to a portrait of Sir Walter Scott.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FRANCE.
+
+France, "with all thy faults I love thee still!" No man should travel
+from his cradle to his grave without paying thee a visit by the
+way: with a disposition prone to enjoyment, it lightens the journey
+amazingly. The French are a kind people, and it must be his fault who
+cannot live happily with them. Pity it is, possessing, as they do,
+whatever can contribute to the felicity of a people in a state of peace,
+that war should be indispensable in order to render their idea of
+happiness complete. _La gloire_ and _la guerre_ form the eternal burden
+of their song--as if the chief business of life were to destroy life.
+They would fight to-morrow with any nation on earth, for no better an
+object than the chance of achieving a victory. Laugh at me, if you
+please, for uttering what you may consider a foolish opinion, but I look
+upon it as a serious misfortune to them that the two words _Gloire_ and
+_Victoire_ rhyme together: they so constantly occur in that portion
+of their poetry which is the most popular, and the best calculated to
+excite them in a high degree--their _vaudeville_ songs--that the two
+ideas they express have become identical in their minds; and he will
+deserve well of his country who shall discover the means of making
+_glory_ rhyme to _peace_.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"HELP YOURSELF."
+
+The custom of HELPING ONESELF has its sanction in the remotest
+antiquity, and has been continued down to the present day in the highest
+places, and by those whom it especially behoves to set example to the
+world. It was clearly never designed that man should regulate his
+conduct for the good of others, for the first lesson taught to the first
+of men, was to take care of himself; had it been intended that men
+should study the good of each other, a number would surely have been
+simultaneously created for the exercise of the principle, instead of
+one, who, being alone, was essentially selfish. Adam was all the world
+to himself. With the addition of Eve, human society commenced; and the
+fault of our first mother furnishes a grand and terrible example of the
+mischief of thinking of the benefit of another. Satan suggested to her
+that Adam should partake of the fruit--an idea, having in it the taint
+of benevolence, so generally mistaken--whence sin and death came into
+the world. Had Eve been strictly selfish, she would wisely have kept the
+apples to herself, and the evil would have been avoided. Had Adam helped
+himself, he would have had no stomach for the helping of another--and
+so, on his part, the evil temptation had been obviated.
+
+The HELP YOURSELF principle has at no time been extinct in society,
+while it is seen to be a universal law of Nature. The wolf _helps
+himself_ to the lamb, and the lamb to the grass. No animal assists
+another, excepting when in the relation of parent to young, when
+Nature could not dispense with the caprice of benevolence, which in
+this instance, be it observed, distresses the parties susceptible of
+the sentiment; for suckling creatures are always in poor condition.
+Appropriation is the great business of the universe. The institution
+of property is, on the other hand, artificial.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BALLET OF KENILWORTH, AT THE KING'S THEATRE.
+
+There is a very curious and ingenious, though not original, exhibition
+in this ballet. Among the festivities at Kenilworth Castle, in honour
+of the royal guests, a pantomimic "masque" of the gods and goddesses of
+Olympus is introduced. The divinities, instead of appearing in genuine
+Grecian attire, present themselves in the mongrel costume visual on such
+occasions in the time of Queen Elizabeth. This is droll enough, but more
+whimsical still is the style of their dancing. This, too, is meant as an
+imitation of the limited choregraphic _savoir faire_ of the age. It is
+as if Mons. Deshayes had triumphantly intended to portray the first
+dawn of an art which he considers to have now reached the summit of
+perfection. But who knows but the Monsieur _Un tel_ of 1931 may, with
+equal boldness, parody the pirouettes of Monsieur Deshayes? Even the
+music to this mythological interlude is borrowed from ancient scores;
+a happy thought, which deserves commendation.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NEW MAGAZINE.
+
+Mr. Campbell, the Poet, has seceded from the _New Monthly Magazine_,
+and commenced a magazine of his own--_The Metropolitan_. Without
+prejudice to the first-mentioned work, he has our best wishes for his
+new undertaking. The New Monthly Magazine has, however, supplied the
+_Mirror_ with brighter columns than any of its contemporaries, and
+we are mindful of the obligation, especially for that gay and lively
+description of writing which is really the _patter_ of literature.
+It will soon be seen whether Mr. Campbell and his forces succeed.
+The Number before us is, for a first, excellent. The Editor's Paper on
+Ancient Geography, with which it opens, is worth the price of the whole
+magazine: nay, it is worth more than many a modern quarto. Other papers
+are attractive; and there is much of the spirit of the times throughout
+the Number.--Poland, the Political Times, and the Lord Chancellor's
+Levee--are vividly written. The last is a good specimen of the "keep
+moving" style of a Magazine. We intend to quote largely from the
+
+
+_Memoirs of the Macaw of a Lady of Quality_,
+
+BY LADY MORGAN:
+
+I am a native of one of the most splendid regions of the earth, where
+nature dispenses all her bounties with a liberal hand; and where man
+and bird are released from half the penalties to which, in other climes,
+their flesh is heir. I was born in one of those superb forests of fruit
+and flowers so peculiar to the Brazils, which stood at no great distance
+from an Indian village, and was not far removed from an European
+settlement. This forest was impervious to human footsteps. A nation of
+apes occupied the interior; and the dynasty of the Psittacus Severus,
+or Brazilian queen macaw, inhabited the upper regions.--Several
+subject-states of green and yellow parrots constituted our colonial
+neighbours. My family held the highest rank in the privileged classes
+of our oligarchy; for our pride would not admit of a king, and our
+selfishness (so I must call it) would allow of no rights. We talked
+nevertheless in our legislative assemblies of our happy constitution,
+which by tacit agreement we understood to mean "happy for ourselves;"
+but the green and yellow parrots too plainly showed a strong disposition
+to put another interpretation on the phraseology. My paternal nest was
+situated in the hollow of one of the most ancient and lofty trees in the
+forest. It had once been rich in fruit and flowers, gums and odours,
+and all in the same season; and though it was now scathed at the top,
+hollow in the trunk, and was threatened with total ruin from the first
+hurricane, we still preferred it, because it _was_ the oldest. I owed
+all my early impressions, and much of my acquired superiority, to my
+great grandfather, who lived to an extreme old age, and attained a
+celebrity, of which we were ourselves at that time unaware. He was
+the identical bird which was brought from Marignan to Prince Maurice,
+governor of the Brazils, and whose pertinent answers to many silly
+questions are recorded in the pages of the greatest of English
+philosophers. My great grandfather was soon disgusted with the folly
+and cruelty of what is called civilized life; and having seen an Indian
+roasted alive for a false religion's sake, he thought that some day they
+might take it into their heads to do as much by a macaw, for the same
+reason. So he availed himself of an early opportunity of retiring
+without leave from the service, and returned to his native forest, where
+his genius and learning at once raised him to the highest honours of
+the Psittacan aristocracy. Influenced by his example, I early felt the
+desire of visiting foreign countries. My mother too (who, though fond
+and indulgent, like all the mothers of our race, was as vain and foolish
+as any that I have since met with in human society) worked powerfully
+on my ambition, by her constant endeavours to "push me up the tree,"
+as she called it, in her way. I was already a first-rate orator, and a
+member of the great congress of macaws; while in our social re-unions
+I left all the young birds of fashion far behind me: and as I not only
+articulated some human sounds picked up from the Indians, but could
+speak a few words of Portuguese and Dutch, learned by rote from my great
+grandfather, I was considered a genius of high order. With the conceit,
+therefore, of all my noble family, I was prompted to go forth and visit
+other and better worlds, and to seek a sphere better adapted to the
+display of my presumed abilities, than that afforded by our domestic
+senate and home-spun society. On one of those celestial nights, known
+only in the tropical regions, I set forth on my travels, directing my
+course to the Portuguese settlement, which the youthful vigour of my
+wing enabled me to reach by the break of morning. Having refreshed
+myself with a breakfast of fruit, after the exhaustion of my nocturnal
+flight, I ascended a spacious palm tree, which afforded an admirable
+view of the adjacent country, and a desirable shelter from the ardours
+of the rising sun. My first impulse was to take a bird's-eye view of the
+novel scene which lay before me, and I gazed around for some minutes
+with intense delight; but fatigue gradually obtained the mastery over
+curiosity, and, putting my head unconsciously beneath my wing, I fell
+into a profound sleep. How long this continued, I know not; but I was
+suddenly awakened by a strange muttering of unknown voices. I looked,
+and beheld two creatures whose appearance greatly surprised me. They had
+nothing of the noble form and aspect of our Indian neighbours. One of
+them considerably resembled the preacher-monkey in countenance and
+deportment; his head was denuded of hair, and his person was covered by
+a black substance, which left no limb visible except his ancles and
+feet, which were very much like those of an ape. The other had all the
+air of a gigantic parrot: he had a hooked bill, a sharp look, a yellow
+head; and all the rest of his strange figure was party-coloured, blue,
+green, red, and black. I classed him at once as a specimen of the
+Psittacus Ochropterus. The ape and the parrot seemed to have taken
+shelter beneath the palm tree, like myself, for the purposes of shade
+and repose. They had beside them a basket filled with dead game, fruit,
+and honey; and the parrot had a long instrument near him on the ground,
+which I afterwards learned was a fowling-piece. They talked a strange
+jargon of different intonation, like that of the respective chatter of
+the grey and the green parrots. Both seemed to complain, and, by the
+expression of their ugly and roguish faces, to interrogate each other.
+As soon as they went away, I endeavoured to mutter to myself the sounds
+they had uttered, but could retain only two phrases. The one had been
+spoken by the ape, and ran thus--"Shure it was for my sweet sowl's
+sake, jewel;" the other was--"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of the
+siller." I was extremely amused by my acquisition; and, being convinced
+that I was now qualified to present myself at the settlement, was about
+to descend from my altitude, when the two strangers returned: they had
+come back for the gun, which they had left behind them. As they picked
+it up, it went off, and I was startled into one of my loudest screams.
+The strangers looked at me with great delight, he whom I likened to the
+parrot exclaiming--"Weel, mon, what brought you here?" I answered in his
+own words, for want of better--"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of
+the siller." He dropped his piece, and fled in consternation, calling
+lustily--"Its auld clooty himsen, mon, its auld Horny, I tell ye; come
+awa, come awa." His friend, who seemed more acquainted with our species,
+encouraged him to return; and offering me some fruit from his basket,
+said--"Why, Poll, you cratur, what brought you so far from home?" I
+endeavoured to imitate his peculiar tone, and replied--"Why thin it was
+for my sweet sowl's sake, jewel."--"Why then," said my interlocutor,
+coolly (for I never forgot his words) "that bird bates cockfighting."
+They now both endeavoured to catch me. It was all I wanted, and I
+perched on the preaching-monkey's wrist, while he took up the basket
+in his left hand, and in this easy and commodious style of travelling,
+we proceeded. On approaching the settlement, a fierce dispute arose
+between the friends; of which, by each tearing me from the other, I was
+evidently the object; and I am quite sure that I should have been torn
+to pieces between them, but for the timely approach of a person who
+issued from a lofty and handsome edifice on the road side, attended by
+a train of preacher-monkeys, of which he was the chief. He was quite a
+superior looking being to either of my first acquaintance, who cowered
+and shrunk beneath his eagle look. They seemed humbly to lay their cases
+before him; when, after looking contemptuously on both, he took me to
+himself, caressed me, and giving me to an attendant, said--"This bird
+belongs to neither, it is the property of mother church:" and the
+property of mother church I remained for some years. Of my two friends
+of the palm-tree, one, the preacher-monkey, turned out to be a poor
+Irish lay brother, of the convent of which my new master (an Irishman
+too) was the superior. My yellow parrot was a Scotch adventurer, who
+came out to give lectures on _poleetical economy_ to the Brazilians:
+and who, finding that they had no taste for moral science, had become
+a servant of all-work to the brotherhood. My dwelling was a missionary
+house of the Propaganda, established for the purpose of converting
+(i.e. burning) the poor Indians. The Superior, Father Flynn, had
+recently arrived from Lisbon with unlimited powers. He was clever,
+eloquent, witty, and humorous; but panting for a bishopric in his native
+country, he was principally employed in theological writings, which
+might bring him into notice and hasten his recall to Europe.
+
+Next to the servant's hall of a great English family, the first place
+in the world for completing the education of a macaw of genius, is a
+convent. Its idleness and ennui render a monkey, or a parrot, a valuable
+resource; and between what I picked up, and what I was taught by the
+monks of the Propaganda, my acquirements soon became stupendous. Always
+following my kind master from the refectory to the church, assisting at
+mess or at mass, being near him in the seclusion of the oratory, and in
+the festivities, he frequently held with his more confidential friends;
+I had loaded my astonishing memory with scraps of theology and of fun.
+I could sing a French drinking song, taught me by the sub-prior Frere
+Jacques, and intonate a "Gloria in Excelsis" with a true nasal twang.
+I had actually learned the Creed in English;[3] and could call all the
+brothers by their name. I had even learned the Savoyard's dance from
+my friend Frère Jacques, and sung "Gai Coco" at the same time, like
+Scaliger's parrot, from whose history Frère Jacques took the idea
+of teaching me. I did this, it must be acknowledged, with great
+awkwardness, turning in my toes, and often tumbling backwards in a
+clumsy and ludicrous way. But this amused my religious friends more than
+all the rest; for, like the great, they loved a ridicule as well as a
+talent; and, provided they were amused, were not nice as to the means.
+My fame soon began to spread on all sides, and the anecdotes told of the
+macaw of the Propaganda soon reached the circles of the Governor of the
+Brazils, who wrote to request the pleasure of my company for a few weeks
+at the palace. This was a compliment which he had never paid to the
+learned superior of the order, and my master was evidently hurt. He
+declined therefore the invitation for me, on the plea that he would
+soon visit Rio Janeiro himself, when I should accompany him into the
+vice-regal presence.
+
+This visit shortly took place, not for the object supposed by the
+community, (who parted with me, even for a short time, with great
+regret,) but for another purpose. The British ambassador, Lord ----, who
+had recently arrived at Rio, was a countryman of Father Flynn's. He
+enjoyed eminent literary celebrity, was a delightful poet, and well
+acquainted with the Portuguese language. The superior had no doubt that
+his own literary and theological merits were equally known to his
+excellency, whom he visited with a view to negotiating a passage in the
+British man of war; for he had been called on a secret mission to
+Ireland, and wished to depart without notifying his intention to the
+subaltern of the Propaganda. I was not included in the muster-roll of
+this expedition; but anxious to lose no opportunity of seeing the world,
+and desirous of beholding the Governor, who had shown his taste and
+politeness by inviting me to his court, I contrived to nestle myself in
+the carriage without the superior's knowledge, and followed his steps to
+the very ante-room of the embassy. It was too late to send me back; for
+I was instantly seized by a company of pretty young animals, the very
+reverse in appearance of the preacher-monkeys of the Propaganda; they
+all seemed to find in me a kindred soul: my master was ushered into the
+cabinet, and I was left with my new acquaintance, who were called
+"_attachés_," but whom I at once classed with the secretary-birds,[4]
+while here and there, I thought, was mingled among them a specimen of
+the booby, or Pelicanus Sula. Two of these mischievous creatures seemed
+to delight in tormenting me from mere idleness and ennui, which I bore
+for some time with great patience, as I saw the boobies pay them much
+respect. One was called Lord Charles, and the other the Hon. Mr. Henry.
+I learned these names with facility, and contrived to repeat them, as
+they had been taught me, by the frequent iteration of one of the
+boobies.
+
+    [3] "Rhodoginus mentions a parrot which could recite correctly the
+        whole of the Apostle's Creed."--Animal Biography, by the Rev.
+        W. Bingley.
+
+
+    [4] "The Dutch," says Le Vaillant, "give this bird the name of
+        Secretary, on account of the bunch of quills behind its
+        head."--Bingley, Animal Biography.
+
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+  SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRISONS.
+
+We had formerly in the Tower of London, a straight room or dungeon,
+called, from the misery the unhappy occupiers of this very confined
+place endured, the Little-Ease. But this will appear a luxurious
+habitation, when compared with the inventions of Louis XI. of France,
+with his iron cages, in which persons of rank lay for whole years;
+or his oubliettes, dungeons made in the form of reversed cones,
+with concealed trap-doors, down which dropped the unhappy victims
+of the tyrant, brought there by Tristam L'Hermite, his companion and
+executioner in ordinary; sometimes their sides were plain, sometimes
+set with knives, or sharp-edged wheels; but in either cases they were
+complete _oubliettes;_ the devoted were certain to fall into the land
+where all things are forgotten.--(_Pennant's London._)
+
+When the Bastille of France was demolished, three iron cages were
+discovered, they were made of strong bars of iron, about eight feet high
+and six feet wide, and such have been used in other prisons in that
+country. The Bishop of Verdun, according to Mezeray, was the inventer,
+and was himself the first man confined in them, and remained a prisoner
+thus for eleven years, so that he could speak practically as to his own
+invention.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FEMALE LEANDER.
+
+The Duchess of Chevereux, who was for the first time at the court of
+England, in 1638, swam across the Thames, in a frolic, near Windsor. On
+this occasion some verses were composed by a Sir J. M. containing these
+lines:--
+
+  But her chaste breast, cold as the cloyster'd nun,
+  Whose frost to chrystal might congeal the sun,
+  So glar'd the stream, that pilots, there afloat,
+  Thought they might safely land without a boat;
+  July had seen the Thames in ice involv'd,
+  Had it not been by her own beams dissolv'd.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BIRTHDAY PRAYER.
+
+The observance of a birthday by _prayer_ is not altogether incurious
+in these days of license; and the following specimen, quoted from the
+_Diary_ of that truly good man, JOHN EVELYN, may be entertained as the
+genuine effusion of piety, unmixed with any alloy of fanaticism, or
+religious enthusiasm:--
+
+_Oct_. 31, 1689.--My birthday, being now 69 years old. Blessed Father
+who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to see so
+great and wonderful revolutions, and preserved me amidst them to this
+moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and
+thankful acknowledgements, and grant me grace to be working out my
+salvation and redeeming the time, that thou mayest be glorified by me
+here, and my soul immortal saved, whenever thou shalt call for it to
+perpetuate thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where
+there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest and peace, and joy
+and consummate felicity for ever. Grant this, O Heavenly Father, for
+the sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Saviour. Amen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CURIOUS LETTER,
+
+_From a country squire, in the 18th century, to a gentleman in London,
+who had written to him concerning the character of a Servant._
+
+"Sir--Yours I receiv'd the 24th of this present instant, June, and, at
+your request, will give you an impartial account of my man, John Gray's
+character. He is a shoemaker, or cordwainer, which you please to call
+it, by trade, and now in our town; he is following the carding business
+for every one that wants him; he served his time at a town called
+Binstock, in Northamptonshire; and from thence the Great Addington
+journeyman, to this occupation, as before mentioned, and used to come to
+my house, and found, by riding my horses to water, that he rode a horse
+pretty well; which was not at all mistaken, for he rides a horse well:
+and he looks after a kennel of hounds very well, and finds a hare very
+well: he hath no judgement in hunting a pack of hounds now, though he
+rides well, he don't with discretion, for he don't know how to make the
+most of a horse; but a very harey-starey fellow: will ride over a church
+if in his way, though he may prevent a leap by having a gap within ten
+yards of him; and if you are not in the field with himself, when you are
+hunting to tutor him about riding, he will kill all the horses you have
+in the stable in one month, for he hath killed downright, and lamed so
+that they will never be fit for use, no more than five horses since he
+has hunted my hounds, which is two years and upwards; he can talk no dog
+language to a hound; he hath no voice; speaks to a hound such as if his
+head were in a churn; nor neither does he know how to draw a hound when
+they are at a loss, no more than a child of seven years old. As to his
+honesty, I always found him honest till about a week ago. I sent my
+servant that I have now to fetch some sheep's feet from Mr. Stranjan,
+of Higham Ferrers, where Gray used to go for feet, and I always send
+my money by the man that brings the feet; and Stranjan told my man that
+I have now that I owed him money for feet; and when the man came home
+he told me, and I went to Stranjan, and then I found the truth of the
+matter. Gray had kept the money in his hands, and had never paid
+Stranjan: he had along with me once for a letter, in order for his
+character, to give him one, but I told him I could not give him a good
+one, so I would not write at all. Gray is a very great drunkard, can't
+keep a penny in his pocket: a sad notorious lyar. If you send him upon
+a mile or two from Uphingham, he will get drunk, stay all day, and never
+come home while the middle of the night, or such time as he knows his
+master is in bed. He can nor will not keep any secret; neither has he
+so much wit as other people, for the fellow is half a fool, for if you
+would have business done with expedition, if he once gets out of the
+town, or sight of you, shall see him no more, while the next morning he
+serves me so and so: you must expect the same if you hire him. I use you
+just as I would be used myself; it I desired a character of you of a
+servant, that I had design'd to hire of yours, as to let you know the
+truth of every thing about him.
+
+"I am, sir, your most humble servant to command.
+
+"_Great Addington, June_ 28, 1734.
+
+"P.S. He takes good care of his horses, with good looking after as
+to the dressing of them; but if you don't take care, he will fill the
+manger full of corn, so that he will clog the horses, and ruin the whole
+stable of horses."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+_Upon two religious disputants who are interred within a few paces of
+each other._
+
+
+  Suspended here, a contest see,
+  Of two whose creeds cou'd ne'er agree,
+  For whether they would preach or pray,
+  They'd do it in a different way;
+  And they wou'd fain our fate deny'd,
+  In quite a different manner dy'd!
+  Yet think not that their rancour's o'er,
+  No! for 'tis ten to one, and more,
+  Tho' quiet now as either lies,
+  But they've a wrangle when they rise.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONGEVITY.
+
+In St. Michael's churchyard, at Litchfield, an ancient tombstone was
+lately discovered, which had been buried in the earth a great number
+of years. Upon it are deeply cut the following inscriptions:--
+
+      Here lyes the Body
+      of William Clarke,
+    who was Clarke of this
+  Church 51 years, and buried
+   March 25th, 1525, aged 96.
+
+      Here lyes the Body
+      of William Clarke,
+   Clarke of this Church 71
+  years, who died Septem. 26,
+      1562, and aged 86.
+
+
+The father lived in the reigns of six different kings, viz. Henry the
+Sixth, Edwards the Fourth and Fifth, Richard the Third, and Henry the
+Seventh and Eighth. The son in seven reigns, viz. from Edward the Fourth
+to Mary the First.
+
+_Morning Chronicle, October 8, 1822._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES
+
+_Written by a ragged Irishman, a passenger on board a vessel with the
+Archbishop of Tuam._
+
+  If each man had his suum,
+  You would not have Tuam,
+  But I should get meum,
+  And sing a _Te Deum_.
+
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAY.
+
+The following verses were composed by John Barbour, a poet and divine,
+who was born at Aberdeen in 1330. They afford a specimen of the poetry
+in his time:--
+
+
+  "This was in midst of month of May,
+  When birdis sing on ilka spray,
+  Melland[5] their notes, with seemly soun,
+  For softness of the sweet seasoun.
+
+  "And leavis of the branchis spreeds,
+  And blomis bright, beside them, breeds
+  And Fieldis strawed are with flow'rs
+  Well savouring of seir[6] colours;
+  And all things wor this, blyth, and gay."
+
+
+P.T.W.
+
+    [5] Mingling.
+
+    [6] Their.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POPULAR SCIENCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This Day is published, price 5s.
+
+ARCANA of SCIENCE, and ANNUAL REGISTER of the USEFUL ARTS for 1831.
+
+"This is the fourth annual volume of a most useful compilation of the
+various discoveries in science or inventions of art during the preceding
+year. The volume commences, very properly, with an abridgment of what
+may be termed the greatest work of art which has distinguished the
+present century--the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Various other
+improvements in the different departments of the arts which have
+appeared in the several scientific journals of the last year, are here
+presented in a condensed form, so as to render the volume, in reality,
+an excellent book of reference. The object of the editor seems to have
+been that of blending entertainment with valuable information, the work
+being illustrated by many neat engravings relating to the popular
+branches of science. The volume, therefore, contains a very interesting
+compendium of information for young people."--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+Printed for JOHN LIMBIRD, 143, Strand;--of whom may be had the Volumes
+for the three preceding years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers._
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT,
+AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 17, NO. 488, MAY 7, 1831***
+
+
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831, by Various</title>
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831, by Various</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831</p>
+<p>Author: Various</p>
+<p>Release Date: June 18, 2004  [eBook #12650]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: iso-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 17, NO. 488, MAY 7, 1831***</p>
+<br />
+<br />
+<h4>E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia,<br />
+    and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team</h4>
+<br />
+<br />
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page305" name="page305"></a>[pg 305]</span>
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XVII, NO. 488.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1831.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/488-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/488-1.png"
+alt="St. George's Chapel, Windsor." /></a>
+ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+</div>
+<h2>
+	ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+</h2>
+<p>
+This venerable structure, as we explained in No. 486 of <i>The Mirror</i>, is
+situated in the lower ward or court of Windsor Castle. It stands in the
+centre, and in a manner, divides the court into two parts. On the north
+or inner side are the houses and apartments of the Dean and Canons of
+St. George's Chapel, with those of the minor canons, clerks, and other
+officers; and on the south and west sides of the outer part are the
+houses of the Poor Knights of Windsor.
+</p>
+<p>
+The Engraving represents the south front of the Chapel as it presents
+itself to the passenger through Henry the Eighth's Gateway, the
+principal entrance to the Lower Ward. The entrance to the Chapel, as
+shown in the Engraving, is that generally used, and was formed by
+command of George the Fourth; through which his Majesty's remains were
+borne, according to a wish expressed some time previous to his death.
+</p>
+<p>
+The exterior of the Chapel requires but few descriptive details. The
+interior will be found in our last volume.
+</p>
+<p>
+It is a beautiful structure, in the purest style of the Pointed
+architecture, and was founded by Edward the Third, in 1377, for the
+honour of the Order of the Garter. But however noble the first design,
+it was improved by Edward the Fourth and Henry the Seventh, in whose
+reign the famous Sir Reg. Bray, K.G., assisted in ornamenting the chapel
+and completing the roof. The architecture of the inside has ever been
+esteemed for its great beauty; and, in particular, the stone vaulting is
+reckoned an excellent piece of workmanship. It is an ellipsis, supported
+by lofty pillars, whose ribs and groins sustain the whole roof, every
+part of which has some different device well finished, as the arms of
+several of our kings, great families, &amp;c. On each side of the choir are
+the stalls of the Sovereign and Knights of the Garter,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page306" name="page306"></a>[pg 306]</span>
+with the helmet,
+mantling, crest, and sword of each knight, set up over his stall, on a
+canopy of ancient carving curiously wrought. Over the canopy is affixed
+the banner of each knight blazoned on silk, and on the backs of the
+stalls are the titles of the knights, with their arms neatly engraved
+and emblazoned on copper.
+</p>
+<p>
+There are several small chapels in this edifice, in which are the
+monuments of many illustrious persons; particularly of Edward, Earl
+of Lincoln, a renowned naval warrior; George Manners, Lord Roos, and
+Anne, his consort, niece of Edward the Fourth; Anne, Duchess of Exeter,
+mother of that lady, and sister to the king; Sir Reginald Bray, before
+mentioned; and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married the sister
+of King Henry the Eighth.
+</p>
+<p>
+At the east end of St. George's Chapel is a freestone edifice, built by
+Henry the Seventh, as a burial-place for himself and his successors; but
+afterwards altering his purpose, he began the more noble structure at
+Westminster; and this remained neglected until Cardinal Wolsey obtained
+a grant of it from Henry the Eighth, and, with a profusion of expense,
+began here a sumptuous monument for himself, whence this building
+obtained the name of Wolsey's <i>Tomb House</i>. This monument was so
+magnificently built, that it exceeded that of Henry the Seventh, in
+Westminster Abbey; and at the time of the cardinal's disgrace, the tomb
+was so far executed, that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, received
+4,250 ducats for what he had already done; and 380l. 18s. had been paid
+for gilding only half of this monument. The cardinal dying soon after
+his disgrace, was buried in the cathedral at York, and the monument
+remained unfinished. In 1646, the statues and figures of gilt copper,
+of exquisite workmanship, were sold. James the Second converted this
+building into a Popish chapel, and mass was publicly performed here.
+The ceiling was painted by Verrio, and the walls were finely ornamented
+and painted; but the whole having been neglected since the reign of
+James the Second, it fell into a complete state of decay, from which,
+however, it was some years ago retrieved by George the Third, who had it
+magnificently completed (under the direction of the late James Wyatt,
+Esq.) in accordance with the original style, and a <i>mausoleum</i>
+constructed within, as a burial-place for the royal family.
+</p>
+<p>
+Windsor Castle, as the reader may recollect, was magnificently re-built
+by William of Wykeham, who was Clerk of the Works to Edward the Third,
+in 1356. Little now remains of Wykeham's workmanship, save the round
+tower, and this has just been raised considerably. Wykeham had power
+to press all sorts of artificers, and to provide stone, timber, and all
+necessary materials for conveyance and erection. Indeed, Edward caused
+workmen to be impressed out of London and several counties, to the
+number of five or six hundred, by writs directed to the various
+sheriff's, who were commanded to take security of the masons and
+joiners, that they should not leave Windsor without permission of
+the architect. What a contrast are these strong measures with the
+scrutinized votes of money recently made for the renovation of the
+Castle!
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	ORIGIN OF THE WORD ALBION.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>
+To the elucidation of the word Britannia, contained in your 486th
+number, I beg to add the opinion of the same author on the subject
+of Albion:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+"Albion (the most ancient name of this Isle) containeth Englande and
+Scotlande: of the beginning (origin) of which name haue been sundrie
+opinios (opinions): One late feigned by him, which first prynted the
+Englishe Chronicle,<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> wherein is neither similitude of trouth, reasone,
+nor honestie: I mean the fable of the fiftie doughters of Dioclesian,
+kyng of Syria, where neuer any other historic maketh mencion of a kyng
+of Syria, so named: Also that name is Greke, and no part of the language
+of Syria. Moreouer the coming of theim from Syria in a shippe or boate
+without any marynours (mariners) thorowe (through) the sea called
+<i>Mediterraneum</i>, into the occean, and so finally to finde this He, and
+to inhabit it, * * * * is both impossible, and much reproche to this
+noble Realme, to ascribe hir first name and habitation, to such
+inuention. Another opinion is (which hath a more honeste similitude)
+that it was named <i>Albion, ab albis rupibus</i>, of white rockes, because
+that unto them, that come by sea, the bankes and rockes of this He doe
+appeare whyte. Of this opinion I moste mervayle (marvel), because it is
+written of great learned men, First, <i>Albion</i> is no latin worde, nor
+hath the analogie, that is to saie, proportion or similitude of latine.
+For who hath founde this syllable <i>on</i>, at the ende of a latin woord.
+And if it should have bæn
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page307" name="page307"></a>[pg 307]</span>
+(been) so called for the whyte colour of the
+rockes, men would have called called it (I believe this to be a
+misprint) <i>Alba</i>, or <i>Albus</i>, or Album. In Italy were townes called
+Alba<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> and in Asia a countrey called Albania, and neither of them took
+their beginning of whyte rockes, or walles, as ye may read in books of
+geographic: nor the water of the ryuer called <i>Albis</i>, semeth any whiter
+than other water. But if where auncient remembraunce of the beginning
+of thinges lacketh, it may be leeful for men to use their conjectures,
+than may myne be as well accepted as Plinies (although he incomparably
+excelled me in wisedome e doctrine) specially if it may appéer, that
+my coiecture (conjecture) shal approch more neere to the similitude
+of trouth. Wherfore I will also sett foorth mine opinion onely to
+the intent to exclude fables, lackyng eyther honestie or reasonable
+similitudes. Whan the Greekes began first to prosper, and their cities
+became populous, and wared puissaunt, they which trauailed on the seas,
+and also the yles in the seas called <i>Hellespontus, Æigeum and Creticu</i>
+(m), after that thei knewe perfectly the course of sailynge, and had
+founden thereby profyte, they by little and little attempted to serch
+and finde out the commodities of outwarde countrees: and like as
+Spaniardes and Portugalls haue late doone, they experienced to seeke out
+countries before unknown. And at laste passynge the streictes of
+Marrocke (Morocco) they entered into the great occean sea, where they
+fond (found) dyvers and many Iles. Among which they perceiuing this Ile
+to be not onely the greatest in circuite, but also most plenteouse of
+every necessary to man, the earth moste apte to bring forth," &amp;c. The
+learned prelate goes on to enumerate the natural advantages of our
+country. He continues&mdash;"They wanderynge and reioysinge at their good and
+fortunate arrival, named this yle in Greeke <i>Olbion</i>, which in Englishe
+signifieth happy."
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Foley Place.</i>
+</p>
+<h4>
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	LINES.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Preach to the storm, or reason with despair,</p>
+           <p>  But tell not misery's son that life is fair"</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  H.K. WHITE.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  I mark'd his eye&mdash;it beam'd with gladness,</p>
+           <p>  His ceaseless smile and joyous air,</p>
+           <p>  His infant soul had ne'er felt sadness,</p>
+           <p>  Nor kenn'd he yet but <i>life was fair.</i></p>
+           <p>  His chubby cheek with genuine mirth</p>
+           <p>  Blown out&mdash;while all around him smiled,</p>
+           <p>  And fairy-land to him seemed earth,</p>
+           <p>  I envied him, unwitting child.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  I look'd again&mdash;his eye was flush'd</p>
+           <p>  With passion proud and deep delight,</p>
+           <p>  But often o'er his brow there gush'd</p>
+           <p>  A blackened cloud which made it night,</p>
+           <p>  But still the cloud would wear away,</p>
+           <p>  (His youthful cheek was red and rare,)</p>
+           <p>  And still his heart beat light and gay,</p>
+           <p>  Still did he fancy <i>life was fair.</i></p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Again I looked&mdash;another change&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  The darkened eye, the visage wan,</p>
+           <p>  Told me that sorrow had been there,</p>
+           <p>  Told me that time had made him man.</p>
+           <p>  His brow was overcast, and deep</p>
+           <p>  Had care, the demon, furrow'd there,</p>
+           <p>  I heard him sigh with anguish deep,</p>
+           <p>  "<i>Oh! tell me not that life is fair.</i>"</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+	COLBOURNE.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	BIRTHPLACE OF LOCKE.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>To the Editor.</i>)
+</center>
+<p>
+The philosopher was born in the room lighted by the upper window on the
+right, in your Engraving No. 487. It is a small, plain apartment, having
+few indications of former respectability.
+</p>
+<p>
+In the garden of Barley Wood, near Wrington, the residence of the
+religious and sentimental Hannah More, stands an urn commemorative
+of Locke, the gift of Mrs. Montague, with the following inscription:
+</p>
+<center>
+To<br />
+JOHN LOCKE,<br />
+Born in this village.<br />
+This memorial is erected<br />
+by<br />
+Mrs. Montague,<br />
+and presented to<br />
+HANNAH MORE.<br />
+</center>
+<h4>
+	J. SILVESTER.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE SELECTOR,<br /> AND<br /> LITERARY NOTICES OF<br /> <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	A FUNERAL AT SEA.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We quote the following "last scene of poor Jack's eventful history" from
+Capt. Basil Hall's <i>Fragments of Voyages and Travel</i>, a work, observes
+the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, "sure sooner or later, to be in everybody's
+hands."
+</p>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page308" name="page308"></a>[pg 308]</span>
+"It need not be mentioned, that the surgeon is in constant attendance
+upon the dying man, who has generally been removed from his hammock to a
+cot, which is larger and more commodious, and is placed within a screen
+on one side of the sick bay, as the hospital of the ship is called. It
+is usual for the captain to pass through this place, and to speak to the
+men every morning; and I imagine there is hardly a ship in the service
+in which wine, fresh meat, and any other supplies recommended by the
+surgeon, are not sent from the tables of the captain and officers to
+such of the sick men as require a more generous diet than the ship's
+stores provided. After the carver in the gun-room has helped his
+messmates, he generally turns to the surgeon, and says, 'Doctor, what
+shall I send to the sick?' But, even without this, the steward would
+certainly be taken to task were he to omit inquiring, as a matter of
+course, what was wanted in the sick bay. The restoration of the health
+of the invalids by such supplies is perhaps not more important, however,
+than the moral influence of the attention on the part of the officers.
+I would strongly recommend every captain to be seen (no matter for how
+short a time) by the bed-side of any of his crew whom the surgeon may
+report as dying. Not occasionally, and in the flourishing style with
+which we read of great generals visiting hospitals, but uniformly and in
+the quiet sobriety of real kindness, as well as hearty consideration for
+the feelings of a man falling at his post in the service of his country.
+He who is killed in action has a brilliant Gazette to record his
+exploits, and the whole country may be said to attend his death-bed. But
+the merit is not less&mdash;or may even be much greater&mdash;of the soldier or
+sailor who dies of a fever in a distant land&mdash;his story untold, and his
+sufferings unseen. In warring against climates unsuited to his frame,
+he may have encountered, in the public service, enemies often more
+formidable than those who handle pike and gun. There should be nothing
+left undone, therefore, at such a time, to show not only to the dying
+man, but to his shipmates and his family at home, that his services are
+appreciated. I remembered, on one occasion, hearing the captain of a
+ship say to a poor fellow who was almost gone, that he was glad to see
+him so cheerful at such a moment; and begged to know if he had anything
+to say. 'I hope, sir,' said the expiring seaman with a smile, 'I have
+done my duty to your satisfaction;' 'That you have, my lad,' said his
+commander, 'and to the satisfaction of your country, too.' 'That is all
+I wanted to know, sir,' replied the man. These few commonplace words
+cost the captain not five minutes of his time, but were long recollected
+with gratitude by the people under his orders, and contributed, along
+with many other graceful acts of considerate attention, to fix his
+authority.
+</p>
+<p>
+"If a sailor who knows he is dying, has a captain who pleases him,
+he is very likely to send a message by the surgeon to beg a visit&mdash;not
+often to trouble his commander with any commission, but merely to say
+something at parting. No officer, of course, would ever refuse to grant
+such an interview, but it appears to me it should always be volunteered;
+for many men may wish it, whose habitual respect would disincline them
+to take such a liberty, even at the moment when all distinctions are
+about to cease.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Very shortly after poor Jack dies, he is prepared for his deep-sea
+grave by his messmates, who, with the assistance of the sailmaker, and
+in the presence of the master-at-arms, sew him up in his hammock, and,
+having placed a couple of cannon-shot at his feet, they rest the body
+(which now not a little resembles an Egyptian mummy) on a spare grating.
+Some portion of the bedding and clothes are always made up in the
+package&mdash;apparently to prevent the form being too much seen. It is then
+carried aft, and, being placed across the after-hatchway, the union
+jack is thrown over all. Sometimes it is placed between two of the guns,
+under the half deck; bat generally, I think, he is laid where I have
+mentioned, just abaft the mainmast. I should have mentioned before, that
+as soon as the surgeon's ineffectual professional offices are at an end,
+he walks to the quarter-deck, and reports to the officer of the watch
+that one of his patients has just expired. At whatever hour of the day
+or night this occurs, the captain is immediately made acquainted with
+the circumstance.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Next day, generally about eleven o'clock, the bell on which the
+half-hours are struck, is tolled for the funeral, and all who choose
+to be present, assemble on the gangways, booms, and round the mainmast,
+while the forepart of the quarter-deck is occupied by the officers. In
+some ships&mdash;and it ought perhaps to be so in all&mdash;it is made imperative
+on the officers and crew to attend the ceremony. If such attendance be
+a proper mark of respect to a professional
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page309" name="page309"></a>[pg 309]</span>
+brother&mdash;as it surely is&mdash;it
+ought to be enforced, and not left to caprice. There may, indeed, be
+times of great fatigue, when it would harass men and officers,
+needlessly, to oblige them to come on deck for every funeral, and upon
+such occasions the watch on deck may be sufficient. Or, when some dire
+disease gets into a ship, and is cutting down her crew by its daily and
+nightly, or it maybe hourly ravages, and when, two or three times in a
+watch, the ceremony must be repeated, those only, whose turn it is to be
+on deck, need be assembled. In such fearful times, the funeral is
+generally made to follow close upon the death.
+</p>
+<p>
+"While the people are repairing to the quarter-deck, in obedience to
+the summons of the bell, the grating on which the body is placed, being
+lifted from the main-deck by the messmates of the man who has died, is
+made to rest across the lee-gangway. The stanchions for the man-ropes
+of the side are unshipped, and an opening made at the after-end of the
+hammock netting, sufficiently large to allow a free passage. The body is
+still covered by the flag already mentioned, with the feet projecting
+a little over the gunwale, while the messmates of the deceased arrange
+themselves on each side. A rope, which is kept out of sight in these
+arrangements, is then made fast to the grating, for a purpose which will
+be seen presently. When all is ready, the chaplain, if there be one on
+board, or, if not, the captain, or any of the officers he may direct
+to officiate, appears on the quarter-deck and commences the beautiful
+service, which, though but too familiar to most ears, I have observed,
+never fails to rivet the attention even of the rudest and least
+reflecting. Of course, the bell has ceased to toll, and every one stands
+in silence and uncovered as the prayers are read. Sailors, with all
+their looseness of habits, are well disposed to be sincerely religious;
+and when they have fair play given them, they will always, I believe,
+be found to stand on as good vantage ground, in this respect, as their
+fellow-countrymen on shore. Be this as it may, there can be no more
+attentive, or apparently reverent auditory, than assembles on the deck
+of a ship of war, on the occasion of a shipmate's burial.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The land service for the burial of the dead contains the following
+words: 'Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God, of his great mercy,
+to take unto himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we
+therefore commit his body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to
+ashes, dust to dust; in sure and certain hope,' &amp;c. Every one I am
+sure, who has attended the funeral of a friend&mdash;and whom will this not
+include?&mdash;must recollect the solemnity of that stage of the ceremony,
+where, as the above words are pronounced, there are cast into the grave
+three successive portions of earth, which, falling on the coffin, send
+up a hollow, mournful sound, resembling no other that I know. In the
+burial service at sea, the part quoted above is varied in the following
+very striking and solemn manner:&mdash;'Forasmuch,' &amp;c.&mdash;'we therefore commit
+his body to the deep, to be turned into corruption, looking for the
+resurrection of the body, when the sea shall give up her dead, and the
+life of the world to come,' &amp;c. At the commencement of this part of the
+service, one of the seamen stoops down, and disengages the flag from the
+remains of his late shipmate, while the others, at the words 'we commit
+his body to the deep,' project the grating right into the sea. The body
+being loaded with shot at one end, glances off the grating, plunges at
+once into the ocean, and&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "'In a moment, like a drop of rain,</p>
+           <p>  He sinks into its depths with bubbling groan,</p>
+           <p>  Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown.'</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+"This part of the ceremony is rather less impressive than the
+correspondent part on land; but still there is something solemn, as
+well as startling, in the sudden splash, followed by the sound of the
+grating, as it is towed along under the main-chains.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In a fine day at sea, in smooth water, and when all the ship's company
+and officers are assembled, the ceremony just described, although a
+melancholy one, as it must always be, is often so pleasing, all things
+considered, that it is calculated to leave even cheerful impressions on
+the mind."
+</p>
+<p>
+(Even Captain Hall, however, admits that a sea-funeral may sometimes
+be a scene of unmixed sadness; and he records the following as the most
+impressive of all the hundreds he has witnessed. It occurred in the
+Leander, off the coast of North America.)
+</p>
+<p>
+"There was a poor little middy on board, so delicate and fragile, that
+the sea was clearly no fit profession for him; but he or his friends
+thought otherwise; and as he had a spirit for which his frame was no
+match, he soon gave token of decay. This boy was a great favourite with
+every body&mdash;the sailors smiled whenever he passed, as they
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page310" name="page310"></a>[pg 310]</span>
+would have
+done to a child&mdash;the officers petted him, and coddled him up with
+all sorts of good things&mdash;and his messmates, in a style which did not
+altogether please him, but which he could not well resist, as it was
+meant most kindly, nicknamed him Dolly. Poor fellow!&mdash;he was long
+remembered afterwards. I forget what his particular complaint was, but
+he gradually sunk; and at last went out just as a taper might have done,
+exposed to such gusts of wind as blew in that tempestuous region. He
+died in the morning; but it was not until the evening that he was
+prepared for a seaman's grave.
+</p>
+<p>
+"I remember, in the course of the day, going to the side of the boy's
+hammock, and on laying my hand upon his breast, was astonished to find
+it still warm&mdash;so much so, that I almost imagined I could feel the heart
+beat. This, of course, was a vain fancy; but I was much attached to my
+little companion, being then not much taller myself&mdash;and I was soothed
+and gratified, in a childish way, by discovering that my friend, though
+many hours dead, had not yet acquired the usual revolting chillness.
+</p>
+<p>
+"In after years I have sometimes thought of this incident, when
+reflecting on the pleasing doctrine of the Spaniards&mdash;that as soon as
+children die, they are translated into angels, without any of those cold
+obstructions, which, they pretend, intercept and retard the souls of
+other mortals. The peculiar circumstances connected with the funeral
+which I am about to describe, and the fanciful superstitions of the
+sailors upon the occasion, have combined to fix the whole scene in
+my memory.
+</p>
+<p>
+"Something occurred during the day to prevent the funeral taking place
+at the usual hour, and the ceremony was deferred till long after sunset.
+The evening was extremely dark, and it was blowing a treble-reefed
+topsail breeze. We had just sent down the top-gallant yards, and made
+all snug for a boisterous winter's night. As it became necessary to have
+lights to see what was done, several signal lanterns were placed on the
+break of the quarter-deck, and others along the hammock railings on the
+lee-gangway. The whole ship's company and officers were assembled, some
+on the booms, others in the boats; while the main-rigging was crowded
+half way up to the cat-harpings. Over-head, the mainsail, illuminated
+as high as the yard by the lamps, was bulging forwards under the gale,
+which was rising every minute, and straining so violently at the
+main-sheet, that there was some doubt whether it might not be necessary
+to interrupt the funeral in order to take sail off the ship. The lower
+deck ports lay completely under water, and several times the muzzles of
+the main-deck guns were plunged into the sea; so that the end of the
+grating on which the remains of poor Dolly were laid, once or twice
+nearly touched the tops of the waves, as they foamed and hissed past.
+The rain fell fast on the bare heads of the crew, dropping also on the
+officers, during all the ceremony, from the foot of the mainsail, and
+wetting the leaves of the prayer-book. The wind sighed over us amongst
+the wet shrouds, with a note so mournful, that there could not have been
+a more appropriate dirge.
+</p>
+<p>
+"The ship&mdash;pitching violently&mdash;strained and creaked from end to end: so
+that, what with the noise of the sea, the rattling of the ropes, and the
+whistling of the wind, hardly one word of the service could be
+distinguished. The men, however, understood, by a motion of the
+captain's hand, when the time came&mdash;and the body of our dear little
+brother was committed to the deep.
+</p>
+<p>
+"So violent a squall was sweeping past the ship at this moment, that no
+sound was heard of the usual splash, which made the sailors allege that
+their young favourite never touched the water at all, but was at once
+carried off in the gale to his final resting-place!"
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE TOPOGRAPHER.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.
+</h3>
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i8">                       Either shore</p>
+           <p>  Presents its combination to the view</p>
+           <p>  Of all that interests, delights, enchants;&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  Corn-waving fields, and pastures green, and slope,</p>
+           <p>  And swell alternate, summits crown'd with leaf,</p>
+           <p>  And grave-encircled mansions, verdant capes,</p>
+           <p>  The beach, the inn, the farm, the mill, the path,</p>
+           <p>  And tinkling rivulets, and waters wide,</p>
+           <p>  Spreading in lake-like mirrors to the sun.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  N.T. CARRINGTON.</p>
+</div></div>
+<center>
+<i>Swansea Bay:&mdash;Scenery and Antiquities of Gower.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+The coast scenery of the western portion of Glamorgan is of singular
+beauty. We shall ever recall with delight our recollections of Gower,
+and we believe the future tourist will thank us for the outline of the
+more prominent beauties in the circle of the district, which we now
+give. Let us suppose ourselves at Swansea, and start on an excursion to
+the Mumbles and Caswell Bay. A road has been formed within these few
+years
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page311" name="page311"></a>[pg 311]</span>
+to the village of Oystermouth, about five miles from Swansea.
+It is perfectly level, bounded by a tram-road, and runs close to the
+sea-beach, forming the western side of Swansea Bay. The encroachments
+of the sea have been very extensive here; at high water shipping now
+traverse what was fifty years ago, we are told, a marshy flat, bordered
+by a wood near the present road, the stumps of which yet appear on the
+sandy beach. We have several times on riding to low water mark (about
+three quarters of a mile out) been nearly involved in a quick-sand
+adventure. Landward, the ground is broken and elevated, and thickly
+studded with gentlemen's seats the whole distance; many of which are
+embosomed in wood, and have a beautiful effect. Marino, an extensive
+new mansion in the Elizabethan or old English style of architecture,
+belonging to Mr. J.H. Vivian, and Woodlands Castle, the seat of General
+Warde, which is very picturesque, are particularly deserving of
+attention. After passing the hamlet of Norton, you near Oystermouth
+Castle, an extensive and splendid Gothic ruin, in fine preservation,
+which rears its "ivy-mantled" walls, above an eminence adjoining the
+road. Some suppose it to have been built by Henry de Newburgh, Earl
+of Warwick, in Henry the First's reign; others ascribe it on better
+authority to the Lords Braose, of Gower, in the reign of John; it is now
+the property of the Duke of Beaufort, whose care in its preservation
+cannot be too much commended. The inspection of this interesting ruin
+will repay the traveller:
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  By the grim storm-clouds overcast,</p>
+           <p>  Even like a spectre of the past,&mdash;</p>
+           <p>  Of rapine, feudal strife, and blood,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Thou tellest an old, wild, warlike story,</p>
+           <p>  When squadrons on thy ramparts stood,</p>
+<p class="i2">    With spear and shield in martial glory!</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  DELTA.</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+The walls are very lofty and not much injured by time; the plan of the
+various chambers, extensive vaults and chambers in the inner courtyard,
+can be perfectly distinguished. The general form of the castle, which
+must once have been very strong, is nearly a square, with a projecting
+gatehouse to the S.E. which is almost perfect. The keep on the eastern
+side commands a lovely view. About half a mile further is the village of
+Oystermouth, clustering with its whitewashed roofs along the foot and
+declivity of a high mass of rock, which juts boldly out into the sea
+for half a mile, forming the south-eastern extremity of Gower, and
+terminating Swansea Bay. The village is celebrated as a bathing place,
+and for its extensive fishery for oysters, with which it supplies
+Bristol, Gloucestershire, North Somerset, &amp;c. This trade gives
+occupation to a considerable number of fishermen who are the chief
+inhabitants of the place; but in the spring and summer, Oystermouth,
+in consequence of the great beauty of the situation, and its extreme
+salubrity, is completely filled with strangers, and high rates are
+obtained for lodgings; the accommodations are mostly indifferent, though
+the place is improving fast. The prospect from the summit of the rocks
+is truly exhilarating and beautiful. On one side, the spectator beholds
+just below him, the Atlantic rushing with all its majesty up the Bristol
+Channel&mdash;rising over the mixon sands into a really mountainous
+swell&mdash;while on the other, Swansea Bay, glittering with the white sails
+and varied combinations of a crowd of shipping, seems spread out like a
+vast and beautiful lake; its eastern shores bounded in the distance by
+the mountainous and woody scenery of Britton-Ferry, Aberavon, Margam,
+gradually diminishing towards Pyle.
+</p>
+<p>
+To the north, beyond the town of Swansea, an immense cloud of smoke is
+seen suspended over the Vales of Tawy and Neath&mdash;an abomination in the
+face of heaven. Such is the Welsh Bay of Naples, which presents this
+remarkable appearance at this spot. The anchorage aside this range of
+cliffs affords, except in an east wind, a very secure road for shipping;
+sometimes in strong weather there are two or three hundred sail lying
+here. At the termination of the peninsula are two rocky islands called
+the Mumbles, and on the farthest is a large light-house; for the support
+of which a rate is levied on all the shipping up and down channel. Below
+the light-house an immense cavern called "Bob's Cove" can be seen at
+low water. We were told that the village under the shadow of the rocks,
+loses sight of the sun for three months in winter, but this is not
+"quite correct." Let us proceed westward. About a mile from Oystermouth
+is Newton; where there are several lodging-houses. There have been many
+instances of great longevity at this village, which is perhaps the
+healthiest spot on the coast. The road to Caswell Bay, which passes
+through Newton, is almost impassable for horses; a new one however is
+talked of. The rocky valley leading to Caswell Bay, which abruptly comes
+in sight between two projecting rocks, is singularly wild and romantic.
+The bay is
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page312" name="page312"></a>[pg 312]</span>
+absolutely a mine of the picturesque&mdash;the Lullworth Cove
+of Wales. A day may be spent delightfully among its rocks and
+caverns&mdash;taking care to visit them at low water. A few miles westward is
+Oxwich Bay, the main attraction of the coast, along the rocky summit of
+which the pedestrian should "wend his way," with the ocean roaring far
+beneath him. We will, however, return to Swansea, and endeavour briefly
+to recall our first excursion into Gower.
+</p>
+<p>
+Let us fancy ourselves therefore, on a bright April morning, riding
+along with a friend&mdash;a stranger like ourselves&mdash;on the high road from
+Swansea into the interior of the peninsula. After cantering over about
+seven miles of hill and valley and common, we entered a woody defile,
+and at last opened, to use a nautical phrase, the "Gower inn," (eight
+miles) which was built, we were told, expressly for the convenience of
+tourists. After ascending a tremendous rocky hill, for road it cannot
+be called, about a mile onwards, Oxwich Bay bursts at last in all its
+beauty upon our sight. In our inquiries during the day, of the few
+passengers we met, as to the distance of the village of Penrice, the
+intended limit of our day's excursion, we were forcibly reminded of the
+"mile and a bittock" of the north. The country is very thinly populated
+here: at last we came in sight of the grounds of Penrice Castle, the
+beautiful mansion of Mr. Talbot, the member for the county; the entrance
+to the park is between two of the towers belonging to the extensive and
+picturesque remains of the ancient Castle of Penrice, which stands close
+to the road. Sixteen miles from Swansea, after "curses not loud but
+deep" upon Welsh roads, we reached the sequestered village of Penrice,
+which stands on a wooded eminence of no easy access, overlooking the
+eastern shore of Oxwich Bay.
+</p>
+<center>
+(<i>To be continued.</i>)
+</center>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	ARCANA OF SCIENCE FOR 1831.
+</h3>
+<p>
+It has been our invariable practice to notice, <i>by extract only</i>, such
+works as we are connected with, or to which we have contributed; and in
+the present case we shall do little more.
+</p>
+<p>
+Now, the reader need not be here told that the plan of an Annual
+Register of Inventions and Improvements originated in <i>The Mirror</i> about
+four years since. Our intention there was to quote an occasional page or
+two of novelties of popular interest in science and art, and leave more
+abstruse matters to the journals in which they originally appeared. This
+plan led us through most of the scientific records of the year, in which
+we began to perceive that the reduction of all subjects of importance
+was not compatible within a few pages, and sooner than allow many papers
+of value to every member of society to be locked under the uninviting
+denomination of <i>philosophy</i>, we undertook the abridgement and
+arrangement of such papers, upon the plan of an "Annual Register,"
+intending our volume specially to represent the progress of discovery
+just as the general "Register" is a contribution to history. The cost
+of the journals for this purpose proved to be upwards of Twelve Guineas,
+but this outlay only made us more pleased with the design. A single
+instance will suffice. The <i>Philosophical Magazine</i>, a work of high
+character, numbers among its purchasers but few general readers: it
+contains many mathematical, theoretical, and controversial papers, all
+of which may advance their object, but are not in a form sufficiently
+tangible for any but the scientific inquirer. Still, in the same
+Magazine, there may be papers of practical and directly useful
+character, and of ready application to the arts and interests of life
+and society. A person wishing to possess these popular papers must
+therefore purchase with them a quantity of matter which to him would
+be unintelligible, and the value of which could only be appreciated
+by direct study, a task of no small import in these days of cheap
+literature. That the plan has succeeded, and that its intention has
+been fully recognised, is borne out by the testimony of a score of our
+contemporaries. Of their praise we have no disposition to make an idle
+boast; and our only object in the present notice is to do for ourselves
+what we could not perhaps expect a weekly or monthly critic to do for
+us, viz. to quote the subjects of a few of the valuable papers in the
+present volume, and then leave the reader to form his own conclusions
+of its intrinsic value.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Mechanical Science</i> there are 100 closely-printed pages, or 90
+articles. Among these are papers on novel applications of the gigantic
+power of <i>Steam</i> in Navigation and Agriculture, and especially in
+Railway Carriages; the grand invention of the Air Engine; improvements
+in Printing; machinery in manufactures; and contributions to
+experimental as well as practical mechanics.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Chemical Science</i> there are upwards
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page313" name="page313"></a>[pg 313]</span>
+of 60 New Facts. Among these is
+a valuable paper on Arsenic, by Dr. Christison, (from the <i>Philosophical
+Magazine</i>;) a method of ascertaining the vegeto-alkali in Bark; the
+influence of the Aurora Borealis on the Magnetic Needle; Lieut.
+Drummond's Plan for illuminating Light Houses by a ball of lime, (from
+the <i>Philosophical Transactions</i>); Laws of electrical accumulation, and
+the decomposition of water by atmospheric and ordinary electricity;
+the new Indigo; the spontaneous inflammation of charcoal; the nitrous
+atmosphere of Tirhoot, one of the principal districts in India for the
+manufacture of salt-petre; Discovery of a mass of meteoric iron in
+Bohemia; the chemical composition of cheese; Berzelius on the power of
+metallic rods to decompose water after their connexion with the galvanic
+pile is broken; an alkaline principle in Box-wood; Professor Davy on a
+new method of detecting metallic poisons; Mr. Bennet's new alloy for the
+pivot-holes of watches; experiments with Aldini's Fireproof Dresses;
+Dr. Ure on the composition of Gunpowder, and on Indigo; Dr. Bostock
+on the spontaneous purification of Thames water; Abstracts of Berzelius'
+statement of the progress of Chemical Science for 1829; Mr. Broughton
+on the effects of oxygen gas on various animals, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Zoology</i> are papers&mdash;on the Fern Owl; Mr. Rennie's interesting Notes
+on the Cleanliness of Animals; Mechanism of the Voice in Singing; the
+Vision of Birds of Prey; New species of British Snake; Animalculae in
+Snow; Habits of the Chameleon; Peculiarity of the Negro Stomach; Growth
+of Spanish Flies; British Pearl Fishery on the Conway; the cause of
+Goitre; seat of the sense of touch and taste; stones found in the
+stomach of Pikes; Learned Poodles at Paris; Faculties of Domestic
+Animals; Increase of Mankind; Larva of the Gad-fly, which deposits its
+eggs in the bodies of the human species; Luminousness of the Sea, a
+valuable contribution; Motions in water caused by the respiration of
+Fishes; Cannibalism in New Guinea; Heron swallowing a Rat; Mr. Vigors
+on American Quails; Mr. Yarrell's experiments to preserve White Bait;
+On the fascination of Serpents; Notes on the Zoological Society, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology</i>, are&mdash;a valuable paper on the
+Flora of Sicily; Supposed sub-marine banks from Newfoundland to the
+English Channel: Mr. Bakewell, Jun. on the Falls of Niagara: Mr. Bicheno
+on the Shamrock of Ireland; Effect of Light on Plants; Immense Tree in
+Mexico; Mr. Murray on Raining Trees; Forms and Relations of Volcanoes;
+Cuticular Pores of Plants; Volcano of Pietra Mala; Milk Tree of
+Demarara; Productiveness of Plants and Animals; Height of the Perpetual
+Snows on the Cordillera of Peru; Gerard's Botanical Journey in the
+Himala Mountains; Changes of temperature in Plants; Humboldt's account
+of the Gold and Platina district of Russia; Sir H. Davy on the
+durability of Stone; Dr. Hibbert's account of a Natural Rocking-stone;
+Notices of Fossil Organic Remains discovered within the year;
+Instructions for collecting Geological specimens, &amp;c.
+</p>
+<p>
+The <i>Astronomical and Meteorological</i> division contains some important
+observations on Atmospherical Electricity, by Dr. Brewster; a note of
+the recent Visitation of Greenwich Observatory; Snow of the winters
+1829-30; Account of a Water-spout on the Lake Neufchatel; Mr. Herapath
+and Sir James South on the Comet; On the Rending of Timber by Lightning;
+Curious account of Hay converted into Glass by Lightning; The Occupation
+of Aldebaran by the Moon; Aurora Borealis observed during the year;
+and a Journal of the Weather of the year, by Mr. Tatem, the ingenious
+meteorologist, which paper we regret is not acknowledged from the
+<i>Magazine of Natural History</i>; appended to this is a tabular
+Meteorological Summary of 1830, communicated to the <i>Arcana of Science</i>
+by Dr. Armstrong.
+</p>
+<p>
+In <i>Rural Economy</i> there are Abstracts from papers of considerable
+value and extent&mdash;on Pasturages, Chlorides applied to diseased Animals,
+Quality of Waste Land from the plants growing in it, Malt Duties, Beet
+Root Sugar, Aliment from Straw, Planting and Pruning, Indian Corn,
+Mangold Wurzol, &amp;c. In <i>Gardening</i> are upwards of 40 similar Abstracts.
+In <i>Domestic Economy</i> are some practical papers on Milk, Bread, Sugar,
+Storing Fruit, Beer from Sugar, &amp;c. In <i>Useful Arts</i> are about
+half-a-dozen, pages. To these heads are added a List of Patents, Notices
+of Expeditions of Discovery, and a copious Index. The Illustrations,
+about twenty in number, represent such inventions as are most attractive
+by their ingenuity; and by way of Synopsis we may state that the whole
+contents of the volume are nearly 400 abstracts, including probably
+three times as many <i>new facts</i>.
+</p>
+<p>
+The utility of such a yearly volume
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page314" name="page314"></a>[pg 314]</span>
+speaks for itself, and however
+ungracefully a recommendation might come from our pen we could not
+refrain from thus introducing it to the readers of the <i>Mirror</i>
+especially as the <i>Arcana of Science</i> contain scarcely half-a-dozen
+pages of facts which have been detailed in our weekly columns.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	NOTES OF A READER.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	CALENDAR OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+</h3>
+<p>
+This volume professes to be "A Familiar Analysis of the Calendar of
+the Church of England," by explaining and illustrating its Fasts and
+Festivals, &amp;c., in the form of Question and Answer. The reader will
+not look for novelty in such a work. The editors of Time's Telescope,
+Clavis Calendaria, the Every-day Book, &amp;c., have been too long and too
+laboriously employed in illustrating every point of the year's history,
+to lead us to expect any new attraction. Indeed, the preface of the
+present work does not profess to furnish any such inducement, the editor
+resting his claim on the cheapness of his book in comparison with
+the Every-day Book. This is rather an ungracious recommendation: the
+"Analysis" consists of less than three hundred pages, and is sold
+for five or six shillings; but these three hundred pages only equal
+seventy-five pages of the Every-day Book, or less than five sheets,
+which the public know may be purchased for fifteen-pence. One of the
+pretensions of the "Analysis" is its condensed form, but we suspect
+Mr. Valpy's <i>Epitomizing</i> press would reduce the editor's three hundred
+pages to seventy-five. It is a thankless office to be obliged to speak
+thus of a book on which some pains have been bestowed. Now, had it
+been printed within the compass of an eighteen-penny or two shilling
+catechism, the desired object would have been obtained; but, as it
+appears, in the type of a large church prayer-book, what may have been
+gained in arrangement, must be paid for in paper and print, so that no
+good purpose is ultimately effected.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	FAMILIAR LAW.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Parts 3 and 4 of the <i>Familiar Law Adviser</i> relate to Bills of Exchange
+and Promissory Notes&mdash;and Benefit Societies and Savings' Banks&mdash;and will
+be found extremely useful to very different classes. They have in them
+all the reforming spirit of the times, and must be of essential service
+everywhere, since <i>cheap law</i> is as desirable us any other species of
+economy. Brevity, too, as recommended in these little books, should
+be the soul of law as it is of wit, for we all know that as the law
+lengthens so the cost strengthens. Another advantage will be, that the
+sooner a man is set right, the more time will he have for increasing
+his good actions in this life.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	DEATH.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Oh God! what a difference throughout the whole of this various and
+teeming earth a single DEATH can effect! Sky, sun, air, the eloquent
+waters, the inspiring mountain-tops, the murmuring and glossy wood, the
+very
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Glory in the grass, and splendour in the flower,</p>
+</div></div>
+<p>
+do these hold over us an eternal spell? Are they as a part and property
+of an unvarying course of nature? Have they aught which is unfailing,
+steady&mdash;<i>same</i> in its effect? Alas! their attraction is the creature
+of an accident. One gap, invisible to all but ourself in the crowd and
+turmoil of the world, and every thing is changed. In a single hour,
+the whole process of thought, the whole ebb and flow of emotion, may be
+revulsed for the rest of an existence. Nothing can ever seem to us as it
+did: it is a blow upon the fine mechanism by which we think, and move,
+and have our being&mdash;the pendulum vibrates aright no more&mdash;the dial hath
+no account with time&mdash;the process goes on, but it knows no symmetry or
+order;&mdash;it was a single stroke that marred it, but the harmony is gone
+for ever!
+</p>
+<p>
+And yet I often think that that shock which jarred on the mental,
+renders yet softer the moral nature. A death that is connected with love
+unites us by a thousand remembrances to all who have mourned: it builds
+a bridge between the young and the old; it gives them in common the most
+touching of human sympathies; it steals from nature its glory and its
+exhilaration&mdash;not its tenderness. And what, perhaps, is better than all,
+to mourn deeply for the death of another, loosens from ourself the petty
+desire for, and the animal adherence to, life. We have gained the end of
+the philosopher, and view, without shrinking, the coffin and the
+pall.&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	SCOTT AND COOPER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+An example of Mr. Cooper's appreciation of his illustrious rival,
+Sir Walter Scott, occurred while he was sitting for the portrait that
+accompanied the <i>New</i>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page315" name="page315"></a>[pg 315]</span>
+<i>Monthly Magazine</i> for last month.&mdash;The artist,
+Madame Mirbel, requested of a distinguished statesman.&mdash;"No," said
+Cooper, "if I must look at any, it shall be at my master," directing
+his glance a little higher, to a portrait of Sir Walter Scott.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	FRANCE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+France, "with all thy faults I love thee still!" No man should travel
+from his cradle to his grave without paying thee a visit by the
+way: with a disposition prone to enjoyment, it lightens the journey
+amazingly. The French are a kind people, and it must be his fault who
+cannot live happily with them. Pity it is, possessing, as they do,
+whatever can contribute to the felicity of a people in a state of peace,
+that war should be indispensable in order to render their idea of
+happiness complete. <i>La gloire</i> and <i>la guerre</i> form the eternal burden
+of their song&mdash;as if the chief business of life were to destroy life.
+They would fight to-morrow with any nation on earth, for no better an
+object than the chance of achieving a victory. Laugh at me, if you
+please, for uttering what you may consider a foolish opinion, but I look
+upon it as a serious misfortune to them that the two words <i>Gloire</i> and
+<i>Victoire</i> rhyme together: they so constantly occur in that portion
+of their poetry which is the most popular, and the best calculated to
+excite them in a high degree&mdash;their <i>vaudeville</i> songs&mdash;that the two
+ideas they express have become identical in their minds; and he will
+deserve well of his country who shall discover the means of making
+<i>glory</i> rhyme to <i>peace</i>.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	"HELP YOURSELF."
+</h3>
+<p>
+The custom of HELPING ONESELF has its sanction in the remotest
+antiquity, and has been continued down to the present day in the highest
+places, and by those whom it especially behoves to set example to the
+world. It was clearly never designed that man should regulate his
+conduct for the good of others, for the first lesson taught to the first
+of men, was to take care of himself; had it been intended that men
+should study the good of each other, a number would surely have been
+simultaneously created for the exercise of the principle, instead of
+one, who, being alone, was essentially selfish. Adam was all the world
+to himself. With the addition of Eve, human society commenced; and the
+fault of our first mother furnishes a grand and terrible example of the
+mischief of thinking of the benefit of another. Satan suggested to her
+that Adam should partake of the fruit&mdash;an idea, having in it the taint
+of benevolence, so generally mistaken&mdash;whence sin and death came into
+the world. Had Eve been strictly selfish, she would wisely have kept the
+apples to herself, and the evil would have been avoided. Had Adam helped
+himself, he would have had no stomach for the helping of another&mdash;and
+so, on his part, the evil temptation had been obviated.
+</p>
+<p>
+The HELP YOURSELF principle has at no time been extinct in society,
+while it is seen to be a universal law of Nature. The wolf <i>helps
+himself</i> to the lamb, and the lamb to the grass. No animal assists
+another, excepting when in the relation of parent to young, when
+Nature could not dispense with the caprice of benevolence, which in
+this instance, be it observed, distresses the parties susceptible of
+the sentiment; for suckling creatures are always in poor condition.
+Appropriation is the great business of the universe. The institution
+of property is, on the other hand, artificial.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	BALLET OF KENILWORTH, AT THE KING'S THEATRE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+There is a very curious and ingenious, though not original, exhibition
+in this ballet. Among the festivities at Kenilworth Castle, in honour
+of the royal guests, a pantomimic "masque" of the gods and goddesses of
+Olympus is introduced. The divinities, instead of appearing in genuine
+Grecian attire, present themselves in the mongrel costume visual on such
+occasions in the time of Queen Elizabeth. This is droll enough, but more
+whimsical still is the style of their dancing. This, too, is meant as an
+imitation of the limited choregraphic <i>savoir faire</i> of the age. It is
+as if Mons. Deshayes had triumphantly intended to portray the first
+dawn of an art which he considers to have now reached the summit of
+perfection. But who knows but the Monsieur <i>Un tel</i> of 1931 may, with
+equal boldness, parody the pirouettes of Monsieur Deshayes? Even the
+music to this mythological interlude is borrowed from ancient scores;
+a happy thought, which deserves commendation.&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page316" name="page316"></a>[pg 316]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+	SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	THE NEW MAGAZINE.
+</h3>
+<p>
+Mr. Campbell, the Poet, has seceded from the <i>New Monthly Magazine</i>,
+and commenced a magazine of his own&mdash;<i>The Metropolitan</i>. Without
+prejudice to the first-mentioned work, he has our best wishes for his
+new undertaking. The New Monthly Magazine has, however, supplied the
+<i>Mirror</i> with brighter columns than any of its contemporaries, and
+we are mindful of the obligation, especially for that gay and lively
+description of writing which is really the <i>patter</i> of literature.
+It will soon be seen whether Mr. Campbell and his forces succeed.
+The Number before us is, for a first, excellent. The Editor's Paper on
+Ancient Geography, with which it opens, is worth the price of the whole
+magazine: nay, it is worth more than many a modern quarto. Other papers
+are attractive; and there is much of the spirit of the times throughout
+the Number.&mdash;Poland, the Political Times, and the Lord Chancellor's
+Levee&mdash;are vividly written. The last is a good specimen of the "keep
+moving" style of a Magazine. We intend to quote largely from the
+</p>
+<center>
+<i>Memoirs of the Macaw of a Lady of Quality</i>,
+</center>
+<center>
+BY LADY MORGAN:
+</center>
+<p>
+I am a native of one of the most splendid regions of the earth, where
+nature dispenses all her bounties with a liberal hand; and where man
+and bird are released from half the penalties to which, in other climes,
+their flesh is heir. I was born in one of those superb forests of fruit
+and flowers so peculiar to the Brazils, which stood at no great distance
+from an Indian village, and was not far removed from an European
+settlement. This forest was impervious to human footsteps. A nation of
+apes occupied the interior; and the dynasty of the Psittacus Severus,
+or Brazilian queen macaw, inhabited the upper regions.&mdash;Several
+subject-states of green and yellow parrots constituted our colonial
+neighbours. My family held the highest rank in the privileged classes
+of our oligarchy; for our pride would not admit of a king, and our
+selfishness (so I must call it) would allow of no rights. We talked
+nevertheless in our legislative assemblies of our happy constitution,
+which by tacit agreement we understood to mean "happy for ourselves;"
+but the green and yellow parrots too plainly showed a strong disposition
+to put another interpretation on the phraseology. My paternal nest was
+situated in the hollow of one of the most ancient and lofty trees in the
+forest. It had once been rich in fruit and flowers, gums and odours,
+and all in the same season; and though it was now scathed at the top,
+hollow in the trunk, and was threatened with total ruin from the first
+hurricane, we still preferred it, because it <i>was</i> the oldest. I owed
+all my early impressions, and much of my acquired superiority, to my
+great grandfather, who lived to an extreme old age, and attained a
+celebrity, of which we were ourselves at that time unaware. He was
+the identical bird which was brought from Marignan to Prince Maurice,
+governor of the Brazils, and whose pertinent answers to many silly
+questions are recorded in the pages of the greatest of English
+philosophers. My great grandfather was soon disgusted with the folly
+and cruelty of what is called civilized life; and having seen an Indian
+roasted alive for a false religion's sake, he thought that some day they
+might take it into their heads to do as much by a macaw, for the same
+reason. So he availed himself of an early opportunity of retiring
+without leave from the service, and returned to his native forest, where
+his genius and learning at once raised him to the highest honours of
+the Psittacan aristocracy. Influenced by his example, I early felt the
+desire of visiting foreign countries. My mother too (who, though fond
+and indulgent, like all the mothers of our race, was as vain and foolish
+as any that I have since met with in human society) worked powerfully
+on my ambition, by her constant endeavours to "push me up the tree,"
+as she called it, in her way. I was already a first-rate orator, and a
+member of the great congress of macaws; while in our social re-unions
+I left all the young birds of fashion far behind me: and as I not only
+articulated some human sounds picked up from the Indians, but could
+speak a few words of Portuguese and Dutch, learned by rote from my great
+grandfather, I was considered a genius of high order. With the conceit,
+therefore, of all my noble family, I was prompted to go forth and visit
+other and better worlds, and to seek a sphere better adapted to the
+display of my presumed abilities, than that afforded by our domestic
+senate and home-spun society. On one of those celestial nights, known
+only in the tropical regions, I set forth on my travels, directing my
+course to the Portuguese settlement, which the
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page317" name="page317"></a>[pg 317]</span>
+youthful vigour of my
+wing enabled me to reach by the break of morning. Having refreshed
+myself with a breakfast of fruit, after the exhaustion of my nocturnal
+flight, I ascended a spacious palm tree, which afforded an admirable
+view of the adjacent country, and a desirable shelter from the ardours
+of the rising sun. My first impulse was to take a bird's-eye view of the
+novel scene which lay before me, and I gazed around for some minutes
+with intense delight; but fatigue gradually obtained the mastery over
+curiosity, and, putting my head unconsciously beneath my wing, I fell
+into a profound sleep. How long this continued, I know not; but I was
+suddenly awakened by a strange muttering of unknown voices. I looked,
+and beheld two creatures whose appearance greatly surprised me. They had
+nothing of the noble form and aspect of our Indian neighbours. One of
+them considerably resembled the preacher-monkey in countenance and
+deportment; his head was denuded of hair, and his person was covered by
+a black substance, which left no limb visible except his ancles and
+feet, which were very much like those of an ape. The other had all the
+air of a gigantic parrot: he had a hooked bill, a sharp look, a yellow
+head; and all the rest of his strange figure was party-coloured, blue,
+green, red, and black. I classed him at once as a specimen of the
+Psittacus Ochropterus. The ape and the parrot seemed to have taken
+shelter beneath the palm tree, like myself, for the purposes of shade
+and repose. They had beside them a basket filled with dead game, fruit,
+and honey; and the parrot had a long instrument near him on the ground,
+which I afterwards learned was a fowling-piece. They talked a strange
+jargon of different intonation, like that of the respective chatter of
+the grey and the green parrots. Both seemed to complain, and, by the
+expression of their ugly and roguish faces, to interrogate each other.
+As soon as they went away, I endeavoured to mutter to myself the sounds
+they had uttered, but could retain only two phrases. The one had been
+spoken by the ape, and ran thus&mdash;"Shure it was for my sweet sowl's
+sake, jewel;" the other was&mdash;"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of the
+siller." I was extremely amused by my acquisition; and, being convinced
+that I was now qualified to present myself at the settlement, was about
+to descend from my altitude, when the two strangers returned: they had
+come back for the gun, which they had left behind them. As they picked
+it up, it went off, and I was startled into one of my loudest screams.
+The strangers looked at me with great delight, he whom I likened to the
+parrot exclaiming&mdash;"Weel, mon, what brought you here?" I answered in his
+own words, for want of better&mdash;"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of
+the siller." He dropped his piece, and fled in consternation, calling
+lustily&mdash;"Its auld clooty himsen, mon, its auld Horny, I tell ye; come
+awa, come awa." His friend, who seemed more acquainted with our species,
+encouraged him to return; and offering me some fruit from his basket,
+said&mdash;"Why, Poll, you cratur, what brought you so far from home?" I
+endeavoured to imitate his peculiar tone, and replied&mdash;"Why thin it was
+for my sweet sowl's sake, jewel."&mdash;"Why then," said my interlocutor,
+coolly (for I never forgot his words) "that bird bates cockfighting."
+They now both endeavoured to catch me. It was all I wanted, and I
+perched on the preaching-monkey's wrist, while he took up the basket
+in his left hand, and in this easy and commodious style of travelling,
+we proceeded. On approaching the settlement, a fierce dispute arose
+between the friends; of which, by each tearing me from the other, I was
+evidently the object; and I am quite sure that I should have been torn
+to pieces between them, but for the timely approach of a person who
+issued from a lofty and handsome edifice on the road side, attended by
+a train of preacher-monkeys, of which he was the chief. He was quite a
+superior looking being to either of my first acquaintance, who cowered
+and shrunk beneath his eagle look. They seemed humbly to lay their cases
+before him; when, after looking contemptuously on both, he took me to
+himself, caressed me, and giving me to an attendant, said&mdash;"This bird
+belongs to neither, it is the property of mother church:" and the
+property of mother church I remained for some years. Of my two friends
+of the palm-tree, one, the preacher-monkey, turned out to be a poor
+Irish lay brother, of the convent of which my new master (an Irishman
+too) was the superior. My yellow parrot was a Scotch adventurer, who
+came out to give lectures on <i>poleetical economy</i> to the Brazilians:
+and who, finding that they had no taste for moral science, had become
+a servant of all-work to the brotherhood. My dwelling was a missionary
+house of the Propaganda, established for the purpose of converting
+(i.e. burning) the poor Indians. The Superior, Father Flynn, had
+recently arrived from Lisbon with
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page318" name="page318"></a>[pg 318]</span>
+unlimited powers. He was clever,
+eloquent, witty, and humorous; but panting for a bishopric in his native
+country, he was principally employed in theological writings, which
+might bring him into notice and hasten his recall to Europe.
+</p>
+<p>
+Next to the servant's hall of a great English family, the first place
+in the world for completing the education of a macaw of genius, is a
+convent. Its idleness and ennui render a monkey, or a parrot, a valuable
+resource; and between what I picked up, and what I was taught by the
+monks of the Propaganda, my acquirements soon became stupendous. Always
+following my kind master from the refectory to the church, assisting at
+mess or at mass, being near him in the seclusion of the oratory, and in
+the festivities, he frequently held with his more confidential friends;
+I had loaded my astonishing memory with scraps of theology and of fun.
+I could sing a French drinking song, taught me by the sub-prior Frere
+Jacques, and intonate a "Gloria in Excelsis" with a true nasal twang.
+I had actually learned the Creed in English;<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> and could call all the
+brothers by their name. I had even learned the Savoyard's dance from
+my friend Frère Jacques, and sung "Gai Coco" at the same time, like
+Scaliger's parrot, from whose history Frère Jacques took the idea
+of teaching me. I did this, it must be acknowledged, with great
+awkwardness, turning in my toes, and often tumbling backwards in a
+clumsy and ludicrous way. But this amused my religious friends more than
+all the rest; for, like the great, they loved a ridicule as well as a
+talent; and, provided they were amused, were not nice as to the means.
+My fame soon began to spread on all sides, and the anecdotes told of the
+macaw of the Propaganda soon reached the circles of the Governor of the
+Brazils, who wrote to request the pleasure of my company for a few weeks
+at the palace. This was a compliment which he had never paid to the
+learned superior of the order, and my master was evidently hurt. He
+declined therefore the invitation for me, on the plea that he would
+soon visit Rio Janeiro himself, when I should accompany him into the
+vice-regal presence.
+</p>
+<p>
+This visit shortly took place, not for the object supposed by the
+community, (who parted with me, even for a short time, with great
+regret,) but for another purpose. The British ambassador, Lord &mdash;&mdash;, who
+had recently arrived at Rio, was a countryman of Father Flynn's. He
+enjoyed eminent literary celebrity, was a delightful poet, and well
+acquainted with the Portuguese language. The superior had no doubt that
+his own literary and theological merits were equally known to his
+excellency, whom he visited with a view to negotiating a passage in the
+British man of war; for he had been called on a secret mission to
+Ireland, and wished to depart without notifying his intention to the
+subaltern of the Propaganda. I was not included in the muster-roll of
+this expedition; but anxious to lose no opportunity of seeing the world,
+and desirous of beholding the Governor, who had shown his taste and
+politeness by inviting me to his court, I contrived to nestle myself in
+the carriage without the superior's knowledge, and followed his steps to
+the very ante-room of the embassy. It was too late to send me back; for
+I was instantly seized by a company of pretty young animals, the very
+reverse in appearance of the preacher-monkeys of the Propaganda; they
+all seemed to find in me a kindred soul: my master was ushered into the
+cabinet, and I was left with my new acquaintance, who were called
+"<i>attachés</i>," but whom I at once classed with the secretary-birds,<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+while here and there, I thought, was mingled among them a specimen of
+the booby, or Pelicanus Sula. Two of these mischievous creatures seemed
+to delight in tormenting me from mere idleness and ennui, which I bore
+for some time with great patience, as I saw the boobies pay them much
+respect. One was called Lord Charles, and the other the Hon. Mr. Henry.
+I learned these names with facility, and contrived to repeat them, as
+they had been taught me, by the frequent iteration of one of the
+boobies.
+</p>
+<center>
+(<i>To be continued.</i>)
+</center>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+           <p style="text-align: right;">  SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	PRISONS.
+</h3>
+<p>
+We had formerly in the Tower of London, a straight room or dungeon,
+called, from the misery the unhappy occupiers of this very confined
+place endured, the Little-Ease. But this will appear a luxurious
+habitation, when compared with the inventions of Louis XI. of France,
+with his iron cages, in which
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page319" name="page319"></a>[pg 319]</span>
+persons of rank lay for whole years;
+or his oubliettes, dungeons made in the form of reversed cones,
+with concealed trap-doors, down which dropped the unhappy victims
+of the tyrant, brought there by Tristam L'Hermite, his companion and
+executioner in ordinary; sometimes their sides were plain, sometimes
+set with knives, or sharp-edged wheels; but in either cases they were
+complete <i>oubliettes;</i> the devoted were certain to fall into the land
+where all things are forgotten.&mdash;(<i>Pennant's London.</i>)
+</p>
+<p>
+When the Bastille of France was demolished, three iron cages were
+discovered, they were made of strong bars of iron, about eight feet high
+and six feet wide, and such have been used in other prisons in that
+country. The Bishop of Verdun, according to Mezeray, was the inventer,
+and was himself the first man confined in them, and remained a prisoner
+thus for eleven years, so that he could speak practically as to his own
+invention.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	FEMALE LEANDER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The Duchess of Chevereux, who was for the first time at the court of
+England, in 1638, swam across the Thames, in a frolic, near Windsor. On
+this occasion some verses were composed by a Sir J. M. containing these
+lines:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  But her chaste breast, cold as the cloyster'd nun,</p>
+           <p>  Whose frost to chrystal might congeal the sun,</p>
+           <p>  So glar'd the stream, that pilots, there afloat,</p>
+           <p>  Thought they might safely land without a boat;</p>
+           <p>  July had seen the Thames in ice involv'd,</p>
+           <p>  Had it not been by her own beams dissolv'd.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	BIRTHDAY PRAYER.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The observance of a birthday by <i>prayer</i> is not altogether incurious
+in these days of license; and the following specimen, quoted from the
+<i>Diary</i> of that truly good man, JOHN EVELYN, may be entertained as the
+genuine effusion of piety, unmixed with any alloy of fanaticism, or
+religious enthusiasm:&mdash;
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>Oct</i>. 31, 1689.&mdash;My birthday, being now 69 years old. Blessed Father
+who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to see so
+great and wonderful revolutions, and preserved me amidst them to this
+moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and
+thankful acknowledgements, and grant me grace to be working out my
+salvation and redeeming the time, that thou mayest be glorified by me
+here, and my soul immortal saved, whenever thou shalt call for it to
+perpetuate thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where
+there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest and peace, and joy
+and consummate felicity for ever. Grant this, O Heavenly Father, for
+the sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Saviour. Amen.
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	CURIOUS LETTER,
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>From a country squire, in the 18th century, to a gentleman in London,
+who had written to him concerning the character of a Servant.</i>
+</center>
+<p>
+"Sir&mdash;Yours I receiv'd the 24th of this present instant, June, and, at
+your request, will give you an impartial account of my man, John Gray's
+character. He is a shoemaker, or cordwainer, which you please to call
+it, by trade, and now in our town; he is following the carding business
+for every one that wants him; he served his time at a town called
+Binstock, in Northamptonshire; and from thence the Great Addington
+journeyman, to this occupation, as before mentioned, and used to come to
+my house, and found, by riding my horses to water, that he rode a horse
+pretty well; which was not at all mistaken, for he rides a horse well:
+and he looks after a kennel of hounds very well, and finds a hare very
+well: he hath no judgement in hunting a pack of hounds now, though he
+rides well, he don't with discretion, for he don't know how to make the
+most of a horse; but a very harey-starey fellow: will ride over a church
+if in his way, though he may prevent a leap by having a gap within ten
+yards of him; and if you are not in the field with himself, when you are
+hunting to tutor him about riding, he will kill all the horses you have
+in the stable in one month, for he hath killed downright, and lamed so
+that they will never be fit for use, no more than five horses since he
+has hunted my hounds, which is two years and upwards; he can talk no dog
+language to a hound; he hath no voice; speaks to a hound such as if his
+head were in a churn; nor neither does he know how to draw a hound when
+they are at a loss, no more than a child of seven years old. As to his
+honesty, I always found him honest till about a week ago. I sent my
+servant that I have now to fetch some sheep's feet from Mr. Stranjan,
+of Higham Ferrers, where Gray used to go for feet, and I always send
+my money by the man that brings the feet; and Stranjan told my man that
+I have now that I owed him money for feet; and when the man came home
+he told me, and I went to Stranjan, and then I found the truth of the
+matter. Gray had kept the money in his hands, and had never paid
+Stranjan: he had along with me once for a letter, in order for his
+character, to give
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page320" name="page320"></a>[pg 320]</span>
+him one, but I told him I could not give him a good
+one, so I would not write at all. Gray is a very great drunkard, can't
+keep a penny in his pocket: a sad notorious lyar. If you send him upon
+a mile or two from Uphingham, he will get drunk, stay all day, and never
+come home while the middle of the night, or such time as he knows his
+master is in bed. He can nor will not keep any secret; neither has he
+so much wit as other people, for the fellow is half a fool, for if you
+would have business done with expedition, if he once gets out of the
+town, or sight of you, shall see him no more, while the next morning he
+serves me so and so: you must expect the same if you hire him. I use you
+just as I would be used myself; it I desired a character of you of a
+servant, that I had design'd to hire of yours, as to let you know the
+truth of every thing about him.
+</p>
+<p>
+"I am, sir, your most humble servant to command.
+</p>
+<p>
+"<i>Great Addington, June</i> 28, 1734.
+</p>
+<p>
+"P.S. He takes good care of his horses, with good looking after as
+to the dressing of them; but if you don't take care, he will fill the
+manger full of corn, so that he will clog the horses, and ruin the whole
+stable of horses."
+</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	EPITAPH
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>Upon two religious disputants who are interred within a few paces of
+each other.</i>
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Suspended here, a contest see,</p>
+           <p>  Of two whose creeds cou'd ne'er agree,</p>
+           <p>  For whether they would preach or pray,</p>
+           <p>  They'd do it in a different way;</p>
+           <p>  And they wou'd fain our fate deny'd,</p>
+           <p>  In quite a different manner dy'd!</p>
+           <p>  Yet think not that their rancour's o'er,</p>
+           <p>  No! for 'tis ten to one, and more,</p>
+           <p>  Tho' quiet now as either lies,</p>
+           <p>  But they've a wrangle when they rise.</p>
+</div></div>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	LONGEVITY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+In St. Michael's churchyard, at Litchfield, an ancient tombstone was
+lately discovered, which had been buried in the earth a great number
+of years. Upon it are deeply cut the following inscriptions:&mdash;
+</p>
+<center>
+Here lyes the Body<br />
+of William Clarke,<br />
+who was Clarke of this<br />
+Church 51 years, and buried<br />
+March 25th, 1525, aged 96.<br />
+&nbsp;<br />
+Here lyes the Body<br />
+of William Clarke,<br />
+Clarke of this Church 71<br />
+years, who died Septem. 26,<br />
+1562, and aged 86.<br />
+</center>
+<p>
+The father lived in the reigns of six different kings, viz. Henry the
+Sixth, Edwards the Fourth and Fifth, Richard the Third, and Henry the
+Seventh and Eighth. The son in seven reigns, viz. from Edward the Fourth
+to Mary the First.
+</p>
+<h4>
+<i>Morning Chronicle, October 8, 1822.</i>
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	LINES
+</h3>
+<center>
+<i>Written by a ragged Irishman, a passenger on board a vessel with the
+Archbishop of Tuam.</i>
+</center>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  If each man had his suum,</p>
+           <p>  You would not have Tuam,</p>
+           <p>  But I should get meum,</p>
+           <p>  And sing a <i>Te Deum</i>.</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+	G.K.
+</h4>
+<hr />
+<h3>
+	MAY.
+</h3>
+<p>
+The following verses were composed by John Barbour, a poet and divine,
+who was born at Aberdeen in 1330. They afford a specimen of the poetry
+in his time:&mdash;
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "This was in midst of month of May,</p>
+           <p>  When birdis sing on ilka spray,</p>
+           <p>  Melland<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> their notes, with seemly soun,</p>
+           <p>  For softness of the sweet seasoun.</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "And leavis of the branchis spreeds,</p>
+           <p>  And blomis bright, beside them, breeds</p>
+           <p>  And Fieldis strawed are with flow'rs</p>
+           <p>  Well savouring of seir<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href="#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> colours;</p>
+           <p>  And all things wor this, blyth, and gay."</p>
+</div></div>
+<h4>
+	P.T.W.
+</h4>
+<hr class="full" />
+<center>
+	POPULAR SCIENCE.
+</center>
+<hr />
+<center>
+This Day is published, price 5s.
+</center>
+<center>
+ARCANA of SCIENCE, and ANNUAL REGISTER of the USEFUL ARTS for 1831.
+</center>
+<p>
+"This is the fourth annual volume of a most useful compilation of the
+various discoveries in science or inventions of art during the preceding
+year. The volume commences, very properly, with an abridgment of what
+may be termed the greatest work of art which has distinguished the
+present century&mdash;the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Various other
+improvements in the different departments of the arts which have
+appeared in the several scientific journals of the last year, are here
+presented in a condensed form, so as to render the volume, in reality,
+an excellent book of reference. The object of the editor seems to have
+been that of blending entertainment with valuable information, the work
+being illustrated by many neat engravings relating to the popular
+branches of science. The volume, therefore, contains a very interesting
+compendium of information for young people."&mdash;<i>New Monthly Magazine.</i>
+</p>
+<p>
+Printed for JOHN LIMBIRD, 143, Strand;&mdash;of whom may be had the Volumes
+for the three preceding years.
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Holinshed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>
+Alba, the city of Romulus, the founder of Rome, was called so
+from a white sow found there by Æneas.&mdash;Vide Livy, lib. i
+</p>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+        <p>Cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam</p>
+        <p>Litoreis ingens inventa sub illicibus sus,</p>
+        <p>Triginta capitum foetus enixa jacebit,</p>
+        <p>Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati:</p>
+        <p>Is locus urbis erit ei.</p>
+        <p style="text-align: right;">Virgil Æneid, lib. iii. v. 390.</p>
+</div></div>
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+        <p>When, in the shady shelter of a wood</p>
+        <p>And near the margin of a gentle flood,</p>
+        <p>Thou shalt behold a sow upon the ground,</p>
+        <p>With thirty sucking young encompassed round;</p>
+        <p>The dam and offspring white as falling snow:</p>
+        <p>These on thy city shall their name bestow, &amp;c.</p>
+        <p style="text-align: right;">DRYDEN.</p>
+</div></div>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>"Rhodoginus mentions a parrot which could recite correctly the
+whole of the Apostle's Creed."&mdash;Animal Biography, by the Rev.
+W. Bingley.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>"The Dutch," says Le Vaillant, "give this bird the name of
+Secretary, on account of the bunch of quills behind its
+head."&mdash;Bingley, Animal Biography.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+<p>Mingling.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote6" name="footnote6"></a>
+<b>Footnote 6</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+<p>Their.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers.</i>
+</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 17, NO. 488, MAY 7, 1831***</p>
+<p>******* This file should be named 12650-h.txt or 12650-h.zip *******</p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, Vol. 17, No. 488, May 7, 1831, by Various
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, Vol. 17, No.
+488, May 7, 1831
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: June 18, 2004  [eBook #12650]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: US-ASCII
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE,
+AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 17, NO. 488, MAY 7, 1831***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia, and the Project
+Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustration.
+      See 12650-h.htm or 12650-h.zip:
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/6/5/12650/12650-h/12650-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/1/2/6/5/12650/12650-h.zip)
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION
+
+VOL. 17, NO. 488.] SATURDAY, MAY 7, 1831. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.]
+
+
+
+
+ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL, WINDSOR.
+
+
+This venerable structure, as we explained in No. 486 of _The Mirror_, is
+situated in the lower ward or court of Windsor Castle. It stands in the
+centre, and in a manner, divides the court into two parts. On the north
+or inner side are the houses and apartments of the Dean and Canons of
+St. George's Chapel, with those of the minor canons, clerks, and other
+officers; and on the south and west sides of the outer part are the
+houses of the Poor Knights of Windsor.
+
+The Engraving represents the south front of the Chapel as it presents
+itself to the passenger through Henry the Eighth's Gateway, the
+principal entrance to the Lower Ward. The entrance to the Chapel, as
+shown in the Engraving, is that generally used, and was formed by
+command of George the Fourth; through which his Majesty's remains were
+borne, according to a wish expressed some time previous to his death.
+
+The exterior of the Chapel requires but few descriptive details. The
+interior will be found in our last volume.
+
+It is a beautiful structure, in the purest style of the Pointed
+architecture, and was founded by Edward the Third, in 1377, for the
+honour of the Order of the Garter. But however noble the first design,
+it was improved by Edward the Fourth and Henry the Seventh, in whose
+reign the famous Sir Reg. Bray, K.G., assisted in ornamenting the chapel
+and completing the roof. The architecture of the inside has ever been
+esteemed for its great beauty; and, in particular, the stone vaulting is
+reckoned an excellent piece of workmanship. It is an ellipsis, supported
+by lofty pillars, whose ribs and groins sustain the whole roof, every
+part of which has some different device well finished, as the arms of
+several of our kings, great families, &c. On each side of the choir are
+the stalls of the Sovereign and Knights of the Garter, with the helmet,
+mantling, crest, and sword of each knight, set up over his stall, on a
+canopy of ancient carving curiously wrought. Over the canopy is affixed
+the banner of each knight blazoned on silk, and on the backs of the
+stalls are the titles of the knights, with their arms neatly engraved
+and emblazoned on copper.
+
+There are several small chapels in this edifice, in which are the
+monuments of many illustrious persons; particularly of Edward, Earl
+of Lincoln, a renowned naval warrior; George Manners, Lord Roos, and
+Anne, his consort, niece of Edward the Fourth; Anne, Duchess of Exeter,
+mother of that lady, and sister to the king; Sir Reginald Bray, before
+mentioned; and Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who married the sister
+of King Henry the Eighth.
+
+At the east end of St. George's Chapel is a freestone edifice, built by
+Henry the Seventh, as a burial-place for himself and his successors; but
+afterwards altering his purpose, he began the more noble structure at
+Westminster; and this remained neglected until Cardinal Wolsey obtained
+a grant of it from Henry the Eighth, and, with a profusion of expense,
+began here a sumptuous monument for himself, whence this building
+obtained the name of Wolsey's _Tomb House_. This monument was so
+magnificently built, that it exceeded that of Henry the Seventh, in
+Westminster Abbey; and at the time of the cardinal's disgrace, the tomb
+was so far executed, that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, received
+4,250 ducats for what he had already done; and 380l. 18s. had been paid
+for gilding only half of this monument. The cardinal dying soon after
+his disgrace, was buried in the cathedral at York, and the monument
+remained unfinished. In 1646, the statues and figures of gilt copper,
+of exquisite workmanship, were sold. James the Second converted this
+building into a Popish chapel, and mass was publicly performed here.
+The ceiling was painted by Verrio, and the walls were finely ornamented
+and painted; but the whole having been neglected since the reign of
+James the Second, it fell into a complete state of decay, from which,
+however, it was some years ago retrieved by George the Third, who had it
+magnificently completed (under the direction of the late James Wyatt,
+Esq.) in accordance with the original style, and a _mausoleum_
+constructed within, as a burial-place for the royal family.
+
+Windsor Castle, as the reader may recollect, was magnificently re-built
+by William of Wykeham, who was Clerk of the Works to Edward the Third,
+in 1356. Little now remains of Wykeham's workmanship, save the round
+tower, and this has just been raised considerably. Wykeham had power
+to press all sorts of artificers, and to provide stone, timber, and all
+necessary materials for conveyance and erection. Indeed, Edward caused
+workmen to be impressed out of London and several counties, to the
+number of five or six hundred, by writs directed to the various
+sheriff's, who were commanded to take security of the masons and
+joiners, that they should not leave Windsor without permission of
+the architect. What a contrast are these strong measures with the
+scrutinized votes of money recently made for the renovation of the
+Castle!
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORIGIN OF THE WORD ALBION.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+To the elucidation of the word Britannia, contained in your 486th
+number, I beg to add the opinion of the same author on the subject
+of Albion:--
+
+"Albion (the most ancient name of this Isle) containeth Englande and
+Scotlande: of the beginning (origin) of which name haue been sundrie
+opinios (opinions): One late feigned by him, which first prynted the
+Englishe Chronicle,[1] wherein is neither similitude of trouth, reasone,
+nor honestie: I mean the fable of the fiftie doughters of Dioclesian,
+kyng of Syria, where neuer any other historic maketh mencion of a kyng
+of Syria, so named: Also that name is Greke, and no part of the language
+of Syria. Moreouer the coming of theim from Syria in a shippe or boate
+without any marynours (mariners) thorowe (through) the sea called
+_Mediterraneum_, into the occean, and so finally to finde this He, and
+to inhabit it, * * * * is both impossible, and much reproche to this
+noble Realme, to ascribe hir first name and habitation, to such
+inuention. Another opinion is (which hath a more honeste similitude)
+that it was named _Albion, ab albis rupibus_, of white rockes, because
+that unto them, that come by sea, the bankes and rockes of this He doe
+appeare whyte. Of this opinion I moste mervayle (marvel), because it is
+written of great learned men, First, _Albion_ is no latin worde, nor
+hath the analogie, that is to saie, proportion or similitude of latine.
+For who hath founde this syllable _on_, at the ende of a latin woord.
+And if it should have baen (been) so called for the whyte colour of the
+rockes, men would have called called it (I believe this to be a
+misprint) _Alba_, or _Albus_, or Album. In Italy were townes called
+Alba[2] and in Asia a countrey called Albania, and neither of them took
+their beginning of whyte rockes, or walles, as ye may read in books of
+geographic: nor the water of the ryuer called _Albis_, semeth any whiter
+than other water. But if where auncient remembraunce of the beginning
+of thinges lacketh, it may be leeful for men to use their conjectures,
+than may myne be as well accepted as Plinies (although he incomparably
+excelled me in wisedome e doctrine) specially if it may appeer, that
+my coiecture (conjecture) shal approch more neere to the similitude
+of trouth. Wherfore I will also sett foorth mine opinion onely to
+the intent to exclude fables, lackyng eyther honestie or reasonable
+similitudes. Whan the Greekes began first to prosper, and their cities
+became populous, and wared puissaunt, they which trauailed on the seas,
+and also the yles in the seas called _Hellespontus, AEigeum and Creticu_
+(m), after that thei knewe perfectly the course of sailynge, and had
+founden thereby profyte, they by little and little attempted to serch
+and finde out the commodities of outwarde countrees: and like as
+Spaniardes and Portugalls haue late doone, they experienced to seeke out
+countries before unknown. And at laste passynge the streictes of
+Marrocke (Morocco) they entered into the great occean sea, where they
+fond (found) dyvers and many Iles. Among which they perceiuing this Ile
+to be not onely the greatest in circuite, but also most plenteouse of
+every necessary to man, the earth moste apte to bring forth," &c. The
+learned prelate goes on to enumerate the natural advantages of our
+country. He continues--"They wanderynge and reioysinge at their good and
+fortunate arrival, named this yle in Greeke _Olbion_, which in Englishe
+signifieth happy."
+
+_Foley Place._
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+    [1] Holinshed.
+
+    [2] Alba, the city of Romulus, the founder of Rome, was called so
+        from a white sow found there by AEneas.--Vide Livy, lib. i
+
+        Cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam
+        Litoreis ingens inventa sub illicibus sus,
+        Triginta capitum foetus enixa jacebit,
+        Alba, solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati:
+        Is locus urbis erit ei.
+
+        Virgil AEneid, lib. iii. v. 390.
+
+        When, in the shady shelter of a wood
+        And near the margin of a gentle flood,
+        Thou shalt behold a sow upon the ground,
+        With thirty sucking young encompassed round;
+        The dam and offspring white as falling snow:
+        These on thy city shall their name bestow, &c.
+
+        DRYDEN.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  "Preach to the storm, or reason with despair,
+  But tell not misery's son that life is fair"
+  H.K. WHITE.
+
+
+  I mark'd his eye--it beam'd with gladness,
+  His ceaseless smile and joyous air,
+  His infant soul had ne'er felt sadness,
+  Nor kenn'd he yet but _life was fair._
+  His chubby cheek with genuine mirth
+  Blown out--while all around him smiled,
+  And fairy-land to him seemed earth,
+  I envied him, unwitting child.
+
+  I look'd again--his eye was flush'd
+  With passion proud and deep delight,
+  But often o'er his brow there gush'd
+  A blackened cloud which made it night,
+  But still the cloud would wear away,
+  (His youthful cheek was red and rare,)
+  And still his heart beat light and gay,
+  Still did he fancy _life was fair._
+
+  Again I looked--another change--
+  The darkened eye, the visage wan,
+  Told me that sorrow had been there,
+  Told me that time had made him man.
+  His brow was overcast, and deep
+  Had care, the demon, furrow'd there,
+  I heard him sigh with anguish deep,
+  "_Oh! tell me not that life is fair._"
+
+
+COLBOURNE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BIRTHPLACE OF LOCKE.
+
+(_To the Editor._)
+
+
+The philosopher was born in the room lighted by the upper window on the
+right, in your Engraving No. 487. It is a small, plain apartment, having
+few indications of former respectability.
+
+In the garden of Barley Wood, near Wrington, the residence of the
+religious and sentimental Hannah More, stands an urn commemorative
+of Locke, the gift of Mrs. Montague, with the following inscription:
+
+
+            To
+        JOHN LOCKE,
+    Born in this village.
+  This memorial is erected
+            by
+       Mrs. Montague,
+      and presented to
+        HANNAH MORE.
+
+
+J. SILVESTER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR, AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A FUNERAL AT SEA.
+
+We quote the following "last scene of poor Jack's eventful history" from
+Capt. Basil Hall's _Fragments of Voyages and Travel_, a work, observes
+the _Quarterly Review_, "sure sooner or later, to be in everybody's
+hands."
+
+"It need not be mentioned, that the surgeon is in constant attendance
+upon the dying man, who has generally been removed from his hammock to a
+cot, which is larger and more commodious, and is placed within a screen
+on one side of the sick bay, as the hospital of the ship is called. It
+is usual for the captain to pass through this place, and to speak to the
+men every morning; and I imagine there is hardly a ship in the service
+in which wine, fresh meat, and any other supplies recommended by the
+surgeon, are not sent from the tables of the captain and officers to
+such of the sick men as require a more generous diet than the ship's
+stores provided. After the carver in the gun-room has helped his
+messmates, he generally turns to the surgeon, and says, 'Doctor, what
+shall I send to the sick?' But, even without this, the steward would
+certainly be taken to task were he to omit inquiring, as a matter of
+course, what was wanted in the sick bay. The restoration of the health
+of the invalids by such supplies is perhaps not more important, however,
+than the moral influence of the attention on the part of the officers.
+I would strongly recommend every captain to be seen (no matter for how
+short a time) by the bed-side of any of his crew whom the surgeon may
+report as dying. Not occasionally, and in the flourishing style with
+which we read of great generals visiting hospitals, but uniformly and in
+the quiet sobriety of real kindness, as well as hearty consideration for
+the feelings of a man falling at his post in the service of his country.
+He who is killed in action has a brilliant Gazette to record his
+exploits, and the whole country may be said to attend his death-bed. But
+the merit is not less--or may even be much greater--of the soldier or
+sailor who dies of a fever in a distant land--his story untold, and his
+sufferings unseen. In warring against climates unsuited to his frame,
+he may have encountered, in the public service, enemies often more
+formidable than those who handle pike and gun. There should be nothing
+left undone, therefore, at such a time, to show not only to the dying
+man, but to his shipmates and his family at home, that his services are
+appreciated. I remembered, on one occasion, hearing the captain of a
+ship say to a poor fellow who was almost gone, that he was glad to see
+him so cheerful at such a moment; and begged to know if he had anything
+to say. 'I hope, sir,' said the expiring seaman with a smile, 'I have
+done my duty to your satisfaction;' 'That you have, my lad,' said his
+commander, 'and to the satisfaction of your country, too.' 'That is all
+I wanted to know, sir,' replied the man. These few commonplace words
+cost the captain not five minutes of his time, but were long recollected
+with gratitude by the people under his orders, and contributed, along
+with many other graceful acts of considerate attention, to fix his
+authority.
+
+"If a sailor who knows he is dying, has a captain who pleases him,
+he is very likely to send a message by the surgeon to beg a visit--not
+often to trouble his commander with any commission, but merely to say
+something at parting. No officer, of course, would ever refuse to grant
+such an interview, but it appears to me it should always be volunteered;
+for many men may wish it, whose habitual respect would disincline them
+to take such a liberty, even at the moment when all distinctions are
+about to cease.
+
+"Very shortly after poor Jack dies, he is prepared for his deep-sea
+grave by his messmates, who, with the assistance of the sailmaker, and
+in the presence of the master-at-arms, sew him up in his hammock, and,
+having placed a couple of cannon-shot at his feet, they rest the body
+(which now not a little resembles an Egyptian mummy) on a spare grating.
+Some portion of the bedding and clothes are always made up in the
+package--apparently to prevent the form being too much seen. It is then
+carried aft, and, being placed across the after-hatchway, the union
+jack is thrown over all. Sometimes it is placed between two of the guns,
+under the half deck; bat generally, I think, he is laid where I have
+mentioned, just abaft the mainmast. I should have mentioned before, that
+as soon as the surgeon's ineffectual professional offices are at an end,
+he walks to the quarter-deck, and reports to the officer of the watch
+that one of his patients has just expired. At whatever hour of the day
+or night this occurs, the captain is immediately made acquainted with
+the circumstance.
+
+"Next day, generally about eleven o'clock, the bell on which the
+half-hours are struck, is tolled for the funeral, and all who choose
+to be present, assemble on the gangways, booms, and round the mainmast,
+while the forepart of the quarter-deck is occupied by the officers. In
+some ships--and it ought perhaps to be so in all--it is made imperative
+on the officers and crew to attend the ceremony. If such attendance be
+a proper mark of respect to a professional brother--as it surely is--it
+ought to be enforced, and not left to caprice. There may, indeed, be
+times of great fatigue, when it would harass men and officers,
+needlessly, to oblige them to come on deck for every funeral, and upon
+such occasions the watch on deck may be sufficient. Or, when some dire
+disease gets into a ship, and is cutting down her crew by its daily and
+nightly, or it maybe hourly ravages, and when, two or three times in a
+watch, the ceremony must be repeated, those only, whose turn it is to be
+on deck, need be assembled. In such fearful times, the funeral is
+generally made to follow close upon the death.
+
+"While the people are repairing to the quarter-deck, in obedience to
+the summons of the bell, the grating on which the body is placed, being
+lifted from the main-deck by the messmates of the man who has died, is
+made to rest across the lee-gangway. The stanchions for the man-ropes
+of the side are unshipped, and an opening made at the after-end of the
+hammock netting, sufficiently large to allow a free passage. The body is
+still covered by the flag already mentioned, with the feet projecting
+a little over the gunwale, while the messmates of the deceased arrange
+themselves on each side. A rope, which is kept out of sight in these
+arrangements, is then made fast to the grating, for a purpose which will
+be seen presently. When all is ready, the chaplain, if there be one on
+board, or, if not, the captain, or any of the officers he may direct
+to officiate, appears on the quarter-deck and commences the beautiful
+service, which, though but too familiar to most ears, I have observed,
+never fails to rivet the attention even of the rudest and least
+reflecting. Of course, the bell has ceased to toll, and every one stands
+in silence and uncovered as the prayers are read. Sailors, with all
+their looseness of habits, are well disposed to be sincerely religious;
+and when they have fair play given them, they will always, I believe,
+be found to stand on as good vantage ground, in this respect, as their
+fellow-countrymen on shore. Be this as it may, there can be no more
+attentive, or apparently reverent auditory, than assembles on the deck
+of a ship of war, on the occasion of a shipmate's burial.
+
+"The land service for the burial of the dead contains the following
+words: 'Forasmuch as it hath pleased Almighty God, of his great mercy,
+to take unto himself the soul of our dear brother here departed, we
+therefore commit his body to the ground; earth to earth, ashes to
+ashes, dust to dust; in sure and certain hope,' &c. Every one I am
+sure, who has attended the funeral of a friend--and whom will this not
+include?--must recollect the solemnity of that stage of the ceremony,
+where, as the above words are pronounced, there are cast into the grave
+three successive portions of earth, which, falling on the coffin, send
+up a hollow, mournful sound, resembling no other that I know. In the
+burial service at sea, the part quoted above is varied in the following
+very striking and solemn manner:--'Forasmuch,' &c.--'we therefore commit
+his body to the deep, to be turned into corruption, looking for the
+resurrection of the body, when the sea shall give up her dead, and the
+life of the world to come,' &c. At the commencement of this part of the
+service, one of the seamen stoops down, and disengages the flag from the
+remains of his late shipmate, while the others, at the words 'we commit
+his body to the deep,' project the grating right into the sea. The body
+being loaded with shot at one end, glances off the grating, plunges at
+once into the ocean, and--
+
+  "'In a moment, like a drop of rain,
+  He sinks into its depths with bubbling groan,
+  Without a grave, unknelled, uncoffined, and unknown.'
+
+"This part of the ceremony is rather less impressive than the
+correspondent part on land; but still there is something solemn, as
+well as startling, in the sudden splash, followed by the sound of the
+grating, as it is towed along under the main-chains.
+
+"In a fine day at sea, in smooth water, and when all the ship's company
+and officers are assembled, the ceremony just described, although a
+melancholy one, as it must always be, is often so pleasing, all things
+considered, that it is calculated to leave even cheerful impressions on
+the mind."
+
+(Even Captain Hall, however, admits that a sea-funeral may sometimes
+be a scene of unmixed sadness; and he records the following as the most
+impressive of all the hundreds he has witnessed. It occurred in the
+Leander, off the coast of North America.)
+
+"There was a poor little middy on board, so delicate and fragile, that
+the sea was clearly no fit profession for him; but he or his friends
+thought otherwise; and as he had a spirit for which his frame was no
+match, he soon gave token of decay. This boy was a great favourite with
+every body--the sailors smiled whenever he passed, as they would have
+done to a child--the officers petted him, and coddled him up with
+all sorts of good things--and his messmates, in a style which did not
+altogether please him, but which he could not well resist, as it was
+meant most kindly, nicknamed him Dolly. Poor fellow!--he was long
+remembered afterwards. I forget what his particular complaint was, but
+he gradually sunk; and at last went out just as a taper might have done,
+exposed to such gusts of wind as blew in that tempestuous region. He
+died in the morning; but it was not until the evening that he was
+prepared for a seaman's grave.
+
+"I remember, in the course of the day, going to the side of the boy's
+hammock, and on laying my hand upon his breast, was astonished to find
+it still warm--so much so, that I almost imagined I could feel the heart
+beat. This, of course, was a vain fancy; but I was much attached to my
+little companion, being then not much taller myself--and I was soothed
+and gratified, in a childish way, by discovering that my friend, though
+many hours dead, had not yet acquired the usual revolting chillness.
+
+"In after years I have sometimes thought of this incident, when
+reflecting on the pleasing doctrine of the Spaniards--that as soon as
+children die, they are translated into angels, without any of those cold
+obstructions, which, they pretend, intercept and retard the souls of
+other mortals. The peculiar circumstances connected with the funeral
+which I am about to describe, and the fanciful superstitions of the
+sailors upon the occasion, have combined to fix the whole scene in
+my memory.
+
+"Something occurred during the day to prevent the funeral taking place
+at the usual hour, and the ceremony was deferred till long after sunset.
+The evening was extremely dark, and it was blowing a treble-reefed
+topsail breeze. We had just sent down the top-gallant yards, and made
+all snug for a boisterous winter's night. As it became necessary to have
+lights to see what was done, several signal lanterns were placed on the
+break of the quarter-deck, and others along the hammock railings on the
+lee-gangway. The whole ship's company and officers were assembled, some
+on the booms, others in the boats; while the main-rigging was crowded
+half way up to the cat-harpings. Over-head, the mainsail, illuminated
+as high as the yard by the lamps, was bulging forwards under the gale,
+which was rising every minute, and straining so violently at the
+main-sheet, that there was some doubt whether it might not be necessary
+to interrupt the funeral in order to take sail off the ship. The lower
+deck ports lay completely under water, and several times the muzzles of
+the main-deck guns were plunged into the sea; so that the end of the
+grating on which the remains of poor Dolly were laid, once or twice
+nearly touched the tops of the waves, as they foamed and hissed past.
+The rain fell fast on the bare heads of the crew, dropping also on the
+officers, during all the ceremony, from the foot of the mainsail, and
+wetting the leaves of the prayer-book. The wind sighed over us amongst
+the wet shrouds, with a note so mournful, that there could not have been
+a more appropriate dirge.
+
+"The ship--pitching violently--strained and creaked from end to end: so
+that, what with the noise of the sea, the rattling of the ropes, and the
+whistling of the wind, hardly one word of the service could be
+distinguished. The men, however, understood, by a motion of the
+captain's hand, when the time came--and the body of our dear little
+brother was committed to the deep.
+
+"So violent a squall was sweeping past the ship at this moment, that no
+sound was heard of the usual splash, which made the sailors allege that
+their young favourite never touched the water at all, but was at once
+carried off in the gale to his final resting-place!"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE TOPOGRAPHER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TRAVELLING NOTES IN SOUTH WALES.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+                       Either shore
+  Presents its combination to the view
+  Of all that interests, delights, enchants;--
+  Corn-waving fields, and pastures green, and slope,
+  And swell alternate, summits crown'd with leaf,
+  And grave-encircled mansions, verdant capes,
+  The beach, the inn, the farm, the mill, the path,
+  And tinkling rivulets, and waters wide,
+  Spreading in lake-like mirrors to the sun.
+
+  N.T. CARRINGTON.
+
+
+_Swansea Bay:--Scenery and Antiquities of Gower._
+
+The coast scenery of the western portion of Glamorgan is of singular
+beauty. We shall ever recall with delight our recollections of Gower,
+and we believe the future tourist will thank us for the outline of the
+more prominent beauties in the circle of the district, which we now
+give. Let us suppose ourselves at Swansea, and start on an excursion to
+the Mumbles and Caswell Bay. A road has been formed within these few
+years to the village of Oystermouth, about five miles from Swansea.
+It is perfectly level, bounded by a tram-road, and runs close to the
+sea-beach, forming the western side of Swansea Bay. The encroachments
+of the sea have been very extensive here; at high water shipping now
+traverse what was fifty years ago, we are told, a marshy flat, bordered
+by a wood near the present road, the stumps of which yet appear on the
+sandy beach. We have several times on riding to low water mark (about
+three quarters of a mile out) been nearly involved in a quick-sand
+adventure. Landward, the ground is broken and elevated, and thickly
+studded with gentlemen's seats the whole distance; many of which are
+embosomed in wood, and have a beautiful effect. Marino, an extensive
+new mansion in the Elizabethan or old English style of architecture,
+belonging to Mr. J.H. Vivian, and Woodlands Castle, the seat of General
+Warde, which is very picturesque, are particularly deserving of
+attention. After passing the hamlet of Norton, you near Oystermouth
+Castle, an extensive and splendid Gothic ruin, in fine preservation,
+which rears its "ivy-mantled" walls, above an eminence adjoining the
+road. Some suppose it to have been built by Henry de Newburgh, Earl
+of Warwick, in Henry the First's reign; others ascribe it on better
+authority to the Lords Braose, of Gower, in the reign of John; it is now
+the property of the Duke of Beaufort, whose care in its preservation
+cannot be too much commended. The inspection of this interesting ruin
+will repay the traveller:
+
+
+  By the grim storm-clouds overcast,
+  Even like a spectre of the past,--
+  Of rapine, feudal strife, and blood,
+    Thou tellest an old, wild, warlike story,
+  When squadrons on thy ramparts stood,
+    With spear and shield in martial glory!
+
+  DELTA.
+
+
+The walls are very lofty and not much injured by time; the plan of the
+various chambers, extensive vaults and chambers in the inner courtyard,
+can be perfectly distinguished. The general form of the castle, which
+must once have been very strong, is nearly a square, with a projecting
+gatehouse to the S.E. which is almost perfect. The keep on the eastern
+side commands a lovely view. About half a mile further is the village of
+Oystermouth, clustering with its whitewashed roofs along the foot and
+declivity of a high mass of rock, which juts boldly out into the sea
+for half a mile, forming the south-eastern extremity of Gower, and
+terminating Swansea Bay. The village is celebrated as a bathing place,
+and for its extensive fishery for oysters, with which it supplies
+Bristol, Gloucestershire, North Somerset, &c. This trade gives
+occupation to a considerable number of fishermen who are the chief
+inhabitants of the place; but in the spring and summer, Oystermouth,
+in consequence of the great beauty of the situation, and its extreme
+salubrity, is completely filled with strangers, and high rates are
+obtained for lodgings; the accommodations are mostly indifferent, though
+the place is improving fast. The prospect from the summit of the rocks
+is truly exhilarating and beautiful. On one side, the spectator beholds
+just below him, the Atlantic rushing with all its majesty up the Bristol
+Channel--rising over the mixon sands into a really mountainous
+swell--while on the other, Swansea Bay, glittering with the white sails
+and varied combinations of a crowd of shipping, seems spread out like a
+vast and beautiful lake; its eastern shores bounded in the distance by
+the mountainous and woody scenery of Britton-Ferry, Aberavon, Margam,
+gradually diminishing towards Pyle.
+
+To the north, beyond the town of Swansea, an immense cloud of smoke is
+seen suspended over the Vales of Tawy and Neath--an abomination in the
+face of heaven. Such is the Welsh Bay of Naples, which presents this
+remarkable appearance at this spot. The anchorage aside this range of
+cliffs affords, except in an east wind, a very secure road for shipping;
+sometimes in strong weather there are two or three hundred sail lying
+here. At the termination of the peninsula are two rocky islands called
+the Mumbles, and on the farthest is a large light-house; for the support
+of which a rate is levied on all the shipping up and down channel. Below
+the light-house an immense cavern called "Bob's Cove" can be seen at
+low water. We were told that the village under the shadow of the rocks,
+loses sight of the sun for three months in winter, but this is not
+"quite correct." Let us proceed westward. About a mile from Oystermouth
+is Newton; where there are several lodging-houses. There have been many
+instances of great longevity at this village, which is perhaps the
+healthiest spot on the coast. The road to Caswell Bay, which passes
+through Newton, is almost impassable for horses; a new one however is
+talked of. The rocky valley leading to Caswell Bay, which abruptly comes
+in sight between two projecting rocks, is singularly wild and romantic.
+The bay is absolutely a mine of the picturesque--the Lullworth Cove
+of Wales. A day may be spent delightfully among its rocks and
+caverns--taking care to visit them at low water. A few miles westward is
+Oxwich Bay, the main attraction of the coast, along the rocky summit of
+which the pedestrian should "wend his way," with the ocean roaring far
+beneath him. We will, however, return to Swansea, and endeavour briefly
+to recall our first excursion into Gower.
+
+Let us fancy ourselves therefore, on a bright April morning, riding
+along with a friend--a stranger like ourselves--on the high road from
+Swansea into the interior of the peninsula. After cantering over about
+seven miles of hill and valley and common, we entered a woody defile,
+and at last opened, to use a nautical phrase, the "Gower inn," (eight
+miles) which was built, we were told, expressly for the convenience of
+tourists. After ascending a tremendous rocky hill, for road it cannot
+be called, about a mile onwards, Oxwich Bay bursts at last in all its
+beauty upon our sight. In our inquiries during the day, of the few
+passengers we met, as to the distance of the village of Penrice, the
+intended limit of our day's excursion, we were forcibly reminded of the
+"mile and a bittock" of the north. The country is very thinly populated
+here: at last we came in sight of the grounds of Penrice Castle, the
+beautiful mansion of Mr. Talbot, the member for the county; the entrance
+to the park is between two of the towers belonging to the extensive and
+picturesque remains of the ancient Castle of Penrice, which stands close
+to the road. Sixteen miles from Swansea, after "curses not loud but
+deep" upon Welsh roads, we reached the sequestered village of Penrice,
+which stands on a wooded eminence of no easy access, overlooking the
+eastern shore of Oxwich Bay.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCANA OF SCIENCE FOR 1831.
+
+It has been our invariable practice to notice, _by extract only_, such
+works as we are connected with, or to which we have contributed; and in
+the present case we shall do little more.
+
+Now, the reader need not be here told that the plan of an Annual
+Register of Inventions and Improvements originated in _The Mirror_ about
+four years since. Our intention there was to quote an occasional page or
+two of novelties of popular interest in science and art, and leave more
+abstruse matters to the journals in which they originally appeared. This
+plan led us through most of the scientific records of the year, in which
+we began to perceive that the reduction of all subjects of importance
+was not compatible within a few pages, and sooner than allow many papers
+of value to every member of society to be locked under the uninviting
+denomination of _philosophy_, we undertook the abridgement and
+arrangement of such papers, upon the plan of an "Annual Register,"
+intending our volume specially to represent the progress of discovery
+just as the general "Register" is a contribution to history. The cost
+of the journals for this purpose proved to be upwards of Twelve Guineas,
+but this outlay only made us more pleased with the design. A single
+instance will suffice. The _Philosophical Magazine_, a work of high
+character, numbers among its purchasers but few general readers: it
+contains many mathematical, theoretical, and controversial papers, all
+of which may advance their object, but are not in a form sufficiently
+tangible for any but the scientific inquirer. Still, in the same
+Magazine, there may be papers of practical and directly useful
+character, and of ready application to the arts and interests of life
+and society. A person wishing to possess these popular papers must
+therefore purchase with them a quantity of matter which to him would
+be unintelligible, and the value of which could only be appreciated
+by direct study, a task of no small import in these days of cheap
+literature. That the plan has succeeded, and that its intention has
+been fully recognised, is borne out by the testimony of a score of our
+contemporaries. Of their praise we have no disposition to make an idle
+boast; and our only object in the present notice is to do for ourselves
+what we could not perhaps expect a weekly or monthly critic to do for
+us, viz. to quote the subjects of a few of the valuable papers in the
+present volume, and then leave the reader to form his own conclusions
+of its intrinsic value.
+
+In _Mechanical Science_ there are 100 closely-printed pages, or 90
+articles. Among these are papers on novel applications of the gigantic
+power of _Steam_ in Navigation and Agriculture, and especially in
+Railway Carriages; the grand invention of the Air Engine; improvements
+in Printing; machinery in manufactures; and contributions to
+experimental as well as practical mechanics.
+
+In _Chemical Science_ there are upwards of 60 New Facts. Among these is
+a valuable paper on Arsenic, by Dr. Christison, (from the _Philosophical
+Magazine_;) a method of ascertaining the vegeto-alkali in Bark; the
+influence of the Aurora Borealis on the Magnetic Needle; Lieut.
+Drummond's Plan for illuminating Light Houses by a ball of lime, (from
+the _Philosophical Transactions_); Laws of electrical accumulation, and
+the decomposition of water by atmospheric and ordinary electricity;
+the new Indigo; the spontaneous inflammation of charcoal; the nitrous
+atmosphere of Tirhoot, one of the principal districts in India for the
+manufacture of salt-petre; Discovery of a mass of meteoric iron in
+Bohemia; the chemical composition of cheese; Berzelius on the power of
+metallic rods to decompose water after their connexion with the galvanic
+pile is broken; an alkaline principle in Box-wood; Professor Davy on a
+new method of detecting metallic poisons; Mr. Bennet's new alloy for the
+pivot-holes of watches; experiments with Aldini's Fireproof Dresses;
+Dr. Ure on the composition of Gunpowder, and on Indigo; Dr. Bostock
+on the spontaneous purification of Thames water; Abstracts of Berzelius'
+statement of the progress of Chemical Science for 1829; Mr. Broughton
+on the effects of oxygen gas on various animals, &c.
+
+In _Zoology_ are papers--on the Fern Owl; Mr. Rennie's interesting Notes
+on the Cleanliness of Animals; Mechanism of the Voice in Singing; the
+Vision of Birds of Prey; New species of British Snake; Animalculae in
+Snow; Habits of the Chameleon; Peculiarity of the Negro Stomach; Growth
+of Spanish Flies; British Pearl Fishery on the Conway; the cause of
+Goitre; seat of the sense of touch and taste; stones found in the
+stomach of Pikes; Learned Poodles at Paris; Faculties of Domestic
+Animals; Increase of Mankind; Larva of the Gad-fly, which deposits its
+eggs in the bodies of the human species; Luminousness of the Sea, a
+valuable contribution; Motions in water caused by the respiration of
+Fishes; Cannibalism in New Guinea; Heron swallowing a Rat; Mr. Vigors
+on American Quails; Mr. Yarrell's experiments to preserve White Bait;
+On the fascination of Serpents; Notes on the Zoological Society, &c.
+
+In _Botany, Mineralogy, and Geology_, are--a valuable paper on the
+Flora of Sicily; Supposed sub-marine banks from Newfoundland to the
+English Channel: Mr. Bakewell, Jun. on the Falls of Niagara: Mr. Bicheno
+on the Shamrock of Ireland; Effect of Light on Plants; Immense Tree in
+Mexico; Mr. Murray on Raining Trees; Forms and Relations of Volcanoes;
+Cuticular Pores of Plants; Volcano of Pietra Mala; Milk Tree of
+Demarara; Productiveness of Plants and Animals; Height of the Perpetual
+Snows on the Cordillera of Peru; Gerard's Botanical Journey in the
+Himala Mountains; Changes of temperature in Plants; Humboldt's account
+of the Gold and Platina district of Russia; Sir H. Davy on the
+durability of Stone; Dr. Hibbert's account of a Natural Rocking-stone;
+Notices of Fossil Organic Remains discovered within the year;
+Instructions for collecting Geological specimens, &c.
+
+The _Astronomical and Meteorological_ division contains some important
+observations on Atmospherical Electricity, by Dr. Brewster; a note of
+the recent Visitation of Greenwich Observatory; Snow of the winters
+1829-30; Account of a Water-spout on the Lake Neufchatel; Mr. Herapath
+and Sir James South on the Comet; On the Rending of Timber by Lightning;
+Curious account of Hay converted into Glass by Lightning; The Occupation
+of Aldebaran by the Moon; Aurora Borealis observed during the year;
+and a Journal of the Weather of the year, by Mr. Tatem, the ingenious
+meteorologist, which paper we regret is not acknowledged from the
+_Magazine of Natural History_; appended to this is a tabular
+Meteorological Summary of 1830, communicated to the _Arcana of Science_
+by Dr. Armstrong.
+
+In _Rural Economy_ there are Abstracts from papers of considerable
+value and extent--on Pasturages, Chlorides applied to diseased Animals,
+Quality of Waste Land from the plants growing in it, Malt Duties, Beet
+Root Sugar, Aliment from Straw, Planting and Pruning, Indian Corn,
+Mangold Wurzol, &c. In _Gardening_ are upwards of 40 similar Abstracts.
+In _Domestic Economy_ are some practical papers on Milk, Bread, Sugar,
+Storing Fruit, Beer from Sugar, &c. In _Useful Arts_ are about
+half-a-dozen, pages. To these heads are added a List of Patents, Notices
+of Expeditions of Discovery, and a copious Index. The Illustrations,
+about twenty in number, represent such inventions as are most attractive
+by their ingenuity; and by way of Synopsis we may state that the whole
+contents of the volume are nearly 400 abstracts, including probably
+three times as many _new facts_.
+
+The utility of such a yearly volume speaks for itself, and however
+ungracefully a recommendation might come from our pen we could not
+refrain from thus introducing it to the readers of the _Mirror_
+especially as the _Arcana of Science_ contain scarcely half-a-dozen
+pages of facts which have been detailed in our weekly columns.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CALENDAR OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+
+This volume professes to be "A Familiar Analysis of the Calendar of
+the Church of England," by explaining and illustrating its Fasts and
+Festivals, &c., in the form of Question and Answer. The reader will
+not look for novelty in such a work. The editors of Time's Telescope,
+Clavis Calendaria, the Every-day Book, &c., have been too long and too
+laboriously employed in illustrating every point of the year's history,
+to lead us to expect any new attraction. Indeed, the preface of the
+present work does not profess to furnish any such inducement, the editor
+resting his claim on the cheapness of his book in comparison with
+the Every-day Book. This is rather an ungracious recommendation: the
+"Analysis" consists of less than three hundred pages, and is sold
+for five or six shillings; but these three hundred pages only equal
+seventy-five pages of the Every-day Book, or less than five sheets,
+which the public know may be purchased for fifteen-pence. One of the
+pretensions of the "Analysis" is its condensed form, but we suspect
+Mr. Valpy's _Epitomizing_ press would reduce the editor's three hundred
+pages to seventy-five. It is a thankless office to be obliged to speak
+thus of a book on which some pains have been bestowed. Now, had it
+been printed within the compass of an eighteen-penny or two shilling
+catechism, the desired object would have been obtained; but, as it
+appears, in the type of a large church prayer-book, what may have been
+gained in arrangement, must be paid for in paper and print, so that no
+good purpose is ultimately effected.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FAMILIAR LAW.
+
+Parts 3 and 4 of the _Familiar Law Adviser_ relate to Bills of Exchange
+and Promissory Notes--and Benefit Societies and Savings' Banks--and will
+be found extremely useful to very different classes. They have in them
+all the reforming spirit of the times, and must be of essential service
+everywhere, since _cheap law_ is as desirable us any other species of
+economy. Brevity, too, as recommended in these little books, should
+be the soul of law as it is of wit, for we all know that as the law
+lengthens so the cost strengthens. Another advantage will be, that the
+sooner a man is set right, the more time will he have for increasing
+his good actions in this life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEATH.
+
+Oh God! what a difference throughout the whole of this various and
+teeming earth a single DEATH can effect! Sky, sun, air, the eloquent
+waters, the inspiring mountain-tops, the murmuring and glossy wood,
+the very
+
+  Glory in the grass, and splendour in the flower,
+
+do these hold over us an eternal spell? Are they as a part and property
+of an unvarying course of nature? Have they aught which is unfailing,
+steady--_same_ in its effect? Alas! their attraction is the creature
+of an accident. One gap, invisible to all but ourself in the crowd and
+turmoil of the world, and every thing is changed. In a single hour,
+the whole process of thought, the whole ebb and flow of emotion, may be
+revulsed for the rest of an existence. Nothing can ever seem to us as it
+did: it is a blow upon the fine mechanism by which we think, and move,
+and have our being--the pendulum vibrates aright no more--the dial hath
+no account with time--the process goes on, but it knows no symmetry or
+order;--it was a single stroke that marred it, but the harmony is gone
+for ever!
+
+And yet I often think that that shock which jarred on the mental,
+renders yet softer the moral nature. A death that is connected with love
+unites us by a thousand remembrances to all who have mourned: it builds
+a bridge between the young and the old; it gives them in common the most
+touching of human sympathies; it steals from nature its glory and its
+exhilaration--not its tenderness. And what, perhaps, is better than all,
+to mourn deeply for the death of another, loosens from ourself the petty
+desire for, and the animal adherence to, life. We have gained the end of
+the philosopher, and view, without shrinking, the coffin and the
+pall.--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SCOTT AND COOPER.
+
+An example of Mr. Cooper's appreciation of his illustrious rival,
+Sir Walter Scott, occurred while he was sitting for the portrait that
+accompanied the _New Monthly Magazine_ for last month.--The artist,
+Madame Mirbel, requested of a distinguished statesman.--"No," said
+Cooper, "if I must look at any, it shall be at my master," directing
+his glance a little higher, to a portrait of Sir Walter Scott.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FRANCE.
+
+France, "with all thy faults I love thee still!" No man should travel
+from his cradle to his grave without paying thee a visit by the
+way: with a disposition prone to enjoyment, it lightens the journey
+amazingly. The French are a kind people, and it must be his fault who
+cannot live happily with them. Pity it is, possessing, as they do,
+whatever can contribute to the felicity of a people in a state of peace,
+that war should be indispensable in order to render their idea of
+happiness complete. _La gloire_ and _la guerre_ form the eternal burden
+of their song--as if the chief business of life were to destroy life.
+They would fight to-morrow with any nation on earth, for no better an
+object than the chance of achieving a victory. Laugh at me, if you
+please, for uttering what you may consider a foolish opinion, but I look
+upon it as a serious misfortune to them that the two words _Gloire_ and
+_Victoire_ rhyme together: they so constantly occur in that portion
+of their poetry which is the most popular, and the best calculated to
+excite them in a high degree--their _vaudeville_ songs--that the two
+ideas they express have become identical in their minds; and he will
+deserve well of his country who shall discover the means of making
+_glory_ rhyme to _peace_.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"HELP YOURSELF."
+
+The custom of HELPING ONESELF has its sanction in the remotest
+antiquity, and has been continued down to the present day in the highest
+places, and by those whom it especially behoves to set example to the
+world. It was clearly never designed that man should regulate his
+conduct for the good of others, for the first lesson taught to the first
+of men, was to take care of himself; had it been intended that men
+should study the good of each other, a number would surely have been
+simultaneously created for the exercise of the principle, instead of
+one, who, being alone, was essentially selfish. Adam was all the world
+to himself. With the addition of Eve, human society commenced; and the
+fault of our first mother furnishes a grand and terrible example of the
+mischief of thinking of the benefit of another. Satan suggested to her
+that Adam should partake of the fruit--an idea, having in it the taint
+of benevolence, so generally mistaken--whence sin and death came into
+the world. Had Eve been strictly selfish, she would wisely have kept the
+apples to herself, and the evil would have been avoided. Had Adam helped
+himself, he would have had no stomach for the helping of another--and
+so, on his part, the evil temptation had been obviated.
+
+The HELP YOURSELF principle has at no time been extinct in society,
+while it is seen to be a universal law of Nature. The wolf _helps
+himself_ to the lamb, and the lamb to the grass. No animal assists
+another, excepting when in the relation of parent to young, when
+Nature could not dispense with the caprice of benevolence, which in
+this instance, be it observed, distresses the parties susceptible of
+the sentiment; for suckling creatures are always in poor condition.
+Appropriation is the great business of the universe. The institution
+of property is, on the other hand, artificial.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BALLET OF KENILWORTH, AT THE KING'S THEATRE.
+
+There is a very curious and ingenious, though not original, exhibition
+in this ballet. Among the festivities at Kenilworth Castle, in honour
+of the royal guests, a pantomimic "masque" of the gods and goddesses of
+Olympus is introduced. The divinities, instead of appearing in genuine
+Grecian attire, present themselves in the mongrel costume visual on such
+occasions in the time of Queen Elizabeth. This is droll enough, but more
+whimsical still is the style of their dancing. This, too, is meant as an
+imitation of the limited choregraphic _savoir faire_ of the age. It is
+as if Mons. Deshayes had triumphantly intended to portray the first
+dawn of an art which he considers to have now reached the summit of
+perfection. But who knows but the Monsieur _Un tel_ of 1931 may, with
+equal boldness, parody the pirouettes of Monsieur Deshayes? Even the
+music to this mythological interlude is borrowed from ancient scores;
+a happy thought, which deserves commendation.--_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE NEW MAGAZINE.
+
+Mr. Campbell, the Poet, has seceded from the _New Monthly Magazine_,
+and commenced a magazine of his own--_The Metropolitan_. Without
+prejudice to the first-mentioned work, he has our best wishes for his
+new undertaking. The New Monthly Magazine has, however, supplied the
+_Mirror_ with brighter columns than any of its contemporaries, and
+we are mindful of the obligation, especially for that gay and lively
+description of writing which is really the _patter_ of literature.
+It will soon be seen whether Mr. Campbell and his forces succeed.
+The Number before us is, for a first, excellent. The Editor's Paper on
+Ancient Geography, with which it opens, is worth the price of the whole
+magazine: nay, it is worth more than many a modern quarto. Other papers
+are attractive; and there is much of the spirit of the times throughout
+the Number.--Poland, the Political Times, and the Lord Chancellor's
+Levee--are vividly written. The last is a good specimen of the "keep
+moving" style of a Magazine. We intend to quote largely from the
+
+
+_Memoirs of the Macaw of a Lady of Quality_,
+
+BY LADY MORGAN:
+
+I am a native of one of the most splendid regions of the earth, where
+nature dispenses all her bounties with a liberal hand; and where man
+and bird are released from half the penalties to which, in other climes,
+their flesh is heir. I was born in one of those superb forests of fruit
+and flowers so peculiar to the Brazils, which stood at no great distance
+from an Indian village, and was not far removed from an European
+settlement. This forest was impervious to human footsteps. A nation of
+apes occupied the interior; and the dynasty of the Psittacus Severus,
+or Brazilian queen macaw, inhabited the upper regions.--Several
+subject-states of green and yellow parrots constituted our colonial
+neighbours. My family held the highest rank in the privileged classes
+of our oligarchy; for our pride would not admit of a king, and our
+selfishness (so I must call it) would allow of no rights. We talked
+nevertheless in our legislative assemblies of our happy constitution,
+which by tacit agreement we understood to mean "happy for ourselves;"
+but the green and yellow parrots too plainly showed a strong disposition
+to put another interpretation on the phraseology. My paternal nest was
+situated in the hollow of one of the most ancient and lofty trees in the
+forest. It had once been rich in fruit and flowers, gums and odours,
+and all in the same season; and though it was now scathed at the top,
+hollow in the trunk, and was threatened with total ruin from the first
+hurricane, we still preferred it, because it _was_ the oldest. I owed
+all my early impressions, and much of my acquired superiority, to my
+great grandfather, who lived to an extreme old age, and attained a
+celebrity, of which we were ourselves at that time unaware. He was
+the identical bird which was brought from Marignan to Prince Maurice,
+governor of the Brazils, and whose pertinent answers to many silly
+questions are recorded in the pages of the greatest of English
+philosophers. My great grandfather was soon disgusted with the folly
+and cruelty of what is called civilized life; and having seen an Indian
+roasted alive for a false religion's sake, he thought that some day they
+might take it into their heads to do as much by a macaw, for the same
+reason. So he availed himself of an early opportunity of retiring
+without leave from the service, and returned to his native forest, where
+his genius and learning at once raised him to the highest honours of
+the Psittacan aristocracy. Influenced by his example, I early felt the
+desire of visiting foreign countries. My mother too (who, though fond
+and indulgent, like all the mothers of our race, was as vain and foolish
+as any that I have since met with in human society) worked powerfully
+on my ambition, by her constant endeavours to "push me up the tree,"
+as she called it, in her way. I was already a first-rate orator, and a
+member of the great congress of macaws; while in our social re-unions
+I left all the young birds of fashion far behind me: and as I not only
+articulated some human sounds picked up from the Indians, but could
+speak a few words of Portuguese and Dutch, learned by rote from my great
+grandfather, I was considered a genius of high order. With the conceit,
+therefore, of all my noble family, I was prompted to go forth and visit
+other and better worlds, and to seek a sphere better adapted to the
+display of my presumed abilities, than that afforded by our domestic
+senate and home-spun society. On one of those celestial nights, known
+only in the tropical regions, I set forth on my travels, directing my
+course to the Portuguese settlement, which the youthful vigour of my
+wing enabled me to reach by the break of morning. Having refreshed
+myself with a breakfast of fruit, after the exhaustion of my nocturnal
+flight, I ascended a spacious palm tree, which afforded an admirable
+view of the adjacent country, and a desirable shelter from the ardours
+of the rising sun. My first impulse was to take a bird's-eye view of the
+novel scene which lay before me, and I gazed around for some minutes
+with intense delight; but fatigue gradually obtained the mastery over
+curiosity, and, putting my head unconsciously beneath my wing, I fell
+into a profound sleep. How long this continued, I know not; but I was
+suddenly awakened by a strange muttering of unknown voices. I looked,
+and beheld two creatures whose appearance greatly surprised me. They had
+nothing of the noble form and aspect of our Indian neighbours. One of
+them considerably resembled the preacher-monkey in countenance and
+deportment; his head was denuded of hair, and his person was covered by
+a black substance, which left no limb visible except his ancles and
+feet, which were very much like those of an ape. The other had all the
+air of a gigantic parrot: he had a hooked bill, a sharp look, a yellow
+head; and all the rest of his strange figure was party-coloured, blue,
+green, red, and black. I classed him at once as a specimen of the
+Psittacus Ochropterus. The ape and the parrot seemed to have taken
+shelter beneath the palm tree, like myself, for the purposes of shade
+and repose. They had beside them a basket filled with dead game, fruit,
+and honey; and the parrot had a long instrument near him on the ground,
+which I afterwards learned was a fowling-piece. They talked a strange
+jargon of different intonation, like that of the respective chatter of
+the grey and the green parrots. Both seemed to complain, and, by the
+expression of their ugly and roguish faces, to interrogate each other.
+As soon as they went away, I endeavoured to mutter to myself the sounds
+they had uttered, but could retain only two phrases. The one had been
+spoken by the ape, and ran thus--"Shure it was for my sweet sowl's
+sake, jewel;" the other was--"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of the
+siller." I was extremely amused by my acquisition; and, being convinced
+that I was now qualified to present myself at the settlement, was about
+to descend from my altitude, when the two strangers returned: they had
+come back for the gun, which they had left behind them. As they picked
+it up, it went off, and I was startled into one of my loudest screams.
+The strangers looked at me with great delight, he whom I likened to the
+parrot exclaiming--"Weel, mon, what brought you here?" I answered in his
+own words, for want of better--"Eh, sirs, it was aw' for the love of
+the siller." He dropped his piece, and fled in consternation, calling
+lustily--"Its auld clooty himsen, mon, its auld Horny, I tell ye; come
+awa, come awa." His friend, who seemed more acquainted with our species,
+encouraged him to return; and offering me some fruit from his basket,
+said--"Why, Poll, you cratur, what brought you so far from home?" I
+endeavoured to imitate his peculiar tone, and replied--"Why thin it was
+for my sweet sowl's sake, jewel."--"Why then," said my interlocutor,
+coolly (for I never forgot his words) "that bird bates cockfighting."
+They now both endeavoured to catch me. It was all I wanted, and I
+perched on the preaching-monkey's wrist, while he took up the basket
+in his left hand, and in this easy and commodious style of travelling,
+we proceeded. On approaching the settlement, a fierce dispute arose
+between the friends; of which, by each tearing me from the other, I was
+evidently the object; and I am quite sure that I should have been torn
+to pieces between them, but for the timely approach of a person who
+issued from a lofty and handsome edifice on the road side, attended by
+a train of preacher-monkeys, of which he was the chief. He was quite a
+superior looking being to either of my first acquaintance, who cowered
+and shrunk beneath his eagle look. They seemed humbly to lay their cases
+before him; when, after looking contemptuously on both, he took me to
+himself, caressed me, and giving me to an attendant, said--"This bird
+belongs to neither, it is the property of mother church:" and the
+property of mother church I remained for some years. Of my two friends
+of the palm-tree, one, the preacher-monkey, turned out to be a poor
+Irish lay brother, of the convent of which my new master (an Irishman
+too) was the superior. My yellow parrot was a Scotch adventurer, who
+came out to give lectures on _poleetical economy_ to the Brazilians:
+and who, finding that they had no taste for moral science, had become
+a servant of all-work to the brotherhood. My dwelling was a missionary
+house of the Propaganda, established for the purpose of converting
+(i.e. burning) the poor Indians. The Superior, Father Flynn, had
+recently arrived from Lisbon with unlimited powers. He was clever,
+eloquent, witty, and humorous; but panting for a bishopric in his native
+country, he was principally employed in theological writings, which
+might bring him into notice and hasten his recall to Europe.
+
+Next to the servant's hall of a great English family, the first place
+in the world for completing the education of a macaw of genius, is a
+convent. Its idleness and ennui render a monkey, or a parrot, a valuable
+resource; and between what I picked up, and what I was taught by the
+monks of the Propaganda, my acquirements soon became stupendous. Always
+following my kind master from the refectory to the church, assisting at
+mess or at mass, being near him in the seclusion of the oratory, and in
+the festivities, he frequently held with his more confidential friends;
+I had loaded my astonishing memory with scraps of theology and of fun.
+I could sing a French drinking song, taught me by the sub-prior Frere
+Jacques, and intonate a "Gloria in Excelsis" with a true nasal twang.
+I had actually learned the Creed in English;[3] and could call all the
+brothers by their name. I had even learned the Savoyard's dance from
+my friend Frere Jacques, and sung "Gai Coco" at the same time, like
+Scaliger's parrot, from whose history Frere Jacques took the idea
+of teaching me. I did this, it must be acknowledged, with great
+awkwardness, turning in my toes, and often tumbling backwards in a
+clumsy and ludicrous way. But this amused my religious friends more than
+all the rest; for, like the great, they loved a ridicule as well as a
+talent; and, provided they were amused, were not nice as to the means.
+My fame soon began to spread on all sides, and the anecdotes told of the
+macaw of the Propaganda soon reached the circles of the Governor of the
+Brazils, who wrote to request the pleasure of my company for a few weeks
+at the palace. This was a compliment which he had never paid to the
+learned superior of the order, and my master was evidently hurt. He
+declined therefore the invitation for me, on the plea that he would
+soon visit Rio Janeiro himself, when I should accompany him into the
+vice-regal presence.
+
+This visit shortly took place, not for the object supposed by the
+community, (who parted with me, even for a short time, with great
+regret,) but for another purpose. The British ambassador, Lord ----, who
+had recently arrived at Rio, was a countryman of Father Flynn's. He
+enjoyed eminent literary celebrity, was a delightful poet, and well
+acquainted with the Portuguese language. The superior had no doubt that
+his own literary and theological merits were equally known to his
+excellency, whom he visited with a view to negotiating a passage in the
+British man of war; for he had been called on a secret mission to
+Ireland, and wished to depart without notifying his intention to the
+subaltern of the Propaganda. I was not included in the muster-roll of
+this expedition; but anxious to lose no opportunity of seeing the world,
+and desirous of beholding the Governor, who had shown his taste and
+politeness by inviting me to his court, I contrived to nestle myself in
+the carriage without the superior's knowledge, and followed his steps to
+the very ante-room of the embassy. It was too late to send me back; for
+I was instantly seized by a company of pretty young animals, the very
+reverse in appearance of the preacher-monkeys of the Propaganda; they
+all seemed to find in me a kindred soul: my master was ushered into the
+cabinet, and I was left with my new acquaintance, who were called
+"_attaches_," but whom I at once classed with the secretary-birds,[4]
+while here and there, I thought, was mingled among them a specimen of
+the booby, or Pelicanus Sula. Two of these mischievous creatures seemed
+to delight in tormenting me from mere idleness and ennui, which I bore
+for some time with great patience, as I saw the boobies pay them much
+respect. One was called Lord Charles, and the other the Hon. Mr. Henry.
+I learned these names with facility, and contrived to repeat them, as
+they had been taught me, by the frequent iteration of one of the
+boobies.
+
+    [3] "Rhodoginus mentions a parrot which could recite correctly the
+        whole of the Apostle's Creed."--Animal Biography, by the Rev.
+        W. Bingley.
+
+
+    [4] "The Dutch," says Le Vaillant, "give this bird the name of
+        Secretary, on account of the bunch of quills behind its
+        head."--Bingley, Animal Biography.
+
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+  SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PRISONS.
+
+We had formerly in the Tower of London, a straight room or dungeon,
+called, from the misery the unhappy occupiers of this very confined
+place endured, the Little-Ease. But this will appear a luxurious
+habitation, when compared with the inventions of Louis XI. of France,
+with his iron cages, in which persons of rank lay for whole years;
+or his oubliettes, dungeons made in the form of reversed cones,
+with concealed trap-doors, down which dropped the unhappy victims
+of the tyrant, brought there by Tristam L'Hermite, his companion and
+executioner in ordinary; sometimes their sides were plain, sometimes
+set with knives, or sharp-edged wheels; but in either cases they were
+complete _oubliettes;_ the devoted were certain to fall into the land
+where all things are forgotten.--(_Pennant's London._)
+
+When the Bastille of France was demolished, three iron cages were
+discovered, they were made of strong bars of iron, about eight feet high
+and six feet wide, and such have been used in other prisons in that
+country. The Bishop of Verdun, according to Mezeray, was the inventer,
+and was himself the first man confined in them, and remained a prisoner
+thus for eleven years, so that he could speak practically as to his own
+invention.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FEMALE LEANDER.
+
+The Duchess of Chevereux, who was for the first time at the court of
+England, in 1638, swam across the Thames, in a frolic, near Windsor. On
+this occasion some verses were composed by a Sir J. M. containing these
+lines:--
+
+  But her chaste breast, cold as the cloyster'd nun,
+  Whose frost to chrystal might congeal the sun,
+  So glar'd the stream, that pilots, there afloat,
+  Thought they might safely land without a boat;
+  July had seen the Thames in ice involv'd,
+  Had it not been by her own beams dissolv'd.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BIRTHDAY PRAYER.
+
+The observance of a birthday by _prayer_ is not altogether incurious
+in these days of license; and the following specimen, quoted from the
+_Diary_ of that truly good man, JOHN EVELYN, may be entertained as the
+genuine effusion of piety, unmixed with any alloy of fanaticism, or
+religious enthusiasm:--
+
+_Oct_. 31, 1689.--My birthday, being now 69 years old. Blessed Father
+who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to see so
+great and wonderful revolutions, and preserved me amidst them to this
+moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and
+thankful acknowledgements, and grant me grace to be working out my
+salvation and redeeming the time, that thou mayest be glorified by me
+here, and my soul immortal saved, whenever thou shalt call for it to
+perpetuate thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where
+there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest and peace, and joy
+and consummate felicity for ever. Grant this, O Heavenly Father, for
+the sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Saviour. Amen.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CURIOUS LETTER,
+
+_From a country squire, in the 18th century, to a gentleman in London,
+who had written to him concerning the character of a Servant._
+
+"Sir--Yours I receiv'd the 24th of this present instant, June, and, at
+your request, will give you an impartial account of my man, John Gray's
+character. He is a shoemaker, or cordwainer, which you please to call
+it, by trade, and now in our town; he is following the carding business
+for every one that wants him; he served his time at a town called
+Binstock, in Northamptonshire; and from thence the Great Addington
+journeyman, to this occupation, as before mentioned, and used to come to
+my house, and found, by riding my horses to water, that he rode a horse
+pretty well; which was not at all mistaken, for he rides a horse well:
+and he looks after a kennel of hounds very well, and finds a hare very
+well: he hath no judgement in hunting a pack of hounds now, though he
+rides well, he don't with discretion, for he don't know how to make the
+most of a horse; but a very harey-starey fellow: will ride over a church
+if in his way, though he may prevent a leap by having a gap within ten
+yards of him; and if you are not in the field with himself, when you are
+hunting to tutor him about riding, he will kill all the horses you have
+in the stable in one month, for he hath killed downright, and lamed so
+that they will never be fit for use, no more than five horses since he
+has hunted my hounds, which is two years and upwards; he can talk no dog
+language to a hound; he hath no voice; speaks to a hound such as if his
+head were in a churn; nor neither does he know how to draw a hound when
+they are at a loss, no more than a child of seven years old. As to his
+honesty, I always found him honest till about a week ago. I sent my
+servant that I have now to fetch some sheep's feet from Mr. Stranjan,
+of Higham Ferrers, where Gray used to go for feet, and I always send
+my money by the man that brings the feet; and Stranjan told my man that
+I have now that I owed him money for feet; and when the man came home
+he told me, and I went to Stranjan, and then I found the truth of the
+matter. Gray had kept the money in his hands, and had never paid
+Stranjan: he had along with me once for a letter, in order for his
+character, to give him one, but I told him I could not give him a good
+one, so I would not write at all. Gray is a very great drunkard, can't
+keep a penny in his pocket: a sad notorious lyar. If you send him upon
+a mile or two from Uphingham, he will get drunk, stay all day, and never
+come home while the middle of the night, or such time as he knows his
+master is in bed. He can nor will not keep any secret; neither has he
+so much wit as other people, for the fellow is half a fool, for if you
+would have business done with expedition, if he once gets out of the
+town, or sight of you, shall see him no more, while the next morning he
+serves me so and so: you must expect the same if you hire him. I use you
+just as I would be used myself; it I desired a character of you of a
+servant, that I had design'd to hire of yours, as to let you know the
+truth of every thing about him.
+
+"I am, sir, your most humble servant to command.
+
+"_Great Addington, June_ 28, 1734.
+
+"P.S. He takes good care of his horses, with good looking after as
+to the dressing of them; but if you don't take care, he will fill the
+manger full of corn, so that he will clog the horses, and ruin the whole
+stable of horses."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EPITAPH
+
+_Upon two religious disputants who are interred within a few paces of
+each other._
+
+
+  Suspended here, a contest see,
+  Of two whose creeds cou'd ne'er agree,
+  For whether they would preach or pray,
+  They'd do it in a different way;
+  And they wou'd fain our fate deny'd,
+  In quite a different manner dy'd!
+  Yet think not that their rancour's o'er,
+  No! for 'tis ten to one, and more,
+  Tho' quiet now as either lies,
+  But they've a wrangle when they rise.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONGEVITY.
+
+In St. Michael's churchyard, at Litchfield, an ancient tombstone was
+lately discovered, which had been buried in the earth a great number
+of years. Upon it are deeply cut the following inscriptions:--
+
+      Here lyes the Body
+      of William Clarke,
+    who was Clarke of this
+  Church 51 years, and buried
+   March 25th, 1525, aged 96.
+
+      Here lyes the Body
+      of William Clarke,
+   Clarke of this Church 71
+  years, who died Septem. 26,
+      1562, and aged 86.
+
+
+The father lived in the reigns of six different kings, viz. Henry the
+Sixth, Edwards the Fourth and Fifth, Richard the Third, and Henry the
+Seventh and Eighth. The son in seven reigns, viz. from Edward the Fourth
+to Mary the First.
+
+_Morning Chronicle, October 8, 1822._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LINES
+
+_Written by a ragged Irishman, a passenger on board a vessel with the
+Archbishop of Tuam._
+
+  If each man had his suum,
+  You would not have Tuam,
+  But I should get meum,
+  And sing a _Te Deum_.
+
+
+G.K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAY.
+
+The following verses were composed by John Barbour, a poet and divine,
+who was born at Aberdeen in 1330. They afford a specimen of the poetry
+in his time:--
+
+
+  "This was in midst of month of May,
+  When birdis sing on ilka spray,
+  Melland[5] their notes, with seemly soun,
+  For softness of the sweet seasoun.
+
+  "And leavis of the branchis spreeds,
+  And blomis bright, beside them, breeds
+  And Fieldis strawed are with flow'rs
+  Well savouring of seir[6] colours;
+  And all things wor this, blyth, and gay."
+
+
+P.T.W.
+
+    [5] Mingling.
+
+    [6] Their.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POPULAR SCIENCE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+This Day is published, price 5s.
+
+ARCANA of SCIENCE, and ANNUAL REGISTER of the USEFUL ARTS for 1831.
+
+"This is the fourth annual volume of a most useful compilation of the
+various discoveries in science or inventions of art during the preceding
+year. The volume commences, very properly, with an abridgment of what
+may be termed the greatest work of art which has distinguished the
+present century--the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Various other
+improvements in the different departments of the arts which have
+appeared in the several scientific journals of the last year, are here
+presented in a condensed form, so as to render the volume, in reality,
+an excellent book of reference. The object of the editor seems to have
+been that of blending entertainment with valuable information, the work
+being illustrated by many neat engravings relating to the popular
+branches of science. The volume, therefore, contains a very interesting
+compendium of information for young people."--_New Monthly Magazine._
+
+Printed for JOHN LIMBIRD, 143, Strand;--of whom may be had the Volumes
+for the three preceding years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near Somerset
+House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic;
+G.G. BENNIS, 55, Rue Neuve, St. Augustin, Paris; and by all Newsmen
+and Booksellers._
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT,
+AND INSTRUCTION, VOL. 17, NO. 488, MAY 7, 1831***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 12650.txt or 12650.zip *******
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