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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index 6833f05..d7b82bc 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -* text=auto -*.txt text -*.md text +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf @@ -1,32 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Book of Dreams and Ghosts, by Andrew Lang - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - - - - -Title: The Book of Dreams and Ghosts - -Author: Andrew Lang - -Release Date: June 14, 2004 [eBook #12621] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: US-ASCII - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF DREAMS AND GHOSTS*** - - - - -Transcribed by David Price, email ccx074@coventry.ac.uk +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12621 *** @@ -8399,400 +8371,4 @@ the west coast of Iceland. Wraiths," but, it is such an uncommon one! - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF DREAMS AND GHOSTS*** - - -******* This file should be named 12621.txt or 12621.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/6/2/12621 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. 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For -example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: - -https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 - -or filename 24689 would be found at: -https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 - -An alternative method of locating eBooks: -https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL - -*** END: FULL LICENSE *** +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12621 *** diff --git a/12621-h.zip b/12621-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index fab201e..0000000 --- a/12621-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/12621-h/12621-h.htm b/12621-h/12621-h.htm index 9e0cafc..4245792 100644 --- a/12621-h/12621-h.htm +++ b/12621-h/12621-h.htm @@ -1,13 +1,11 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html - PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html> +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> <head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> -<title>The Book of Dreams and Ghosts</title> - <style type="text/css"> -/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ -<!-- +<meta charset="utf-8"> + +<title>The Book of Dreams and Ghosts | Project Gutenberg</title> +<link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover"> + <style> P { margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .75em; } @@ -24,43 +22,14 @@ BODY{margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; } - .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ - // --> - /* XML end ]]>*/ - </style> + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */</style> </head> <body> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12621 ***</div> <h2> <a href="#startoftext">The Book of Dreams and Ghosts, by Andrew Lang</a> </h2> -<pre> -The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Book of Dreams and Ghosts, by Andrew Lang - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - - - - -Title: The Book of Dreams and Ghosts - -Author: Andrew Lang - -Release Date: June 14, 2004 [eBook #12621] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: US-ASCII - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF DREAMS AND GHOSTS*** -</pre> -<p><a name="startoftext"></a></p> -<p>Transcribed by David Price, email ccx074@coventry.ac.uk</p> +<p><a id="startoftext"></a></p> <h1>THE BOOK OF DREAMS AND GHOSTS</h1> <h2>PREFACE TO THE NEW IMPRESSION</h2> <p>Since the first edition of this book appeared (1897) a considerable @@ -87,7 +56,7 @@ of something which is not present.</p> physiological processes involved in perception, real or false. Every “hallucination” is a perception, “as good and true a sensation as if there were a real object there. The object -happens <i>not</i> to be there, that is all.” <a name="citation0a"></a><a href="#footnote0a">{0a}</a> +happens <i>not</i> to be there, that is all.” <a id="citation0a"></a><a href="#footnote0a">{0a}</a> We are not here concerned with the visions of insanity, delirium, drugs, drink, remorse, or anxiety, but with “sporadic cases of hallucination, visiting people only once in a lifetime, which seems to be by far the @@ -96,7 +65,7 @@ most frequent type”. “These,” says Mr. James, often extraordinarily complete; and the fact that many of them are reported as <i>veridical</i>, that is, as coinciding with real events, such as accidents, deaths, etc., of the persons seen, is an additional complication -of the phenomenon.” <a name="citation0b"></a><a href="#footnote0b">{0b}</a> +of the phenomenon.” <a id="citation0b"></a><a href="#footnote0b">{0b}</a> A ghost, if seen, is undeniably so far a “hallucination” that it gives the impression of the presence of a real person, in flesh, blood, and usually clothes. No such person in flesh, blood, and @@ -371,7 +340,7 @@ went mad when Mary wakened me, and said she had dreamed Fanti went mad, and turned into a cat, and we threw him into the fire.”</p> <p>Thus, as several people may see the same ghost at once, several people may dream the same dream at once. As a matter of fact, Fanti lived, -sane and harmless, “all the length of all his years”. <a name="citation4"></a><a href="#footnote4">{4}</a></p> +sane and harmless, “all the length of all his years”. <a id="citation4"></a><a href="#footnote4">{4}</a></p> <p>Now, this anecdote is credible, certainly is credible by people who know the dreaming family. It is nothing more than a curiosity of coincidences; and, as Fanti remained a sober, peaceful hound, in @@ -389,12 +358,12 @@ said, “I have had a queer dream as well. I dreamt that mother was dead.” “So did I,” said each of the other brothers. And the mother had died on the night of this dreaming. Mrs. Hudson, daughter of one of the brothers, heard the story from all -three. <a name="citation5a"></a><a href="#footnote5a">{5a}</a></p> +three. <a id="citation5a"></a><a href="#footnote5a">{5a}</a></p> <p>The distribution of the fulfilled is less than that of the unfulfilled dream by three to five. It has the extra coincidence of the death. But as it is very common to dream of deaths, some such dreams must occasionally hit the target.</p> -<p>Other examples might be given of shared dreams: <a name="citation5b"></a><a href="#footnote5b">{5b}</a> +<p>Other examples might be given of shared dreams: <a id="citation5b"></a><a href="#footnote5b">{5b}</a> they are only mentioned here to prove that all the <i>waking</i> experiences of things ghostly, such as visions of the absent and of the dead, and of the non-existent, are familiar, and may even be common simultaneously @@ -448,7 +417,7 @@ familiar to most people, in history and art. But, if we dreamed of being present at an unchronicled scene in Queen Mary’s life, and if, <i>after</i> the dream was recorded, a document proving its accuracy should be for the first time recovered, then there is matter -for a good dream-story. <a name="citation8"></a><a href="#footnote8">{8}</a> +for a good dream-story. <a id="citation8"></a><a href="#footnote8">{8}</a> Again, we dream of an event not to be naturally guessed or known by us, and our dream (which should be recorded before tidings of the fact arrive) tallies with the news of the event when it comes. Or, @@ -499,7 +468,7 @@ dark with <i>wasps</i>. Mrs. Herbert now first remembered and told her dream, adding, “but in the dream they were <i>bees</i>”. Wilburd now came up and advised them not to go nearer, as a wasps’ nest had been injured and the wasps were on the warpath.</p> -<p>Here accidental coincidence is probable enough. <a name="citation10"></a><a href="#footnote10">{10}</a> +<p>Here accidental coincidence is probable enough. <a id="citation10"></a><a href="#footnote10">{10}</a> There is another class of dreams very useful, and apparently not so very uncommon, that are veracious and communicate correct information, which the dreamer did not know that he knew and was very anxious to @@ -515,7 +484,7 @@ own door. He woke, got up, dressed, walked down the street and found his cheque in the place he had dreamed of. In his opinion he had noticed it fall from his pocket as he walked to the letter-box, without consciously remarking it, and his deeper memory awoke in slumber. -<a name="citation11a"></a><a href="#footnote11a">{11a}</a></p> +<a id="citation11a"></a><a href="#footnote11a">{11a}</a></p> <h3>THE DUCKS’ EGGS</h3> <p>A little girl of the author’s family kept ducks and was anxious to sell the eggs to her mother. But the eggs could not be found @@ -523,13 +492,13 @@ by eager search. On going to bed she said, “Perhaps I shall dream of them”. Next morning she exclaimed, “I <i>did</i> dream of them, they are in a place between grey rock, broom, and mallow; that must be ‘The Poney’s Field’!” And -there the eggs were found. <a name="citation11b"></a><a href="#footnote11b">{11b}</a></p> +there the eggs were found. <a id="citation11b"></a><a href="#footnote11b">{11b}</a></p> <h3>THE LOST KEY</h3> <p>Lady X., after walking in a wood near her house in Ireland, found that she had lost an important key. She dreamed that it was lying at the root of a certain tree, where she found it next day, and her theory is the same as that of Mr. A., the owner of the lost cheque. -<a name="citation11c"></a><a href="#footnote11c">{11c}</a></p> +<a id="citation11c"></a><a href="#footnote11c">{11c}</a></p> <p>As a rule dreams throw everything into a dramatic form. Some one knocks at our door, and the dream bases a little drama on the noise; it constructs an explanatory myth, a myth to account for the noise, @@ -559,7 +528,7 @@ dramatised into the arrival of visitors. Probably it did not last for more than two or three seconds of real time. The maid’s second knock just prevented the revelation of the name of “Messrs. ---,” who, like the lady in the mantilla, were probably non-existent -people. <a name="citation13"></a><a href="#footnote13">{13}</a></p> +people. <a id="citation13"></a><a href="#footnote13">{13}</a></p> <p>Thus dream dramatises on the impulse of some faint, hardly perceived real sensation. And thus either mere empty fancies (as in the case of the lost securities) or actual knowledge which we may have once @@ -634,7 +603,7 @@ Mr. Rutherford may have had his dream or the following tale of St. Augustine&rsq addition about the piece of Portuguese gold. Except for the piece of Portuguese gold St. Augustine practically tells the anecdote in his <i>De Cura pro Mortuis Habenda</i>, adding the acute reflection which -follows. <a name="citation16"></a><a href="#footnote16">{16}</a></p> +follows. <a id="citation16"></a><a href="#footnote16">{16}</a></p> <p>“Of a surety, when we were at Milan, we heard tell of a certain person of whom was demanded payment of a debt, with production of his deceased father’s acknowledgment, which debt, unknown to the son, @@ -677,7 +646,7 @@ present, or themselves make speeches, but through troubled senses these persons are wrought upon by such like imaginary visions), just so they also who have departed this life, to persons thus affected appear as present while they be absent, and are themselves utterly unconscious -whether any man sees them in regard of their image.” <a name="citation18"></a><a href="#footnote18">{18}</a></p> +whether any man sees them in regard of their image.” <a id="citation18"></a><a href="#footnote18">{18}</a></p> <p>St. Augustine adds a similar story of a trance.</p> <h3>THE TWO CURMAS</h3> <p>A rustic named Curma, of Tullium, near Hippo, Augustine’s town, @@ -730,7 +699,7 @@ while scraps of agate and <i>lapis lazuli</i> lay scattered on the floor. Here he addressed me as follows:—</p> <p>“‘The two fragments, which you have published separately upon pages 22 and 26, <i>belong together</i>’” (this amazing -Assyrian priest spoke American!). <a name="citation20"></a><a href="#footnote20">{20}</a> +Assyrian priest spoke American!). <a id="citation20"></a><a href="#footnote20">{20}</a> “‘They are not finger-rings, and their history is as follows:—</p> <p>“‘King Kurigalzu (about 1300 B.C.) once sent to the temple of Bel, among other articles of agate and <i>lapis lazuli</i>, an inscribed @@ -755,11 +724,11 @@ were two sets of drawings, one in the study (used that night) one used next day in the University Library.</p> <p>The inscription ran thus, the missing fragment being restored, “by analogy from many similar inscriptions”:—</p> -<blockquote><p>TO THE GOD NIBIB, CHILD<br /> -OF THE GOD BEL,<br /> -HIS LORD<br /> -KURIGALZU,<br /> -PONTIFEX OF THE GOD BEL<br /> +<blockquote><p>TO THE GOD NIBIB, CHILD<br > +OF THE GOD BEL,<br > +HIS LORD<br > +KURIGALZU,<br > +PONTIFEX OF THE GOD BEL<br > HAS PRESENTED IT.</p> </blockquote> <p>But, in the drawings, the fragments were of different colours, so @@ -802,7 +771,7 @@ Massey. The Assyrian Priest is in <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. xii., p. 14).</p> <p>On the same plane as the dreams which we have been examining is the waking sensation of the <i>déjà vu.</i></p> -<blockquote><p>“I have been here before,<br /> +<blockquote><p>“I have been here before,<br > But when or how I cannot tell.”</p> </blockquote> <p>Most of us know this feeling, all the circumstances in which we find @@ -834,7 +803,7 @@ in the historical past, but, later, recovered from documents.</p> <p>Of Hone’s affair there are two versions. Both may be given, as they are short. If they illustrate the <i>déjà vu</i>, they also illustrate the fond discrepancies of all such narratives. -<a name="citation24"></a><a href="#footnote24">{24}</a></p> +<a id="citation24"></a><a href="#footnote24">{24}</a></p> <h3>THE KNOT IN THE SHUTTER</h3> <p>“It is said that a dream produced a powerful effect on Hone’s mind. He dreamt that he was introduced into a room where he was @@ -910,7 +879,7 @@ event is not one which could be guessed, like the death of an invalid or the result of a race or of an election. This would be odd enough, but the facts of which I dreamed must have been present in the minds of living people. Now, if there is such a thing as “mental -telegraphy” or “telepathy,” <a name="citation28"></a><a href="#footnote28">{28}</a> +telegraphy” or “telepathy,” <a id="citation28"></a><a href="#footnote28">{28}</a> my mind, in dream, may have “tapped” the minds of the people who knew the facts. We may not believe in “mental telegraphy,” but we can <i>imagine</i> it as one of the unknown possibilities of @@ -981,14 +950,14 @@ engraved (p. 32) is only from a rough copy of the seer’s original drawing, which was made by Major Buckley.</p> <p style="text-align:center"> <a href="images/rizzo.gif"> -<img src="images/rizzo.gif" alt="Picture of vellum as described in text." /> +<img src="images/rizzo.gif" alt="Picture of vellum as described in text."> </a> </p> <p>“Here” (pointing to the middle) “I see a diamond cross.” The smallest stone was above the size of one of four carats. “It” (the cross) “was worn out of sight by Mary. The vellum has been shown in the House of Lords.” -<a name="citation31"></a><a href="#footnote31">{31}</a></p> +<a id="citation31"></a><a href="#footnote31">{31}</a></p> <p>“ . . . The ring was taken off Mary’s finger by a man in anger and jealousy: he threw it into the water. When he took it off, she was being carried in a kind of bed with curtains” @@ -999,8 +968,8 @@ well be carried in a litter, though she usually rode.</p> read about.</p> <p>Three weeks later, in another trance, the seer finished his design of the vellum. The words</p> -<blockquote><p>A<br /> -M<br /> +<blockquote><p>A<br > +M<br > DE LA PART</p> </blockquote> <p>probably stand for <i>à Marie</i>, <i>de la part de—</i></p> @@ -1044,10 +1013,10 @@ into the mystery. There is nothing like proof here, but there is just a presumption that the diamonds connected with Rizzio, and secretly worn by the queen, seen in the vision of 1845, are possibly the diamonds which, had Mary died in 1566, were to be carried by Joseph Rizzio to -a person whose name might not safely be written. <a name="citation35a"></a><a href="#footnote35a">{35a}</a></p> +a person whose name might not safely be written. <a id="citation35a"></a><a href="#footnote35a">{35a}</a></p> <p>We now take a dream which apparently reveals a real fact occurring at a distance. It is translated from Brierre de Boismont’s -book, <i>Des Hallucinations</i> <a name="citation35b"></a><a href="#footnote35b">{35b}</a> +book, <i>Des Hallucinations</i> <a id="citation35b"></a><a href="#footnote35b">{35b}</a> (Paris, 1845). “There are,” says the learned author, “authentic dreams which have revealed an event occurring at the moment, or later.” These he explains by accidental coincidence, @@ -1138,11 +1107,11 @@ started it would keep quiet when the real news arrived for fear of being implicated in a conspiracy as accessory before the fact. No trace of Mr. Williams’s dream occurs in the contemporary London papers.</p> <p>The best version of the dream to follow is probably that signed by -Mr. Williams himself in 1832. <a name="citation39a"></a><a href="#footnote39a">{39a}</a></p> +Mr. Williams himself in 1832. <a id="citation39a"></a><a href="#footnote39a">{39a}</a></p> <p>It may, of course, be argued by people who accept Mr. Williams’s dream as a revelation of the future that it reached his mind from the <i>purpose</i> conceived in Bellingham’s mind, by way of “mental -telegraphy”. <a name="citation39b"></a><a href="#footnote39b">{39b}</a></p> +telegraphy”. <a id="citation39b"></a><a href="#footnote39b">{39b}</a></p> <h3>DREAM OF MR. PERCEVAL’S MURDER</h3> <p>“SUNDHILL, <i>December</i>, 1832.</p> <p>“[Some account of a dream which occurred to John Williams, @@ -1222,7 +1191,7 @@ the above statement.</p> <p>“I forbear to make any comment on the above narrative, further than to declare solemnly that it is a faithful account of facts as they actually occurred.</p> -<p>(Signed) “JOHN WILLIAMS.” <a name="citation42"></a><a href="#footnote42">{42}</a></p> +<p>(Signed) “JOHN WILLIAMS.” <a id="citation42"></a><a href="#footnote42">{42}</a></p> <p>When we come to dreams of the future, great historical examples are scarce indeed, that is, dreams respectably authenticated. We have to put up with curious trivialities. One has an odd feature.</p> @@ -1239,7 +1208,7 @@ serpent, says “<i>he had a single rattle</i>”. The letters of these gentlemen were written without communication to each other. If Mr. Kinsolving is right, the real snake with <i>one</i> rattle was <i>not</i> the dream snake with <i>two</i> rattles. -The brothers were in a snaky country, West Virginia. <a name="citation43"></a><a href="#footnote43">{43}</a></p> +The brothers were in a snaky country, West Virginia. <a id="citation43"></a><a href="#footnote43">{43}</a></p> <p>The following is trivial, but good. It is written by Mr. Alfred Cooper, and attested by the dreamer, the Duchess of Hamilton.</p> <h3>THE RED LAMP</h3> @@ -1274,10 +1243,10 @@ from his daughter on the morning after she had seen it.</p> <p>The duchess only knew the earl by sight, and had not heard that he was ill. She knew she was not asleep, for she opened her eyes to get rid of the vision, and, shutting them, saw the same thing again. -<a name="citation45a"></a><a href="#footnote45a">{45a}</a></p> +<a id="citation45a"></a><a href="#footnote45a">{45a}</a></p> <p>In fact, the “vision” was an <i>illusion hypnagogique</i>. Probably most readers know the procession of visions which sometimes -crowd on the closed eyes just before sleep. <a name="citation45b"></a><a href="#footnote45b">{45b}</a> +crowd on the closed eyes just before sleep. <a id="citation45b"></a><a href="#footnote45b">{45b}</a> They commonly represent with vivid clearness unknown faces or places, occasionally known faces. The writer has seen his own in this way and has occasionally “opened his eyes to get rid of” @@ -1351,7 +1320,7 @@ Weiss, “I do not doubt the assertion”.</p> that after the birth of the baby Mrs. C. called Mr. C.’s attention to “the doctor’s necktie,” and heard her say, “Why, I know him by mamma’s description as the doctor she saw in her -dreams”. <a name="citation48"></a><a href="#footnote48">{48}</a></p> +dreams”. <a id="citation48"></a><a href="#footnote48">{48}</a></p> <p>The only thing even more extraordinary than the dream is Mr. C.’s inability to remember anything whatever “outside of his business”. Another witness appears to decline to be called, “as it would @@ -1394,7 +1363,7 @@ dollars.</p> <p>The girl did not see the body in the coffin, but asked about the <i>old</i> clothes, because the figure of her father in her dream wore clothes which she did not recognise as his. To dream in a faint -is nothing unusual. <a name="citation50"></a><a href="#footnote50">{50}</a></p> +is nothing unusual. <a id="citation50"></a><a href="#footnote50">{50}</a></p> <h3>THE DEAD SHOPMAN</h3> <p>Swooning, or slight mental mistiness, is not very unusual in ghost seers. The brother of a friend of my own, a man of letters and @@ -1515,7 +1484,7 @@ inquiries such as those that I have been making”.</p> people, which Mr. Galton declares to be so far from uncommon. Into the <i>causes</i> of these hallucinations which may actually deceive the judgment, Mr. Galton does not enter.</p> -<h3>STORY OF THE DIPLOMATIST <a name="citation56a"></a><a href="#footnote56a">{56a}</a></h3> +<h3>STORY OF THE DIPLOMATIST <a id="citation56a"></a><a href="#footnote56a">{56a}</a></h3> <p>For example, there is a living diplomatist who knows men and cities, and has, moreover, a fine sense of humour. “My Lord,” said a famous Russian statesman to him, “you have all the qualities @@ -1532,7 +1501,7 @@ telegraphy,” say when a distant person, at death or in any other crisis, impresses himself as present on the senses of a friend, cannot account for an experience like that of the diplomatist, an experience not very uncommon, and little noticed except when it happens to coincide -with some remarkable event. <a name="citation56b"></a><a href="#footnote56b">{56b}</a> +with some remarkable event. <a id="citation56b"></a><a href="#footnote56b">{56b}</a> Nor are such hallucinations of an origin easily detected, like those of delirium, insanity, intoxication, grief, anxiety, or remorse. We can only suppose that a past impression of the aspect of a friend @@ -1581,7 +1550,7 @@ so well that, having forgotten an address and lost the letter on which it was written, he called up a mental picture of the letter, and so discovered the address. But this very popular writer can see no visions in a crystal ball. Another very popular novelist can see -them; little dramas are acted out in the ball for his edification. <a name="citation58"></a><a href="#footnote58">{58}</a></p> +them; little dramas are acted out in the ball for his edification. <a id="citation58"></a><a href="#footnote58">{58}</a></p> <p>These things are as unfamiliar to men of science as Mr. Galton found ordinary mental imagery, pictures in memory, to be. Psychology may or may not include them in her province; they may or may not come @@ -1613,7 +1582,7 @@ serge, whose back was towards me, so that I only saw the tip of his moustache.”</p> <p>“Why, the blinds must have been up,” said Miss Preston.</p> <p>“I was at Dulby,” said Mr. Baillie, as he undeniably -was. <a name="citation60a"></a><a href="#footnote60a">{60a}</a></p> +was. <a id="citation60a"></a><a href="#footnote60a">{60a}</a></p> <p>This is not a difficult exercise in belief. Miss Preston was not unlikely to be at tea at tea-time.</p> <p>Nor is the following very hard.</p> @@ -1626,7 +1595,7 @@ up the ball.</p> there is a cow in it that I never saw; brown, with white markings, and, this is odd in Scotland, she has a bell hanging from her neck. I’ll go and look at the field.”</p> -<p>He went and found the cow as described, bell and all. <a name="citation60b"></a><a href="#footnote60b">{60b}</a></p> +<p>He went and found the cow as described, bell and all. <a id="citation60b"></a><a href="#footnote60b">{60b}</a></p> <p>In the spring of 1897 I gave a glass ball to a young lady, previously a stranger to me, who was entirely unacquainted with crystal gazing, even by report. She had, however, not infrequent experience of @@ -1651,7 +1620,7 @@ confession will, undoubtedly, seem weakly credulous, but not to make it would be unfair and unsportsmanlike. My statement, of course, especially without the details, is not evidence for other people.</p> <p>The following case is a much harder exercise in belief. It -is narrated by the Duc de Saint Simon. <a name="citation62"></a><a href="#footnote62">{62}</a> +is narrated by the Duc de Saint Simon. <a id="citation62"></a><a href="#footnote62">{62}</a> The events were described to Saint Simon on the day after their occurrence by the Duc d’Orléans, then starting for Italy, in May, 1706. Saint Simon was very intimate with the duke, and they corresponded @@ -1754,7 +1723,7 @@ of the seer, with whatever value may attach to the testimony of those for whom he “sees,” and describes, persons and places unknown to himself. The evidence of individuals as to their own subjective experiences is accepted by psychologists in other departments of the -study. <a name="citation66"></a><a href="#footnote66">{66}</a></p> +study. <a id="citation66"></a><a href="#footnote66">{66}</a></p> <h2>CHAPTER IV</h2> <p><i>Veracious Waking Hallucinations not recognised by Science; or explained by Coincidence</i>, <i>Imposture</i>, <i>False Memory. @@ -1783,7 +1752,7 @@ in ordinary speech. Both are hallucinations.</p> <p>So far Mr. Galton would go, but mark what follows! Everybody allows the existence of dreams, but comparatively few believe in dream stories of <i>veracious</i> dreams. So every scientific man believes -in hallucinations, <a name="citation68"></a><a href="#footnote68">{68}</a> +in hallucinations, <a id="citation68"></a><a href="#footnote68">{68}</a> but few believe in <i>veracious</i> hallucinations. A veracious hallucination is, for our purpose, one which communicates (as veracious dreams do) information not otherwise known, or, at least, not known @@ -1802,7 +1771,7 @@ recognised in a living person previously unknown, or a portrait previously unseen, that (if the recognition be genuine) is a veracious hallucination. The vulgar call it a wraith of the living, or a ghost of the dead.</p> <p>Here follow two cases. The first, <i>The Family Coach</i>, -<a name="citation69a"></a><a href="#footnote69a">{69a}</a> gave no verified +<a id="citation69a"></a><a href="#footnote69a">{69a}</a> gave no verified intelligence, and would be styled a “subjective hallucination”. The second contributed knowledge of facts not previously known to the witness, and so the vulgar would call it a ghost. Both appearances @@ -1813,7 +1782,7 @@ clothes have ghosts, but Tom Sawyer conjectures that ghosts’ clothes <p>As a rule, not very much is seen of a ghost; he is “something of a shadowy being”. Yet we very seldom hear of a ghost stark naked; that of Sergeant Davies, murdered in 1749, is one of three -or four examples in civilised life. <a name="citation69b"></a><a href="#footnote69b">{69b}</a> +or four examples in civilised life. <a id="citation69b"></a><a href="#footnote69b">{69b}</a> Hence arises the old question, “How are we to account for the clothes of ghosts?” One obvious reply is that there is no ghost at all, only a hallucination. We do not see people naked, as a @@ -1826,7 +1795,7 @@ hand did not produce the effect. It was produced in the same way as when a hypnotised patient is told that “his hand is burned,” his fancy then begets real blisters, or so we are informed, truly or not. The stigmata of St. Francis and others are explained in the -same way. <a name="citation70"></a><a href="#footnote70">{70}</a> +same way. <a id="citation70"></a><a href="#footnote70">{70}</a> How ghosts pull bedclothes off and make objects fly about is another question: in any case the ghosts are not <i>seen</i> in the act.</p> <p>Thus the clothes of ghosts, their properties, and their actions affecting @@ -1909,7 +1878,7 @@ in his reckless fashion down the hill to Trete.”</p> though he doubts if any one but B. had ever ridden the bridle path. His Hindoo bearer he found one day armed with a <i>lattie</i>, being determined to waylay the sound, which “passed him like a typhoon”. -<a name="citation74"></a><a href="#footnote74">{74}</a> Here the +<a id="citation74"></a><a href="#footnote74">{74}</a> Here the appearance gave correct information unknown previously to General Barter, namely, that Lieutenant B. grew stout and wore a beard before his death, also that he had owned a brown pony, with black mane and tail. @@ -1947,7 +1916,7 @@ the dead, apparently with the pin of her brooch, while arranging something about the corpse. She had obliterated the scratch with powder, and had kept the fact to herself. “She told me she <i>knew</i> at least that I had seen my sister.” A few weeks later Mrs. -G. died. <a name="citation75"></a><a href="#footnote75">{75}</a></p> +G. died. <a id="citation75"></a><a href="#footnote75">{75}</a></p> <p>Here the information existed in one living mind, the mother’s, and if there is any “mental telegraphy,” may thence have been conveyed to Mr. F. G.</p> @@ -1974,7 +1943,7 @@ it. He adds the curious circumstance that other people have had the same experience in the same room, which his explanation does not cover. The following story is published by the Society for Psychical Research, attested by the seer and her husband, whose real names are -known, but not published. <a name="citation76"></a><a href="#footnote76">{76}</a></p> +known, but not published. <a id="citation76"></a><a href="#footnote76">{76}</a></p> <h3>THE VISION AND THE PORTRAIT</h3> <p>Mrs. M. writes (December 15, 1891) that before her vision she had heard nothing about hauntings in the house occupied by herself and her @@ -1992,7 +1961,7 @@ to the door opening upon the lawn, and begged her to come in and tell me her sorrow. The figures then disappeared gradually, as in a dissolving view. Not in the least nervous did I feel then; went again to my bedroom, took a sheet of writing-paper, and wrote down what -I had seen.” <a name="citation77"></a><a href="#footnote77">{77}</a></p> +I had seen.” <a id="citation77"></a><a href="#footnote77">{77}</a></p> <p>Mrs. M., whose husband was absent, began to feel nervous, and went to another lady’s room.</p> <p>She later heard of an old disgrace to the youngest daughter of the @@ -2009,7 +1978,7 @@ saw it. Mr. M. writes that he took her to the house where he knew it to be without telling her of its existence. Mrs. M. turned pale when she saw it. Mr. M. knew the sad old story, but had kept it to himself. The family in which the disgrace occurred, in 1847 -or 1848, were his relations. <a name="citation78"></a><a href="#footnote78">{78}</a></p> +or 1848, were his relations. <a id="citation78"></a><a href="#footnote78">{78}</a></p> <p>This vision was a veracious hallucination; it gave intelligence not otherwise known to Mrs. M., and capable of confirmation, therefore the appearances would be called “ghosts”. The majority @@ -2045,7 +2014,7 @@ though another hand were gently laid upon my own, pressing it back. Much surprised, I looked at my hand and then saw it contained, not the letters I had intended to destroy, but the bank notes, and that the letters were in the other hand. I was so surprised that I called -out, ‘Who’s here?’” <a name="citation80a"></a><a href="#footnote80a">{80a}</a></p> +out, ‘Who’s here?’” <a id="citation80a"></a><a href="#footnote80a">{80a}</a></p> <p>Nobody will call this “the touch of a vanished hand”. Part of Mrs. Elliot’s mind knew what she was about, and started an unreal but veracious feeling to warn her. We shall come to @@ -2060,7 +2029,7 @@ round to the front of the house, saw the servant open the door and bring out the luggage, but wheeled vehicle there was none in sound or sight. Yet all four persons had heard it, probably by dint of expectation.</p> <p>To hear articulate voices where there are none is extremely common -in madness, <a name="citation80b"></a><a href="#footnote80b">{80b}</a> +in madness, <a id="citation80b"></a><a href="#footnote80b">{80b}</a> but not very rare, as Mr. Galton shows, among the sane. When the voices are veracious, give unknown information, they are in the same case as truthful dreams. I offer a few from the experience, reported @@ -2108,7 +2077,7 @@ was wide open and that, had she run on as she intended, she would have fallen down the well. Here part of her mind may have known that the door was open, and started a ghost (for there was no real man there) to stop her. Pity that these things do not occur more frequently. -They do—in New Zealand. <a name="citation82"></a><a href="#footnote82">{82}</a></p> +They do—in New Zealand. <a id="citation82"></a><a href="#footnote82">{82}</a></p> <p>These are a few examples of useful veracious waking dreams. The sort of which we hear most are “wraiths”. A, when awake, meets B, who is dead or dying or quite well at a distance. @@ -2146,14 +2115,14 @@ his own experience. At a large crowded reception he saw approaching him in the throng a lady whom he had known and liked many years before. When she was near him, he lost sight of her, but met her at supper, dressed as he had seen her in the “levee”. At that -moment she was travelling by railway to the town in which he was. <a name="citation85a"></a><a href="#footnote85a">{85a}</a></p> -<p>A large number of these cases have been printed. <a name="citation85b"></a><a href="#footnote85b">{85b}</a> +moment she was travelling by railway to the town in which he was. <a id="citation85a"></a><a href="#footnote85a">{85a}</a></p> +<p>A large number of these cases have been printed. <a id="citation85b"></a><a href="#footnote85b">{85b}</a> In one case a gentleman and lady from their window saw his brother and sister-in-law drive past, with a horse which they knew had not been out for some weeks. The seers were presently joined by the visitors’ daughter, who had met the party on the road, she having just left them at their house. Ten minutes later the real pair arrived, horse -and all. <a name="citation85c"></a><a href="#footnote85c">{85c}</a></p> +and all. <a id="citation85c"></a><a href="#footnote85c">{85c}</a></p> <p>This last affair is one of several tales of “Phantom Coaches,” not only heard but seen, the coach being a coach of the living. In 1893 the author was staying at a Highland castle, when one of the @@ -2165,7 +2134,7 @@ her window, where the drive turned from the hall door through the park; but, in fact, no such journey had been made. Dr. Hack Tuke published the story of the “Arrival” of Dr. Boase at his house a quarter of an hour before he came, the people who saw him supposing him to be -in Paris. <a name="citation86"></a><a href="#footnote86">{86}</a></p> +in Paris. <a id="citation86"></a><a href="#footnote86">{86}</a></p> <p>When a person is seen in “Arrival” cases before he arrives, the affair is not so odd if he is expected. Undoubtedly, expectation does sometimes conjure up phantasms, and the author once saw (as he @@ -2179,12 +2148,12 @@ in Black” (<i>infra</i>), a ghost who is a frequent visitor is never seen when people watch for her. Among the many persons who have had delusions as to the presence of the dead, very few have been hoping, praying for and expecting them.</p> -<blockquote><p>“I look for ghosts, but none will force<br /> - Their way to me: ’Tis falsely said<br /> -That there was ever intercourse<br /> - Between the living and the dead,<br /> -For surely then I should have sight<br /> -Of him I wait for day and night<br /> +<blockquote><p>“I look for ghosts, but none will force<br > + Their way to me: ’Tis falsely said<br > +That there was ever intercourse<br > + Between the living and the dead,<br > +For surely then I should have sight<br > +Of him I wait for day and night<br > With love and longings infinite.”</p> </blockquote> <p>The Affliction of Margaret has been the affliction of most of us. @@ -2228,7 +2197,7 @@ sight, which is not peculiar to Celts, though the Highlanders talk more about it than other people.</p> <p>These appearances of the living but absent, whether caused by some mental action of the person who appears or not, are, at least, <i>unconscious</i> -on his part. <a name="citation88"></a><a href="#footnote88">{88}</a> +on his part. <a id="citation88"></a><a href="#footnote88">{88}</a> But a few cases occur in which a living person is said, by a voluntary exertion of mind, to have made himself visible to a friend at a distance. One case is vouched for by Baron von Schrenck-Notzig, a German psychologist, @@ -2292,12 +2261,12 @@ on her again.</p> <p>A similar case is that of Mrs. Russell, who tried successfully, when awake and in Scotland, to appear to one of her family in Germany. The sister corroborates and says, “Pray don’t come appearing -to me again”. <a name="citation91a"></a><a href="#footnote91a">{91a}</a></p> +to me again”. <a id="citation91a"></a><a href="#footnote91a">{91a}</a></p> <p>These spirits of the living lead to the subject of spirits of the dying. No kind of tale is so common as that of dying people appearing -at a distance. Hundreds have been conscientiously published. <a name="citation91b"></a><a href="#footnote91b">{91b}</a> +at a distance. Hundreds have been conscientiously published. <a id="citation91b"></a><a href="#footnote91b">{91b}</a> The belief is prevalent among the Maoris of New Zealand, where the apparition -is regarded as a proof of death. <a name="citation91c"></a><a href="#footnote91c">{91c}</a> +is regarded as a proof of death. <a id="citation91c"></a><a href="#footnote91c">{91c}</a> Now there is nothing in savage philosophy to account for this opinion of the Maoris. A man’s “spirit” leaves his body in dreams, savages think, and as dreaming is infinitely more common @@ -2318,7 +2287,7 @@ we could not set the coincidences down to mere chance. As well might we say that if “at the end of an hour’s rifle practice at long-distance range, the record shows that for every shot that has hit the bull’s eye, another has missed the target, therefore the -shots that hit the target did so by accident.” <a name="citation92"></a><a href="#footnote92">{92}</a> +shots that hit the target did so by accident.” <a id="citation92"></a><a href="#footnote92">{92}</a> But as empty hallucinations are more likely to be forgotten than those which coincide with a death; as exaggeration creeps in, as the collectors of evidence are naturally inclined to select and question people whom @@ -2339,7 +2308,7 @@ Stories of these coincidences between appearances and deaths are as common as they are dull. Most people come across them in the circle of their friends. They are all very much alike, and make tedious reading. We give a few which have some picturesque features.</p> -<h3>IN TAVISTOCK PLACE <a name="citation93"></a><a href="#footnote93">{93}</a></h3> +<h3>IN TAVISTOCK PLACE <a id="citation93"></a><a href="#footnote93">{93}</a></h3> <p>“In the latter part of the autumn of 1878, between half-past three and four in the morning, I was leisurely walking home from the house of a sick friend. A middle-aged woman, apparently a nurse, @@ -2374,8 +2343,8 @@ and the custom of the country he resided in, he was buried in his evening clothes made abroad by a foreign tailor, and strange to say, he wore goloshes over his boots, according also to the custom of the country he died in. . . . When in England, he lived in Tavistock Place, -and occupied my rooms during my absence.” <a name="citation95a"></a><a href="#footnote95a">{95a}</a></p> -<h3>THE WYNYARD WRAITH <a name="citation95b"></a><a href="#footnote95b">{95b}</a></h3> +and occupied my rooms during my absence.” <a id="citation95a"></a><a href="#footnote95a">{95a}</a></p> +<h3>THE WYNYARD WRAITH <a id="citation95b"></a><a href="#footnote95b">{95b}</a></h3> <p>“In the month of November (1785 or 1786), Sir John Sherbrooke and Colonel Wynyard were sitting before dinner in their barrack room at Sydney Cove, in America. It was duskish, and a candle was placed @@ -2481,7 +2450,7 @@ Mr. Cleave and Mrs. Goffe were both in a trance. Both wished to see persons at a distance. Both saw, and each was seen, Mrs. Goffe by her children’s nurse; Mr. Cleave by the person whom he wished to see, but <i>not</i> by a small boy also present.</p> -<h3>THE DYING MOTHER <a name="citation101"></a><a href="#footnote101">{101}</a></h3> +<h3>THE DYING MOTHER <a id="citation101"></a><a href="#footnote101">{101}</a></h3> <p>“Mary, the wife of John Goffe of Rochester, being afflicted with a long illness, removed to her father’s house at West Mulling, about nine miles from her own. There she died on 4th June, this @@ -2563,7 +2532,7 @@ son—on the very day of the vision you describe to me, A. was married&rsquo <p>The colonel did not keep his determination not to marry, for his <i>Life</i> is edited by his daughter, who often heard her father mention the incident, “precisely in the same manner, and exactly as it -is in the book”. <a name="citation103"></a><a href="#footnote103">{103}</a></p> +is in the book”. <a id="citation103"></a><a href="#footnote103">{103}</a></p> <p>If thinking of friends and lovers, lost or dead, could bring their forms and voices before the eye and ear of flesh, there would be a world of hallucinations around us. “But it wants heaven-sent moments @@ -2718,7 +2687,7 @@ Cloister opened</i> (1683). The motive of the late Mr. Furze was to have some small debts paid; his wife’s spectre was influenced by a jealousy of Mr. Furze’s spectre’s relations with another lady.</p> -<h3>THE DAEMON OF SPRAITON IN DEVON <a name="citation111"></a><a href="#footnote111">{111}</a> +<h3>THE DAEMON OF SPRAITON IN DEVON <a id="citation111"></a><a href="#footnote111">{111}</a> ANNO 1682</h3> <p>“About the month of November in the year 1682, in the parish of Spraiton, in the county of Devon, one Francis Fey (servant to Mr. @@ -2893,7 +2862,7 @@ if he thinks that such stories are no longer told, and even sworn to on Bible oath, he greatly deceives himself. In the chapter on “Haunted Houses” he will find statements just as hard narrated of the years 1870 and 1882. In these, however, the ghosts had -no purpose but mischief. <a name="citation118"></a><a href="#footnote118">{118}</a></p> +no purpose but mischief. <a id="citation118"></a><a href="#footnote118">{118}</a></p> <p>We take another “ghost with a purpose”.</p> <h3>SIR GEORGE VILLIERS’ GHOST.</h3> <p>The variations in the narratives of Sir George Villiers’ appearance @@ -2970,7 +2939,7 @@ nothing said of a ghostly knife, the name of the seer is not Parker, and in its whole effect the story tallies with Clarendon’s version, though the narrator knows nothing of the scene with the Countess of Buckingham.</p> -<h3>CAVALIER VERSION <a name="citation121"></a><a href="#footnote121">{121}</a></h3> +<h3>CAVALIER VERSION <a id="citation121"></a><a href="#footnote121">{121}</a></h3> <p>“1627. Since William Lilly the Rebells Jugler and Mountebank in his malicious and blaspheamous discourse concerning our late Martyred Soveraigne of ever blessed memory (amongst other lyes and falsehoods) @@ -2986,7 +2955,7 @@ to me at my request written with his own hande.</p> <p>“Sr. According to your desire and my promise I have written down what I remember (divers things being slipt out of my memory) of the relation made me by Mr. Nicholas Towse concerning the Aparition -wch visited him. About ye yeare 1627, <a name="citation122"></a><a href="#footnote122">{122}</a> +wch visited him. About ye yeare 1627, <a id="citation122"></a><a href="#footnote122">{122}</a> I and my wife upon an occasion being in London lay att my Brother Pyne’s house without Bishopsgate, wch. was ye next house unto Mr. Nicholas Towse’s, who was my Kinsman and familiar acquaintance, in consideration @@ -3107,7 +3076,7 @@ with Clarendon’s, who had the story from Freeman. The ghost predicts the Restoration, and this is recorded before that happy event. Of course Mr. Towse may have been interested in Buckingham’s career and may have invented the ghost (after discovering the secret token) -<a name="citation127"></a><a href="#footnote127">{127}</a> as an excuse +<a id="citation127"></a><a href="#footnote127">{127}</a> as an excuse for warning him.</p> <p>The reader can now take his choice among versions of Sir George Villiers’ ghost. He must remember that, in 1642, Sir Henry Wotton “spent @@ -3143,11 +3112,11 @@ in a magnificent speech. As to a sinecure which he held, he said, <p>On the night before his speech, that of Wednesday, 24th November, Lyttelton had seen the ghost, and had been told that he would die in three days. He mentioned this to Rowan Hamilton on the Friday. -<a name="citation129a"></a><a href="#footnote129a">{129a}</a> +<a id="citation129a"></a><a href="#footnote129a">{129a}</a> On the same day, or on Friday, he mentioned it to Captain Ascough, who -told a lady, who told Mrs. Thrale. <a name="citation129b"></a><a href="#footnote129b">{129b}</a> +told a lady, who told Mrs. Thrale. <a id="citation129b"></a><a href="#footnote129b">{129b}</a> On the Friday he went to Epsom with friends, and mentioned the ghost -to them, among others to Mr. Fortescue. <a name="citation129c"></a><a href="#footnote129c">{129c}</a> +to them, among others to Mr. Fortescue. <a id="citation129c"></a><a href="#footnote129c">{129c}</a> About midnight on 28th November, Lord Lyttelton died suddenly in bed, his valet having left him for a moment to fetch a spoon for stirring his medicine. The cause of death was not stated; there was no @@ -3166,7 +3135,7 @@ after being seduced by Lyttelton” (Lady Lyttelton, 1828); (7) a bird “which vanished when a female spirit in white raiment presented herself” (<i>Scots Magazine</i>, November-December, 1779).</p> <p>Out of seven versions, a bird, or a fluttering noise as of a bird -(a common feature in ghost stories), <a name="citation130a"></a><a href="#footnote130a">{130a}</a> +(a common feature in ghost stories), <a id="citation130a"></a><a href="#footnote130a">{130a}</a> with a woman following or accompanying, occurs in six. The phenomena are almost equally ascribed to dreaming and to waking hallucination, but the common-sense of the eighteenth century called all ghosts “dreams”. @@ -3176,7 +3145,7 @@ flew in. Yet, in the same narrative, Lyttelton says on Saturday morning “that he was very well, and believed he should bilk the <i>ghost</i>”. He was certainly in bed at the time of the experience, and probably could not be sure whether he was awake or asleep. -<a name="citation130b"></a><a href="#footnote130b">{130b}</a></p> +<a id="citation130b"></a><a href="#footnote130b">{130b}</a></p> <p>Considering the remoteness of time, the story is very well recorded. It is chronicled by Mrs. Thrale before the news of Lyttelton’s death reached her, and by Lady Mary Coke two days later, by Walpole @@ -3185,7 +3154,7 @@ Lord Lyttelton’s health had for some time been bad; he had made his will a few weeks before, and his nights were horror-haunted. A little boy, his nephew, to whom he was kind, used to find the wicked lord sitting by his bed at night, because he dared not be alone. -So Lockhart writes to his daughter, Mrs. Hope Scott. <a name="citation131"></a><a href="#footnote131">{131}</a> +So Lockhart writes to his daughter, Mrs. Hope Scott. <a id="citation131"></a><a href="#footnote131">{131}</a> He had strange dreams of being in hell with the cruel murderess, Mrs. Brownrigg, who “whipped three female ’prentices to death and hid them in the coal-hole”. Such a man might have strange @@ -3201,8 +3170,8 @@ awakened by finding Lord Lyttelton drawing his curtains. Suspecting a practical joke, he hunted for his lordship both in his house and in the garden. Of course he never found him. The event was promptly recorded in the next number of the <i>Scots Magazine</i>, December, -1779. <a name="citation132"></a><a href="#footnote132">{132}</a></p> -<h2>CHAPTER VII<br /> +1779. <a id="citation132"></a><a href="#footnote132">{132}</a></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VII<br > More Ghosts With A Purpose</h2> <p><i>The Slaying of Sergeant Davies in 1749. The Trial. Scott’s Theory. Curious recent Corroboration of Sir Walter’s @@ -3227,9 +3196,9 @@ of the clans was not wholly broken. Even the old wife of Donald Ban, when he was “sair hadden down by a Bodach” (ghost) asked the spirit to answer one question, “Will the Prince come again?” The song expressed the feelings of the people:—</p> -<blockquote><p>The wind has left me bare indeed,<br /> -And blawn my bonnet off my heid,<br /> -But something’s hid in Hieland brae,<br /> +<blockquote><p>The wind has left me bare indeed,<br > +And blawn my bonnet off my heid,<br > +But something’s hid in Hieland brae,<br > The wind’s no blawn my sword away!</p> </blockquote> <p>Traffickers came and went from Prince Charles to Cluny, from Charles @@ -3372,7 +3341,7 @@ here related.”</p> of the witness being suppressed.</p> <h3>CONCERNING THE MURDER OF SERGEANT DAVIES</h3> <p>There is at present living in the neighbourhood of --- an old lady, -about seventy years of age. Her maiden name is ---, <a name="citation140"></a><a href="#footnote140">{140}</a> +about seventy years of age. Her maiden name is ---, <a id="citation140"></a><a href="#footnote140">{140}</a> and she is a native of Braemar, but left that district when about twenty years old, and has never been back to it even for a visit. On being asked whether she had ever heard the story of Sergeant Davies, @@ -3400,7 +3369,7 @@ a witness in the trial. The whole affair is thoroughly characteristic of the Highlanders and of Scottish jurisprudence after Culloden, while the verdict of “Not Guilty” (when “Not Proven” would have been stretching a point) is evidence to the “common-sense” -of the eighteenth century. <a name="citation141"></a><a href="#footnote141">{141}</a></p> +of the eighteenth century. <a id="citation141"></a><a href="#footnote141">{141}</a></p> <p>There are other cases, in Webster, Aubrey and Glanvil of ghosts who tried more successfully to bring their murderers to justice. But the reports of the trials do not exist, or cannot be found, and Webster @@ -3419,7 +3388,7 @@ Fisher’s body. The manager was tried, was condemned, acknowledged his guilt and was hanged.</p> <p>The story is told in <i>Household Words</i>, where Sir Frederick Forbes is said to have acted as judge. No date is given. -In <i>Botany Bay</i>, <a name="citation142"></a><a href="#footnote142">{142}</a> +In <i>Botany Bay</i>, <a id="citation142"></a><a href="#footnote142">{142}</a> the legend is narrated by Mr. John Lang, who was in Sydney in 1842. He gives no date of the occurrence, and clearly embellishes the tale. In 1835, however, the story is told by Mr. Montgomery Martin in volume @@ -3470,7 +3439,7 @@ Sewell stated that the murder was accomplished by means of a hammer.</p> 1830, they were tried at the Buckingham Lent Assizes, were found guilty and were hanged, protesting their innocence, on 8th March, 1830.</p> <p>“In the report of Mrs. Edden’s evidence (at the Assizes) -no mention is made of the vision.” <a name="citation144"></a><a href="#footnote144">{144}</a></p> +no mention is made of the vision.” <a id="citation144"></a><a href="#footnote144">{144}</a></p> <p>Here end our ghosts in courts of justice; the following ghost gave evidence of a murder, or rather, confessed to one, but was beyond the reach of human laws.</p> @@ -3481,7 +3450,7 @@ the best sources, the contemporary manuscript version is here reprinted from <i>The Scottish Standard-Bearer</i>, an organ of the Scotch Episcopalians (October and November, 1894).</p> <h3>THE DOG O’ MAUSE</h3> -<p>Account of an apparition that appeared to William Soutar, <a name="citation145a"></a><a href="#footnote145a">{145a}</a> +<p>Account of an apparition that appeared to William Soutar, <a id="citation145a"></a><a href="#footnote145a">{145a}</a> in the Mause, 1730.</p> <p>[This is a copy from that in the handwriting of Bishop Rattray, preserved at Craighall, and which was found at Meikleour a few years ago, to the @@ -3497,7 +3466,7 @@ from our windows of Craighall House. He is about thirty-seven years of age, as he says, and has a wife and bairns.</p> <p>“The following is an account from his own mouth; and because there are some circumstances fit to be taken in as you go along, I have -given them with reference at the end, <a name="citation145b"></a><a href="#footnote145b">{145b}</a> +given them with reference at the end, <a id="citation145b"></a><a href="#footnote145b">{145b}</a> that I may not interrupt the sense of the account, or add anything to it. Therefore, it begins:—</p> <p>“‘In the month of December in the year 1728, about sky-setting, @@ -3505,10 +3474,10 @@ I and my servant, with several others living in the town (farm-steading) heard a scratching (screeching, crying), and I followed the noise, with my servant, a little way from the town (farm-steading throughout). We both thought we saw what had the appearance to be a fox, and hounded -the dogs at it, but they would not pursue it. <a name="citation146a"></a><a href="#footnote146a">{146a}</a></p> -<p>“‘About a month after, as I was coming from Blair <a name="citation146b"></a><a href="#footnote146b">{146b}</a> +the dogs at it, but they would not pursue it. <a id="citation146a"></a><a href="#footnote146a">{146a}</a></p> +<p>“‘About a month after, as I was coming from Blair <a id="citation146b"></a><a href="#footnote146b">{146b}</a> alone, about the same time of the night, a big dog appeared to me, of -a dark greyish colour, between the Hilltown and Knockhead <a name="citation146c"></a><a href="#footnote146c">{146c}</a> +a dark greyish colour, between the Hilltown and Knockhead <a id="citation146c"></a><a href="#footnote146c">{146c}</a> of Mause, on a lea rig a little below the road, and in passing by it touched me sonsily (firmly) on the thigh at my haunch-bane (hip-bone), upon which I pulled my staff from under my arm and let a stroke at it; @@ -3554,9 +3523,9 @@ to appear to me; and after I had been there some minutes and had drawn a circle about me with my staff, it appeared to me. And I spoke to it saying, “In the name of God and Jesus Christ, what are you that troubles me?” and it answered me, “I am David Soutar, -George Soutar’s brother. <a name="citation148a"></a><a href="#footnote148a">{148a}</a> +George Soutar’s brother. <a id="citation148a"></a><a href="#footnote148a">{148a}</a> I killed a man more than five-and-thirty years ago, when you was new -born, at a bush be-east the road, as you go into the Isle.” <a name="citation148b"></a><a href="#footnote148b">{148b}</a> +born, at a bush be-east the road, as you go into the Isle.” <a id="citation148b"></a><a href="#footnote148b">{148b}</a> And as I was going away, I stood again and said, “David Soutar was a man, and you appear like a dog,” whereupon it spoke to me again, saying, “I killed him with a dog, and therefore I am made @@ -3571,7 +3540,7 @@ the bones were buried, when Rychalzie met us accidentally; and the minister told Rychalzie the story in the presence of all that were there assembled, and desired the liberty from him to break up the ground to search for the bones. Rychalzie made some scruples to allow us to break up -the ground, but said he would go along with us to Glasclune <a name="citation149a"></a><a href="#footnote149a">{149a}</a>; +the ground, but said he would go along with us to Glasclune <a id="citation149a"></a><a href="#footnote149a">{149a}</a>; and if he advised, he would allow search to be made. Accordingly he went straight along with my brother and me and James Chalmers, a neighbour who lives in the Hilltown of Mause, to Glasclune, and told @@ -3582,12 +3551,12 @@ or forty men and went to the Isle, and broke up the ground in many places, searching for the bones, but we found nothing.</p> <p>“‘On Wednesday the 23rd December, about twelve o’clock, when I was in my bed, I heard a voice but saw nothing; the voice said, -“Come away”. <a name="citation149b"></a><a href="#footnote149b">{149b}</a> +“Come away”. <a id="citation149b"></a><a href="#footnote149b">{149b}</a> Upon this I rose out of my bed, cast on my coat and went to the door, but did not see it. And I said, “In the name of God, what do you demand of me now?” It answered, “Go, take up these bones”. I said, “How shall I get these bones?” -It answered again, “At the side of a withered bush, <a name="citation150"></a><a href="#footnote150">{150}</a> +It answered again, “At the side of a withered bush, <a id="citation150"></a><a href="#footnote150">{150}</a> and there are but seven or eight of them remaining”. I asked, “Was there any more guilty of that action but you?” It answered, “No”. I asked again, “What is the @@ -3620,7 +3589,7 @@ By the time we had digged up those bones, there convened about forty men who also saw them. The minister and Rychalzie came to the place and saw them.</p> <p>“‘We immediately sent to the other side of the water, -to Claywhat, <a name="citation151"></a><a href="#footnote151">{151}</a> +to Claywhat, <a id="citation151"></a><a href="#footnote151">{151}</a> to a wright that was cutting timber there, whom Claywhat brought over with him, who immediately made a coffin for the bones, and my wife brought linen to wrap them in, and I wrapped the bones in the linen myself and @@ -3698,13 +3667,13 @@ fled from that part of the country on account of their having killed a man; that they came by Soutar’s Hill, and having asked the name of the hill, were told ‘Soutar,’ upon which they said, ‘Soutar be it then,’ and took that name. One of the brothers went -south and the others came north.” <a name="citation155a"></a><a href="#footnote155a">{155a}</a></p> +south and the others came north.” <a id="citation155a"></a><a href="#footnote155a">{155a}</a></p> <p>The appearance of human ghosts in the form of beasts is common enough; in Shropshire they usually “come” as bulls. (See Miss Burne’s <i>Shropshire Folklore</i>.) They do not usually speak, like the Dog o’ Mause. M. d’Assier, a French Darwinian, explains that ghosts revert “atavistically” to -lower forms of animal life! <a name="citation155b"></a><a href="#footnote155b">{155b}</a></p> +lower forms of animal life! <a id="citation155b"></a><a href="#footnote155b">{155b}</a></p> <p>We now, in accordance with a promise already made, give an example of the ghosts of beasts! Here an explanation by the theory that the consciousness of the beast survives death and affects with a hallucination @@ -3712,13 +3681,13 @@ the minds of living men and animals, will hardly pass current. But if such cases were as common and told on evidence as respectable as that which vouches for appearances of the dead, believers in these would either have to shift their ground, or to grant that</p> -<blockquote><p>Admitted to that equal sky,<br /> +<blockquote><p>Admitted to that equal sky,<br > Our faithful dog may bear us company.</p> </blockquote> <p>We omit such things as the dripping death wraith of a drowned cat who appeared to a lady, or the illused monkey who died in a Chinese house, after which he haunted it by rapping, secreting objects, and, -in short, in the usual way. <a name="citation155c"></a><a href="#footnote155c">{155c}</a> +in short, in the usual way. <a id="citation155c"></a><a href="#footnote155c">{155c}</a> We adduce</p> <h3>PETER’S GHOST</h3> <p>A naval officer visited a friend in the country. Several men @@ -3732,7 +3701,7 @@ up stairs.</p> into the room; the fox-terrier bristled up, growled, and pursued a viewless object across the carpet; from the hearth-rug sounded a shake, a jingle of a collar and the settling weight of a body collapsing into repose. -<a name="citation156"></a><a href="#footnote156">{156}</a></p> +<a id="citation156"></a><a href="#footnote156">{156}</a></p> <p>This pleasing anecdote rests on what is called <i>nautical evidence</i>, which, for reasons inexplicable to me, was (in these matters) distrusted by Sir Walter Scott.</p> @@ -3751,7 +3720,7 @@ it at Inverawe from a Highland narrator. She adds a curious supplementary tradition in the Argyle family.</p> <h3>TICONDEROGA</h3> <p>It was one evening in the summer of the year 1755 that Campbell of -Inverawe <a name="citation157"></a><a href="#footnote157">{157}</a> +Inverawe <a id="citation157"></a><a href="#footnote157">{157}</a> was on Cruachan hill side. He was startled by seeing a man coming towards him at full speed; a man ragged, bleeding, and evidently suffering agonies of terror. “The avengers of blood are on my track, @@ -3764,12 +3733,12 @@ side.</p> secret was most carefully kept and had been handed down from father to son for many generations. The entrance was small, and no one passing would for an instant suspect it to be other than a tod’s -hole, <a name="citation158a"></a><a href="#footnote158a">{158a}</a> +hole, <a id="citation158a"></a><a href="#footnote158a">{158a}</a> but within were fair-sized rooms, one containing a well of the purest spring water. It is said that Wallace and Bruce had made use of this cave in earlier days.</p> <p>Here Inverawe left his guest. The man was so overcome by terror -that he clung on to Inverawe’s plaid, <a name="citation158b"></a><a href="#footnote158b">{158b}</a> +that he clung on to Inverawe’s plaid, <a id="citation158b"></a><a href="#footnote158b">{158b}</a> imploring him not to leave him alone. Inverawe was filled with disgust at this cowardly conduct, and already almost repented having plighted his word to save such a worthless creature.</p> @@ -3822,7 +3791,7 @@ was Francis Grant. From New York the 42nd proceeded to Albany, where the regiment remained inactive till the spring of 1757. One evening when the 42nd were still quartered at this place, Inverawe asked the colonel “if he had ever heard of a place called Ticonderoga”. -<a name="citation160"></a><a href="#footnote160">{160}</a> Colonel +<a id="citation160"></a><a href="#footnote160">{160}</a> Colonel Grant replied he had never heard the name before. Inverawe then told his story. Most of the officers were present at the time; some were impressed, others were inclined to look upon the whole thing @@ -3844,7 +3813,7 @@ there, through woods, upon Ticonderoga, having had one successful skirmish with the enemy, driving them back with considerable loss. Lord Howe was killed in this engagement.</p> <p>On the 10th of July the assault was directed to be commenced by the -picquets. <a name="citation162"></a><a href="#footnote162">{162}</a> +picquets. <a id="citation162"></a><a href="#footnote162">{162}</a> The Grenadiers were to follow, supported by the battalions and reserves. The Highlanders and 55th regiment formed the reserve.</p> <p>In vain the troops attempted to force their way through the abbatis, @@ -4200,7 +4169,7 @@ there were strange noises, as if heavy weights were being dragged about, or heavy footsteps pacing in the rooms and on the stairs. I said that I knew nothing about the matter. The stairs are of stone, water is only carried up to the first floor, there is an unused system -of hot air pipes. <a name="citation177a"></a><a href="#footnote177a">{177a}</a> +of hot air pipes. <a id="citation177a"></a><a href="#footnote177a">{177a}</a> Something went wrong with the water-main in the area once, but the noises lasted after it was mended.</p> <p>“I think Mr. Buckley when he arrived never heard anything unusual. @@ -4210,13 +4179,13 @@ he went to a window where he found his hand full of water, to account for which there was no stain on the ceiling, or anything else that he could discover. On another occasion one of the young ladies was kneeling by a trunk in an attic, alone, when water was switched over -her face, as if from a wet brush. <a name="citation177b"></a><a href="#footnote177b">{177b}</a> +her face, as if from a wet brush. <a id="citation177b"></a><a href="#footnote177b">{177b}</a> There was a small pool of water on the floor, and the wall beyond her was sprinkled.</p> <p>“Time went on, and the disturbances were very rare: in fact ceased for two years till the present week, when Mrs. Claughton, a widow accompanied by two of her children, came to stay with the Buckleys. -<a name="citation177c"></a><a href="#footnote177c">{177c}</a> +<a id="citation177c"></a><a href="#footnote177c">{177c}</a> She had heard of the disturbances and the theory of hauntings—I don’t know if these things interested her or not.</p> <p>“Early on Monday, 9th October, Mrs. Claughton came to consult @@ -4254,7 +4223,7 @@ with Miss Buckley’s room should be rigged up, and this was done.”</p week, we felt that we were at last on the track of a recent ghost.</p> <p>“Next morning, about one, the Buckleys were aroused by a tremendous peal of the alarm; Mrs. Claughton they found in a faint. Next -morning <a name="citation179"></a><a href="#footnote179">{179}</a> she +morning <a id="citation179"></a><a href="#footnote179">{179}</a> she consulted me as to the whereabouts of a certain place, let me call it ‘Meresby’. I suggested the use of a postal directory; we found Meresby, a place extremely unknown to fame, in an agricultural @@ -4332,7 +4301,7 @@ May, 1745, and missed many events of interest by doing so. Mr. Howard also named and described Joseph Wright, of Meresby, as a man who would help her, and he gave minute local information. Next came a phantom of a man whose name Mrs. Claughton is not free to give; -<a name="citation182"></a><a href="#footnote182">{182}</a> he seemed +<a id="citation182"></a><a href="#footnote182">{182}</a> he seemed to be in great trouble, at first covering his face with his hands, but later removing them. These three spectres were to meet Mrs. Claughton in Meresby Church and give her information of importance on a matter @@ -4427,7 +4396,7 @@ doors, and these apparent material effects are usually called part of the seer’s delusion. But the night-light certainly went out under the figure’s hand, and was relit by Dr. Gwynne. Either the ghost was an actual entity, not a mere hallucination of two -people, or the extinction of the light was a curious coincidence. <a name="citation186"></a><a href="#footnote186">{186}</a></p> +people, or the extinction of the light was a curious coincidence. <a id="citation186"></a><a href="#footnote186">{186}</a></p> <h2>CHAPTER IX</h2> <p><i>Haunted Houses. Antiquity of Haunted Houses. Savage Cases. Ancient Egyptian Cases. Persistence in Modern Times. @@ -4452,7 +4421,7 @@ ancient Egyptian papyrus we find the husband of the Lady Onkhari protesting against her habit of haunting his house, and exclaiming: “What wrong have I done,” exactly in the spirit of the “Hymn of Donald Ban,” who was “sair hadden down by a bodach” -(noisy bogle) after Culloden. <a name="citation188a"></a><a href="#footnote188a">{188a}</a></p> +(noisy bogle) after Culloden. <a id="citation188a"></a><a href="#footnote188a">{188a}</a></p> <p>The husband of Onkhari does not say <i>how</i> she disturbed him, but the manners of Egyptian haunters, just what they remain at present, may be gathered from a magical papyrus, written in Greek. Spirits @@ -4460,7 +4429,7 @@ may be gathered from a magical papyrus, written in Greek. Spirits terror and madness; finally, they “practice stealthy theft,” and rap and knock. The “theft” (by making objects disappear mysteriously) is often illustrated in the following tales, -as are the groaning and knocking. <a name="citation188b"></a><a href="#footnote188b">{188b}</a> +as are the groaning and knocking. <a id="citation188b"></a><a href="#footnote188b">{188b}</a> St. Augustine speaks of hauntings as familiar occurrences, and we have a chain of similar cases from ancient Egypt to 1896. Several houses in that year were so disturbed that the inhabitants were obliged to @@ -4470,7 +4439,7 @@ subject.</p> (not very common), noises of every kind (extremely frequent), groans, screams, footsteps and fire-raising. Imposture has either been proved or made very probable in ten out of eleven cases of volatile -objects between 1883 and 1895. <a name="citation188c"></a><a href="#footnote188c">{188c}</a> +objects between 1883 and 1895. <a id="citation188c"></a><a href="#footnote188c">{188c}</a> Moreover, it is certain that the noises of haunted houses are not equally audible by all persons present, even when the sounds are at their loudest. Thus Lord St. Vincent, the great admiral, heard nothing during his stay @@ -4478,7 +4447,7 @@ at the house of his sister, Mrs. Ricketts, while that lady endured terrible things. After his departure she was obliged to recall him. He arrived, and slept peacefully. Next day his sister told him about the disturbances, after which he heard them as much as his neighbours, -and was as unsuccessful in discovering their cause. <a name="citation189"></a><a href="#footnote189">{189}</a></p> +and was as unsuccessful in discovering their cause. <a id="citation189"></a><a href="#footnote189">{189}</a></p> <p>Of course this looks as if these noises were unreal, children of the imagination. Noises being the staple of haunted houses, a few words may be devoted to them. They are usually the <i>frou-frou</i> @@ -4497,7 +4466,7 @@ It was haunted, among other things, by footsteps. The old oak staircase had two creaking steps, numbers seventeen and eighteen from the top. The girl would sit on the stair, stretching out her arms, and count the steps as they passed her, one, two, three, and so on to -seventeen and eighteen, <i>which always creaked</i>. <a name="citation190"></a><a href="#footnote190">{190}</a> +seventeen and eighteen, <i>which always creaked</i>. <a id="citation190"></a><a href="#footnote190">{190}</a> In this case rats and similar causes were excluded, though we may allow for “expectant attention”. But this does not generally work. When people sit up on purpose to look out for the ghost, @@ -4523,7 +4492,7 @@ opinion that the grocer’s knock did herald and precede the grocer. But when he went home for a visit he found that he heard it just as of old. Possibly some local Sentimental Tommy watched for the grocer, played the trick and ran away. This explanation presents -no difficulty, but the boy was never detected. <a name="citation191"></a><a href="#footnote191">{191}</a></p> +no difficulty, but the boy was never detected. <a id="citation191"></a><a href="#footnote191">{191}</a></p> <p>Such anecdotes somehow do not commend themselves to the belief even of people who can believe a good deal.</p> <p>But “the spirits of the living,” as the Highlanders say, @@ -4548,7 +4517,7 @@ inquiring about the effects. He followed later, and was the stranger seen by my gillie’s father.</p> <p>Thus the living but absent may haunt a house both noisily and by actual appearance. The learned even think, for very exquisite -reasons, that “Silverton Abbey” <a name="citation192"></a><a href="#footnote192">{192}</a> +reasons, that “Silverton Abbey” <a id="citation192"></a><a href="#footnote192">{192}</a> is haunted noisily by a “spirit of the living”. Here is a case:—</p> <h3>THE DREAM THAT KNOCKED AT THE DOOR</h3> @@ -4644,7 +4613,7 @@ expected to be. However, they found the house “noisy,” the windows were apt to be violently shaken at night and steps used to be heard where no steps should be. Deep long sighs were audible at all times of day. As Mrs. Rokeby approached a door, the handle -would turn and the door fly open. <a name="citation196"></a><a href="#footnote196">{196}</a> +would turn and the door fly open. <a id="citation196"></a><a href="#footnote196">{196}</a> Sounds of stitching a hard material, and of dragging a heavy weight occurred in Mrs. Rokeby’s room, and her hair used to be pulled in a manner for which she could not account. “These sorts @@ -4679,7 +4648,7 @@ alone, in the dining-room early in the evening, when the dog began to bristle up his hair, and bark. Mr. Rokeby looked up and saw the woman in grey, with about half her figure passed through the slightly open door. He ran to the door, but she was gone, and the servants -were engaged in their usual business. <a name="citation198a"></a><a href="#footnote198a">{198a}</a></p> +were engaged in their usual business. <a id="citation198a"></a><a href="#footnote198a">{198a}</a></p> <p>Our next ghost offered many opportunities to observers.</p> <h3>THE LADY IN BLACK</h3> <p>A ghost in a haunted house is seldom observed with anything like @@ -4688,7 +4657,7 @@ not be photographed, attempts being usually made in a light which required prolonged exposure. Efforts to touch it were failures, nor did it speak. On the other hand, it did lend itself, perhaps unconsciously, to one scientific experiment. The story is unromantic; the names -are fictitious. <a name="citation198b"></a><a href="#footnote198b">{198b}</a></p> +are fictitious. <a id="citation198b"></a><a href="#footnote198b">{198b}</a></p> <p>Bognor House, an eligible family residence near a large town, was built in 1860, and occupied, till his death in 1876, by Mr. S. He was twice married, and was not of temperate ways. His second @@ -4718,7 +4687,7 @@ weeping lady in black.</p> <p>On 29th January, 1884, Miss Morton spoke to her inmate, as the lady in black stood beside a sofa. “She only gave a slight gasp and moved towards the door. Just by the door I spoke to her again, -but she seemed as if she were quite unable to speak.” <a name="citation199"></a><a href="#footnote199">{199}</a> +but she seemed as if she were quite unable to speak.” <a id="citation199"></a><a href="#footnote199">{199}</a> In May and June Miss Morton fastened strings at different heights from the stair railings to the wall, where she attached them with glue, but she twice saw the lady pass through the cords, leaving them untouched. @@ -4745,7 +4714,7 @@ as it would do if a person had been standing there, but suddenly slunk away with its tail between its legs, and retreated, trembling, under a sofa.” Miss Morton’s own emotion, at first, was “a feeling of awe at something unknown, mixed with a strong desire -to know more about it”. <a name="citation200"></a><a href="#footnote200">{200}</a></p> +to know more about it”. <a id="citation200"></a><a href="#footnote200">{200}</a></p> <p>This is a pretty tame case of haunting, as was conjectured, by an unhappy <i>revenant</i>, the returned spirit of the second Mrs. S. Here it may be remarked that apparitions in haunted houses are very @@ -4766,7 +4735,7 @@ Every one has heard of the Secret Chamber, with its mystery, and the story was known to Scott, who introduces it in <i>The Betrothed</i>. But we know when the Secret Chamber was built (under the Restoration), who built it, what he paid the masons, and where it is: under the Charter -Room. <a name="citation201"></a><a href="#footnote201">{201}</a> +Room. <a id="citation201"></a><a href="#footnote201">{201}</a> These cold facts rather take the “weird” effect off the Glamis legend.</p> <p>The usual process is, given an old house, first a noise, then a hallucination, @@ -4784,7 +4753,7 @@ that is all.</p> <p>At the opposite pole are hauntings by agencies whom nobody supposes to be ghosts of inmates of the house. The following is an extreme example, as the haunter proceeded to arson. This is not so very -unusual, and, if managed by an impostor, shows insane malevolence. <a name="citation202"></a><a href="#footnote202">{202}</a></p> +unusual, and, if managed by an impostor, shows insane malevolence. <a id="citation202"></a><a href="#footnote202">{202}</a></p> <h3>THE DANCING DEVIL</h3> <p>On 16th November, 1870, Mr. Shchapoff, a Russian squire, the narrator, came home from a visit to a country town, Iletski, and found his family @@ -4855,7 +4824,7 @@ by the servant of a neighbouring miller, with whom Mr. Shchapoff had a dispute about a mill pond. This man had previously said, “It will be worse; they will drag you by the hair”. And, indeed, Mrs. Shchapoff was found in tears, because her hair had been pulled. -<a name="citation205"></a><a href="#footnote205">{205}</a></p> +<a id="citation205"></a><a href="#footnote205">{205}</a></p> <p>Science again intervened. A section of the Imperial Geographical Society sent Dr. Shustoff, Mr. Akutin (a Government civil engineer), and a literary gentleman, as a committee of inquiry appointed by the @@ -4865,7 +4834,7 @@ Things flew about, both <i>from</i>, and <i>towards</i> Mrs. Shchapoff. Nothing volatile was ever seen to <i>begin</i> its motion, though, in March, 1883, objects were seen, by a policeman and six other witnesses, to fly up from a bin and out of a closed cupboard, in a house at Worksop. -<a name="citation206"></a><a href="#footnote206">{206}</a> Mr. +<a id="citation206"></a><a href="#footnote206">{206}</a> Mr. Akutin, in Mrs. Shchapoff’s bedroom, found the noises answer questions in French and German, on contemporary politics, of which the lady of the house knew nothing. Lassalle was said to be alive, Mr. Shchapoff @@ -4916,7 +4885,7 @@ These things were too much; the Shchapoffs fled to a cottage, and took a new country house. They had no more disturbances. Mrs. Shchapoff died in child-bed, in 1878, “a healthy, religious, quiet, affectionate woman”.</p> -<h2>CHAPTER X<br /> +<h2>CHAPTER X<br > Modern Hauntings</h2> <p><i>The Shchapoff Story of a Peculiar Type. “Demoniacal Possession.” Story of Wellington Mill briefly analysed. @@ -4996,7 +4965,7 @@ and the girls, who were all at the parsonage. They were Emily, about twenty-two, Mary, Nancy and Sukey, probably about twenty-one, twenty and nineteen, and Hetty, who may have been anything between nineteen and twelve, but who comes after John in Dr. Clarke’s list, and -is apparently reckoned among “the children”. <a name="citation212"></a><a href="#footnote212">{212}</a> +is apparently reckoned among “the children”. <a id="citation212"></a><a href="#footnote212">{212}</a> Then there was Patty, who may have been only nine, and little Keziah.</p> <p>All except Patty were very lively young people, and Hetty, afterwards a copious poet, “was gay and sprightly, full of mirth, good-humour, @@ -5184,7 +5153,7 @@ Wesley, who was never suspected by her family.</p> which, at least, provides a motive, but how the thing could be managed from without remains a mystery. Sam Wesley, the friend of Pope, and Atterbury, and Lord Oxford, not unjustly said: “Wit, I fancy, -might find many interpretations, but wisdom none”. <a name="citation220"></a><a href="#footnote220">{220}</a></p> +might find many interpretations, but wisdom none”. <a id="citation220"></a><a href="#footnote220">{220}</a></p> <p>As the Wesley tale is a very typical instance of a very large class, our study of it may exempt us from printing the well-known parallel case of “The Drummer of Tedworth”. Briefly, the house @@ -5211,7 +5180,7 @@ work, and may still be found in modern books. Glanvil denied it till he was “quite tired,” and Mompesson gave a formal denial in a letter dated Tedworth, 8th November, 1672. He also, with many others, swore to the facts on oath, in court, at the drummer’s -trial. <a name="citation221"></a><a href="#footnote221">{221}</a></p> +trial. <a id="citation221"></a><a href="#footnote221">{221}</a></p> <p>In the Tedworth case, as at Epworth, and in the curious Cideville case of 1851, a quarrel with “cunning men” preceded the disturbances. In Lord St. Vincent’s case, which follows, @@ -5230,7 +5199,7 @@ out of Hinton Ampner, is absolutely indisputable, though the cause of the annoyances may remain as mysterious as ever. The contemporary correspondence (including that of Lord St. Vincent, then Captain Jervis) exists, and has been edited by Mrs. Henley Jervis, grand-daughter of -Mrs. Ricketts. <a name="citation222"></a><a href="#footnote222">{222}</a></p> +Mrs. Ricketts. <a id="citation222"></a><a href="#footnote222">{222}</a></p> <p>There is only the very vaguest evidence for hauntings at Lady Hillsborough’s old house of Hinton Ampner, near Alresford, before Mr. Ricketts took it in January, 1765. He and his wife were then disturbed by footsteps, @@ -5259,7 +5228,7 @@ of the sounds he never heard them, and whereas Mrs. Ricketts heard violent noises after he went to bed on the night of his vigil, he heard nothing. “Several instances occurred where very loud noises were heard by one or two persons, when those equally near and in the same direction -were not sensible of the least impression.” <a name="citation223"></a><a href="#footnote223">{223}</a></p> +were not sensible of the least impression.” <a id="citation223"></a><a href="#footnote223">{223}</a></p> <p>With this preface, Mrs. Ricketts may be allowed to tell her own tale.</p> <p>“Sometime after Mr. Ricketts left me (autumn, 1769) I—then lying in the bedroom over the kitchen—heard frequently the noise @@ -5377,7 +5346,7 @@ or actresses, display a wonderful similarity of symptoms and an alarming taste for fire-raising. Professor William James, the well-known psychologist, mentions ten cases whose resemblances “suggest a natural type,” and we ask, is it a type of hysterical disease? -<a name="citation229"></a><a href="#footnote229">{229}</a> He +<a id="citation229"></a><a href="#footnote229">{229}</a> He chooses, among others, an instance in Dr. Nevius’s book on <i>Demon Possession in China</i>, and there is another in Peru. He also mentions <i>The Great Amherst Mystery</i>, which we give, and the Rerrick @@ -5459,7 +5428,7 @@ her demon, had said. The Christian told her, and perhaps she would have deserted her erroneous courses, but her fellow-villagers implored her to pay homage to the demon. They were in the habit of resorting to it for medical advice (as people do to Mrs. Piper’s demon in -the United States), so Mrs. Ku decided to remain in the business. <a name="citation232"></a><a href="#footnote232">{232}</a> +the United States), so Mrs. Ku decided to remain in the business. <a id="citation232"></a><a href="#footnote232">{232}</a> The parallel to the case in the Acts is interesting.</p> <h3>HAUNTED MRS. CHANG</h3> <p>Mr. Chang, of that ilk (Chang Chang Tien-ts), was a man of fifty-seven, @@ -5473,7 +5442,7 @@ Mr. Chang was as unlucky as Mr. Chin. At <i>his</i> house “doors would open of their own accord, footfalls were heard, as of persons walking in the house, although no one could be seen. Plates, bowls and the teapot would suddenly rise from the table into the air.” -<a name="citation233a"></a><a href="#footnote233a">{233a}</a></p> +<a id="citation233a"></a><a href="#footnote233a">{233a}</a></p> <p>Mrs. Chang now tried the off chance of there being something in Christianity, stayed with a native Christian (the narrator), and felt much better. She could enjoy her meals, and was quite a new woman. As her friend @@ -5491,14 +5460,14 @@ flew into a state of wild excitement, while the swine rushed furiously about and tried to climb a wall.</p> <p>The family have become Christians, the fires have ceased; Mr. Chang is an earnest inquirer, but opposed, for obvious reasons, to any public -profession of our religion. <a name="citation233b"></a><a href="#footnote233b">{233b}</a></p> +profession of our religion. <a id="citation233b"></a><a href="#footnote233b">{233b}</a></p> <p>In Mr. Niu’s case “strange noises and rappings were frequently heard about the house. The buildings were also set on fire in different places in some mysterious way.” The Christians tried to convert Mr. Niu, but as the devil now possessed his female slave, whose success in fortune-telling was extremely lucrative, Mr. Niu said that he preferred to leave well alone, and remained wedded -to his idols. <a name="citation234"></a><a href="#footnote234">{234}</a></p> +to his idols. <a id="citation234"></a><a href="#footnote234">{234}</a></p> <p>We next offer a recent colonial case, in which the symptoms, as Mr. Pecksniff said, were “chronic”.</p> <h3>THE GREAT AMHERST MYSTERY</h3> @@ -5541,7 +5510,7 @@ thunder, when Esther suddenly fell into a peaceful sleep.</p> by this phenomenon, unprecedented in his practice, the doctor heard a metal point scribbling on the wall. Examining the place whence the sound proceeded, he discovered this inscription:—</p> -<blockquote><p>Esther Cox! You are mine<br /> +<blockquote><p>Esther Cox! You are mine<br > to kill.</p> </blockquote> <p>Mr. Hubbell has verified the inscription, and often, later, recognised @@ -5628,12 +5597,12 @@ I obtained curious tales of the eccentric flight of objects in her neighbourhood It is only certain that Esther’s case is identical with Madame Shchapoff’s, and experts in hysteria may tell us whether that malady ever takes the form of setting fire to the patient’s wardrobe, -and to things in general. <a name="citation239a"></a><a href="#footnote239a">{239a}</a></p> +and to things in general. <a id="citation239a"></a><a href="#footnote239a">{239a}</a></p> <p>After these modern cases of disturbances, we may look at a few old, or even ancient examples. It will be observed that the symptoms are always of the same type, whatever the date or country. The first is Gaelic, of last century.</p> -<h3>DONALD BAN AND THE BOCAN <a name="citation239b"></a><a href="#footnote239b">{239b}</a></h3> +<h3>DONALD BAN AND THE BOCAN <a id="citation239b"></a><a href="#footnote239b">{239b}</a></h3> <p>It is fully a hundred years ago since there died in Lochaber a man named Donald Ban, sometimes called “the son of Angus,” but more frequently known as Donald Ban of the Bocan. This surname @@ -5742,45 +5711,45 @@ the hymn is mainly composed of religious sentiments, but its connection with the story makes it interesting, and the following is a literal translation of it.</p> <h3>THE HYMN OF DONALD BAN</h3> -<blockquote><p>O God that created me so helpless,<br /> -Strengthen my belief and make it firm.<br /> -Command an angel to come from Paradise,<br /> -And take up his abode in my dwelling,<br /> -To protect me from every trouble<br /> -That wicked folks are putting in my way;<br /> -Jesus, that did’st suffer Thy crucifixion,<br /> +<blockquote><p>O God that created me so helpless,<br > +Strengthen my belief and make it firm.<br > +Command an angel to come from Paradise,<br > +And take up his abode in my dwelling,<br > +To protect me from every trouble<br > +That wicked folks are putting in my way;<br > +Jesus, that did’st suffer Thy crucifixion,<br > Restrain their doings, and be with me Thyself.</p> -<p>Little wonder though I am thoughtful—<br /> -Always at the time when I go to bed<br /> -The stones and the clods will arise—<br /> -How could a saint get sleep there?<br /> -I am without peace or rest,<br /> -Without repose or sleep till the morning;<br /> -O Thou that art in the throne of grace,<br /> +<p>Little wonder though I am thoughtful—<br > +Always at the time when I go to bed<br > +The stones and the clods will arise—<br > +How could a saint get sleep there?<br > +I am without peace or rest,<br > +Without repose or sleep till the morning;<br > +O Thou that art in the throne of grace,<br > Behold my treatment and be a guard to me.</p> -<p>Little wonder though I am troubled,<br /> -So many stories about me in every place.<br /> -Some that are unjust will be saying,<br /> -“It is all owing to himself, that affair”.<br /> -Judge not except as you know,<br /> -Though the Son of God were awaking you;<br /> -No one knows if I have deserved more<br /> +<p>Little wonder though I am troubled,<br > +So many stories about me in every place.<br > +Some that are unjust will be saying,<br > +“It is all owing to himself, that affair”.<br > +Judge not except as you know,<br > +Though the Son of God were awaking you;<br > +No one knows if I have deserved more<br > Than a rich man that is without care.</p> -<p>Although I am in trouble at this time,<br /> -Verily, I shall be doubly repaid;<br /> -When the call comes to me from my Saviour,<br /> -I shall receive mercy and new grace;<br /> -I fear no more vexation,<br /> -When I ascend to be with Thy saints;<br /> -O Thou that sittest on the throne,<br /> +<p>Although I am in trouble at this time,<br > +Verily, I shall be doubly repaid;<br > +When the call comes to me from my Saviour,<br > +I shall receive mercy and new grace;<br > +I fear no more vexation,<br > +When I ascend to be with Thy saints;<br > +O Thou that sittest on the throne,<br > Assist my speaking and accept my prayer.</p> -<p>O God, make me mindful<br /> -Night and day to be praying,<br /> -Seeking pardon richly<br /> -For what I have done, on my knees.<br /> -Stir with the spirit of Truth<br /> -True repentance in my bosom,<br /> -That when Thou sendest death to seek me,<br /> +<p>O God, make me mindful<br > +Night and day to be praying,<br > +Seeking pardon richly<br > +For what I have done, on my knees.<br > +Stir with the spirit of Truth<br > +True repentance in my bosom,<br > +That when Thou sendest death to seek me,<br > Christ may take care of me.</p> </blockquote> <p>The bocan was not the only inhabitant of the spirit-world that Donald @@ -5799,7 +5768,7 @@ the two modern Icelandic cases (however the effects were produced) might easily be swollen into the prodigious tale of Glam in the course of two or three centuries, between Grettir’s time and the complete formation of his Saga.</p> -<h3>THE DEVIL OF HJALTA-STAD <a name="citation246"></a><a href="#footnote246">{246}</a></h3> +<h3>THE DEVIL OF HJALTA-STAD <a id="citation246"></a><a href="#footnote246">{246}</a></h3> <p>The sheriff writes: “The Devil at Hjalta-stad was outspoken enough this past winter, although no one saw him. I, along with others, had the dishonour to hear him talking for nearly two days, during @@ -5877,7 +5846,7 @@ himself as such while he was present, nor would it befit any one but the devil to declare all that he said. At the same time it must be added that I am not quite convinced that it was a spirit, but my opinions on this I cannot give here for lack of time.”</p> -<p>In another work <a name="citation249"></a><a href="#footnote249">{249}</a> +<p>In another work <a id="citation249"></a><a href="#footnote249">{249}</a> where the sheriff’s letter is given with some variations and additions, an attempt is made to explain the story. The phenomena were said to have been caused by a young man who had learned ventriloquism abroad. @@ -5989,7 +5958,7 @@ stuck to him throughout his life. He was alive in 1862, when Jon Arnason’s volume was published.</p> <p>These modern instances lead up to “the best story in the world,” the old Icelandic tale of Glam.</p> -<h2>CHAPTER XII<br /> +<h2>CHAPTER XII<br > The Story of Glam. The Foul Fords.</h2> <h3>THE STORY OF GLAM</h3> <p>There was a man named Thorhall, who lived at Thorhall-stead in Forsaela-dala, @@ -6121,7 +6090,7 @@ quiet, and great damage was done by him, for many that saw him fell into a swoon, or lost their reason. Immediately after Yule men believed that they saw him about the farm itself, and grew terribly frightened, so that many of them ran away. After this Glam began -to ride on the house-top by night, <a name="citation259"></a><a href="#footnote259">{259}</a> +to ride on the house-top by night, <a id="citation259"></a><a href="#footnote259">{259}</a> and nearly shook it to pieces, and then he walked about almost night and day. Men hardly dared to go up into the valley, even although they had urgent business there, and every one in the district thought @@ -6447,8 +6416,8 @@ he has the same horror of the Foul Fords that his brother had, and will not speak, nor allow any one to speak to him on the subject.</p> <p>“Three or four years ago a herd of the name of Burton was found dead within a short distance of the spot, without any apparent cause -for his death.” <a name="citation272"></a><a href="#footnote272">{272}</a></p> -<h2>CHAPTER XIII<br /> +for his death.” <a id="citation272"></a><a href="#footnote272">{272}</a></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIII<br > The Marvels at Fródá</h2> <p>The following tale has all the direct simplicity and truth to human nature which mark the ancient literature of Iceland. Defoe might @@ -6459,7 +6428,7 @@ of a glow of mysterious light, “the Fate Moon,” recur in modern tales of haunted houses. The combination of Christian exorcism, then a novelty in Iceland, with legal proceedings against the ghosts, is especially characteristic.</p> -<h3>THE MARVELS AT FRÓDÁ <a name="citation273"></a><a href="#footnote273">{273}</a></h3> +<h3>THE MARVELS AT FRÓDÁ <a id="citation273"></a><a href="#footnote273">{273}</a></h3> <p>During that summer in which Christianity was adopted by law in Iceland (1000 A.D.), it happened that a ship came to land at Snowfell Ness. It was a Dublin vessel, manned by Irish and Hebrideans, with few Norsemen @@ -6923,7 +6892,7 @@ and Maories? I have a lot of yarns about them.”</p> <p>“They are too jolly well frightened of bush spirits to invite them to tea,” said the Beach-comber. “I knew a fellow who got a bit of land merely by whistling up and down in it at nightfall. -<a name="citation292"></a><a href="#footnote292">{292}</a> They +<a id="citation292"></a><a href="#footnote292">{292}</a> They think spirits whistle. No, I don’t fancy they go in for <i>séances</i>. But we once had some, we white men, in one of the islands. Not the Oui-ouis” (native name for the @@ -7096,7 +7065,7 @@ come off.”</p> <p>“Nothing! We set a camera once to photograph the spook. He did not sit.”</p> <p>“It’s rum!” said the Beach-comber. “But -mind you, as to spooks, I don’t believe a word of it.” <a name="citation299"></a><a href="#footnote299">{299}</a></p> +mind you, as to spooks, I don’t believe a word of it.” <a id="citation299"></a><a href="#footnote299">{299}</a></p> <h3>THE GHOST THAT BIT</h3> <p>The idiot Scotch laird in the story would not let the dentist put his fingers into his mouth, “for I’m feared ye’ll @@ -7133,7 +7102,7 @@ that he could in no way account for it. As may be anticipated, Emma, overhearing this unlooked-for <i>denouement</i> of her dream, at once fell to the ground in a fainting condition.</p> <p><i>On one of the thumbs of the corpse was found a mark as if it had -been bitten in the death agony</i>. <a name="citation300"></a><a href="#footnote300">{300}</a></p> +been bitten in the death agony</i>. <a id="citation300"></a><a href="#footnote300">{300}</a></p> <p>We have now followed the “ghostly” from its germs in dreams, and momentary hallucinations of eye or ear, up to the most prodigious narratives which popular invention has built on bases probably very @@ -7141,27 +7110,27 @@ slight. Where facts and experience, whether real or hallucinatory experience, end, where the mythopœic fancy comes in, readers may decide for themselves.</p> <h2>Footnotes:</h2> -<p><a name="footnote0a"></a><a href="#citation0a">{0a}</a> <i>Principles +<p><a id="footnote0a"></a><a href="#citation0a">{0a}</a> <i>Principles of Psychology</i>, vol. ii., p. 115. By Professor William James, Harvard College, Macmillan’s, London, 1890. The physical processes believed to be involved, are described on pp. 123, 124 of the same work.</p> -<p><a name="footnote0b"></a><a href="#citation0b">{0b}</a> <i>Op. +<p><a id="footnote0b"></a><a href="#citation0b">{0b}</a> <i>Op. cit</i>., ii., 130.</p> -<p><a name="footnote4"></a><a href="#citation4">{4}</a> Story +<p><a id="footnote4"></a><a href="#citation4">{4}</a> Story received from Miss ---; confirmed on inquiry by Drumquaigh.</p> -<p><a name="footnote5a"></a><a href="#citation5a">{5a}</a> <i>Phantasms +<p><a id="footnote5a"></a><a href="#citation5a">{5a}</a> <i>Phantasms of the Living</i>, ii., 382.</p> -<p><a name="footnote5b"></a><a href="#citation5b">{5b}</a> To +<p><a id="footnote5b"></a><a href="#citation5b">{5b}</a> To “send” a dream the old Egyptians wrote it out and made a cat swallow it!</p> -<p><a name="footnote8"></a><a href="#citation8">{8}</a> See “Queen +<p><a id="footnote8"></a><a href="#citation8">{8}</a> See “Queen Mary’s Jewels” in chapter ii.</p> -<p><a name="footnote10"></a><a href="#citation10">{10}</a> Narrated +<p><a id="footnote10"></a><a href="#citation10">{10}</a> Narrated by Mrs. Herbert.</p> -<p><a name="footnote11a"></a><a href="#citation11a">{11a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote11a"></a><a href="#citation11a">{11a}</a> Story confirmed by Mr. A.</p> -<p><a name="footnote11b"></a><a href="#citation11b">{11b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote11b"></a><a href="#citation11b">{11b}</a> This child had a more curious experience. Her nurse was very ill, and of course did not sleep in the nursery. One morning the little girl said, “Macpherson is better, I saw her come in last night @@ -7169,25 +7138,25 @@ with a candle in her hand. She just stooped over me and then went to Tom” (a younger brother) “and kissed him in his sleep.” Macpherson had died in the night, and her attendants, of course, protested ignorance of her having left her deathbed.</p> -<p><a name="footnote11c"></a><a href="#citation11c">{11c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote11c"></a><a href="#citation11c">{11c}</a> Story received from Lady X. See another good case in <i>Proceedings of the Psychical Society</i>, vol. xi., 1895, p. 397. In this case, however, the finder was not nearer than forty rods to the person who lost a watch in long grass. He assisted in the search, however, and may have seen the watch unconsciously, in a moment of absence of mind. Many other cases in <i>Proceedings of S.P.R.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote13"></a><a href="#citation13">{13}</a> Story +<p><a id="footnote13"></a><a href="#citation13">{13}</a> Story received in a letter from the dreamer.</p> -<p><a name="footnote16"></a><a href="#citation16">{16}</a> Augustine. +<p><a id="footnote16"></a><a href="#citation16">{16}</a> Augustine. In Library of the Fathers, <i>XVII. Short Treatises</i>, pp. 530-531.</p> -<p><a name="footnote18"></a><a href="#citation18">{18}</a> St. +<p><a id="footnote18"></a><a href="#citation18">{18}</a> St. Augustine, <i>De Cura pro Mortuis.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote20"></a><a href="#citation20">{20}</a> The +<p><a id="footnote20"></a><a href="#citation20">{20}</a> The professor is not sure whether he spoke English or German.</p> -<p><a name="footnote24"></a><a href="#citation24">{24}</a> From +<p><a id="footnote24"></a><a href="#citation24">{24}</a> From <i>Some Account of the Conversion of the late William Hone</i>, supplied by some friend of W. H. to compiler. Name not given.</p> -<p><a name="footnote28"></a><a href="#citation28">{28}</a> What +<p><a id="footnote28"></a><a href="#citation28">{28}</a> What is now called “mental telegraphy” or “telepathy” is quite an old idea. Bacon calls it “sympathy” between two distant minds, sympathy so strong that one communicates with the @@ -7212,32 +7181,32 @@ woman wrote to her son in Glasgow: “Don’t be thinking too much of us, or I shall be seeing you some evening in the byre”. This is a simple expression of the hypothesis of “telepathy” or “mental telegraphy”.</p> -<p><a name="footnote31"></a><a href="#citation31">{31}</a> Perhaps +<p><a id="footnote31"></a><a href="#citation31">{31}</a> Perhaps among such papers as the <i>Casket Letters</i>, exhibited to the Commission at Westminster, and “tabled” before the Scotch Privy Council.</p> -<p><a name="footnote35a"></a><a href="#citation35a">{35a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote35a"></a><a href="#citation35a">{35a}</a> To Joseph himself she bequeathed the ruby tortoise given to her by his brother. Probably the diamonds were not Rizzio’s gift.</p> -<p><a name="footnote35b"></a><a href="#citation35b">{35b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote35b"></a><a href="#citation35b">{35b}</a> Boismont was a distinguished physician and “Mad Doctor,” or “Alienist”. He was also a Christian, and opposed a tendency, not uncommon in his time, as in ours, to regard all “hallucinations” as a proof of mental disease in the “hallucinated”.</p> -<p><a name="footnote39a"></a><a href="#citation39a">{39a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote39a"></a><a href="#citation39a">{39a}</a> <i>S.P.R</i>., v., 324.</p> -<p><a name="footnote39b"></a><a href="#citation39b">{39b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote39b"></a><a href="#citation39b">{39b}</a> <i>Ibid</i>., 324.</p> -<p><a name="footnote42"></a><a href="#citation42">{42}</a> <i>Proceedings +<p><a id="footnote42"></a><a href="#citation42">{42}</a> <i>Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research</i>, vol. v., pp. 324, 325.</p> -<p><a name="footnote43"></a><a href="#citation43">{43}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, +<p><a id="footnote43"></a><a href="#citation43">{43}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. xi., p. 495.</p> -<p><a name="footnote45a"></a><a href="#citation45a">{45a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote45a"></a><a href="#citation45a">{45a}</a> Signed by Mr. Cooper and the Duchess of Hamilton.</p> -<p><a name="footnote45b"></a><a href="#citation45b">{45b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote45b"></a><a href="#citation45b">{45b}</a> See Galton, <i>Inquiries into Human Faculty</i>, p. 91.</p> -<p><a name="footnote48"></a><a href="#citation48">{48}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, +<p><a id="footnote48"></a><a href="#citation48">{48}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. xi., p. 522.</p> -<p><a name="footnote50"></a><a href="#citation50">{50}</a> The +<p><a id="footnote50"></a><a href="#citation50">{50}</a> The case was reported in the <i>Herald</i> (Dubuque) for 12th February, 1891. It was confirmed by Mr. Hoffman, by Mr. George Brown and by Miss Conley, examined by the Rev. Mr. Crum, of Dubuque.—<i>Proceedings</i>, @@ -7245,25 +7214,25 @@ by Miss Conley, examined by the Rev. Mr. Crum, of Dubuque.—<i>Proceedings< and had no theory of explanation. That the girl knew beforehand of the dollars is conceivable, but she did not know of the change of clothes.</p> -<p><a name="footnote56a"></a><a href="#citation56a">{56a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote56a"></a><a href="#citation56a">{56a}</a> Told by the nobleman in question to the author.</p> -<p><a name="footnote56b"></a><a href="#citation56b">{56b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote56b"></a><a href="#citation56b">{56b}</a> The author knows some eight cases among his friends of a solitary meaningless hallucination like this.</p> -<p><a name="footnote58"></a><a href="#citation58">{58}</a> As +<p><a id="footnote58"></a><a href="#citation58">{58}</a> As to the fact of such visions, I have so often seen crystal gazing, and heard the pictures described by persons whose word I could not doubt, men and women of unblemished character, free from superstition, that I am obliged to believe in the fact as a real though hallucinatory experience. Mr. Clodd attributes it to disorder of the liver. If no more were needed I could “scry” famously!</p> -<p><a name="footnote60a"></a><a href="#citation60a">{60a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote60a"></a><a href="#citation60a">{60a}</a> Facts attested and signed by Mr. Baillie and Miss Preston.</p> -<p><a name="footnote60b"></a><a href="#citation60b">{60b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote60b"></a><a href="#citation60b">{60b}</a> Story told to me by both my friends and the secretary.</p> -<p><a name="footnote62"></a><a href="#citation62">{62}</a> <i>Mémoires</i>, +<p><a id="footnote62"></a><a href="#citation62">{62}</a> <i>Mémoires</i>, v., 120. Paris, 1829.</p> -<p><a name="footnote66"></a><a href="#citation66">{66}</a> Readers +<p><a id="footnote66"></a><a href="#citation66">{66}</a> Readers curious in crystal-gazing will find an interesting sketch of the history of the practice, with many modern instances, in <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. v., p. 486, by “Miss X.”. There @@ -7271,74 +7240,74 @@ are also experiments by Lord Stanhope and Dr. Gregory in Gregory’s <i>Letters on Animal Magnetism</i>, p. 370 (1851). It is said that, as sights may be seen in a glass ball, so articulate voices, by a similar illusion, can be heard in a sea shell, when</p> -<blockquote><p>“It remembers its august abodes,<br /> +<blockquote><p>“It remembers its august abodes,<br > And murmurs as the ocean murmurs there”.</p> </blockquote> -<p><a name="footnote68"></a><a href="#citation68">{68}</a> A set +<p><a id="footnote68"></a><a href="#citation68">{68}</a> A set of scientific men, as Lélut and Lombroso, seem to think that a hallucination stamps a man as <i>mad</i>. Napoleon, Socrates, Pascal, Jeanne d’Arc, Luther were all lunatics. They had lucid intervals of considerable duration, and the belief in their lunacy is peculiar to a small school of writers.</p> -<p><a name="footnote69a"></a><a href="#citation69a">{69a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote69a"></a><a href="#citation69a">{69a}</a> A crowd of phantom coaches will be found in Messrs. Myers and Gurney’s <i>Phantasms of the Living.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote69b"></a><a href="#citation69b">{69b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote69b"></a><a href="#citation69b">{69b}</a> See <i>The Slaying of Sergeant Davies of Guise’s.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote70"></a><a href="#citation70">{70}</a> <i>Principles +<p><a id="footnote70"></a><a href="#citation70">{70}</a> <i>Principles of Psychology</i>, by Prof. James of Harvard, vol. ii., p. 612. Charcot is one of sixteen witnesses cited for the fact.</p> -<p><a name="footnote74"></a><a href="#citation74">{74}</a> Story +<p><a id="footnote74"></a><a href="#citation74">{74}</a> Story written by General Barter, 28th April, 1888. (<i>S.P.R</i>.) Corroborated by Mrs. Barter and Mr. Stewart, to whom General Barter told his adventure at the time.</p> -<p><a name="footnote75"></a><a href="#citation75">{75}</a> Statement +<p><a id="footnote75"></a><a href="#citation75">{75}</a> Statement by Mr. F. G., confirmed by his father and brother, who were present when he told his tale first, in St. Louis. <i>S.P.R. Proceedings</i>, vol. vi., p. 17.</p> -<p><a name="footnote76"></a><a href="#citation76">{76}</a> <i>S.P.R</i>., +<p><a id="footnote76"></a><a href="#citation76">{76}</a> <i>S.P.R</i>., viii., p. 178.</p> -<p><a name="footnote77"></a><a href="#citation77">{77}</a> +<p><a id="footnote77"></a><a href="#citation77">{77}</a> Mrs. M. sent the memorandum to the S.P.R. “March 13, 1886. Have just seen visions on lawn—a soldier in general’s uniform, a young lady kneeling to him, 11.40 p.m.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote78"></a><a href="#citation78">{78}</a> <i>S.P.R</i>., +<p><a id="footnote78"></a><a href="#citation78">{78}</a> <i>S.P.R</i>., viii., p. 178. The real names are intentionally reserved.</p> -<p><a name="footnote80a"></a><a href="#citation80a">{80a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote80a"></a><a href="#citation80a">{80a}</a> Corroborated by Mr. Elliot. Mrs. Elliot nearly fainted. <i>S.P.R</i>., viii., 344-345.</p> -<p><a name="footnote80b"></a><a href="#citation80b">{80b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote80b"></a><a href="#citation80b">{80b}</a> Oddly enough, maniacs have many more hallucinations of hearing than of sight. In sane people the reverse is the case.</p> -<p><a name="footnote82"></a><a href="#citation82">{82}</a> Anecdote +<p><a id="footnote82"></a><a href="#citation82">{82}</a> Anecdote by the lady. <i>Boston Budget</i>, 31st August, 1890. <i>S.P.R</i>., viii., 345.</p> -<p><a name="footnote85a"></a><a href="#citation85a">{85a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote85a"></a><a href="#citation85a">{85a}</a> <i>Tom Sawyer</i>, <i>Detective.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote85b"></a><a href="#citation85b">{85b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote85b"></a><a href="#citation85b">{85b}</a> <i>Phantasms of the Living</i>, by Gurney and Myers.</p> -<p><a name="footnote85c"></a><a href="#citation85c">{85c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote85c"></a><a href="#citation85c">{85c}</a> The story is given by Mr. Mountford, one of the seers.</p> -<p><a name="footnote86"></a><a href="#citation86">{86}</a> <i>Journal +<p><a id="footnote86"></a><a href="#citation86">{86}</a> <i>Journal of Medical Science</i>, April, 1880, p. 151.</p> -<p><a name="footnote88"></a><a href="#citation88">{88}</a> Catholic +<p><a id="footnote88"></a><a href="#citation88">{88}</a> Catholic theology recognises, under the name of “Bilocation,” the appearance of a person in one place when he is really in another.</p> -<p><a name="footnote91a"></a><a href="#citation91a">{91a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote91a"></a><a href="#citation91a">{91a}</a> <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., pp. 671-677.</p> -<p><a name="footnote91b"></a><a href="#citation91b">{91b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote91b"></a><a href="#citation91b">{91b}</a> <i>Phantasms of the Living.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote91c"></a><a href="#citation91c">{91c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote91c"></a><a href="#citation91c">{91c}</a> Mr. E. B. Tylor gives a Maori case in <i>Primitive Culture</i>. Another is in <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., 557. See also Polack’s <i>New Zealand</i> for the prevalence of the belief.</p> -<p><a name="footnote92"></a><a href="#citation92">{92}</a> Gurney, +<p><a id="footnote92"></a><a href="#citation92">{92}</a> Gurney, <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., 6.</p> -<p><a name="footnote93"></a><a href="#citation93">{93}</a> The +<p><a id="footnote93"></a><a href="#citation93">{93}</a> The late Surgeon-Major Armand Leslie, who was killed at the battle of El Teb, communicated the following story to the <i>Daily Telegraph</i> in the autumn of 1881, attesting it with his signature.</p> -<p><a name="footnote95a"></a><a href="#citation95a">{95a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote95a"></a><a href="#citation95a">{95a}</a> This is a remarkably difficult story to believe. “The morning bright and calm” is lit by the rays of the moon. The woman (a Mrs. Gamp) must have rushed <i>past</i> Dr. Leslie. A man who @@ -7348,10 +7317,10 @@ using goloshes as “hell-shoes” (fastened on the Icelandic dead in the Sagas) needs confirmation. Men are seldom buried in eye-glasses—never in tall white hats.—<i>Phantasms of the Living</i>, ii., 252.</p> -<p><a name="footnote95b"></a><a href="#citation95b">{95b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote95b"></a><a href="#citation95b">{95b}</a> From a memorandum, made by General Birch Reynardson, of an oral communication made to him by Sir John Sherbrooke, one of the two seers.</p> -<p><a name="footnote101"></a><a href="#citation101">{101}</a> +<p><a id="footnote101"></a><a href="#citation101">{101}</a> This is an old, but good story. The Rev. Thomas Tilson, minister (non-conforming) of Aylesford, in Kent, sent it on 6th July, 1691, to Baxter for his <i>Certainty of the World of Spirits</i>. The woman @@ -7361,9 +7330,9 @@ two corroborative neighbours, on 2nd July; the mother of Mary Goffe; the minister who attended her, and one woman who sat up with her—all “sober intelligent persons”. Not many stories have such good evidence in their favour.</p> -<p><a name="footnote103"></a><a href="#citation103">{103}</a> +<p><a id="footnote103"></a><a href="#citation103">{103}</a> <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., 528.</p> -<p><a name="footnote111"></a><a href="#citation111">{111}</a> +<p><a id="footnote111"></a><a href="#citation111">{111}</a> “That which was published in May, 1683, concerning the Daemon, or Daemons of <i>Spraiton</i> was the extract of a letter from T. C., Esquire, a near neighbour to the place; and though it needed little @@ -7374,27 +7343,27 @@ to Spraiton. Having likewise since had fresh testimonials of the veracity of that relation, and it being at first designed to fill this place, I have thought it not amiss (for the strangeness of it) to print it here a second time, exactly as I had transcribed it then.”—BOVET.</p> -<p><a name="footnote118"></a><a href="#citation118">{118}</a> +<p><a id="footnote118"></a><a href="#citation118">{118}</a> Shchapoff case of “The Dancing Devil” and “The Great Amherst Mystery”.</p> -<p><a name="footnote121"></a><a href="#citation121">{121}</a> +<p><a id="footnote121"></a><a href="#citation121">{121}</a> Additional MSS., British Museum, 27,402, <i>f</i>. 132.</p> -<p><a name="footnote122"></a><a href="#citation122">{122}</a> Really +<p><a id="footnote122"></a><a href="#citation122">{122}</a> Really 1628, unless, indeed, the long-continued appearances began in the year before Buckingham’s death; old style.</p> -<p><a name="footnote127"></a><a href="#citation127">{127}</a> +<p><a id="footnote127"></a><a href="#citation127">{127}</a> It may fairly be argued, granting the ghost, his advice and his knowledge of a secret known to the countess, that he was a hallucination unconsciously wired on to old Towse by the mind of the anxious countess herself!</p> -<p><a name="footnote129a"></a><a href="#citation129a">{129a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote129a"></a><a href="#citation129a">{129a}</a> Hamilton’s <i>Memoirs.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote129b"></a><a href="#citation129b">{129b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote129b"></a><a href="#citation129b">{129b}</a> Mrs. Thrale’s <i>Diary</i>, 28th November, 1779.</p> -<p><a name="footnote129c"></a><a href="#citation129c">{129c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote129c"></a><a href="#citation129c">{129c}</a> <i>Diary</i> of Lady Mary Coke, 30th November, 1779.</p> -<p><a name="footnote130a"></a><a href="#citation130a">{130a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote130a"></a><a href="#citation130a">{130a}</a> See <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., 586.</p> -<p><a name="footnote130b"></a><a href="#citation130b">{130b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote130b"></a><a href="#citation130b">{130b}</a> The difficulty of knowing whether one is awake or asleep, just about the moment of entering or leaving sleep is notorious. The author, on awaking in a perfectly dark room, has occasionally seen it in a dim @@ -7403,55 +7372,55 @@ of the wall paper. In a few moments this effect of light disappears, and all is darkness. This is the confused mental state technically styled “Borderland,” a haunt of ghosts, who are really flitting dreams.</p> -<p><a name="footnote131"></a><a href="#citation131">{131}</a> +<p><a id="footnote131"></a><a href="#citation131">{131}</a> <i>Life of Lockhart.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote132"></a><a href="#citation132">{132}</a> +<p><a id="footnote132"></a><a href="#citation132">{132}</a> The author has given authorities in <i>Blackwood’s Magazine</i> March, 1895. A Mr. Coulton (not Croker as erroneously stated) published in the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, No. 179, an article to prove that Lyttelton committed suicide, and was Junius. See also the author’s <i>Life of Lockhart.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote140"></a><a href="#citation140">{140}</a> +<p><a id="footnote140"></a><a href="#citation140">{140}</a> A prominent name among the witnesses at the trial.</p> -<p><a name="footnote141"></a><a href="#citation141">{141}</a> +<p><a id="footnote141"></a><a href="#citation141">{141}</a> The report of the trial in the <i>Scots Magazine</i> of June, 1754 (magazines appeared at the end of the month), adds nothing of interest. The trial lasted from 7 a.m. of June 11 till 6 a.m. of June 14. The jury deliberated for two hours before arriving at a verdict.</p> -<p><a name="footnote142"></a><a href="#citation142">{142}</a> +<p><a id="footnote142"></a><a href="#citation142">{142}</a> Sydney, no date.</p> -<p><a name="footnote144"></a><a href="#citation144">{144}</a> +<p><a id="footnote144"></a><a href="#citation144">{144}</a> <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., 586, quoting (apparently) the <i>Buckingham Gazette</i> of the period.</p> -<p><a name="footnote145a"></a><a href="#citation145a">{145a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote145a"></a><a href="#citation145a">{145a}</a> Oddly enough a Mr. William Soutar, of Blairgowrie, tells a ghost story of his own to the S.P.R.!</p> -<p><a name="footnote145b"></a><a href="#citation145b">{145b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote145b"></a><a href="#citation145b">{145b}</a> I put them for convenience at the foot.—W. L. L.</p> -<p><a name="footnote146a"></a><a href="#citation146a">{146a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote146a"></a><a href="#citation146a">{146a}</a> The dogs in all these towns (farms) of Mause are very well accustomed with hunting the fox.</p> -<p><a name="footnote146b"></a><a href="#citation146b">{146b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote146b"></a><a href="#citation146b">{146b}</a> Blair (Blairgowrie) is the kirk-town of that parish, where there is also a weekly market: it lies about a mile below Middle Mause on the same side of the river.</p> -<p><a name="footnote146c"></a><a href="#citation146c">{146c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote146c"></a><a href="#citation146c">{146c}</a> Knockhead is within less than half a mile of Middle Mause, and the Hilltown lies betwixt the two. We see both of them from our window of Craighall House.</p> -<p><a name="footnote148a"></a><a href="#citation148a">{148a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote148a"></a><a href="#citation148a">{148a}</a> This George Soutar died about two or three years ago, and was very well known to William.</p> -<p><a name="footnote148b"></a><a href="#citation148b">{148b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote148b"></a><a href="#citation148b">{148b}</a> The Isle is a spot of ground in the wood of Rychalzie, about a mile above Middle Mause, on the same side of the river.</p> -<p><a name="footnote149a"></a><a href="#citation149a">{149a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote149a"></a><a href="#citation149a">{149a}</a> Glasclune is a gentleman of the name of Blair, whose house lies about three-quarters of a mile south-west from Middle Mause.</p> -<p><a name="footnote149b"></a><a href="#citation149b">{149b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote149b"></a><a href="#citation149b">{149b}</a> He said the voice answered him as if it had been some distance without the door.</p> -<p><a name="footnote150"></a><a href="#citation150">{150}</a> +<p><a id="footnote150"></a><a href="#citation150">{150}</a> Besides the length of time since the murder was committed, there is another reason why all the bones were not found, <i>viz</i>., that there is a little burn or brook which had run for the space of twenty years, @@ -7461,27 +7430,27 @@ of which they were buried, had turned the force of the stream a little from off that place where they lay, for they were not more than a foot, or at most a foot and a half, under ground, and it is only within these three years that a water-spate has altered the course of the burn.</p> -<p><a name="footnote151"></a><a href="#citation151">{151}</a> +<p><a id="footnote151"></a><a href="#citation151">{151}</a> The course of the river (the Ericht) is from north to south. Middle Mause lies on the west side of it, and Craighall on the east.</p> -<p><a name="footnote155a"></a><a href="#citation155a">{155a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote155a"></a><a href="#citation155a">{155a}</a> With reference to the last statement in Mr. Newton’s notes see the <i>Journal</i> of Sir Walter Scott (edit., 1891, p. 210) under date 13th June, 1826.</p> -<p><a name="footnote155b"></a><a href="#citation155b">{155b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote155b"></a><a href="#citation155b">{155b}</a> <i>L’Homme Posthume.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote155c"></a><a href="#citation155c">{155c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote155c"></a><a href="#citation155c">{155c}</a> Denny’s <i>Folklore of China.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote156"></a><a href="#citation156">{156}</a> +<p><a id="footnote156"></a><a href="#citation156">{156}</a> Story received in a letter from Lieutenant --- of H.M.S gunboat ---.</p> -<p><a name="footnote157"></a><a href="#citation157">{157}</a> +<p><a id="footnote157"></a><a href="#citation157">{157}</a> He fought at Culloden, of course for King George, and was appealed to for protection by old Glengarry.</p> -<p><a name="footnote158a"></a><a href="#citation158a">{158a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote158a"></a><a href="#citation158a">{158a}</a> Fox’s hole.</p> -<p><a name="footnote158b"></a><a href="#citation158b">{158b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote158b"></a><a href="#citation158b">{158b}</a> How did Inverawe get leave to wear the Highland dress?</p> -<p><a name="footnote160"></a><a href="#citation160">{160}</a> +<p><a id="footnote160"></a><a href="#citation160">{160}</a> In every version of the story that I have heard or read Ticonderoga is called St. Louis, and Inverawe was ignorant of its other name. Yet in all the histories of the war that I have seen, the only name @@ -7497,63 +7466,63 @@ the interest of the story.—E. A. C.</p> <p>The French really called the place Fort Carillon, which disguised the native name Ticonderoga. See <i>Memoirs of the Chevalier Johnstone</i>.—A. L.</p> -<p><a name="footnote162"></a><a href="#citation162">{162}</a> +<p><a id="footnote162"></a><a href="#citation162">{162}</a> Abercromby’s force consisted of the 27th, 42nd, 44th, 46th, 55th, and battalions of the 60th Royal Americans, with about 9000 Provincials and a train of artillery. The assault, however, took place before the guns could come up, matters having been hastened by the information that M. de Lévy was approaching with 3000 French troops to relieve Ticonderoga garrison.</p> -<p><a name="footnote177a"></a><a href="#citation177a">{177a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote177a"></a><a href="#citation177a">{177a}</a> I know one inveterate ghost produced in an ancient Scottish house by these appliances.—A. L.</p> -<p><a name="footnote177b"></a><a href="#citation177b">{177b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote177b"></a><a href="#citation177b">{177b}</a> Such events are common enough in old tales of haunted houses.</p> -<p><a name="footnote177c"></a><a href="#citation177c">{177c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote177c"></a><a href="#citation177c">{177c}</a> This lady was well known to my friends and to Dr. Ferrier. I also have had the honour to make her acquaintance.</p> -<p><a name="footnote179"></a><a href="#citation179">{179}</a> +<p><a id="footnote179"></a><a href="#citation179">{179}</a> Apparently on Thursday morning really.</p> -<p><a name="footnote182"></a><a href="#citation182">{182}</a> +<p><a id="footnote182"></a><a href="#citation182">{182}</a> She gave, not for publication, the other real names, here altered to pseudonyms.</p> -<p><a name="footnote186"></a><a href="#citation186">{186}</a> +<p><a id="footnote186"></a><a href="#citation186">{186}</a> <i>Phantasms</i>, ii., 202.</p> -<p><a name="footnote188a"></a><a href="#citation188a">{188a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote188a"></a><a href="#citation188a">{188a}</a> Maspero, <i>Etudes Egyptiennes</i>, i., fascic. 2.</p> -<p><a name="footnote188b"></a><a href="#citation188b">{188b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote188b"></a><a href="#citation188b">{188b}</a> Examples cited in <i>Classical Review</i>, December, 1896, pp. 411, 413.</p> -<p><a name="footnote188c"></a><a href="#citation188c">{188c}</a> +<p><a id="footnote188c"></a><a href="#citation188c">{188c}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. xii., p. 45-116.</p> -<p><a name="footnote189"></a><a href="#citation189">{189}</a> +<p><a id="footnote189"></a><a href="#citation189">{189}</a> See “Lord St. Vincent’s Story”.</p> -<p><a name="footnote190"></a><a href="#citation190">{190}</a> +<p><a id="footnote190"></a><a href="#citation190">{190}</a> Anecdote received from the lady.</p> -<p><a name="footnote191"></a><a href="#citation191">{191}</a> +<p><a id="footnote191"></a><a href="#citation191">{191}</a> Story at second-hand.</p> -<p><a name="footnote192"></a><a href="#citation192">{192}</a> +<p><a id="footnote192"></a><a href="#citation192">{192}</a> See <i>The Standard</i> for summer, 1896.</p> -<p><a name="footnote196"></a><a href="#citation196">{196}</a> +<p><a id="footnote196"></a><a href="#citation196">{196}</a> I have once seen this happen, and it is a curious thing to see, when on the other side of the door there is nobody.</p> -<p><a name="footnote198a"></a><a href="#citation198a">{198a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote198a"></a><a href="#citation198a">{198a}</a> <i>S.P.R</i>., iii., 115, and from oral narrative of Mr. and Mrs. Rokeby. In 1885, when the account was published, Mr. Rokeby had not yet seen the lady in grey. Nothing of interest is known about the previous tenants of the house.</p> -<p><a name="footnote198b"></a><a href="#citation198b">{198b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote198b"></a><a href="#citation198b">{198b}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. viii., p. 311.</p> -<p><a name="footnote199"></a><a href="#citation199">{199}</a> +<p><a id="footnote199"></a><a href="#citation199">{199}</a> Letter of 31st January, 1884.</p> -<p><a name="footnote200"></a><a href="#citation200">{200}</a> +<p><a id="footnote200"></a><a href="#citation200">{200}</a> Six separate signed accounts by other witnesses are given. They add nothing more remarkable than what Miss Morton relates. No account was published till the haunting ceased, for fear of lowering the letting value of Bognor House.</p> -<p><a name="footnote201"></a><a href="#citation201">{201}</a> +<p><a id="footnote201"></a><a href="#citation201">{201}</a> Mr. A. H. Millar’s <i>Book of Glamis</i>, Scottish History Society.</p> -<p><a name="footnote202"></a><a href="#citation202">{202}</a> +<p><a id="footnote202"></a><a href="#citation202">{202}</a> This account is abridged from Mr. Walter Leaf’s translation of Aksakoff’s <i>Predvestniki Spiritizma</i>, St. Petersburg, 1895. Mr. Aksakoff publishes contemporary letters, certificates from witnesses, @@ -7566,13 +7535,13 @@ in Russian military quarters in 1853. As a quantity of Government property was burned, official inquiries were held. The reports are published by Mr. Aksakoff. The repeated verdict was that no suspicion attached to any subject of the Czar.</p> -<p><a name="footnote205"></a><a href="#citation205">{205}</a> +<p><a id="footnote205"></a><a href="#citation205">{205}</a> The same freedom was taken, as has been said, with a lady of the most irreproachable character, a friend of the author, in a haunted house, of the usual sort, in Hammersmith, about 1876.</p> -<p><a name="footnote206"></a><a href="#citation206">{206}</a> +<p><a id="footnote206"></a><a href="#citation206">{206}</a> <i>Proceedings</i>, <i>S.P.R</i>., vol. xii., p. 49.</p> -<p><a name="footnote212"></a><a href="#citation212">{212}</a> +<p><a id="footnote212"></a><a href="#citation212">{212}</a> John Wesley, however, places Hetty as next in seniority to Mary or Molly. We do not certainly know whether Hetty was a child, or a grown-up girl, but, as she always sat up till her father went to bed, the latter is @@ -7580,36 +7549,36 @@ the more probable opinion. As Hetty has been accused of causing the disturbances, her age is a matter of interest. Girls of twelve or thirteen are usually implicated in these affairs. Hetty was probably several years older.</p> -<p><a name="footnote220"></a><a href="#citation220">{220}</a> +<p><a id="footnote220"></a><a href="#citation220">{220}</a> 30th January, 1717.</p> -<p><a name="footnote221"></a><a href="#citation221">{221}</a> +<p><a id="footnote221"></a><a href="#citation221">{221}</a> Glanvil’s <i>Sadducismus Triumphatus</i>, 1726. Preface to part ii., Mompesson’s letters.</p> -<p><a name="footnote222"></a><a href="#citation222">{222}</a> +<p><a id="footnote222"></a><a href="#citation222">{222}</a> <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i>, November, December, 1872.</p> -<p><a name="footnote223"></a><a href="#citation223">{223}</a> +<p><a id="footnote223"></a><a href="#citation223">{223}</a> This happened, to a less degree, in the Wesley case, and is not uncommon in modern instances. The inference seems to be that the noises, like the sights occasionally seen, are hallucinatory, not real. <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i>, Dec., 1872, p. 666.</p> -<p><a name="footnote229"></a><a href="#citation229">{229}</a> +<p><a id="footnote229"></a><a href="#citation229">{229}</a> <i>S.P.R. Proceedings</i>, vol. xii., p. 7.</p> -<p><a name="footnote232"></a><a href="#citation232">{232}</a> +<p><a id="footnote232"></a><a href="#citation232">{232}</a> <i>Demon Possession in China</i>, p. 399. By the Rev. John L. Nevius, D.D. Forty years a missionary in China. Revel, New York, 1894.</p> -<p><a name="footnote233a"></a><a href="#citation233a">{233a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote233a"></a><a href="#citation233a">{233a}</a> Translated from report of Hsu Chung-ki, Nevius, p. 61.</p> -<p><a name="footnote233b"></a><a href="#citation233b">{233b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote233b"></a><a href="#citation233b">{233b}</a> Nevius, pp. 403-406.</p> -<p><a name="footnote234"></a><a href="#citation234">{234}</a> +<p><a id="footnote234"></a><a href="#citation234">{234}</a> <i>Op. cit</i>., p. 415. There are other cases in Mr. Denny’s <i>Folklore of China.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote239a"></a><a href="#citation239a">{239a}</a> +<p><a id="footnote239a"></a><a href="#citation239a">{239a}</a> <i>The Great Amherst Mystery</i>, by Walter Hubbell. Brentano, New York, 1882. I obtained some additional evidence at first hand published in <i>Longman’s Magazine.</i></p> -<p><a name="footnote239b"></a><a href="#citation239b">{239b}</a> +<p><a id="footnote239b"></a><a href="#citation239b">{239b}</a> The sources for this tale are two Gaelic accounts, one of which is printed in the <i>Gael</i>, vol. vi., p. 142, and the other in the <i>Glenbard Collection of Gaelic Poetry</i>, by the Rev. A. Maclean Sinclair, p. @@ -7618,426 +7587,32 @@ local tradition; the latter was obtained from a tailor, a native of Lochaber, who emigrated to Canada when about thirty years of age. When the story was taken down from his lips in 1885, he was over eighty years old, and died only a few months later.</p> -<p><a name="footnote246"></a><a href="#citation246">{246}</a> +<p><a id="footnote246"></a><a href="#citation246">{246}</a> John Arnason, in his <i>Icelandic Folklore and Fairy Tales</i> (vol. i., p. 309), gives the account of this as written by the Sheriff Hans Wium in a letter to Bishop Haldorr Brynjolfsson in the autumn of 1750.</p> -<p><a name="footnote249"></a><a href="#citation249">{249}</a> +<p><a id="footnote249"></a><a href="#citation249">{249}</a> <i>Huld</i>, part 3, p. 25, Keykjavik, 1893.</p> -<p><a name="footnote259"></a><a href="#citation259">{259}</a> +<p><a id="footnote259"></a><a href="#citation259">{259}</a> As at Amherst!</p> -<p><a name="footnote272"></a><a href="#citation272">{272}</a> +<p><a id="footnote272"></a><a href="#citation272">{272}</a> Written out from tradition on 24th May, 1852. The name of the afflicted family is here represented by a pseudonym.</p> -<p><a name="footnote273"></a><a href="#citation273">{273}</a> +<p><a id="footnote273"></a><a href="#citation273">{273}</a> From <i>Eyrbyggja Saga</i>, chaps, l.-lv. Fródá is the name of a farm on the north side of Snæfell Ness, the great headland which divides the west coast of Iceland.</p> -<p><a name="footnote292"></a><a href="#citation292">{292}</a> +<p><a id="footnote292"></a><a href="#citation292">{292}</a> Fact.</p> -<p><a name="footnote299"></a><a href="#citation299">{299}</a> +<p><a id="footnote299"></a><a href="#citation299">{299}</a> <i>Cornhill Magazine</i>, 1896.</p> -<p><a name="footnote300"></a><a href="#citation300">{300}</a> +<p><a id="footnote300"></a><a href="#citation300">{300}</a> This story should come under the head of “Common Deathbed Wraiths,” but, it is such an uncommon one!</p> <p>End of the Project Gutenberg eBook Dreams and Ghosts *** Corrected to here and fully spell-checked to here ***</p> <p> </p> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOOK OF DREAMS AND GHOSTS***</p> -<pre> - - -***** This file should be named 12621-h.htm or 12621-h.zip****** - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -https://www.gutenberg.org/1/2/6/2/12621 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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