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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12477 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 356.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Interior of the Colosseum.
+
+
+[Illustration: Interior of the Colosseum.]
+
+
+_References to the Engraving._
+
+A. Column or Tower in the centre of the building, for supporting the
+Ascending Room, &c.
+
+B. Entrance to the Ascending-Room.
+
+C. Saloon for the reception of works of art.
+
+D. Passage lending to the Saloon, Galleries, and Ascending-Room.
+
+E. F. Two separate Spiral Flights of Steps, leading to the Galleries, &c.
+
+G. H. I. Galleries from which the Picture is to be viewed.
+
+K. Refreshment-Room.
+
+L. Rooms for Music or Bells.
+
+M. The Old Ball from St. Paul's Cathedral.
+
+N. Stairs leading to the outside of the Building. _a. b._ Sky-lights.
+_c._ Plaster Dome, on which the sky is painted, _d._ Canvass on which
+the part of the picture up to the horizon is painted. _e._ Gallery,
+suspended by ropes, used for painting the distance, and uniting the
+plaster and the canvas. _f._ Temporary Bridge from the Gallery G to
+the Gallery _e._ from the end of which the echo of the building might
+be heard to the greatest advantage. _g._ One of Fifteen Triangular
+Platforms, used for painting the sky. _h._ Platforms fixed on the
+ropes of the Gallery _e_, used for finishing and clouding the sky.
+_k._ Different methods for getting at the lower parts of the canvas.
+_l._ Baskets for conveying colours. &c. to the artists, _m._ Cross or
+Shears, formed of two poles, from which a cradle or box is suspended,
+for finishing the picture after the removal of all the scaffolding
+and ropes.
+
+
+Mr. Hornor, in his colossal undertaking, has "devised a mean" to draw us
+out of the way; and a successful one it has already proved. As a return
+for the interest which his enterprise has excited, we are, however,
+induced to present its details to our readers, as perfect as the limits
+of the MIRROR will allow; and for this purpose we have been favoured by
+Mr. Parris with the drawing for the annexed cut.
+
+In No. 352, we gave a popular description of the interior of the
+Colosseum; but the reader's attention was therein directed to the
+splendid effect of the panorama or picture, whilst the means by which
+the painting was executed have been reserved for our present Number.
+This we have endeavoured to illustrate by the annexed engraving; and
+the explanation will be rendered still clearer by reference to No. 352,
+wherein we have given an outline of the difficulties with which the
+principal artist, Mr. Parris, had to contend in painting the panorama.
+We, however, omitted to state an obstacle equally formidable with the
+_reconciliation_ of the styles of the several artists engaged to
+assist Mr. Parris. This additional source of perplexity was the great
+change, almost amounting to the vitrification of enamel colours, which
+occurred in the hues of the various pigments, according to the point of
+view, and the immense distance of the canvas from the spectator.
+
+Besides furnishing the reader with the construction of the apartments,
+galleries, and ascents of the interior, the engraving presents some idea
+of the scaffoldings, bridges, platforms, and other mechanical
+contrivances requisite for the execution of the picture.
+
+The spiral staircase, it will be seen, leads to the lower gallery for
+viewing the picture. Unconnected with the intermediate gallery, there is
+a communication from the lowest gallery to the highest, and thence to
+the refreshment-rooms and exterior of the dome. The ascent to the second
+price gallery is by a spiral staircase under those already mentioned.
+The column, or central erection, containing these staircases and
+the ascending-room, is of timber, with twelve principal uprights
+seventy-three feet high, one foot square, set upon a circular curb of
+brickwork, hooped with iron, and further secured by bracing, and by
+two other circular curbs, from the upper one of which rises a cone of
+timbers thirty-four feet high, supporting the refreshment-rooms, the
+identical ball, and model of the cross, of St. Paul's, Mr. Hornor's
+sketching cabin, staircase to the exterior, &c. Without the circle of
+timbers already described, is another of twenty-four upright timbers;
+and between these two circles the staircases wind. The architectural
+fronts of the galleries form frame-works, through which the spectator
+may enjoy various parts of the panorama, as in so many distinct
+pictures.
+
+The cut and appended references will explain the devices for painting
+better than a more extended description; for mere words do not
+facilitate the understanding of inventions which in themselves are
+beautiful and simple. To heighten the effect, our artist has, however,
+introduced light sketchy outlines of the campanile towers of St. Paul's,
+the city, and the distant country. Mr. Parris's task must have been one
+of extreme peril, and notwithstanding his ingenious contrivances of
+galleries, bridges, platforms, &c. he fell twice from a considerable
+height; but in neither case was he seriously hurt. His progress reminds
+us of other grand flights to fame, but his success has been triumphant,
+and alike honourable to his genius and enterprise. In short, looking
+at the present advanced state of the Colosseum, Mr. Hornor and his
+indefatigable coadjutors may almost exclaim in the words of Dryden,
+
+  "Our toils, my friend, are crown'd with sure success:
+  The greater part perform'd, achieve the less."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DORCHESTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+St. Peter's church, Dorchester, is a handsome structure. There is a
+traditional rhyme about it which imports the founder of this church
+to have been Geoffery Van.
+
+  "Geoffery Van
+   With his wife Anne
+   And his maid Nan
+   Built this church."
+
+
+But there was long since dug up in a garden here a large seal, with
+indisputable marks of antiquity, and this inscription:--"Sigillum
+Galfridi de Ann." It is therefore supposed, with some reason, that
+the founder's name was Ann.
+
+A great number and variety of Roman coins have been dug up in this town,
+some of silver, others of copper, called by the common people, King
+Dorn's Pence; for they have a notion that one king Dorn was the founder
+of Dorchester.
+
+HALBERT H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FIRE AT YORK CATHEDRAL.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Ut Rosa flos florum
+  Sic est domus ista domorum.
+
+
+Such was the encomium bestowed on the venerable pile of York Minster by
+an old monkish writer; but, alas! what a change is there in the space
+of a few short hours; what a scene of desolation, what a lesson of the
+instability of sublunary things and the vanity of human grandeur! The
+glory of the city of York, of England, yea, almost of Europe, is now,
+through the fanaticism of a modern Erostratus, rendered comparatively
+a pile of ruin; but still
+
+  "Looks great in ruin, noble in decay."
+
+
+This is the third time that this magnificent structure has been assailed
+by fire; twice it has been totally destroyed; but, like another phoenix,
+it has again risen from its ashes in a greater degree of splendour. A
+period of nearly seven hundred years has now elapsed since the last of
+these occurrences; and the present fabric has but now narrowly escaped
+sharing the fate of its predecessors.
+
+The damage which the Minster has sustained is not, perhaps, of
+so great a magnitude as, from the first appearance of the fire, might
+have been anticipated. The destruction is principally confined to the
+_choir_, the roof of which is entirely consumed. The beautiful and
+elaborately carved _screen_,[1] which divides the choir from the
+nave, and forms a support for the organ-loft, has escaped in a most
+wonderful manner, a few of the more projecting ornaments being merely
+detached. The organ, an instrument scarcely equalled in tone by any
+other in Europe, is totally destroyed. The oaken stalls,[2] together
+with their richly carved canopies, have likewise perished. The altar
+table, which stood at the eastern end of the choir, on a raised
+pavement, ascended by a flight of fifteen steps, is likewise consumed,
+and the communion plate melted. The beautiful stone screen, which
+separated the Lady's Chapel from the altar, has not suffered so
+materially as was at first imagined. This elegant specimen of ancient
+sculpture is divided into eight pointed arches, and elaborately
+ornamented with tracery work: the lights were filled with plate glass,
+through which a fine view of the great eastern window was obtained;
+some pieces of which still remain uninjured.
+
+Such are the principal parts of the cathedral which have suffered. The
+books, cushions, and other movable effects, from the northern side of
+the choir, were fortunately rescued, together with the brazen eagle,
+from which the prayers were read. The wills, and other valuable
+documents, were also preserved.
+
+The choir, the destruction of which we have just related, was built by
+John de Thoresby, a prelate, raised to the archiepiscopal chair in 1532.
+On this building he expended the then enormous sum of one thousand eight
+hundred and ten pounds out of his own private purse. The first stone
+was laid on the 29th of July, 1361; but the founder died before its
+completion, as is evident from the arms of several of his successors in
+various parts of the building, particularly those of Scrope and Bowet,
+the latter of whom was not created archbishop until the year 1405. It
+was constructed in a more florid style of architecture than the rest of
+the fabric. The roof, higher by some feet than that of the nave, was
+more richly ornamented, an elegant kind of festoon work descending from
+the capitals of the pillars, which separated the middle from the side
+aisles; from these columns sprung the vaulted roof, the ribs of which
+crossed each other in angular compartments. The magnificent window, the
+admiration of all beholders, occupies nearly the whole space of the
+eastern end of the choir; it is divided by two large mullions into
+three principal divisions, which are again subdivided into three lights;
+the upper part from the springing of the arches are also separated
+into various compartments. It contains nearly two hundred subjects,
+principally scriptural. The painting of this window was executed about
+the year 1405, at the expense of the dean and chapter, by John Thornton,
+a glazier, of Coventry, who, by his contract, was engaged to finish it
+within three years, and to receive four shillings per week for his
+work; he was also to have one hundred shillings besides; and also ten
+pounds more if he did his work well.[3] On the exterior of the choir,
+immediately over the window, is the effigy of John de Thoresby, mitred
+and robed, and sitting in his archiepiscopal chair, his right hand
+pointing to the window, and in his left holding the model of a church.
+At the base of the window are the heads of Christ and the Apostles,
+with that of some sovereign, supposed to be Edward III.
+
+We will now bring this article to a close, by quoting the words of Æneas
+Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II., in praise of York Cathedral. He says,
+"It is famous all over the world for its magnificence and workmanship,
+but especially for a fine lightsome chapel, with shining walls, and
+small, thin-waisted pillars, quite round."[4]
+
+S.I.B.
+
+
+    [1] This elegant and curious piece of workmanship, the history of
+        which is involved in uncertainty, bears the marks of an age
+        subsequent to that of the choir, and was probably erected in
+        the reign of Henry VI. It is in the most finished style of the
+        florid Gothic, containing niches, canopies, pediments, and
+        pinnacles, and decorated with the statues of all the sovereigns
+        of England, from the Norman Conquest to Henry V. The statue of
+        James I. stands in the niche which tradition assigns as that
+        formerly occupied by the one of Henry VI.
+
+    [2] These stalls or seats which were formed of oak, and of the most
+        elaborate workmanship, occupied the side, and western end of the
+        choir: they were surmounted by canopies, supported by slender
+        pillars, rising from the arms, each being furnished with a
+        movable misericordia.
+
+    [3] Vide Drake's Eboracum, p. 527.
+
+    [4] We thank our intelligent antiquarian correspondent for this
+        article, which, he will perceive appears somewhat, abridged,
+        as we are unable to spare room for further details.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE VINE.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HERDER.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+On the day of their creation, the trees boasted one to another, of their
+excellence. "Me, the Lord planted!" said the lofty cedar;--"strength,
+fragrance, and longevity, he bestowed on me."
+
+"Jehovah fashioned me to be a blessing," said the shadowy palm;
+"utility and beauty he united in my form." The apple-tree, said, "Like
+a bridegroom among youths, I glow in my beauty amidst the trees of the
+grove!" The myrtle, said, "Like the rose among briars, so am I amidst
+the other shrubs." Thus all boasted;--the olive and the fig-tree--and
+even the fir.
+
+The vine, alone, drooped silent to the ground! "To me," thought he,
+"every thing seems to have been refused;--I have neither stem--nor
+branches--nor flowers,--but such as _I am_, I will hope and wait."
+The vine bent down its shoots, and wept!
+
+Not long had the vine to wait; for, behold, the divinity of earth, man,
+drew nigh; he saw the feeble, helpless, plant trailing its honours along
+the soil:--in pity, he lifted up the recumbent shoots, and twined the
+feeble plant around his own bower.
+
+Now the winds played with its leaves and tendrils; and the warmth of the
+sun began to empurple its hard green grapes, and to prepare within them
+a sweet and delicious juice.
+
+Decked with its rich clusters, the vine leaned towards its master, who
+tasted its refreshing fruit and juicy beverage; and he named the vine,
+his friend and favourite.
+
+Despair not, ye forsaken; bear--be patient,--and strive.
+
+From the insignificant reed flows the sweetest of juices;--from the
+bending vine springs the most delightful drink of the earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SKETCH-BOOK.
+
+THE BATTLE OF NAVARINO.--BY AN OFFICER ENGAGED.
+
+(_Abridged from No. 2, of the United Service Journal._)
+
+
+We had been cruizing off the coast of the Morea, for the protection of
+trading vessels, and to watch the motions of the numerous Greek pirates
+infesting the narrow seas and adjacent islands. For fourteen months we
+had been thus actively employed, when the arrival of the Albion and
+Genoa, from Lisbon, hinted to us, that some coercive measures were
+about to be used against the Turks, to cause them to discontinue the
+exterminating war they carried on against the Greeks, and to evacuate
+the country pursuant to the terms of the treaty of July, 1827. The
+prospect of a collision with the Turkish fleet appeared to be very
+agreeable to the ship's crew, as they had got a little tired of their
+long confinement on board, and anxiously looked for a speedy return to
+Malta to get ashore, which they had not been able to do for upwards of a
+year. We again proceeded on our protecting duty, and parted company with
+the admiral in the Asia. In about six weeks we returned, and found that
+many other British vessels had joined the Asia, whilst the squadrons of
+France and Russia added to the number of the fleet, which altogether
+presented an imposing attitude.
+
+The Turkish and Egyptian fleets had arrived from the unsuccessful
+attempt in the Gulf of Patras some time before, and lay off the Bay of
+Navarino, before they finally entered and took up a position within
+the harbour. While the Ottoman fleet lay off the bay, the Turkish
+troops were said to have committed many unjustifiable outrages on the
+defenceless inhabitants of the country adjacent to Navarino; information
+of these oppressive acts was conveyed to the British admiral, and, it
+is believed, formed the grounds of a strong remonstrance on his part,
+addressed to the Turkish commanders, which hastened the collision
+between the two armaments. These facts were generally known throughout
+the fleet, and a "_row_" was eagerly expected.
+
+About the beginning of October we had returned from our cruize; the men,
+ever since we had been in commission, had been daily exercised at the
+guns, and, by firing at marks, they had much improved in their practice.
+
+Before entering the bay, the Ottoman fleet lay at the distance of ten or
+twelve miles from the Allies. They appeared numerous, with many small
+craft. Most of them bore the crimson flag flying at their peak, and on
+coming closer, a crescent and sword were visible on the flags. Their
+ships looked well, and in tolerable order: the Egyptians were evidently
+superior to the Turks.
+
+Little communication took place between the Allied and Turkish fleets.
+The Dartmouth had gone into the bay twice, bearing the terms proposed by
+the allied commanders to Ibrahim Pacha. No satisfactory answer had been
+returned by the Ottoman admiral, whose conduct appeared evasive and
+trifling, implying a contempt for our prowess, and daring us to do our
+worst.
+
+The Dartmouth having proceeded for the last time into the bay, with the
+final requisitions, and having brought back no satisfactory reply, on
+Saturday, the 20th of October, 1827, about noon, Admiral Codrington,
+favoured by a gentle sea-breeze, bore up under all sail for the mouth
+of the Bay of Navarino. A buzz ran instantly through the ship at the
+welcome intelligence of the admiral's bearing up; and I could easily
+perceive the hilarity and exultation of the seamen, and their impatience
+for the contest.
+
+Our ship's crew was chiefly composed of young men, who had never seen a
+shot fired; yet, to judge from their manner, one would have thought them
+familiar with the business of fighting. The decks were then cleared for
+action, and the ship was quite ready, as we neared the mouth of the bay.
+
+The Asia led the fleet, and was the first to enter the bay, followed by
+the ships in two columns. This was about one o'clock, or rather later.
+Abreast of Sir Edward Codrington was the French admiral, distinguished
+by the large white flag at the mizen. Then came the Genoa and Albion,
+followed by the Dartmouth, Talbot, and brigs, along with the French and
+Russian squadrons, in more distant succession. Every sail was set, so
+that the vast crowd of canvass, that looked more bleached and glittering
+in the rays of the sun, and contrasted with the deep blue unclouded sky,
+presented a magnificent and spirit-stirring spectacle. The breeze was
+just powerful enough to carry the allied fleet forward at a gentle rate,
+and as the wind freshened a little at times, it had the effect of
+causing the ships to heel to one side in a graceful, undulating
+manner,--the various flags and pendants of the united nations puffing
+out occasionally from the mast-heads. The sea was smooth, the weather
+rather warm, and the air quite clear. As we neared the entrance of the
+bay, the land presented all around a rugged, steep appearance towards
+the sea. In the distance, the mountains were visible, of a light blue,
+with whitish clouds apparently resting on their summits. The town and
+castle of Navarino presented a bright, picturesque look, and some spots
+of cultivation were to be seen. In the interior there rose in the air
+what looked like the smoke of some conflagration, and such we all
+believed was the case, as the Turkish soldiery had been employed in
+ravaging the country, and carrying away the inhabitants. An encampment
+of tents lay near, close to the castle, and large bodies of soldiers
+were easily discernible crowding on the batteries as we approached. We
+were about five hundred yards distant from the castle. The breadth of
+the entrance was about a mile.
+
+When the Asia had arrived abreast of this castle, a boat rowed from the
+shore, and came alongside of the Asia with a request from Ibraham Pacha,
+that the allied fleets would not enter the bay; and just about that
+time, an unshotted gun was fired from the castle, which we interpreted
+as a signal for the Ottoman fleet to prepare for action. Close to the
+mouth of the bay, the cluster of vessels was considerable, all bearing
+up under a press of sail, and in perfect order. Our ship was close on
+the Asia's quarter. No opposition was made to our progress by the
+batteries of Navarino, which was a matter of surprise to all, as the men
+were ready at their quarters in momentary expectation of being attacked.
+To the spectators on the battlements our fleet must have presented a
+beautiful, though a formidable, appearance.
+
+As soon as we had cleared the mouth of the bay, the Turko-Egyptian
+fleet was seen ranged round from right to left, in the form of an
+extensive crescent, in two lines, each ship with springs on her cables.
+Thus the combined fleets were in the centre of the lion's den, and
+the lists might be said to have been closed. The Asia, on passing the
+mouth of Navarino, sailed onwards to where the Turkish and Egyptian
+line-of-battle ships lay at anchor about three-quarters of a mile
+farther up the bay, and anchored close abreast one of their largest
+ships, bearing the flag of the Capitan Bey. The Genoa took her station
+near the Asia, whilst the Albion followed; but the Turks being so
+closely wedged together, she could not find space to pass between them
+to her appointed berth. The ship of the Egyptian Admiral lay as close to
+the Asia as that of the Capitan Bey: a large double-banked frigate was
+also near: all these three ships being moored in front of the crescent
+close upon the Asia and the Genoa. The wind by this time had almost
+died away, consequently the Albion had to anchor close alongside the
+double-banked frigate. This failing of the wind retarded considerably
+the progress of the ships, which had not yet entered the bay,
+particularly the Russian ships, and several of ours, which came later
+into action, and had to encounter the firing of the artillery of the
+castle.
+
+The Egyptian fleet lay to the south-east; and, as it was well known that
+several French officers were serving on board, the French Admiral was
+appointed to place his squadron abreast of them. It appears, however,
+that, with one exception, all these Frenchmen quitted the Egyptian
+fleet, and went on board an Austrian transport which lay off the coast.
+
+The post assigned to the Cambrian, Talbot, and Glasgow, along with the
+French frigate Armide, was alongside of the Turkish frigates at the
+left of the crescent on entering into the bay; whilst the Dartmouth,
+Musquito, the Rose, and Philomel, were ordered to keep a sharp look-out
+on the several fireships lurking suspiciously at the extremities of the
+crescent, and apparently ripe for mischief.
+
+It was strictly enjoined in the orders, that no gun was to be fired,
+without a signal to that effect made by the Admiral, unless it should be
+in return for shots fired at us by the Turkish fleet. Each ship was to
+anchor with springs on her cables, if time allowed; and the orders
+concluded with the memorable words of Nelson,--"No captain can do
+very wrong who places his ship alongside of any enemy."
+
+It was about two o'clock when we arrived at our station on the left of
+the bay, and anchored. The men were immediately sent aloft to furl the
+sails, which operation lasted a few minutes. Whilst so employed, the
+Dartmouth, distant about half a mile from our ship, had sent a boat,
+commanded by Lieut. Fitzroy, to request the fireship to remove from her
+station; a fire of musketry ensued from the fireship into the boat,
+killing the officer and several men. This brought on a return of
+small-arms from the Dartmouth and Syrene. Capt. Davis, of the Rose,
+having witnessed the firing of the Turkish vessel, went in one of his
+boats to assist that of the Dartmouth; and the crew of these two boats
+were in the act of climbing up the sides of the fireship, when she
+instantly exploded with a tremendous concussion, blowing the men into
+the water, and killing and disabling several in the boats close
+alongside. Just about this time, and before the men had descended from
+the yards, an Egyptian double-banked frigate poured a broadside into our
+ship. The captain gave instant orders to fire away; and the broadside
+was returned with terrible effect, every shot striking the hull of the
+Egyptian frigate. The men were now hastily descending the shrouds, while
+the captain sung out, "Now, my lads! down to the main-deck, and fire
+away as fast as you can." The seamen cheered loudly as they fired the
+first broadside, and continued to do so at intervals during the action.
+The battle had actually commenced to windward before the Asia and the
+Ottoman admiral had exchanged a single shot; and the action in that part
+of the bay was brought on in nearly a similar manner as in ours, by the
+Turks firing into the boat dispatched by Sir E. Codrington to explain
+the mediatorial views of the Allies. The Greek pilot had been killed;
+and ere the Asia's boat had reached the ship, the firing was unremitting
+between the Asia, Genoa, and Albion, and the Turkish ships. About
+half-past two o'clock, the battle had become general throughout the
+whole lines, and the cannonade was one uninterrupted crash, louder than
+any thunder. Previous to the Egyptian frigate firing into us, the men,
+not engaged in furling the sails, had stripped themselves to their
+duck-frocks, and were binding their black-silk neckcloths round
+their heads and waists, and some upon their left knees.
+
+The Egyptian frigate, which had fired into our ship was distant about
+half a cable's length. Near her was another of the same large class,
+together with a Turkish frigate and a corvette. These four ships poured
+their broadsides into us without intermission for nearly a quarter of an
+hour; but after a few rounds their firing became irregular and hasty,
+and many of their shots injured our rigging. At the first broadside we
+received, two men near me were instantly struck dead on the deck. There
+was no appearance of any wounds upon them, but they never stirred a
+limb; and their bodies, after lying a little beside the gun at which
+they had been working, were dragged amid-ships. Several of the men were
+now severely wounded.
+
+We were near enough to distinguish the Turkish and Egyptian sailors in
+the enemy's ships. They seemed to be a motley group. Most of them wore
+turbans of white, with a red cap below, small brown jackets, and very
+wide trousers; their legs were bare. They were active, brawny fellows,
+of a dark-brown complexion, and they crowded the Turkish ships, which
+accounts for the very great slaughter we occasioned among them. Many
+dead bodies were tumbled through their port-holes into the sea.
+
+Capt. Hugon, commanding the French frigate L'Armide, about three
+o'clock, seeing the unequal, but unflinching combat we were maintaining,
+wormed his ship coolly and deliberately through the Turkish inner line,
+in such a gallant, masterly style, as never for one moment to obstruct
+the fire of our ship upon our opponents. He then anchored on our
+starboard-quarter, and fired a broadside into one of the Turkish
+frigates, thus relieving us of one of our foes, which, in about ten
+minutes, struck to the gallant Frenchman; who, on taking possession, in
+the most handsome manner, hoisted our flag along with his own, to show
+he had but completed the work we had begun. The skill, gallantry, and
+courtesy of the French captain, were the subject of much talk amongst
+us, and we were loud in his praise. We had still two of the frigates
+and the corvette to contend with, whilst the Armide was engaged, when
+a Russian line-of-battle-ship came up, and attracted the attention of
+another Egyptian frigate, and thus drew off her fire from us. Our men
+had now a breathing time, and they poured broadside upon broadside into
+the Egyptian frigate, which had been our first assailant. The rapidity
+and intensity of our concentrated fire soon told upon the vessel. Her
+guns were irregularly served, and many shots struck our rigging. Our
+round-shot, which were pointed to sink her, passed through her sides,
+and frequently tore up her decks in rebounding. In a short time she was
+compelled to haul down her colours, and ceased firing. We learned
+afterwards, that her decks were covered with nearly one hundred and
+fifty dead and wounded men, and the deck itself ripped up from the
+effects of our balls. In the interim, the corvette, which had annoyed us
+exceedingly during the action, came in for her share of our notice, and
+we managed to repay her in some style for the favours she had bestowed
+on us in the heat of the business. Orders were then issued for the men
+to cease firing for a few minutes, until the Rose had passed between our
+ship and the corvette, and had stationed herself in such a position as
+to annoy the latter in conjunction with us. Our firing was then renewed
+with redoubled fury, The men, during the pause, had leisure to quench
+their thirst from the tank which stood on the deck, and they appeared
+greatly refreshed--I may say, almost exhilarated, and to their work
+they merrily went again.
+
+The double-banked Egyptian frigate, which had struck her colours to us,
+to our astonishment began, after having been silenced for some time, to
+open a smart fire on our ships, though she had no colours flying. The
+men were exceedingly exasperated at such treacherous conduct, and they
+poured into her two severe broadsides, which effectually silenced her,
+and at the moment we saw that a blue ensign was run up her mast, on
+which we ceased cannonading her, and she never fired another gun during
+the remainder of the action. It was a Greek pilot, pressed on board the
+Egyptian, who ran up the English ensign, to prevent our ship from firing
+again. He declared that our shot came into the frigate as thick and
+rapidly as a hail-storm, and so terrified the crew, that they all ran
+below. From the combined effects of our firing, and that of the Russian
+ship, the other Egyptian frigate hauled down her colours. The corvette,
+which was roughly handled by the Rose, was driven on shore, and there
+destroyed.
+
+Before this, however, a Turkish fireship approached us, having seemingly
+no one on board. We fired into her, and in a few minutes she loudly
+exploded astern, without doing us any damage. The concussion was
+tremendous, shaking the ship through every beam. Another fireship came
+close to the Philomel which soon sunk her, and in the very act of going
+down she exploded.
+
+A large ship near the Asia was now seen to be on fire; the blaze flamed
+up as high as the topmast, and soon became one vast sheet of fire; in
+that state she continued for a short time. The crew could be easily
+discerned gliding about across the light; and, after a horrible
+suspense, she blew up, with an explosion far louder and more stunning
+than the ships which had done so in our vicinity. The smoke and lurid
+flame ascended to a vast height in the air; beams, masts, and pieces of
+the hull, along with human figures in various distorted postures, were
+clearly distinguishable in the air.
+
+It was now almost dark, and the action had ceased to be general
+throughout the lines; but blaze rose upon blaze, and explosion thundered
+upon explosion, in various parts of the bay. A pretty sharp cannonading
+had been kept up between the guns of the castle and the ships entering
+the bay, and that firing still continued. The smaller Turkish vessels,
+forming the second line, were now nearly silenced, and several exhibited
+signs of being on fire, from the thick light-coloured smoke that rose
+from their decks.
+
+The action had nearly terminated by six o'clock, after a duration of
+four hours. Daylight had disappeared unperceived, owing to the dense
+smoke of the cannonading, which, from the cessation of the firing,
+now began to clear away, and showed us a clouded sky. The bay was
+illuminated in various quarters by the numerous burning ships, which
+rendered the sight one of the most sublime and magnificent that could
+be imagined.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+MEMORABLE DAYS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VALENTINE'S DAY.
+
+
+  Seynte _Valentine_. Of custome, yeere by yeere,
+    Men have an usaunce, in this regioun,
+  To loke and serche Cupide's kalendere,
+    And chose theyr choyse, by grete affeccioun;
+    Such as ben _move_ with Cupide's mocioun,
+  Taking theyr choyse as theyr sorte doth falle;
+  But I love oon whyche excellith alle.
+
+LYDGATE'S _Poem of Queen Catherine, consort to Henry V._, 1440.
+
+
+In some villages in Kent there is a singular custom observed on St.
+Valentine's day. The young maidens, from five or six to eighteen years
+of age, assemble in a crowd, and burn an uncouth effigy, which they
+denominate a "_holly boy_," and which they obtain from the boys;
+while in another part of the village the boys burn an equally ridiculous
+effigy, which they call an "ivy girl," and which they steal from the
+girls. The oldest inhabitants can give you no reason or account of this
+curious practice, though it is always a sport at this season.
+
+Numerous are the sports and superstitions concerning the day in
+different parts of England. In some parts of Dorsetshire the young folks
+purchase wax candles, and let them remain lighted all night in the
+bedroom. I learned this from some old Dorsetshire friends of mine, who,
+however, could throw no further _light_ upon the subject. In the
+same county, I was also informed it was in many places customary for the
+maids to hang up in the kitchen a bunch of such flowers as were then in
+season, neatly suspended by a true lover's knot of blue riband. These
+innocent doings are prevalent in other parts of England, and elsewhere.
+
+Misson, a learned traveller, relates an amusing practice which was kept
+up in his time:--"On the eve of St. Valentine's day, the young folks in
+England and Scotland, by a very ancient custom, celebrated a little
+festival. An equal number of maids and bachelors assemble together; all
+write their true or some feigned name separately upon as many billets,
+which they rolled up, and drew by way of lots, the maids taking the
+men's billets, and the men the maids'; so that each of the young men
+lights upon a girl that he calls his Valentine, and each of the girls
+upon a young man which she calls her's. By this means each has two
+Valentines; but the man sticks faster to the Valentine that falls to
+him, than to the Valentine to whom he has fallen. Fortune having thus
+divided the company into so many couples, the Valentines give balls and
+treats to their fair mistresses, wear their billets several days upon
+their bosoms or sleeves, and this little sport often ends in love."
+
+In Poor Robin's Almanack, 1676, the _drawing_ of Valentines is thus
+alluded to:
+
+  "Now Andrew, Antho-
+    Ny, and William,
+  For Valentines _draw_
+    Prue, Kate, Jilian."
+
+
+Gay makes mention of a method of choosing Valentines in his time, viz.
+that the lad's Valentine was the first lass he spied in the morning, who
+was not an inmate of the house; and the lass's Valentine was the first
+young man she met.
+
+Also, it is a belief among certain playful damsels, that if they pin
+four bay leaves to the corners of the pillow, and the fifth in the
+middle, they are certain of dreaming of their lover.
+
+Shakspeare bears witness to the custom of looking out of window for a
+Valentine, or desiring to be one, by making Ophelia sing:--
+
+  Good morrow! 'tis St. Valentine's day,
+    All in the morning betime,
+  And I a maid at your window.
+    To be your Valentine!
+
+
+In London this day is ushered in by the thundering knock of the postman
+at the different doors, through whose hands some thousands of Valentines
+pass for many a fair maiden in the course of the day. Valentines are,
+however, getting very ridiculous, if we may go by the numerous doggrels
+that appear in the print-shops on this day. As an instance, I transmit
+the reader a copy of some lines appended to a Valentine sent me last
+year. Under the figure of a shoemaker, with a head thrice the size of
+his body, and his legs forming an oval, were the following rhymes:--
+
+  Do you think to be my Valentine?
+  Oh, no! you snob, you shan't be mine:
+  So big your ugly head has grown,
+  No wig will fit to seem your own
+  Go, find your equal if you can,
+  For I will ne'er have such a man;
+  Your fine _bow_ legs and turned-in feet,
+  Make you a _citizen_ complete."
+
+
+The _fair_ writer had here evidently ventured upon a pun; how far
+it has succeeded I will leave others to say. The lovely creature was,
+however, entirely ignorant of my calling; and whatever impression such
+a description would leave on the reader's mind, it made none on mine,
+though in the second verse I was certainly much pleased with the fair
+punster. I wish you saw the engraving!
+
+W.H.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Kirkstall Abbey.]
+
+
+The first page or frontispiece embellisment of the present Number of the
+MIRROR illustrates one of the most recent triumphs of art; and the above
+vignette is a fragment of the monastic splendour of the twelfth century.
+Truly this is the _bathos_ of art. The plaster and paint of the
+_Colosseum_ are scarcely dry, and half the work is in embryo;
+whilst _Kirkstall_ is crumbling to dust, and reading us "sermons in
+stones:" we may well say,
+
+  "Look here, upon this picture, and on this."
+
+
+Kirkstall Abbey is situated a short distance from Leeds, in the West
+Riding of Yorkshire. Its situation is one of the most picturesque that
+the children of romance can wish for, being in a beautiful vale, watered
+by the river Aire. It was of the Cistercian order, founded by Henry de
+Lacy in 1157, and valued at the dissolution at 329l. 2s. 11d. Its rents
+are now worth 10,253l. 6s. 8d. The gateway has been walled up, and
+converted into a farm-house. The abbot's palace was on the south; the
+roof of the aisle is entirely gone; places for six altars, three on each
+side the high altar, appear by distinct chapels, but to what saints
+dedicated is not easy, at this time, to discover. The length of the
+church, from east to west, was 224 feet; the transept, from north to
+south, 118 feet. The tower, built in the time of Henry VIII., remained
+entire till January 27, 1779, when three sides of it were blown down,
+and only the fourth remains. Part of an arched chamber, leading to the
+cemetery, and part of the dormitory, still remain. On the ceiling of a
+room in the gatehouse is inscribed,
+
+  Mille et Quingentos postquam compleverit Orbis
+  Tuq: et ter demos per sua signi Deus
+  Prima sauluteferi post cunabula Christi,
+  Cui datur omnium Honor, Gloria, Laus, et Amor.
+
+
+The principal window is particularly admired as a rich specimen of
+Gothic beauty, and a tourist, in 1818, says, "bids defiance to time
+and tempest;" but in our engraving, which is of very recent date, the
+details of the window will be sought for in vain. "Shrubs and trees,"
+observes the same writer, "have found a footing in the crevices, and
+branches from the walls shook in undulating monotony, and with a gloomy
+and spiritual murmur, that spoke to the ear of time and events gone by,
+and lost in oblivion and dilapidation. At the end, immediately beneath
+the colossal window, grows an alder of considerable luxuriance, which,
+added to the situation of every other object, brought Mr. Southey's
+pathetic ballad of 'Mary the Maid of the Inn,' so forcibly before my
+imagination,[5] that I involuntarily turned my eye to search for the
+grave, where the murderers concealed their victim." He likewise tells
+us of "the former garden of the monastery, still cultivated, and
+exhibiting a fruitful appearance;" cells and cavities covered with
+underwood; and his ascent to a gallery by a winding turret stair,
+whence, says he, "the monks of Kirkstall feasted their eyes with all
+that was charming in nature. It is said," adds he, "that a subterraneous
+passage existed from hence to Eshelt Hall, a distance of some miles,
+and that the entrance is yet traced."
+
+
+    [5] We ourselves remember the thrilling effect of our first reading
+        this ballad; especially while clambering over the ruins of
+        Brambletye House. Indeed, the incident of the ballad is of the
+        most sinking character, and it works on the stage with truly
+        melo-dramatic force, Perhaps, there is not a more interesting
+        picture than a solitary tree, tufted on a time-worn ruin; there
+        are a thousand associations in such a scene, which, to the
+        reflective mind, are dear as life's-blood, and as an artist
+        would say, they make a fine study.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AMERICAN SONG BIRDS.
+
+
+The _Mocking-bird_ seems to be the prince of all song birds, being
+altogether unrivalled in the extent and variety of his vocal powers;
+and, besides the fulness and melody of his original notes, he has the
+faculty of imitating the notes of all other birds, from the humming-bird
+to the eagle. Pennant tells us that he heard a caged one, in England,
+imitate the mewing of a cat and the creaking of a sign in high winds.
+The Hon. Daines Barrington says, his pipe comes nearest to the
+nightingale, of any bird he ever heard. The description, however, given
+by Wilson, in his own inimitable manner, as far excels Pennant and
+Barrington as the bird excels his fellow-songsters. Wilson tells that
+the ease, elegance and rapidity of his movements, the animation of his
+eye, and the intelligence he displays in listening and laying up
+lessons, mark the peculiarity of his genius. His voice is full, strong,
+and musical, and capable of almost every modulation, from the clear
+mellow tones of the wood thrush to the savage scream of the bald eagle.
+In measure and accents he faithfully follows his originals, while in
+force and sweetness of expression he greatly improves upon them.
+In his native woods, upon a dewy morning, his song rises above every
+competitor, for the others seem merely as inferior accompaniments. His
+own notes are bold and full, and varied seemingly beyond all limits.
+They consist of short expressions of two, three, or at most five or six,
+syllables, generally expressed with great emphasis and rapidity, and
+continued with undiminished ardour, for half an hour or an hour at a
+time. While singing, he expands his wings and his tail, glistening with
+white, keeping time to his own music, and the buoyant gaiety of his
+action is no less fascinating than his song. He sweeps round with
+enthusiastic ecstasy, he mounts and descends as his song swells or dies
+away; he bounds aloft, as Bartram says, with the celerity of an arrow,
+as if to recover or recall his very soul, expired in the last elevated
+strain. A bystander might suppose that the whole feathered tribes had
+assembled together on a trial of skill; each striving to produce his
+utmost effect, so perfect are his imitations. He often deceives the
+sportsman, and even birds themselves are sometimes imposed upon by this
+admirable mimic. In confinement he loses little of the power or energy
+of his song. He whistles for the dog; Cæsar starts up, wags his tail,
+and runs to meet his master. He cries like a hurt chicken, and the hen
+hurries about, with feathers on end, to protect her injured brood. He
+repeats the tune taught him, though it be of considerable length, with
+great accuracy. He runs over the notes of the canary, and of the red
+bird, with such superior execution and effect, that the mortified
+songsters confess his triumph by their silence. His fondness for
+variety, some suppose to injure his song. His imitations of the brown
+thrush is often interrupted by the crowing of cocks; and his exquisite
+warblings after the blue bird, are mingled with the screaming of
+swallows, or the cackling of hens. During moonlight, both in the wild
+and tame state, he sings the whole night long. The hunters, in their
+night excursions, know that the moon is rising the instant they begin to
+hear his delightful solo. After Shakspeare, Barrington attributes in
+part the exquisiteness of the nightingale's song to the silence of the
+night; but if so, what are we to think of the bird which in the open
+glare of day, overpowers and often silences all competition? His natural
+notes partake of a character similar to those of the brown thrush, but
+they are more sweet, more expressive, more varied, and uttered with
+greater rapidity.
+
+The _Yellow breasted Chat_ naturally follows his superior in the
+art of mimicry. When his haunt is approached, he scolds the passenger in
+a great variety of odd and uncouth monosyllables, difficult to describe,
+but easily imitated so as to deceive the bird himself, and draw him
+after you to a good distance. At first are heard short notes like the
+whistling of a duck's wings, beginning loud and rapid, and becoming
+lower and slower, till they end in detached notes. There succeeds
+something like the barking of young puppies, followed by a variety of
+guttural sounds, and ending like the mewing of a cat, but much hoarser.
+
+The song of the _Baltimore Oriole_ is little less remarkable than
+his fine appearance, and the ingenuity with which he builds his nest.
+His notes consist of a clear mellow whistle, repeated at short intervals
+as he gleams among the branches. There is in it a certain wild
+plaintiveness and _naïveté_ extremely interesting. It is not uttered
+with rapidity, but with the pleasing tranquillity of a careless
+ploughboy, whistling for amusement. Since the streets of some of the
+American towns have been planted with Lombardy poplars, the orioles are
+constant visiters, chanting their native "wood notes wild," amid the din
+of coaches, wheelbarrows, and sometimes within a few yards of a bawling
+oysterwoman.
+
+The _Virginian Nightingale_, _Red Bird_, or _Cardinal
+Grosbeak_, has great clearness, variety, and melody in his notes,
+many of which resemble the higher notes of a fife, and are nearly as
+loud. He sings from March till September, and begins early in the dawn,
+and repeating a favourite stanza twenty or thirty times successively,
+and often for a whole morning together, till, like a good story too
+frequently repeated, it becomes quite tiresome. He is very sprightly,
+and full of vivacity; yet his notes are much inferior to those of the
+wood, or even of the brown thrush.
+
+The whole song of the _Black-throated Bunting_ consists of five, or
+rather two, notes; the first repeated twice and very slowly, the third
+thrice and rapidly, resembling _chip_, _chip_, _che-che-che_;
+of which ditty he is by no means parsimonious, but will continue it for
+hours successively. His manners are much like those of the European
+yellow-hammer, sitting, while he sings, on palings and low bushes.
+
+The song of the _Rice Bird_ is highly musical. Mounting and
+hovering on the wing, at a small height above the ground, he chants out
+a jingling melody of varied notes, as if half a dozen birds were singing
+together. Some idea may be formed of it, by striking the high keys of a
+piano-forte singly and quickly, making as many contrasts as possible, of
+high and low notes. Many of the tones are delightful, but the ear can
+with difficulty separate them. The general effect of the whole is good;
+and when ten or twelve are singing on the same tree, the concert is
+singularly pleasing.
+
+The _Red-eyed Flycatcher_ has a loud, lively, and energetic song,
+which is continued sometimes for an hour without intermission. The
+notes are, in short emphatic bars of two, three, or four syllables.
+On listening to this bird, in his full ardour of song, it requires but
+little imagination to fancy you hear the words "Tom Kelly! whip! Tom
+Kelly!'" very distinctly; and hence Tom Kelly is the name given to the
+bird in the West Indies.
+
+The _Crested Titmouse_ possesses a remarkable variety in the tones
+of its voice, at one time not louder than the squeaking of a mouse, and
+in a moment after whistling aloud and clearly, as if calling a dog, and
+continuing this dog-call through the woods for half an hour at a time.
+
+The _Red-breasted Blue Bird_ has a soft, agreeable, and often
+repeated warble, uttered with opening and quivering wings. In his
+courtship he uses the tenderest expressions, and caresses his mate by
+sitting close by her, and singing his most endearing warblings. If a
+rival appears, he attacks him with fury, and having driven him away,
+returns to pour out a song of triumph. In autumn his song changes to a
+simple plaintive note, which is heard in open weather all winter, though
+in severe weather the bird is never to be seen.--_Mag. Nat. Hist._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE JOHN DORY.
+
+
+In the 312th Number of the _Mirror_, several solutions are given of
+the name of a well-known and high-priced fish, the John Dory, or Jaune
+Dorée. Sir Joseph Banks's observation, that it should be spelled and
+acknowledged "adorée," because it is the most valuable (or worshipful)
+of fish, as requiring no sauce, is equally absurd and unwarranted; for
+so far from its being incapable of improvement from such adjuncts, its
+relish is materially augmented by any one of the three most usual side
+tureens. The dory attains its fullest growth in the Adriatic, and is a
+favourite dish in Venice, where, as in all the Italian ports of the
+Mediterranean, it is called Janitore, or the gate-keeper, by which title
+St. Peter is most commonly designated among the Catholics, as being the
+reputed keeper of the keys of heaven. In this respect, the name tallies
+with the superstitious legend of this being the fish out of whose mouth
+the apostle took the tribute money. The breast of the animal is very
+much flattened, as if it had been compressed; but, unfortunately for the
+credit of the monks, this feature is exhibited in equally strong
+lineaments by, at least, twenty other varieties of the finny tribe.
+
+Our sailors naturally substituted the appellation of John Dory for the
+Italian Janitore, and a very high price is sometimes given for this fish
+when in prime condition, as I can testify from experience; having two
+years since seen one at Ramsgate which was sold early in the day for
+eighteen shillings.
+
+JOHNNY RAW.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+_THE SELECTOR,_ AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Anecdotes correspond in literature with the sauces, the savoury dishes,
+and the sweetmeats of a splendid banquet;" and as our weekly sheet is a
+sort of _literary fricassee_, the following may not be unacceptable
+to the reader. They are penciled from a work quaintly enough entitled
+"The Living and the Dead, by a Country Curate;" and equally strange,
+the cognomen of the author is not a _ruse_--he being a curate
+at Liverpool, the son of Dr. Adam Neale, and a nephew of the late
+Mr. Archibald Constable, the eminent publisher, of Edinburgh. The
+information which this volume contains, may therefore be received with
+greater confidence than is usually attached to flying anecdotes; since
+Mr. Constable's frequent and familiar intercourse with the first
+literary characters of his time must have given him peculiar facilities
+of observation of their personal habits. The present volume of "The
+Living and the Dead" is what the publisher terms the Second Series; for,
+like Buck, the turncoat actor, booksellers always think that one good
+turn deserves another. Our first extracts relate to Chantrey's monument
+in Lichfield Cathedral, and another of rival celebrity.
+
+At the retired church of Ashbourne is "a remarkable monument", by Banks,
+to the memory of a very lovely and intelligent little girl, a baronet's
+only child. It bears an inscription which, to use the mildest term, as
+it contains not the slightest reference to Christian hopes, should have
+been refused admittance within a Christian church. To the sentiments
+it breathes, Paine himself, had he been alive, could have raised no
+objection. * * * * The figure, which is recumbent, is that of a little
+girl; the attitude exquisitely natural and graceful. It recalls most
+forcibly to the recollection Chantrey's far-famed monument in Lichfield
+Cathedral; for the resemblance, both in design and execution, between
+these beautiful specimens of art is close and striking.
+
+Previous to his executing that most magnificent yet most touching piece
+of sculpture, which alone would have sufficed to immortalize his name,
+Chantrey was, at his own request, locked up alone in the church for two
+hours. This fact may be apocryphal; but the following I do affirm most
+confidently. When I hinted to the venerable matron who shows the
+monument, and who, being a retainer of the Boothby family, feels their
+honour identified with her own, that Chantrey's was by far the finer
+effort of the two, and that I wished I had that yet to see; and my
+companion added, that though the design of the Boothby monument was
+good, the execution was coarse and clumsy in the extreme, compared with
+the elaborate finish of the Robinson's. "Humph," said the old lady, with
+a most vinegar expression of countenance, with a degree of angry
+hauteur, an air of insulted dignity that Yates would have travelled
+fifty miles to witness; "the like of that's what I now hear every day.
+Hang that fellow Chantee, or Cantee, or what you call him; I wish he
+had never been born!" The Ashbourne people are naturally proud of the
+monument. With them it is a kind of idol, to which every stranger is
+required to do homage. Among others, when Prince Leopold passed through
+Ashbourne, and inquiries were made by some of his royal highness's suite
+as to the "lions" of the neighbourhood--"We have one of our own, Sir,"
+was the ready reply; "a noble piece of sculpture in the church." To the
+church the royal mourner was on the very point of repairing, when Sir
+Robert Gardiner suddenly inquired the description to which the sculpture
+in question belonged. "It is a monument, Sir, no one passes through
+without seeing it; for its like is not to be met with in England--it is
+a monument to an only child, whose mother died--" "Not now," said the
+prince faintly; "not now. I too have lost--" and he turned away from
+the carriage in tears.
+
+
+MR. CANNING.
+
+It may be observed, too, by the way, that to Ashbourne the late Mr.
+Canning was remarkably partial. Near it lived a female relative to whom
+he was warmly attached, and under whose roof many of his happiest hours
+were spent. It is stated, that a little poem, entitled, "A Spring
+Morning in Dovedale," one of the earliest efforts of his muse, is still
+in existence; and I have good reasons for knowing, that but a very few
+weeks previous to his death, he stated, in conversation, what delight
+he should feel in "going into that neighbourhood, and revisiting haunts
+which to him had been scenes of almost unalloyed enjoyment." I could
+scarcely believe, so exquisitely tranquil is the scene, the very murmur
+of the stream which flows around seems to soften itself in unison with
+the stillness of the landscape--that Ashbourne had ever been other than
+the abode of rural peace and comfort; and yet I was assured that during
+the war there was scarcely any limit to the bustle and gaiety which
+pervaded it.
+
+
+MR. MOORE, THE POET.
+
+At Mayfield, near Ashbourne, is a cottage where Moore, it is stated,
+composed _Lalla Rookh_. "For some years this distinguished poet
+lived at the neighbouring village of Mayfield; and there was no end to
+the pleasantries and anecdotes that were floating about its coteries
+respecting him; no limit to the recollections which existed of the
+peculiarities of the poet, of the wit and drollery of the man. Go where
+you would, his literary relics were pointed out to you. One family
+possessed pens; and oh! Mr. Bramah! such pens! they would have borne a
+comparison with Miss Mitford's; and those who are acquainted with that
+lady's literary implements and accessaries will admit this is no
+common-place praise--pens that wrote "Paradise and the Peri" in _Lalia
+Rookh_! Another showed you a glove torn up into thin shreds in the
+most even and regular manner possible; each shred being in breadth
+about the eighth of an inch, and the work of the _teeth_! Pairs
+were demolished in this way during the progress of the _Life of
+Sheridan_. A third called your attention to a note written in a
+strain of the most playful banter, and announcing the next "tragi-comedy
+meeting." A fourth repeated a merry impromptu; and a fifth played a very
+pathetic air, composed and adapted for some beautiful lines of Mrs.
+Opie's. But to return to Mayfield. Our desire to go over the cottage
+which he had inhabited was irresistible. It is neat, but very small, and
+remarkable for nothing except combining a most sheltered situation with
+the most extensive prospect. Still one had pleasure in going over it,
+and peeping into the little book-room, ycleped the "Poet's Den," from
+which so much true poetry had issued to delight and amuse mankind. But
+our satisfaction was not without its portion of alloy. As we approached
+the cottage, a figure scarcely human appeared at one of the windows.
+Unaware that it was again inhabited, we hesitated about entering; when a
+livid, half-starved visage presented itself through the lattice, and a
+thin, shrill voice discordantly ejaculated,--"Come in, gentlemen, come
+in. _Don't be afeard!_ I'm only a tailor at work on the premises."
+This villanous salutation damped sadly the illusion of the scene;
+and it was some time before we rallied sufficiently from this horrible
+desecration to descend to the poet's walk in the shrubbery, where,
+pacing up and down the live-long morning, he composed his _Lalla
+Rookh_. It is a little confined gravel-walk, in length about twenty
+paces; so narrow, that there is barely room on it for two persons to
+walk abreast: bounded on one side by a straggling row of stinted
+laurels, on the other by some old decayed wooden paling; at the end of
+it was a huge haystack. Here, without prospect, space, fields, flowers,
+or natural beauties of any description, was that most imaginative poem
+conceived, planned, and executed. It was at Mayfield, too, that those
+bitter stanzas were written on the death of Sheridan. There is a curious
+circumstance connected with them; they were sent to Perry, the
+well-known editor of the _Morning Chronicle_. Perry, though no
+stickler in a general way, was staggered at the venom of two stanzas, to
+which I need not more particularly allude, and wrote to inquire whether
+he might be permitted to omit them. The reply which he received was
+shortly this: "You may insert the lines in the _Chronicle_ or not,
+as you please; I am perfectly indifferent about it; but if you _do_
+insert them, it must be _verbatim_." Mr. Moore's fame would not
+have suffered by their suppression; his heart would have been a gainer.
+Some of his happiest efforts are connected with the localities of
+Ashbourne. The beautiful lines beginning
+
+  "Those evening bells, those evening bells,"
+
+
+were suggested, it is said, by hearing the Ashboume peal; and sweetly
+indeed do they sound at that distance, "both mournfully and slow;" while
+those exquisitely touching stanzas,
+
+  "Weep not for those whom the veil of the tomb
+   In life's happy morning hath hid from our eyes,"
+
+
+were avowedly written on the sister of an Ashbourne gentleman, Mr. P----
+B----. But to his drolleries. He avowed on all occasions an utter horror
+of ugly women. He was heard, one evening, to observe to a lady, whose
+person was pre-eminently plain, but who, nevertheless, had been
+anxiously doing her little endeavours to attract his attention,
+"I cannot endure an ugly woman. I'm sure I could never live with one.
+A man that marries an ugly woman cannot be happy." The lady observed,
+that "such an observation she could not permit to pass without remark.
+She knew many plain couples who lived most happily."--"Don't talk of
+it," said the wit; "don't talk of it. It cannot be."--"But I tell you,"
+said the lady, who became all at once both piqued and positive, "it can
+be, and it is. I will name individuals so circumstanced. You have heard
+of Colonel and Mrs. ----. She speaks in a deep, gruff bass voice;
+he in a thin, shrill treble. She looks like a Jean Dorée; he like a
+dried alligator. They are called Bubble and Squeak by some of their
+neighbours; Venus and Adonis by others. But what of that? They are not
+handsome, to be sure; and there is neither mirror nor pier-glass to be
+found, search their house from one end of it to the other. But what of
+that? No _unhandsome reflections_ can, in such a case, be cast by either
+party! I know them well; and a more harmonious couple I never met with.
+Now, Mr. Moore, in reply, what have you to say? I flatter myself I have
+overthrown your theory completely." "Not a whit. Colonel--has got into a
+scrape, and, like a soldier, puts the best face he can upon it." Those
+still exist who were witnesses to his exultation when one morning he
+entered Mrs----'s drawing-room, with an open letter in his hand, and,
+in his peculiarly joyous and animated manner, exclaimed, "Don't be
+surprised if I play all sorts of antics! I am like a child with a new
+rattle! Here is a letter from my friend Lord Byron, telling me he has
+dedicated to me his poem of the 'Corsair.' Ah, Mrs.----, it is nothing
+new for a poor poet to dedicate his poem to a great lord; but it is
+something passing strange for a great lord to dedicate his book to
+a poor poet." Those who know him most intimately feel no sort of
+hesitation in declaring, that he has again and again been heard to
+express regret at the earlier efforts of his muse; or reluctance in
+stating, at the same time, as a fact, that Mr. M., on two different
+occasions, endeavoured to repurchase the copyright of certain poems;
+but, in each instance, the sum demanded was so exorbitant, as of itself
+to put an end to the negotiation. The attempt, however, does him honour.
+And, affectionate father as he is well known to be, when he looks at his
+beautiful little daughter, and those fears, and hopes, and cares, and
+anxieties, come over him which almost choke a parent's utterance as he
+gazes on a promising and idolized child, he will own the censures passed
+on those poems to be just: nay more--every year will find him more and
+more sensible of the paramount importance of the union of female purity
+with female loveliness--more alive to the imperative duty, on a
+father's part, to guard the maiden bosom from the slightest taint of
+licentiousness. It is a fact not generally suspected, though his last
+work, "The Epicurean," affords strong internal evidence of the truth of
+the observation, that few are more thoroughly conversant with Scripture
+than himself. Many of Alethe's most beautiful remarks are simple
+paraphrases of the sacred volume. He has been heard to quote from it
+with the happiest effect--to say there was no book like it--no book,
+regarding it as a mere human composition, which could on any subject
+even "approach it in poetry, beauty, pathos, and sublimity." Long may
+these sentiments abide in him! And as no man, to use his _own_ words,
+"ever had fiercer enemies or firmer friends"--as no man, to use those of
+others, was ever more bitter and sarcastic as a political enemy, more
+affectionate and devoted as a private friend, the more deeply his future
+writings are impregnated with the spirit of that volume, the more
+heartfelt, let him be well assured, will be his gratification in that
+hour when "we shall think of those we love, only to regret that we have
+not loved more dearly, when we shall remember our enemies only to
+forgive them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REGAL TABLET.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+The following Synopsis of English Sovereigns, and their contemporaries,
+will, it is hoped, be acceptable to the readers of history.
+
+JACOBUS.
+
+
+(_Normans_.)
+
+WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
+
+began his reign, 14th Oct. 1066, died 9th Sept. 1087.
+
+_Contemporaries_.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Alexander II.,   1061.
+Gregory VII.,    1073.
+Victor III.,     1086.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Constantine XII.,1059.
+Romanus IV.,     1068.
+Michael VII.,    1071.
+Nicephorus I.,   1078.
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Malcolm III.,    1059.
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM RUFUS
+
+began his reign 9th Sept. 1087, died 2nd Aug. 1100.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Victor III.,     1086.
+Urban II.,       1088.
+Pascal II.,      1099.
+
+_Emperor of the East._
+
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Henry IV., 1056.
+
+_France_.
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY I.
+
+began his reign 2nd August 1100, ended 1st Dec. 1135.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Pascal II.,      1099.
+Gelassus II.,    1118.
+Calistus II.,    1119.
+Honorius II.,    1124.
+Innocent II.,    1130.
+Celestin II.,    1134.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+John Cominus,    1118.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+Henry V.,        1106.
+Lotharius II.,   1125.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+Louis VI.,       1108.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+Edgar,           1108.
+David,           1134.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+STEPHEN
+
+began his reign 1st Dec. 1135, ended 25th Oct. 1154.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Celestin II.,    1134.
+Lucius II.,      1144.
+Eugenius III.,   1145.
+Anastasius IV.,  1153.
+Adrian V.,       1154.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+John Cominus,    1118.
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Lotharius II.,   1125.
+Conrad III.,     1138.
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis VI.,       1108.
+Louis VII.,      1137.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+David,           1134.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Saxon Line Restored._
+
+HENRY II.
+
+began his reign 25th Oct. 1154, ended 6th July, 1189.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Adrian IV.,      1154.
+Alexander II.,   1154.
+Lucius III.,     1181.
+Urban III.,      1185.
+Gregory VIII.,   1187.
+Clement III.,    1188.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.
+Alexis II.,      1180.
+Andronicus I.,   1183.
+Isaac II.,       1185.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+
+_France_.
+
+Louis VII.,      1137.
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+David,           1134.
+Malcolm IV.,     1163.
+William,         1165.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD I.
+
+began his reign 6th July, 1189, ended 6th April, 1199.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Clement III.,    1188.
+Celestin III.,   1191.
+Innocent III.,   1198.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Isaac II.,       1185.
+Alexis III.,     1195.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+Henry VI.,       1196.
+Philip I.,       1197.
+
+_France_.
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+William,         1165.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOHN
+
+began his reign 6th April, 1199, ended 19th Oct. 1216.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent III.,   1198.
+Honorius III.,   1215.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Alexis III.,     1195.
+Alexis IV.,      1203.
+Alexis V.,       1204.
+Theodoras I.,    1204.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Philip I.,       1197.
+Otho IV.,        1208.
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+
+_French Emperors of Constantinople._
+
+Baldwin I.,      1204.
+Henry I.,        1206.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+William,         1165.
+Alexander II.,   1214.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY III.
+
+began his reign 19th Oct. 1216, ended 16th Nov. 1272.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Honorius III.,   1215.
+Gregory IX.,     1227.
+Celestin IV.,    1241.
+Innocent IV.,    1243.
+Alexander IV.,   1254.
+Urban IV.,       1261.
+Clement IV.,     1265.
+Gregory X.,      1271.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Theodore I.,     1204.
+John III.,       1222.
+Theodore II.,    1225.
+John IV.,        1259.
+Michael VIII.,   1259.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+
+_French Emperors of Constantinople._
+
+Henry I.,        1206.
+Peter II.,       1217.
+Robert de Cour,  1221.
+Baldwin II.,     1237.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+Louis VIII.,     1223.
+Louis IX.,       1226.
+Philip III.,     1270.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Alexander II.,   1214.
+Alexander III.,  1249.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD I.
+
+began his reign 16th Nov. 1272, ended 7th July, 1307.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Gregory X.,      1270.
+Innocent V.,     1276.
+Adrian V.,       1276.
+John XXI.,       1276.
+Nicholas III.,   1277.
+Martin IV.,      1281.
+Honorius IV.,    1285.
+Nicholas IV.,    1288.
+Celestin V.,     1294.
+Boniface VIII.,  1294.
+Benedict X.,     1303.
+Clement V.,      1305.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Michael VIII.,   1259.
+Andronicus II.,  1283.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+Rodolphus I.,    1273.
+Adolphus,        1291.
+Albert I.,       1298.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip III.,     1270.
+Philip IV.,      1285.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Alexander III.,  1249.
+John Baliol,     1293.
+Robert Bruce,    1306.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+  SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TIMELY REPARTEE.
+
+A soldier of Marshal Saxe's army being discovered in a theft, was
+condemned to be hanged. What he had stolen might be worth about 5s.
+The marshal meeting him as he was being led to execution, said to him,
+"What a miserable fool you were to risk your life for 5s.!"--"General,"
+replied the soldier, "I have risked it every day for five-pence." This
+repartee saved his life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARSHAL VILLARS.
+
+It was customary, as the French general in command of the Italian army
+passed through Lyons to join his army, for that town to offer him a
+purse full of gold. Marshal Villars on being thus complimented by the
+head magistrate, the latter concluded his speech by observing, that
+Turenne, who was the last commander of the Italian army who had honoured
+the town with his presence, had taken the purse, but returned the money.
+"Ah!" replied Villars, pocketing both the purse and the gold, "I have
+always looked upon Turenne to be _inimitable_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONG STORIES.
+
+Capt. S------, of the ------ regiment, during the American war, was
+notorious for a propensity, not to story-telling, but to telling long
+stories, which he used to indulge in defiance of time and place, often
+to the great annoyance of his immediate companions; but he was so
+good-humoured withal, that they were loth to check him abruptly or
+harshly. An opportunity occurred of giving him a hint, which had the
+desired effect. He was a member of a courtmartial assembled for the
+trial of a private of the regiment. The man bore a very good character
+in general, the offence he had committed was slight, and the court was
+rather at a loss what punishment to award, for it was requisite to award
+some, as the man had been found guilty. While they were deliberating on
+this, Major ------, now General Sir ------, suddenly turning to the
+president, said, in his dry manner, "Suppose we sentence him to hear
+two of Captain S------'s long stories."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENUINE GAELIC PROCLAMATION.
+
+The crier sounds a flourish on that delightful sonorous instrument,
+the bagpipe, then loquitor, "Tak tent a' ye land louping hallions, the
+meickle deil tamn ye, tat are within the bounds. If any o' ye be foond
+fishing in ma Lort Preadalpine's gruns, he'll be first headit, and syne
+hangit, and syne droom't; an' if ta loon's bauld enough to come bock
+again, his horse and cart will be ta'en frae him; and if ta teils' sae
+grit wi' him tat he shows his ill faurd face ta three times, far waur
+things wull be dune till him. An noo tat ye a' ken ta wull o' ta lairt,
+I'll e'en gang hame and sup my brose."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO LOUISA.
+
+  L et me but hope
+  O lovely maid,
+  U ever will be mine,
+  I 'll bless my fate,
+  S upremely great,
+  A happy _Valentine_.
+
+N.R.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A DEAD SUBJECT.
+
+"_Dyed_ stockings are always rotten," said a Nottingham
+warehouseman.--"Yes," replied a by-stander, "and you'll be rotten when
+you're _dead_."
+
+GRIZZLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+What will some grave people say to this?--from a "Constant Reader."
+A little boy having swallowed a medal of Napoleon, ran in great
+tribulation to his mother, and told her "that he had swallowed
+_Boneparty_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PURCHASERS of the MIRROR, who may wish to complete their sets are
+informed, that every volume is complete in itself, and may be purchased
+separately. The whole of the numbers are now in print, and can be
+procured by giving an order to any Bookseller or Newsvender.
+
+Complete sets Vol I.. to XII. in boards, price £3. 5s. half bound, £4.
+2s. 6d.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+*** Any of the above Works can be purchased in Parts.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12477 ***
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+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
+
+<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 356.</title>
+
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+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12477 ***</div>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page97" name="page97"></a>[pg 97]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIII, NO. 356.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1829.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+Interior of the Colosseum.
+</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/356-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/356-1.png"
+alt="Interior of the Colosseum." /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+<i>References to the Engraving.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A. Column or Tower in the centre of the building, for supporting the
+Ascending Room, &amp;c.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+B. Entrance to the Ascending-Room.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+C. Saloon for the reception of works of art.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+D. Passage lending to the Saloon, Galleries, and Ascending-Room.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+E. F. Two separate Spiral Flights of Steps, leading to the Galleries, &amp;c.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+G. H. I. Galleries from which the Picture is to be viewed.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+K. Refreshment-Room.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+L. Rooms for Music or Bells.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+M. The Old Ball from St. Paul's Cathedral.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+N. Stairs leading to the outside of the Building. <i>a. b.</i>
+Sky-lights. <i>c.</i> Plaster Dome, on which the sky is painted,
+<i>d.</i> Canvass on which the part of the picture up to the horizon is
+painted. <i>e.</i> Gallery, suspended by ropes, used for painting the
+distance, and uniting the plaster and the canvas. <i>f.</i> Temporary
+Bridge from the Gallery G to the Gallery <i>e.</i> from the end of which
+the echo of the building might be heard to the greatest advantage.
+<i>g.</i> One of Fifteen Triangular Platforms, used for painting the
+sky. <i>h.</i> Platforms fixed on the ropes of the Gallery <i>e</i>,
+used for finishing and clouding the sky. <i>k.</i> Different methods
+for getting at the lower parts of the canvas. <i>l.</i> Baskets for
+conveying colours. &amp;c. to the artists, <i>m.</i> Cross or Shears, formed
+of two poles, from which a cradle or box is suspended, for finishing the
+picture after the removal of all the scaffolding and ropes.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Mr. Hornor, in his colossal undertaking, has "devised a mean" to draw us
+out of the way; and a successful one it has already proved. As a return
+for
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page98" name="page98"></a>[pg 98]</span>
+the interest which his enterprise has excited, we are, however,
+induced to present its details to our readers, as perfect as the limits
+of the MIRROR will allow; and for this purpose we have been favoured by
+Mr. Parris with the drawing for the annexed cut.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In No. 352, we gave a popular description of the interior of the
+Colosseum; but the reader's attention was therein directed to the
+splendid effect of the panorama or picture, whilst the means by which
+the painting was executed have been reserved for our present Number.
+This we have endeavoured to illustrate by the annexed engraving; and
+the explanation will be rendered still clearer by reference to No. 352,
+wherein we have given an outline of the difficulties with which the
+principal artist, Mr. Parris, had to contend in painting the panorama.
+We, however, omitted to state an obstacle equally formidable with the
+<i>reconciliation</i> of the styles of the several artists engaged to
+assist Mr. Parris. This additional source of perplexity was the great
+change, almost amounting to the vitrification of enamel colours, which
+occurred in the hues of the various pigments, according to the point of
+view, and the immense distance of the canvas from the spectator.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Besides furnishing the reader with the construction of the apartments,
+galleries, and ascents of the interior, the engraving presents some idea
+of the scaffoldings, bridges, platforms, and other mechanical
+contrivances requisite for the execution of the picture.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The spiral staircase, it will be seen, leads to the lower gallery for
+viewing the picture. Unconnected with the intermediate gallery, there is
+a communication from the lowest gallery to the highest, and thence to
+the refreshment-rooms and exterior of the dome. The ascent to the second
+price gallery is by a spiral staircase under those already mentioned.
+The column, or central erection, containing these staircases and
+the ascending-room, is of timber, with twelve principal uprights
+seventy-three feet high, one foot square, set upon a circular curb of
+brickwork, hooped with iron, and further secured by bracing, and by
+two other circular curbs, from the upper one of which rises a cone of
+timbers thirty-four feet high, supporting the refreshment-rooms, the
+identical ball, and model of the cross, of St. Paul's, Mr. Hornor's
+sketching cabin, staircase to the exterior, &amp;c. Without the circle of
+timbers already described, is another of twenty-four upright timbers;
+and between these two circles the staircases wind. The architectural
+fronts of the galleries form frame-works, through which the spectator
+may enjoy various parts of the panorama, as in so many distinct
+pictures.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The cut and appended references will explain the devices for painting
+better than a more extended description; for mere words do not
+facilitate the understanding of inventions which in themselves are
+beautiful and simple. To heighten the effect, our artist has, however,
+introduced light sketchy outlines of the campanile towers of St. Paul's,
+the city, and the distant country. Mr. Parris's task must have been one
+of extreme peril, and notwithstanding his ingenious contrivances of
+galleries, bridges, platforms, &amp;c. he fell twice from a considerable
+height; but in neither case was he seriously hurt. His progress reminds
+us of other grand flights to fame, but his success has been triumphant,
+and alike honourable to his genius and enterprise. In short, looking
+at the present advanced state of the Colosseum, Mr. Hornor and his
+indefatigable coadjutors may almost exclaim in the words of Dryden,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+  <p>  "Our toils, my friend, are crown'd with sure success:</p>
+  <p>  The greater part perform'd, achieve the less."</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+</div></div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	DORCHESTER.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<p>
+St. Peter's church, Dorchester, is a handsome structure. There is a
+traditional rhyme about it which imports the founder of this church
+to have been Geoffery Van.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Geoffery Van</p>
+           <p>   With his wife Anne</p>
+           <p>   And his maid Nan</p>
+           <p>   Built this church."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+But there was long since dug up in a garden here a large seal, with
+indisputable marks of antiquity, and this inscription:&mdash;"Sigillum
+Galfridi de Ann." It is therefore supposed, with some reason, that
+the founder's name was Ann.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A great number and variety of Roman coins have been dug up in this town,
+some of silver, others of copper, called by the common people, King
+Dorn's Pence; for they have a notion that one king Dorn was the founder
+of Dorchester.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+HALBERT H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	FIRE AT YORK CATHEDRAL.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Ut Rosa flos florum</p>
+           <p>  Sic est domus ista domorum.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+Such was the encomium bestowed on the venerable pile of York Minster by
+an
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page99" name="page99"></a>[pg 99]</span>
+   old monkish writer; but, alas! what a change is there in the space
+of a few short hours; what a scene of desolation, what a lesson of the
+instability of sublunary things and the vanity of human grandeur! The
+glory of the city of York, of England, yea, almost of Europe, is now,
+through the fanaticism of a modern Erostratus, rendered comparatively
+a pile of ruin; but still
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Looks great in ruin, noble in decay."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This is the third time that this magnificent structure has been assailed
+by fire; twice it has been totally destroyed; but, like another phoenix,
+it has again risen from its ashes in a greater degree of splendour. A
+period of nearly seven hundred years has now elapsed since the last of
+these occurrences; and the present fabric has but now narrowly escaped
+sharing the fate of its predecessors.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The damage which the Minster has sustained is not, perhaps, of
+so great a magnitude as, from the first appearance of the fire, might
+have been anticipated. The destruction is principally confined to the
+<i>choir</i>, the roof of which is entirely consumed. The beautiful and
+elaborately carved <i>screen</i>,<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> which divides the choir from the
+nave, and forms a support for the organ-loft, has escaped in a most
+wonderful manner, a few of the more projecting ornaments being merely
+detached. The organ, an instrument scarcely equalled in tone by any
+other in Europe, is totally destroyed. The oaken stalls,<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> together
+with their richly carved canopies, have likewise perished. The altar
+table, which stood at the eastern end of the choir, on a raised
+pavement, ascended by a flight of fifteen steps, is likewise consumed,
+and the communion plate melted. The beautiful stone screen, which
+separated the Lady's Chapel from the altar, has not suffered so
+materially as was at first imagined. This elegant specimen of ancient
+sculpture is divided into eight pointed arches, and elaborately
+ornamented with tracery work: the lights were filled with plate glass,
+through which a fine view of the great eastern window was obtained;
+some pieces of which still remain uninjured.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Such are the principal parts of the cathedral which have suffered. The
+books, cushions, and other movable effects, from the northern side of
+the choir, were fortunately rescued, together with the brazen eagle,
+from which the prayers were read. The wills, and other valuable
+documents, were also preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The choir, the destruction of which we have just related, was built by
+John de Thoresby, a prelate, raised to the archiepiscopal chair in 1532.
+On this building he expended the then enormous sum of one thousand eight
+hundred and ten pounds out of his own private purse. The first stone
+was laid on the 29th of July, 1361; but the founder died before its
+completion, as is evident from the arms of several of his successors in
+various parts of the building, particularly those of Scrope and Bowet,
+the latter of whom was not created archbishop until the year 1405. It
+was constructed in a more florid style of architecture than the rest of
+the fabric. The roof, higher by some feet than that of the nave, was
+more richly ornamented, an elegant kind of festoon work descending from
+the capitals of the pillars, which separated the middle from the side
+aisles; from these columns sprung the vaulted roof, the ribs of which
+crossed each other in angular compartments. The magnificent window, the
+admiration of all beholders, occupies nearly the whole space of the
+eastern end of the choir; it is divided by two large mullions into
+three principal divisions, which are again subdivided into three lights;
+the upper part from the springing of the arches are also separated
+into various compartments. It contains nearly two hundred subjects,
+principally scriptural. The painting of this window was executed about
+the year 1405, at the expense of the dean and chapter, by John Thornton,
+a glazier, of Coventry, who, by his contract, was engaged to finish it
+within three years, and to receive four shillings per week for his
+work; he was also to have one hundred shillings besides; and also ten
+pounds more if he did his work well.<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> On the exterior of the choir,
+immediately over the window, is the effigy of John de Thoresby, mitred
+and robed, and sitting in his archiepiscopal chair, his right hand
+pointing to the window, and in his left holding the model of a church.
+At the base of the window are the heads of Christ and the Apostles,
+with that of some sovereign, supposed to be Edward III.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We will now bring this article to a
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page100" name="page100"></a>[pg 100]</span>
+                                    close, by quoting the words of Æneas
+Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II., in praise of York Cathedral. He says,
+"It is famous all over the world for its magnificence and workmanship,
+but especially for a fine lightsome chapel, with shining walls, and
+small, thin-waisted pillars, quite round."<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4>
+S.I.B.
+</h4>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE VINE.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HERDER.
+</center>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+On the day of their creation, the trees boasted one to another, of their
+excellence. "Me, the Lord planted!" said the lofty cedar;&mdash;"strength,
+fragrance, and longevity, he bestowed on me."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Jehovah fashioned me to be a blessing," said the shadowy palm;
+"utility and beauty he united in my form." The apple-tree, said, "Like
+a bridegroom among youths, I glow in my beauty amidst the trees of the
+grove!" The myrtle, said, "Like the rose among briars, so am I amidst
+the other shrubs." Thus all boasted;&mdash;the olive and the fig-tree&mdash;and
+even the fir.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The vine, alone, drooped silent to the ground! "To me," thought he,
+"every thing seems to have been refused;&mdash;I have neither stem&mdash;nor
+branches&mdash;nor flowers,&mdash;but such as <i>I am</i>, I will hope and wait."
+The vine bent down its shoots, and wept!
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Not long had the vine to wait; for, behold, the divinity of earth, man,
+drew nigh; he saw the feeble, helpless, plant trailing its honours along
+the soil:&mdash;in pity, he lifted up the recumbent shoots, and twined the
+feeble plant around his own bower.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Now the winds played with its leaves and tendrils; and the warmth of the
+sun began to empurple its hard green grapes, and to prepare within them
+a sweet and delicious juice.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Decked with its rich clusters, the vine leaned towards its master, who
+tasted its refreshing fruit and juicy beverage; and he named the vine,
+his friend and favourite.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Despair not, ye forsaken; bear&mdash;be patient,&mdash;and strive.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+From the insignificant reed flows the sweetest of juices;&mdash;from the
+bending vine springs the most delightful drink of the earth.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE SKETCH-BOOK.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+THE BATTLE OF NAVARINO.&mdash;BY AN OFFICER ENGAGED.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+(<i>Abridged from No. 2, of the United Service Journal.</i>)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+We had been cruizing off the coast of the Morea, for the protection of
+trading vessels, and to watch the motions of the numerous Greek pirates
+infesting the narrow seas and adjacent islands. For fourteen months we
+had been thus actively employed, when the arrival of the Albion and
+Genoa, from Lisbon, hinted to us, that some coercive measures were
+about to be used against the Turks, to cause them to discontinue the
+exterminating war they carried on against the Greeks, and to evacuate
+the country pursuant to the terms of the treaty of July, 1827. The
+prospect of a collision with the Turkish fleet appeared to be very
+agreeable to the ship's crew, as they had got a little tired of their
+long confinement on board, and anxiously looked for a speedy return to
+Malta to get ashore, which they had not been able to do for upwards of a
+year. We again proceeded on our protecting duty, and parted company with
+the admiral in the Asia. In about six weeks we returned, and found that
+many other British vessels had joined the Asia, whilst the squadrons of
+France and Russia added to the number of the fleet, which altogether
+presented an imposing attitude.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Turkish and Egyptian fleets had arrived from the unsuccessful
+attempt in the Gulf of Patras some time before, and lay off the Bay of
+Navarino, before they finally entered and took up a position within
+the harbour. While the Ottoman fleet lay off the bay, the Turkish
+troops were said to have committed many unjustifiable outrages on the
+defenceless inhabitants of the country adjacent to Navarino; information
+of these oppressive acts was conveyed to the British admiral, and, it
+is believed, formed the grounds of a strong remonstrance on his part,
+addressed to the Turkish commanders, which hastened the collision
+between the two armaments. These facts were generally known throughout
+the fleet, and a "<i>row</i>" was eagerly expected.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+About the beginning of October we had returned from our cruize; the men,
+ever since we had been in commission, had been daily exercised at the
+guns, and, by firing at marks, they had much improved in their practice.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Before entering the bay, the Ottoman fleet lay at the distance of ten or
+twelve miles from the Allies. They appeared numerous, with many small
+craft. Most
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page101" name="page101"></a>[pg 101]</span>
+            of them bore the crimson flag flying at their peak, and on
+coming closer, a crescent and sword were visible on the flags. Their
+ships looked well, and in tolerable order: the Egyptians were evidently
+superior to the Turks.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Little communication took place between the Allied and Turkish fleets.
+The Dartmouth had gone into the bay twice, bearing the terms proposed by
+the allied commanders to Ibrahim Pacha. No satisfactory answer had been
+returned by the Ottoman admiral, whose conduct appeared evasive and
+trifling, implying a contempt for our prowess, and daring us to do our
+worst.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Dartmouth having proceeded for the last time into the bay, with the
+final requisitions, and having brought back no satisfactory reply, on
+Saturday, the 20th of October, 1827, about noon, Admiral Codrington,
+favoured by a gentle sea-breeze, bore up under all sail for the mouth
+of the Bay of Navarino. A buzz ran instantly through the ship at the
+welcome intelligence of the admiral's bearing up; and I could easily
+perceive the hilarity and exultation of the seamen, and their impatience
+for the contest.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Our ship's crew was chiefly composed of young men, who had never seen a
+shot fired; yet, to judge from their manner, one would have thought them
+familiar with the business of fighting. The decks were then cleared for
+action, and the ship was quite ready, as we neared the mouth of the bay.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Asia led the fleet, and was the first to enter the bay, followed by
+the ships in two columns. This was about one o'clock, or rather later.
+Abreast of Sir Edward Codrington was the French admiral, distinguished
+by the large white flag at the mizen. Then came the Genoa and Albion,
+followed by the Dartmouth, Talbot, and brigs, along with the French and
+Russian squadrons, in more distant succession. Every sail was set, so
+that the vast crowd of canvass, that looked more bleached and glittering
+in the rays of the sun, and contrasted with the deep blue unclouded sky,
+presented a magnificent and spirit-stirring spectacle. The breeze was
+just powerful enough to carry the allied fleet forward at a gentle rate,
+and as the wind freshened a little at times, it had the effect of
+causing the ships to heel to one side in a graceful, undulating
+manner,&mdash;the various flags and pendants of the united nations puffing
+out occasionally from the mast-heads. The sea was smooth, the weather
+rather warm, and the air quite clear. As we neared the entrance of the
+bay, the land presented all around a rugged, steep appearance towards
+the sea. In the distance, the mountains were visible, of a light blue,
+with whitish clouds apparently resting on their summits. The town and
+castle of Navarino presented a bright, picturesque look, and some spots
+of cultivation were to be seen. In the interior there rose in the air
+what looked like the smoke of some conflagration, and such we all
+believed was the case, as the Turkish soldiery had been employed in
+ravaging the country, and carrying away the inhabitants. An encampment
+of tents lay near, close to the castle, and large bodies of soldiers
+were easily discernible crowding on the batteries as we approached. We
+were about five hundred yards distant from the castle. The breadth of
+the entrance was about a mile.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When the Asia had arrived abreast of this castle, a boat rowed from the
+shore, and came alongside of the Asia with a request from Ibraham Pacha,
+that the allied fleets would not enter the bay; and just about that
+time, an unshotted gun was fired from the castle, which we interpreted
+as a signal for the Ottoman fleet to prepare for action. Close to the
+mouth of the bay, the cluster of vessels was considerable, all bearing
+up under a press of sail, and in perfect order. Our ship was close on
+the Asia's quarter. No opposition was made to our progress by the
+batteries of Navarino, which was a matter of surprise to all, as the men
+were ready at their quarters in momentary expectation of being attacked.
+To the spectators on the battlements our fleet must have presented a
+beautiful, though a formidable, appearance.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As soon as we had cleared the mouth of the bay, the Turko-Egyptian
+fleet was seen ranged round from right to left, in the form of an
+extensive crescent, in two lines, each ship with springs on her cables.
+Thus the combined fleets were in the centre of the lion's den, and
+the lists might be said to have been closed. The Asia, on passing the
+mouth of Navarino, sailed onwards to where the Turkish and Egyptian
+line-of-battle ships lay at anchor about three-quarters of a mile
+farther up the bay, and anchored close abreast one of their largest
+ships, bearing the flag of the Capitan Bey. The Genoa took her station
+near the Asia, whilst the Albion followed; but the Turks being so
+closely wedged together, she could not find space to pass between them
+to her appointed berth. The ship of the Egyptian Admiral lay as close to
+the Asia as that of the Capitan Bey: a large double-banked frigate was
+also near: all these three ships being moored in front of the crescent
+close upon the Asia and the
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page102" name="page102"></a>[pg 102]</span>
+                            Genoa. The wind by this time had almost
+died away, consequently the Albion had to anchor close alongside the
+double-banked frigate. This failing of the wind retarded considerably
+the progress of the ships, which had not yet entered the bay,
+particularly the Russian ships, and several of ours, which came later
+into action, and had to encounter the firing of the artillery of the
+castle.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Egyptian fleet lay to the south-east; and, as it was well known that
+several French officers were serving on board, the French Admiral was
+appointed to place his squadron abreast of them. It appears, however,
+that, with one exception, all these Frenchmen quitted the Egyptian
+fleet, and went on board an Austrian transport which lay off the coast.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The post assigned to the Cambrian, Talbot, and Glasgow, along with the
+French frigate Armide, was alongside of the Turkish frigates at the
+left of the crescent on entering into the bay; whilst the Dartmouth,
+Musquito, the Rose, and Philomel, were ordered to keep a sharp look-out
+on the several fireships lurking suspiciously at the extremities of the
+crescent, and apparently ripe for mischief.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was strictly enjoined in the orders, that no gun was to be fired,
+without a signal to that effect made by the Admiral, unless it should be
+in return for shots fired at us by the Turkish fleet. Each ship was to
+anchor with springs on her cables, if time allowed; and the orders
+concluded with the memorable words of Nelson,&mdash;"No captain can do
+very wrong who places his ship alongside of any enemy."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was about two o'clock when we arrived at our station on the left of
+the bay, and anchored. The men were immediately sent aloft to furl the
+sails, which operation lasted a few minutes. Whilst so employed, the
+Dartmouth, distant about half a mile from our ship, had sent a boat,
+commanded by Lieut. Fitzroy, to request the fireship to remove from her
+station; a fire of musketry ensued from the fireship into the boat,
+killing the officer and several men. This brought on a return of
+small-arms from the Dartmouth and Syrene. Capt. Davis, of the Rose,
+having witnessed the firing of the Turkish vessel, went in one of his
+boats to assist that of the Dartmouth; and the crew of these two boats
+were in the act of climbing up the sides of the fireship, when she
+instantly exploded with a tremendous concussion, blowing the men into
+the water, and killing and disabling several in the boats close
+alongside. Just about this time, and before the men had descended from
+the yards, an Egyptian double-banked frigate poured a broadside into our
+ship. The captain gave instant orders to fire away; and the broadside
+was returned with terrible effect, every shot striking the hull of the
+Egyptian frigate. The men were now hastily descending the shrouds, while
+the captain sung out, "Now, my lads! down to the main-deck, and fire
+away as fast as you can." The seamen cheered loudly as they fired the
+first broadside, and continued to do so at intervals during the action.
+The battle had actually commenced to windward before the Asia and the
+Ottoman admiral had exchanged a single shot; and the action in that part
+of the bay was brought on in nearly a similar manner as in ours, by the
+Turks firing into the boat dispatched by Sir E. Codrington to explain
+the mediatorial views of the Allies. The Greek pilot had been killed;
+and ere the Asia's boat had reached the ship, the firing was unremitting
+between the Asia, Genoa, and Albion, and the Turkish ships. About
+half-past two o'clock, the battle had become general throughout the
+whole lines, and the cannonade was one uninterrupted crash, louder than
+any thunder. Previous to the Egyptian frigate firing into us, the men,
+not engaged in furling the sails, had stripped themselves to their
+duck-frocks, and were binding their black-silk neckcloths round
+their heads and waists, and some upon their left knees.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Egyptian frigate, which had fired into our ship was distant about
+half a cable's length. Near her was another of the same large class,
+together with a Turkish frigate and a corvette. These four ships poured
+their broadsides into us without intermission for nearly a quarter of an
+hour; but after a few rounds their firing became irregular and hasty,
+and many of their shots injured our rigging. At the first broadside we
+received, two men near me were instantly struck dead on the deck. There
+was no appearance of any wounds upon them, but they never stirred a
+limb; and their bodies, after lying a little beside the gun at which
+they had been working, were dragged amid-ships. Several of the men were
+now severely wounded.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We were near enough to distinguish the Turkish and Egyptian sailors in
+the enemy's ships. They seemed to be a motley group. Most of them wore
+turbans of white, with a red cap below, small brown jackets, and very
+wide trousers; their legs were bare. They were active, brawny fellows,
+of a dark-brown complexion, and they crowded the Turkish ships, which
+accounts for the very great slaughter we occasioned among them. Many
+dead bodies were
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page103" name="page103"></a>[pg 103]</span>
+                 tumbled through their port-holes into the sea.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Capt. Hugon, commanding the French frigate L'Armide, about three
+o'clock, seeing the unequal, but unflinching combat we were maintaining,
+wormed his ship coolly and deliberately through the Turkish inner line,
+in such a gallant, masterly style, as never for one moment to obstruct
+the fire of our ship upon our opponents. He then anchored on our
+starboard-quarter, and fired a broadside into one of the Turkish
+frigates, thus relieving us of one of our foes, which, in about ten
+minutes, struck to the gallant Frenchman; who, on taking possession, in
+the most handsome manner, hoisted our flag along with his own, to show
+he had but completed the work we had begun. The skill, gallantry, and
+courtesy of the French captain, were the subject of much talk amongst
+us, and we were loud in his praise. We had still two of the frigates
+and the corvette to contend with, whilst the Armide was engaged, when
+a Russian line-of-battle-ship came up, and attracted the attention of
+another Egyptian frigate, and thus drew off her fire from us. Our men
+had now a breathing time, and they poured broadside upon broadside into
+the Egyptian frigate, which had been our first assailant. The rapidity
+and intensity of our concentrated fire soon told upon the vessel. Her
+guns were irregularly served, and many shots struck our rigging. Our
+round-shot, which were pointed to sink her, passed through her sides,
+and frequently tore up her decks in rebounding. In a short time she was
+compelled to haul down her colours, and ceased firing. We learned
+afterwards, that her decks were covered with nearly one hundred and
+fifty dead and wounded men, and the deck itself ripped up from the
+effects of our balls. In the interim, the corvette, which had annoyed us
+exceedingly during the action, came in for her share of our notice, and
+we managed to repay her in some style for the favours she had bestowed
+on us in the heat of the business. Orders were then issued for the men
+to cease firing for a few minutes, until the Rose had passed between our
+ship and the corvette, and had stationed herself in such a position as
+to annoy the latter in conjunction with us. Our firing was then renewed
+with redoubled fury, The men, during the pause, had leisure to quench
+their thirst from the tank which stood on the deck, and they appeared
+greatly refreshed&mdash;I may say, almost exhilarated, and to their work
+they merrily went again.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The double-banked Egyptian frigate, which had struck her colours to us,
+to our astonishment began, after having been silenced for some time, to
+open a smart fire on our ships, though she had no colours flying. The
+men were exceedingly exasperated at such treacherous conduct, and they
+poured into her two severe broadsides, which effectually silenced her,
+and at the moment we saw that a blue ensign was run up her mast, on
+which we ceased cannonading her, and she never fired another gun during
+the remainder of the action. It was a Greek pilot, pressed on board the
+Egyptian, who ran up the English ensign, to prevent our ship from firing
+again. He declared that our shot came into the frigate as thick and
+rapidly as a hail-storm, and so terrified the crew, that they all ran
+below. From the combined effects of our firing, and that of the Russian
+ship, the other Egyptian frigate hauled down her colours. The corvette,
+which was roughly handled by the Rose, was driven on shore, and there
+destroyed.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Before this, however, a Turkish fireship approached us, having seemingly
+no one on board. We fired into her, and in a few minutes she loudly
+exploded astern, without doing us any damage. The concussion was
+tremendous, shaking the ship through every beam. Another fireship came
+close to the Philomel which soon sunk her, and in the very act of going
+down she exploded.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A large ship near the Asia was now seen to be on fire; the blaze flamed
+up as high as the topmast, and soon became one vast sheet of fire; in
+that state she continued for a short time. The crew could be easily
+discerned gliding about across the light; and, after a horrible
+suspense, she blew up, with an explosion far louder and more stunning
+than the ships which had done so in our vicinity. The smoke and lurid
+flame ascended to a vast height in the air; beams, masts, and pieces of
+the hull, along with human figures in various distorted postures, were
+clearly distinguishable in the air.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was now almost dark, and the action had ceased to be general
+throughout the lines; but blaze rose upon blaze, and explosion thundered
+upon explosion, in various parts of the bay. A pretty sharp cannonading
+had been kept up between the guns of the castle and the ships entering
+the bay, and that firing still continued. The smaller Turkish vessels,
+forming the second line, were now nearly silenced, and several exhibited
+signs of being on fire, from the thick light-coloured smoke that rose
+from their decks.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The action had nearly terminated by six o'clock, after a duration of
+four hours. Daylight had disappeared unperceived, owing to the dense
+smoke of the
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page104" name="page104"></a>[pg 104]</span>
+             cannonading, which, from the cessation of the firing,
+now began to clear away, and showed us a clouded sky. The bay was
+illuminated in various quarters by the numerous burning ships, which
+rendered the sight one of the most sublime and magnificent that could
+be imagined.
+</p>
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+	MEMORABLE DAYS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+VALENTINE'S DAY.
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Seynte <i>Valentine</i>. Of custome, yeere by yeere,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Men have an usaunce, in this regioun,</p>
+           <p>  To loke and serche Cupide's kalendere,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And chose theyr choyse, by grete affeccioun;</p>
+<p class="i2">    Such as ben <i>move</i> with Cupide's mocioun,</p>
+           <p>  Taking theyr choyse as theyr sorte doth falle;</p>
+           <p>  But I love oon whyche excellith alle.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h4>
+LYDGATE'S <i>Poem of Queen Catherine, consort to Henry V.</i>, 1440.
+</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+In some villages in Kent there is a singular custom observed on St.
+Valentine's day. The young maidens, from five or six to eighteen years
+of age, assemble in a crowd, and burn an uncouth effigy, which they
+denominate a "<i>holly boy</i>," and which they obtain from the boys;
+while in another part of the village the boys burn an equally ridiculous
+effigy, which they call an "ivy girl," and which they steal from the
+girls. The oldest inhabitants can give you no reason or account of this
+curious practice, though it is always a sport at this season.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Numerous are the sports and superstitions concerning the day in
+different parts of England. In some parts of Dorsetshire the young folks
+purchase wax candles, and let them remain lighted all night in the
+bedroom. I learned this from some old Dorsetshire friends of mine, who,
+however, could throw no further <i>light</i> upon the subject. In the
+same county, I was also informed it was in many places customary for the
+maids to hang up in the kitchen a bunch of such flowers as were then in
+season, neatly suspended by a true lover's knot of blue riband. These
+innocent doings are prevalent in other parts of England, and elsewhere.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Misson, a learned traveller, relates an amusing practice which was kept
+up in his time:&mdash;"On the eve of St. Valentine's day, the young folks in
+England and Scotland, by a very ancient custom, celebrated a little
+festival. An equal number of maids and bachelors assemble together; all
+write their true or some feigned name separately upon as many billets,
+which they rolled up, and drew by way of lots, the maids taking the
+men's billets, and the men the maids'; so that each of the young men
+lights upon a girl that he calls his Valentine, and each of the girls
+upon a young man which she calls her's. By this means each has two
+Valentines; but the man sticks faster to the Valentine that falls to
+him, than to the Valentine to whom he has fallen. Fortune having thus
+divided the company into so many couples, the Valentines give balls and
+treats to their fair mistresses, wear their billets several days upon
+their bosoms or sleeves, and this little sport often ends in love."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In Poor Robin's Almanack, 1676, the <i>drawing</i> of Valentines is thus
+alluded to:
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Now Andrew, Antho-</p>
+<p class="i2">    Ny, and William,</p>
+           <p>  For Valentines <i>draw</i></p>
+<p class="i2">    Prue, Kate, Jilian."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Gay makes mention of a method of choosing Valentines in his time, viz.
+that the lad's Valentine was the first lass he spied in the morning, who
+was not an inmate of the house; and the lass's Valentine was the first
+young man she met.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Also, it is a belief among certain playful damsels, that if they pin
+four bay leaves to the corners of the pillow, and the fifth in the
+middle, they are certain of dreaming of their lover.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Shakspeare bears witness to the custom of looking out of window for a
+Valentine, or desiring to be one, by making Ophelia sing:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Good morrow! 'tis St. Valentine's day,</p>
+<p class="i2">    All in the morning betime,</p>
+           <p>  And I a maid at your window.</p>
+<p class="i2">    To be your Valentine!</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+In London this day is ushered in by the thundering knock of the postman
+at the different doors, through whose hands some thousands of Valentines
+pass for many a fair maiden in the course of the day. Valentines are,
+however, getting very ridiculous, if we may go by the numerous doggrels
+that appear in the print-shops on this day. As an instance, I transmit
+the reader a copy of some lines appended to a Valentine sent me last
+year. Under the figure of a shoemaker, with a head thrice the size of
+his body, and his legs forming an oval, were the following rhymes:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Do you think to be my Valentine?</p>
+           <p>  Oh, no! you snob, you shan't be mine:</p>
+           <p>  So big your ugly head has grown,</p>
+           <p>  No wig will fit to seem your own</p>
+           <p>  Go, find your equal if you can,</p>
+           <p>  For I will ne'er have such a man;</p>
+           <p>  Your fine <i>bow</i> legs and turned-in feet,</p>
+           <p>  Make you a <i>citizen</i> complete."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The <i>fair</i> writer had here evidently ventured upon a pun; how far
+it has succeeded I will leave others to say. The lovely creature was,
+however, entirely ignorant of my calling; and whatever impression such
+a description would leave on the reader's mind, it made none on mine,
+though in the second verse I was certainly much pleased with the fair
+punster. I wish you saw the engraving!
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+W.H.H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page105" name="page105"></a>[pg 105]</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/356-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/356-2.png"
+alt="Kirkstall Abbey." /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The first page or frontispiece embellisment of the present Number of the
+MIRROR illustrates one of the most recent triumphs of art; and the above
+vignette is a fragment of the monastic splendour of the twelfth century.
+Truly this is the <i>bathos</i> of art. The plaster and paint of the
+<i>Colosseum</i> are scarcely dry, and half the work is in embryo;
+whilst <i>Kirkstall</i> is crumbling to dust, and reading us "sermons in
+stones:" we may well say,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Look here, upon this picture, and on this."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Kirkstall Abbey is situated a short distance from Leeds, in the West
+Riding of Yorkshire. Its situation is one of the most picturesque that
+the children of romance can wish for, being in a beautiful vale, watered
+by the river Aire. It was of the Cistercian order, founded by Henry de
+Lacy in 1157, and valued at the dissolution at 329l. 2s. 11d. Its rents
+are now worth 10,253l. 6s. 8d. The gateway has been walled up, and
+converted into a farm-house. The abbot's palace was on the south; the
+roof of the aisle is entirely gone; places for six altars, three on each
+side the high altar, appear by distinct chapels, but to what saints
+dedicated is not easy, at this time, to discover. The length of the
+church, from east to west, was 224 feet; the transept, from north to
+south, 118 feet. The tower, built in the time of Henry VIII., remained
+entire till January 27, 1779, when three sides of it were blown down,
+and only the fourth remains. Part of an arched chamber, leading to the
+cemetery, and part of the dormitory, still remain. On the ceiling of a
+room in the gatehouse is inscribed,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Mille et Quingentos postquam compleverit Orbis</p>
+           <p>  Tuq: et ter demos per sua signi Deus</p>
+           <p>  Prima sauluteferi post cunabula Christi,</p>
+           <p>  Cui datur omnium Honor, Gloria, Laus, et Amor.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The principal window is particularly admired as a rich specimen of
+Gothic beauty, and a tourist, in 1818, says, "bids defiance to time
+and tempest;" but in our engraving, which is of very recent date, the
+details of the window will be sought for in vain. "Shrubs and trees,"
+observes the same writer, "have found a footing in the crevices, and
+branches from the walls shook in undulating monotony, and with a gloomy
+and spiritual murmur, that spoke to the ear of time and events gone by,
+and lost in oblivion and dilapidation. At the end, immediately beneath
+the colossal window, grows an alder of considerable luxuriance, which,
+added to the situation of every other object, brought Mr. Southey's
+pathetic ballad of 'Mary the Maid of the Inn,' so forcibly before my
+imagination,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> that I involuntarily turned my eye to search for the
+grave, where the murderers concealed their victim." He likewise tells
+us of "the former garden of the
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page106" name="page106"></a>[pg 106]</span>
+                                monastery, still cultivated, and
+exhibiting a fruitful appearance;" cells and cavities covered with
+underwood; and his ascent to a gallery by a winding turret stair,
+whence, says he, "the monks of Kirkstall feasted their eyes with all
+that was charming in nature. It is said," adds he, "that a subterraneous
+passage existed from hence to Eshelt Hall, a distance of some miles,
+and that the entrance is yet traced."
+</p>
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE NATURALIST.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+AMERICAN SONG BIRDS.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The <i>Mocking-bird</i> seems to be the prince of all song birds, being
+altogether unrivalled in the extent and variety of his vocal powers;
+and, besides the fulness and melody of his original notes, he has the
+faculty of imitating the notes of all other birds, from the humming-bird
+to the eagle. Pennant tells us that he heard a caged one, in England,
+imitate the mewing of a cat and the creaking of a sign in high winds.
+The Hon. Daines Barrington says, his pipe comes nearest to the
+nightingale, of any bird he ever heard. The description, however, given
+by Wilson, in his own inimitable manner, as far excels Pennant and
+Barrington as the bird excels his fellow-songsters. Wilson tells that
+the ease, elegance and rapidity of his movements, the animation of his
+eye, and the intelligence he displays in listening and laying up
+lessons, mark the peculiarity of his genius. His voice is full, strong,
+and musical, and capable of almost every modulation, from the clear
+mellow tones of the wood thrush to the savage scream of the bald eagle.
+In measure and accents he faithfully follows his originals, while in
+force and sweetness of expression he greatly improves upon them.
+In his native woods, upon a dewy morning, his song rises above every
+competitor, for the others seem merely as inferior accompaniments. His
+own notes are bold and full, and varied seemingly beyond all limits.
+They consist of short expressions of two, three, or at most five or six,
+syllables, generally expressed with great emphasis and rapidity, and
+continued with undiminished ardour, for half an hour or an hour at a
+time. While singing, he expands his wings and his tail, glistening with
+white, keeping time to his own music, and the buoyant gaiety of his
+action is no less fascinating than his song. He sweeps round with
+enthusiastic ecstasy, he mounts and descends as his song swells or dies
+away; he bounds aloft, as Bartram says, with the celerity of an arrow,
+as if to recover or recall his very soul, expired in the last elevated
+strain. A bystander might suppose that the whole feathered tribes had
+assembled together on a trial of skill; each striving to produce his
+utmost effect, so perfect are his imitations. He often deceives the
+sportsman, and even birds themselves are sometimes imposed upon by this
+admirable mimic. In confinement he loses little of the power or energy
+of his song. He whistles for the dog; Cæsar starts up, wags his tail,
+and runs to meet his master. He cries like a hurt chicken, and the hen
+hurries about, with feathers on end, to protect her injured brood. He
+repeats the tune taught him, though it be of considerable length, with
+great accuracy. He runs over the notes of the canary, and of the red
+bird, with such superior execution and effect, that the mortified
+songsters confess his triumph by their silence. His fondness for
+variety, some suppose to injure his song. His imitations of the brown
+thrush is often interrupted by the crowing of cocks; and his exquisite
+warblings after the blue bird, are mingled with the screaming of
+swallows, or the cackling of hens. During moonlight, both in the wild
+and tame state, he sings the whole night long. The hunters, in their
+night excursions, know that the moon is rising the instant they begin to
+hear his delightful solo. After Shakspeare, Barrington attributes in
+part the exquisiteness of the nightingale's song to the silence of the
+night; but if so, what are we to think of the bird which in the open
+glare of day, overpowers and often silences all competition? His natural
+notes partake of a character similar to those of the brown thrush, but
+they are more sweet, more expressive, more varied, and uttered with
+greater rapidity.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Yellow breasted Chat</i> naturally follows his superior in the
+art of mimicry. When his haunt is approached, he scolds the passenger in
+a great variety of odd and uncouth monosyllables, difficult to describe,
+but easily imitated so as to deceive the bird himself, and draw him
+after you to a good distance. At first are heard short notes like the
+whistling of a duck's wings, beginning loud and rapid, and becoming
+lower and slower, till they end in detached notes. There succeeds
+something like the barking of young puppies, followed by a variety of
+guttural sounds, and ending like the mewing of a cat, but much hoarser.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The song of the <i>Baltimore Oriole</i> is little less remarkable than
+his fine appearance, and the ingenuity with which he builds his nest.
+His notes consist of a clear mellow whistle, repeated at short intervals
+as he gleams among the branches.
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page107" name="page107"></a>[pg 107]</span>
+                                  There is in it a certain wild
+plaintiveness and <i>naïveté</i> extremely interesting. It is not uttered
+with rapidity, but with the pleasing tranquillity of a careless
+ploughboy, whistling for amusement. Since the streets of some of the
+American towns have been planted with Lombardy poplars, the orioles are
+constant visiters, chanting their native "wood notes wild," amid the din
+of coaches, wheelbarrows, and sometimes within a few yards of a bawling
+oysterwoman.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Virginian Nightingale</i>, <i>Red Bird</i>, or <i>Cardinal
+Grosbeak</i>, has great clearness, variety, and melody in his notes,
+many of which resemble the higher notes of a fife, and are nearly as
+loud. He sings from March till September, and begins early in the dawn,
+and repeating a favourite stanza twenty or thirty times successively,
+and often for a whole morning together, till, like a good story too
+frequently repeated, it becomes quite tiresome. He is very sprightly,
+and full of vivacity; yet his notes are much inferior to those of the
+wood, or even of the brown thrush.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The whole song of the <i>Black-throated Bunting</i> consists of five, or
+rather two, notes; the first repeated twice and very slowly, the third
+thrice and rapidly, resembling <i>chip</i>, <i>chip</i>, <i>che-che-che</i>;
+of which ditty he is by no means parsimonious, but will continue it for
+hours successively. His manners are much like those of the European
+yellow-hammer, sitting, while he sings, on palings and low bushes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The song of the <i>Rice Bird</i> is highly musical. Mounting and
+hovering on the wing, at a small height above the ground, he chants out
+a jingling melody of varied notes, as if half a dozen birds were singing
+together. Some idea may be formed of it, by striking the high keys of a
+piano-forte singly and quickly, making as many contrasts as possible, of
+high and low notes. Many of the tones are delightful, but the ear can
+with difficulty separate them. The general effect of the whole is good;
+and when ten or twelve are singing on the same tree, the concert is
+singularly pleasing.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Red-eyed Flycatcher</i> has a loud, lively, and energetic song,
+which is continued sometimes for an hour without intermission. The
+notes are, in short emphatic bars of two, three, or four syllables.
+On listening to this bird, in his full ardour of song, it requires but
+little imagination to fancy you hear the words "Tom Kelly! whip! Tom
+Kelly!'" very distinctly; and hence Tom Kelly is the name given to the
+bird in the West Indies.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Crested Titmouse</i> possesses a remarkable variety in the tones
+of its voice, at one time not louder than the squeaking of a mouse, and
+in a moment after whistling aloud and clearly, as if calling a dog, and
+continuing this dog-call through the woods for half an hour at a time.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Red-breasted Blue Bird</i> has a soft, agreeable, and often
+repeated warble, uttered with opening and quivering wings. In his
+courtship he uses the tenderest expressions, and caresses his mate by
+sitting close by her, and singing his most endearing warblings. If a
+rival appears, he attacks him with fury, and having driven him away,
+returns to pour out a song of triumph. In autumn his song changes to a
+simple plaintive note, which is heard in open weather all winter, though
+in severe weather the bird is never to be seen.&mdash;<i>Mag. Nat. Hist.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE JOHN DORY.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+In the 312th Number of the <i>Mirror</i>, several solutions are given of
+the name of a well-known and high-priced fish, the John Dory, or Jaune
+Dorée. Sir Joseph Banks's observation, that it should be spelled and
+acknowledged "adorée," because it is the most valuable (or worshipful)
+of fish, as requiring no sauce, is equally absurd and unwarranted; for
+so far from its being incapable of improvement from such adjuncts, its
+relish is materially augmented by any one of the three most usual side
+tureens. The dory attains its fullest growth in the Adriatic, and is a
+favourite dish in Venice, where, as in all the Italian ports of the
+Mediterranean, it is called Janitore, or the gate-keeper, by which title
+St. Peter is most commonly designated among the Catholics, as being the
+reputed keeper of the keys of heaven. In this respect, the name tallies
+with the superstitious legend of this being the fish out of whose mouth
+the apostle took the tribute money. The breast of the animal is very
+much flattened, as if it had been compressed; but, unfortunately for the
+credit of the monks, this feature is exhibited in equally strong
+lineaments by, at least, twenty other varieties of the finny tribe.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Our sailors naturally substituted the appellation of John Dory for the
+Italian Janitore, and a very high price is sometimes given for this fish
+when in prime condition, as I can testify from experience; having two
+years since seen one at Ramsgate which was sold early in the day for
+eighteen shillings.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+JOHNNY RAW.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page108" name="page108"></a>[pg 108]</span>
+</p>
+
+<h2>
+<i>THE SELECTOR,</i><br />
+AND<br />
+LITERARY NOTICES OF<br />
+<i>NEW WORKS.</i>
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+"Anecdotes correspond in literature with the sauces, the savoury dishes,
+and the sweetmeats of a splendid banquet;" and as our weekly sheet is a
+sort of <i>literary fricassee</i>, the following may not be unacceptable
+to the reader. They are penciled from a work quaintly enough entitled
+"The Living and the Dead, by a Country Curate;" and equally strange,
+the cognomen of the author is not a <i>ruse</i>&mdash;he being a curate
+at Liverpool, the son of Dr. Adam Neale, and a nephew of the late
+Mr. Archibald Constable, the eminent publisher, of Edinburgh. The
+information which this volume contains, may therefore be received with
+greater confidence than is usually attached to flying anecdotes; since
+Mr. Constable's frequent and familiar intercourse with the first
+literary characters of his time must have given him peculiar facilities
+of observation of their personal habits. The present volume of "The
+Living and the Dead" is what the publisher terms the Second Series; for,
+like Buck, the turncoat actor, booksellers always think that one good
+turn deserves another. Our first extracts relate to Chantrey's monument
+in Lichfield Cathedral, and another of rival celebrity.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At the retired church of Ashbourne is "a remarkable monument", by Banks,
+to the memory of a very lovely and intelligent little girl, a baronet's
+only child. It bears an inscription which, to use the mildest term, as
+it contains not the slightest reference to Christian hopes, should have
+been refused admittance within a Christian church. To the sentiments
+it breathes, Paine himself, had he been alive, could have raised no
+objection. * * * * The figure, which is recumbent, is that of a little
+girl; the attitude exquisitely natural and graceful. It recalls most
+forcibly to the recollection Chantrey's far-famed monument in Lichfield
+Cathedral; for the resemblance, both in design and execution, between
+these beautiful specimens of art is close and striking.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Previous to his executing that most magnificent yet most touching piece
+of sculpture, which alone would have sufficed to immortalize his name,
+Chantrey was, at his own request, locked up alone in the church for two
+hours. This fact may be apocryphal; but the following I do affirm most
+confidently. When I hinted to the venerable matron who shows the
+monument, and who, being a retainer of the Boothby family, feels their
+honour identified with her own, that Chantrey's was by far the finer
+effort of the two, and that I wished I had that yet to see; and my
+companion added, that though the design of the Boothby monument was
+good, the execution was coarse and clumsy in the extreme, compared with
+the elaborate finish of the Robinson's. "Humph," said the old lady, with
+a most vinegar expression of countenance, with a degree of angry
+hauteur, an air of insulted dignity that Yates would have travelled
+fifty miles to witness; "the like of that's what I now hear every day.
+Hang that fellow Chantee, or Cantee, or what you call him; I wish he
+had never been born!" The Ashbourne people are naturally proud of the
+monument. With them it is a kind of idol, to which every stranger is
+required to do homage. Among others, when Prince Leopold passed through
+Ashbourne, and inquiries were made by some of his royal highness's suite
+as to the "lions" of the neighbourhood&mdash;"We have one of our own, Sir,"
+was the ready reply; "a noble piece of sculpture in the church." To the
+church the royal mourner was on the very point of repairing, when Sir
+Robert Gardiner suddenly inquired the description to which the sculpture
+in question belonged. "It is a monument, Sir, no one passes through
+without seeing it; for its like is not to be met with in England&mdash;it is
+a monument to an only child, whose mother died&mdash;" "Not now," said the
+prince faintly; "not now. I too have lost&mdash;" and he turned away from
+the carriage in tears.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>
+	MR. CANNING.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+It may be observed, too, by the way, that to Ashbourne the late Mr.
+Canning was remarkably partial. Near it lived a female relative to whom
+he was warmly attached, and under whose roof many of his happiest hours
+were spent. It is stated, that a little poem, entitled, "A Spring
+Morning in Dovedale," one of the earliest efforts of his muse, is still
+in existence; and I have good reasons for knowing, that but a very few
+weeks previous to his death, he stated, in conversation, what delight
+he should feel in "going into that neighbourhood, and revisiting haunts
+which to him had been scenes of almost unalloyed enjoyment." I could
+scarcely believe, so exquisitely tranquil is the scene, the very murmur
+of the stream which flows around seems to soften itself in unison with
+the stillness of the landscape&mdash;that Ashbourne had ever been other than
+the abode of rural
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page109" name="page109"></a>[pg 109]</span>
+                   peace and comfort; and yet I was assured that during
+the war there was scarcely any limit to the bustle and gaiety which
+pervaded it.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	MR. MOORE, THE POET.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+At Mayfield, near Ashbourne, is a cottage where Moore, it is stated,
+composed <i>Lalla Rookh</i>. "For some years this distinguished poet
+lived at the neighbouring village of Mayfield; and there was no end to
+the pleasantries and anecdotes that were floating about its coteries
+respecting him; no limit to the recollections which existed of the
+peculiarities of the poet, of the wit and drollery of the man. Go where
+you would, his literary relics were pointed out to you. One family
+possessed pens; and oh! Mr. Bramah! such pens! they would have borne a
+comparison with Miss Mitford's; and those who are acquainted with that
+lady's literary implements and accessaries will admit this is no
+common-place praise&mdash;pens that wrote "Paradise and the Peri" in <i>Lalia
+Rookh</i>! Another showed you a glove torn up into thin shreds in the
+most even and regular manner possible; each shred being in breadth
+about the eighth of an inch, and the work of the <i>teeth</i>! Pairs
+were demolished in this way during the progress of the <i>Life of
+Sheridan</i>. A third called your attention to a note written in a
+strain of the most playful banter, and announcing the next "tragi-comedy
+meeting." A fourth repeated a merry impromptu; and a fifth played a very
+pathetic air, composed and adapted for some beautiful lines of Mrs.
+Opie's. But to return to Mayfield. Our desire to go over the cottage
+which he had inhabited was irresistible. It is neat, but very small, and
+remarkable for nothing except combining a most sheltered situation with
+the most extensive prospect. Still one had pleasure in going over it,
+and peeping into the little book-room, ycleped the "Poet's Den," from
+which so much true poetry had issued to delight and amuse mankind. But
+our satisfaction was not without its portion of alloy. As we approached
+the cottage, a figure scarcely human appeared at one of the windows.
+Unaware that it was again inhabited, we hesitated about entering; when a
+livid, half-starved visage presented itself through the lattice, and a
+thin, shrill voice discordantly ejaculated,&mdash;"Come in, gentlemen, come
+in. <i>Don't be afeard!</i> I'm only a tailor at work on the premises."
+This villanous salutation damped sadly the illusion of the scene;
+and it was some time before we rallied sufficiently from this horrible
+desecration to descend to the poet's walk in the shrubbery, where,
+pacing up and down the live-long morning, he composed his <i>Lalla
+Rookh</i>. It is a little confined gravel-walk, in length about twenty
+paces; so narrow, that there is barely room on it for two persons to
+walk abreast: bounded on one side by a straggling row of stinted
+laurels, on the other by some old decayed wooden paling; at the end of
+it was a huge haystack. Here, without prospect, space, fields, flowers,
+or natural beauties of any description, was that most imaginative poem
+conceived, planned, and executed. It was at Mayfield, too, that those
+bitter stanzas were written on the death of Sheridan. There is a curious
+circumstance connected with them; they were sent to Perry, the
+well-known editor of the <i>Morning Chronicle</i>. Perry, though no
+stickler in a general way, was staggered at the venom of two stanzas, to
+which I need not more particularly allude, and wrote to inquire whether
+he might be permitted to omit them. The reply which he received was
+shortly this: "You may insert the lines in the <i>Chronicle</i> or not,
+as you please; I am perfectly indifferent about it; but if you <i>do</i>
+insert them, it must be <i>verbatim</i>." Mr. Moore's fame would not
+have suffered by their suppression; his heart would have been a gainer.
+Some of his happiest efforts are connected with the localities of
+Ashbourne. The beautiful lines beginning
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Those evening bells, those evening bells,"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+were suggested, it is said, by hearing the Ashboume peal; and sweetly
+indeed do they sound at that distance, "both mournfully and slow;" while
+those exquisitely touching stanzas,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Weep not for those whom the veil of the tomb</p>
+           <p>   In life's happy morning hath hid from our eyes,"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+were avowedly written on the sister of an Ashbourne gentleman, Mr. P&mdash;&mdash;
+B&mdash;&mdash;. But to his drolleries. He avowed on all occasions an utter horror
+of ugly women. He was heard, one evening, to observe to a lady, whose
+person was pre-eminently plain, but who, nevertheless, had been
+anxiously doing her little endeavours to attract his attention,
+"I cannot endure an ugly woman. I'm sure I could never live with one.
+A man that marries an ugly woman cannot be happy." The lady observed,
+that "such an observation she could not permit to pass without remark.
+She knew many plain couples who lived most happily."&mdash;"Don't talk of
+it," said the wit; "don't talk of it. It cannot be."&mdash;"But I tell you,"
+said the lady, who became all at once both piqued and positive, "it can
+be, and it is. I will name individuals so
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page110" name="page110"></a>[pg 110]</span>
+circumstanced. You have heard of Colonel and Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;. She speaks in a
+deep, gruff bass voice; he in a thin, shrill treble. She looks like a
+Jean Dorée; he like a dried alligator. They are called Bubble and Squeak
+by some of their neighbours; Venus and Adonis by others. But what of
+that? They are not handsome, to be sure; and there is neither mirror nor
+pier-glass to be found, search their house from one end of it to the
+other. But what of that? No <i>unhandsome reflections</i> can, in such a
+case, be cast by either party! I know them well; and a more harmonious
+couple I never met with. Now, Mr. Moore, in reply, what have you to say?
+I flatter myself I have overthrown your theory completely." "Not a whit.
+Colonel&mdash;has got into a scrape, and, like a soldier, puts the best face
+he can upon it." Those still exist who were witnesses to his exultation
+when one morning he entered Mrs&mdash;&mdash;'s drawing-room, with an open letter
+in his hand, and, in his peculiarly joyous and animated manner,
+exclaimed, "Don't be surprised if I play all sorts of antics! I am like
+a child with a new rattle! Here is a letter from my friend Lord Byron,
+telling me he has dedicated to me his poem of the 'Corsair.' Ah,
+Mrs.&mdash;&mdash;, it is nothing new for a poor poet to dedicate his poem to a
+great lord; but it is something passing strange for a great lord to
+dedicate his book to a poor poet." Those who know him most intimately
+feel no sort of hesitation in declaring, that he has again and again
+been heard to express regret at the earlier efforts of his muse; or
+reluctance in stating, at the same time, as a fact, that Mr. M., on two
+different occasions, endeavoured to repurchase the copyright of certain
+poems; but, in each instance, the sum demanded was so exorbitant, as of
+itself to put an end to the negotiation. The attempt, however, does him
+honour. And, affectionate father as he is well known to be, when he
+looks at his beautiful little daughter, and those fears, and hopes, and
+cares, and anxieties, come over him which almost choke a parent's
+utterance as he gazes on a promising and idolized child, he will own the
+censures passed on those poems to be just: nay more&mdash;every year will
+find him more and more sensible of the paramount importance of the union
+of female purity with female loveliness&mdash;more alive to the imperative
+duty, on a father's part, to guard the maiden bosom from the slightest
+taint of licentiousness. It is a fact not generally suspected, though
+his last work, "The Epicurean," affords strong internal evidence of the
+truth of the observation, that few are more thoroughly conversant with
+Scripture than himself. Many of Alethe's most beautiful remarks are
+simple paraphrases of the sacred volume. He has been heard to quote from
+it with the happiest effect&mdash;to say there was no book like it&mdash;no book,
+regarding it as a mere human composition, which could on any subject
+even "approach it in poetry, beauty, pathos, and sublimity." Long may
+these sentiments abide in him! And as no man, to use his <i>own</i>
+words, "ever had fiercer enemies or firmer friends"&mdash;as no man, to use
+those of others, was ever more bitter and sarcastic as a political
+enemy, more affectionate and devoted as a private friend, the more
+deeply his future writings are impregnated with the spirit of that
+volume, the more heartfelt, let him be well assured, will be his
+gratification in that hour when "we shall think of those we love, only
+to regret that we have not loved more dearly, when we shall remember our
+enemies only to forgive them."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+REGAL TABLET.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<p>
+The following Synopsis of English Sovereigns, and their contemporaries,
+will, it is hoped, be acceptable to the readers of history.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+JACOBUS.
+</h4>
+
+
+<center>
+(<i>Normans</i>.)
+</center>
+
+<center>
+WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign, 14th Oct. 1066, died 9th Sept. 1087.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+<i>Contemporaries</i>.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexander II.,    1061.<br />
+Gregory VII.,     1073.<br />
+Victor III.,      1086.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Constantine XII., 1059.<br />
+Romanus IV.,      1068.<br />
+Michael VII.,    1071.<br />
+Nicephorus I.,    1078.<br />
+Alexis I.,       1081.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,       1060.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Malcolm III.,     1059.<br />
+Donald VIII.,     1068.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+WILLIAM RUFUS
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 9th Sept. 1087, died 2nd Aug. 1100.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Victor III.,     1086.<br />
+Urban II.,       1088.<br />
+Pascal II.,      1099.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexis I., 1081.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry IV., 1056.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,       1060.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Donald VIII.,     1068.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page111" name="page111"></a>[pg 111]</span>
+</p>
+
+<center>
+HENRY I.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 2nd August 1100, ended 1st Dec. 1135.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Pascal II.,      1099.<br />
+Gelassus II.,    1118.<br />
+Calistus II.,    1119.<br />
+Honorius II.,    1124.<br />
+Innocent II.,    1130.<br />
+Celestin II.,    1134.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexis I.,       1081.<br />
+John Cominus,    1118.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry IV.,       1056.<br />
+Henry V.,        1106.<br />
+Lotharius II.,   1125.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,       1060.<br />
+Louis VI.,       1108.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Donald VIII.,    1068.<br />
+Edgar,           1108.<br />
+David,           1134.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+STEPHEN
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 1st Dec. 1135, ended 25th Oct. 1154.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Celestin II.,    1134.<br />
+Lucius II.,      1144.<br />
+Eugenius III.    1145.<br />
+Anastasius IV.,  1153.<br />
+Adrian V.,       1154.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+John Cominus,    1118.<br />
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Lotharius II.    1125.<br />
+Conrad III.,     1138.<br />
+Frederic I.,     1152.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Louis VI.,       1108.<br />
+Louis VII.,      1137.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+David,           1134.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+<i>Saxon Line Restored.</i>
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+HENRY II.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 25th Oct. 1154, ended 6th July, 1189.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Adrian IV.,      1154.<br />
+Alexander II.,    1154.<br />
+Lucius III.,     1181.<br />
+Urban III.,      1185.<br />
+Gregory VIII.,    1187.<br />
+Clement III.,     1188.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.<br />
+Alexis II.,      1180.<br />
+Andronicus I.,    1183.<br />
+Isaac II.,       1185.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Louis VII.,      1137.<br />
+Philip II.,      1180.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+David,           1134.<br />
+Malcolm IV.,      1163.<br />
+William,         1165.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+RICHARD I.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 6th July, 1189, ended 6th April, 1199.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Clement III.,     1188.<br />
+Celestin III.,    1191.<br />
+Innocent III.,    1198.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Isaac II.,       1185.<br />
+Alexis III.,     1195.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic I.,     1152.<br />
+Henry VI.,       1196.<br />
+Philip I.,       1197.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip II.,       1180.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+William.,         1165.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+JOHN
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 6th April, 1199, ended 19th Oct. 1216.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Innocent III.,    1198.<br />
+Honorius III.,    1215.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexis III.,      1195.<br />
+Alexis IV.,       1203.<br />
+Alexis V.,        1204.<br />
+Theodoras I.,     1204.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,        1197.<br />
+Otho IV.,         1208.<br />
+Frederic II.,     1212.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>French Emperors of Constantinople.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Baldwin I.,       1204.<br />
+Henry I.,         1206.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip II.,       1180.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+William,         1165.<br />
+Alexander II.,    1214.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+HENRY III.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 19th Oct. 1216, ended 16th Nov. 1272.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Honorius III.,    1215.<br />
+Gregory IX.,      1227.<br />
+Celestin IV.,     1241.<br />
+Innocent IV.,     1243.<br />
+Alexander IV.,    1254.<br />
+Urban IV.,        1261.<br />
+Clement IV.,      1265.<br />
+Gregory X.,       1271.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Theodore I.,      1204.<br />
+John III.,        1222.<br />
+Theodore II.,     1225.<br />
+John IV.,         1259.<br />
+Michael VIII.,    1259.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic II.,     1212.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>French Emperors of Constantinople.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry I.,         1206.<br />
+Peter II.,        1217.<br />
+Robert de Cour.,  1221.<br />
+Baldwin II.,      1237.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip II.,       1180.<br />
+Louis VIII.,      1223.<br />
+Louis IX.,        1226.<br />
+Philip III.,      1270.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexander II.,    1214.<br />
+Alexander III.,   1249.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+EDWARD I.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 16th Nov. 1272, ended 7th July, 1307.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Gregory X.,       1270.<br />
+Innocent V.,      1276.<br />
+Adrian V.,        1276.<br />
+John XXI.,        1276.<br />
+Nicholas III.,    1277.<br />
+Martin IV.,       1281.<br />
+Honorius IV.,     1285.<br />
+Nicholas IV.,     1288.<br />
+Celestin V.,      1294.<br />
+Boniface VIII.,   1294.<br />
+Benedict X.,      1303.<br />
+Clement V.,       1305.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Michael VIII.,    1259.<br />
+Andronicus II.,   1283.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic II.,     1212.<br />
+Rodolphus I.,     1273.<br />
+Adolphus,         1291.<br />
+Albert I.,        1298.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip III.,      1270.<br />
+Philip IV.,       1285.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexander III.,   1249.<br />
+John Baliol,      1293.<br />
+Robert Bruce,     1306.<br />
+</p>
+
+<center>
+(<i>To be continued.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<hr class="full"/>
+
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page112" name="page112"></a>[pg 112]</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+           <p>  SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	TIMELY REPARTEE.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+A soldier of Marshal Saxe's army being discovered in a theft, was
+condemned to be hanged. What he had stolen might be worth about 5s.
+The marshal meeting him as he was being led to execution, said to him,
+"What a miserable fool you were to risk your life for 5s.!"&mdash;"General,"
+replied the soldier, "I have risked it every day for five-pence." This
+repartee saved his life.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	MARSHAL VILLARS.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+It was customary, as the French general in command of the Italian army
+passed through Lyons to join his army, for that town to offer him a
+purse full of gold. Marshal Villars on being thus complimented by the
+head magistrate, the latter concluded his speech by observing, that
+Turenne, who was the last commander of the Italian army who had honoured
+the town with his presence, had taken the purse, but returned the money.
+"Ah!" replied Villars, pocketing both the purse and the gold, "I have
+always looked upon Turenne to be <i>inimitable</i>."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	LONG STORIES.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Capt. S&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, of the &mdash;&mdash;&mdash; regiment, during the American war, was
+notorious for a propensity, not to story-telling, but to telling long
+stories, which he used to indulge in defiance of time and place, often
+to the great annoyance of his immediate companions; but he was so
+good-humoured withal, that they were loth to check him abruptly or
+harshly. An opportunity occurred of giving him a hint, which had the
+desired effect. He was a member of a courtmartial assembled for the
+trial of a private of the regiment. The man bore a very good character
+in general, the offence he had committed was slight, and the court was
+rather at a loss what punishment to award, for it was requisite to award
+some, as the man had been found guilty. While they were deliberating on
+this, Major &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, now General Sir &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, suddenly turning to the
+president, said, in his dry manner, "Suppose we sentence him to hear
+two of Captain S&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;'s long stories."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	GENUINE GAELIC PROCLAMATION.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+The crier sounds a flourish on that delightful sonorous instrument,
+the bagpipe, then loquitor, "Tak tent a' ye land louping hallions, the
+meickle deil tamn ye, tat are within the bounds. If any o' ye be foond
+fishing in ma Lort Preadalpine's gruns, he'll be first headit, and syne
+hangit, and syne droom't; an' if ta loon's bauld enough to come bock
+again, his horse and cart will be ta'en frae him; and if ta teils' sae
+grit wi' him tat he shows his ill faurd face ta three times, far waur
+things wull be dune till him. An noo tat ye a' ken ta wull o' ta lairt,
+I'll e'en gang hame and sup my brose."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	TO LOUISA.
+</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  L et me but hope</p>
+           <p>  O lovely maid,</p>
+           <p>  U ever will be mine,</p>
+           <p>  I 'll bless my fate,</p>
+           <p>  S upremely great,</p>
+           <p>  A happy <i>Valentine</i>.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h4>
+N.R.H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	A DEAD SUBJECT.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+"<i>Dyed</i> stockings are always rotten," said a Nottingham
+warehouseman.&mdash;"Yes," replied a by-stander, "and you'll be rotten when
+you're <i>dead</i>."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+GRIZZLE.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>
+What will some grave people say to this?&mdash;from a "Constant Reader."
+A little boy having swallowed a medal of Napoleon, ran in great
+tribulation to his mother, and told her "that he had swallowed
+<i>Boneparty</i>."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<p>
+PURCHASERS of the MIRROR, who may wish to complete their sets are
+informed, that every volume is complete in itself, and may be purchased
+separately. The whole of the numbers are now in print, and can be
+procured by giving an order to any Bookseller or Newsvender.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Complete sets Vol I.. to XII. in boards, price £3. 5s. half bound, £4.
+2s. 6d.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand,
+near Somerset House.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. boards
+<br />
+
+The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+<br />
+
+The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &amp;c. Price 2s.
+<br />
+
+PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 2 vols. price 13s. boards.
+<br />
+
+COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, price 3s 6d boards.
+<br />
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES, 2 vols. price 8s. boards.
+<br />
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED. Price
+5s. boards.
+<br />
+
+BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 2 vols. price 7s. boards.
+<br />
+
+The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+*** Any of the above Works can be purchased in Parts.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+<br />
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+<br />
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+<br />
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>
+   This elegant and curious piece of workmanship, the history of
+        which is involved in uncertainty, bears the marks of an age
+        subsequent to that of the choir, and was probably erected in
+        the reign of Henry VI. It is in the most finished style of the
+        florid Gothic, containing niches, canopies, pediments, and
+        pinnacles, and decorated with the statues of all the sovereigns
+        of England, from the Norman Conquest to Henry V. The statue of
+        James I. stands in the niche which tradition assigns as that
+        formerly occupied by the one of Henry VI.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>
+     These stalls or seats which were formed of oak, and of the most
+        elaborate workmanship, occupied the side, and western end of the
+        choir: they were surmounted by canopies, supported by slender
+        pillars, rising from the arms, each being furnished with a
+        movable misericordia.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>
+ Vide Drake's Eboracum, p. 527.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>
+   We thank our intelligent antiquarian correspondent for this
+        article, which, he will perceive appears somewhat, abridged,
+        as we are unable to spare room for further details.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+<p>
+   We ourselves remember the thrilling effect of our first reading
+        this ballad; especially while clambering over the ruins of
+        Brambletye House. Indeed, the incident of the ballad is of the
+        most sinking character, and it works on the stage with truly
+        melo-dramatic force, Perhaps, there is not a more interesting
+        picture than a solitary tree, tufted on a time-worn ruin; there
+        are a thousand associations in such a scene, which, to the
+        reflective mind, are dear as life's-blood, and as an artist
+        would say, they make a fine study.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD</i>, 143, <i>Strand, (near
+Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER</i>, 626, <i>New
+Market, Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 12477 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #12477 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/12477)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 13, No. 356, Saturday, February 14, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 30, 2004 [EBook #12477]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 356 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 356.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Interior of the Colosseum.
+
+
+[Illustration: Interior of the Colosseum.]
+
+
+_References to the Engraving._
+
+A. Column or Tower in the centre of the building, for supporting the
+Ascending Room, &c.
+
+B. Entrance to the Ascending-Room.
+
+C. Saloon for the reception of works of art.
+
+D. Passage lending to the Saloon, Galleries, and Ascending-Room.
+
+E. F. Two separate Spiral Flights of Steps, leading to the Galleries, &c.
+
+G. H. I. Galleries from which the Picture is to be viewed.
+
+K. Refreshment-Room.
+
+L. Rooms for Music or Bells.
+
+M. The Old Ball from St. Paul's Cathedral.
+
+N. Stairs leading to the outside of the Building. _a. b._ Sky-lights.
+_c._ Plaster Dome, on which the sky is painted, _d._ Canvass on which
+the part of the picture up to the horizon is painted. _e._ Gallery,
+suspended by ropes, used for painting the distance, and uniting the
+plaster and the canvas. _f._ Temporary Bridge from the Gallery G to
+the Gallery _e._ from the end of which the echo of the building might
+be heard to the greatest advantage. _g._ One of Fifteen Triangular
+Platforms, used for painting the sky. _h._ Platforms fixed on the
+ropes of the Gallery _e_, used for finishing and clouding the sky.
+_k._ Different methods for getting at the lower parts of the canvas.
+_l._ Baskets for conveying colours. &c. to the artists, _m._ Cross or
+Shears, formed of two poles, from which a cradle or box is suspended,
+for finishing the picture after the removal of all the scaffolding
+and ropes.
+
+
+Mr. Hornor, in his colossal undertaking, has "devised a mean" to draw us
+out of the way; and a successful one it has already proved. As a return
+for the interest which his enterprise has excited, we are, however,
+induced to present its details to our readers, as perfect as the limits
+of the MIRROR will allow; and for this purpose we have been favoured by
+Mr. Parris with the drawing for the annexed cut.
+
+In No. 352, we gave a popular description of the interior of the
+Colosseum; but the reader's attention was therein directed to the
+splendid effect of the panorama or picture, whilst the means by which
+the painting was executed have been reserved for our present Number.
+This we have endeavoured to illustrate by the annexed engraving; and
+the explanation will be rendered still clearer by reference to No. 352,
+wherein we have given an outline of the difficulties with which the
+principal artist, Mr. Parris, had to contend in painting the panorama.
+We, however, omitted to state an obstacle equally formidable with the
+_reconciliation_ of the styles of the several artists engaged to
+assist Mr. Parris. This additional source of perplexity was the great
+change, almost amounting to the vitrification of enamel colours, which
+occurred in the hues of the various pigments, according to the point of
+view, and the immense distance of the canvas from the spectator.
+
+Besides furnishing the reader with the construction of the apartments,
+galleries, and ascents of the interior, the engraving presents some idea
+of the scaffoldings, bridges, platforms, and other mechanical
+contrivances requisite for the execution of the picture.
+
+The spiral staircase, it will be seen, leads to the lower gallery for
+viewing the picture. Unconnected with the intermediate gallery, there is
+a communication from the lowest gallery to the highest, and thence to
+the refreshment-rooms and exterior of the dome. The ascent to the second
+price gallery is by a spiral staircase under those already mentioned.
+The column, or central erection, containing these staircases and
+the ascending-room, is of timber, with twelve principal uprights
+seventy-three feet high, one foot square, set upon a circular curb of
+brickwork, hooped with iron, and further secured by bracing, and by
+two other circular curbs, from the upper one of which rises a cone of
+timbers thirty-four feet high, supporting the refreshment-rooms, the
+identical ball, and model of the cross, of St. Paul's, Mr. Hornor's
+sketching cabin, staircase to the exterior, &c. Without the circle of
+timbers already described, is another of twenty-four upright timbers;
+and between these two circles the staircases wind. The architectural
+fronts of the galleries form frame-works, through which the spectator
+may enjoy various parts of the panorama, as in so many distinct
+pictures.
+
+The cut and appended references will explain the devices for painting
+better than a more extended description; for mere words do not
+facilitate the understanding of inventions which in themselves are
+beautiful and simple. To heighten the effect, our artist has, however,
+introduced light sketchy outlines of the campanile towers of St. Paul's,
+the city, and the distant country. Mr. Parris's task must have been one
+of extreme peril, and notwithstanding his ingenious contrivances of
+galleries, bridges, platforms, &c. he fell twice from a considerable
+height; but in neither case was he seriously hurt. His progress reminds
+us of other grand flights to fame, but his success has been triumphant,
+and alike honourable to his genius and enterprise. In short, looking
+at the present advanced state of the Colosseum, Mr. Hornor and his
+indefatigable coadjutors may almost exclaim in the words of Dryden,
+
+  "Our toils, my friend, are crown'd with sure success:
+  The greater part perform'd, achieve the less."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DORCHESTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+St. Peter's church, Dorchester, is a handsome structure. There is a
+traditional rhyme about it which imports the founder of this church
+to have been Geoffery Van.
+
+  "Geoffery Van
+   With his wife Anne
+   And his maid Nan
+   Built this church."
+
+
+But there was long since dug up in a garden here a large seal, with
+indisputable marks of antiquity, and this inscription:--"Sigillum
+Galfridi de Ann." It is therefore supposed, with some reason, that
+the founder's name was Ann.
+
+A great number and variety of Roman coins have been dug up in this town,
+some of silver, others of copper, called by the common people, King
+Dorn's Pence; for they have a notion that one king Dorn was the founder
+of Dorchester.
+
+HALBERT H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FIRE AT YORK CATHEDRAL.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Ut Rosa flos florum
+  Sic est domus ista domorum.
+
+
+Such was the encomium bestowed on the venerable pile of York Minster by
+an old monkish writer; but, alas! what a change is there in the space
+of a few short hours; what a scene of desolation, what a lesson of the
+instability of sublunary things and the vanity of human grandeur! The
+glory of the city of York, of England, yea, almost of Europe, is now,
+through the fanaticism of a modern Erostratus, rendered comparatively
+a pile of ruin; but still
+
+  "Looks great in ruin, noble in decay."
+
+
+This is the third time that this magnificent structure has been assailed
+by fire; twice it has been totally destroyed; but, like another phoenix,
+it has again risen from its ashes in a greater degree of splendour. A
+period of nearly seven hundred years has now elapsed since the last of
+these occurrences; and the present fabric has but now narrowly escaped
+sharing the fate of its predecessors.
+
+The damage which the Minster has sustained is not, perhaps, of
+so great a magnitude as, from the first appearance of the fire, might
+have been anticipated. The destruction is principally confined to the
+_choir_, the roof of which is entirely consumed. The beautiful and
+elaborately carved _screen_,[1] which divides the choir from the
+nave, and forms a support for the organ-loft, has escaped in a most
+wonderful manner, a few of the more projecting ornaments being merely
+detached. The organ, an instrument scarcely equalled in tone by any
+other in Europe, is totally destroyed. The oaken stalls,[2] together
+with their richly carved canopies, have likewise perished. The altar
+table, which stood at the eastern end of the choir, on a raised
+pavement, ascended by a flight of fifteen steps, is likewise consumed,
+and the communion plate melted. The beautiful stone screen, which
+separated the Lady's Chapel from the altar, has not suffered so
+materially as was at first imagined. This elegant specimen of ancient
+sculpture is divided into eight pointed arches, and elaborately
+ornamented with tracery work: the lights were filled with plate glass,
+through which a fine view of the great eastern window was obtained;
+some pieces of which still remain uninjured.
+
+Such are the principal parts of the cathedral which have suffered. The
+books, cushions, and other movable effects, from the northern side of
+the choir, were fortunately rescued, together with the brazen eagle,
+from which the prayers were read. The wills, and other valuable
+documents, were also preserved.
+
+The choir, the destruction of which we have just related, was built by
+John de Thoresby, a prelate, raised to the archiepiscopal chair in 1532.
+On this building he expended the then enormous sum of one thousand eight
+hundred and ten pounds out of his own private purse. The first stone
+was laid on the 29th of July, 1361; but the founder died before its
+completion, as is evident from the arms of several of his successors in
+various parts of the building, particularly those of Scrope and Bowet,
+the latter of whom was not created archbishop until the year 1405. It
+was constructed in a more florid style of architecture than the rest of
+the fabric. The roof, higher by some feet than that of the nave, was
+more richly ornamented, an elegant kind of festoon work descending from
+the capitals of the pillars, which separated the middle from the side
+aisles; from these columns sprung the vaulted roof, the ribs of which
+crossed each other in angular compartments. The magnificent window, the
+admiration of all beholders, occupies nearly the whole space of the
+eastern end of the choir; it is divided by two large mullions into
+three principal divisions, which are again subdivided into three lights;
+the upper part from the springing of the arches are also separated
+into various compartments. It contains nearly two hundred subjects,
+principally scriptural. The painting of this window was executed about
+the year 1405, at the expense of the dean and chapter, by John Thornton,
+a glazier, of Coventry, who, by his contract, was engaged to finish it
+within three years, and to receive four shillings per week for his
+work; he was also to have one hundred shillings besides; and also ten
+pounds more if he did his work well.[3] On the exterior of the choir,
+immediately over the window, is the effigy of John de Thoresby, mitred
+and robed, and sitting in his archiepiscopal chair, his right hand
+pointing to the window, and in his left holding the model of a church.
+At the base of the window are the heads of Christ and the Apostles,
+with that of some sovereign, supposed to be Edward III.
+
+We will now bring this article to a close, by quoting the words of Æneas
+Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II., in praise of York Cathedral. He says,
+"It is famous all over the world for its magnificence and workmanship,
+but especially for a fine lightsome chapel, with shining walls, and
+small, thin-waisted pillars, quite round."[4]
+
+S.I.B.
+
+
+    [1] This elegant and curious piece of workmanship, the history of
+        which is involved in uncertainty, bears the marks of an age
+        subsequent to that of the choir, and was probably erected in
+        the reign of Henry VI. It is in the most finished style of the
+        florid Gothic, containing niches, canopies, pediments, and
+        pinnacles, and decorated with the statues of all the sovereigns
+        of England, from the Norman Conquest to Henry V. The statue of
+        James I. stands in the niche which tradition assigns as that
+        formerly occupied by the one of Henry VI.
+
+    [2] These stalls or seats which were formed of oak, and of the most
+        elaborate workmanship, occupied the side, and western end of the
+        choir: they were surmounted by canopies, supported by slender
+        pillars, rising from the arms, each being furnished with a
+        movable misericordia.
+
+    [3] Vide Drake's Eboracum, p. 527.
+
+    [4] We thank our intelligent antiquarian correspondent for this
+        article, which, he will perceive appears somewhat, abridged,
+        as we are unable to spare room for further details.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE VINE.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HERDER.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+On the day of their creation, the trees boasted one to another, of their
+excellence. "Me, the Lord planted!" said the lofty cedar;--"strength,
+fragrance, and longevity, he bestowed on me."
+
+"Jehovah fashioned me to be a blessing," said the shadowy palm;
+"utility and beauty he united in my form." The apple-tree, said, "Like
+a bridegroom among youths, I glow in my beauty amidst the trees of the
+grove!" The myrtle, said, "Like the rose among briars, so am I amidst
+the other shrubs." Thus all boasted;--the olive and the fig-tree--and
+even the fir.
+
+The vine, alone, drooped silent to the ground! "To me," thought he,
+"every thing seems to have been refused;--I have neither stem--nor
+branches--nor flowers,--but such as _I am_, I will hope and wait."
+The vine bent down its shoots, and wept!
+
+Not long had the vine to wait; for, behold, the divinity of earth, man,
+drew nigh; he saw the feeble, helpless, plant trailing its honours along
+the soil:--in pity, he lifted up the recumbent shoots, and twined the
+feeble plant around his own bower.
+
+Now the winds played with its leaves and tendrils; and the warmth of the
+sun began to empurple its hard green grapes, and to prepare within them
+a sweet and delicious juice.
+
+Decked with its rich clusters, the vine leaned towards its master, who
+tasted its refreshing fruit and juicy beverage; and he named the vine,
+his friend and favourite.
+
+Despair not, ye forsaken; bear--be patient,--and strive.
+
+From the insignificant reed flows the sweetest of juices;--from the
+bending vine springs the most delightful drink of the earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SKETCH-BOOK.
+
+THE BATTLE OF NAVARINO.--BY AN OFFICER ENGAGED.
+
+(_Abridged from No. 2, of the United Service Journal._)
+
+
+We had been cruizing off the coast of the Morea, for the protection of
+trading vessels, and to watch the motions of the numerous Greek pirates
+infesting the narrow seas and adjacent islands. For fourteen months we
+had been thus actively employed, when the arrival of the Albion and
+Genoa, from Lisbon, hinted to us, that some coercive measures were
+about to be used against the Turks, to cause them to discontinue the
+exterminating war they carried on against the Greeks, and to evacuate
+the country pursuant to the terms of the treaty of July, 1827. The
+prospect of a collision with the Turkish fleet appeared to be very
+agreeable to the ship's crew, as they had got a little tired of their
+long confinement on board, and anxiously looked for a speedy return to
+Malta to get ashore, which they had not been able to do for upwards of a
+year. We again proceeded on our protecting duty, and parted company with
+the admiral in the Asia. In about six weeks we returned, and found that
+many other British vessels had joined the Asia, whilst the squadrons of
+France and Russia added to the number of the fleet, which altogether
+presented an imposing attitude.
+
+The Turkish and Egyptian fleets had arrived from the unsuccessful
+attempt in the Gulf of Patras some time before, and lay off the Bay of
+Navarino, before they finally entered and took up a position within
+the harbour. While the Ottoman fleet lay off the bay, the Turkish
+troops were said to have committed many unjustifiable outrages on the
+defenceless inhabitants of the country adjacent to Navarino; information
+of these oppressive acts was conveyed to the British admiral, and, it
+is believed, formed the grounds of a strong remonstrance on his part,
+addressed to the Turkish commanders, which hastened the collision
+between the two armaments. These facts were generally known throughout
+the fleet, and a "_row_" was eagerly expected.
+
+About the beginning of October we had returned from our cruize; the men,
+ever since we had been in commission, had been daily exercised at the
+guns, and, by firing at marks, they had much improved in their practice.
+
+Before entering the bay, the Ottoman fleet lay at the distance of ten or
+twelve miles from the Allies. They appeared numerous, with many small
+craft. Most of them bore the crimson flag flying at their peak, and on
+coming closer, a crescent and sword were visible on the flags. Their
+ships looked well, and in tolerable order: the Egyptians were evidently
+superior to the Turks.
+
+Little communication took place between the Allied and Turkish fleets.
+The Dartmouth had gone into the bay twice, bearing the terms proposed by
+the allied commanders to Ibrahim Pacha. No satisfactory answer had been
+returned by the Ottoman admiral, whose conduct appeared evasive and
+trifling, implying a contempt for our prowess, and daring us to do our
+worst.
+
+The Dartmouth having proceeded for the last time into the bay, with the
+final requisitions, and having brought back no satisfactory reply, on
+Saturday, the 20th of October, 1827, about noon, Admiral Codrington,
+favoured by a gentle sea-breeze, bore up under all sail for the mouth
+of the Bay of Navarino. A buzz ran instantly through the ship at the
+welcome intelligence of the admiral's bearing up; and I could easily
+perceive the hilarity and exultation of the seamen, and their impatience
+for the contest.
+
+Our ship's crew was chiefly composed of young men, who had never seen a
+shot fired; yet, to judge from their manner, one would have thought them
+familiar with the business of fighting. The decks were then cleared for
+action, and the ship was quite ready, as we neared the mouth of the bay.
+
+The Asia led the fleet, and was the first to enter the bay, followed by
+the ships in two columns. This was about one o'clock, or rather later.
+Abreast of Sir Edward Codrington was the French admiral, distinguished
+by the large white flag at the mizen. Then came the Genoa and Albion,
+followed by the Dartmouth, Talbot, and brigs, along with the French and
+Russian squadrons, in more distant succession. Every sail was set, so
+that the vast crowd of canvass, that looked more bleached and glittering
+in the rays of the sun, and contrasted with the deep blue unclouded sky,
+presented a magnificent and spirit-stirring spectacle. The breeze was
+just powerful enough to carry the allied fleet forward at a gentle rate,
+and as the wind freshened a little at times, it had the effect of
+causing the ships to heel to one side in a graceful, undulating
+manner,--the various flags and pendants of the united nations puffing
+out occasionally from the mast-heads. The sea was smooth, the weather
+rather warm, and the air quite clear. As we neared the entrance of the
+bay, the land presented all around a rugged, steep appearance towards
+the sea. In the distance, the mountains were visible, of a light blue,
+with whitish clouds apparently resting on their summits. The town and
+castle of Navarino presented a bright, picturesque look, and some spots
+of cultivation were to be seen. In the interior there rose in the air
+what looked like the smoke of some conflagration, and such we all
+believed was the case, as the Turkish soldiery had been employed in
+ravaging the country, and carrying away the inhabitants. An encampment
+of tents lay near, close to the castle, and large bodies of soldiers
+were easily discernible crowding on the batteries as we approached. We
+were about five hundred yards distant from the castle. The breadth of
+the entrance was about a mile.
+
+When the Asia had arrived abreast of this castle, a boat rowed from the
+shore, and came alongside of the Asia with a request from Ibraham Pacha,
+that the allied fleets would not enter the bay; and just about that
+time, an unshotted gun was fired from the castle, which we interpreted
+as a signal for the Ottoman fleet to prepare for action. Close to the
+mouth of the bay, the cluster of vessels was considerable, all bearing
+up under a press of sail, and in perfect order. Our ship was close on
+the Asia's quarter. No opposition was made to our progress by the
+batteries of Navarino, which was a matter of surprise to all, as the men
+were ready at their quarters in momentary expectation of being attacked.
+To the spectators on the battlements our fleet must have presented a
+beautiful, though a formidable, appearance.
+
+As soon as we had cleared the mouth of the bay, the Turko-Egyptian
+fleet was seen ranged round from right to left, in the form of an
+extensive crescent, in two lines, each ship with springs on her cables.
+Thus the combined fleets were in the centre of the lion's den, and
+the lists might be said to have been closed. The Asia, on passing the
+mouth of Navarino, sailed onwards to where the Turkish and Egyptian
+line-of-battle ships lay at anchor about three-quarters of a mile
+farther up the bay, and anchored close abreast one of their largest
+ships, bearing the flag of the Capitan Bey. The Genoa took her station
+near the Asia, whilst the Albion followed; but the Turks being so
+closely wedged together, she could not find space to pass between them
+to her appointed berth. The ship of the Egyptian Admiral lay as close to
+the Asia as that of the Capitan Bey: a large double-banked frigate was
+also near: all these three ships being moored in front of the crescent
+close upon the Asia and the Genoa. The wind by this time had almost
+died away, consequently the Albion had to anchor close alongside the
+double-banked frigate. This failing of the wind retarded considerably
+the progress of the ships, which had not yet entered the bay,
+particularly the Russian ships, and several of ours, which came later
+into action, and had to encounter the firing of the artillery of the
+castle.
+
+The Egyptian fleet lay to the south-east; and, as it was well known that
+several French officers were serving on board, the French Admiral was
+appointed to place his squadron abreast of them. It appears, however,
+that, with one exception, all these Frenchmen quitted the Egyptian
+fleet, and went on board an Austrian transport which lay off the coast.
+
+The post assigned to the Cambrian, Talbot, and Glasgow, along with the
+French frigate Armide, was alongside of the Turkish frigates at the
+left of the crescent on entering into the bay; whilst the Dartmouth,
+Musquito, the Rose, and Philomel, were ordered to keep a sharp look-out
+on the several fireships lurking suspiciously at the extremities of the
+crescent, and apparently ripe for mischief.
+
+It was strictly enjoined in the orders, that no gun was to be fired,
+without a signal to that effect made by the Admiral, unless it should be
+in return for shots fired at us by the Turkish fleet. Each ship was to
+anchor with springs on her cables, if time allowed; and the orders
+concluded with the memorable words of Nelson,--"No captain can do
+very wrong who places his ship alongside of any enemy."
+
+It was about two o'clock when we arrived at our station on the left of
+the bay, and anchored. The men were immediately sent aloft to furl the
+sails, which operation lasted a few minutes. Whilst so employed, the
+Dartmouth, distant about half a mile from our ship, had sent a boat,
+commanded by Lieut. Fitzroy, to request the fireship to remove from her
+station; a fire of musketry ensued from the fireship into the boat,
+killing the officer and several men. This brought on a return of
+small-arms from the Dartmouth and Syrene. Capt. Davis, of the Rose,
+having witnessed the firing of the Turkish vessel, went in one of his
+boats to assist that of the Dartmouth; and the crew of these two boats
+were in the act of climbing up the sides of the fireship, when she
+instantly exploded with a tremendous concussion, blowing the men into
+the water, and killing and disabling several in the boats close
+alongside. Just about this time, and before the men had descended from
+the yards, an Egyptian double-banked frigate poured a broadside into our
+ship. The captain gave instant orders to fire away; and the broadside
+was returned with terrible effect, every shot striking the hull of the
+Egyptian frigate. The men were now hastily descending the shrouds, while
+the captain sung out, "Now, my lads! down to the main-deck, and fire
+away as fast as you can." The seamen cheered loudly as they fired the
+first broadside, and continued to do so at intervals during the action.
+The battle had actually commenced to windward before the Asia and the
+Ottoman admiral had exchanged a single shot; and the action in that part
+of the bay was brought on in nearly a similar manner as in ours, by the
+Turks firing into the boat dispatched by Sir E. Codrington to explain
+the mediatorial views of the Allies. The Greek pilot had been killed;
+and ere the Asia's boat had reached the ship, the firing was unremitting
+between the Asia, Genoa, and Albion, and the Turkish ships. About
+half-past two o'clock, the battle had become general throughout the
+whole lines, and the cannonade was one uninterrupted crash, louder than
+any thunder. Previous to the Egyptian frigate firing into us, the men,
+not engaged in furling the sails, had stripped themselves to their
+duck-frocks, and were binding their black-silk neckcloths round
+their heads and waists, and some upon their left knees.
+
+The Egyptian frigate, which had fired into our ship was distant about
+half a cable's length. Near her was another of the same large class,
+together with a Turkish frigate and a corvette. These four ships poured
+their broadsides into us without intermission for nearly a quarter of an
+hour; but after a few rounds their firing became irregular and hasty,
+and many of their shots injured our rigging. At the first broadside we
+received, two men near me were instantly struck dead on the deck. There
+was no appearance of any wounds upon them, but they never stirred a
+limb; and their bodies, after lying a little beside the gun at which
+they had been working, were dragged amid-ships. Several of the men were
+now severely wounded.
+
+We were near enough to distinguish the Turkish and Egyptian sailors in
+the enemy's ships. They seemed to be a motley group. Most of them wore
+turbans of white, with a red cap below, small brown jackets, and very
+wide trousers; their legs were bare. They were active, brawny fellows,
+of a dark-brown complexion, and they crowded the Turkish ships, which
+accounts for the very great slaughter we occasioned among them. Many
+dead bodies were tumbled through their port-holes into the sea.
+
+Capt. Hugon, commanding the French frigate L'Armide, about three
+o'clock, seeing the unequal, but unflinching combat we were maintaining,
+wormed his ship coolly and deliberately through the Turkish inner line,
+in such a gallant, masterly style, as never for one moment to obstruct
+the fire of our ship upon our opponents. He then anchored on our
+starboard-quarter, and fired a broadside into one of the Turkish
+frigates, thus relieving us of one of our foes, which, in about ten
+minutes, struck to the gallant Frenchman; who, on taking possession, in
+the most handsome manner, hoisted our flag along with his own, to show
+he had but completed the work we had begun. The skill, gallantry, and
+courtesy of the French captain, were the subject of much talk amongst
+us, and we were loud in his praise. We had still two of the frigates
+and the corvette to contend with, whilst the Armide was engaged, when
+a Russian line-of-battle-ship came up, and attracted the attention of
+another Egyptian frigate, and thus drew off her fire from us. Our men
+had now a breathing time, and they poured broadside upon broadside into
+the Egyptian frigate, which had been our first assailant. The rapidity
+and intensity of our concentrated fire soon told upon the vessel. Her
+guns were irregularly served, and many shots struck our rigging. Our
+round-shot, which were pointed to sink her, passed through her sides,
+and frequently tore up her decks in rebounding. In a short time she was
+compelled to haul down her colours, and ceased firing. We learned
+afterwards, that her decks were covered with nearly one hundred and
+fifty dead and wounded men, and the deck itself ripped up from the
+effects of our balls. In the interim, the corvette, which had annoyed us
+exceedingly during the action, came in for her share of our notice, and
+we managed to repay her in some style for the favours she had bestowed
+on us in the heat of the business. Orders were then issued for the men
+to cease firing for a few minutes, until the Rose had passed between our
+ship and the corvette, and had stationed herself in such a position as
+to annoy the latter in conjunction with us. Our firing was then renewed
+with redoubled fury, The men, during the pause, had leisure to quench
+their thirst from the tank which stood on the deck, and they appeared
+greatly refreshed--I may say, almost exhilarated, and to their work
+they merrily went again.
+
+The double-banked Egyptian frigate, which had struck her colours to us,
+to our astonishment began, after having been silenced for some time, to
+open a smart fire on our ships, though she had no colours flying. The
+men were exceedingly exasperated at such treacherous conduct, and they
+poured into her two severe broadsides, which effectually silenced her,
+and at the moment we saw that a blue ensign was run up her mast, on
+which we ceased cannonading her, and she never fired another gun during
+the remainder of the action. It was a Greek pilot, pressed on board the
+Egyptian, who ran up the English ensign, to prevent our ship from firing
+again. He declared that our shot came into the frigate as thick and
+rapidly as a hail-storm, and so terrified the crew, that they all ran
+below. From the combined effects of our firing, and that of the Russian
+ship, the other Egyptian frigate hauled down her colours. The corvette,
+which was roughly handled by the Rose, was driven on shore, and there
+destroyed.
+
+Before this, however, a Turkish fireship approached us, having seemingly
+no one on board. We fired into her, and in a few minutes she loudly
+exploded astern, without doing us any damage. The concussion was
+tremendous, shaking the ship through every beam. Another fireship came
+close to the Philomel which soon sunk her, and in the very act of going
+down she exploded.
+
+A large ship near the Asia was now seen to be on fire; the blaze flamed
+up as high as the topmast, and soon became one vast sheet of fire; in
+that state she continued for a short time. The crew could be easily
+discerned gliding about across the light; and, after a horrible
+suspense, she blew up, with an explosion far louder and more stunning
+than the ships which had done so in our vicinity. The smoke and lurid
+flame ascended to a vast height in the air; beams, masts, and pieces of
+the hull, along with human figures in various distorted postures, were
+clearly distinguishable in the air.
+
+It was now almost dark, and the action had ceased to be general
+throughout the lines; but blaze rose upon blaze, and explosion thundered
+upon explosion, in various parts of the bay. A pretty sharp cannonading
+had been kept up between the guns of the castle and the ships entering
+the bay, and that firing still continued. The smaller Turkish vessels,
+forming the second line, were now nearly silenced, and several exhibited
+signs of being on fire, from the thick light-coloured smoke that rose
+from their decks.
+
+The action had nearly terminated by six o'clock, after a duration of
+four hours. Daylight had disappeared unperceived, owing to the dense
+smoke of the cannonading, which, from the cessation of the firing,
+now began to clear away, and showed us a clouded sky. The bay was
+illuminated in various quarters by the numerous burning ships, which
+rendered the sight one of the most sublime and magnificent that could
+be imagined.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+MEMORABLE DAYS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VALENTINE'S DAY.
+
+
+  Seynte _Valentine_. Of custome, yeere by yeere,
+    Men have an usaunce, in this regioun,
+  To loke and serche Cupide's kalendere,
+    And chose theyr choyse, by grete affeccioun;
+    Such as ben _move_ with Cupide's mocioun,
+  Taking theyr choyse as theyr sorte doth falle;
+  But I love oon whyche excellith alle.
+
+LYDGATE'S _Poem of Queen Catherine, consort to Henry V._, 1440.
+
+
+In some villages in Kent there is a singular custom observed on St.
+Valentine's day. The young maidens, from five or six to eighteen years
+of age, assemble in a crowd, and burn an uncouth effigy, which they
+denominate a "_holly boy_," and which they obtain from the boys;
+while in another part of the village the boys burn an equally ridiculous
+effigy, which they call an "ivy girl," and which they steal from the
+girls. The oldest inhabitants can give you no reason or account of this
+curious practice, though it is always a sport at this season.
+
+Numerous are the sports and superstitions concerning the day in
+different parts of England. In some parts of Dorsetshire the young folks
+purchase wax candles, and let them remain lighted all night in the
+bedroom. I learned this from some old Dorsetshire friends of mine, who,
+however, could throw no further _light_ upon the subject. In the
+same county, I was also informed it was in many places customary for the
+maids to hang up in the kitchen a bunch of such flowers as were then in
+season, neatly suspended by a true lover's knot of blue riband. These
+innocent doings are prevalent in other parts of England, and elsewhere.
+
+Misson, a learned traveller, relates an amusing practice which was kept
+up in his time:--"On the eve of St. Valentine's day, the young folks in
+England and Scotland, by a very ancient custom, celebrated a little
+festival. An equal number of maids and bachelors assemble together; all
+write their true or some feigned name separately upon as many billets,
+which they rolled up, and drew by way of lots, the maids taking the
+men's billets, and the men the maids'; so that each of the young men
+lights upon a girl that he calls his Valentine, and each of the girls
+upon a young man which she calls her's. By this means each has two
+Valentines; but the man sticks faster to the Valentine that falls to
+him, than to the Valentine to whom he has fallen. Fortune having thus
+divided the company into so many couples, the Valentines give balls and
+treats to their fair mistresses, wear their billets several days upon
+their bosoms or sleeves, and this little sport often ends in love."
+
+In Poor Robin's Almanack, 1676, the _drawing_ of Valentines is thus
+alluded to:
+
+  "Now Andrew, Antho-
+    Ny, and William,
+  For Valentines _draw_
+    Prue, Kate, Jilian."
+
+
+Gay makes mention of a method of choosing Valentines in his time, viz.
+that the lad's Valentine was the first lass he spied in the morning, who
+was not an inmate of the house; and the lass's Valentine was the first
+young man she met.
+
+Also, it is a belief among certain playful damsels, that if they pin
+four bay leaves to the corners of the pillow, and the fifth in the
+middle, they are certain of dreaming of their lover.
+
+Shakspeare bears witness to the custom of looking out of window for a
+Valentine, or desiring to be one, by making Ophelia sing:--
+
+  Good morrow! 'tis St. Valentine's day,
+    All in the morning betime,
+  And I a maid at your window.
+    To be your Valentine!
+
+
+In London this day is ushered in by the thundering knock of the postman
+at the different doors, through whose hands some thousands of Valentines
+pass for many a fair maiden in the course of the day. Valentines are,
+however, getting very ridiculous, if we may go by the numerous doggrels
+that appear in the print-shops on this day. As an instance, I transmit
+the reader a copy of some lines appended to a Valentine sent me last
+year. Under the figure of a shoemaker, with a head thrice the size of
+his body, and his legs forming an oval, were the following rhymes:--
+
+  Do you think to be my Valentine?
+  Oh, no! you snob, you shan't be mine:
+  So big your ugly head has grown,
+  No wig will fit to seem your own
+  Go, find your equal if you can,
+  For I will ne'er have such a man;
+  Your fine _bow_ legs and turned-in feet,
+  Make you a _citizen_ complete."
+
+
+The _fair_ writer had here evidently ventured upon a pun; how far
+it has succeeded I will leave others to say. The lovely creature was,
+however, entirely ignorant of my calling; and whatever impression such
+a description would leave on the reader's mind, it made none on mine,
+though in the second verse I was certainly much pleased with the fair
+punster. I wish you saw the engraving!
+
+W.H.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Kirkstall Abbey.]
+
+
+The first page or frontispiece embellisment of the present Number of the
+MIRROR illustrates one of the most recent triumphs of art; and the above
+vignette is a fragment of the monastic splendour of the twelfth century.
+Truly this is the _bathos_ of art. The plaster and paint of the
+_Colosseum_ are scarcely dry, and half the work is in embryo;
+whilst _Kirkstall_ is crumbling to dust, and reading us "sermons in
+stones:" we may well say,
+
+  "Look here, upon this picture, and on this."
+
+
+Kirkstall Abbey is situated a short distance from Leeds, in the West
+Riding of Yorkshire. Its situation is one of the most picturesque that
+the children of romance can wish for, being in a beautiful vale, watered
+by the river Aire. It was of the Cistercian order, founded by Henry de
+Lacy in 1157, and valued at the dissolution at 329l. 2s. 11d. Its rents
+are now worth 10,253l. 6s. 8d. The gateway has been walled up, and
+converted into a farm-house. The abbot's palace was on the south; the
+roof of the aisle is entirely gone; places for six altars, three on each
+side the high altar, appear by distinct chapels, but to what saints
+dedicated is not easy, at this time, to discover. The length of the
+church, from east to west, was 224 feet; the transept, from north to
+south, 118 feet. The tower, built in the time of Henry VIII., remained
+entire till January 27, 1779, when three sides of it were blown down,
+and only the fourth remains. Part of an arched chamber, leading to the
+cemetery, and part of the dormitory, still remain. On the ceiling of a
+room in the gatehouse is inscribed,
+
+  Mille et Quingentos postquam compleverit Orbis
+  Tuq: et ter demos per sua signi Deus
+  Prima sauluteferi post cunabula Christi,
+  Cui datur omnium Honor, Gloria, Laus, et Amor.
+
+
+The principal window is particularly admired as a rich specimen of
+Gothic beauty, and a tourist, in 1818, says, "bids defiance to time
+and tempest;" but in our engraving, which is of very recent date, the
+details of the window will be sought for in vain. "Shrubs and trees,"
+observes the same writer, "have found a footing in the crevices, and
+branches from the walls shook in undulating monotony, and with a gloomy
+and spiritual murmur, that spoke to the ear of time and events gone by,
+and lost in oblivion and dilapidation. At the end, immediately beneath
+the colossal window, grows an alder of considerable luxuriance, which,
+added to the situation of every other object, brought Mr. Southey's
+pathetic ballad of 'Mary the Maid of the Inn,' so forcibly before my
+imagination,[5] that I involuntarily turned my eye to search for the
+grave, where the murderers concealed their victim." He likewise tells
+us of "the former garden of the monastery, still cultivated, and
+exhibiting a fruitful appearance;" cells and cavities covered with
+underwood; and his ascent to a gallery by a winding turret stair,
+whence, says he, "the monks of Kirkstall feasted their eyes with all
+that was charming in nature. It is said," adds he, "that a subterraneous
+passage existed from hence to Eshelt Hall, a distance of some miles,
+and that the entrance is yet traced."
+
+
+    [5] We ourselves remember the thrilling effect of our first reading
+        this ballad; especially while clambering over the ruins of
+        Brambletye House. Indeed, the incident of the ballad is of the
+        most sinking character, and it works on the stage with truly
+        melo-dramatic force, Perhaps, there is not a more interesting
+        picture than a solitary tree, tufted on a time-worn ruin; there
+        are a thousand associations in such a scene, which, to the
+        reflective mind, are dear as life's-blood, and as an artist
+        would say, they make a fine study.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AMERICAN SONG BIRDS.
+
+
+The _Mocking-bird_ seems to be the prince of all song birds, being
+altogether unrivalled in the extent and variety of his vocal powers;
+and, besides the fulness and melody of his original notes, he has the
+faculty of imitating the notes of all other birds, from the humming-bird
+to the eagle. Pennant tells us that he heard a caged one, in England,
+imitate the mewing of a cat and the creaking of a sign in high winds.
+The Hon. Daines Barrington says, his pipe comes nearest to the
+nightingale, of any bird he ever heard. The description, however, given
+by Wilson, in his own inimitable manner, as far excels Pennant and
+Barrington as the bird excels his fellow-songsters. Wilson tells that
+the ease, elegance and rapidity of his movements, the animation of his
+eye, and the intelligence he displays in listening and laying up
+lessons, mark the peculiarity of his genius. His voice is full, strong,
+and musical, and capable of almost every modulation, from the clear
+mellow tones of the wood thrush to the savage scream of the bald eagle.
+In measure and accents he faithfully follows his originals, while in
+force and sweetness of expression he greatly improves upon them.
+In his native woods, upon a dewy morning, his song rises above every
+competitor, for the others seem merely as inferior accompaniments. His
+own notes are bold and full, and varied seemingly beyond all limits.
+They consist of short expressions of two, three, or at most five or six,
+syllables, generally expressed with great emphasis and rapidity, and
+continued with undiminished ardour, for half an hour or an hour at a
+time. While singing, he expands his wings and his tail, glistening with
+white, keeping time to his own music, and the buoyant gaiety of his
+action is no less fascinating than his song. He sweeps round with
+enthusiastic ecstasy, he mounts and descends as his song swells or dies
+away; he bounds aloft, as Bartram says, with the celerity of an arrow,
+as if to recover or recall his very soul, expired in the last elevated
+strain. A bystander might suppose that the whole feathered tribes had
+assembled together on a trial of skill; each striving to produce his
+utmost effect, so perfect are his imitations. He often deceives the
+sportsman, and even birds themselves are sometimes imposed upon by this
+admirable mimic. In confinement he loses little of the power or energy
+of his song. He whistles for the dog; Cæsar starts up, wags his tail,
+and runs to meet his master. He cries like a hurt chicken, and the hen
+hurries about, with feathers on end, to protect her injured brood. He
+repeats the tune taught him, though it be of considerable length, with
+great accuracy. He runs over the notes of the canary, and of the red
+bird, with such superior execution and effect, that the mortified
+songsters confess his triumph by their silence. His fondness for
+variety, some suppose to injure his song. His imitations of the brown
+thrush is often interrupted by the crowing of cocks; and his exquisite
+warblings after the blue bird, are mingled with the screaming of
+swallows, or the cackling of hens. During moonlight, both in the wild
+and tame state, he sings the whole night long. The hunters, in their
+night excursions, know that the moon is rising the instant they begin to
+hear his delightful solo. After Shakspeare, Barrington attributes in
+part the exquisiteness of the nightingale's song to the silence of the
+night; but if so, what are we to think of the bird which in the open
+glare of day, overpowers and often silences all competition? His natural
+notes partake of a character similar to those of the brown thrush, but
+they are more sweet, more expressive, more varied, and uttered with
+greater rapidity.
+
+The _Yellow breasted Chat_ naturally follows his superior in the
+art of mimicry. When his haunt is approached, he scolds the passenger in
+a great variety of odd and uncouth monosyllables, difficult to describe,
+but easily imitated so as to deceive the bird himself, and draw him
+after you to a good distance. At first are heard short notes like the
+whistling of a duck's wings, beginning loud and rapid, and becoming
+lower and slower, till they end in detached notes. There succeeds
+something like the barking of young puppies, followed by a variety of
+guttural sounds, and ending like the mewing of a cat, but much hoarser.
+
+The song of the _Baltimore Oriole_ is little less remarkable than
+his fine appearance, and the ingenuity with which he builds his nest.
+His notes consist of a clear mellow whistle, repeated at short intervals
+as he gleams among the branches. There is in it a certain wild
+plaintiveness and _naïveté_ extremely interesting. It is not uttered
+with rapidity, but with the pleasing tranquillity of a careless
+ploughboy, whistling for amusement. Since the streets of some of the
+American towns have been planted with Lombardy poplars, the orioles are
+constant visiters, chanting their native "wood notes wild," amid the din
+of coaches, wheelbarrows, and sometimes within a few yards of a bawling
+oysterwoman.
+
+The _Virginian Nightingale_, _Red Bird_, or _Cardinal
+Grosbeak_, has great clearness, variety, and melody in his notes,
+many of which resemble the higher notes of a fife, and are nearly as
+loud. He sings from March till September, and begins early in the dawn,
+and repeating a favourite stanza twenty or thirty times successively,
+and often for a whole morning together, till, like a good story too
+frequently repeated, it becomes quite tiresome. He is very sprightly,
+and full of vivacity; yet his notes are much inferior to those of the
+wood, or even of the brown thrush.
+
+The whole song of the _Black-throated Bunting_ consists of five, or
+rather two, notes; the first repeated twice and very slowly, the third
+thrice and rapidly, resembling _chip_, _chip_, _che-che-che_;
+of which ditty he is by no means parsimonious, but will continue it for
+hours successively. His manners are much like those of the European
+yellow-hammer, sitting, while he sings, on palings and low bushes.
+
+The song of the _Rice Bird_ is highly musical. Mounting and
+hovering on the wing, at a small height above the ground, he chants out
+a jingling melody of varied notes, as if half a dozen birds were singing
+together. Some idea may be formed of it, by striking the high keys of a
+piano-forte singly and quickly, making as many contrasts as possible, of
+high and low notes. Many of the tones are delightful, but the ear can
+with difficulty separate them. The general effect of the whole is good;
+and when ten or twelve are singing on the same tree, the concert is
+singularly pleasing.
+
+The _Red-eyed Flycatcher_ has a loud, lively, and energetic song,
+which is continued sometimes for an hour without intermission. The
+notes are, in short emphatic bars of two, three, or four syllables.
+On listening to this bird, in his full ardour of song, it requires but
+little imagination to fancy you hear the words "Tom Kelly! whip! Tom
+Kelly!'" very distinctly; and hence Tom Kelly is the name given to the
+bird in the West Indies.
+
+The _Crested Titmouse_ possesses a remarkable variety in the tones
+of its voice, at one time not louder than the squeaking of a mouse, and
+in a moment after whistling aloud and clearly, as if calling a dog, and
+continuing this dog-call through the woods for half an hour at a time.
+
+The _Red-breasted Blue Bird_ has a soft, agreeable, and often
+repeated warble, uttered with opening and quivering wings. In his
+courtship he uses the tenderest expressions, and caresses his mate by
+sitting close by her, and singing his most endearing warblings. If a
+rival appears, he attacks him with fury, and having driven him away,
+returns to pour out a song of triumph. In autumn his song changes to a
+simple plaintive note, which is heard in open weather all winter, though
+in severe weather the bird is never to be seen.--_Mag. Nat. Hist._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE JOHN DORY.
+
+
+In the 312th Number of the _Mirror_, several solutions are given of
+the name of a well-known and high-priced fish, the John Dory, or Jaune
+Dorée. Sir Joseph Banks's observation, that it should be spelled and
+acknowledged "adorée," because it is the most valuable (or worshipful)
+of fish, as requiring no sauce, is equally absurd and unwarranted; for
+so far from its being incapable of improvement from such adjuncts, its
+relish is materially augmented by any one of the three most usual side
+tureens. The dory attains its fullest growth in the Adriatic, and is a
+favourite dish in Venice, where, as in all the Italian ports of the
+Mediterranean, it is called Janitore, or the gate-keeper, by which title
+St. Peter is most commonly designated among the Catholics, as being the
+reputed keeper of the keys of heaven. In this respect, the name tallies
+with the superstitious legend of this being the fish out of whose mouth
+the apostle took the tribute money. The breast of the animal is very
+much flattened, as if it had been compressed; but, unfortunately for the
+credit of the monks, this feature is exhibited in equally strong
+lineaments by, at least, twenty other varieties of the finny tribe.
+
+Our sailors naturally substituted the appellation of John Dory for the
+Italian Janitore, and a very high price is sometimes given for this fish
+when in prime condition, as I can testify from experience; having two
+years since seen one at Ramsgate which was sold early in the day for
+eighteen shillings.
+
+JOHNNY RAW.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+_THE SELECTOR,_ AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Anecdotes correspond in literature with the sauces, the savoury dishes,
+and the sweetmeats of a splendid banquet;" and as our weekly sheet is a
+sort of _literary fricassee_, the following may not be unacceptable
+to the reader. They are penciled from a work quaintly enough entitled
+"The Living and the Dead, by a Country Curate;" and equally strange,
+the cognomen of the author is not a _ruse_--he being a curate
+at Liverpool, the son of Dr. Adam Neale, and a nephew of the late
+Mr. Archibald Constable, the eminent publisher, of Edinburgh. The
+information which this volume contains, may therefore be received with
+greater confidence than is usually attached to flying anecdotes; since
+Mr. Constable's frequent and familiar intercourse with the first
+literary characters of his time must have given him peculiar facilities
+of observation of their personal habits. The present volume of "The
+Living and the Dead" is what the publisher terms the Second Series; for,
+like Buck, the turncoat actor, booksellers always think that one good
+turn deserves another. Our first extracts relate to Chantrey's monument
+in Lichfield Cathedral, and another of rival celebrity.
+
+At the retired church of Ashbourne is "a remarkable monument", by Banks,
+to the memory of a very lovely and intelligent little girl, a baronet's
+only child. It bears an inscription which, to use the mildest term, as
+it contains not the slightest reference to Christian hopes, should have
+been refused admittance within a Christian church. To the sentiments
+it breathes, Paine himself, had he been alive, could have raised no
+objection. * * * * The figure, which is recumbent, is that of a little
+girl; the attitude exquisitely natural and graceful. It recalls most
+forcibly to the recollection Chantrey's far-famed monument in Lichfield
+Cathedral; for the resemblance, both in design and execution, between
+these beautiful specimens of art is close and striking.
+
+Previous to his executing that most magnificent yet most touching piece
+of sculpture, which alone would have sufficed to immortalize his name,
+Chantrey was, at his own request, locked up alone in the church for two
+hours. This fact may be apocryphal; but the following I do affirm most
+confidently. When I hinted to the venerable matron who shows the
+monument, and who, being a retainer of the Boothby family, feels their
+honour identified with her own, that Chantrey's was by far the finer
+effort of the two, and that I wished I had that yet to see; and my
+companion added, that though the design of the Boothby monument was
+good, the execution was coarse and clumsy in the extreme, compared with
+the elaborate finish of the Robinson's. "Humph," said the old lady, with
+a most vinegar expression of countenance, with a degree of angry
+hauteur, an air of insulted dignity that Yates would have travelled
+fifty miles to witness; "the like of that's what I now hear every day.
+Hang that fellow Chantee, or Cantee, or what you call him; I wish he
+had never been born!" The Ashbourne people are naturally proud of the
+monument. With them it is a kind of idol, to which every stranger is
+required to do homage. Among others, when Prince Leopold passed through
+Ashbourne, and inquiries were made by some of his royal highness's suite
+as to the "lions" of the neighbourhood--"We have one of our own, Sir,"
+was the ready reply; "a noble piece of sculpture in the church." To the
+church the royal mourner was on the very point of repairing, when Sir
+Robert Gardiner suddenly inquired the description to which the sculpture
+in question belonged. "It is a monument, Sir, no one passes through
+without seeing it; for its like is not to be met with in England--it is
+a monument to an only child, whose mother died--" "Not now," said the
+prince faintly; "not now. I too have lost--" and he turned away from
+the carriage in tears.
+
+
+MR. CANNING.
+
+It may be observed, too, by the way, that to Ashbourne the late Mr.
+Canning was remarkably partial. Near it lived a female relative to whom
+he was warmly attached, and under whose roof many of his happiest hours
+were spent. It is stated, that a little poem, entitled, "A Spring
+Morning in Dovedale," one of the earliest efforts of his muse, is still
+in existence; and I have good reasons for knowing, that but a very few
+weeks previous to his death, he stated, in conversation, what delight
+he should feel in "going into that neighbourhood, and revisiting haunts
+which to him had been scenes of almost unalloyed enjoyment." I could
+scarcely believe, so exquisitely tranquil is the scene, the very murmur
+of the stream which flows around seems to soften itself in unison with
+the stillness of the landscape--that Ashbourne had ever been other than
+the abode of rural peace and comfort; and yet I was assured that during
+the war there was scarcely any limit to the bustle and gaiety which
+pervaded it.
+
+
+MR. MOORE, THE POET.
+
+At Mayfield, near Ashbourne, is a cottage where Moore, it is stated,
+composed _Lalla Rookh_. "For some years this distinguished poet
+lived at the neighbouring village of Mayfield; and there was no end to
+the pleasantries and anecdotes that were floating about its coteries
+respecting him; no limit to the recollections which existed of the
+peculiarities of the poet, of the wit and drollery of the man. Go where
+you would, his literary relics were pointed out to you. One family
+possessed pens; and oh! Mr. Bramah! such pens! they would have borne a
+comparison with Miss Mitford's; and those who are acquainted with that
+lady's literary implements and accessaries will admit this is no
+common-place praise--pens that wrote "Paradise and the Peri" in _Lalia
+Rookh_! Another showed you a glove torn up into thin shreds in the
+most even and regular manner possible; each shred being in breadth
+about the eighth of an inch, and the work of the _teeth_! Pairs
+were demolished in this way during the progress of the _Life of
+Sheridan_. A third called your attention to a note written in a
+strain of the most playful banter, and announcing the next "tragi-comedy
+meeting." A fourth repeated a merry impromptu; and a fifth played a very
+pathetic air, composed and adapted for some beautiful lines of Mrs.
+Opie's. But to return to Mayfield. Our desire to go over the cottage
+which he had inhabited was irresistible. It is neat, but very small, and
+remarkable for nothing except combining a most sheltered situation with
+the most extensive prospect. Still one had pleasure in going over it,
+and peeping into the little book-room, ycleped the "Poet's Den," from
+which so much true poetry had issued to delight and amuse mankind. But
+our satisfaction was not without its portion of alloy. As we approached
+the cottage, a figure scarcely human appeared at one of the windows.
+Unaware that it was again inhabited, we hesitated about entering; when a
+livid, half-starved visage presented itself through the lattice, and a
+thin, shrill voice discordantly ejaculated,--"Come in, gentlemen, come
+in. _Don't be afeard!_ I'm only a tailor at work on the premises."
+This villanous salutation damped sadly the illusion of the scene;
+and it was some time before we rallied sufficiently from this horrible
+desecration to descend to the poet's walk in the shrubbery, where,
+pacing up and down the live-long morning, he composed his _Lalla
+Rookh_. It is a little confined gravel-walk, in length about twenty
+paces; so narrow, that there is barely room on it for two persons to
+walk abreast: bounded on one side by a straggling row of stinted
+laurels, on the other by some old decayed wooden paling; at the end of
+it was a huge haystack. Here, without prospect, space, fields, flowers,
+or natural beauties of any description, was that most imaginative poem
+conceived, planned, and executed. It was at Mayfield, too, that those
+bitter stanzas were written on the death of Sheridan. There is a curious
+circumstance connected with them; they were sent to Perry, the
+well-known editor of the _Morning Chronicle_. Perry, though no
+stickler in a general way, was staggered at the venom of two stanzas, to
+which I need not more particularly allude, and wrote to inquire whether
+he might be permitted to omit them. The reply which he received was
+shortly this: "You may insert the lines in the _Chronicle_ or not,
+as you please; I am perfectly indifferent about it; but if you _do_
+insert them, it must be _verbatim_." Mr. Moore's fame would not
+have suffered by their suppression; his heart would have been a gainer.
+Some of his happiest efforts are connected with the localities of
+Ashbourne. The beautiful lines beginning
+
+  "Those evening bells, those evening bells,"
+
+
+were suggested, it is said, by hearing the Ashboume peal; and sweetly
+indeed do they sound at that distance, "both mournfully and slow;" while
+those exquisitely touching stanzas,
+
+  "Weep not for those whom the veil of the tomb
+   In life's happy morning hath hid from our eyes,"
+
+
+were avowedly written on the sister of an Ashbourne gentleman, Mr. P----
+B----. But to his drolleries. He avowed on all occasions an utter horror
+of ugly women. He was heard, one evening, to observe to a lady, whose
+person was pre-eminently plain, but who, nevertheless, had been
+anxiously doing her little endeavours to attract his attention,
+"I cannot endure an ugly woman. I'm sure I could never live with one.
+A man that marries an ugly woman cannot be happy." The lady observed,
+that "such an observation she could not permit to pass without remark.
+She knew many plain couples who lived most happily."--"Don't talk of
+it," said the wit; "don't talk of it. It cannot be."--"But I tell you,"
+said the lady, who became all at once both piqued and positive, "it can
+be, and it is. I will name individuals so circumstanced. You have heard
+of Colonel and Mrs. ----. She speaks in a deep, gruff bass voice;
+he in a thin, shrill treble. She looks like a Jean Dorée; he like a
+dried alligator. They are called Bubble and Squeak by some of their
+neighbours; Venus and Adonis by others. But what of that? They are not
+handsome, to be sure; and there is neither mirror nor pier-glass to be
+found, search their house from one end of it to the other. But what of
+that? No _unhandsome reflections_ can, in such a case, be cast by either
+party! I know them well; and a more harmonious couple I never met with.
+Now, Mr. Moore, in reply, what have you to say? I flatter myself I have
+overthrown your theory completely." "Not a whit. Colonel--has got into a
+scrape, and, like a soldier, puts the best face he can upon it." Those
+still exist who were witnesses to his exultation when one morning he
+entered Mrs----'s drawing-room, with an open letter in his hand, and,
+in his peculiarly joyous and animated manner, exclaimed, "Don't be
+surprised if I play all sorts of antics! I am like a child with a new
+rattle! Here is a letter from my friend Lord Byron, telling me he has
+dedicated to me his poem of the 'Corsair.' Ah, Mrs.----, it is nothing
+new for a poor poet to dedicate his poem to a great lord; but it is
+something passing strange for a great lord to dedicate his book to
+a poor poet." Those who know him most intimately feel no sort of
+hesitation in declaring, that he has again and again been heard to
+express regret at the earlier efforts of his muse; or reluctance in
+stating, at the same time, as a fact, that Mr. M., on two different
+occasions, endeavoured to repurchase the copyright of certain poems;
+but, in each instance, the sum demanded was so exorbitant, as of itself
+to put an end to the negotiation. The attempt, however, does him honour.
+And, affectionate father as he is well known to be, when he looks at his
+beautiful little daughter, and those fears, and hopes, and cares, and
+anxieties, come over him which almost choke a parent's utterance as he
+gazes on a promising and idolized child, he will own the censures passed
+on those poems to be just: nay more--every year will find him more and
+more sensible of the paramount importance of the union of female purity
+with female loveliness--more alive to the imperative duty, on a
+father's part, to guard the maiden bosom from the slightest taint of
+licentiousness. It is a fact not generally suspected, though his last
+work, "The Epicurean," affords strong internal evidence of the truth of
+the observation, that few are more thoroughly conversant with Scripture
+than himself. Many of Alethe's most beautiful remarks are simple
+paraphrases of the sacred volume. He has been heard to quote from it
+with the happiest effect--to say there was no book like it--no book,
+regarding it as a mere human composition, which could on any subject
+even "approach it in poetry, beauty, pathos, and sublimity." Long may
+these sentiments abide in him! And as no man, to use his _own_ words,
+"ever had fiercer enemies or firmer friends"--as no man, to use those of
+others, was ever more bitter and sarcastic as a political enemy, more
+affectionate and devoted as a private friend, the more deeply his future
+writings are impregnated with the spirit of that volume, the more
+heartfelt, let him be well assured, will be his gratification in that
+hour when "we shall think of those we love, only to regret that we have
+not loved more dearly, when we shall remember our enemies only to
+forgive them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REGAL TABLET.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+The following Synopsis of English Sovereigns, and their contemporaries,
+will, it is hoped, be acceptable to the readers of history.
+
+JACOBUS.
+
+
+(_Normans_.)
+
+WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
+
+began his reign, 14th Oct. 1066, died 9th Sept. 1087.
+
+_Contemporaries_.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Alexander II.,   1061.
+Gregory VII.,    1073.
+Victor III.,     1086.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Constantine XII.,1059.
+Romanus IV.,     1068.
+Michael VII.,    1071.
+Nicephorus I.,   1078.
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Malcolm III.,    1059.
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM RUFUS
+
+began his reign 9th Sept. 1087, died 2nd Aug. 1100.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Victor III.,     1086.
+Urban II.,       1088.
+Pascal II.,      1099.
+
+_Emperor of the East._
+
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Henry IV., 1056.
+
+_France_.
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY I.
+
+began his reign 2nd August 1100, ended 1st Dec. 1135.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Pascal II.,      1099.
+Gelassus II.,    1118.
+Calistus II.,    1119.
+Honorius II.,    1124.
+Innocent II.,    1130.
+Celestin II.,    1134.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+John Cominus,    1118.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+Henry V.,        1106.
+Lotharius II.,   1125.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+Louis VI.,       1108.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+Edgar,           1108.
+David,           1134.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+STEPHEN
+
+began his reign 1st Dec. 1135, ended 25th Oct. 1154.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Celestin II.,    1134.
+Lucius II.,      1144.
+Eugenius III.,   1145.
+Anastasius IV.,  1153.
+Adrian V.,       1154.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+John Cominus,    1118.
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Lotharius II.,   1125.
+Conrad III.,     1138.
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis VI.,       1108.
+Louis VII.,      1137.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+David,           1134.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Saxon Line Restored._
+
+HENRY II.
+
+began his reign 25th Oct. 1154, ended 6th July, 1189.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Adrian IV.,      1154.
+Alexander II.,   1154.
+Lucius III.,     1181.
+Urban III.,      1185.
+Gregory VIII.,   1187.
+Clement III.,    1188.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.
+Alexis II.,      1180.
+Andronicus I.,   1183.
+Isaac II.,       1185.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+
+_France_.
+
+Louis VII.,      1137.
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+David,           1134.
+Malcolm IV.,     1163.
+William,         1165.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD I.
+
+began his reign 6th July, 1189, ended 6th April, 1199.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Clement III.,    1188.
+Celestin III.,   1191.
+Innocent III.,   1198.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Isaac II.,       1185.
+Alexis III.,     1195.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+Henry VI.,       1196.
+Philip I.,       1197.
+
+_France_.
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+William,         1165.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOHN
+
+began his reign 6th April, 1199, ended 19th Oct. 1216.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent III.,   1198.
+Honorius III.,   1215.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Alexis III.,     1195.
+Alexis IV.,      1203.
+Alexis V.,       1204.
+Theodoras I.,    1204.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Philip I.,       1197.
+Otho IV.,        1208.
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+
+_French Emperors of Constantinople._
+
+Baldwin I.,      1204.
+Henry I.,        1206.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+William,         1165.
+Alexander II.,   1214.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY III.
+
+began his reign 19th Oct. 1216, ended 16th Nov. 1272.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Honorius III.,   1215.
+Gregory IX.,     1227.
+Celestin IV.,    1241.
+Innocent IV.,    1243.
+Alexander IV.,   1254.
+Urban IV.,       1261.
+Clement IV.,     1265.
+Gregory X.,      1271.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Theodore I.,     1204.
+John III.,       1222.
+Theodore II.,    1225.
+John IV.,        1259.
+Michael VIII.,   1259.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+
+_French Emperors of Constantinople._
+
+Henry I.,        1206.
+Peter II.,       1217.
+Robert de Cour,  1221.
+Baldwin II.,     1237.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+Louis VIII.,     1223.
+Louis IX.,       1226.
+Philip III.,     1270.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Alexander II.,   1214.
+Alexander III.,  1249.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD I.
+
+began his reign 16th Nov. 1272, ended 7th July, 1307.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Gregory X.,      1270.
+Innocent V.,     1276.
+Adrian V.,       1276.
+John XXI.,       1276.
+Nicholas III.,   1277.
+Martin IV.,      1281.
+Honorius IV.,    1285.
+Nicholas IV.,    1288.
+Celestin V.,     1294.
+Boniface VIII.,  1294.
+Benedict X.,     1303.
+Clement V.,      1305.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Michael VIII.,   1259.
+Andronicus II.,  1283.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+Rodolphus I.,    1273.
+Adolphus,        1291.
+Albert I.,       1298.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip III.,     1270.
+Philip IV.,      1285.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Alexander III.,  1249.
+John Baliol,     1293.
+Robert Bruce,    1306.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+  SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TIMELY REPARTEE.
+
+A soldier of Marshal Saxe's army being discovered in a theft, was
+condemned to be hanged. What he had stolen might be worth about 5s.
+The marshal meeting him as he was being led to execution, said to him,
+"What a miserable fool you were to risk your life for 5s.!"--"General,"
+replied the soldier, "I have risked it every day for five-pence." This
+repartee saved his life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARSHAL VILLARS.
+
+It was customary, as the French general in command of the Italian army
+passed through Lyons to join his army, for that town to offer him a
+purse full of gold. Marshal Villars on being thus complimented by the
+head magistrate, the latter concluded his speech by observing, that
+Turenne, who was the last commander of the Italian army who had honoured
+the town with his presence, had taken the purse, but returned the money.
+"Ah!" replied Villars, pocketing both the purse and the gold, "I have
+always looked upon Turenne to be _inimitable_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONG STORIES.
+
+Capt. S------, of the ------ regiment, during the American war, was
+notorious for a propensity, not to story-telling, but to telling long
+stories, which he used to indulge in defiance of time and place, often
+to the great annoyance of his immediate companions; but he was so
+good-humoured withal, that they were loth to check him abruptly or
+harshly. An opportunity occurred of giving him a hint, which had the
+desired effect. He was a member of a courtmartial assembled for the
+trial of a private of the regiment. The man bore a very good character
+in general, the offence he had committed was slight, and the court was
+rather at a loss what punishment to award, for it was requisite to award
+some, as the man had been found guilty. While they were deliberating on
+this, Major ------, now General Sir ------, suddenly turning to the
+president, said, in his dry manner, "Suppose we sentence him to hear
+two of Captain S------'s long stories."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENUINE GAELIC PROCLAMATION.
+
+The crier sounds a flourish on that delightful sonorous instrument,
+the bagpipe, then loquitor, "Tak tent a' ye land louping hallions, the
+meickle deil tamn ye, tat are within the bounds. If any o' ye be foond
+fishing in ma Lort Preadalpine's gruns, he'll be first headit, and syne
+hangit, and syne droom't; an' if ta loon's bauld enough to come bock
+again, his horse and cart will be ta'en frae him; and if ta teils' sae
+grit wi' him tat he shows his ill faurd face ta three times, far waur
+things wull be dune till him. An noo tat ye a' ken ta wull o' ta lairt,
+I'll e'en gang hame and sup my brose."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO LOUISA.
+
+  L et me but hope
+  O lovely maid,
+  U ever will be mine,
+  I 'll bless my fate,
+  S upremely great,
+  A happy _Valentine_.
+
+N.R.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A DEAD SUBJECT.
+
+"_Dyed_ stockings are always rotten," said a Nottingham
+warehouseman.--"Yes," replied a by-stander, "and you'll be rotten when
+you're _dead_."
+
+GRIZZLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+What will some grave people say to this?--from a "Constant Reader."
+A little boy having swallowed a medal of Napoleon, ran in great
+tribulation to his mother, and told her "that he had swallowed
+_Boneparty_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+
+<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 356.</title>
+
+  <style type="text/css">
+  <!--
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+  span.pagenum         {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+
+  .poem                {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+  .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
+  .poem p.i4           {margin-left: 2em;}
+  .poem p.i6           {margin-left: 3em;}
+  .poem p.i8           {margin-left: 4em;}
+
+  .figure              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
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+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 13, No. 356, Saturday, February 14, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 30, 2004 [EBook #12477]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 356 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+ <hr class="full" />
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page97" name="page97"></a>[pg 97]</span>
+
+  <h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+  OF<br />
+  LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+  <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+    <tr>
+      <td align="left"><b>VOL. XIII, NO. 356.]</b></td>
+      <td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1829.</b></td>
+      <td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+  <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+Interior of the Colosseum.
+</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/356-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/356-1.png"
+alt="Interior of the Colosseum." /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+<i>References to the Engraving.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A. Column or Tower in the centre of the building, for supporting the
+Ascending Room, &amp;c.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+B. Entrance to the Ascending-Room.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+C. Saloon for the reception of works of art.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+D. Passage lending to the Saloon, Galleries, and Ascending-Room.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+E. F. Two separate Spiral Flights of Steps, leading to the Galleries, &amp;c.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+G. H. I. Galleries from which the Picture is to be viewed.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+K. Refreshment-Room.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+L. Rooms for Music or Bells.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+M. The Old Ball from St. Paul's Cathedral.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+N. Stairs leading to the outside of the Building. <i>a. b.</i>
+Sky-lights. <i>c.</i> Plaster Dome, on which the sky is painted,
+<i>d.</i> Canvass on which the part of the picture up to the horizon is
+painted. <i>e.</i> Gallery, suspended by ropes, used for painting the
+distance, and uniting the plaster and the canvas. <i>f.</i> Temporary
+Bridge from the Gallery G to the Gallery <i>e.</i> from the end of which
+the echo of the building might be heard to the greatest advantage.
+<i>g.</i> One of Fifteen Triangular Platforms, used for painting the
+sky. <i>h.</i> Platforms fixed on the ropes of the Gallery <i>e</i>,
+used for finishing and clouding the sky. <i>k.</i> Different methods
+for getting at the lower parts of the canvas. <i>l.</i> Baskets for
+conveying colours. &amp;c. to the artists, <i>m.</i> Cross or Shears, formed
+of two poles, from which a cradle or box is suspended, for finishing the
+picture after the removal of all the scaffolding and ropes.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Mr. Hornor, in his colossal undertaking, has "devised a mean" to draw us
+out of the way; and a successful one it has already proved. As a return
+for
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page98" name="page98"></a>[pg 98]</span>
+the interest which his enterprise has excited, we are, however,
+induced to present its details to our readers, as perfect as the limits
+of the MIRROR will allow; and for this purpose we have been favoured by
+Mr. Parris with the drawing for the annexed cut.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In No. 352, we gave a popular description of the interior of the
+Colosseum; but the reader's attention was therein directed to the
+splendid effect of the panorama or picture, whilst the means by which
+the painting was executed have been reserved for our present Number.
+This we have endeavoured to illustrate by the annexed engraving; and
+the explanation will be rendered still clearer by reference to No. 352,
+wherein we have given an outline of the difficulties with which the
+principal artist, Mr. Parris, had to contend in painting the panorama.
+We, however, omitted to state an obstacle equally formidable with the
+<i>reconciliation</i> of the styles of the several artists engaged to
+assist Mr. Parris. This additional source of perplexity was the great
+change, almost amounting to the vitrification of enamel colours, which
+occurred in the hues of the various pigments, according to the point of
+view, and the immense distance of the canvas from the spectator.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Besides furnishing the reader with the construction of the apartments,
+galleries, and ascents of the interior, the engraving presents some idea
+of the scaffoldings, bridges, platforms, and other mechanical
+contrivances requisite for the execution of the picture.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The spiral staircase, it will be seen, leads to the lower gallery for
+viewing the picture. Unconnected with the intermediate gallery, there is
+a communication from the lowest gallery to the highest, and thence to
+the refreshment-rooms and exterior of the dome. The ascent to the second
+price gallery is by a spiral staircase under those already mentioned.
+The column, or central erection, containing these staircases and
+the ascending-room, is of timber, with twelve principal uprights
+seventy-three feet high, one foot square, set upon a circular curb of
+brickwork, hooped with iron, and further secured by bracing, and by
+two other circular curbs, from the upper one of which rises a cone of
+timbers thirty-four feet high, supporting the refreshment-rooms, the
+identical ball, and model of the cross, of St. Paul's, Mr. Hornor's
+sketching cabin, staircase to the exterior, &amp;c. Without the circle of
+timbers already described, is another of twenty-four upright timbers;
+and between these two circles the staircases wind. The architectural
+fronts of the galleries form frame-works, through which the spectator
+may enjoy various parts of the panorama, as in so many distinct
+pictures.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The cut and appended references will explain the devices for painting
+better than a more extended description; for mere words do not
+facilitate the understanding of inventions which in themselves are
+beautiful and simple. To heighten the effect, our artist has, however,
+introduced light sketchy outlines of the campanile towers of St. Paul's,
+the city, and the distant country. Mr. Parris's task must have been one
+of extreme peril, and notwithstanding his ingenious contrivances of
+galleries, bridges, platforms, &amp;c. he fell twice from a considerable
+height; but in neither case was he seriously hurt. His progress reminds
+us of other grand flights to fame, but his success has been triumphant,
+and alike honourable to his genius and enterprise. In short, looking
+at the present advanced state of the Colosseum, Mr. Hornor and his
+indefatigable coadjutors may almost exclaim in the words of Dryden,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+  <p>  "Our toils, my friend, are crown'd with sure success:</p>
+  <p>  The greater part perform'd, achieve the less."</p>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+</div></div>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	DORCHESTER.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<p>
+St. Peter's church, Dorchester, is a handsome structure. There is a
+traditional rhyme about it which imports the founder of this church
+to have been Geoffery Van.
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Geoffery Van</p>
+           <p>   With his wife Anne</p>
+           <p>   And his maid Nan</p>
+           <p>   Built this church."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+But there was long since dug up in a garden here a large seal, with
+indisputable marks of antiquity, and this inscription:&mdash;"Sigillum
+Galfridi de Ann." It is therefore supposed, with some reason, that
+the founder's name was Ann.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A great number and variety of Roman coins have been dug up in this town,
+some of silver, others of copper, called by the common people, King
+Dorn's Pence; for they have a notion that one king Dorn was the founder
+of Dorchester.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+HALBERT H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	FIRE AT YORK CATHEDRAL.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Ut Rosa flos florum</p>
+           <p>  Sic est domus ista domorum.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>
+Such was the encomium bestowed on the venerable pile of York Minster by
+an
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page99" name="page99"></a>[pg 99]</span>
+   old monkish writer; but, alas! what a change is there in the space
+of a few short hours; what a scene of desolation, what a lesson of the
+instability of sublunary things and the vanity of human grandeur! The
+glory of the city of York, of England, yea, almost of Europe, is now,
+through the fanaticism of a modern Erostratus, rendered comparatively
+a pile of ruin; but still
+</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Looks great in ruin, noble in decay."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+This is the third time that this magnificent structure has been assailed
+by fire; twice it has been totally destroyed; but, like another phoenix,
+it has again risen from its ashes in a greater degree of splendour. A
+period of nearly seven hundred years has now elapsed since the last of
+these occurrences; and the present fabric has but now narrowly escaped
+sharing the fate of its predecessors.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The damage which the Minster has sustained is not, perhaps, of
+so great a magnitude as, from the first appearance of the fire, might
+have been anticipated. The destruction is principally confined to the
+<i>choir</i>, the roof of which is entirely consumed. The beautiful and
+elaborately carved <i>screen</i>,<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> which divides the choir from the
+nave, and forms a support for the organ-loft, has escaped in a most
+wonderful manner, a few of the more projecting ornaments being merely
+detached. The organ, an instrument scarcely equalled in tone by any
+other in Europe, is totally destroyed. The oaken stalls,<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> together
+with their richly carved canopies, have likewise perished. The altar
+table, which stood at the eastern end of the choir, on a raised
+pavement, ascended by a flight of fifteen steps, is likewise consumed,
+and the communion plate melted. The beautiful stone screen, which
+separated the Lady's Chapel from the altar, has not suffered so
+materially as was at first imagined. This elegant specimen of ancient
+sculpture is divided into eight pointed arches, and elaborately
+ornamented with tracery work: the lights were filled with plate glass,
+through which a fine view of the great eastern window was obtained;
+some pieces of which still remain uninjured.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Such are the principal parts of the cathedral which have suffered. The
+books, cushions, and other movable effects, from the northern side of
+the choir, were fortunately rescued, together with the brazen eagle,
+from which the prayers were read. The wills, and other valuable
+documents, were also preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The choir, the destruction of which we have just related, was built by
+John de Thoresby, a prelate, raised to the archiepiscopal chair in 1532.
+On this building he expended the then enormous sum of one thousand eight
+hundred and ten pounds out of his own private purse. The first stone
+was laid on the 29th of July, 1361; but the founder died before its
+completion, as is evident from the arms of several of his successors in
+various parts of the building, particularly those of Scrope and Bowet,
+the latter of whom was not created archbishop until the year 1405. It
+was constructed in a more florid style of architecture than the rest of
+the fabric. The roof, higher by some feet than that of the nave, was
+more richly ornamented, an elegant kind of festoon work descending from
+the capitals of the pillars, which separated the middle from the side
+aisles; from these columns sprung the vaulted roof, the ribs of which
+crossed each other in angular compartments. The magnificent window, the
+admiration of all beholders, occupies nearly the whole space of the
+eastern end of the choir; it is divided by two large mullions into
+three principal divisions, which are again subdivided into three lights;
+the upper part from the springing of the arches are also separated
+into various compartments. It contains nearly two hundred subjects,
+principally scriptural. The painting of this window was executed about
+the year 1405, at the expense of the dean and chapter, by John Thornton,
+a glazier, of Coventry, who, by his contract, was engaged to finish it
+within three years, and to receive four shillings per week for his
+work; he was also to have one hundred shillings besides; and also ten
+pounds more if he did his work well.<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a> On the exterior of the choir,
+immediately over the window, is the effigy of John de Thoresby, mitred
+and robed, and sitting in his archiepiscopal chair, his right hand
+pointing to the window, and in his left holding the model of a church.
+At the base of the window are the heads of Christ and the Apostles,
+with that of some sovereign, supposed to be Edward III.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We will now bring this article to a
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page100" name="page100"></a>[pg 100]</span>
+                                    close, by quoting the words of Æneas
+Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II., in praise of York Cathedral. He says,
+"It is famous all over the world for its magnificence and workmanship,
+but especially for a fine lightsome chapel, with shining walls, and
+small, thin-waisted pillars, quite round."<a id="footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a>
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4>
+S.I.B.
+</h4>
+
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE VINE.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HERDER.
+</center>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+On the day of their creation, the trees boasted one to another, of their
+excellence. "Me, the Lord planted!" said the lofty cedar;&mdash;"strength,
+fragrance, and longevity, he bestowed on me."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+"Jehovah fashioned me to be a blessing," said the shadowy palm;
+"utility and beauty he united in my form." The apple-tree, said, "Like
+a bridegroom among youths, I glow in my beauty amidst the trees of the
+grove!" The myrtle, said, "Like the rose among briars, so am I amidst
+the other shrubs." Thus all boasted;&mdash;the olive and the fig-tree&mdash;and
+even the fir.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The vine, alone, drooped silent to the ground! "To me," thought he,
+"every thing seems to have been refused;&mdash;I have neither stem&mdash;nor
+branches&mdash;nor flowers,&mdash;but such as <i>I am</i>, I will hope and wait."
+The vine bent down its shoots, and wept!
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Not long had the vine to wait; for, behold, the divinity of earth, man,
+drew nigh; he saw the feeble, helpless, plant trailing its honours along
+the soil:&mdash;in pity, he lifted up the recumbent shoots, and twined the
+feeble plant around his own bower.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Now the winds played with its leaves and tendrils; and the warmth of the
+sun began to empurple its hard green grapes, and to prepare within them
+a sweet and delicious juice.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Decked with its rich clusters, the vine leaned towards its master, who
+tasted its refreshing fruit and juicy beverage; and he named the vine,
+his friend and favourite.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Despair not, ye forsaken; bear&mdash;be patient,&mdash;and strive.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+From the insignificant reed flows the sweetest of juices;&mdash;from the
+bending vine springs the most delightful drink of the earth.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE SKETCH-BOOK.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>
+THE BATTLE OF NAVARINO.&mdash;BY AN OFFICER ENGAGED.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+(<i>Abridged from No. 2, of the United Service Journal.</i>)
+</center>
+
+
+<p>
+We had been cruizing off the coast of the Morea, for the protection of
+trading vessels, and to watch the motions of the numerous Greek pirates
+infesting the narrow seas and adjacent islands. For fourteen months we
+had been thus actively employed, when the arrival of the Albion and
+Genoa, from Lisbon, hinted to us, that some coercive measures were
+about to be used against the Turks, to cause them to discontinue the
+exterminating war they carried on against the Greeks, and to evacuate
+the country pursuant to the terms of the treaty of July, 1827. The
+prospect of a collision with the Turkish fleet appeared to be very
+agreeable to the ship's crew, as they had got a little tired of their
+long confinement on board, and anxiously looked for a speedy return to
+Malta to get ashore, which they had not been able to do for upwards of a
+year. We again proceeded on our protecting duty, and parted company with
+the admiral in the Asia. In about six weeks we returned, and found that
+many other British vessels had joined the Asia, whilst the squadrons of
+France and Russia added to the number of the fleet, which altogether
+presented an imposing attitude.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Turkish and Egyptian fleets had arrived from the unsuccessful
+attempt in the Gulf of Patras some time before, and lay off the Bay of
+Navarino, before they finally entered and took up a position within
+the harbour. While the Ottoman fleet lay off the bay, the Turkish
+troops were said to have committed many unjustifiable outrages on the
+defenceless inhabitants of the country adjacent to Navarino; information
+of these oppressive acts was conveyed to the British admiral, and, it
+is believed, formed the grounds of a strong remonstrance on his part,
+addressed to the Turkish commanders, which hastened the collision
+between the two armaments. These facts were generally known throughout
+the fleet, and a "<i>row</i>" was eagerly expected.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+About the beginning of October we had returned from our cruize; the men,
+ever since we had been in commission, had been daily exercised at the
+guns, and, by firing at marks, they had much improved in their practice.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Before entering the bay, the Ottoman fleet lay at the distance of ten or
+twelve miles from the Allies. They appeared numerous, with many small
+craft. Most
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page101" name="page101"></a>[pg 101]</span>
+            of them bore the crimson flag flying at their peak, and on
+coming closer, a crescent and sword were visible on the flags. Their
+ships looked well, and in tolerable order: the Egyptians were evidently
+superior to the Turks.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Little communication took place between the Allied and Turkish fleets.
+The Dartmouth had gone into the bay twice, bearing the terms proposed by
+the allied commanders to Ibrahim Pacha. No satisfactory answer had been
+returned by the Ottoman admiral, whose conduct appeared evasive and
+trifling, implying a contempt for our prowess, and daring us to do our
+worst.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Dartmouth having proceeded for the last time into the bay, with the
+final requisitions, and having brought back no satisfactory reply, on
+Saturday, the 20th of October, 1827, about noon, Admiral Codrington,
+favoured by a gentle sea-breeze, bore up under all sail for the mouth
+of the Bay of Navarino. A buzz ran instantly through the ship at the
+welcome intelligence of the admiral's bearing up; and I could easily
+perceive the hilarity and exultation of the seamen, and their impatience
+for the contest.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Our ship's crew was chiefly composed of young men, who had never seen a
+shot fired; yet, to judge from their manner, one would have thought them
+familiar with the business of fighting. The decks were then cleared for
+action, and the ship was quite ready, as we neared the mouth of the bay.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Asia led the fleet, and was the first to enter the bay, followed by
+the ships in two columns. This was about one o'clock, or rather later.
+Abreast of Sir Edward Codrington was the French admiral, distinguished
+by the large white flag at the mizen. Then came the Genoa and Albion,
+followed by the Dartmouth, Talbot, and brigs, along with the French and
+Russian squadrons, in more distant succession. Every sail was set, so
+that the vast crowd of canvass, that looked more bleached and glittering
+in the rays of the sun, and contrasted with the deep blue unclouded sky,
+presented a magnificent and spirit-stirring spectacle. The breeze was
+just powerful enough to carry the allied fleet forward at a gentle rate,
+and as the wind freshened a little at times, it had the effect of
+causing the ships to heel to one side in a graceful, undulating
+manner,&mdash;the various flags and pendants of the united nations puffing
+out occasionally from the mast-heads. The sea was smooth, the weather
+rather warm, and the air quite clear. As we neared the entrance of the
+bay, the land presented all around a rugged, steep appearance towards
+the sea. In the distance, the mountains were visible, of a light blue,
+with whitish clouds apparently resting on their summits. The town and
+castle of Navarino presented a bright, picturesque look, and some spots
+of cultivation were to be seen. In the interior there rose in the air
+what looked like the smoke of some conflagration, and such we all
+believed was the case, as the Turkish soldiery had been employed in
+ravaging the country, and carrying away the inhabitants. An encampment
+of tents lay near, close to the castle, and large bodies of soldiers
+were easily discernible crowding on the batteries as we approached. We
+were about five hundred yards distant from the castle. The breadth of
+the entrance was about a mile.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When the Asia had arrived abreast of this castle, a boat rowed from the
+shore, and came alongside of the Asia with a request from Ibraham Pacha,
+that the allied fleets would not enter the bay; and just about that
+time, an unshotted gun was fired from the castle, which we interpreted
+as a signal for the Ottoman fleet to prepare for action. Close to the
+mouth of the bay, the cluster of vessels was considerable, all bearing
+up under a press of sail, and in perfect order. Our ship was close on
+the Asia's quarter. No opposition was made to our progress by the
+batteries of Navarino, which was a matter of surprise to all, as the men
+were ready at their quarters in momentary expectation of being attacked.
+To the spectators on the battlements our fleet must have presented a
+beautiful, though a formidable, appearance.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As soon as we had cleared the mouth of the bay, the Turko-Egyptian
+fleet was seen ranged round from right to left, in the form of an
+extensive crescent, in two lines, each ship with springs on her cables.
+Thus the combined fleets were in the centre of the lion's den, and
+the lists might be said to have been closed. The Asia, on passing the
+mouth of Navarino, sailed onwards to where the Turkish and Egyptian
+line-of-battle ships lay at anchor about three-quarters of a mile
+farther up the bay, and anchored close abreast one of their largest
+ships, bearing the flag of the Capitan Bey. The Genoa took her station
+near the Asia, whilst the Albion followed; but the Turks being so
+closely wedged together, she could not find space to pass between them
+to her appointed berth. The ship of the Egyptian Admiral lay as close to
+the Asia as that of the Capitan Bey: a large double-banked frigate was
+also near: all these three ships being moored in front of the crescent
+close upon the Asia and the
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page102" name="page102"></a>[pg 102]</span>
+                            Genoa. The wind by this time had almost
+died away, consequently the Albion had to anchor close alongside the
+double-banked frigate. This failing of the wind retarded considerably
+the progress of the ships, which had not yet entered the bay,
+particularly the Russian ships, and several of ours, which came later
+into action, and had to encounter the firing of the artillery of the
+castle.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Egyptian fleet lay to the south-east; and, as it was well known that
+several French officers were serving on board, the French Admiral was
+appointed to place his squadron abreast of them. It appears, however,
+that, with one exception, all these Frenchmen quitted the Egyptian
+fleet, and went on board an Austrian transport which lay off the coast.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The post assigned to the Cambrian, Talbot, and Glasgow, along with the
+French frigate Armide, was alongside of the Turkish frigates at the
+left of the crescent on entering into the bay; whilst the Dartmouth,
+Musquito, the Rose, and Philomel, were ordered to keep a sharp look-out
+on the several fireships lurking suspiciously at the extremities of the
+crescent, and apparently ripe for mischief.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was strictly enjoined in the orders, that no gun was to be fired,
+without a signal to that effect made by the Admiral, unless it should be
+in return for shots fired at us by the Turkish fleet. Each ship was to
+anchor with springs on her cables, if time allowed; and the orders
+concluded with the memorable words of Nelson,&mdash;"No captain can do
+very wrong who places his ship alongside of any enemy."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was about two o'clock when we arrived at our station on the left of
+the bay, and anchored. The men were immediately sent aloft to furl the
+sails, which operation lasted a few minutes. Whilst so employed, the
+Dartmouth, distant about half a mile from our ship, had sent a boat,
+commanded by Lieut. Fitzroy, to request the fireship to remove from her
+station; a fire of musketry ensued from the fireship into the boat,
+killing the officer and several men. This brought on a return of
+small-arms from the Dartmouth and Syrene. Capt. Davis, of the Rose,
+having witnessed the firing of the Turkish vessel, went in one of his
+boats to assist that of the Dartmouth; and the crew of these two boats
+were in the act of climbing up the sides of the fireship, when she
+instantly exploded with a tremendous concussion, blowing the men into
+the water, and killing and disabling several in the boats close
+alongside. Just about this time, and before the men had descended from
+the yards, an Egyptian double-banked frigate poured a broadside into our
+ship. The captain gave instant orders to fire away; and the broadside
+was returned with terrible effect, every shot striking the hull of the
+Egyptian frigate. The men were now hastily descending the shrouds, while
+the captain sung out, "Now, my lads! down to the main-deck, and fire
+away as fast as you can." The seamen cheered loudly as they fired the
+first broadside, and continued to do so at intervals during the action.
+The battle had actually commenced to windward before the Asia and the
+Ottoman admiral had exchanged a single shot; and the action in that part
+of the bay was brought on in nearly a similar manner as in ours, by the
+Turks firing into the boat dispatched by Sir E. Codrington to explain
+the mediatorial views of the Allies. The Greek pilot had been killed;
+and ere the Asia's boat had reached the ship, the firing was unremitting
+between the Asia, Genoa, and Albion, and the Turkish ships. About
+half-past two o'clock, the battle had become general throughout the
+whole lines, and the cannonade was one uninterrupted crash, louder than
+any thunder. Previous to the Egyptian frigate firing into us, the men,
+not engaged in furling the sails, had stripped themselves to their
+duck-frocks, and were binding their black-silk neckcloths round
+their heads and waists, and some upon their left knees.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Egyptian frigate, which had fired into our ship was distant about
+half a cable's length. Near her was another of the same large class,
+together with a Turkish frigate and a corvette. These four ships poured
+their broadsides into us without intermission for nearly a quarter of an
+hour; but after a few rounds their firing became irregular and hasty,
+and many of their shots injured our rigging. At the first broadside we
+received, two men near me were instantly struck dead on the deck. There
+was no appearance of any wounds upon them, but they never stirred a
+limb; and their bodies, after lying a little beside the gun at which
+they had been working, were dragged amid-ships. Several of the men were
+now severely wounded.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We were near enough to distinguish the Turkish and Egyptian sailors in
+the enemy's ships. They seemed to be a motley group. Most of them wore
+turbans of white, with a red cap below, small brown jackets, and very
+wide trousers; their legs were bare. They were active, brawny fellows,
+of a dark-brown complexion, and they crowded the Turkish ships, which
+accounts for the very great slaughter we occasioned among them. Many
+dead bodies were
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page103" name="page103"></a>[pg 103]</span>
+                 tumbled through their port-holes into the sea.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Capt. Hugon, commanding the French frigate L'Armide, about three
+o'clock, seeing the unequal, but unflinching combat we were maintaining,
+wormed his ship coolly and deliberately through the Turkish inner line,
+in such a gallant, masterly style, as never for one moment to obstruct
+the fire of our ship upon our opponents. He then anchored on our
+starboard-quarter, and fired a broadside into one of the Turkish
+frigates, thus relieving us of one of our foes, which, in about ten
+minutes, struck to the gallant Frenchman; who, on taking possession, in
+the most handsome manner, hoisted our flag along with his own, to show
+he had but completed the work we had begun. The skill, gallantry, and
+courtesy of the French captain, were the subject of much talk amongst
+us, and we were loud in his praise. We had still two of the frigates
+and the corvette to contend with, whilst the Armide was engaged, when
+a Russian line-of-battle-ship came up, and attracted the attention of
+another Egyptian frigate, and thus drew off her fire from us. Our men
+had now a breathing time, and they poured broadside upon broadside into
+the Egyptian frigate, which had been our first assailant. The rapidity
+and intensity of our concentrated fire soon told upon the vessel. Her
+guns were irregularly served, and many shots struck our rigging. Our
+round-shot, which were pointed to sink her, passed through her sides,
+and frequently tore up her decks in rebounding. In a short time she was
+compelled to haul down her colours, and ceased firing. We learned
+afterwards, that her decks were covered with nearly one hundred and
+fifty dead and wounded men, and the deck itself ripped up from the
+effects of our balls. In the interim, the corvette, which had annoyed us
+exceedingly during the action, came in for her share of our notice, and
+we managed to repay her in some style for the favours she had bestowed
+on us in the heat of the business. Orders were then issued for the men
+to cease firing for a few minutes, until the Rose had passed between our
+ship and the corvette, and had stationed herself in such a position as
+to annoy the latter in conjunction with us. Our firing was then renewed
+with redoubled fury, The men, during the pause, had leisure to quench
+their thirst from the tank which stood on the deck, and they appeared
+greatly refreshed&mdash;I may say, almost exhilarated, and to their work
+they merrily went again.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The double-banked Egyptian frigate, which had struck her colours to us,
+to our astonishment began, after having been silenced for some time, to
+open a smart fire on our ships, though she had no colours flying. The
+men were exceedingly exasperated at such treacherous conduct, and they
+poured into her two severe broadsides, which effectually silenced her,
+and at the moment we saw that a blue ensign was run up her mast, on
+which we ceased cannonading her, and she never fired another gun during
+the remainder of the action. It was a Greek pilot, pressed on board the
+Egyptian, who ran up the English ensign, to prevent our ship from firing
+again. He declared that our shot came into the frigate as thick and
+rapidly as a hail-storm, and so terrified the crew, that they all ran
+below. From the combined effects of our firing, and that of the Russian
+ship, the other Egyptian frigate hauled down her colours. The corvette,
+which was roughly handled by the Rose, was driven on shore, and there
+destroyed.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Before this, however, a Turkish fireship approached us, having seemingly
+no one on board. We fired into her, and in a few minutes she loudly
+exploded astern, without doing us any damage. The concussion was
+tremendous, shaking the ship through every beam. Another fireship came
+close to the Philomel which soon sunk her, and in the very act of going
+down she exploded.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A large ship near the Asia was now seen to be on fire; the blaze flamed
+up as high as the topmast, and soon became one vast sheet of fire; in
+that state she continued for a short time. The crew could be easily
+discerned gliding about across the light; and, after a horrible
+suspense, she blew up, with an explosion far louder and more stunning
+than the ships which had done so in our vicinity. The smoke and lurid
+flame ascended to a vast height in the air; beams, masts, and pieces of
+the hull, along with human figures in various distorted postures, were
+clearly distinguishable in the air.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It was now almost dark, and the action had ceased to be general
+throughout the lines; but blaze rose upon blaze, and explosion thundered
+upon explosion, in various parts of the bay. A pretty sharp cannonading
+had been kept up between the guns of the castle and the ships entering
+the bay, and that firing still continued. The smaller Turkish vessels,
+forming the second line, were now nearly silenced, and several exhibited
+signs of being on fire, from the thick light-coloured smoke that rose
+from their decks.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The action had nearly terminated by six o'clock, after a duration of
+four hours. Daylight had disappeared unperceived, owing to the dense
+smoke of the
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page104" name="page104"></a>[pg 104]</span>
+             cannonading, which, from the cessation of the firing,
+now began to clear away, and showed us a clouded sky. The bay was
+illuminated in various quarters by the numerous burning ships, which
+rendered the sight one of the most sublime and magnificent that could
+be imagined.
+</p>
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>
+	MEMORABLE DAYS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+VALENTINE'S DAY.
+</h3>
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Seynte <i>Valentine</i>. Of custome, yeere by yeere,</p>
+<p class="i2">    Men have an usaunce, in this regioun,</p>
+           <p>  To loke and serche Cupide's kalendere,</p>
+<p class="i2">    And chose theyr choyse, by grete affeccioun;</p>
+<p class="i2">    Such as ben <i>move</i> with Cupide's mocioun,</p>
+           <p>  Taking theyr choyse as theyr sorte doth falle;</p>
+           <p>  But I love oon whyche excellith alle.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h4>
+LYDGATE'S <i>Poem of Queen Catherine, consort to Henry V.</i>, 1440.
+</h4>
+
+
+<p>
+In some villages in Kent there is a singular custom observed on St.
+Valentine's day. The young maidens, from five or six to eighteen years
+of age, assemble in a crowd, and burn an uncouth effigy, which they
+denominate a "<i>holly boy</i>," and which they obtain from the boys;
+while in another part of the village the boys burn an equally ridiculous
+effigy, which they call an "ivy girl," and which they steal from the
+girls. The oldest inhabitants can give you no reason or account of this
+curious practice, though it is always a sport at this season.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Numerous are the sports and superstitions concerning the day in
+different parts of England. In some parts of Dorsetshire the young folks
+purchase wax candles, and let them remain lighted all night in the
+bedroom. I learned this from some old Dorsetshire friends of mine, who,
+however, could throw no further <i>light</i> upon the subject. In the
+same county, I was also informed it was in many places customary for the
+maids to hang up in the kitchen a bunch of such flowers as were then in
+season, neatly suspended by a true lover's knot of blue riband. These
+innocent doings are prevalent in other parts of England, and elsewhere.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Misson, a learned traveller, relates an amusing practice which was kept
+up in his time:&mdash;"On the eve of St. Valentine's day, the young folks in
+England and Scotland, by a very ancient custom, celebrated a little
+festival. An equal number of maids and bachelors assemble together; all
+write their true or some feigned name separately upon as many billets,
+which they rolled up, and drew by way of lots, the maids taking the
+men's billets, and the men the maids'; so that each of the young men
+lights upon a girl that he calls his Valentine, and each of the girls
+upon a young man which she calls her's. By this means each has two
+Valentines; but the man sticks faster to the Valentine that falls to
+him, than to the Valentine to whom he has fallen. Fortune having thus
+divided the company into so many couples, the Valentines give balls and
+treats to their fair mistresses, wear their billets several days upon
+their bosoms or sleeves, and this little sport often ends in love."
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In Poor Robin's Almanack, 1676, the <i>drawing</i> of Valentines is thus
+alluded to:
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Now Andrew, Antho-</p>
+<p class="i2">    Ny, and William,</p>
+           <p>  For Valentines <i>draw</i></p>
+<p class="i2">    Prue, Kate, Jilian."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Gay makes mention of a method of choosing Valentines in his time, viz.
+that the lad's Valentine was the first lass he spied in the morning, who
+was not an inmate of the house; and the lass's Valentine was the first
+young man she met.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Also, it is a belief among certain playful damsels, that if they pin
+four bay leaves to the corners of the pillow, and the fifth in the
+middle, they are certain of dreaming of their lover.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Shakspeare bears witness to the custom of looking out of window for a
+Valentine, or desiring to be one, by making Ophelia sing:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Good morrow! 'tis St. Valentine's day,</p>
+<p class="i2">    All in the morning betime,</p>
+           <p>  And I a maid at your window.</p>
+<p class="i2">    To be your Valentine!</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+In London this day is ushered in by the thundering knock of the postman
+at the different doors, through whose hands some thousands of Valentines
+pass for many a fair maiden in the course of the day. Valentines are,
+however, getting very ridiculous, if we may go by the numerous doggrels
+that appear in the print-shops on this day. As an instance, I transmit
+the reader a copy of some lines appended to a Valentine sent me last
+year. Under the figure of a shoemaker, with a head thrice the size of
+his body, and his legs forming an oval, were the following rhymes:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Do you think to be my Valentine?</p>
+           <p>  Oh, no! you snob, you shan't be mine:</p>
+           <p>  So big your ugly head has grown,</p>
+           <p>  No wig will fit to seem your own</p>
+           <p>  Go, find your equal if you can,</p>
+           <p>  For I will ne'er have such a man;</p>
+           <p>  Your fine <i>bow</i> legs and turned-in feet,</p>
+           <p>  Make you a <i>citizen</i> complete."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The <i>fair</i> writer had here evidently ventured upon a pun; how far
+it has succeeded I will leave others to say. The lovely creature was,
+however, entirely ignorant of my calling; and whatever impression such
+a description would leave on the reader's mind, it made none on mine,
+though in the second verse I was certainly much pleased with the fair
+punster. I wish you saw the engraving!
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+W.H.H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page105" name="page105"></a>[pg 105]</span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+<a href="images/356-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/356-2.png"
+alt="Kirkstall Abbey." /></a>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The first page or frontispiece embellisment of the present Number of the
+MIRROR illustrates one of the most recent triumphs of art; and the above
+vignette is a fragment of the monastic splendour of the twelfth century.
+Truly this is the <i>bathos</i> of art. The plaster and paint of the
+<i>Colosseum</i> are scarcely dry, and half the work is in embryo;
+whilst <i>Kirkstall</i> is crumbling to dust, and reading us "sermons in
+stones:" we may well say,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Look here, upon this picture, and on this."</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+Kirkstall Abbey is situated a short distance from Leeds, in the West
+Riding of Yorkshire. Its situation is one of the most picturesque that
+the children of romance can wish for, being in a beautiful vale, watered
+by the river Aire. It was of the Cistercian order, founded by Henry de
+Lacy in 1157, and valued at the dissolution at 329l. 2s. 11d. Its rents
+are now worth 10,253l. 6s. 8d. The gateway has been walled up, and
+converted into a farm-house. The abbot's palace was on the south; the
+roof of the aisle is entirely gone; places for six altars, three on each
+side the high altar, appear by distinct chapels, but to what saints
+dedicated is not easy, at this time, to discover. The length of the
+church, from east to west, was 224 feet; the transept, from north to
+south, 118 feet. The tower, built in the time of Henry VIII., remained
+entire till January 27, 1779, when three sides of it were blown down,
+and only the fourth remains. Part of an arched chamber, leading to the
+cemetery, and part of the dormitory, still remain. On the ceiling of a
+room in the gatehouse is inscribed,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  Mille et Quingentos postquam compleverit Orbis</p>
+           <p>  Tuq: et ter demos per sua signi Deus</p>
+           <p>  Prima sauluteferi post cunabula Christi,</p>
+           <p>  Cui datur omnium Honor, Gloria, Laus, et Amor.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+The principal window is particularly admired as a rich specimen of
+Gothic beauty, and a tourist, in 1818, says, "bids defiance to time
+and tempest;" but in our engraving, which is of very recent date, the
+details of the window will be sought for in vain. "Shrubs and trees,"
+observes the same writer, "have found a footing in the crevices, and
+branches from the walls shook in undulating monotony, and with a gloomy
+and spiritual murmur, that spoke to the ear of time and events gone by,
+and lost in oblivion and dilapidation. At the end, immediately beneath
+the colossal window, grows an alder of considerable luxuriance, which,
+added to the situation of every other object, brought Mr. Southey's
+pathetic ballad of 'Mary the Maid of the Inn,' so forcibly before my
+imagination,<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> that I involuntarily turned my eye to search for the
+grave, where the murderers concealed their victim." He likewise tells
+us of "the former garden of the
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page106" name="page106"></a>[pg 106]</span>
+                                monastery, still cultivated, and
+exhibiting a fruitful appearance;" cells and cavities covered with
+underwood; and his ascent to a gallery by a winding turret stair,
+whence, says he, "the monks of Kirkstall feasted their eyes with all
+that was charming in nature. It is said," adds he, "that a subterraneous
+passage existed from hence to Eshelt Hall, a distance of some miles,
+and that the entrance is yet traced."
+</p>
+
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE NATURALIST.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+AMERICAN SONG BIRDS.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The <i>Mocking-bird</i> seems to be the prince of all song birds, being
+altogether unrivalled in the extent and variety of his vocal powers;
+and, besides the fulness and melody of his original notes, he has the
+faculty of imitating the notes of all other birds, from the humming-bird
+to the eagle. Pennant tells us that he heard a caged one, in England,
+imitate the mewing of a cat and the creaking of a sign in high winds.
+The Hon. Daines Barrington says, his pipe comes nearest to the
+nightingale, of any bird he ever heard. The description, however, given
+by Wilson, in his own inimitable manner, as far excels Pennant and
+Barrington as the bird excels his fellow-songsters. Wilson tells that
+the ease, elegance and rapidity of his movements, the animation of his
+eye, and the intelligence he displays in listening and laying up
+lessons, mark the peculiarity of his genius. His voice is full, strong,
+and musical, and capable of almost every modulation, from the clear
+mellow tones of the wood thrush to the savage scream of the bald eagle.
+In measure and accents he faithfully follows his originals, while in
+force and sweetness of expression he greatly improves upon them.
+In his native woods, upon a dewy morning, his song rises above every
+competitor, for the others seem merely as inferior accompaniments. His
+own notes are bold and full, and varied seemingly beyond all limits.
+They consist of short expressions of two, three, or at most five or six,
+syllables, generally expressed with great emphasis and rapidity, and
+continued with undiminished ardour, for half an hour or an hour at a
+time. While singing, he expands his wings and his tail, glistening with
+white, keeping time to his own music, and the buoyant gaiety of his
+action is no less fascinating than his song. He sweeps round with
+enthusiastic ecstasy, he mounts and descends as his song swells or dies
+away; he bounds aloft, as Bartram says, with the celerity of an arrow,
+as if to recover or recall his very soul, expired in the last elevated
+strain. A bystander might suppose that the whole feathered tribes had
+assembled together on a trial of skill; each striving to produce his
+utmost effect, so perfect are his imitations. He often deceives the
+sportsman, and even birds themselves are sometimes imposed upon by this
+admirable mimic. In confinement he loses little of the power or energy
+of his song. He whistles for the dog; Cæsar starts up, wags his tail,
+and runs to meet his master. He cries like a hurt chicken, and the hen
+hurries about, with feathers on end, to protect her injured brood. He
+repeats the tune taught him, though it be of considerable length, with
+great accuracy. He runs over the notes of the canary, and of the red
+bird, with such superior execution and effect, that the mortified
+songsters confess his triumph by their silence. His fondness for
+variety, some suppose to injure his song. His imitations of the brown
+thrush is often interrupted by the crowing of cocks; and his exquisite
+warblings after the blue bird, are mingled with the screaming of
+swallows, or the cackling of hens. During moonlight, both in the wild
+and tame state, he sings the whole night long. The hunters, in their
+night excursions, know that the moon is rising the instant they begin to
+hear his delightful solo. After Shakspeare, Barrington attributes in
+part the exquisiteness of the nightingale's song to the silence of the
+night; but if so, what are we to think of the bird which in the open
+glare of day, overpowers and often silences all competition? His natural
+notes partake of a character similar to those of the brown thrush, but
+they are more sweet, more expressive, more varied, and uttered with
+greater rapidity.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Yellow breasted Chat</i> naturally follows his superior in the
+art of mimicry. When his haunt is approached, he scolds the passenger in
+a great variety of odd and uncouth monosyllables, difficult to describe,
+but easily imitated so as to deceive the bird himself, and draw him
+after you to a good distance. At first are heard short notes like the
+whistling of a duck's wings, beginning loud and rapid, and becoming
+lower and slower, till they end in detached notes. There succeeds
+something like the barking of young puppies, followed by a variety of
+guttural sounds, and ending like the mewing of a cat, but much hoarser.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The song of the <i>Baltimore Oriole</i> is little less remarkable than
+his fine appearance, and the ingenuity with which he builds his nest.
+His notes consist of a clear mellow whistle, repeated at short intervals
+as he gleams among the branches.
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page107" name="page107"></a>[pg 107]</span>
+                                  There is in it a certain wild
+plaintiveness and <i>naïveté</i> extremely interesting. It is not uttered
+with rapidity, but with the pleasing tranquillity of a careless
+ploughboy, whistling for amusement. Since the streets of some of the
+American towns have been planted with Lombardy poplars, the orioles are
+constant visiters, chanting their native "wood notes wild," amid the din
+of coaches, wheelbarrows, and sometimes within a few yards of a bawling
+oysterwoman.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Virginian Nightingale</i>, <i>Red Bird</i>, or <i>Cardinal
+Grosbeak</i>, has great clearness, variety, and melody in his notes,
+many of which resemble the higher notes of a fife, and are nearly as
+loud. He sings from March till September, and begins early in the dawn,
+and repeating a favourite stanza twenty or thirty times successively,
+and often for a whole morning together, till, like a good story too
+frequently repeated, it becomes quite tiresome. He is very sprightly,
+and full of vivacity; yet his notes are much inferior to those of the
+wood, or even of the brown thrush.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The whole song of the <i>Black-throated Bunting</i> consists of five, or
+rather two, notes; the first repeated twice and very slowly, the third
+thrice and rapidly, resembling <i>chip</i>, <i>chip</i>, <i>che-che-che</i>;
+of which ditty he is by no means parsimonious, but will continue it for
+hours successively. His manners are much like those of the European
+yellow-hammer, sitting, while he sings, on palings and low bushes.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The song of the <i>Rice Bird</i> is highly musical. Mounting and
+hovering on the wing, at a small height above the ground, he chants out
+a jingling melody of varied notes, as if half a dozen birds were singing
+together. Some idea may be formed of it, by striking the high keys of a
+piano-forte singly and quickly, making as many contrasts as possible, of
+high and low notes. Many of the tones are delightful, but the ear can
+with difficulty separate them. The general effect of the whole is good;
+and when ten or twelve are singing on the same tree, the concert is
+singularly pleasing.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Red-eyed Flycatcher</i> has a loud, lively, and energetic song,
+which is continued sometimes for an hour without intermission. The
+notes are, in short emphatic bars of two, three, or four syllables.
+On listening to this bird, in his full ardour of song, it requires but
+little imagination to fancy you hear the words "Tom Kelly! whip! Tom
+Kelly!'" very distinctly; and hence Tom Kelly is the name given to the
+bird in the West Indies.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Crested Titmouse</i> possesses a remarkable variety in the tones
+of its voice, at one time not louder than the squeaking of a mouse, and
+in a moment after whistling aloud and clearly, as if calling a dog, and
+continuing this dog-call through the woods for half an hour at a time.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The <i>Red-breasted Blue Bird</i> has a soft, agreeable, and often
+repeated warble, uttered with opening and quivering wings. In his
+courtship he uses the tenderest expressions, and caresses his mate by
+sitting close by her, and singing his most endearing warblings. If a
+rival appears, he attacks him with fury, and having driven him away,
+returns to pour out a song of triumph. In autumn his song changes to a
+simple plaintive note, which is heard in open weather all winter, though
+in severe weather the bird is never to be seen.&mdash;<i>Mag. Nat. Hist.</i>
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	THE JOHN DORY.
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>
+In the 312th Number of the <i>Mirror</i>, several solutions are given of
+the name of a well-known and high-priced fish, the John Dory, or Jaune
+Dorée. Sir Joseph Banks's observation, that it should be spelled and
+acknowledged "adorée," because it is the most valuable (or worshipful)
+of fish, as requiring no sauce, is equally absurd and unwarranted; for
+so far from its being incapable of improvement from such adjuncts, its
+relish is materially augmented by any one of the three most usual side
+tureens. The dory attains its fullest growth in the Adriatic, and is a
+favourite dish in Venice, where, as in all the Italian ports of the
+Mediterranean, it is called Janitore, or the gate-keeper, by which title
+St. Peter is most commonly designated among the Catholics, as being the
+reputed keeper of the keys of heaven. In this respect, the name tallies
+with the superstitious legend of this being the fish out of whose mouth
+the apostle took the tribute money. The breast of the animal is very
+much flattened, as if it had been compressed; but, unfortunately for the
+credit of the monks, this feature is exhibited in equally strong
+lineaments by, at least, twenty other varieties of the finny tribe.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Our sailors naturally substituted the appellation of John Dory for the
+Italian Janitore, and a very high price is sometimes given for this fish
+when in prime condition, as I can testify from experience; having two
+years since seen one at Ramsgate which was sold early in the day for
+eighteen shillings.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+JOHNNY RAW.
+</h4>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page108" name="page108"></a>[pg 108]</span>
+</p>
+
+<h2>
+<i>THE SELECTOR,</i><br />
+AND<br />
+LITERARY NOTICES OF<br />
+<i>NEW WORKS.</i>
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+"Anecdotes correspond in literature with the sauces, the savoury dishes,
+and the sweetmeats of a splendid banquet;" and as our weekly sheet is a
+sort of <i>literary fricassee</i>, the following may not be unacceptable
+to the reader. They are penciled from a work quaintly enough entitled
+"The Living and the Dead, by a Country Curate;" and equally strange,
+the cognomen of the author is not a <i>ruse</i>&mdash;he being a curate
+at Liverpool, the son of Dr. Adam Neale, and a nephew of the late
+Mr. Archibald Constable, the eminent publisher, of Edinburgh. The
+information which this volume contains, may therefore be received with
+greater confidence than is usually attached to flying anecdotes; since
+Mr. Constable's frequent and familiar intercourse with the first
+literary characters of his time must have given him peculiar facilities
+of observation of their personal habits. The present volume of "The
+Living and the Dead" is what the publisher terms the Second Series; for,
+like Buck, the turncoat actor, booksellers always think that one good
+turn deserves another. Our first extracts relate to Chantrey's monument
+in Lichfield Cathedral, and another of rival celebrity.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+At the retired church of Ashbourne is "a remarkable monument", by Banks,
+to the memory of a very lovely and intelligent little girl, a baronet's
+only child. It bears an inscription which, to use the mildest term, as
+it contains not the slightest reference to Christian hopes, should have
+been refused admittance within a Christian church. To the sentiments
+it breathes, Paine himself, had he been alive, could have raised no
+objection. * * * * The figure, which is recumbent, is that of a little
+girl; the attitude exquisitely natural and graceful. It recalls most
+forcibly to the recollection Chantrey's far-famed monument in Lichfield
+Cathedral; for the resemblance, both in design and execution, between
+these beautiful specimens of art is close and striking.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Previous to his executing that most magnificent yet most touching piece
+of sculpture, which alone would have sufficed to immortalize his name,
+Chantrey was, at his own request, locked up alone in the church for two
+hours. This fact may be apocryphal; but the following I do affirm most
+confidently. When I hinted to the venerable matron who shows the
+monument, and who, being a retainer of the Boothby family, feels their
+honour identified with her own, that Chantrey's was by far the finer
+effort of the two, and that I wished I had that yet to see; and my
+companion added, that though the design of the Boothby monument was
+good, the execution was coarse and clumsy in the extreme, compared with
+the elaborate finish of the Robinson's. "Humph," said the old lady, with
+a most vinegar expression of countenance, with a degree of angry
+hauteur, an air of insulted dignity that Yates would have travelled
+fifty miles to witness; "the like of that's what I now hear every day.
+Hang that fellow Chantee, or Cantee, or what you call him; I wish he
+had never been born!" The Ashbourne people are naturally proud of the
+monument. With them it is a kind of idol, to which every stranger is
+required to do homage. Among others, when Prince Leopold passed through
+Ashbourne, and inquiries were made by some of his royal highness's suite
+as to the "lions" of the neighbourhood&mdash;"We have one of our own, Sir,"
+was the ready reply; "a noble piece of sculpture in the church." To the
+church the royal mourner was on the very point of repairing, when Sir
+Robert Gardiner suddenly inquired the description to which the sculpture
+in question belonged. "It is a monument, Sir, no one passes through
+without seeing it; for its like is not to be met with in England&mdash;it is
+a monument to an only child, whose mother died&mdash;" "Not now," said the
+prince faintly; "not now. I too have lost&mdash;" and he turned away from
+the carriage in tears.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>
+	MR. CANNING.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+It may be observed, too, by the way, that to Ashbourne the late Mr.
+Canning was remarkably partial. Near it lived a female relative to whom
+he was warmly attached, and under whose roof many of his happiest hours
+were spent. It is stated, that a little poem, entitled, "A Spring
+Morning in Dovedale," one of the earliest efforts of his muse, is still
+in existence; and I have good reasons for knowing, that but a very few
+weeks previous to his death, he stated, in conversation, what delight
+he should feel in "going into that neighbourhood, and revisiting haunts
+which to him had been scenes of almost unalloyed enjoyment." I could
+scarcely believe, so exquisitely tranquil is the scene, the very murmur
+of the stream which flows around seems to soften itself in unison with
+the stillness of the landscape&mdash;that Ashbourne had ever been other than
+the abode of rural
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page109" name="page109"></a>[pg 109]</span>
+                   peace and comfort; and yet I was assured that during
+the war there was scarcely any limit to the bustle and gaiety which
+pervaded it.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	MR. MOORE, THE POET.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+At Mayfield, near Ashbourne, is a cottage where Moore, it is stated,
+composed <i>Lalla Rookh</i>. "For some years this distinguished poet
+lived at the neighbouring village of Mayfield; and there was no end to
+the pleasantries and anecdotes that were floating about its coteries
+respecting him; no limit to the recollections which existed of the
+peculiarities of the poet, of the wit and drollery of the man. Go where
+you would, his literary relics were pointed out to you. One family
+possessed pens; and oh! Mr. Bramah! such pens! they would have borne a
+comparison with Miss Mitford's; and those who are acquainted with that
+lady's literary implements and accessaries will admit this is no
+common-place praise&mdash;pens that wrote "Paradise and the Peri" in <i>Lalia
+Rookh</i>! Another showed you a glove torn up into thin shreds in the
+most even and regular manner possible; each shred being in breadth
+about the eighth of an inch, and the work of the <i>teeth</i>! Pairs
+were demolished in this way during the progress of the <i>Life of
+Sheridan</i>. A third called your attention to a note written in a
+strain of the most playful banter, and announcing the next "tragi-comedy
+meeting." A fourth repeated a merry impromptu; and a fifth played a very
+pathetic air, composed and adapted for some beautiful lines of Mrs.
+Opie's. But to return to Mayfield. Our desire to go over the cottage
+which he had inhabited was irresistible. It is neat, but very small, and
+remarkable for nothing except combining a most sheltered situation with
+the most extensive prospect. Still one had pleasure in going over it,
+and peeping into the little book-room, ycleped the "Poet's Den," from
+which so much true poetry had issued to delight and amuse mankind. But
+our satisfaction was not without its portion of alloy. As we approached
+the cottage, a figure scarcely human appeared at one of the windows.
+Unaware that it was again inhabited, we hesitated about entering; when a
+livid, half-starved visage presented itself through the lattice, and a
+thin, shrill voice discordantly ejaculated,&mdash;"Come in, gentlemen, come
+in. <i>Don't be afeard!</i> I'm only a tailor at work on the premises."
+This villanous salutation damped sadly the illusion of the scene;
+and it was some time before we rallied sufficiently from this horrible
+desecration to descend to the poet's walk in the shrubbery, where,
+pacing up and down the live-long morning, he composed his <i>Lalla
+Rookh</i>. It is a little confined gravel-walk, in length about twenty
+paces; so narrow, that there is barely room on it for two persons to
+walk abreast: bounded on one side by a straggling row of stinted
+laurels, on the other by some old decayed wooden paling; at the end of
+it was a huge haystack. Here, without prospect, space, fields, flowers,
+or natural beauties of any description, was that most imaginative poem
+conceived, planned, and executed. It was at Mayfield, too, that those
+bitter stanzas were written on the death of Sheridan. There is a curious
+circumstance connected with them; they were sent to Perry, the
+well-known editor of the <i>Morning Chronicle</i>. Perry, though no
+stickler in a general way, was staggered at the venom of two stanzas, to
+which I need not more particularly allude, and wrote to inquire whether
+he might be permitted to omit them. The reply which he received was
+shortly this: "You may insert the lines in the <i>Chronicle</i> or not,
+as you please; I am perfectly indifferent about it; but if you <i>do</i>
+insert them, it must be <i>verbatim</i>." Mr. Moore's fame would not
+have suffered by their suppression; his heart would have been a gainer.
+Some of his happiest efforts are connected with the localities of
+Ashbourne. The beautiful lines beginning
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Those evening bells, those evening bells,"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+were suggested, it is said, by hearing the Ashboume peal; and sweetly
+indeed do they sound at that distance, "both mournfully and slow;" while
+those exquisitely touching stanzas,
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  "Weep not for those whom the veil of the tomb</p>
+           <p>   In life's happy morning hath hid from our eyes,"</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+<p>
+were avowedly written on the sister of an Ashbourne gentleman, Mr. P&mdash;&mdash;
+B&mdash;&mdash;. But to his drolleries. He avowed on all occasions an utter horror
+of ugly women. He was heard, one evening, to observe to a lady, whose
+person was pre-eminently plain, but who, nevertheless, had been
+anxiously doing her little endeavours to attract his attention,
+"I cannot endure an ugly woman. I'm sure I could never live with one.
+A man that marries an ugly woman cannot be happy." The lady observed,
+that "such an observation she could not permit to pass without remark.
+She knew many plain couples who lived most happily."&mdash;"Don't talk of
+it," said the wit; "don't talk of it. It cannot be."&mdash;"But I tell you,"
+said the lady, who became all at once both piqued and positive, "it can
+be, and it is. I will name individuals so
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page110" name="page110"></a>[pg 110]</span>
+circumstanced. You have heard of Colonel and Mrs. &mdash;&mdash;. She speaks in a
+deep, gruff bass voice; he in a thin, shrill treble. She looks like a
+Jean Dorée; he like a dried alligator. They are called Bubble and Squeak
+by some of their neighbours; Venus and Adonis by others. But what of
+that? They are not handsome, to be sure; and there is neither mirror nor
+pier-glass to be found, search their house from one end of it to the
+other. But what of that? No <i>unhandsome reflections</i> can, in such a
+case, be cast by either party! I know them well; and a more harmonious
+couple I never met with. Now, Mr. Moore, in reply, what have you to say?
+I flatter myself I have overthrown your theory completely." "Not a whit.
+Colonel&mdash;has got into a scrape, and, like a soldier, puts the best face
+he can upon it." Those still exist who were witnesses to his exultation
+when one morning he entered Mrs&mdash;&mdash;'s drawing-room, with an open letter
+in his hand, and, in his peculiarly joyous and animated manner,
+exclaimed, "Don't be surprised if I play all sorts of antics! I am like
+a child with a new rattle! Here is a letter from my friend Lord Byron,
+telling me he has dedicated to me his poem of the 'Corsair.' Ah,
+Mrs.&mdash;&mdash;, it is nothing new for a poor poet to dedicate his poem to a
+great lord; but it is something passing strange for a great lord to
+dedicate his book to a poor poet." Those who know him most intimately
+feel no sort of hesitation in declaring, that he has again and again
+been heard to express regret at the earlier efforts of his muse; or
+reluctance in stating, at the same time, as a fact, that Mr. M., on two
+different occasions, endeavoured to repurchase the copyright of certain
+poems; but, in each instance, the sum demanded was so exorbitant, as of
+itself to put an end to the negotiation. The attempt, however, does him
+honour. And, affectionate father as he is well known to be, when he
+looks at his beautiful little daughter, and those fears, and hopes, and
+cares, and anxieties, come over him which almost choke a parent's
+utterance as he gazes on a promising and idolized child, he will own the
+censures passed on those poems to be just: nay more&mdash;every year will
+find him more and more sensible of the paramount importance of the union
+of female purity with female loveliness&mdash;more alive to the imperative
+duty, on a father's part, to guard the maiden bosom from the slightest
+taint of licentiousness. It is a fact not generally suspected, though
+his last work, "The Epicurean," affords strong internal evidence of the
+truth of the observation, that few are more thoroughly conversant with
+Scripture than himself. Many of Alethe's most beautiful remarks are
+simple paraphrases of the sacred volume. He has been heard to quote from
+it with the happiest effect&mdash;to say there was no book like it&mdash;no book,
+regarding it as a mere human composition, which could on any subject
+even "approach it in poetry, beauty, pathos, and sublimity." Long may
+these sentiments abide in him! And as no man, to use his <i>own</i>
+words, "ever had fiercer enemies or firmer friends"&mdash;as no man, to use
+those of others, was ever more bitter and sarcastic as a political
+enemy, more affectionate and devoted as a private friend, the more
+deeply his future writings are impregnated with the spirit of that
+volume, the more heartfelt, let him be well assured, will be his
+gratification in that hour when "we shall think of those we love, only
+to regret that we have not loved more dearly, when we shall remember our
+enemies only to forgive them."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>
+REGAL TABLET.
+</h3>
+
+<center>
+(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<p>
+The following Synopsis of English Sovereigns, and their contemporaries,
+will, it is hoped, be acceptable to the readers of history.
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+JACOBUS.
+</h4>
+
+
+<center>
+(<i>Normans</i>.)
+</center>
+
+<center>
+WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign, 14th Oct. 1066, died 9th Sept. 1087.
+</p>
+
+<center>
+<i>Contemporaries</i>.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexander II.,    1061.<br />
+Gregory VII.,     1073.<br />
+Victor III.,      1086.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Constantine XII., 1059.<br />
+Romanus IV.,      1068.<br />
+Michael VII.,    1071.<br />
+Nicephorus I.,    1078.<br />
+Alexis I.,       1081.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,       1060.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Malcolm III.,     1059.<br />
+Donald VIII.,     1068.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+WILLIAM RUFUS
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 9th Sept. 1087, died 2nd Aug. 1100.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Victor III.,     1086.<br />
+Urban II.,       1088.<br />
+Pascal II.,      1099.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexis I., 1081.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry IV., 1056.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,       1060.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Donald VIII.,     1068.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page111" name="page111"></a>[pg 111]</span>
+</p>
+
+<center>
+HENRY I.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 2nd August 1100, ended 1st Dec. 1135.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Pascal II.,      1099.<br />
+Gelassus II.,    1118.<br />
+Calistus II.,    1119.<br />
+Honorius II.,    1124.<br />
+Innocent II.,    1130.<br />
+Celestin II.,    1134.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexis I.,       1081.<br />
+John Cominus,    1118.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry IV.,       1056.<br />
+Henry V.,        1106.<br />
+Lotharius II.,   1125.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,       1060.<br />
+Louis VI.,       1108.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Donald VIII.,    1068.<br />
+Edgar,           1108.<br />
+David,           1134.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+STEPHEN
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 1st Dec. 1135, ended 25th Oct. 1154.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Celestin II.,    1134.<br />
+Lucius II.,      1144.<br />
+Eugenius III.    1145.<br />
+Anastasius IV.,  1153.<br />
+Adrian V.,       1154.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+John Cominus,    1118.<br />
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Lotharius II.    1125.<br />
+Conrad III.,     1138.<br />
+Frederic I.,     1152.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Louis VI.,       1108.<br />
+Louis VII.,      1137.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+David,           1134.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+<i>Saxon Line Restored.</i>
+</center>
+<br />
+<center>
+HENRY II.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 25th Oct. 1154, ended 6th July, 1189.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Adrian IV.,      1154.<br />
+Alexander II.,    1154.<br />
+Lucius III.,     1181.<br />
+Urban III.,      1185.<br />
+Gregory VIII.,    1187.<br />
+Clement III.,     1188.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.<br />
+Alexis II.,      1180.<br />
+Andronicus I.,    1183.<br />
+Isaac II.,       1185.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Louis VII.,      1137.<br />
+Philip II.,      1180.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+David,           1134.<br />
+Malcolm IV.,      1163.<br />
+William,         1165.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+RICHARD I.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 6th July, 1189, ended 6th April, 1199.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Clement III.,     1188.<br />
+Celestin III.,    1191.<br />
+Innocent III.,    1198.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Isaac II.,       1185.<br />
+Alexis III.,     1195.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic I.,     1152.<br />
+Henry VI.,       1196.<br />
+Philip I.,       1197.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip II.,       1180.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland</i>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+William.,         1165.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+JOHN
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 6th April, 1199, ended 19th Oct. 1216.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Innocent III.,    1198.<br />
+Honorius III.,    1215.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexis III.,      1195.<br />
+Alexis IV.,       1203.<br />
+Alexis V.,        1204.<br />
+Theodoras I.,     1204.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip I.,        1197.<br />
+Otho IV.,         1208.<br />
+Frederic II.,     1212.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>French Emperors of Constantinople.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Baldwin I.,       1204.<br />
+Henry I.,         1206.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip II.,       1180.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+William,         1165.<br />
+Alexander II.,    1214.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+HENRY III.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 19th Oct. 1216, ended 16th Nov. 1272.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Honorius III.,    1215.<br />
+Gregory IX.,      1227.<br />
+Celestin IV.,     1241.<br />
+Innocent IV.,     1243.<br />
+Alexander IV.,    1254.<br />
+Urban IV.,        1261.<br />
+Clement IV.,      1265.<br />
+Gregory X.,       1271.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Theodore I.,      1204.<br />
+John III.,        1222.<br />
+Theodore II.,     1225.<br />
+John IV.,         1259.<br />
+Michael VIII.,    1259.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperor of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic II.,     1212.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>French Emperors of Constantinople.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Henry I.,         1206.<br />
+Peter II.,        1217.<br />
+Robert de Cour.,  1221.<br />
+Baldwin II.,      1237.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip II.,       1180.<br />
+Louis VIII.,      1223.<br />
+Louis IX.,        1226.<br />
+Philip III.,      1270.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexander II.,    1214.<br />
+Alexander III.,   1249.<br />
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+EDWARD I.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+began his reign 16th Nov. 1272, ended 7th July, 1307.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Popes.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Gregory X.,       1270.<br />
+Innocent V.,      1276.<br />
+Adrian V.,        1276.<br />
+John XXI.,        1276.<br />
+Nicholas III.,    1277.<br />
+Martin IV.,       1281.<br />
+Honorius IV.,     1285.<br />
+Nicholas IV.,     1288.<br />
+Celestin V.,      1294.<br />
+Boniface VIII.,   1294.<br />
+Benedict X.,      1303.<br />
+Clement V.,       1305.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the East.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Michael VIII.,    1259.<br />
+Andronicus II.,   1283.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Emperors of the West.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Frederic II.,     1212.<br />
+Rodolphus I.,     1273.<br />
+Adolphus,         1291.<br />
+Albert I.,        1298.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>France.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Philip III.,      1270.<br />
+Philip IV.,       1285.<br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<i>Scotland.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Alexander III.,   1249.<br />
+John Baliol,      1293.<br />
+Robert Bruce,     1306.<br />
+</p>
+
+<center>
+(<i>To be continued.</i>)
+</center>
+
+<hr class="full"/>
+
+<p>
+  <span class="pagenum"><a id="page112" name="page112"></a>[pg 112]</span>
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>
+	THE GATHERER.
+</h2>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.</p>
+           <p>  SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>
+	TIMELY REPARTEE.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+A soldier of Marshal Saxe's army being discovered in a theft, was
+condemned to be hanged. What he had stolen might be worth about 5s.
+The marshal meeting him as he was being led to execution, said to him,
+"What a miserable fool you were to risk your life for 5s.!"&mdash;"General,"
+replied the soldier, "I have risked it every day for five-pence." This
+repartee saved his life.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	MARSHAL VILLARS.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+It was customary, as the French general in command of the Italian army
+passed through Lyons to join his army, for that town to offer him a
+purse full of gold. Marshal Villars on being thus complimented by the
+head magistrate, the latter concluded his speech by observing, that
+Turenne, who was the last commander of the Italian army who had honoured
+the town with his presence, had taken the purse, but returned the money.
+"Ah!" replied Villars, pocketing both the purse and the gold, "I have
+always looked upon Turenne to be <i>inimitable</i>."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	LONG STORIES.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+Capt. S&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, of the &mdash;&mdash;&mdash; regiment, during the American war, was
+notorious for a propensity, not to story-telling, but to telling long
+stories, which he used to indulge in defiance of time and place, often
+to the great annoyance of his immediate companions; but he was so
+good-humoured withal, that they were loth to check him abruptly or
+harshly. An opportunity occurred of giving him a hint, which had the
+desired effect. He was a member of a courtmartial assembled for the
+trial of a private of the regiment. The man bore a very good character
+in general, the offence he had committed was slight, and the court was
+rather at a loss what punishment to award, for it was requisite to award
+some, as the man had been found guilty. While they were deliberating on
+this, Major &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, now General Sir &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, suddenly turning to the
+president, said, in his dry manner, "Suppose we sentence him to hear
+two of Captain S&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;'s long stories."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	GENUINE GAELIC PROCLAMATION.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+The crier sounds a flourish on that delightful sonorous instrument,
+the bagpipe, then loquitor, "Tak tent a' ye land louping hallions, the
+meickle deil tamn ye, tat are within the bounds. If any o' ye be foond
+fishing in ma Lort Preadalpine's gruns, he'll be first headit, and syne
+hangit, and syne droom't; an' if ta loon's bauld enough to come bock
+again, his horse and cart will be ta'en frae him; and if ta teils' sae
+grit wi' him tat he shows his ill faurd face ta three times, far waur
+things wull be dune till him. An noo tat ye a' ken ta wull o' ta lairt,
+I'll e'en gang hame and sup my brose."
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	TO LOUISA.
+</h3>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+           <p>  L et me but hope</p>
+           <p>  O lovely maid,</p>
+           <p>  U ever will be mine,</p>
+           <p>  I 'll bless my fate,</p>
+           <p>  S upremely great,</p>
+           <p>  A happy <i>Valentine</i>.</p>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h4>
+N.R.H.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<h3>
+	A DEAD SUBJECT.
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+"<i>Dyed</i> stockings are always rotten," said a Nottingham
+warehouseman.&mdash;"Yes," replied a by-stander, "and you'll be rotten when
+you're <i>dead</i>."
+</p>
+
+<h4>
+GRIZZLE.
+</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+<p>
+What will some grave people say to this?&mdash;from a "Constant Reader."
+A little boy having swallowed a medal of Napoleon, ran in great
+tribulation to his mother, and told her "that he had swallowed
+<i>Boneparty</i>."
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<p>
+PURCHASERS of the MIRROR, who may wish to complete their sets are
+informed, that every volume is complete in itself, and may be purchased
+separately. The whole of the numbers are now in print, and can be
+procured by giving an order to any Bookseller or Newsvender.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Complete sets Vol I.. to XII. in boards, price £3. 5s. half bound, £4.
+2s. 6d.
+</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<center>
+LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS.
+</center>
+
+<p>
+CHEAP and POPULAR WORKS published at the MIRROR OFFICE in the Strand,
+near Somerset House.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. boards
+<br />
+
+The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+<br />
+
+The MICROCOSM. By the Right Hon. G. CANNING. &amp;c. Price 2s.
+<br />
+
+PLUTARCH'S LIVES, with Fifty Portraits, 2 vols. price 13s. boards.
+<br />
+
+COWPER'S POEMS, with 12 Engravings, price 3s 6d boards.
+<br />
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES, 2 vols. price 8s. boards.
+<br />
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED. Price
+5s. boards.
+<br />
+
+BEAUTIES of SCOTT. 2 vols. price 7s. boards.
+<br />
+
+The ARCANA of SCIENCE for 1828. Price 4s. 6d.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+*** Any of the above Works can be purchased in Parts.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+<br />
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+<br />
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+<br />
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a>
+<b>Footnote 1</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>
+   This elegant and curious piece of workmanship, the history of
+        which is involved in uncertainty, bears the marks of an age
+        subsequent to that of the choir, and was probably erected in
+        the reign of Henry VI. It is in the most finished style of the
+        florid Gothic, containing niches, canopies, pediments, and
+        pinnacles, and decorated with the statues of all the sovereigns
+        of England, from the Norman Conquest to Henry V. The statue of
+        James I. stands in the niche which tradition assigns as that
+        formerly occupied by the one of Henry VI.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a>
+<b>Footnote 2</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>
+     These stalls or seats which were formed of oak, and of the most
+        elaborate workmanship, occupied the side, and western end of the
+        choir: they were surmounted by canopies, supported by slender
+        pillars, rising from the arms, each being furnished with a
+        movable misericordia.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a>
+<b>Footnote 3</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>
+ Vide Drake's Eboracum, p. 527.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote4" name="footnote4"></a>
+<b>Footnote 4</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>
+   We thank our intelligent antiquarian correspondent for this
+        article, which, he will perceive appears somewhat, abridged,
+        as we are unable to spare room for further details.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="footnote">
+<a id="footnote5" name="footnote5"></a>
+<b>Footnote 5</b>:
+<a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+<p>
+   We ourselves remember the thrilling effect of our first reading
+        this ballad; especially while clambering over the ruins of
+        Brambletye House. Indeed, the incident of the ballad is of the
+        most sinking character, and it works on the stage with truly
+        melo-dramatic force, Perhaps, there is not a more interesting
+        picture than a solitary tree, tufted on a time-worn ruin; there
+        are a thousand associations in such a scene, which, to the
+        reflective mind, are dear as life's-blood, and as an artist
+        would say, they make a fine study.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>
+<i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD</i>, 143, <i>Strand, (near
+Somerset House,) London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER</i>, 626, <i>New
+Market, Leipsic; and by all Newsmen and Booksellers</i>.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 356 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 12477-h.htm or 12477-h.zip *****
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@@ -0,0 +1,2144 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Volume 13, No. 356, Saturday, February 14, 1829
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: May 30, 2004 [EBook #12477]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 356 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, David Garcia and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 356.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+Interior of the Colosseum.
+
+
+[Illustration: Interior of the Colosseum.]
+
+
+_References to the Engraving._
+
+A. Column or Tower in the centre of the building, for supporting the
+Ascending Room, &c.
+
+B. Entrance to the Ascending-Room.
+
+C. Saloon for the reception of works of art.
+
+D. Passage lending to the Saloon, Galleries, and Ascending-Room.
+
+E. F. Two separate Spiral Flights of Steps, leading to the Galleries, &c.
+
+G. H. I. Galleries from which the Picture is to be viewed.
+
+K. Refreshment-Room.
+
+L. Rooms for Music or Bells.
+
+M. The Old Ball from St. Paul's Cathedral.
+
+N. Stairs leading to the outside of the Building. _a. b._ Sky-lights.
+_c._ Plaster Dome, on which the sky is painted, _d._ Canvass on which
+the part of the picture up to the horizon is painted. _e._ Gallery,
+suspended by ropes, used for painting the distance, and uniting the
+plaster and the canvas. _f._ Temporary Bridge from the Gallery G to
+the Gallery _e._ from the end of which the echo of the building might
+be heard to the greatest advantage. _g._ One of Fifteen Triangular
+Platforms, used for painting the sky. _h._ Platforms fixed on the
+ropes of the Gallery _e_, used for finishing and clouding the sky.
+_k._ Different methods for getting at the lower parts of the canvas.
+_l._ Baskets for conveying colours. &c. to the artists, _m._ Cross or
+Shears, formed of two poles, from which a cradle or box is suspended,
+for finishing the picture after the removal of all the scaffolding
+and ropes.
+
+
+Mr. Hornor, in his colossal undertaking, has "devised a mean" to draw us
+out of the way; and a successful one it has already proved. As a return
+for the interest which his enterprise has excited, we are, however,
+induced to present its details to our readers, as perfect as the limits
+of the MIRROR will allow; and for this purpose we have been favoured by
+Mr. Parris with the drawing for the annexed cut.
+
+In No. 352, we gave a popular description of the interior of the
+Colosseum; but the reader's attention was therein directed to the
+splendid effect of the panorama or picture, whilst the means by which
+the painting was executed have been reserved for our present Number.
+This we have endeavoured to illustrate by the annexed engraving; and
+the explanation will be rendered still clearer by reference to No. 352,
+wherein we have given an outline of the difficulties with which the
+principal artist, Mr. Parris, had to contend in painting the panorama.
+We, however, omitted to state an obstacle equally formidable with the
+_reconciliation_ of the styles of the several artists engaged to
+assist Mr. Parris. This additional source of perplexity was the great
+change, almost amounting to the vitrification of enamel colours, which
+occurred in the hues of the various pigments, according to the point of
+view, and the immense distance of the canvas from the spectator.
+
+Besides furnishing the reader with the construction of the apartments,
+galleries, and ascents of the interior, the engraving presents some idea
+of the scaffoldings, bridges, platforms, and other mechanical
+contrivances requisite for the execution of the picture.
+
+The spiral staircase, it will be seen, leads to the lower gallery for
+viewing the picture. Unconnected with the intermediate gallery, there is
+a communication from the lowest gallery to the highest, and thence to
+the refreshment-rooms and exterior of the dome. The ascent to the second
+price gallery is by a spiral staircase under those already mentioned.
+The column, or central erection, containing these staircases and
+the ascending-room, is of timber, with twelve principal uprights
+seventy-three feet high, one foot square, set upon a circular curb of
+brickwork, hooped with iron, and further secured by bracing, and by
+two other circular curbs, from the upper one of which rises a cone of
+timbers thirty-four feet high, supporting the refreshment-rooms, the
+identical ball, and model of the cross, of St. Paul's, Mr. Hornor's
+sketching cabin, staircase to the exterior, &c. Without the circle of
+timbers already described, is another of twenty-four upright timbers;
+and between these two circles the staircases wind. The architectural
+fronts of the galleries form frame-works, through which the spectator
+may enjoy various parts of the panorama, as in so many distinct
+pictures.
+
+The cut and appended references will explain the devices for painting
+better than a more extended description; for mere words do not
+facilitate the understanding of inventions which in themselves are
+beautiful and simple. To heighten the effect, our artist has, however,
+introduced light sketchy outlines of the campanile towers of St. Paul's,
+the city, and the distant country. Mr. Parris's task must have been one
+of extreme peril, and notwithstanding his ingenious contrivances of
+galleries, bridges, platforms, &c. he fell twice from a considerable
+height; but in neither case was he seriously hurt. His progress reminds
+us of other grand flights to fame, but his success has been triumphant,
+and alike honourable to his genius and enterprise. In short, looking
+at the present advanced state of the Colosseum, Mr. Hornor and his
+indefatigable coadjutors may almost exclaim in the words of Dryden,
+
+  "Our toils, my friend, are crown'd with sure success:
+  The greater part perform'd, achieve the less."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DORCHESTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+St. Peter's church, Dorchester, is a handsome structure. There is a
+traditional rhyme about it which imports the founder of this church
+to have been Geoffery Van.
+
+  "Geoffery Van
+   With his wife Anne
+   And his maid Nan
+   Built this church."
+
+
+But there was long since dug up in a garden here a large seal, with
+indisputable marks of antiquity, and this inscription:--"Sigillum
+Galfridi de Ann." It is therefore supposed, with some reason, that
+the founder's name was Ann.
+
+A great number and variety of Roman coins have been dug up in this town,
+some of silver, others of copper, called by the common people, King
+Dorn's Pence; for they have a notion that one king Dorn was the founder
+of Dorchester.
+
+HALBERT H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FIRE AT YORK CATHEDRAL.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Ut Rosa flos florum
+  Sic est domus ista domorum.
+
+
+Such was the encomium bestowed on the venerable pile of York Minster by
+an old monkish writer; but, alas! what a change is there in the space
+of a few short hours; what a scene of desolation, what a lesson of the
+instability of sublunary things and the vanity of human grandeur! The
+glory of the city of York, of England, yea, almost of Europe, is now,
+through the fanaticism of a modern Erostratus, rendered comparatively
+a pile of ruin; but still
+
+  "Looks great in ruin, noble in decay."
+
+
+This is the third time that this magnificent structure has been assailed
+by fire; twice it has been totally destroyed; but, like another phoenix,
+it has again risen from its ashes in a greater degree of splendour. A
+period of nearly seven hundred years has now elapsed since the last of
+these occurrences; and the present fabric has but now narrowly escaped
+sharing the fate of its predecessors.
+
+The damage which the Minster has sustained is not, perhaps, of
+so great a magnitude as, from the first appearance of the fire, might
+have been anticipated. The destruction is principally confined to the
+_choir_, the roof of which is entirely consumed. The beautiful and
+elaborately carved _screen_,[1] which divides the choir from the
+nave, and forms a support for the organ-loft, has escaped in a most
+wonderful manner, a few of the more projecting ornaments being merely
+detached. The organ, an instrument scarcely equalled in tone by any
+other in Europe, is totally destroyed. The oaken stalls,[2] together
+with their richly carved canopies, have likewise perished. The altar
+table, which stood at the eastern end of the choir, on a raised
+pavement, ascended by a flight of fifteen steps, is likewise consumed,
+and the communion plate melted. The beautiful stone screen, which
+separated the Lady's Chapel from the altar, has not suffered so
+materially as was at first imagined. This elegant specimen of ancient
+sculpture is divided into eight pointed arches, and elaborately
+ornamented with tracery work: the lights were filled with plate glass,
+through which a fine view of the great eastern window was obtained;
+some pieces of which still remain uninjured.
+
+Such are the principal parts of the cathedral which have suffered. The
+books, cushions, and other movable effects, from the northern side of
+the choir, were fortunately rescued, together with the brazen eagle,
+from which the prayers were read. The wills, and other valuable
+documents, were also preserved.
+
+The choir, the destruction of which we have just related, was built by
+John de Thoresby, a prelate, raised to the archiepiscopal chair in 1532.
+On this building he expended the then enormous sum of one thousand eight
+hundred and ten pounds out of his own private purse. The first stone
+was laid on the 29th of July, 1361; but the founder died before its
+completion, as is evident from the arms of several of his successors in
+various parts of the building, particularly those of Scrope and Bowet,
+the latter of whom was not created archbishop until the year 1405. It
+was constructed in a more florid style of architecture than the rest of
+the fabric. The roof, higher by some feet than that of the nave, was
+more richly ornamented, an elegant kind of festoon work descending from
+the capitals of the pillars, which separated the middle from the side
+aisles; from these columns sprung the vaulted roof, the ribs of which
+crossed each other in angular compartments. The magnificent window, the
+admiration of all beholders, occupies nearly the whole space of the
+eastern end of the choir; it is divided by two large mullions into
+three principal divisions, which are again subdivided into three lights;
+the upper part from the springing of the arches are also separated
+into various compartments. It contains nearly two hundred subjects,
+principally scriptural. The painting of this window was executed about
+the year 1405, at the expense of the dean and chapter, by John Thornton,
+a glazier, of Coventry, who, by his contract, was engaged to finish it
+within three years, and to receive four shillings per week for his
+work; he was also to have one hundred shillings besides; and also ten
+pounds more if he did his work well.[3] On the exterior of the choir,
+immediately over the window, is the effigy of John de Thoresby, mitred
+and robed, and sitting in his archiepiscopal chair, his right hand
+pointing to the window, and in his left holding the model of a church.
+At the base of the window are the heads of Christ and the Apostles,
+with that of some sovereign, supposed to be Edward III.
+
+We will now bring this article to a close, by quoting the words of AEneas
+Sylvius, afterwards Pope Pius II., in praise of York Cathedral. He says,
+"It is famous all over the world for its magnificence and workmanship,
+but especially for a fine lightsome chapel, with shining walls, and
+small, thin-waisted pillars, quite round."[4]
+
+S.I.B.
+
+
+    [1] This elegant and curious piece of workmanship, the history of
+        which is involved in uncertainty, bears the marks of an age
+        subsequent to that of the choir, and was probably erected in
+        the reign of Henry VI. It is in the most finished style of the
+        florid Gothic, containing niches, canopies, pediments, and
+        pinnacles, and decorated with the statues of all the sovereigns
+        of England, from the Norman Conquest to Henry V. The statue of
+        James I. stands in the niche which tradition assigns as that
+        formerly occupied by the one of Henry VI.
+
+    [2] These stalls or seats which were formed of oak, and of the most
+        elaborate workmanship, occupied the side, and western end of the
+        choir: they were surmounted by canopies, supported by slender
+        pillars, rising from the arms, each being furnished with a
+        movable misericordia.
+
+    [3] Vide Drake's Eboracum, p. 527.
+
+    [4] We thank our intelligent antiquarian correspondent for this
+        article, which, he will perceive appears somewhat, abridged,
+        as we are unable to spare room for further details.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE VINE.
+
+FROM THE GERMAN OF HERDER.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+On the day of their creation, the trees boasted one to another, of their
+excellence. "Me, the Lord planted!" said the lofty cedar;--"strength,
+fragrance, and longevity, he bestowed on me."
+
+"Jehovah fashioned me to be a blessing," said the shadowy palm;
+"utility and beauty he united in my form." The apple-tree, said, "Like
+a bridegroom among youths, I glow in my beauty amidst the trees of the
+grove!" The myrtle, said, "Like the rose among briars, so am I amidst
+the other shrubs." Thus all boasted;--the olive and the fig-tree--and
+even the fir.
+
+The vine, alone, drooped silent to the ground! "To me," thought he,
+"every thing seems to have been refused;--I have neither stem--nor
+branches--nor flowers,--but such as _I am_, I will hope and wait."
+The vine bent down its shoots, and wept!
+
+Not long had the vine to wait; for, behold, the divinity of earth, man,
+drew nigh; he saw the feeble, helpless, plant trailing its honours along
+the soil:--in pity, he lifted up the recumbent shoots, and twined the
+feeble plant around his own bower.
+
+Now the winds played with its leaves and tendrils; and the warmth of the
+sun began to empurple its hard green grapes, and to prepare within them
+a sweet and delicious juice.
+
+Decked with its rich clusters, the vine leaned towards its master, who
+tasted its refreshing fruit and juicy beverage; and he named the vine,
+his friend and favourite.
+
+Despair not, ye forsaken; bear--be patient,--and strive.
+
+From the insignificant reed flows the sweetest of juices;--from the
+bending vine springs the most delightful drink of the earth.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SKETCH-BOOK.
+
+THE BATTLE OF NAVARINO.--BY AN OFFICER ENGAGED.
+
+(_Abridged from No. 2, of the United Service Journal._)
+
+
+We had been cruizing off the coast of the Morea, for the protection of
+trading vessels, and to watch the motions of the numerous Greek pirates
+infesting the narrow seas and adjacent islands. For fourteen months we
+had been thus actively employed, when the arrival of the Albion and
+Genoa, from Lisbon, hinted to us, that some coercive measures were
+about to be used against the Turks, to cause them to discontinue the
+exterminating war they carried on against the Greeks, and to evacuate
+the country pursuant to the terms of the treaty of July, 1827. The
+prospect of a collision with the Turkish fleet appeared to be very
+agreeable to the ship's crew, as they had got a little tired of their
+long confinement on board, and anxiously looked for a speedy return to
+Malta to get ashore, which they had not been able to do for upwards of a
+year. We again proceeded on our protecting duty, and parted company with
+the admiral in the Asia. In about six weeks we returned, and found that
+many other British vessels had joined the Asia, whilst the squadrons of
+France and Russia added to the number of the fleet, which altogether
+presented an imposing attitude.
+
+The Turkish and Egyptian fleets had arrived from the unsuccessful
+attempt in the Gulf of Patras some time before, and lay off the Bay of
+Navarino, before they finally entered and took up a position within
+the harbour. While the Ottoman fleet lay off the bay, the Turkish
+troops were said to have committed many unjustifiable outrages on the
+defenceless inhabitants of the country adjacent to Navarino; information
+of these oppressive acts was conveyed to the British admiral, and, it
+is believed, formed the grounds of a strong remonstrance on his part,
+addressed to the Turkish commanders, which hastened the collision
+between the two armaments. These facts were generally known throughout
+the fleet, and a "_row_" was eagerly expected.
+
+About the beginning of October we had returned from our cruize; the men,
+ever since we had been in commission, had been daily exercised at the
+guns, and, by firing at marks, they had much improved in their practice.
+
+Before entering the bay, the Ottoman fleet lay at the distance of ten or
+twelve miles from the Allies. They appeared numerous, with many small
+craft. Most of them bore the crimson flag flying at their peak, and on
+coming closer, a crescent and sword were visible on the flags. Their
+ships looked well, and in tolerable order: the Egyptians were evidently
+superior to the Turks.
+
+Little communication took place between the Allied and Turkish fleets.
+The Dartmouth had gone into the bay twice, bearing the terms proposed by
+the allied commanders to Ibrahim Pacha. No satisfactory answer had been
+returned by the Ottoman admiral, whose conduct appeared evasive and
+trifling, implying a contempt for our prowess, and daring us to do our
+worst.
+
+The Dartmouth having proceeded for the last time into the bay, with the
+final requisitions, and having brought back no satisfactory reply, on
+Saturday, the 20th of October, 1827, about noon, Admiral Codrington,
+favoured by a gentle sea-breeze, bore up under all sail for the mouth
+of the Bay of Navarino. A buzz ran instantly through the ship at the
+welcome intelligence of the admiral's bearing up; and I could easily
+perceive the hilarity and exultation of the seamen, and their impatience
+for the contest.
+
+Our ship's crew was chiefly composed of young men, who had never seen a
+shot fired; yet, to judge from their manner, one would have thought them
+familiar with the business of fighting. The decks were then cleared for
+action, and the ship was quite ready, as we neared the mouth of the bay.
+
+The Asia led the fleet, and was the first to enter the bay, followed by
+the ships in two columns. This was about one o'clock, or rather later.
+Abreast of Sir Edward Codrington was the French admiral, distinguished
+by the large white flag at the mizen. Then came the Genoa and Albion,
+followed by the Dartmouth, Talbot, and brigs, along with the French and
+Russian squadrons, in more distant succession. Every sail was set, so
+that the vast crowd of canvass, that looked more bleached and glittering
+in the rays of the sun, and contrasted with the deep blue unclouded sky,
+presented a magnificent and spirit-stirring spectacle. The breeze was
+just powerful enough to carry the allied fleet forward at a gentle rate,
+and as the wind freshened a little at times, it had the effect of
+causing the ships to heel to one side in a graceful, undulating
+manner,--the various flags and pendants of the united nations puffing
+out occasionally from the mast-heads. The sea was smooth, the weather
+rather warm, and the air quite clear. As we neared the entrance of the
+bay, the land presented all around a rugged, steep appearance towards
+the sea. In the distance, the mountains were visible, of a light blue,
+with whitish clouds apparently resting on their summits. The town and
+castle of Navarino presented a bright, picturesque look, and some spots
+of cultivation were to be seen. In the interior there rose in the air
+what looked like the smoke of some conflagration, and such we all
+believed was the case, as the Turkish soldiery had been employed in
+ravaging the country, and carrying away the inhabitants. An encampment
+of tents lay near, close to the castle, and large bodies of soldiers
+were easily discernible crowding on the batteries as we approached. We
+were about five hundred yards distant from the castle. The breadth of
+the entrance was about a mile.
+
+When the Asia had arrived abreast of this castle, a boat rowed from the
+shore, and came alongside of the Asia with a request from Ibraham Pacha,
+that the allied fleets would not enter the bay; and just about that
+time, an unshotted gun was fired from the castle, which we interpreted
+as a signal for the Ottoman fleet to prepare for action. Close to the
+mouth of the bay, the cluster of vessels was considerable, all bearing
+up under a press of sail, and in perfect order. Our ship was close on
+the Asia's quarter. No opposition was made to our progress by the
+batteries of Navarino, which was a matter of surprise to all, as the men
+were ready at their quarters in momentary expectation of being attacked.
+To the spectators on the battlements our fleet must have presented a
+beautiful, though a formidable, appearance.
+
+As soon as we had cleared the mouth of the bay, the Turko-Egyptian
+fleet was seen ranged round from right to left, in the form of an
+extensive crescent, in two lines, each ship with springs on her cables.
+Thus the combined fleets were in the centre of the lion's den, and
+the lists might be said to have been closed. The Asia, on passing the
+mouth of Navarino, sailed onwards to where the Turkish and Egyptian
+line-of-battle ships lay at anchor about three-quarters of a mile
+farther up the bay, and anchored close abreast one of their largest
+ships, bearing the flag of the Capitan Bey. The Genoa took her station
+near the Asia, whilst the Albion followed; but the Turks being so
+closely wedged together, she could not find space to pass between them
+to her appointed berth. The ship of the Egyptian Admiral lay as close to
+the Asia as that of the Capitan Bey: a large double-banked frigate was
+also near: all these three ships being moored in front of the crescent
+close upon the Asia and the Genoa. The wind by this time had almost
+died away, consequently the Albion had to anchor close alongside the
+double-banked frigate. This failing of the wind retarded considerably
+the progress of the ships, which had not yet entered the bay,
+particularly the Russian ships, and several of ours, which came later
+into action, and had to encounter the firing of the artillery of the
+castle.
+
+The Egyptian fleet lay to the south-east; and, as it was well known that
+several French officers were serving on board, the French Admiral was
+appointed to place his squadron abreast of them. It appears, however,
+that, with one exception, all these Frenchmen quitted the Egyptian
+fleet, and went on board an Austrian transport which lay off the coast.
+
+The post assigned to the Cambrian, Talbot, and Glasgow, along with the
+French frigate Armide, was alongside of the Turkish frigates at the
+left of the crescent on entering into the bay; whilst the Dartmouth,
+Musquito, the Rose, and Philomel, were ordered to keep a sharp look-out
+on the several fireships lurking suspiciously at the extremities of the
+crescent, and apparently ripe for mischief.
+
+It was strictly enjoined in the orders, that no gun was to be fired,
+without a signal to that effect made by the Admiral, unless it should be
+in return for shots fired at us by the Turkish fleet. Each ship was to
+anchor with springs on her cables, if time allowed; and the orders
+concluded with the memorable words of Nelson,--"No captain can do
+very wrong who places his ship alongside of any enemy."
+
+It was about two o'clock when we arrived at our station on the left of
+the bay, and anchored. The men were immediately sent aloft to furl the
+sails, which operation lasted a few minutes. Whilst so employed, the
+Dartmouth, distant about half a mile from our ship, had sent a boat,
+commanded by Lieut. Fitzroy, to request the fireship to remove from her
+station; a fire of musketry ensued from the fireship into the boat,
+killing the officer and several men. This brought on a return of
+small-arms from the Dartmouth and Syrene. Capt. Davis, of the Rose,
+having witnessed the firing of the Turkish vessel, went in one of his
+boats to assist that of the Dartmouth; and the crew of these two boats
+were in the act of climbing up the sides of the fireship, when she
+instantly exploded with a tremendous concussion, blowing the men into
+the water, and killing and disabling several in the boats close
+alongside. Just about this time, and before the men had descended from
+the yards, an Egyptian double-banked frigate poured a broadside into our
+ship. The captain gave instant orders to fire away; and the broadside
+was returned with terrible effect, every shot striking the hull of the
+Egyptian frigate. The men were now hastily descending the shrouds, while
+the captain sung out, "Now, my lads! down to the main-deck, and fire
+away as fast as you can." The seamen cheered loudly as they fired the
+first broadside, and continued to do so at intervals during the action.
+The battle had actually commenced to windward before the Asia and the
+Ottoman admiral had exchanged a single shot; and the action in that part
+of the bay was brought on in nearly a similar manner as in ours, by the
+Turks firing into the boat dispatched by Sir E. Codrington to explain
+the mediatorial views of the Allies. The Greek pilot had been killed;
+and ere the Asia's boat had reached the ship, the firing was unremitting
+between the Asia, Genoa, and Albion, and the Turkish ships. About
+half-past two o'clock, the battle had become general throughout the
+whole lines, and the cannonade was one uninterrupted crash, louder than
+any thunder. Previous to the Egyptian frigate firing into us, the men,
+not engaged in furling the sails, had stripped themselves to their
+duck-frocks, and were binding their black-silk neckcloths round
+their heads and waists, and some upon their left knees.
+
+The Egyptian frigate, which had fired into our ship was distant about
+half a cable's length. Near her was another of the same large class,
+together with a Turkish frigate and a corvette. These four ships poured
+their broadsides into us without intermission for nearly a quarter of an
+hour; but after a few rounds their firing became irregular and hasty,
+and many of their shots injured our rigging. At the first broadside we
+received, two men near me were instantly struck dead on the deck. There
+was no appearance of any wounds upon them, but they never stirred a
+limb; and their bodies, after lying a little beside the gun at which
+they had been working, were dragged amid-ships. Several of the men were
+now severely wounded.
+
+We were near enough to distinguish the Turkish and Egyptian sailors in
+the enemy's ships. They seemed to be a motley group. Most of them wore
+turbans of white, with a red cap below, small brown jackets, and very
+wide trousers; their legs were bare. They were active, brawny fellows,
+of a dark-brown complexion, and they crowded the Turkish ships, which
+accounts for the very great slaughter we occasioned among them. Many
+dead bodies were tumbled through their port-holes into the sea.
+
+Capt. Hugon, commanding the French frigate L'Armide, about three
+o'clock, seeing the unequal, but unflinching combat we were maintaining,
+wormed his ship coolly and deliberately through the Turkish inner line,
+in such a gallant, masterly style, as never for one moment to obstruct
+the fire of our ship upon our opponents. He then anchored on our
+starboard-quarter, and fired a broadside into one of the Turkish
+frigates, thus relieving us of one of our foes, which, in about ten
+minutes, struck to the gallant Frenchman; who, on taking possession, in
+the most handsome manner, hoisted our flag along with his own, to show
+he had but completed the work we had begun. The skill, gallantry, and
+courtesy of the French captain, were the subject of much talk amongst
+us, and we were loud in his praise. We had still two of the frigates
+and the corvette to contend with, whilst the Armide was engaged, when
+a Russian line-of-battle-ship came up, and attracted the attention of
+another Egyptian frigate, and thus drew off her fire from us. Our men
+had now a breathing time, and they poured broadside upon broadside into
+the Egyptian frigate, which had been our first assailant. The rapidity
+and intensity of our concentrated fire soon told upon the vessel. Her
+guns were irregularly served, and many shots struck our rigging. Our
+round-shot, which were pointed to sink her, passed through her sides,
+and frequently tore up her decks in rebounding. In a short time she was
+compelled to haul down her colours, and ceased firing. We learned
+afterwards, that her decks were covered with nearly one hundred and
+fifty dead and wounded men, and the deck itself ripped up from the
+effects of our balls. In the interim, the corvette, which had annoyed us
+exceedingly during the action, came in for her share of our notice, and
+we managed to repay her in some style for the favours she had bestowed
+on us in the heat of the business. Orders were then issued for the men
+to cease firing for a few minutes, until the Rose had passed between our
+ship and the corvette, and had stationed herself in such a position as
+to annoy the latter in conjunction with us. Our firing was then renewed
+with redoubled fury, The men, during the pause, had leisure to quench
+their thirst from the tank which stood on the deck, and they appeared
+greatly refreshed--I may say, almost exhilarated, and to their work
+they merrily went again.
+
+The double-banked Egyptian frigate, which had struck her colours to us,
+to our astonishment began, after having been silenced for some time, to
+open a smart fire on our ships, though she had no colours flying. The
+men were exceedingly exasperated at such treacherous conduct, and they
+poured into her two severe broadsides, which effectually silenced her,
+and at the moment we saw that a blue ensign was run up her mast, on
+which we ceased cannonading her, and she never fired another gun during
+the remainder of the action. It was a Greek pilot, pressed on board the
+Egyptian, who ran up the English ensign, to prevent our ship from firing
+again. He declared that our shot came into the frigate as thick and
+rapidly as a hail-storm, and so terrified the crew, that they all ran
+below. From the combined effects of our firing, and that of the Russian
+ship, the other Egyptian frigate hauled down her colours. The corvette,
+which was roughly handled by the Rose, was driven on shore, and there
+destroyed.
+
+Before this, however, a Turkish fireship approached us, having seemingly
+no one on board. We fired into her, and in a few minutes she loudly
+exploded astern, without doing us any damage. The concussion was
+tremendous, shaking the ship through every beam. Another fireship came
+close to the Philomel which soon sunk her, and in the very act of going
+down she exploded.
+
+A large ship near the Asia was now seen to be on fire; the blaze flamed
+up as high as the topmast, and soon became one vast sheet of fire; in
+that state she continued for a short time. The crew could be easily
+discerned gliding about across the light; and, after a horrible
+suspense, she blew up, with an explosion far louder and more stunning
+than the ships which had done so in our vicinity. The smoke and lurid
+flame ascended to a vast height in the air; beams, masts, and pieces of
+the hull, along with human figures in various distorted postures, were
+clearly distinguishable in the air.
+
+It was now almost dark, and the action had ceased to be general
+throughout the lines; but blaze rose upon blaze, and explosion thundered
+upon explosion, in various parts of the bay. A pretty sharp cannonading
+had been kept up between the guns of the castle and the ships entering
+the bay, and that firing still continued. The smaller Turkish vessels,
+forming the second line, were now nearly silenced, and several exhibited
+signs of being on fire, from the thick light-coloured smoke that rose
+from their decks.
+
+The action had nearly terminated by six o'clock, after a duration of
+four hours. Daylight had disappeared unperceived, owing to the dense
+smoke of the cannonading, which, from the cessation of the firing,
+now began to clear away, and showed us a clouded sky. The bay was
+illuminated in various quarters by the numerous burning ships, which
+rendered the sight one of the most sublime and magnificent that could
+be imagined.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+MEMORABLE DAYS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VALENTINE'S DAY.
+
+
+  Seynte _Valentine_. Of custome, yeere by yeere,
+    Men have an usaunce, in this regioun,
+  To loke and serche Cupide's kalendere,
+    And chose theyr choyse, by grete affeccioun;
+    Such as ben _move_ with Cupide's mocioun,
+  Taking theyr choyse as theyr sorte doth falle;
+  But I love oon whyche excellith alle.
+
+LYDGATE'S _Poem of Queen Catherine, consort to Henry V._, 1440.
+
+
+In some villages in Kent there is a singular custom observed on St.
+Valentine's day. The young maidens, from five or six to eighteen years
+of age, assemble in a crowd, and burn an uncouth effigy, which they
+denominate a "_holly boy_," and which they obtain from the boys;
+while in another part of the village the boys burn an equally ridiculous
+effigy, which they call an "ivy girl," and which they steal from the
+girls. The oldest inhabitants can give you no reason or account of this
+curious practice, though it is always a sport at this season.
+
+Numerous are the sports and superstitions concerning the day in
+different parts of England. In some parts of Dorsetshire the young folks
+purchase wax candles, and let them remain lighted all night in the
+bedroom. I learned this from some old Dorsetshire friends of mine, who,
+however, could throw no further _light_ upon the subject. In the
+same county, I was also informed it was in many places customary for the
+maids to hang up in the kitchen a bunch of such flowers as were then in
+season, neatly suspended by a true lover's knot of blue riband. These
+innocent doings are prevalent in other parts of England, and elsewhere.
+
+Misson, a learned traveller, relates an amusing practice which was kept
+up in his time:--"On the eve of St. Valentine's day, the young folks in
+England and Scotland, by a very ancient custom, celebrated a little
+festival. An equal number of maids and bachelors assemble together; all
+write their true or some feigned name separately upon as many billets,
+which they rolled up, and drew by way of lots, the maids taking the
+men's billets, and the men the maids'; so that each of the young men
+lights upon a girl that he calls his Valentine, and each of the girls
+upon a young man which she calls her's. By this means each has two
+Valentines; but the man sticks faster to the Valentine that falls to
+him, than to the Valentine to whom he has fallen. Fortune having thus
+divided the company into so many couples, the Valentines give balls and
+treats to their fair mistresses, wear their billets several days upon
+their bosoms or sleeves, and this little sport often ends in love."
+
+In Poor Robin's Almanack, 1676, the _drawing_ of Valentines is thus
+alluded to:
+
+  "Now Andrew, Antho-
+    Ny, and William,
+  For Valentines _draw_
+    Prue, Kate, Jilian."
+
+
+Gay makes mention of a method of choosing Valentines in his time, viz.
+that the lad's Valentine was the first lass he spied in the morning, who
+was not an inmate of the house; and the lass's Valentine was the first
+young man she met.
+
+Also, it is a belief among certain playful damsels, that if they pin
+four bay leaves to the corners of the pillow, and the fifth in the
+middle, they are certain of dreaming of their lover.
+
+Shakspeare bears witness to the custom of looking out of window for a
+Valentine, or desiring to be one, by making Ophelia sing:--
+
+  Good morrow! 'tis St. Valentine's day,
+    All in the morning betime,
+  And I a maid at your window.
+    To be your Valentine!
+
+
+In London this day is ushered in by the thundering knock of the postman
+at the different doors, through whose hands some thousands of Valentines
+pass for many a fair maiden in the course of the day. Valentines are,
+however, getting very ridiculous, if we may go by the numerous doggrels
+that appear in the print-shops on this day. As an instance, I transmit
+the reader a copy of some lines appended to a Valentine sent me last
+year. Under the figure of a shoemaker, with a head thrice the size of
+his body, and his legs forming an oval, were the following rhymes:--
+
+  Do you think to be my Valentine?
+  Oh, no! you snob, you shan't be mine:
+  So big your ugly head has grown,
+  No wig will fit to seem your own
+  Go, find your equal if you can,
+  For I will ne'er have such a man;
+  Your fine _bow_ legs and turned-in feet,
+  Make you a _citizen_ complete."
+
+
+The _fair_ writer had here evidently ventured upon a pun; how far
+it has succeeded I will leave others to say. The lovely creature was,
+however, entirely ignorant of my calling; and whatever impression such
+a description would leave on the reader's mind, it made none on mine,
+though in the second verse I was certainly much pleased with the fair
+punster. I wish you saw the engraving!
+
+W.H.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Illustration: Kirkstall Abbey.]
+
+
+The first page or frontispiece embellisment of the present Number of the
+MIRROR illustrates one of the most recent triumphs of art; and the above
+vignette is a fragment of the monastic splendour of the twelfth century.
+Truly this is the _bathos_ of art. The plaster and paint of the
+_Colosseum_ are scarcely dry, and half the work is in embryo;
+whilst _Kirkstall_ is crumbling to dust, and reading us "sermons in
+stones:" we may well say,
+
+  "Look here, upon this picture, and on this."
+
+
+Kirkstall Abbey is situated a short distance from Leeds, in the West
+Riding of Yorkshire. Its situation is one of the most picturesque that
+the children of romance can wish for, being in a beautiful vale, watered
+by the river Aire. It was of the Cistercian order, founded by Henry de
+Lacy in 1157, and valued at the dissolution at 329l. 2s. 11d. Its rents
+are now worth 10,253l. 6s. 8d. The gateway has been walled up, and
+converted into a farm-house. The abbot's palace was on the south; the
+roof of the aisle is entirely gone; places for six altars, three on each
+side the high altar, appear by distinct chapels, but to what saints
+dedicated is not easy, at this time, to discover. The length of the
+church, from east to west, was 224 feet; the transept, from north to
+south, 118 feet. The tower, built in the time of Henry VIII., remained
+entire till January 27, 1779, when three sides of it were blown down,
+and only the fourth remains. Part of an arched chamber, leading to the
+cemetery, and part of the dormitory, still remain. On the ceiling of a
+room in the gatehouse is inscribed,
+
+  Mille et Quingentos postquam compleverit Orbis
+  Tuq: et ter demos per sua signi Deus
+  Prima sauluteferi post cunabula Christi,
+  Cui datur omnium Honor, Gloria, Laus, et Amor.
+
+
+The principal window is particularly admired as a rich specimen of
+Gothic beauty, and a tourist, in 1818, says, "bids defiance to time
+and tempest;" but in our engraving, which is of very recent date, the
+details of the window will be sought for in vain. "Shrubs and trees,"
+observes the same writer, "have found a footing in the crevices, and
+branches from the walls shook in undulating monotony, and with a gloomy
+and spiritual murmur, that spoke to the ear of time and events gone by,
+and lost in oblivion and dilapidation. At the end, immediately beneath
+the colossal window, grows an alder of considerable luxuriance, which,
+added to the situation of every other object, brought Mr. Southey's
+pathetic ballad of 'Mary the Maid of the Inn,' so forcibly before my
+imagination,[5] that I involuntarily turned my eye to search for the
+grave, where the murderers concealed their victim." He likewise tells
+us of "the former garden of the monastery, still cultivated, and
+exhibiting a fruitful appearance;" cells and cavities covered with
+underwood; and his ascent to a gallery by a winding turret stair,
+whence, says he, "the monks of Kirkstall feasted their eyes with all
+that was charming in nature. It is said," adds he, "that a subterraneous
+passage existed from hence to Eshelt Hall, a distance of some miles,
+and that the entrance is yet traced."
+
+
+    [5] We ourselves remember the thrilling effect of our first reading
+        this ballad; especially while clambering over the ruins of
+        Brambletye House. Indeed, the incident of the ballad is of the
+        most sinking character, and it works on the stage with truly
+        melo-dramatic force, Perhaps, there is not a more interesting
+        picture than a solitary tree, tufted on a time-worn ruin; there
+        are a thousand associations in such a scene, which, to the
+        reflective mind, are dear as life's-blood, and as an artist
+        would say, they make a fine study.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+AMERICAN SONG BIRDS.
+
+
+The _Mocking-bird_ seems to be the prince of all song birds, being
+altogether unrivalled in the extent and variety of his vocal powers;
+and, besides the fulness and melody of his original notes, he has the
+faculty of imitating the notes of all other birds, from the humming-bird
+to the eagle. Pennant tells us that he heard a caged one, in England,
+imitate the mewing of a cat and the creaking of a sign in high winds.
+The Hon. Daines Barrington says, his pipe comes nearest to the
+nightingale, of any bird he ever heard. The description, however, given
+by Wilson, in his own inimitable manner, as far excels Pennant and
+Barrington as the bird excels his fellow-songsters. Wilson tells that
+the ease, elegance and rapidity of his movements, the animation of his
+eye, and the intelligence he displays in listening and laying up
+lessons, mark the peculiarity of his genius. His voice is full, strong,
+and musical, and capable of almost every modulation, from the clear
+mellow tones of the wood thrush to the savage scream of the bald eagle.
+In measure and accents he faithfully follows his originals, while in
+force and sweetness of expression he greatly improves upon them.
+In his native woods, upon a dewy morning, his song rises above every
+competitor, for the others seem merely as inferior accompaniments. His
+own notes are bold and full, and varied seemingly beyond all limits.
+They consist of short expressions of two, three, or at most five or six,
+syllables, generally expressed with great emphasis and rapidity, and
+continued with undiminished ardour, for half an hour or an hour at a
+time. While singing, he expands his wings and his tail, glistening with
+white, keeping time to his own music, and the buoyant gaiety of his
+action is no less fascinating than his song. He sweeps round with
+enthusiastic ecstasy, he mounts and descends as his song swells or dies
+away; he bounds aloft, as Bartram says, with the celerity of an arrow,
+as if to recover or recall his very soul, expired in the last elevated
+strain. A bystander might suppose that the whole feathered tribes had
+assembled together on a trial of skill; each striving to produce his
+utmost effect, so perfect are his imitations. He often deceives the
+sportsman, and even birds themselves are sometimes imposed upon by this
+admirable mimic. In confinement he loses little of the power or energy
+of his song. He whistles for the dog; Caesar starts up, wags his tail,
+and runs to meet his master. He cries like a hurt chicken, and the hen
+hurries about, with feathers on end, to protect her injured brood. He
+repeats the tune taught him, though it be of considerable length, with
+great accuracy. He runs over the notes of the canary, and of the red
+bird, with such superior execution and effect, that the mortified
+songsters confess his triumph by their silence. His fondness for
+variety, some suppose to injure his song. His imitations of the brown
+thrush is often interrupted by the crowing of cocks; and his exquisite
+warblings after the blue bird, are mingled with the screaming of
+swallows, or the cackling of hens. During moonlight, both in the wild
+and tame state, he sings the whole night long. The hunters, in their
+night excursions, know that the moon is rising the instant they begin to
+hear his delightful solo. After Shakspeare, Barrington attributes in
+part the exquisiteness of the nightingale's song to the silence of the
+night; but if so, what are we to think of the bird which in the open
+glare of day, overpowers and often silences all competition? His natural
+notes partake of a character similar to those of the brown thrush, but
+they are more sweet, more expressive, more varied, and uttered with
+greater rapidity.
+
+The _Yellow breasted Chat_ naturally follows his superior in the
+art of mimicry. When his haunt is approached, he scolds the passenger in
+a great variety of odd and uncouth monosyllables, difficult to describe,
+but easily imitated so as to deceive the bird himself, and draw him
+after you to a good distance. At first are heard short notes like the
+whistling of a duck's wings, beginning loud and rapid, and becoming
+lower and slower, till they end in detached notes. There succeeds
+something like the barking of young puppies, followed by a variety of
+guttural sounds, and ending like the mewing of a cat, but much hoarser.
+
+The song of the _Baltimore Oriole_ is little less remarkable than
+his fine appearance, and the ingenuity with which he builds his nest.
+His notes consist of a clear mellow whistle, repeated at short intervals
+as he gleams among the branches. There is in it a certain wild
+plaintiveness and _naivete_ extremely interesting. It is not uttered
+with rapidity, but with the pleasing tranquillity of a careless
+ploughboy, whistling for amusement. Since the streets of some of the
+American towns have been planted with Lombardy poplars, the orioles are
+constant visiters, chanting their native "wood notes wild," amid the din
+of coaches, wheelbarrows, and sometimes within a few yards of a bawling
+oysterwoman.
+
+The _Virginian Nightingale_, _Red Bird_, or _Cardinal
+Grosbeak_, has great clearness, variety, and melody in his notes,
+many of which resemble the higher notes of a fife, and are nearly as
+loud. He sings from March till September, and begins early in the dawn,
+and repeating a favourite stanza twenty or thirty times successively,
+and often for a whole morning together, till, like a good story too
+frequently repeated, it becomes quite tiresome. He is very sprightly,
+and full of vivacity; yet his notes are much inferior to those of the
+wood, or even of the brown thrush.
+
+The whole song of the _Black-throated Bunting_ consists of five, or
+rather two, notes; the first repeated twice and very slowly, the third
+thrice and rapidly, resembling _chip_, _chip_, _che-che-che_;
+of which ditty he is by no means parsimonious, but will continue it for
+hours successively. His manners are much like those of the European
+yellow-hammer, sitting, while he sings, on palings and low bushes.
+
+The song of the _Rice Bird_ is highly musical. Mounting and
+hovering on the wing, at a small height above the ground, he chants out
+a jingling melody of varied notes, as if half a dozen birds were singing
+together. Some idea may be formed of it, by striking the high keys of a
+piano-forte singly and quickly, making as many contrasts as possible, of
+high and low notes. Many of the tones are delightful, but the ear can
+with difficulty separate them. The general effect of the whole is good;
+and when ten or twelve are singing on the same tree, the concert is
+singularly pleasing.
+
+The _Red-eyed Flycatcher_ has a loud, lively, and energetic song,
+which is continued sometimes for an hour without intermission. The
+notes are, in short emphatic bars of two, three, or four syllables.
+On listening to this bird, in his full ardour of song, it requires but
+little imagination to fancy you hear the words "Tom Kelly! whip! Tom
+Kelly!'" very distinctly; and hence Tom Kelly is the name given to the
+bird in the West Indies.
+
+The _Crested Titmouse_ possesses a remarkable variety in the tones
+of its voice, at one time not louder than the squeaking of a mouse, and
+in a moment after whistling aloud and clearly, as if calling a dog, and
+continuing this dog-call through the woods for half an hour at a time.
+
+The _Red-breasted Blue Bird_ has a soft, agreeable, and often
+repeated warble, uttered with opening and quivering wings. In his
+courtship he uses the tenderest expressions, and caresses his mate by
+sitting close by her, and singing his most endearing warblings. If a
+rival appears, he attacks him with fury, and having driven him away,
+returns to pour out a song of triumph. In autumn his song changes to a
+simple plaintive note, which is heard in open weather all winter, though
+in severe weather the bird is never to be seen.--_Mag. Nat. Hist._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE JOHN DORY.
+
+
+In the 312th Number of the _Mirror_, several solutions are given of
+the name of a well-known and high-priced fish, the John Dory, or Jaune
+Doree. Sir Joseph Banks's observation, that it should be spelled and
+acknowledged "adoree," because it is the most valuable (or worshipful)
+of fish, as requiring no sauce, is equally absurd and unwarranted; for
+so far from its being incapable of improvement from such adjuncts, its
+relish is materially augmented by any one of the three most usual side
+tureens. The dory attains its fullest growth in the Adriatic, and is a
+favourite dish in Venice, where, as in all the Italian ports of the
+Mediterranean, it is called Janitore, or the gate-keeper, by which title
+St. Peter is most commonly designated among the Catholics, as being the
+reputed keeper of the keys of heaven. In this respect, the name tallies
+with the superstitious legend of this being the fish out of whose mouth
+the apostle took the tribute money. The breast of the animal is very
+much flattened, as if it had been compressed; but, unfortunately for the
+credit of the monks, this feature is exhibited in equally strong
+lineaments by, at least, twenty other varieties of the finny tribe.
+
+Our sailors naturally substituted the appellation of John Dory for the
+Italian Janitore, and a very high price is sometimes given for this fish
+when in prime condition, as I can testify from experience; having two
+years since seen one at Ramsgate which was sold early in the day for
+eighteen shillings.
+
+JOHNNY RAW.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+_THE SELECTOR,_ AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Anecdotes correspond in literature with the sauces, the savoury dishes,
+and the sweetmeats of a splendid banquet;" and as our weekly sheet is a
+sort of _literary fricassee_, the following may not be unacceptable
+to the reader. They are penciled from a work quaintly enough entitled
+"The Living and the Dead, by a Country Curate;" and equally strange,
+the cognomen of the author is not a _ruse_--he being a curate
+at Liverpool, the son of Dr. Adam Neale, and a nephew of the late
+Mr. Archibald Constable, the eminent publisher, of Edinburgh. The
+information which this volume contains, may therefore be received with
+greater confidence than is usually attached to flying anecdotes; since
+Mr. Constable's frequent and familiar intercourse with the first
+literary characters of his time must have given him peculiar facilities
+of observation of their personal habits. The present volume of "The
+Living and the Dead" is what the publisher terms the Second Series; for,
+like Buck, the turncoat actor, booksellers always think that one good
+turn deserves another. Our first extracts relate to Chantrey's monument
+in Lichfield Cathedral, and another of rival celebrity.
+
+At the retired church of Ashbourne is "a remarkable monument", by Banks,
+to the memory of a very lovely and intelligent little girl, a baronet's
+only child. It bears an inscription which, to use the mildest term, as
+it contains not the slightest reference to Christian hopes, should have
+been refused admittance within a Christian church. To the sentiments
+it breathes, Paine himself, had he been alive, could have raised no
+objection. * * * * The figure, which is recumbent, is that of a little
+girl; the attitude exquisitely natural and graceful. It recalls most
+forcibly to the recollection Chantrey's far-famed monument in Lichfield
+Cathedral; for the resemblance, both in design and execution, between
+these beautiful specimens of art is close and striking.
+
+Previous to his executing that most magnificent yet most touching piece
+of sculpture, which alone would have sufficed to immortalize his name,
+Chantrey was, at his own request, locked up alone in the church for two
+hours. This fact may be apocryphal; but the following I do affirm most
+confidently. When I hinted to the venerable matron who shows the
+monument, and who, being a retainer of the Boothby family, feels their
+honour identified with her own, that Chantrey's was by far the finer
+effort of the two, and that I wished I had that yet to see; and my
+companion added, that though the design of the Boothby monument was
+good, the execution was coarse and clumsy in the extreme, compared with
+the elaborate finish of the Robinson's. "Humph," said the old lady, with
+a most vinegar expression of countenance, with a degree of angry
+hauteur, an air of insulted dignity that Yates would have travelled
+fifty miles to witness; "the like of that's what I now hear every day.
+Hang that fellow Chantee, or Cantee, or what you call him; I wish he
+had never been born!" The Ashbourne people are naturally proud of the
+monument. With them it is a kind of idol, to which every stranger is
+required to do homage. Among others, when Prince Leopold passed through
+Ashbourne, and inquiries were made by some of his royal highness's suite
+as to the "lions" of the neighbourhood--"We have one of our own, Sir,"
+was the ready reply; "a noble piece of sculpture in the church." To the
+church the royal mourner was on the very point of repairing, when Sir
+Robert Gardiner suddenly inquired the description to which the sculpture
+in question belonged. "It is a monument, Sir, no one passes through
+without seeing it; for its like is not to be met with in England--it is
+a monument to an only child, whose mother died--" "Not now," said the
+prince faintly; "not now. I too have lost--" and he turned away from
+the carriage in tears.
+
+
+MR. CANNING.
+
+It may be observed, too, by the way, that to Ashbourne the late Mr.
+Canning was remarkably partial. Near it lived a female relative to whom
+he was warmly attached, and under whose roof many of his happiest hours
+were spent. It is stated, that a little poem, entitled, "A Spring
+Morning in Dovedale," one of the earliest efforts of his muse, is still
+in existence; and I have good reasons for knowing, that but a very few
+weeks previous to his death, he stated, in conversation, what delight
+he should feel in "going into that neighbourhood, and revisiting haunts
+which to him had been scenes of almost unalloyed enjoyment." I could
+scarcely believe, so exquisitely tranquil is the scene, the very murmur
+of the stream which flows around seems to soften itself in unison with
+the stillness of the landscape--that Ashbourne had ever been other than
+the abode of rural peace and comfort; and yet I was assured that during
+the war there was scarcely any limit to the bustle and gaiety which
+pervaded it.
+
+
+MR. MOORE, THE POET.
+
+At Mayfield, near Ashbourne, is a cottage where Moore, it is stated,
+composed _Lalla Rookh_. "For some years this distinguished poet
+lived at the neighbouring village of Mayfield; and there was no end to
+the pleasantries and anecdotes that were floating about its coteries
+respecting him; no limit to the recollections which existed of the
+peculiarities of the poet, of the wit and drollery of the man. Go where
+you would, his literary relics were pointed out to you. One family
+possessed pens; and oh! Mr. Bramah! such pens! they would have borne a
+comparison with Miss Mitford's; and those who are acquainted with that
+lady's literary implements and accessaries will admit this is no
+common-place praise--pens that wrote "Paradise and the Peri" in _Lalia
+Rookh_! Another showed you a glove torn up into thin shreds in the
+most even and regular manner possible; each shred being in breadth
+about the eighth of an inch, and the work of the _teeth_! Pairs
+were demolished in this way during the progress of the _Life of
+Sheridan_. A third called your attention to a note written in a
+strain of the most playful banter, and announcing the next "tragi-comedy
+meeting." A fourth repeated a merry impromptu; and a fifth played a very
+pathetic air, composed and adapted for some beautiful lines of Mrs.
+Opie's. But to return to Mayfield. Our desire to go over the cottage
+which he had inhabited was irresistible. It is neat, but very small, and
+remarkable for nothing except combining a most sheltered situation with
+the most extensive prospect. Still one had pleasure in going over it,
+and peeping into the little book-room, ycleped the "Poet's Den," from
+which so much true poetry had issued to delight and amuse mankind. But
+our satisfaction was not without its portion of alloy. As we approached
+the cottage, a figure scarcely human appeared at one of the windows.
+Unaware that it was again inhabited, we hesitated about entering; when a
+livid, half-starved visage presented itself through the lattice, and a
+thin, shrill voice discordantly ejaculated,--"Come in, gentlemen, come
+in. _Don't be afeard!_ I'm only a tailor at work on the premises."
+This villanous salutation damped sadly the illusion of the scene;
+and it was some time before we rallied sufficiently from this horrible
+desecration to descend to the poet's walk in the shrubbery, where,
+pacing up and down the live-long morning, he composed his _Lalla
+Rookh_. It is a little confined gravel-walk, in length about twenty
+paces; so narrow, that there is barely room on it for two persons to
+walk abreast: bounded on one side by a straggling row of stinted
+laurels, on the other by some old decayed wooden paling; at the end of
+it was a huge haystack. Here, without prospect, space, fields, flowers,
+or natural beauties of any description, was that most imaginative poem
+conceived, planned, and executed. It was at Mayfield, too, that those
+bitter stanzas were written on the death of Sheridan. There is a curious
+circumstance connected with them; they were sent to Perry, the
+well-known editor of the _Morning Chronicle_. Perry, though no
+stickler in a general way, was staggered at the venom of two stanzas, to
+which I need not more particularly allude, and wrote to inquire whether
+he might be permitted to omit them. The reply which he received was
+shortly this: "You may insert the lines in the _Chronicle_ or not,
+as you please; I am perfectly indifferent about it; but if you _do_
+insert them, it must be _verbatim_." Mr. Moore's fame would not
+have suffered by their suppression; his heart would have been a gainer.
+Some of his happiest efforts are connected with the localities of
+Ashbourne. The beautiful lines beginning
+
+  "Those evening bells, those evening bells,"
+
+
+were suggested, it is said, by hearing the Ashboume peal; and sweetly
+indeed do they sound at that distance, "both mournfully and slow;" while
+those exquisitely touching stanzas,
+
+  "Weep not for those whom the veil of the tomb
+   In life's happy morning hath hid from our eyes,"
+
+
+were avowedly written on the sister of an Ashbourne gentleman, Mr. P----
+B----. But to his drolleries. He avowed on all occasions an utter horror
+of ugly women. He was heard, one evening, to observe to a lady, whose
+person was pre-eminently plain, but who, nevertheless, had been
+anxiously doing her little endeavours to attract his attention,
+"I cannot endure an ugly woman. I'm sure I could never live with one.
+A man that marries an ugly woman cannot be happy." The lady observed,
+that "such an observation she could not permit to pass without remark.
+She knew many plain couples who lived most happily."--"Don't talk of
+it," said the wit; "don't talk of it. It cannot be."--"But I tell you,"
+said the lady, who became all at once both piqued and positive, "it can
+be, and it is. I will name individuals so circumstanced. You have heard
+of Colonel and Mrs. ----. She speaks in a deep, gruff bass voice;
+he in a thin, shrill treble. She looks like a Jean Doree; he like a
+dried alligator. They are called Bubble and Squeak by some of their
+neighbours; Venus and Adonis by others. But what of that? They are not
+handsome, to be sure; and there is neither mirror nor pier-glass to be
+found, search their house from one end of it to the other. But what of
+that? No _unhandsome reflections_ can, in such a case, be cast by either
+party! I know them well; and a more harmonious couple I never met with.
+Now, Mr. Moore, in reply, what have you to say? I flatter myself I have
+overthrown your theory completely." "Not a whit. Colonel--has got into a
+scrape, and, like a soldier, puts the best face he can upon it." Those
+still exist who were witnesses to his exultation when one morning he
+entered Mrs----'s drawing-room, with an open letter in his hand, and,
+in his peculiarly joyous and animated manner, exclaimed, "Don't be
+surprised if I play all sorts of antics! I am like a child with a new
+rattle! Here is a letter from my friend Lord Byron, telling me he has
+dedicated to me his poem of the 'Corsair.' Ah, Mrs.----, it is nothing
+new for a poor poet to dedicate his poem to a great lord; but it is
+something passing strange for a great lord to dedicate his book to
+a poor poet." Those who know him most intimately feel no sort of
+hesitation in declaring, that he has again and again been heard to
+express regret at the earlier efforts of his muse; or reluctance in
+stating, at the same time, as a fact, that Mr. M., on two different
+occasions, endeavoured to repurchase the copyright of certain poems;
+but, in each instance, the sum demanded was so exorbitant, as of itself
+to put an end to the negotiation. The attempt, however, does him honour.
+And, affectionate father as he is well known to be, when he looks at his
+beautiful little daughter, and those fears, and hopes, and cares, and
+anxieties, come over him which almost choke a parent's utterance as he
+gazes on a promising and idolized child, he will own the censures passed
+on those poems to be just: nay more--every year will find him more and
+more sensible of the paramount importance of the union of female purity
+with female loveliness--more alive to the imperative duty, on a
+father's part, to guard the maiden bosom from the slightest taint of
+licentiousness. It is a fact not generally suspected, though his last
+work, "The Epicurean," affords strong internal evidence of the truth of
+the observation, that few are more thoroughly conversant with Scripture
+than himself. Many of Alethe's most beautiful remarks are simple
+paraphrases of the sacred volume. He has been heard to quote from it
+with the happiest effect--to say there was no book like it--no book,
+regarding it as a mere human composition, which could on any subject
+even "approach it in poetry, beauty, pathos, and sublimity." Long may
+these sentiments abide in him! And as no man, to use his _own_ words,
+"ever had fiercer enemies or firmer friends"--as no man, to use those of
+others, was ever more bitter and sarcastic as a political enemy, more
+affectionate and devoted as a private friend, the more deeply his future
+writings are impregnated with the spirit of that volume, the more
+heartfelt, let him be well assured, will be his gratification in that
+hour when "we shall think of those we love, only to regret that we have
+not loved more dearly, when we shall remember our enemies only to
+forgive them."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+RETROSPECTIVE GLEANINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+REGAL TABLET.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+The following Synopsis of English Sovereigns, and their contemporaries,
+will, it is hoped, be acceptable to the readers of history.
+
+JACOBUS.
+
+
+(_Normans_.)
+
+WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
+
+began his reign, 14th Oct. 1066, died 9th Sept. 1087.
+
+_Contemporaries_.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Alexander II.,   1061.
+Gregory VII.,    1073.
+Victor III.,     1086.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Constantine XII.,1059.
+Romanus IV.,     1068.
+Michael VII.,    1071.
+Nicephorus I.,   1078.
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+Malcolm III.,    1059.
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WILLIAM RUFUS
+
+began his reign 9th Sept. 1087, died 2nd Aug. 1100.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Victor III.,     1086.
+Urban II.,       1088.
+Pascal II.,      1099.
+
+_Emperor of the East._
+
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Henry IV., 1056.
+
+_France_.
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY I.
+
+began his reign 2nd August 1100, ended 1st Dec. 1135.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Pascal II.,      1099.
+Gelassus II.,    1118.
+Calistus II.,    1119.
+Honorius II.,    1124.
+Innocent II.,    1130.
+Celestin II.,    1134.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Alexis I.,       1081.
+John Cominus,    1118.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Henry IV.,       1056.
+Henry V.,        1106.
+Lotharius II.,   1125.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip I.,       1060.
+Louis VI.,       1108.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Donald VIII.,    1068.
+Edgar,           1108.
+David,           1134.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+STEPHEN
+
+began his reign 1st Dec. 1135, ended 25th Oct. 1154.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Celestin II.,    1134.
+Lucius II.,      1144.
+Eugenius III.,   1145.
+Anastasius IV.,  1153.
+Adrian V.,       1154.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+John Cominus,    1118.
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Lotharius II.,   1125.
+Conrad III.,     1138.
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+
+_France._
+
+Louis VI.,       1108.
+Louis VII.,      1137.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+David,           1134.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Saxon Line Restored._
+
+HENRY II.
+
+began his reign 25th Oct. 1154, ended 6th July, 1189.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Adrian IV.,      1154.
+Alexander II.,   1154.
+Lucius III.,     1181.
+Urban III.,      1185.
+Gregory VIII.,   1187.
+Clement III.,    1188.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Emanuel Cominus, 1143.
+Alexis II.,      1180.
+Andronicus I.,   1183.
+Isaac II.,       1185.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+
+_France_.
+
+Louis VII.,      1137.
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+David,           1134.
+Malcolm IV.,     1163.
+William,         1165.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RICHARD I.
+
+began his reign 6th July, 1189, ended 6th April, 1199.
+
+_Popes_.
+
+Clement III.,    1188.
+Celestin III.,   1191.
+Innocent III.,   1198.
+
+_Emperors of the East_.
+
+Isaac II.,       1185.
+Alexis III.,     1195.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Frederic I.,     1152.
+Henry VI.,       1196.
+Philip I.,       1197.
+
+_France_.
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland_.
+
+William,         1165.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+JOHN
+
+began his reign 6th April, 1199, ended 19th Oct. 1216.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Innocent III.,   1198.
+Honorius III.,   1215.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Alexis III.,     1195.
+Alexis IV.,      1203.
+Alexis V.,       1204.
+Theodoras I.,    1204.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Philip I.,       1197.
+Otho IV.,        1208.
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+
+_French Emperors of Constantinople._
+
+Baldwin I.,      1204.
+Henry I.,        1206.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+William,         1165.
+Alexander II.,   1214.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+HENRY III.
+
+began his reign 19th Oct. 1216, ended 16th Nov. 1272.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Honorius III.,   1215.
+Gregory IX.,     1227.
+Celestin IV.,    1241.
+Innocent IV.,    1243.
+Alexander IV.,   1254.
+Urban IV.,       1261.
+Clement IV.,     1265.
+Gregory X.,      1271.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Theodore I.,     1204.
+John III.,       1222.
+Theodore II.,    1225.
+John IV.,        1259.
+Michael VIII.,   1259.
+
+_Emperor of the West._
+
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+
+_French Emperors of Constantinople._
+
+Henry I.,        1206.
+Peter II.,       1217.
+Robert de Cour,  1221.
+Baldwin II.,     1237.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip II.,      1180.
+Louis VIII.,     1223.
+Louis IX.,       1226.
+Philip III.,     1270.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Alexander II.,   1214.
+Alexander III.,  1249.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EDWARD I.
+
+began his reign 16th Nov. 1272, ended 7th July, 1307.
+
+_Popes._
+
+Gregory X.,      1270.
+Innocent V.,     1276.
+Adrian V.,       1276.
+John XXI.,       1276.
+Nicholas III.,   1277.
+Martin IV.,      1281.
+Honorius IV.,    1285.
+Nicholas IV.,    1288.
+Celestin V.,     1294.
+Boniface VIII.,  1294.
+Benedict X.,     1303.
+Clement V.,      1305.
+
+_Emperors of the East._
+
+Michael VIII.,   1259.
+Andronicus II.,  1283.
+
+_Emperors of the West._
+
+Frederic II.,    1212.
+Rodolphus I.,    1273.
+Adolphus,        1291.
+Albert I.,       1298.
+
+_France._
+
+Philip III.,     1270.
+Philip IV.,      1285.
+
+_Scotland._
+
+Alexander III.,  1249.
+John Baliol,     1293.
+Robert Bruce,    1306.
+
+(_To be continued._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+  SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TIMELY REPARTEE.
+
+A soldier of Marshal Saxe's army being discovered in a theft, was
+condemned to be hanged. What he had stolen might be worth about 5s.
+The marshal meeting him as he was being led to execution, said to him,
+"What a miserable fool you were to risk your life for 5s.!"--"General,"
+replied the soldier, "I have risked it every day for five-pence." This
+repartee saved his life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MARSHAL VILLARS.
+
+It was customary, as the French general in command of the Italian army
+passed through Lyons to join his army, for that town to offer him a
+purse full of gold. Marshal Villars on being thus complimented by the
+head magistrate, the latter concluded his speech by observing, that
+Turenne, who was the last commander of the Italian army who had honoured
+the town with his presence, had taken the purse, but returned the money.
+"Ah!" replied Villars, pocketing both the purse and the gold, "I have
+always looked upon Turenne to be _inimitable_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONG STORIES.
+
+Capt. S------, of the ------ regiment, during the American war, was
+notorious for a propensity, not to story-telling, but to telling long
+stories, which he used to indulge in defiance of time and place, often
+to the great annoyance of his immediate companions; but he was so
+good-humoured withal, that they were loth to check him abruptly or
+harshly. An opportunity occurred of giving him a hint, which had the
+desired effect. He was a member of a courtmartial assembled for the
+trial of a private of the regiment. The man bore a very good character
+in general, the offence he had committed was slight, and the court was
+rather at a loss what punishment to award, for it was requisite to award
+some, as the man had been found guilty. While they were deliberating on
+this, Major ------, now General Sir ------, suddenly turning to the
+president, said, in his dry manner, "Suppose we sentence him to hear
+two of Captain S------'s long stories."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GENUINE GAELIC PROCLAMATION.
+
+The crier sounds a flourish on that delightful sonorous instrument,
+the bagpipe, then loquitor, "Tak tent a' ye land louping hallions, the
+meickle deil tamn ye, tat are within the bounds. If any o' ye be foond
+fishing in ma Lort Preadalpine's gruns, he'll be first headit, and syne
+hangit, and syne droom't; an' if ta loon's bauld enough to come bock
+again, his horse and cart will be ta'en frae him; and if ta teils' sae
+grit wi' him tat he shows his ill faurd face ta three times, far waur
+things wull be dune till him. An noo tat ye a' ken ta wull o' ta lairt,
+I'll e'en gang hame and sup my brose."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO LOUISA.
+
+  L et me but hope
+  O lovely maid,
+  U ever will be mine,
+  I 'll bless my fate,
+  S upremely great,
+  A happy _Valentine_.
+
+N.R.H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A DEAD SUBJECT.
+
+"_Dyed_ stockings are always rotten," said a Nottingham
+warehouseman.--"Yes," replied a by-stander, "and you'll be rotten when
+you're _dead_."
+
+GRIZZLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+What will some grave people say to this?--from a "Constant Reader."
+A little boy having swallowed a medal of Napoleon, ran in great
+tribulation to his mother, and told her "that he had swallowed
+_Boneparty_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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