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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/11455-0.txt b/11455-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2c98292 --- /dev/null +++ b/11455-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1521 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11455 *** + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XIV, NO. 385.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + + +HAMPTON COURT. + + +[Illustration: Hampton Court] + + +Here is a bird's-eye view of a royal palace and domain "cut out in +little stars." It is copied from one of Kipp's Views in Great Britain +in the time of Queen Anne, and affords a correct idea of Hampton Court +in all its olden splendour. + +The palace is situated on the north bank of the Thames, two miles west +from Kingston. It was magnificently built by Cardinal Wolsey. After he +became possessed of the lease of the manor of Hampton, "he bestowed," +says Stow, "great cost of building upon it, converting the +mansion-house into so stately a palace, that it is said to have +excited much envy; to avoid which, in the year 1526, he gave it to the +king, who in recompense thereof licensed him to lie in his manor of +Richmond at his pleasure; and so he lay there at certain times;" but +it appears that Wolsey after this occasionally inhabited the palace +(perhaps as keeper;) for in 1527, when some French ambassadors were +in England, the king sent them to be entertained by the Cardinal at +Hampton Court. The preparations for this purpose are detailed in a +MS. copy of Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_, in the British Museum, and +afford the reader some idea of the magnificent taste of the prelate in +matters of state and show. The Cardinal was commanded to receive the +ambassadors with surpassing splendour; then "my Lord Cardinal sent +me (Mr. Cavendish) being his gentleman usher, with two other of my +fellows thither, to foresee all things touching our rooms to be nobly +garnished"--"accordingly our pains were not small nor light, but daily +travelling up and down from chamber to chamber; then wrought the +carpenters, joiners, masons, and all other artificers necessary to be +had to glorify this noble feast." He tells us of "expert cookes, and +connyng persons in the art of cookerie; the cookes wrought both day +and night with suttleties and many crafty devices, where lacked +neither gold, silver, nor other costly things meet for their +purpose"--"280 beds furnished with all manner of furniture to +them, too long particularly to be rehearsed, but all wise men do +sufficiently know what belongeth to the furniture thereof, and that is +sufficient at this time to be said." Wolsey's arrival during the feast +is described quaintly enough: "Before the second course my lord came +in booted and spurred, all sodainely amongst them _proface_;[1] at +whose coming there was great joy, with rising every man from his +place, whom my lord caused to sit still, and keep their roomes, and +being in his apparel as he rode, called for a chayre and sat down in +the middest of the high paradise, laughing and being as merry as ever +I saw him in all my lyff." The whole party drank long and strong, some +of the Frenchmen were led off to bed, and in the chambers of all was +placed abundance of "wine and beere." + +Henry VIII. added considerably to Wolsey's building, and in the latter +part of his reign, it became one of his principal residences. Among +the events connected with the palace are the following:-- + +Edward VI. was born at Hampton Court, October 12, 1537, and his +mother, Queen Jane Seymour, died there on the 14th of the same +month.[2] Her corpse was conveyed to Windsor by water, where she was +buried, November 12. Catharine Howard was openly showed as Queen, at +Hampton Court, August 8, 1540. Catharine Parr was married to the King +at this palace, and proclaimed Queen, July 12, 1543. In 1558, Mary and +Philip kept Christmas here with great solemnity, when the large hall +was illuminated with 1,000 lamps. Queen Elizabeth frequently resided, +and gave many superb entertainments here, in her reign. In 1603-4, the +celebrated conference between Presbyterians and the Established Church +was held here before James I. as moderator, in a withdrawing-room +within the privy-chamber, on the subject of Conformity. All the Lords +of the Council were present, and the conference lasted three days; a +new translation of the Bible was ordered, and some alterations were +made in the Liturgy.[3] + +Charles I. retired to Hampton Court on account of the plague, in 1625, +when a proclamation prohibited all communication between London, +Southwark, or Lambeth, and this place.[4] Charles was brought here +by the army, August 24, 1647, and lived in a state of splendid +imprisonment, being allowed to keep up the state and retinue of a +court, till November 11, following, when he made his escape[5] to the +Isle of Wight. + +In 1651, the Honour and Palace of Hampton were sold to creditors of +the state; but previously to 1657 it came into the possession of +Cromwell, who made it one of his chief residences. Elizabeth, his +daughter, was here publicly married to the Lord Falconberg; and the +Protector's favourite child, Mrs. Claypoole, died here, and was +conveyed with great pomp to Westminster Abbey. + +The palace was occasionally inhabited by Charles II. and James II. +King William resided much at Hampton Court; he pulled down great part +of the old palace, which then consisted of five quadrangles, and +employed Sir Christopher Wren to build on its site the Fountain Court, +or State Apartments. In July, 1689, the Duke of Gloucester, son of the +Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was born here. The Queen sojourned +at Hampton occasionally, as did her successors George I. and II.; but +George III. never resided here. When his late serene highness William +the Fifth, Stadtholder of the United Provinces, was condemned to quit +his country by the French, this palace was appropriated to his use; +and he resided here several years. The principal domestic apartments +of Hampton Court are now occupied by different private families, who +have grants for life from the crown. + +The palace consists of three grand quadrangles: the western +quadrangle, or entrance court is 167 feet 2 inches, north to south, +and 141 feet 7 inches, east to west. This leads to the second, or +middle quadrangle, 133 feet 6 inches, north to south, and 91 feet 10 +inches, east to west; this is usually called the Clock Court, from a +curious astronomical clock by Tompion, over the gateway of the eastern +side; on the southern side is a colonnade of Ionic pillars by Wren. On +the north is the great hall: as this is not mentioned by Cavendish, +probably it was part of Henry's building. It certainly was not +finished till 1536 or 1537, as appears from initials of the King and +Jane Seymour, joined in a true lover's knot, amongst the decorations; +this hall is 106 feet long, and 40 broad. Queen Caroline had a theatre +erected here, in which it was intended that two plays should be +acted weekly during the stay of the Court; but only seven plays were +performed in it by the Drury Lane company,[6] and one afterwards +before the + + + [1] An obsolete French term of salutation, abridged from _Bon prou + vous_, i.e. much good may it do you. + + [2] Stow's Annals. + + [3] Fuller's Church History. + + [4] Rymer's Foedera. + + [5] Clarendon's History of the Rebellion. + + [6] Cibber tells us that the expenses of each play were £50. and + the players were allowed the same sum. The King likewise gave the + managers £200. more, for all the performances. For the last + play, the actors received £100. One of the plays acted here was + Shakspeare's Henry VIII--thus making the palace the scene of + Wolseys downfall, as it had been of his splendour. + + +Duke of Lorraine, afterwards Emperor of Germany. The theatrical +appurtenances were not, however, removed till the year 1798. Adjoining +the hall is the Board of Green Cloth Room, of nearly the same date, +and hung with fine tapestry. + +The eastern quadrangle, or Fountain Court, erected by Sir Christopher +Wren for King William, in 1690, is 100 feet by 177 feet 3 inches. Here +is the King's Gallery, 117 feet by 23 feet 6 inches, which was fitted +up for the Cartoons of Raphael. On the eastern side of the court is +a room in which George I. and George II. frequently dined in public. +North-west of the Fountain Court stands the chapel, which forms the +southern side of the quadrangle; this was partly built by Wolsey, and +was finished by Henry VIII. in 1536, or 1537. The windows were of +beautifully stained glass, and the walls decorated with paintings, but +these embellishments were demolished in the troublous times of 1745. +The chapel was, however, restored by Queen Anne; the floor is of black +and white marble, the pews are of Norway oak, and there is some fine +carving by Gibbons; the roof is plain Gothic with pendent ornaments. + +It is hardly possible for us, within the limits of our columns to do +justice to the magnificence of Hampton Court. The grand facade towards +the garden extends 330 feet, and that towards the Thames 328 feet. The +portico and colonnade, of duplicated pillars of the Ionic order, at +the grand entrance, and indeed, the general design of the elevations, +are in splendid style. On the south side of the palace is the privy +garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to +the Thames. On the northern side is a tennis court, and beyond that a +gate which leads into the wilderness or _Maze_.[7] Further on is the +great gate of the gardens. + +The gardens, which comprise about 44 acres, were originally laid out +by London and Wise. George III. gave the celebrated Brown permission +to make whatever improvements his fine taste might suggest; but he +declared his opinion that they appeared to the best advantage in their +original state, and they accordingly remain so to this day. The extent +of the kitchen gardens is about 12 acres. In the privy garden is a +grape house 70 feet in length, and 14 in breadth; the interior being +wholly occupied by one vine of the black Hamburgh kind, which was +planted in the year 1769, and has in a single year, produced 2,200 +bunches of grapes, weighing, on an average, one pound each. + +The grotesque forms of the gardens, and the mathematical taste in +which they are disposed, are advantageously seen in a bird's-eye view +as in the Engraving, which represents the tortuous beauty of the +parterres, and the pools, fountains, and statues with characteristic +accuracy. The formal avenues, radiating as it were, from the gardens +or centre, are likewise distinctly shown, as is also the canal formed +by Wolsey through the middle avenue. The intervening space, then a +parklike waste, is now planted with trees, and stretches away to the +village of Thames Ditton; and is bounded on the south by the Thames, +and on the north by the high road to Kingston. + +The palace is open to the public, and besides its splendid apartments, +and numerous buildings, there is a valuable collection of pictures, +which are too celebrated to need enumeration. A curious change has +taken place in the occupancy of some apartments--many rooms originally +intended for domestic offices being now tenanted by gentry. The +whole is a vast assemblage of art, and reminds us of the palace of +Versailles, which is about the same distance from Paris as Hampton +Court from London. + + * * * * * + + +GREECE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + Alas! for fair Greece, how her glories are failed, + Her altars are broken, her trophies are gone, + The Crescent her temples and shrines hath invaded, + And Freedom hath bow'd to the Mussulman throne. + + Fair Liberty say! shall the land of Achilles + Reluctantly cherish a dastardly slave, + Who can crouch at the foot of a despot, whose will is + As fickle as wind, and as rude as the wave? + Shall the ashes of heroes enshrouded in glory, + Be spurn'd in contempt by a barbarous horde, + While their sons idly tremble like boys at a story, + And shudder to gaze on the point of a sword? + + Shall Greece, still as lovely as maiden in sorrow, + By Freedom's bright ray ne'er be beam'd on again? + Shall the sun of Engia ne'er rise on the morrow + That lightens her thraldom or loosens her chain? + Oh say, shall the proud eye of scorn fall unheeded, + The hand, taunting, point to "the land of the brave," + And say that Achaia's fair daughters e'er needed + An arm to protect them--a hero to save. + + Rise! courage alone your base station can alter, + Let Beauty, let Liberty, spirit you on, + And while fetters and stripes are their portion who falter, + Remember that Freedom's the stake to be won. + + +J.O.B. + + [7] For an Engraving of the _Maze_, see MIRROR, vol. vi. page 105. + + * * * * * + + +ESCAPE OF CHARLES II. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +In No. 376, of the MIRROR, is a communication from _W.W._ respecting +the pension granted by Charles II. to the Pendrils, for aiding him in +his escape, after the fatal battle of Worcester. There was another +family who enjoyed a pension from the same monarch, named Tattersall, +one of whom conveyed Charles from Brighton in his open fishing-boat. +A descendant is now living at that place, but the family, through +ignorance and neglect, have ceased to enjoy the grant. + +The house in which the king rested at Brighton, is now an inn, in West +Street, called the King's Head, and is kept by a Mr. Eales. + +H. BERGER. + + * * * * * + + +LINES WRITTEN IN A LADY'S ALBUM. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + The star is set that lighted me + Thro' Fancy's wide domain, + And the fairy paths of poesy, + I now may seek in vain. + + 'Tis but when Sorrow's clouds appear, + In frowning darkness o'er me, + The light of Song bursts forth to cheer + The gloomy path before me. + + As o'er the dusky waves at night, + Oft Mariners behold + That ocean-form, St. Ermo's light, + When tempests are foretold. + + Two reasons in my mind arise. + Why Song is _now_ denied me;-- + No light can venture near thine eyes, + Nor Grief--when thou'rt beside me! + +E. + + * * * * * + + +MINSTREL BALLAD. + +WRITTEN ON A FLYLEAF OF A VOLUME OF ONE OF THE "WAVERLEY NOVELS." + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + On the mountain dawns the day, + All the jolly chase is here, + With hawk and horse, and hunting spear; + Hounds are in their couples yelling, + Hawks are whistling, horns are knelling, + Merrily, merrily, mingle they, + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + The mist has left the mountain grey, + Springlets in the dawn are streaming, + Diamonds on the brake are gleaming, + And foresters have busy been, + To track the buck in thicket green; + Now we come to chant our lay, + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + To the green wood haste away, + We can show you where he lies, + Fleet of foot, and tall of size; + We can show the marks he made + When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed; + You shall see him brought to bay. + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Louder, louder, chant the lay, + Waken, lords and ladies say, + Tell them youth, and mirth and glee, + Run a course as well as we, + Time, stern huntsman! who can balk, + Stanch as hound, and fleet as hawk? + Think of this, without delay, + Gentle lords and ladies gay. + +C.C. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SKETCH-BOOK + + * * * * * + +PHYSIOGNOMY OF HOUSES. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Houses undoubtedly present to the eye of fancy, an appearance +analogous to physiognomical expression in men. The remark has been +made by more acute observers than myself. + +Look at that beetle-browed, solemn looking mansion with a ponderous +hat-roof--I mean of slates, garnished with bay windows--observe its +heavy jaws of areas, its hard, close mouth of a door; its dark, deep +sunken eyes of windows peering out from the heavy brow of dark stone +coping that supports the slate hat in question: what a contrast to +the spruce mock gentility of its neighbour, with a stand-up collar of +white steps, a varnished face, and a light, jaunty, yet stiff air, +like a city apprentice in his best clothes. + +See the cap on the temple of that Chinese Mandarin, poking above yon +clump of firs, with its bell furniture; he seems pondering on the +aphorisms of Confucius, regardless of that booby faced conservatory, +whose bald, rounded pate glitters in the sun. Ah! what have we here; a +spruce masquerader in yellow straw hat, trying to look rural with as +much success as a reed thatched summer house. Stand in this quiet nook +a few hours, and give us the shadow of your mushroom covering. + +There is a poor, forlorn wretch with his rags fluttering about him +like a beggar--give him a penny--he must be in distress--look at +his shattered face and dilapidated form; shored up upon crutches, +tottering on the brink of the sewers--shores I mean--of eternity; +behold his crushed and crownless hat--his hollow eyes--his rheumy +visage--look at that petition penned on his breast. Poh! 'tis a +surveyor's notice to pull down. But, then, look at that plurality +parson with rotund prominence of portico, and red brick cheeks of vast +extent, and that high, steeple-crowned hat--look at the smug, mean, +insignificant dwarf of a meeting-house, sinking up to its knees in a +narrow lane, and looking as blank as a wall, with a trap-door of a +mouth, and a grating cast of eye. How yonder bridegroom, just cemented +in an alliance that will not last out his lease of life, "spick and +span new," all eyes, and a double row of buttons ornamenting his +latticed waistcoat, looks at his adored opposite, who holds her +Venetian parasol--sun shade--before her face, glowing like a red brick +wall in the sun. Ah! his regards are attracted by a modest little +nymph of the grove, seated snugly in a sylvan recess, her pretty white +cheeks peeping out beneath the tresses of honeysuckle and woodbine +that veil her beauty. Well, _railing_ is in this case allowable, for +see that brazen front of maiden sixty, guiltless of curls, with a huge +structure of bonnet cocked straight at the top of her head, like the +roof of a market-house, and her broad, square skirts of faded green, +deformed by formal knots of yew and holly. Look with what a blushless +face of triumph she eyes her poor tottering neighbour opposite, who +never appears destined "to suffer a recovery." Oh, 'tis remorseless! +But look down that vista of charity children in slate coloured Quaker +bonnets, stuck one against the other in drab, like pins in a paper, +but not so bright; are they going to stand there for ever, with their +governess at their head, looking as smug and fubsy as the squat house +at the end? Why 'tis--street!--Look at the pump at the other end, that +might pass for an abridgment of a parish clerk--and see, there comes +stalking across the Green the parish beadle, with a great white +placard in his hat--you might well mistake him for Alderman ----'s +monument in red brick with the marble tablet on the top of it. Ah! my +pretty rustic--why your straw hat and brown stuff frock, with white +bib, and that gay flowered apron, with the sprig of jessamine stuck +at your side--you look so homely and comely beneath the shade of that +tall oak, that I could fancy you were only the shepherd's cottage +at the corner of the grange. Bless me--here's a modern antique, +masquerading in the country!--why a village belle of queen Bess' days, +looking as new and as fresh as the young 'squire's lodge, fresh out +of the hands of his fancy architect. More mummery! why this gentleman +looks as fine and as foolish in his affectation of rugged points and +quaint angles, as a staring, white-washed, Gothic villa with the paint +not yet dry. Oh! there is certainly no denying that thou art the +primest of Quakers, Mr. Chapel, one that will not countenance a +_belle_, but lookest right onward in smooth and demure solidity, with +that strip of white path in front of thy brown gravel waistcoat, and +the ample skirts of thy road-coloured surtout; not so your neighbour +Sturdy, him with his chimney like an ink bottle, upright in his +button hole, and his pen-like poplar in his hand; he is equally +uncompromising, but looks with an eye of stern regard upon that gay +sprig of myrtle with his roof of a hat, jauntily clapped on one side, +and a towering charming feather, streaming like smoke in the breeze. +But whither have my vagaries led me--here I am once more in the +dullest of dull country towns, over which strides the gouty old dean, +like a Gothic arch across a cathedral city; and see how the wealthy +innkeeper dangles his broad medal (sign of his having been in the +yeomanry) that swings to the wind like the banner of his troop--how +contemptuously he eyes that solid looking overseer, the workhouse, +with his right and lefthand men the executioners of the law--Stocks +and Cage--oh! turn away--there is that villanous cross barred gripe +the Jail--enough, enough, indeed. + +LAVATERIELLO. + + * * * * * + + + + +MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS. + + * * * * * + +CURIOUS CEREMONY OF DRIVING DEER THROUGH THE WATER (FORMERLY +PRACTISED) IN LYME PARK, CHESHIRE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Ormerod, in his splendid _History of Cheshire_, says, "The park of +Lyme, which is very extensive, is celebrated for the fine flavour of +its venison, and contains a herd of wild cattle, the remains of a +breed which has been kept here from time immemorial, and is supposed +indigenous. In the last century a custom was observed here of driving +the deer round the park about Midsummer, or rather earlier, collecting +them in a body before the house, and then swimming them through a pool +of water, with which the exhibition terminated." There is a large +print of it by Vivares, after a painting by T. Smith, representing +Lyme Park during the performance of the annual ceremony, with the +great Vale of Cheshire and Lancashire, as far as the Rivington Hills +in the distance, and in the foreground the great body of the deer +passing through the pool, the last just entering it, and the old stags +emerging on the opposite bank, two of which are contending with their +fore-feet, the horns at that season being too tender to combat with. +This "art of driving the deer" like a herd of ordinary cattle, is +stated on a monument, at Disley, to have been first perfected by +Joseph Watson, who died in 1753, at the age of 104, "having been +park-keeper at Lyme more than sixty-four years." The custom, however, +appears not to have been peculiar to Lyme, as Dr. Whitaker describes, +in his _Account of Townley_, (the seat of a collateral line of Legh,) +"near the summit of the park, and where it declines to the south, the +remains of a large pool, through which tradition reports that the deer +were driven by their keepers in the manner still practised in the park +at Lyme."[8] + +Lyme Park is situated near the road from Manchester to London, through +Buxton, adjacent to the picturesque village of Disley. + +Lyme Hall is the seat of the principal of the ancient family of Leghs. +Perkins _à Legh_, a Norman, who was buried in Macclesfield Church, +rendered considerable services in the battle of Cressy, for which he +was presented with the estate and lordship of Lyme. The building is, +in part, of the date of Elizabeth; and the other a regular structure, +from a design of Leoni. + +P.T.W. + + [8] History of Whalley. + + * * * * * + + +STANNARY PARLIAMENT. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +In the Forest of Dartmoor, Devonshire, between Tavistock and Chegford, +is a high hill, called Crocken Tor, where the tinners of this county +are obliged by their charter to assemble their parliaments, or the +jurats who are commonly gentlemen within the jurisdiction, chosen +from the four stannary courts of coinage in this county, of which the +lord-warden is judge. The jurats being met to the number sometimes of +two or three hundred, in this desolate place, are quite exposed to the +weather and have no other place to sit upon but a moor-stone bench, +and no refreshments but what they bring with them; for this reason the +steward immediately adjourns the court to Tavistock, or some other +stannary town. + +HALBERT H. + + * * * * * + + +DOWRUCK. + + +In different parts of the North of England it is customary for the +labouring men to come before their masters at the close of their +_dowruck_ (day's work,) and inform him of their labours; the number of +hours their work took them are cut in notches upon an ash stick, and +at the end of the week when the men are paid, the stick is produced, +which immediately shows what each man is entitled to. + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +FAITOUR LANE, + + +Or as it is now called, Fetter Lane, is a term used by Chaucer, for an +idle fellow. The propriety of its denomination is indisputable. + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +ROBIN HOOD. + + +At Brough Sowerby, in Westmoreland, is an ale-house bearing the sign +of Robin Hood, with the following lines beneath it:-- + + + "Good frinds, good frinds, my ale is good. + It is the sign of Robin Hood, + If Robin Hood be not at hoame, + Step in and drink with Littel Johne." + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +JACK OF HILTON, THE BRAZEN IMAGE, ALIAS AN AEOLIPILE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Dr. Plot, in his _History of Staffordshire_, says, "The following +service is due from the Lord of Essington, in Staffordshire, to the +Lord of Hilton, about a mile distant, viz. that the Lord of the Manor +of Essington, shall bring a goose every New year's day, and drive it +round the fire in the hall at Hilton, at least three times, whilst +_Jack of Hilton_ is blowing the fire. Now Jack of Hilton is a little +hollow image of brass, of about twelve inches high, kneeling upon his +left knee, and holding his right hand upon his head, having a little +hole in the place of the mouth, about the bigness of a great pin's +head, and another in the back about two-thirds of an inch diameter, at +which last hole it is filled with water, it holding about four pints +and a quarter, which when set to a strong fire, evaporates after the +same manner as in an _Aeolipile_, and vents itself at the smaller hole +at the mouth in a constant blast, blowing the fire so strongly that it +is very audible, and makes a sensible impression on that part of the +fire where the blast lights, as I found by experience, May 26, 1680. +After the Lord of Essington, or his deputy, or bayliffe, has driven +the goose round the fire (at least three times) whilst this image +blows it, he carries it into the kitchen of Hilton Hall, and delivers +it to the cook, who having dressed it, the Lord of Essington, or his +bayliffe, by way of further service, brings it to the table of the +Lord paramount of Hilton and Essington, and receives a dish of meat +from the said Lord of Hilton's table, for his own mess." + +The Aeolipile, in hydraulics, is an instrument consisting of a hollow +metallic ball, with a slender neck or pipe, arising from it. This +being filled with water, and thus exposed to the fire, produces a +vehement blast of wind. + +This instrument, Des Cartes and others, have made use of, to account +for the natural cause and generation of wind; and hence its name, +Aeolipile, _pila Aeoli_, Aeolus's ball. + +In Italy it is said that the Aeolipile is commonly made use of to cure +smoky chimneys; for being hung over the fire, the blast arising from +it carries up the loitering smoke along with it. This instrument was +known to the ancients, and is mentioned by Vitruvius. + +Some late authors have discovered the extraordinary use to which the +frauds of the heathen priesthood applied the Aeolipile, viz. the +working of sham miracles. Besides _Jack of Hilton_, which had been +an ancient Saxon, image, or idol, Mr. Weber shows, that _Pluster_, a +celebrated German idol, is also of the Aeolipile kind, and in virtue +thereof, could do noble feats: being filled with a fluid, and then +set on the fire, it would be covered with sweat, and as the heat +increased, would at length burst out into flames. + +An Aeolipile of great antiquity, made of brass, was some years since +dug up on the site of the Basingstoke Canal, and presented to the +Antiquarian Society of London. Instead of being globular, with a bent +tube, it is in the form of a grotesque human figure, and the blast +proceeds from its mouth. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF WEARING THE VEIL. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +The origin of the veil is referred by the Greeks to modesty and +bashfulness. + +About thirty furlongs from the city of Sparta, Icarius placed a +statue of MODESTY, for the purpose of perpetuating the following +incident:--Icarius having married his daughter to Ulysses, solicited +his son-in-law to fix his household in Sparta, and remain there with +his wife, to which Ulysses would not consent. + +Icarius made the request to his daughter, conjuring her not to abandon +him, but seeing her ready to depart with Ulysses, for Ithaca, he +redoubled his efforts to detain her, nor could he be prevailed on to +desist from following the chariot on the way. + +Ulysses wearied with the importunities of Icarius, said to his wife, +"_You_ can best answer this request; it is yours to determine whether +you will remain with your father at Sparta, or depart with your +husband for Ithaca; you are mistress of the decision." + +The beautiful Penelope finding herself in this dilemma, blushed, and +without making the least reply, drew her veil over her face, thereby +intimating a denial to her father's request, and sunk into the arms of +her husband. + +Icarius, very sensibly affected by this behaviour, and being desirous +of transmitting it to posterity by the most durable monument, +consecrated a statue to Modesty, on the very spot where Penelope had +thrown the veil over her face; that after her it might be a universal +symbol of delicacy among the fair sex. + +C.K.W. + + * * * * * + + +The manners of the Welsh must have been even less delicate than those +of the Anglo-Saxons; for they thought it necessary to make a law, +"that none of the courtiers should give the queen a blow, or snatch +any thing with violence from her, under the penalty of incurring her +majesty's displeasure." + + * * * * * + + +FUNERAL OF A BURMESE PRIEST. + + +The funeral pile, in this case, is a car on wheels; and the body is +blown away, from a huge wooden cannon or mortar, with the purpose, I +believe, of conveying the soul more rapidly to heaven! Immense crowds +are collected on occasions of these funerals, which, far from being +conducted with mourning or solemnity, are occasions of rude mirth and +boisterous rejoicing. Ropes are attached to each extremity of the car, +and pulled in opposite directions by adverse parties; one of these +being for consuming the body, the other for opposing it. The +latter are at length overcome, fire is set to the pile amidst loud +acclamations, and the ceremony is consummated.--_Crawford's Embassy to +Ava_. + + * * * * * + + +PLAN FOR A NEW CITY. + + +[Illustration: Plan For A New City] + +(_To the Editor of The Mirror_.) + + +The various ages, interests, and tastes which govern the progressive +growth of cities, seem to be irremediable causes of the irregularity +and inconvenience of their final formations or plans--and until this +illustrious age of magnanimous projects and improvements, it would +have been thought ridiculous to offer any radical expedient for a +general improvement in the plans of cities; but _now_ that we see +_new_ cities growing round the metropolis, and new towns planned for +the distant dominions of Great Britain, it seems to be a convenient +season for explaining my notions respecting the general plan of a +city, with regard _only to the directions of the streets_, which after +the repeated consideration of fifty years, I have concluded may, and +ought to be, all straight streets, from _every extremity_, to the +opposite, whatever be the form of the _outermost_ boundary of the city +or town.--These _conclusions_ would most probably have passed off in +silence, but for an accidental fancy arising in my mind, on reading +lately in the Psalms, "_Jerusalem is a city that is in unity with +itself_." This text awakened my dormant ideas on the proper formation +of streets, and anticipating the reunion of the Jews, I began the +accompanying sketch for a "_Holy City_," or "_a New Jerusalem_," which +accounts for the twelve gates according with the original number of +the tribes of Israel, and the ten streets which diverge from each gate +are symbolic of the Ten Commandments, wherein they were commanded to +walk; the twelve circular areas I thought to be properly dedicated to +the Twelve Apostles of Christianity, under the idea that when the +Jews are again called together it will be under the new covenant of +Christianity, so that nothing could (in that case) be more appropriate +than placing the original propagators of it where so many paths led +towards them--and after fixing the place of public worship in the +centre, my orthodoxy ceased to affect my scheme, for want of that +technical knowledge which further detail would require--and having +accomplished my favourite determination of planning a town without +winding streets or crooked lanes. I offer it to the MIRROR as an +amusing novelty for the entertainment of its numerous readers. I think +it would be not inappropriate to call it the Royal City of _Victoria_. + +CHARLES MATTER. + +(To the ingenious designer of the annexed sketch, we are likewise +indebted for the Plan for a Maze, in our Vol. vii. page 233. Mr. H. +very pertinently observes to us "imagine what would have been said of +this plan for a city, had Belzoni or Buckingham found exactly such a +one in Assyria or Egypt,--of antique date?") + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS. + + * * * * * + +NEW EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. + + +It is rather late in the day to speak of what is technically termed +the "getting-up" of this elegant edition of the most popular works of +our time. There are now three volumes published--_Waverley_, in two +vols. and one vol. or half of _Guy Mannering_. Each of the +former contains upwards of 400 pages, and the latter nearly that +number--beautifully printed in what we call a very inviting type, on +excellent paper, of rich colour, and not too garish for the eye of +the reader. The engravings to _Waverley_ are by Graves, C. Rolls, +and Raddon, after E.P. and J. Stephanoff, Newton, and Landseer--a +frontispiece and plate title page and vignette to each volume. To our +taste the vignettes are exquisite--one by Landseer, _David Gellatley, +with Ban and Buscar_, is extremely beautiful. The illustrations to the +volume of _Guy Mannering_ are by Duncan, and C.G. Cooke, after Leslie +and Kidd. The volumes are in substantial canvass binding. Their low +price, a crown a-piece, is the marvel of bookselling, for were they +only reprints without copyright, they would be unprecedentedly cheap. +The whole series will extend to forty volumes, to be published in +three years, and will cost ten pounds. Fifteen-pence a week for the +above term will thus provide a family with one of the most elegant +drawing-room libraries that can be desired. They will about occupy +three _cheffonier_ shelves;--or what delightful volumes for fire-side +shelves, or a "little book-room," or a breakfast parlour opening on +a carpet of lawn--or to read by the hour, with a golden-haired +lady-friend, and chat awhile, and then turn to the most attractive +scenes in the novel, while we ourselves are perhaps enacting the hero +in a romance of real life. Few novels admit of a second reading; +but the _Waverley_ series will never lose their attraction--and to +remember when and where, and with whom you first read each of them, +may perhaps revive many pleasantries. + +Of the literary Notes and emendations of the present edition, we have +already expressed our opinion by the selection of several of them for +the pages of the MIRROR; and in the progress of the publication, we +shall endeavour to award similar justice to each of the works. + +In the _Athenaeum_, of August 5, the presumed profit on the whole +edition is estimated at £100,000.! The calculation of the sale of +12,000 of each work is a reasonable one, and splendid as, in that +case, the reward will be, the reading-public will be the gainers. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE FAMILY LIBRARY. + +_HISTORY OF THE JEWS._ + + +We scarcely know how to do justice to the high character of the series +of volumes now publishing under this denomination. In printing and +embellishment they take the lead of the Periodical Works of our day, +(and some of these are extremely beautiful,) while their literary +worth is even of superior order. Although they are matter-of-fact +works--as in history and biography--they are not mere compilations of +dry details and uninteresting lives; but they are so interspersed with +new views, and the facts are so often re-written, that the whole have +the appearance of original works. Excellent principles, and economy of +cost are, likewise, two important points of their recommendations; for +many works which have already appeared on the same subjects, have +been deformed by party spirit, and written to serve a sect, or are +so expensive as to be purchaseable only by the wealthy ranks, and +scarcely accessible by the middle classes of society; whereas the +Family Library is published at a rate within the reach of two-thirds +of the reading public, who may therefore possess what they read, +and appreciate the value of these volumes as works of reference and +authority. + +The division of the series which has called forth this notice, is No. +5, or the first volume of the _History of the Jews_, to be completed +in three volumes, by the Rev. H.H. Milman, Professor of Poetry at +Oxford, and the author of the splendid poem--The Fall of Jerusalem; +and judging by the portion before us, this work will form one of the +most attractive in the whole series. In proof of this it would be easy +to select many passages which are beautifully picturesque; a few, +however, will suffice: + +"The Jews, without reference to their religious belief, are among +the most remarkable people in the annals of mankind. Sprung from one +stock, they pass the infancy of their nation in a state of servitude +in a foreign country, where, nevertheless, they increase so rapidly, +as to appear on a sudden the fierce and irresistible conquerors of +their native valleys in Palestine. There they settle down under a form +of government and code of laws totally unlike those of any other rude +or civilized community. They sustain a long and doubtful conflict, +sometimes enslaved, sometimes victorious, with the neighbouring +tribes. At length, united under one monarchy, they gradually rise to +the rank of a powerful, opulent, and commercial people. Subsequently +weakened by internal discord, they are overwhelmed by the vast +monarchies which arose on the banks of the Euphrates, and transplanted +into a foreign region. They are partially restored, by the generosity +or policy of the Eastern sovereigns, to their native land. They are +engaged in wars of the most romantic gallantry, in assertion of their +independence, against the Syro-Grecian successors of Alexander. Under +Herod, they rise to a second era of splendour, as a dependent kingdom +of Rome: finally, they make the last desperate resistance to the +universal dominion of the Caesars. Scattered from that period over +the face of the earth--hated, scorned, and oppressed, they subsist, +a numerous and often a thriving people; and in all the changes of +manners and opinions retain their ancient institutions, their national +character, and their indelible hope of restoration to grandeur and +happiness in their native land. Thus the history of this, perhaps +the only unmingled race, which can boast of high antiquity, leads us +through every gradation of society and brings us into contact with +almost every nation which commands our interest in the ancient world; +the migratory pastoral population of Asia; Egypt, the mysterious +parent of arts, science, and legislation; the Arabian Desert; the +Hebrew theocracy under the form of a federative agricultural republic, +their kingdom powerful in war and splendid in peace; Babylon, in its +magnificence and downfall; Grecian arts and luxury endeavouring to +force an unnatural refinement within the pale of the rigid Mosaic +institutions; Roman arms waging an exterminating war with the +independence even of the smallest states; it descends, at length, to +all the changes in the social state of the modern European and Asiatic +nations." + +At page 32, there is an interesting picture of the state of society in +Patriarchal times--the whole of the life of Moses is extremely well +written--the description of the Plague is indeed terrific--and the +death and character of the Prophet drawn with a masterly and vigorous +hand. The reigns of David and Solomon, as might be expected, are +magnificently told. Among the picturesque sketches none exceed the-- + +DESCRIPTION OF PALESTINE. + +"It is almost impossible to calculate with accuracy the area of a +country, the frontier of which is irregular on every side. Lowman has +given three different estimates of the extent of territory occupied +by the twelve tribes, the mean between the two extremes approaches +probably the nearest to the truth. According to this computation, the +Jewish dominion, at the time of the Division, was 180 miles long, by +130 wide, and contained 14,976,000 acres. This quantity of land +will divide to 600,000 men, about 21-1/2 acres in property, with a +remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the Levitical cities, the princes of +tribes, the heads of families, and other public uses. Assuming this +estate of 21-1/2 acres, assigned to each household, of course a +larger proportion of pasture must have been given to those tribes who +subsisted on their herds and flocks, than of arable to those who +lived by tillage, the portions of the latter, therefore, must be +considerably reduced. On the other hand, the extraordinary fertility +of the whole country must be taken into the account. No part was +waste; very little was occupied by unprofitable wood; the more fertile +hills were cultivated in artificial terraces, others were hung with +orchards of fruit trees; the more rocky and barren districts were +covered with vineyards. Even in the present day, the wars and +misgovernment of ages have not exhausted the natural richness of the +soil. Galilee, says Malte Brun, would be a paradise were it inhabited +by an industrious people, under an enlightened government. No land +could be less dependent on foreign importation; it bore within itself +every thing that could be necessary for the subsistence and comfort +of a simple agricultural people. The climate was healthy, the seasons +regular; the former rains, which fell about October, after the +vintage, prepared the ground for the seed; the latter, which prevailed +during March and the beginning of April, made it grow rapidly. +Directly the rains ceased, the grain ripened with still greater +rapidity, and was gathered in before the end of May. The summer months +were dry and very hot, but the nights cool and refreshed by copious +dews. In September, the vintage was gathered. Grain of all kinds, +wheat, barley, millet, zea, and other sorts, grew in abundance; the +wheat commonly yielded thirty for one. Besides the vine and the +olive, the almond, the date, figs of many kinds, the orange, the +pomegranates, and many other fruit-trees, flourished in the greatest +luxuriance. Great quantity of honey was collected. The balm tree, +which produced the opobalsamum, a great object of trade, was probably +introduced from Arabia in the time of Solomon. It nourished about +Jericho and in Gilead." + +This is but a portion of the sketch. The wealth and commerce of the +country is thus told: + +"The only public revenue of the Hebrew commonwealth was that of the +sacred treasury, the only public expenditure that of the religious +worship. This was supported by a portion of the spoils taken in war; +the first fruits, which in their institution were no more than could +be carried in a basket, at a later period were rated to be one part in +sixty; the redemption of the first born, and of whatever was vowed to +the Lord. Almost every thing of the last class might be commuted for +money according to a fixed scale. The different annual festivals were +well calculated to promote internal commerce: maritime or foreign +trade, is scarcely mentioned in the law, excepting in two obscure +prophetic intimations of advantages, which the tribes of Dan and +Zebulun were to derive from their maritime situation. On this subject +the lawgiver could have learned nothing in Egypt. The commerce of that +country was confined to the inland caravan trade. The Egyptians hated +or dreaded the sea, which they considered either the dwelling of the +evil principle, or the evil principle itself. At all events, the +Hebrews at this period were either blind to the maritime advantages of +their situation, or unable to profit by them. The ports were the last +places they conquered. Sidon, if indeed within their boundary, never +lost its independence; Tyre, if it existed, was a town too obscure to +be named; Ecdippa and Acco remained in the power of the Canaanites; +Joppa is not mentioned as a port till much later. The manufactures of +the people supplied their own wants; they brought from Egypt the arts +of weaving woollens and linens, stuffs made of fine goats' hair, and +probably cotton; of dying in various colours, and bleaching, and of +embroidering; of many kinds of carpenter's work; of building, some +of the rules of which were regulated by law; of making earthenware +vessels; of working in iron, brass, and the precious metals, both +casting them and forming them with the tool; of gilding, engraving +seals, and various other kinds of ornamental work, which were +employed in the construction of the altars and sacred vessels of the +Tabernacle." + +Among the illustrative passages we notice the following exquisite +paragraph on the-- + +HEBREW POETS. + +"THE three most eminent men in the Hebrew annals, Moses, David, and +Solomon, were three of their most distinguished poets. The hymns of +David excel no less in sublimity and tenderness of expression than in +loftiness and purity of religious sentiment. In comparison with them +the sacred poetry of all other nations sinks into mediocrity. They +have embodied so exquisitely the universal language of religious +emotion, that (a few fierce and vindictive passages excepted, natural +in the warrior-poet of a sterner age,) they have entered with +unquestioned propriety into the ritual of the holier and more perfect +religion of Christ. The songs which cheered the solitude of the desert +caves of Engedi, or resounded from the voice of the Hebrew people as +they wound along the glens or the hill-sides of Judaea, have been +repeated for ages in almost every part of the habitable world, in the +remotest islands of the ocean, among the forests of America or the +sands of Africa. How many human hearts have they softened, purified, +exalted!--of how many wretched beings have they been the secret +consolation!--on how many communities have they drawn down the +blessings of Divine Providence, by bringing the affections into unison +with their deep, devotional fervour." + +The present volume extends from the time of Abraham to the Babylonian +Captivity. It is illustrated with three excellent maps, and a few wood +cuts; but we are convinced that we need add nothing further of its +contents to recommend the _History of the Jews_ to the attention of +our readers; for it is one of the most splendid and fascinating works +in our recollection. + + * * * * * + + +LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING KNOWLEDGE. + + +The Fourth Part of this well-arranged publication, is "_The Pursuit of +Knowledge under difficulties illustrated by Anecdotes_." The matter +is judiciously divided into chapters, as "Strength of the Passion for +Knowledge--Humble Station no Obstacle--Obscure Origin--Artists rising +from the lower to the higher classes--Late Learners--Early Age +of Great Men--Self-educated Men--Literary Pursuits of +Soldiers--Merchants, Booksellers, and Printers." All these heads are +illustrated by anecdotes--some of them well known, others drawn +from uncommon sources--and all replete with useful information, and +furnishing an exhaustless store of entertainment. Such a volume is, +indeed, _a book for the people_, and will do more towards the spread +of knowledge, and the excitement of those engaged in its pursuit, than +scores of fine-spun theories cramped up with technicalities. For young +people we consider this book a real treasure; since the examples +selected are not those of men who became intoxicated with their +success, or gave up useful occupation for mere elegant literature or +experimental knowledge; but the instances are chiefly of such as have +turned their genius to good account, or for the benefit of themselves +and their fellow men. We call such men the _honourables of the land_, +whose examples should be written in letters of gold, and on monuments +of marble, as helps to social duties and for the imitation of after +times. + +We have marked for our next number a few extracts which will be +interesting to our readers to explain the mode by which the heads of a +chapter are illustrated. The biographettes of John Hunter, Simpson, J. +Stone, and Fergusson, and the introductory illustrations of Newton, +are the most striking portions of the volume; and they maybe read and +re-read with increasing advantage. Of Hunter and Fergusson there are +good portraits. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY. + + * * * * * + + +_Block Machinery._ + + +Mr. Faraday has lately described at the Royal Institution, Brunel's +Block Machinery at Portsmouth, with a set of magnificent models of +this admirable invention, which were lent to the Society by the +Navy Board. They consist of eight separate machines, which work in +succession, so as to begin and finish off a two-sheaved block four +inches in length. These were put by Messrs. Maudsley and Field's men +(who made them) into such communication and action, as to perform the +set of operations in the most perfect manner. + +Mr. F. briefly stated that the Block Machinery of Portsmouth, by +adjustments, could manufacture blocks of 100 different sizes--could +with thirty men make 100 per hour; and from the time of its completion +in 1804-5 to the present day, had required no repairs from Maudsley, +the original manufacturer. The total cost was given at 46,000 _l_., +and the saving per annum in time of war 25,000 _l_. This is a paragon +of art which we could see again and again. + + +_Enameled Street Names._ + +The names of the Streets in Paris have been recently put up on +enameled plates; the ground being blue, and the letters white. The +substance on which the enameling is performed is lava in slabs; the +same substance has since been used as the basis of certain enameled +designs; it is much superior in some points to porcelain in this +application, because the necessary exposure to fire does not cause it +to crack in the manner that porcelain does.--_From the French_. + + +_Preservation of Wine Must._ + +Charcoal was added to grape must, in the proportion of 100 grains to a +litre (2.1 pints), or if very much inclined to ferment, more +charcoal was used. When the liquid had settled, and become clear and +colourless, it was removed from the charcoal, and put into bottles +or casks, to be closed up, and preserved. It will not enter into +fermentation, even in close vessels; for the charcoal has absorbed +the ferment. Nevertheless, the ferment has not lost its powers by +combination with the carbon; for, if left in the must, the latter +begins to ferment, but only where in contact with the former.--_From +the French_. + + +_Weevils in Granaries._ + +Wash the floor and sides of the granary with a mixture of urine and +water before the corn is stored up; this washing is to be repeated +several times, the walls and floors of the granary being well swept +between each operation.--_From the French_. + + +_French Eggs and Apples._ + +In the year 1827 there were 63,109,618 hen's eggs, and 14,182 bushels +of apples imported from France into England. + + +_Enlargement of Artichokes._ + +The gardeners in the south of France increase the size of artichokes +by splitting the stem into four at the base of the receptacle, and +introducing two small sticks in the form of a cross. This operation +should not be made until the stem has attained the height it ought to +have.--_From the French_. + + +_Preservation of Potatoes._ + +Potatoes at the depth of one foot in the ground, produce shoots near +the end of spring; at the depth of two feet they appear in the middle +of summer; at three feet they are very short, and never come to the +surface; and between three and five feet they cease to vegetate. In +consequence of observing these effects several parcels of potatoes +were buried in a garden at the depth of three and a half feet, and +were not removed. until after an interval of one or two years. They +were then found without, any shoots, and possessing their original +freshness, firmness, goodness, and taste. _From the French_. + + +_Leeches._ + +It is well known that atmospheric changes have a remarkable influence +upon leeches. In 1825, M. Derheim, of St. Omer, ascribes the almost +sudden death of them at the approach of, or during storms, to the +coagulation of the blood of these creatures, caused by the impression +of the atmospheric electricity.--_From the French_. + + +_Carpenter's Microscope._ + +Mr. Carpenter's achromatic solar microscope has now a white circular +area of nine feet in diameter, to receive the images of the objects +upon, some of which are magnified to the enormous size of upwards of +eight feet in length! + +Mr. Carpenter's lucernal microscopes are now arranged in a kind of +temple, placed in the middle of a room, and illuminated by the light +of one powerful Argand lamp, so as to be independent of all natural +light; thus, in all seasons, even in cloudy weather, the objects are +as brilliantly displayed as they could be last year when the sun +shone.--_Gill's Repository_. + + +_Beet Root Sugar._ + +There are now in France upwards of one hundred manufactories of beet +root sugar, from which were produced last year upwards of 5,000 tons +of sugar, worth 60 _l._ per ton, or 300,000 _l_.; the profit of which +is estimated at 15 _l._ an acre; but, says one of the manufacturers, +the process may be so far improved, that sugar will be made in France +from the beet root at 30 _l._ per ton, which will increase the profit +to 24 _l._ an acre. A writer in the _Quarterly Journal of Agriculture_ +observes that "it is difficult to conceive that one half of the sugar +consumed in Great Britain, or in all Europe, will not, in a few years, +be home-made beet root sugar." + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS + + * * * * * + +LORD BYRON AND SIR WALTER SCOTT AT WATERLOO. + +_By a Sexagenarian._ + + +In his transit to Italy in August, 1816, Lord Byron visited Brussels +(where I was residing) accompanied by Dr. Polidori. The moment I heard +of his arrival, I waited on him, and was received with the greatest +cordiality and kindness. + +As he proposed visiting Waterloo on the following morning, I offered +my services as his cicerone, which were graciously accepted, and we +set out at an early hour, accompanied by his _compagnon de voyage_. +The weather was propitious, but the poet's spirits seemed depressed, +and we passed through the gloomy forest of Soignies without much +conversation. As the plan of the inspection of the field had been left +to me, I ordered our postilion to drive to Mont St. Jean, without +stopping at Waterloo. We got out at the monuments. Lord Byron gazed +about for five minutes without uttering a syllable; at last, turning +to me, he said--"I am not disappointed. I have seen the plains of +Marathon, and these are as fine. Can you tell me," he continued, +"where Picton fell? because I have heard that my friend Howard was +killed at his side, and nearly at the same moment." + +The spot was well known, and I pointed with my finger to some trees +near it, at the distance of one hundred and fifty yards: we walked to +the spot. "Howard," said his lordship, with a sigh, "was my relation +and dear friend; but we quarrelled, and I was in the wrong; we were, +however, reconciled, at which I now rejoice." He spoke these words +with great feeling, and we returned to examine the monument of Sir +Alexander Gordon, a broken column, on which he made some criticisms, +bestowing great praise on the fraternal affection of his brother, who +had erected it. He did not seem much interested about the positions of +the troops, which I pointed out to him; and we got into our carriage, +and drove to the Château Goumont, the poet remaining silent, pensive, +and in a musing mood, which I took care not to interrupt. + +The gallant defence of this post seemed to interest him more, and +I recapitulated all the particulars I knew of the attack. From the +bravery displayed by the handful of troops (the Guards) who defended +it, it has acquired its reputation. Though they were reinforced +more than once, the number never exceeded twelve hundred; and +notwithstanding the enemy having, by battering down the gate of the +farmyard, and setting fire to the straw in it, got possession of the +outer works, in the evening attack, they could make no impression on +the strong hold, the garden-- + + + "Whose close pleach'd walks and bowers have been + The deadly marksman's lurking screen." + + +They reaped no advantage by these assaults; on the contrary, they +sacrificed a great many brave men without any purpose. It was a most +important post; for had they succeeded in getting possession of it, +and driving out our troops, their guns would have enfiladed us, and +we should have been obliged to change our front. The pompous title +of _château_ gives a little additional importance to this position, +though it is only a miserable dwelling of two stories, somewhat +resembling the habitations of our _Bonnet Lairds_ about the beginning +of the last century. The area of the house is about two Scotch acres, +including the garden. The clipped and shady walks have been long since +cut down, which takes away much interest from it; and the stupid +Fleming to whom it belonged, cut down the young trees in front of it, +because they had been wounded by the bullets, which he was informed +"would cause them to bleed to death!" The nobleman who now possesses +it, had, with better taste, repaired the château, and will not permit +any alteration in its appearance. + +I asked Byron what he thought of Mr. Scott's "Field of Waterloo," just +published--if it was fair to ask one poet his opinion of a living +contemporary. "Oh," said he, "quite fair; besides, there is not much +subject for criticism in this hasty sketch. The reviewers call it a +_falling off_; but I am sure there is no poet living who could have +written so many good lines on so meagre a subject, in so short a time. +Scott," he added, "is a fine poet, and a most amiable man. We are +great friends. As a prose writer, he has no rival; and has not been +approached since Cervantes, in depicting manners. His tales are my +constant companions. It is highly absurd his denying, what every one +that knows him believes, his being the author of these admirable +works. Yet no man is obliged to give his name to the public, except he +chooses so to do; and Scott is not likely to be compelled by the law, +for he does not write libels, nor a line of which he may be ashamed." +He said a great deal more in praise of his friend, for whom he had the +highest respect and regard. "I wish," added the poet, with feeling, +"it had been my good fortune to have had such a Mentor. No author," he +observed, "had deserved more from the public, or has been so liberally +rewarded. Poor Milton got only 15_l._ for his 'Paradise Lost,' while +a modern poet has as much for a stanza." I know not if he made any +allusion to himself in this remark, but it has been said that Murray +paid him that sum for every verse of "Childe Harold." + +Lord Byron, in reading aloud the stanzas of Mr. Scott, + + + "For high, and deathless is the name, + Oh Hougoinont, thy ruins claim! + The sound of Cressy none shall own, + And Agincourt shall be unknown, + And Blenheim be a nameless spot + Long ere thy glories are forgot," &c. + + +he exclaimed, striking the page with his hand, "I'll be d----d if they +will, Mr. Scott, be forgot!" + + +SIR WALTER SCOTT. + + +Sir Walter Scott visited Brussels about the middle of August, 1816, +when I had the good fortune to meet him at the house of Sir Frederick +Adam, who was prevented by a wound from joining his brigade, though he +was able to do the duties of the small garrison there. + +Mr. Scott accepted my services to conduct him to Waterloo. The +general's aid-de-camp was also of the party, Mr. Scott being +accompanied by two friends, his fellow travellers. He made no secret +of his having undertaken to write something on the battle; and he +took the greater interest on this account in every thing that he saw. +Besides, he had never seen a field of such a conflict; and never +having been before on the Continent, it was all new to his +comprehensive mind. The day was beautiful; and I had the precaution to +send out a couple of saddle-horses, that he might not be fatigued +in walking over the fields which had been recently ploughed up. The +animal he rode was so quiet that he was much gratified, and had an +opportunity of examining every spot of the positions of both armies; +and seemed greatly delighted, especially with the Farm of Goumont, +where he loitered a couple of hours. In our rounds we fell in with +Monsieur Da Costar, with whom he got into conversation, though I had +told him he was an impostor. But he had attracted so much notice by +his pretended story of being about the person of Napoleon, that he was +of too much importance to be passed by: I did not, indeed, know as +much of this fellow's Charlatanism at that time as afterwards, when +I saw him confronted with a blacksmith of La Belle Alliance, who had +been his companion in a hiding-place, ten miles from the field, during +the whole day; a fact which he could not deny. But he had got up a +tale so plausible, and so profitable, that he could afford to bestow +hush-money on the companion of his flight, so that the imposition was +but little known, and strangers continued to be gulled. He had picked +up a good deal of information about the positions and details of the +battle, and being naturally a sagacious Wallon, and speaking French +pretty fluently, he became the favourite _cicerone_, and every lie he +told was taken for gospel. Year after year, until his death, in 1824, +he continued his popularity, and raised the price of his rounds from a +couple of francs to five; besides as much for the hire of a horse, his +own property; for he pretended that the fatigue of walking so many +hours was beyond his powers. It has been said, that in this way he +realized every summer a couple of hundred Napoleons. It is surprising +how any one could believe the story he told; for supposing that he had +been seized upon by Napoleon, what use could such a vagabond be as a +guide? What was he to show? The British army was staring the Emperor +in the face at a mile distant. This _soi-disant_ hero could only be +an incumbrance during the conflict, if his courage could have been +screwed up to remain at Napoleon's side, as he pretended he had done, +and that when he became panicstruck on the approach of the Prussians, +he was rewarded for his services with a twenty-franc coin. He even +pointed out the actual spot where he stood with the Emperor on the +_chaussée_--heard him exclaim "Sauve qui peut!" and saw him mount his +horse, and brush!--_facts_, which are become historical! + +When Sir Walter had examined every point of defence and attack we +adjourned to the "Original Duke of Wellington," at Waterloo, to +dinner, after the fatigues of the ride. Here he had a crowded levée of +peasants, and collected a great many trophies, from cuirasses down to +buttons and bullets. He picked up himself many little relics, and was +fortunate in purchasing a grand cross of the legion of honour. But +the most precious relic was presented to him by my wife--a French +soldier's book, well stained with blood, and containing some poetical +effusions, called "Troubadours," which he found so interesting that +he translated them into English, and they were introduced into his +"Paul's Letters;" on the publication of which he did her the honour of +sending her a copy, with a most flattering letter, to say, "that he +considered her gift as the most valuable of all his Waterloo relics." + +On our return from the field, he kindly passed the evening with us, +and a few friends whom we invited to meet him. He charmed us with his +delightful conversation, and was in great spirits from the agreeable +day he had passed; and with great good humour promised to write a +stanza in the lady's Album. The following morning he called to achieve +this; and I put him into my little library, the door of which I locked +to prevent interruption, as a great many of my friends had paraded in +the _Parc_ opposite my window to get a peep of the celebrated man, +many having dogged him from his hotel. + +Brussels affords but little worthy of the notice of such a traveller +as the author of "Waverley;" but he greatly admired the splendid +tower of the Maison de Ville, and the ancient sculpture and style of +architecture of the buildings which surround the Grand Place. + +He told us, with great humour, a laughable incident which had occurred +to him at Antwerp. The morning after his arrival at that city from +Holland, he started at an early hour to visit the tomb of Rubens in +the Church of St. Jacques, before his party were up. Having provided +himself with a map of the city, he had no other guide; but after +wandering about for an hour, without finding the object he had in +view, he determined to make inquiry, and observing a person stalking +about like himself, he addressed him, in his best French; but the +stranger pulling off his hat, very respectfully replied, in the pure +Highland accent, "I'm vary sorry, Sir, but I canna speak ony thing +besides English."--"This is very unlucky indeed, Donald," said Mr. +Scott, "but we must help one another; for, to tell you the truth, +I'm not good at any other tongue but the English, or rather, the +Scotch."--"Oh, Sir, maybe," replied the Highlander, "you are a +countryman, and ken my maister, Captain Cameron, of the 79th, and +could tell me where he lodges. I'm just cum in, Sir, frae a place they +ca' _Machlin_, and ha forgotten the name of the captain's quarters; it +was something like the _Laaborer_."--"I can, I think, help you with +this, my friend," rejoined Mr. Scott. "There is an inn just opposite +to you, (pointing to the _Hotel de Grand Laboreur_,) I dare say that +will be the captain's quarters;" and so it was. I cannot do justice to +the humour in which Mr. Scott recounted this dialogue. + +_New Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. +SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +SUPERSTITION. + + +Catherine de Medicis, in order to be assured of the assistance of +heaven in a certain project, vowed to send a pilgrim to Jerusalem, +who should walk three feet forwards and one backwards all the way. A +countryman of Picardy undertook the fulfilment of this vow, and having +employed a whole year in the task, was rewarded with a title and a +large sum of money. + + * * * * * + + +The Romans deposed their Dictator, Minutius, and the general of their +cavalry, Caius Flaminius, on the same day they had been elected, +because one of the citizens of Rome had heard a mouse squeak. + +A.V.M. + + * * * * * + + +NAPKINS. + + +When Diego de Torres, the Spanish ambassador, in 1547, first dined +with the Emperor of Morocco at his court, he was amused by the customs +of the table; neither knives, forks, nor spoons, were provided; but +each person helped himself with his fingers, and cleaned his hands +with his tongue, excepting the emperor, who wiped the hand he took his +meat up with on the head of a black boy, ten years old, who stood by +his side. The ambassador smiled, and the emperor observing it, asked +what Christian kings wiped their hands with at meals, and what such +things were worth? "Fine napkins," replied the ambassador, "a clean +one at every meal, worth a crown a piece or more." "Don't you think +this napkin much better," said the emperor, wiping his hand again on +the black boy's head, "which is worth seventy or eighty crowns." + + * * * * * + + +JUSTICE. + + +"What is your fare, coachee," said a stout gentleman alighting from a +hackney-coach. + +_Coachee_.--"One shilling, sir." + +_Gent_.--"One shilling! What an imposition for such a short distance." + +_Coachee_.--"I'll take my oath that is my fare." + +_Gent_.--"Will you? very well, I am a magistrate, proceed--(_Coachee +is sworn_)--That will do, the shilling I shall keep for the +affidavit." + + * * * * * + + +Philip III. King of Spain, wept at an _Auto da Fé_, because he saw so +many fellow creatures inhumanly tormented. This was thought by the +Grand Inquisitor to be a great sin, and he terrified the king so much +with his remonstrances, that Philip suffered himself to be bled, and +the blood to be given to the common executioner, to be burnt at the +next _Auto da Fé_, by way of penance. + + * * * * * + + +_Cobweb_ comes from the Dutch word _Kopwebbe_; and _Kop_ in that +language signifies a spider. + + * * * * * + + +(S.I.B.'s interesting paper on the Birth of Edward VI. and Death of +Queen Jane Seymour, did not reach us till our description of Hampton +Court was ready for press: our Correspondent's contribution shall +appear next week.) + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY PUBLISHED: + + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11455 *** diff --git a/11455-h/11455-h.htm b/11455-h/11455-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91e3361 --- /dev/null +++ b/11455-h/11455-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1752 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= +"text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> +<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 385.</title> +<style type="text/css"> + + <!-- + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;} + html>body hr {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;} + hr.full {width: 100%;} + html>body hr.full {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;} + hr.short {text-align: center; width: 20%;} + html>body hr.short {margin-right: 40%; margin-left: 40%; width: 20%;} + + .note, .footnote + {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + + span.pagenum + {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;} + + .poem + {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem p {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i4 {margin-left: 2em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em;} + .poem p.i8 {margin-left: 4em;} + .poem p.i10 {margin-left: 5em;} + + .figure + {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;} + .figure img + {border: none;} + .figure p + + .side { float:right; + font-size: 75%; + width: 25%; + padding-left:10px; + border-left: dashed thin; + margin-left: 10px; + text-align: left; + text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + font-style: italic;} + --> + +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11455 ***</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page97" id="page97"></a>[pg 97]</span> +<h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + +<hr class="full" /> +<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>VOL. XIV, NO. 385.]</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1829.</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<h2>HAMPTON COURT.</h2> + +<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href= +"images/385-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/385-1.png" alt= +"Hampton Court." /></a></div> + +<p>Here is a bird's-eye view of a royal palace and domain "cut out +in little stars." It is copied from one of Kipp's Views in Great +Britain in the time of Queen Anne, and affords a correct idea of +Hampton Court in all its olden splendour.</p> + +<p>The palace is situated on the north bank of the Thames, two +miles west from Kingston. It was magnificently built by Cardinal +Wolsey. After he became possessed of the lease of the manor of +Hampton, "he bestowed," says Stow, "great cost of building upon it, +converting the mansion-house into so stately a palace, that it is +said to have excited much envy; to avoid which, in the year 1526, +he gave it to the king, who in recompense thereof licensed him to +lie in his manor of Richmond at his pleasure; and so he lay there +at certain times;" but it appears that Wolsey after this +occasionally inhabited the palace (perhaps as keeper;) for in 1527, +when some French ambassadors were in England, the king sent them to +be entertained by the Cardinal at Hampton Court. The preparations +for this purpose are detailed in a MS. copy of Cavendish's <i>Life +of Wolsey</i>, in the British Museum, and afford the reader some +idea of the magnificent taste of the prelate in matters of state +and show. The Cardinal was commanded to receive the ambassadors +with surpassing splendour; then "my Lord Cardinal sent me (Mr. +Cavendish) being his gentleman usher, with two other of my fellows +thither, to foresee all things touching our rooms to be nobly +garnished"—"accordingly our pains were not small nor light, +but daily travelling up and down from chamber to chamber; then +wrought the carpenters, joiners, masons, and all other artificers +necessary to be had to glorify this noble feast." He tells us of +"expert cookes, and connyng persons in the art of cookerie; the +cookes wrought both day and night with suttleties and many crafty +devices, where lacked neither gold, silver, nor other costly things +meet for their purpose"—"280 beds furnished with all manner +of furniture to them, too long particularly to be rehearsed, but +all wise men do sufficiently know what belongeth to the furniture +thereof, and that is sufficient at this <span class="pagenum"><a +name="page98" id="page98"></a>[pg 98]</span> time to be said." +Wolsey's arrival during the feast is described quaintly enough: +"Before the second course my lord came in booted and spurred, all +sodainely amongst them <i>proface</i>;<a id="footnotetag1" name= +"footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> at whose +coming there was great joy, with rising every man from his place, +whom my lord caused to sit still, and keep their roomes, and being +in his apparel as he rode, called for a chayre and sat down in the +middest of the high paradise, laughing and being as merry as ever I +saw him in all my lyff." The whole party drank long and strong, +some of the Frenchmen were led off to bed, and in the chambers of +all was placed abundance of "wine and beere."</p> + +<p>Henry VIII. added considerably to Wolsey's building, and in the +latter part of his reign, it became one of his principal +residences. Among the events connected with the palace are the +following:—</p> + +<p>Edward VI. was born at Hampton Court, October 12, 1537, and his +mother, Queen Jane Seymour, died there on the 14th of the same +month.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href= +"#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> Her corpse was conveyed to Windsor by +water, where she was buried, November 12. Catharine Howard was +openly showed as Queen, at Hampton Court, August 8, 1540. Catharine +Parr was married to the King at this palace, and proclaimed Queen, +July 12, 1543. In 1558, Mary and Philip kept Christmas here with +great solemnity, when the large hall was illuminated with 1,000 +lamps. Queen Elizabeth frequently resided, and gave many superb +entertainments here, in her reign. In 1603-4, the celebrated +conference between Presbyterians and the Established Church was +held here before James I. as moderator, in a withdrawing-room +within the privy-chamber, on the subject of Conformity. All the +Lords of the Council were present, and the conference lasted three +days; a new translation of the Bible was ordered, and some +alterations were made in the Liturgy.<a id="footnotetag3" name= +"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> + +<p>Charles I. retired to Hampton Court on account of the plague, in +1625, when a proclamation prohibited all communication between +London, Southwark, or Lambeth, and this place.<a id="footnotetag4" +name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> +Charles was brought here by the army, August 24, 1647, and lived in +a state of splendid imprisonment, being allowed to keep up the +state and retinue of a court, till November 11, following, when he +made his escape<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a +href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> to the Isle of Wight.</p> + +<p>In 1651, the Honour and Palace of Hampton were sold to creditors +of the state; but previously to 1657 it came into the possession of +Cromwell, who made it one of his chief residences. Elizabeth, his +daughter, was here publicly married to the Lord Falconberg; and the +Protector's favourite child, Mrs. Claypoole, died here, and was +conveyed with great pomp to Westminster Abbey.</p> + +<p>The palace was occasionally inhabited by Charles II. and James +II. King William resided much at Hampton Court; he pulled down +great part of the old palace, which then consisted of five +quadrangles, and employed Sir Christopher Wren to build on its site +the Fountain Court, or State Apartments. In July, 1689, the Duke of +Gloucester, son of the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was born +here. The Queen sojourned at Hampton occasionally, as did her +successors George I. and II.; but George III. never resided here. +When his late serene highness William the Fifth, Stadtholder of the +United Provinces, was condemned to quit his country by the French, +this palace was appropriated to his use; and he resided here +several years. The principal domestic apartments of Hampton Court +are now occupied by different private families, who have grants for +life from the crown.</p> + +<p>The palace consists of three grand quadrangles: the western +quadrangle, or entrance court is 167 feet 2 inches, north to south, +and 141 feet 7 inches, east to west. This leads to the second, or +middle quadrangle, 133 feet 6 inches, north to south, and 91 feet +10 inches, east to west; this is usually called the Clock Court, +from a curious astronomical clock by Tompion, over the gateway of +the eastern side; on the southern side is a colonnade of Ionic +pillars by Wren. On the north is the great hall: as this is not +mentioned by Cavendish, probably it was part of Henry's building. +It certainly was not finished till 1536 or 1537, as appears from +initials of the King and Jane Seymour, joined in a true lover's +knot, amongst the decorations; this hall is 106 feet long, and 40 +broad. Queen Caroline had a theatre erected here, in which it was +intended that two plays should be acted weekly during the stay of +the Court; but only seven plays were performed in it by the Drury +Lane company,<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href= +"#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> and one afterwards before the <span +class="pagenum"><a name="page99" id="page99"></a>[pg 99]</span> Duke +of Lorraine, afterwards Emperor of Germany. The theatrical +appurtenances were not, however, removed till the year 1798. +Adjoining the hall is the Board of Green Cloth Room, of nearly the +same date, and hung with fine tapestry.</p> + +<p>The eastern quadrangle, or Fountain Court, erected by Sir +Christopher Wren for King William, in 1690, is 100 feet by 177 feet +3 inches. Here is the King's Gallery, 117 feet by 23 feet 6 inches, +which was fitted up for the Cartoons of Raphael. On the eastern +side of the court is a room in which George I. and George II. +frequently dined in public. North-west of the Fountain Court stands +the chapel, which forms the southern side of the quadrangle; this +was partly built by Wolsey, and was finished by Henry VIII. in +1536, or 1537. The windows were of beautifully stained glass, and +the walls decorated with paintings, but these embellishments were +demolished in the troublous times of 1745. The chapel was, however, +restored by Queen Anne; the floor is of black and white marble, the +pews are of Norway oak, and there is some fine carving by Gibbons; +the roof is plain Gothic with pendent ornaments.</p> + +<p>It is hardly possible for us, within the limits of our columns +to do justice to the magnificence of Hampton Court. The grand +facade towards the garden extends 330 feet, and that towards the +Thames 328 feet. The portico and colonnade, of duplicated pillars +of the Ionic order, at the grand entrance, and indeed, the general +design of the elevations, are in splendid style. On the south side +of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open +a view from the apartments to the Thames. On the northern side is a +tennis court, and beyond that a gate which leads into the +wilderness or <i>Maze</i>.<a id="footnotetag7" name= +"footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> Further on +is the great gate of the gardens.</p> + +<p>The gardens, which comprise about 44 acres, were originally laid +out by London and Wise. George III. gave the celebrated Brown +permission to make whatever improvements his fine taste might +suggest; but he declared his opinion that they appeared to the best +advantage in their original state, and they accordingly remain so +to this day. The extent of the kitchen gardens is about 12 acres. +In the privy garden is a grape house 70 feet in length, and 14 in +breadth; the interior being wholly occupied by one vine of the +black Hamburgh kind, which was planted in the year 1769, and has in +a single year, produced 2,200 bunches of grapes, weighing, on an +average, one pound each.</p> + +<p>The grotesque forms of the gardens, and the mathematical taste +in which they are disposed, are advantageously seen in a bird's-eye +view as in the Engraving, which represents the tortuous beauty of +the parterres, and the pools, fountains, and statues with +characteristic accuracy. The formal avenues, radiating as it were, +from the gardens or centre, are likewise distinctly shown, as is +also the canal formed by Wolsey through the middle avenue. The +intervening space, then a parklike waste, is now planted with +trees, and stretches away to the village of Thames Ditton; and is +bounded on the south by the Thames, and on the north by the high +road to Kingston.</p> + +<p>The palace is open to the public, and besides its splendid +apartments, and numerous buildings, there is a valuable collection +of pictures, which are too celebrated to need enumeration. A +curious change has taken place in the occupancy of some +apartments—many rooms originally intended for domestic +offices being now tenanted by gentry. The whole is a vast +assemblage of art, and reminds us of the palace of Versailles, +which is about the same distance from Paris as Hampton Court from +London.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>GREECE.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Alas! for fair Greece, how her glories are failed,</p> + +<p class="i2">Her altars are broken, her trophies are gone,</p> + +<p>The Crescent her temples and shrines hath invaded,</p> + +<p class="i2">And Freedom hath bow'd to the Mussulman throne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Fair Liberty say! shall the land of Achilles</p> + +<p class="i2">Reluctantly cherish a dastardly slave,</p> + +<p>Who can crouch at the foot of a despot, whose will is</p> + +<p class="i2">As fickle as wind, and as rude as the wave?</p> + +<p>Shall the ashes of heroes enshrouded in glory,</p> + +<p class="i2">Be spurn'd in contempt by a barbarous horde,</p> + +<p>While their sons idly tremble like boys at a story,</p> + +<p class="i2">And shudder to gaze on the point of a sword?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Shall Greece, still as lovely as maiden in sorrow,</p> + +<p class="i2">By Freedom's bright ray ne'er be beam'd on again?</p> + +<p>Shall the sun of Engia ne'er rise on the morrow</p> + +<p class="i2">That lightens her thraldom or loosens her chain?</p> + +<p>Oh say, shall the proud eye of scorn fall unheeded,</p> + +<p class="i2">The hand, taunting, point to "the land of the +brave,"</p> + +<p>And say that Achaia's fair daughters e'er needed</p> + +<p class="i2">An arm to protect them—a hero to save.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Rise! courage alone your base station can alter,</p> + +<p class="i2">Let Beauty, let Liberty, spirit you on,</p> + +<p>And while fetters and stripes are their portion who falter,</p> + +<p class="i2">Remember that Freedom's the stake to be won.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>J.O.B.</p> + +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page100" id="page100"></a>[pg 100]</span> + +<h3>ESCAPE OF CHARLES II.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>In No. 376, of the MIRROR, is a communication from <i>W.W.</i> +respecting the pension granted by Charles II. to the Pendrils, for +aiding him in his escape, after the fatal battle of Worcester. +There was another family who enjoyed a pension from the same +monarch, named Tattersall, one of whom conveyed Charles from +Brighton in his open fishing-boat. A descendant is now living at +that place, but the family, through ignorance and neglect, have +ceased to enjoy the grant.</p> + +<p>The house in which the king rested at Brighton, is now an inn, +in West Street, called the King's Head, and is kept by a Mr. +Eales.</p> + +<p>H. BERGER.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>LINES WRITTEN IN A LADY'S ALBUM.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>The star is set that lighted me</p> + +<p class="i2">Thro' Fancy's wide domain,</p> + +<p>And the fairy paths of poesy,</p> + +<p class="i2">I now may seek in vain.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Tis but when Sorrow's clouds appear,</p> + +<p class="i2">In frowning darkness o'er me,</p> + +<p>The light of Song bursts forth to cheer</p> + +<p class="i2">The gloomy path before me.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>As o'er the dusky waves at night,</p> + +<p class="i2">Oft Mariners behold</p> + +<p>That ocean-form, St. Ermo's light,</p> + +<p class="i2">When tempests are foretold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Two reasons in my mind arise.</p> + +<p class="i2">Why Song is <i>now</i> denied me;—</p> + +<p>No light can venture near thine eyes,</p> + +<p class="i2">Nor Grief—when thou'rt beside me!</p> +</div> +</div> + +E.<br /> +<br /> + + +<hr /> +<h3>MINSTREL BALLAD.</h3> + +<h4>WRITTEN ON A FLYLEAF OF A VOLUME OF ONE OF THE "WAVERLEY +NOVELS."</h4> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Waken, lords and ladies gay,</p> + +<p>On the mountain dawns the day,</p> + +<p>All the jolly chase is here,</p> + +<p>With hawk and horse, and hunting spear;</p> + +<p>Hounds are in their couples yelling,</p> + +<p>Hawks are whistling, horns are knelling,</p> + +<p>Merrily, merrily, mingle they,</p> + +<p>"Waken, lords and ladies gay."</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Waken, lords and ladies gay,</p> + +<p>The mist has left the mountain grey,</p> + +<p>Springlets in the dawn are streaming,</p> + +<p>Diamonds on the brake are gleaming,</p> + +<p>And foresters have busy been,</p> + +<p>To track the buck in thicket green;</p> + +<p>Now we come to chant our lay,</p> + +<p>"Waken, lords and ladies gay."</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Waken, lords and ladies gay,</p> + +<p>To the green wood haste away,</p> + +<p>We can show you where he lies,</p> + +<p>Fleet of foot, and tall of size;</p> + +<p>We can show the marks he made</p> + +<p>When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed;</p> + +<p>You shall see him brought to bay.</p> + +<p>"Waken, lords and ladies gay."</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Louder, louder, chant the lay,</p> + +<p>Waken, lords and ladies say,</p> + +<p>Tell them youth, and mirth and glee,</p> + +<p>Run a course as well as we,</p> + +<p>Time, stern huntsman! who can balk,</p> + +<p>Stanch as hound, and fleet as hawk?</p> + +<p>Think of this, without delay,</p> + +<p>Gentle lords and ladies gay.</p> +</div> +</div> + +C.C.<br /> +<br /> + + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE SKETCH-BOOK</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3>PHYSIOGNOMY OF HOUSES.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>Houses undoubtedly present to the eye of fancy, an appearance +analogous to physiognomical expression in men. The remark has been +made by more acute observers than myself.</p> + +<p>Look at that beetle-browed, solemn looking mansion with a +ponderous hat-roof—I mean of slates, garnished with bay +windows—observe its heavy jaws of areas, its hard, close +mouth of a door; its dark, deep sunken eyes of windows peering out +from the heavy brow of dark stone coping that supports the slate +hat in question: what a contrast to the spruce mock gentility of +its neighbour, with a stand-up collar of white steps, a varnished +face, and a light, jaunty, yet stiff air, like a city apprentice in +his best clothes.</p> + +<p>See the cap on the temple of that Chinese Mandarin, poking above +yon clump of firs, with its bell furniture; he seems pondering on +the aphorisms of Confucius, regardless of that booby faced +conservatory, whose bald, rounded pate glitters in the sun. Ah! +what have we here; a spruce masquerader in yellow straw hat, trying +to look rural with as much success as a reed thatched summer house. +Stand in this quiet nook a few hours, and give us the shadow of +your mushroom covering.</p> + +<p>There is a poor, forlorn wretch with his rags fluttering about +him like a beggar—give him a penny—he must be in +distress—look at his shattered face and dilapidated form; +shored up upon <span class="pagenum"><a name="page101" id= +"page101"></a>[pg 101]</span> crutches, tottering on the brink of the +sewers—shores I mean—of eternity; behold his crushed +and crownless hat—his hollow eyes—his rheumy +visage—look at that petition penned on his breast. Poh! 'tis +a surveyor's notice to pull down. But, then, look at that plurality +parson with rotund prominence of portico, and red brick cheeks of +vast extent, and that high, steeple-crowned hat—look at the +smug, mean, insignificant dwarf of a meeting-house, sinking up to +its knees in a narrow lane, and looking as blank as a wall, with a +trap-door of a mouth, and a grating cast of eye. How yonder +bridegroom, just cemented in an alliance that will not last out his +lease of life, "spick and span new," all eyes, and a double row of +buttons ornamenting his latticed waistcoat, looks at his adored +opposite, who holds her Venetian parasol—sun +shade—before her face, glowing like a red brick wall in the +sun. Ah! his regards are attracted by a modest little nymph of the +grove, seated snugly in a sylvan recess, her pretty white cheeks +peeping out beneath the tresses of honeysuckle and woodbine that +veil her beauty. Well, <i>railing</i> is in this case allowable, +for see that brazen front of maiden sixty, guiltless of curls, with +a huge structure of bonnet cocked straight at the top of her head, +like the roof of a market-house, and her broad, square skirts of +faded green, deformed by formal knots of yew and holly. Look with +what a blushless face of triumph she eyes her poor tottering +neighbour opposite, who never appears destined "to suffer a +recovery." Oh, 'tis remorseless! But look down that vista of +charity children in slate coloured Quaker bonnets, stuck one +against the other in drab, like pins in a paper, but not so bright; +are they going to stand there for ever, with their governess at +their head, looking as smug and fubsy as the squat house at the +end? Why 'tis—street!—Look at the pump at the other +end, that might pass for an abridgment of a parish clerk—and +see, there comes stalking across the Green the parish beadle, with +a great white placard in his hat—you might well mistake him +for Alderman ——'s monument in red brick with the marble +tablet on the top of it. Ah! my pretty rustic—why your straw +hat and brown stuff frock, with white bib, and that gay flowered +apron, with the sprig of jessamine stuck at your side—you +look so homely and comely beneath the shade of that tall oak, that +I could fancy you were only the shepherd's cottage at the corner of +the grange. Bless me—here's a modern antique, masquerading in +the country!—why a village belle of queen Bess' days, looking +as new and as fresh as the young 'squire's lodge, fresh out of the +hands of his fancy architect. More mummery! why this gentleman +looks as fine and as foolish in his affectation of rugged points +and quaint angles, as a staring, white-washed, Gothic villa with +the paint not yet dry. Oh! there is certainly no denying that thou +art the primest of Quakers, Mr. Chapel, one that will not +countenance a <i>belle</i>, but lookest right onward in smooth and +demure solidity, with that strip of white path in front of thy +brown gravel waistcoat, and the ample skirts of thy road-coloured +surtout; not so your neighbour Sturdy, him with his chimney like an +ink bottle, upright in his button hole, and his pen-like poplar in +his hand; he is equally uncompromising, but looks with an eye of +stern regard upon that gay sprig of myrtle with his roof of a hat, +jauntily clapped on one side, and a towering charming feather, +streaming like smoke in the breeze. But whither have my vagaries +led me—here I am once more in the dullest of dull country +towns, over which strides the gouty old dean, like a Gothic arch +across a cathedral city; and see how the wealthy innkeeper dangles +his broad medal (sign of his having been in the yeomanry) that +swings to the wind like the banner of his troop—how +contemptuously he eyes that solid looking overseer, the workhouse, +with his right and lefthand men the executioners of the +law—Stocks and Cage—oh! turn away—there is that +villanous cross barred gripe the Jail—enough, enough, +indeed.</p> + +<p>LAVATERIELLO.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3>CURIOUS CEREMONY OF DRIVING DEER THROUGH THE WATER (FORMERLY +PRACTISED) IN LYME PARK, CHESHIRE.</h3> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>Ormerod, in his splendid <i>History of Cheshire</i>, says, "The +park of Lyme, which is very extensive, is celebrated for the fine +flavour of its venison, and contains a herd of wild cattle, the +remains of a breed which has been kept here from time immemorial, +and is supposed indigenous. In the last century a custom was +observed here of driving the deer round the park about Midsummer, +or rather earlier, collecting them in a body before the house, and +then swimming them through a pool of water, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page102" id="page102"></a>[pg 102]</span> with which +the exhibition terminated." There is a large print of it by +Vivares, after a painting by T. Smith, representing Lyme Park +during the performance of the annual ceremony, with the great Vale +of Cheshire and Lancashire, as far as the Rivington Hills in the +distance, and in the foreground the great body of the deer passing +through the pool, the last just entering it, and the old stags +emerging on the opposite bank, two of which are contending with +their fore-feet, the horns at that season being too tender to +combat with. This "art of driving the deer" like a herd of ordinary +cattle, is stated on a monument, at Disley, to have been first +perfected by Joseph Watson, who died in 1753, at the age of 104, +"having been park-keeper at Lyme more than sixty-four years." The +custom, however, appears not to have been peculiar to Lyme, as Dr. +Whitaker describes, in his <i>Account of Townley</i>, (the seat of +a collateral line of Legh,) "near the summit of the park, and where +it declines to the south, the remains of a large pool, through +which tradition reports that the deer were driven by their keepers +in the manner still practised in the park at Lyme."<a id= +"footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href= +"#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> + +<p>Lyme Park is situated near the road from Manchester to London, +through Buxton, adjacent to the picturesque village of Disley.</p> + +<p>Lyme Hall is the seat of the principal of the ancient family of +Leghs. Perkins <i>à Legh</i>, a Norman, who was buried in +Macclesfield Church, rendered considerable services in the battle +of Cressy, for which he was presented with the estate and lordship +of Lyme. The building is, in part, of the date of Elizabeth; and +the other a regular structure, from a design of Leoni.</p> + +<p>P.T.W.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>STANNARY PARLIAMENT.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>In the Forest of Dartmoor, Devonshire, between Tavistock and +Chegford, is a high hill, called Crocken Tor, where the tinners of +this county are obliged by their charter to assemble their +parliaments, or the jurats who are commonly gentlemen within the +jurisdiction, chosen from the four stannary courts of coinage in +this county, of which the lord-warden is judge. The jurats being +met to the number sometimes of two or three hundred, in this +desolate place, are quite exposed to the weather and have no other +place to sit upon but a moor-stone bench, and no refreshments but +what they bring with them; for this reason the steward immediately +adjourns the court to Tavistock, or some other stannary town.</p> + +<p>HALBERT H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>DOWRUCK.</h3> + +<p>In different parts of the North of England it is customary for +the labouring men to come before their masters at the close of +their <i>dowruck</i> (day's work,) and inform him of their labours; +the number of hours their work took them are cut in notches upon an +ash stick, and at the end of the week when the men are paid, the +stick is produced, which immediately shows what each man is +entitled to.</p> + +<p>W.H.H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>FAITOUR LANE,</h3> + +<p>Or as it is now called, Fetter Lane, is a term used by Chaucer, +for an idle fellow. The propriety of its denomination is +indisputable.</p> + +<p>W.H.H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>ROBIN HOOD.</h3> + +<p>At Brough Sowerby, in Westmoreland, is an ale-house bearing the +sign of Robin Hood, with the following lines beneath it:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Good frinds, good frinds, my ale is good.</p> + +<p>It is the sign of Robin Hood,</p> + +<p>If Robin Hood be not at hoame,</p> + +<p>Step in and drink with Littel Johne."</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>W.H.H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>JACK OF HILTON, THE BRAZEN IMAGE, ALIAS AN AEOLIPILE.</h3> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>Dr. Plot, in his <i>History of Staffordshire</i>, says, "The +following service is due from the Lord of Essington, in +Staffordshire, to the Lord of Hilton, about a mile distant, viz. +that the Lord of the Manor of Essington, shall bring a goose every +New year's day, and drive it round the fire in the hall at Hilton, +at least three times, whilst <i>Jack of Hilton</i> is blowing the +fire. Now Jack of Hilton is a little hollow image of brass, of +about twelve inches high, kneeling upon his left knee, and holding +his right hand upon his head, having a little hole in the place of +the mouth, about the bigness of a great pin's head, and another in +the back about two-thirds of an inch diameter, at which last hole +it is filled with water, it holding about four pints and a quarter, +which when set to a strong fire, evaporates after the same manner +as in an <i>Aeolipile</i>, and vents itself at the smaller hole at +the mouth in a constant blast, blowing the fire so strongly that it +is <span class="pagenum"><a name="page103" id="page103"></a>[pg +103]</span> very audible, and makes a sensible impression on that +part of the fire where the blast lights, as I found by experience, +May 26, 1680. After the Lord of Essington, or his deputy, or +bayliffe, has driven the goose round the fire (at least three +times) whilst this image blows it, he carries it into the kitchen +of Hilton Hall, and delivers it to the cook, who having dressed it, +the Lord of Essington, or his bayliffe, by way of further service, +brings it to the table of the Lord paramount of Hilton and +Essington, and receives a dish of meat from the said Lord of +Hilton's table, for his own mess."</p> + +<p>The Aeolipile, in hydraulics, is an instrument consisting of a +hollow metallic ball, with a slender neck or pipe, arising from it. +This being filled with water, and thus exposed to the fire, +produces a vehement blast of wind.</p> + +<p>This instrument, Des Cartes and others, have made use of, to +account for the natural cause and generation of wind; and hence its +name, Aeolipile, <i>pila Aeoli</i>, Aeolus's ball.</p> + +<p>In Italy it is said that the Aeolipile is commonly made use of +to cure smoky chimneys; for being hung over the fire, the blast +arising from it carries up the loitering smoke along with it. This +instrument was known to the ancients, and is mentioned by +Vitruvius.</p> + +<p>Some late authors have discovered the extraordinary use to which +the frauds of the heathen priesthood applied the Aeolipile, viz. +the working of sham miracles. Besides <i>Jack of Hilton</i>, which +had been an ancient Saxon, image, or idol, Mr. Weber shows, that +<i>Pluster</i>, a celebrated German idol, is also of the Aeolipile +kind, and in virtue thereof, could do noble feats: being filled +with a fluid, and then set on the fire, it would be covered with +sweat, and as the heat increased, would at length burst out into +flames.</p> + +<p>An Aeolipile of great antiquity, made of brass, was some years +since dug up on the site of the Basingstoke Canal, and presented to +the Antiquarian Society of London. Instead of being globular, with +a bent tube, it is in the form of a grotesque human figure, and the +blast proceeds from its mouth.</p> + +<p>P.T.W.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF WEARING THE VEIL.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>The origin of the veil is referred by the Greeks to modesty and +bashfulness.</p> + +<p>About thirty furlongs from the city of Sparta, Icarius placed a +statue of MODESTY, for the purpose of perpetuating the following +incident:—Icarius having married his daughter to Ulysses, +solicited his son-in-law to fix his household in Sparta, and remain +there with his wife, to which Ulysses would not consent.</p> + +<p>Icarius made the request to his daughter, conjuring her not to +abandon him, but seeing her ready to depart with Ulysses, for +Ithaca, he redoubled his efforts to detain her, nor could he be +prevailed on to desist from following the chariot on the way.</p> + +<p>Ulysses wearied with the importunities of Icarius, said to his +wife, "<i>You</i> can best answer this request; it is yours to +determine whether you will remain with your father at Sparta, or +depart with your husband for Ithaca; you are mistress of the +decision."</p> + +<p>The beautiful Penelope finding herself in this dilemma, blushed, +and without making the least reply, drew her veil over her face, +thereby intimating a denial to her father's request, and sunk into +the arms of her husband.</p> + +<p>Icarius, very sensibly affected by this behaviour, and being +desirous of transmitting it to posterity by the most durable +monument, consecrated a statue to Modesty, on the very spot where +Penelope had thrown the veil over her face; that after her it might +be a universal symbol of delicacy among the fair sex.</p> + +<p>C.K.W.</p> + +<hr /> +<p>The manners of the Welsh must have been even less delicate than +those of the Anglo-Saxons; for they thought it necessary to make a +law, "that none of the courtiers should give the queen a blow, or +snatch any thing with violence from her, under the penalty of +incurring her majesty's displeasure."</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>FUNERAL OF A BURMESE PRIEST.</h3> + +<p>The funeral pile, in this case, is a car on wheels; and the body +is blown away, from a huge wooden cannon or mortar, with the +purpose, I believe, of conveying the soul more rapidly to heaven! +Immense crowds are collected on occasions of these funerals, which, +far from being conducted with mourning or solemnity, are occasions +of rude mirth and boisterous rejoicing. Ropes are attached to each +extremity of the car, and pulled in opposite directions by adverse +parties; one of these being for consuming the body, the other for +opposing it. The latter are at length overcome, fire is set to the +pile amidst loud acclamations, and the ceremony is +consummated.—<i>Crawford's Embassy to Ava</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page104" id="page104"></a>[pg 104]</span> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>PLAN FOR A NEW CITY.</h2> + +<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href= +"images/385-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/385-2.png" alt= +"" /></a></div> + +<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>The various ages, interests, and tastes which govern the +progressive growth of cities, seem to be irremediable causes of the +irregularity and inconvenience of their final formations or +plans—and until this illustrious age of magnanimous projects +and improvements, it would have been thought ridiculous to offer +any radical expedient for a general improvement in the plans of +cities; but <i>now</i> that we see <i>new</i> cities growing round +the metropolis, and new towns planned for the distant dominions of +Great Britain, it seems to be a convenient season for explaining my +notions respecting the general plan of a city, with regard <i>only +to the directions of the streets</i>, which after the repeated +consideration of fifty years, I have concluded may, and ought to +be, all straight streets, from <i>every extremity</i>, to the +opposite, whatever be the form of the <i>outermost</i> boundary of +the city or town.—These <i>conclusions</i> would most +probably have passed off in silence, but for an accidental fancy +arising in my mind, on reading lately in the Psalms, "<i>Jerusalem +is a city that is in unity with itself</i>." This text awakened my +dormant ideas on the proper formation of streets, and anticipating +the reunion of the Jews, I began the accompanying sketch for a +"<i>Holy City</i>," or "<i>a New Jerusalem</i>," which accounts for +the twelve gates according with the original number of the tribes +of Israel, and the ten streets which diverge from each gate are +symbolic of the Ten Commandments, wherein they were commanded to +walk; the twelve circular areas I thought to be properly dedicated +to the Twelve Apostles of Christianity, under the idea that when +the Jews are again called together it will be under the new +covenant of Christianity, so that nothing could (in that case) be +more appropriate than placing the original propagators of it where +so many paths led towards them—and after fixing the place of +public worship in the centre, my orthodoxy ceased to affect my +scheme, for want of that technical knowledge which further detail +would require—and having accomplished my favourite +determination of planning a town without winding streets or crooked +lanes. I offer it to the MIRROR as an <span class="pagenum"><a +name="page105" id="page105"></a>[pg 105]</span> amusing novelty for the +entertainment of its numerous readers. I think it would be not +inappropriate to call it the Royal City of <i>Victoria</i>.</p> + +<p>CHARLES MATTER.</p> + +<p>(To the ingenious designer of the annexed sketch, we are +likewise indebted for the Plan for a Maze, in our Vol. vii. page +233. Mr. H. very pertinently observes to us "imagine what would +have been said of this plan for a city, had Belzoni or Buckingham +found exactly such a one in Assyria or Egypt,—of antique +date?")</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE SELECTOR;</h2> + +<h3>AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS.</i></h3> + +<hr /> +<h3>NEW EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS.</h3> + +<p>It is rather late in the day to speak of what is technically +termed the "getting-up" of this elegant edition of the most popular +works of our time. There are now three volumes +published—<i>Waverley</i>, in two vols. and one vol. or half +of <i>Guy Mannering</i>. Each of the former contains upwards of 400 +pages, and the latter nearly that number—beautifully printed +in what we call a very inviting type, on excellent paper, of rich +colour, and not too garish for the eye of the reader. The +engravings to <i>Waverley</i> are by Graves, C. Rolls, and Raddon, +after E.P. and J. Stephanoff, Newton, and Landseer—a +frontispiece and plate title page and vignette to each volume. To +our taste the vignettes are exquisite—one by Landseer, +<i>David Gellatley, with Ban and Buscar</i>, is extremely +beautiful. The illustrations to the volume of <i>Guy Mannering</i> +are by Duncan, and C.G. Cooke, after Leslie and Kidd. The volumes +are in substantial canvass binding. Their low price, a crown +a-piece, is the marvel of bookselling, for were they only reprints +without copyright, they would be unprecedentedly cheap. The whole +series will extend to forty volumes, to be published in three +years, and will cost ten pounds. Fifteen-pence a week for the above +term will thus provide a family with one of the most elegant +drawing-room libraries that can be desired. They will about occupy +three <i>cheffonier</i> shelves;—or what delightful volumes +for fire-side shelves, or a "little book-room," or a breakfast +parlour opening on a carpet of lawn—or to read by the hour, +with a golden-haired lady-friend, and chat awhile, and then turn to +the most attractive scenes in the novel, while we ourselves are +perhaps enacting the hero in a romance of real life. Few novels +admit of a second reading; but the <i>Waverley</i> series will +never lose their attraction—and to remember when and where, +and with whom you first read each of them, may perhaps revive many +pleasantries.</p> + +<p>Of the literary Notes and emendations of the present edition, we +have already expressed our opinion by the selection of several of +them for the pages of the MIRROR; and in the progress of the +publication, we shall endeavour to award similar justice to each of +the works.</p> + +<p>In the <i>Athenaeum</i>, of August 5, the presumed profit on the +whole edition is estimated at £100,000.! The calculation of +the sale of 12,000 of each work is a reasonable one, and splendid +as, in that case, the reward will be, the reading-public will be +the gainers.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>THE FAMILY LIBRARY.</h3> + +<h3><i>History of the Jews.</i></h3> + +<p>We scarcely know how to do justice to the high character of the +series of volumes now publishing under this denomination. In +printing and embellishment they take the lead of the Periodical +Works of our day, (and some of these are extremely beautiful,) +while their literary worth is even of superior order. Although they +are matter-of-fact works—as in history and +biography—they are not mere compilations of dry details and +uninteresting lives; but they are so interspersed with new views, +and the facts are so often re-written, that the whole have the +appearance of original works. Excellent principles, and economy of +cost are, likewise, two important points of their recommendations; +for many works which have already appeared on the same subjects, +have been deformed by party spirit, and written to serve a sect, or +are so expensive as to be purchaseable only by the wealthy ranks, +and scarcely accessible by the middle classes of society; whereas +the Family Library is published at a rate within the reach of +two-thirds of the reading public, who may therefore possess what +they read, and appreciate the value of these volumes as works of +reference and authority.</p> + +<p>The division of the series which has called forth this notice, +is No. 5, or the first volume of the <i>History of the Jews</i>, to +be completed in three volumes, by the Rev. H.H. Milman, Professor +of Poetry at Oxford, and the author of the splendid poem—The +Fall of Jerusalem; and judging by the portion before us, this work +will form one of the most attractive in the whole series. In proof +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page106" id="page106"></a>[pg +106]</span> of this it would be easy to select many passages which +are beautifully picturesque; a few, however, will suffice:</p> + +<p>"The Jews, without reference to their religious belief, are +among the most remarkable people in the annals of mankind. Sprung +from one stock, they pass the infancy of their nation in a state of +servitude in a foreign country, where, nevertheless, they increase +so rapidly, as to appear on a sudden the fierce and irresistible +conquerors of their native valleys in Palestine. There they settle +down under a form of government and code of laws totally unlike +those of any other rude or civilized community. They sustain a long +and doubtful conflict, sometimes enslaved, sometimes victorious, +with the neighbouring tribes. At length, united under one monarchy, +they gradually rise to the rank of a powerful, opulent, and +commercial people. Subsequently weakened by internal discord, they +are overwhelmed by the vast monarchies which arose on the banks of +the Euphrates, and transplanted into a foreign region. They are +partially restored, by the generosity or policy of the Eastern +sovereigns, to their native land. They are engaged in wars of the +most romantic gallantry, in assertion of their independence, +against the Syro-Grecian successors of Alexander. Under Herod, they +rise to a second era of splendour, as a dependent kingdom of Rome: +finally, they make the last desperate resistance to the universal +dominion of the Caesars. Scattered from that period over the face +of the earth—hated, scorned, and oppressed, they subsist, a +numerous and often a thriving people; and in all the changes of +manners and opinions retain their ancient institutions, their +national character, and their indelible hope of restoration to +grandeur and happiness in their native land. Thus the history of +this, perhaps the only unmingled race, which can boast of high +antiquity, leads us through every gradation of society and brings +us into contact with almost every nation which commands our +interest in the ancient world; the migratory pastoral population of +Asia; Egypt, the mysterious parent of arts, science, and +legislation; the Arabian Desert; the Hebrew theocracy under the +form of a federative agricultural republic, their kingdom powerful +in war and splendid in peace; Babylon, in its magnificence and +downfall; Grecian arts and luxury endeavouring to force an +unnatural refinement within the pale of the rigid Mosaic +institutions; Roman arms waging an exterminating war with the +independence even of the smallest states; it descends, at length, +to all the changes in the social state of the modern European and +Asiatic nations."</p> + +<p>At page 32, there is an interesting picture of the state of +society in Patriarchal times—the whole of the life of Moses +is extremely well written—the description of the Plague is +indeed terrific—and the death and character of the Prophet +drawn with a masterly and vigorous hand. The reigns of David and +Solomon, as might be expected, are magnificently told. Among the +picturesque sketches none exceed the—</p> + +<h3>DESCRIPTION OF PALESTINE.</h3> + +<p>"It is almost impossible to calculate with accuracy the area of +a country, the frontier of which is irregular on every side. Lowman +has given three different estimates of the extent of territory +occupied by the twelve tribes, the mean between the two extremes +approaches probably the nearest to the truth. According to this +computation, the Jewish dominion, at the time of the Division, was +180 miles long, by 130 wide, and contained 14,976,000 acres. This +quantity of land will divide to 600,000 men, about 21-1/2 acres in +property, with a remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the Levitical +cities, the princes of tribes, the heads of families, and other +public uses. Assuming this estate of 21-1/2 acres, assigned to each +household, of course a larger proportion of pasture must have been +given to those tribes who subsisted on their herds and flocks, than +of arable to those who lived by tillage, the portions of the +latter, therefore, must be considerably reduced. On the other hand, +the extraordinary fertility of the whole country must be taken into +the account. No part was waste; very little was occupied by +unprofitable wood; the more fertile hills were cultivated in +artificial terraces, others were hung with orchards of fruit trees; +the more rocky and barren districts were covered with vineyards. +Even in the present day, the wars and misgovernment of ages have +not exhausted the natural richness of the soil. Galilee, says Malte +Brun, would be a paradise were it inhabited by an industrious +people, under an enlightened government. No land could be less +dependent on foreign importation; it bore within itself every thing +that could be necessary for the subsistence and comfort of a simple +agricultural people. The climate was healthy, the seasons regular; +the former rains, which fell about October, after the vintage, +prepared the ground <span class="pagenum"><a name="page107" id= +"page107"></a>[pg 107]</span> for the seed; the latter, which +prevailed during March and the beginning of April, made it grow +rapidly. Directly the rains ceased, the grain ripened with still +greater rapidity, and was gathered in before the end of May. The +summer months were dry and very hot, but the nights cool and +refreshed by copious dews. In September, the vintage was gathered. +Grain of all kinds, wheat, barley, millet, zea, and other sorts, +grew in abundance; the wheat commonly yielded thirty for one. +Besides the vine and the olive, the almond, the date, figs of many +kinds, the orange, the pomegranates, and many other fruit-trees, +flourished in the greatest luxuriance. Great quantity of honey was +collected. The balm tree, which produced the opobalsamum, a great +object of trade, was probably introduced from Arabia in the time of +Solomon. It nourished about Jericho and in Gilead."</p> + +<p>This is but a portion of the sketch. The wealth and commerce of +the country is thus told:</p> + +<p>"The only public revenue of the Hebrew commonwealth was that of +the sacred treasury, the only public expenditure that of the +religious worship. This was supported by a portion of the spoils +taken in war; the first fruits, which in their institution were no +more than could be carried in a basket, at a later period were +rated to be one part in sixty; the redemption of the first born, +and of whatever was vowed to the Lord. Almost every thing of the +last class might be commuted for money according to a fixed scale. +The different annual festivals were well calculated to promote +internal commerce: maritime or foreign trade, is scarcely mentioned +in the law, excepting in two obscure prophetic intimations of +advantages, which the tribes of Dan and Zebulun were to derive from +their maritime situation. On this subject the lawgiver could have +learned nothing in Egypt. The commerce of that country was confined +to the inland caravan trade. The Egyptians hated or dreaded the +sea, which they considered either the dwelling of the evil +principle, or the evil principle itself. At all events, the Hebrews +at this period were either blind to the maritime advantages of +their situation, or unable to profit by them. The ports were the +last places they conquered. Sidon, if indeed within their boundary, +never lost its independence; Tyre, if it existed, was a town too +obscure to be named; Ecdippa and Acco remained in the power of the +Canaanites; Joppa is not mentioned as a port till much later. The +manufactures of the people supplied their own wants; they brought +from Egypt the arts of weaving woollens and linens, stuffs made of +fine goats' hair, and probably cotton; of dying in various colours, +and bleaching, and of embroidering; of many kinds of carpenter's +work; of building, some of the rules of which were regulated by +law; of making earthenware vessels; of working in iron, brass, and +the precious metals, both casting them and forming them with the +tool; of gilding, engraving seals, and various other kinds of +ornamental work, which were employed in the construction of the +altars and sacred vessels of the Tabernacle."</p> + +<p>Among the illustrative passages we notice the following +exquisite paragraph on the—</p> + +<h3>HEBREW POETS.</h3> + +<p>"THE three most eminent men in the Hebrew annals, Moses, David, +and Solomon, were three of their most distinguished poets. The +hymns of David excel no less in sublimity and tenderness of +expression than in loftiness and purity of religious sentiment. In +comparison with them the sacred poetry of all other nations sinks +into mediocrity. They have embodied so exquisitely the universal +language of religious emotion, that (a few fierce and vindictive +passages excepted, natural in the warrior-poet of a sterner age,) +they have entered with unquestioned propriety into the ritual of +the holier and more perfect religion of Christ. The songs which +cheered the solitude of the desert caves of Engedi, or resounded +from the voice of the Hebrew people as they wound along the glens +or the hill-sides of Judaea, have been repeated for ages in almost +every part of the habitable world, in the remotest islands of the +ocean, among the forests of America or the sands of Africa. How +many human hearts have they softened, purified, exalted!—of +how many wretched beings have they been the secret +consolation!—on how many communities have they drawn down the +blessings of Divine Providence, by bringing the affections into +unison with their deep, devotional fervour."</p> + +<p>The present volume extends from the time of Abraham to the +Babylonian Captivity. It is illustrated with three excellent maps, +and a few wood cuts; but we are convinced that we need add nothing +further of its contents to recommend the <i>History of the Jews</i> +to the attention <span class="pagenum"><a name="page108" id= +"page108"></a>[pg 108]</span> of our readers; for it is one of the +most splendid and fascinating works in our recollection.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING KNOWLEDGE.</h3> + +<p>The Fourth Part of this well-arranged publication, is "<i>The +Pursuit of Knowledge under difficulties illustrated by +Anecdotes</i>." The matter is judiciously divided into chapters, as +"Strength of the Passion for Knowledge—Humble Station no +Obstacle—Obscure Origin—Artists rising from the lower +to the higher classes—Late Learners—Early Age of Great +Men—Self-educated Men—Literary Pursuits of +Soldiers—Merchants, Booksellers, and Printers." All these +heads are illustrated by anecdotes—some of them well known, +others drawn from uncommon sources—and all replete with +useful information, and furnishing an exhaustless store of +entertainment. Such a volume is, indeed, <i>a book for the +people</i>, and will do more towards the spread of knowledge, and +the excitement of those engaged in its pursuit, than scores of +fine-spun theories cramped up with technicalities. For young people +we consider this book a real treasure; since the examples selected +are not those of men who became intoxicated with their success, or +gave up useful occupation for mere elegant literature or +experimental knowledge; but the instances are chiefly of such as +have turned their genius to good account, or for the benefit of +themselves and their fellow men. We call such men the +<i>honourables of the land</i>, whose examples should be written in +letters of gold, and on monuments of marble, as helps to social +duties and for the imitation of after times.</p> + +<p>We have marked for our next number a few extracts which will be +interesting to our readers to explain the mode by which the heads +of a chapter are illustrated. The biographettes of John Hunter, +Simpson, J. Stone, and Fergusson, and the introductory +illustrations of Newton, are the most striking portions of the +volume; and they maybe read and re-read with increasing advantage. +Of Hunter and Fergusson there are good portraits.</p> + +<hr /> +<h2>Spirit of Discovery.</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3><i>Block Machinery.</i></h3> + +<p>Mr. Faraday has lately described at the Royal Institution, +Brunel's Block Machinery at Portsmouth, with a set of magnificent +models of this admirable invention, which were lent to the Society +by the Navy Board. They consist of eight separate machines, which +work in succession, so as to begin and finish off a two-sheaved +block four inches in length. These were put by Messrs. Maudsley and +Field's men (who made them) into such communication and action, as +to perform the set of operations in the most perfect manner.</p> + +<p>Mr. F. briefly stated that the Block Machinery of Portsmouth, by +adjustments, could manufacture blocks of 100 different +sizes—could with thirty men make 100 per hour; and from the +time of its completion in 1804-5 to the present day, had required +no repairs from Maudsley, the original manufacturer. The total cost +was given at 46,000 <i>l</i>., and the saving per annum in time of +war 25,000 <i>l</i>. This is a paragon of art which we could see +again and again.</p> + +<h3><i>Enameled Street Names.</i></h3> + +<p>The names of the Streets in Paris have been recently put up on +enameled plates; the ground being blue, and the letters white. The +substance on which the enameling is performed is lava in slabs; the +same substance has since been used as the basis of certain enameled +designs; it is much superior in some points to porcelain in this +application, because the necessary exposure to fire does not cause +it to crack in the manner that porcelain does.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Preservation of Wine Must.</i></h3> + +<p>Charcoal was added to grape must, in the proportion of 100 +grains to a litre (2.1 pints), or if very much inclined to ferment, +more charcoal was used. When the liquid had settled, and become +clear and colourless, it was removed from the charcoal, and put +into bottles or casks, to be closed up, and preserved. It will not +enter into fermentation, even in close vessels; for the charcoal +has absorbed the ferment. Nevertheless, the ferment has not lost +its powers by combination with the carbon; for, if left in the +must, the latter begins to ferment, but only where in contact with +the former.—<i>From the French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Weevils in Granaries.</i></h3> + +<p>Wash the floor and sides of the granary with a mixture of urine +and water before the corn is stored up; this washing is to be +repeated several times, the walls and floors of the granary being +well swept between each operation.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page109" id="page109"></a>[pg +109]</span></p> + +<h3><i>French Eggs and Apples.</i></h3> + +<p>In the year 1827 there were 63,109,618 hen's eggs, and 14,182 +bushels of apples imported from France into England.</p> + +<h3><i>Enlargement of Artichokes.</i></h3> + +<p>The gardeners in the south of France increase the size of +artichokes by splitting the stem into four at the base of the +receptacle, and introducing two small sticks in the form of a +cross. This operation should not be made until the stem has +attained the height it ought to have.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Preservation of Potatoes.</i></h3> + +<p>Potatoes at the depth of one foot in the ground, produce shoots +near the end of spring; at the depth of two feet they appear in the +middle of summer; at three feet they are very short, and never come +to the surface; and between three and five feet they cease to +vegetate. In consequence of observing these effects several parcels +of potatoes were buried in a garden at the depth of three and a +half feet, and were not removed. until after an interval of one or +two years. They were then found without, any shoots, and possessing +their original freshness, firmness, goodness, and taste. <i>From +the French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Leeches.</i></h3> + +<p>It is well known that atmospheric changes have a remarkable +influence upon leeches. In 1825, M. Derheim, of St. Omer, ascribes +the almost sudden death of them at the approach of, or during +storms, to the coagulation of the blood of these creatures, caused +by the impression of the atmospheric electricity.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Carpenter's Microscope.</i></h3> + +<p>Mr. Carpenter's achromatic solar microscope has now a white +circular area of nine feet in diameter, to receive the images of +the objects upon, some of which are magnified to the enormous size +of upwards of eight feet in length!</p> + +<p>Mr. Carpenter's lucernal microscopes are now arranged in a kind +of temple, placed in the middle of a room, and illuminated by the +light of one powerful Argand lamp, so as to be independent of all +natural light; thus, in all seasons, even in cloudy weather, the +objects are as brilliantly displayed as they could be last year +when the sun shone.—<i>Gill's Repository</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Beet Root Sugar.</i></h3> + +<p>There are now in France upwards of one hundred manufactories of +beet root sugar, from which were produced last year upwards of +5,000 tons of sugar, worth 60 <i>l.</i> per ton, or 300,000 +<i>l</i>.; the profit of which is estimated at 15 <i>l.</i> an +acre; but, says one of the manufacturers, the process may be so far +improved, that sugar will be made in France from the beet root at +30 <i>l.</i> per ton, which will increase the profit to 24 +<i>l.</i> an acre. A writer in the <i>Quarterly Journal of +Agriculture</i> observes that "it is difficult to conceive that one +half of the sugar consumed in Great Britain, or in all Europe, will +not, in a few years, be home-made beet root sugar."</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3>LORD BYRON AND SIR WALTER SCOTT AT WATERLOO.</h3> + +<h4><i>By a Sexagenarian.</i></h4> + +<p>In his transit to Italy in August, 1816, Lord Byron visited +Brussels (where I was residing) accompanied by Dr. Polidori. The +moment I heard of his arrival, I waited on him, and was received +with the greatest cordiality and kindness.</p> + +<p>As he proposed visiting Waterloo on the following morning, I +offered my services as his cicerone, which were graciously +accepted, and we set out at an early hour, accompanied by his +<i>compagnon de voyage</i>. The weather was propitious, but the +poet's spirits seemed depressed, and we passed through the gloomy +forest of Soignies without much conversation. As the plan of the +inspection of the field had been left to me, I ordered our +postilion to drive to Mont St. Jean, without stopping at Waterloo. +We got out at the monuments. Lord Byron gazed about for five +minutes without uttering a syllable; at last, turning to me, he +said—"I am not disappointed. I have seen the plains of +Marathon, and these are as fine. Can you tell me," he continued, +"where Picton fell? because I have heard that my friend Howard was +killed at his side, and nearly at the same moment."</p> + +<p>The spot was well known, and I pointed with my finger to some +trees near it, at the distance of one hundred and fifty yards: we +walked to the spot. "Howard," said his lordship, with a sigh, "was +my relation and dear friend; but we quarrelled, and I was in the +wrong; we were, however, reconciled, at which I now rejoice." He +spoke these words with great feeling, and we returned to examine +the monument of Sir Alexander Gordon, a broken column, on which he +made some criticisms, bestowing <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page110" id="page110"></a>[pg 110]</span> great praise on the +fraternal affection of his brother, who had erected it. He did not +seem much interested about the positions of the troops, which I +pointed out to him; and we got into our carriage, and drove to the +Château Goumont, the poet remaining silent, pensive, and in a +musing mood, which I took care not to interrupt.</p> + +<p>The gallant defence of this post seemed to interest him more, +and I recapitulated all the particulars I knew of the attack. From +the bravery displayed by the handful of troops (the Guards) who +defended it, it has acquired its reputation. Though they were +reinforced more than once, the number never exceeded twelve +hundred; and notwithstanding the enemy having, by battering down +the gate of the farmyard, and setting fire to the straw in it, got +possession of the outer works, in the evening attack, they could +make no impression on the strong hold, the garden—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Whose close pleach'd walks and bowers have been</p> + +<p>The deadly marksman's lurking screen."</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>They reaped no advantage by these assaults; on the contrary, +they sacrificed a great many brave men without any purpose. It was +a most important post; for had they succeeded in getting possession +of it, and driving out our troops, their guns would have enfiladed +us, and we should have been obliged to change our front. The +pompous title of <i>château</i> gives a little additional +importance to this position, though it is only a miserable dwelling +of two stories, somewhat resembling the habitations of our +<i>Bonnet Lairds</i> about the beginning of the last century. The +area of the house is about two Scotch acres, including the garden. +The clipped and shady walks have been long since cut down, which +takes away much interest from it; and the stupid Fleming to whom it +belonged, cut down the young trees in front of it, because they had +been wounded by the bullets, which he was informed "would cause +them to bleed to death!" The nobleman who now possesses it, had, +with better taste, repaired the château, and will not permit +any alteration in its appearance.</p> + +<p>I asked Byron what he thought of Mr. Scott's "Field of +Waterloo," just published—if it was fair to ask one poet his +opinion of a living contemporary. "Oh," said he, "quite fair; +besides, there is not much subject for criticism in this hasty +sketch. The reviewers call it a <i>falling off</i>; but I am sure +there is no poet living who could have written so many good lines +on so meagre a subject, in so short a time. Scott," he added, "is a +fine poet, and a most amiable man. We are great friends. As a prose +writer, he has no rival; and has not been approached since +Cervantes, in depicting manners. His tales are my constant +companions. It is highly absurd his denying, what every one that +knows him believes, his being the author of these admirable works. +Yet no man is obliged to give his name to the public, except he +chooses so to do; and Scott is not likely to be compelled by the +law, for he does not write libels, nor a line of which he may be +ashamed." He said a great deal more in praise of his friend, for +whom he had the highest respect and regard. "I wish," added the +poet, with feeling, "it had been my good fortune to have had such a +Mentor. No author," he observed, "had deserved more from the +public, or has been so liberally rewarded. Poor Milton got only +15<i>l.</i> for his 'Paradise Lost,' while a modern poet has as +much for a stanza." I know not if he made any allusion to himself +in this remark, but it has been said that Murray paid him that sum +for every verse of "Childe Harold."</p> + +<p>Lord Byron, in reading aloud the stanzas of Mr. Scott,</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"For high, and deathless is the name,</p> + +<p>Oh Hougoinont, thy ruins claim!</p> + +<p>The sound of Cressy none shall own,</p> + +<p>And Agincourt shall be unknown,</p> + +<p>And Blenheim be a nameless spot</p> + +<p>Long ere thy glories are forgot," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>he exclaimed, striking the page with his hand, "I'll be +d——d if they will, Mr. Scott, be forgot!"</p> + +<p>SIR WALTER SCOTT.</p> + +<p>Sir Walter Scott visited Brussels about the middle of August, +1816, when I had the good fortune to meet him at the house of Sir +Frederick Adam, who was prevented by a wound from joining his +brigade, though he was able to do the duties of the small garrison +there.</p> + +<p>Mr. Scott accepted my services to conduct him to Waterloo. The +general's aid-de-camp was also of the party, Mr. Scott being +accompanied by two friends, his fellow travellers. He made no +secret of his having undertaken to write something on the battle; +and he took the greater interest on this account in every thing +that he saw. Besides, he had never seen a field of such a conflict; +and never having been before on the Continent, it was all new to +his comprehensive mind. The day was beautiful; and I had the +precaution to send out a couple of saddle-horses, that he might not +be fatigued in walking over <span class="pagenum"><a name="page111" +id="page111"></a>[pg 111]</span> the fields which had been recently +ploughed up. The animal he rode was so quiet that he was much +gratified, and had an opportunity of examining every spot of the +positions of both armies; and seemed greatly delighted, especially +with the Farm of Goumont, where he loitered a couple of hours. In +our rounds we fell in with Monsieur Da Costar, with whom he got +into conversation, though I had told him he was an impostor. But he +had attracted so much notice by his pretended story of being about +the person of Napoleon, that he was of too much importance to be +passed by: I did not, indeed, know as much of this fellow's +Charlatanism at that time as afterwards, when I saw him confronted +with a blacksmith of La Belle Alliance, who had been his companion +in a hiding-place, ten miles from the field, during the whole day; +a fact which he could not deny. But he had got up a tale so +plausible, and so profitable, that he could afford to bestow +hush-money on the companion of his flight, so that the imposition +was but little known, and strangers continued to be gulled. He had +picked up a good deal of information about the positions and +details of the battle, and being naturally a sagacious Wallon, and +speaking French pretty fluently, he became the favourite +<i>cicerone</i>, and every lie he told was taken for gospel. Year +after year, until his death, in 1824, he continued his popularity, +and raised the price of his rounds from a couple of francs to five; +besides as much for the hire of a horse, his own property; for he +pretended that the fatigue of walking so many hours was beyond his +powers. It has been said, that in this way he realized every summer +a couple of hundred Napoleons. It is surprising how any one could +believe the story he told; for supposing that he had been seized +upon by Napoleon, what use could such a vagabond be as a guide? +What was he to show? The British army was staring the Emperor in +the face at a mile distant. This <i>soi-disant</i> hero could only +be an incumbrance during the conflict, if his courage could have +been screwed up to remain at Napoleon's side, as he pretended he +had done, and that when he became panicstruck on the approach of +the Prussians, he was rewarded for his services with a twenty-franc +coin. He even pointed out the actual spot where he stood with the +Emperor on the <i>chaussée</i>—heard him exclaim +"Sauve qui peut!" and saw him mount his horse, and +brush!—<i>facts</i>, which are become historical!</p> + +<p>When Sir Walter had examined every point of defence and attack +we adjourned to the "Original Duke of Wellington," at Waterloo, to +dinner, after the fatigues of the ride. Here he had a crowded +levée of peasants, and collected a great many trophies, from +cuirasses down to buttons and bullets. He picked up himself many +little relics, and was fortunate in purchasing a grand cross of the +legion of honour. But the most precious relic was presented to him +by my wife—a French soldier's book, well stained with blood, +and containing some poetical effusions, called "Troubadours," which +he found so interesting that he translated them into English, and +they were introduced into his "Paul's Letters;" on the publication +of which he did her the honour of sending her a copy, with a most +flattering letter, to say, "that he considered her gift as the most +valuable of all his Waterloo relics."</p> + +<p>On our return from the field, he kindly passed the evening with +us, and a few friends whom we invited to meet him. He charmed us +with his delightful conversation, and was in great spirits from the +agreeable day he had passed; and with great good humour promised to +write a stanza in the lady's Album. The following morning he called +to achieve this; and I put him into my little library, the door of +which I locked to prevent interruption, as a great many of my +friends had paraded in the <i>Parc</i> opposite my window to get a +peep of the celebrated man, many having dogged him from his +hotel.</p> + +<p>Brussels affords but little worthy of the notice of such a +traveller as the author of "Waverley;" but he greatly admired the +splendid tower of the Maison de Ville, and the ancient sculpture +and style of architecture of the buildings which surround the Grand +Place.</p> + +<p>He told us, with great humour, a laughable incident which had +occurred to him at Antwerp. The morning after his arrival at that +city from Holland, he started at an early hour to visit the tomb of +Rubens in the Church of St. Jacques, before his party were up. +Having provided himself with a map of the city, he had no other +guide; but after wandering about for an hour, without finding the +object he had in view, he determined to make inquiry, and observing +a person stalking about like himself, he addressed him, in his best +French; but the stranger pulling off his hat, very respectfully +replied, in the pure Highland accent, "I'm vary sorry, Sir, but I +canna speak ony thing besides <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page112" id="page112"></a>[pg 112]</span> English."—"This is +very unlucky indeed, Donald," said Mr. Scott, "but we must help one +another; for, to tell you the truth, I'm not good at any other +tongue but the English, or rather, the Scotch."—"Oh, Sir, +maybe," replied the Highlander, "you are a countryman, and ken my +maister, Captain Cameron, of the 79th, and could tell me where he +lodges. I'm just cum in, Sir, frae a place they ca' <i>Machlin</i>, +and ha forgotten the name of the captain's quarters; it was +something like the <i>Laaborer</i>."—"I can, I think, help +you with this, my friend," rejoined Mr. Scott. "There is an inn +just opposite to you, (pointing to the <i>Hotel de Grand +Laboreur</i>,) I dare say that will be the captain's quarters;" and +so it was. I cannot do justice to the humour in which Mr. Scott +recounted this dialogue.</p> + +<p><i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>The Gatherer.</h2> + +<h4>A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. SHAKSPEARE.</h4> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<hr /> +<h3>SUPERSTITION.</h3> + +<p>Catherine de Medicis, in order to be assured of the assistance +of heaven in a certain project, vowed to send a pilgrim to +Jerusalem, who should walk three feet forwards and one backwards +all the way. A countryman of Picardy undertook the fulfilment of +this vow, and having employed a whole year in the task, was +rewarded with a title and a large sum of money.</p> + +<hr /> +<p>The Romans deposed their Dictator, Minutius, and the general of +their cavalry, Caius Flaminius, on the same day they had been +elected, because one of the citizens of Rome had heard a mouse +squeak.</p> + +<p>A.V.M.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>NAPKINS.</h3> + +<p>When Diego de Torres, the Spanish ambassador, in 1547, first +dined with the Emperor of Morocco at his court, he was amused by +the customs of the table; neither knives, forks, nor spoons, were +provided; but each person helped himself with his fingers, and +cleaned his hands with his tongue, excepting the emperor, who wiped +the hand he took his meat up with on the head of a black boy, ten +years old, who stood by his side. The ambassador smiled, and the +emperor observing it, asked what Christian kings wiped their hands +with at meals, and what such things were worth? "Fine napkins," +replied the ambassador, "a clean one at every meal, worth a crown a +piece or more." "Don't you think this napkin much better," said the +emperor, wiping his hand again on the black boy's head, "which is +worth seventy or eighty crowns."</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>JUSTICE.</h3> + +<p>"What is your fare, coachee," said a stout gentleman alighting +from a hackney-coach.</p> + +<p><i>Coachee</i>.—"One shilling, sir."</p> + +<p><i>Gent</i>.—"One shilling! What an imposition for such a +short distance."</p> + +<p><i>Coachee</i>.—"I'll take my oath that is my fare."</p> + +<p><i>Gent</i>.—"Will you? very well, I am a magistrate, +proceed—(<i>Coachee is sworn</i>)—That will do, the +shilling I shall keep for the affidavit."</p> + +<hr /> +<p>Philip III. King of Spain, wept at an <i>Auto da Fé</i>, +because he saw so many fellow creatures inhumanly tormented. This +was thought by the Grand Inquisitor to be a great sin, and he +terrified the king so much with his remonstrances, that Philip +suffered himself to be bled, and the blood to be given to the +common executioner, to be burnt at the next <i>Auto da +Fé</i>, by way of penance.</p> + +<hr /> +<p><i>Cobweb</i> comes from the Dutch word <i>Kopwebbe</i>; and +<i>Kop</i> in that language signifies a spider.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<p>(S.I.B.'s interesting paper on the Birth of Edward VI. and Death +of Queen Jane Seymour, did not reach us till our description of +Hampton Court was ready for press: our Correspondent's contribution +shall appear next week.)</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h4>LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY +PUBLISHED:</h4> + +<pre> + <i>s.</i> <i>d.</i> +Mackenzie's Man of Feeling . . . . 0 6 +Paul and Virginia . . . . . . . 0 6 +The Castle of Otranto. . . . . . 0 6 +Almoran and Hamet . . . . . . . 0 6 +Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia . 0 6 +The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne . 0 6 +Rasselas . . . . . . . . . . 0 8 +The Old English Baron. . . . . . 0 8 +Nature and Art . . . . . . . . 0 8 +Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield. . . 0 10 +Sicilian Romance . . . . . . . 1 0 +The Man of the World . . . . . . 1 0 +A Simple Story . . . . . . . . 1 4 +Joseph Andrews . . . . . . . . 1 6 +Humphry Clinker. . . . . . . . 1 8 +The Romance of the Forest . . . . 1 8 +The Italian . . . . . . . . . 2 0 +Zeluco, by Dr. Moore . . . . . . 2 6 +Edward, by Dr. Moore . . . . . . 2 6 +Roderick Random . . . . . . . 2 6 +The Mysteries of Udolpho. . . . . 3 6 +Peregrine Pickle . . . . . . . 4 6 +</pre> + +<hr class="full" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + +<p>An obsolete French term of salutation, abridged from <i>Bon prou +vous</i>, i.e. much good may it do you.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + +<p>Stow's Annals.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + +<p>Fuller's Church History.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + +<p>Rymer's Foedera.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + +<p>Clarendon's History of the Rebellion.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name= +"footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + +<p>Cibber tells us that the expenses of each play were £50. +and the players were allowed the same sum. The King likewise gave +the managers £200. more, for all the performances. For the +last play, the actors received £100. One of the plays acted +here was Shakspeare's Henry VIII—thus making the palace the +scene of Wolseys downfall, as it had been of his splendour.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name= +"footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + +<p>For an Engraving of the <i>Maze</i>, see MIRROR, vol. vi. page +105.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8" name= +"footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag8">(return)</a> + +<p>History of Whalley.</p> +</blockquote> + + + +<hr class="full" /> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11455 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/11455-h/images/385-1.png b/11455-h/images/385-1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ba8b4b --- /dev/null +++ b/11455-h/images/385-1.png diff --git a/11455-h/images/385-2.png b/11455-h/images/385-2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c27a76e --- /dev/null +++ b/11455-h/images/385-2.png diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3996118 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #11455 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11455) diff --git a/old/11455-8.txt b/old/11455-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afbeb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11455-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1945 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 14, No. 385, Saturday, August 15, 1829. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 5, 2004 [EBook #11455] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 385 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Nicolas Hayes and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XIV, NO. 385.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + + +HAMPTON COURT. + + +[Illustration: Hampton Court] + + +Here is a bird's-eye view of a royal palace and domain "cut out in +little stars." It is copied from one of Kipp's Views in Great Britain +in the time of Queen Anne, and affords a correct idea of Hampton Court +in all its olden splendour. + +The palace is situated on the north bank of the Thames, two miles west +from Kingston. It was magnificently built by Cardinal Wolsey. After he +became possessed of the lease of the manor of Hampton, "he bestowed," +says Stow, "great cost of building upon it, converting the +mansion-house into so stately a palace, that it is said to have +excited much envy; to avoid which, in the year 1526, he gave it to the +king, who in recompense thereof licensed him to lie in his manor of +Richmond at his pleasure; and so he lay there at certain times;" but +it appears that Wolsey after this occasionally inhabited the palace +(perhaps as keeper;) for in 1527, when some French ambassadors were +in England, the king sent them to be entertained by the Cardinal at +Hampton Court. The preparations for this purpose are detailed in a +MS. copy of Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_, in the British Museum, and +afford the reader some idea of the magnificent taste of the prelate in +matters of state and show. The Cardinal was commanded to receive the +ambassadors with surpassing splendour; then "my Lord Cardinal sent +me (Mr. Cavendish) being his gentleman usher, with two other of my +fellows thither, to foresee all things touching our rooms to be nobly +garnished"--"accordingly our pains were not small nor light, but daily +travelling up and down from chamber to chamber; then wrought the +carpenters, joiners, masons, and all other artificers necessary to be +had to glorify this noble feast." He tells us of "expert cookes, and +connyng persons in the art of cookerie; the cookes wrought both day +and night with suttleties and many crafty devices, where lacked +neither gold, silver, nor other costly things meet for their +purpose"--"280 beds furnished with all manner of furniture to +them, too long particularly to be rehearsed, but all wise men do +sufficiently know what belongeth to the furniture thereof, and that is +sufficient at this time to be said." Wolsey's arrival during the feast +is described quaintly enough: "Before the second course my lord came +in booted and spurred, all sodainely amongst them _proface_;[1] at +whose coming there was great joy, with rising every man from his +place, whom my lord caused to sit still, and keep their roomes, and +being in his apparel as he rode, called for a chayre and sat down in +the middest of the high paradise, laughing and being as merry as ever +I saw him in all my lyff." The whole party drank long and strong, some +of the Frenchmen were led off to bed, and in the chambers of all was +placed abundance of "wine and beere." + +Henry VIII. added considerably to Wolsey's building, and in the latter +part of his reign, it became one of his principal residences. Among +the events connected with the palace are the following:-- + +Edward VI. was born at Hampton Court, October 12, 1537, and his +mother, Queen Jane Seymour, died there on the 14th of the same +month.[2] Her corpse was conveyed to Windsor by water, where she was +buried, November 12. Catharine Howard was openly showed as Queen, at +Hampton Court, August 8, 1540. Catharine Parr was married to the King +at this palace, and proclaimed Queen, July 12, 1543. In 1558, Mary and +Philip kept Christmas here with great solemnity, when the large hall +was illuminated with 1,000 lamps. Queen Elizabeth frequently resided, +and gave many superb entertainments here, in her reign. In 1603-4, the +celebrated conference between Presbyterians and the Established Church +was held here before James I. as moderator, in a withdrawing-room +within the privy-chamber, on the subject of Conformity. All the Lords +of the Council were present, and the conference lasted three days; a +new translation of the Bible was ordered, and some alterations were +made in the Liturgy.[3] + +Charles I. retired to Hampton Court on account of the plague, in 1625, +when a proclamation prohibited all communication between London, +Southwark, or Lambeth, and this place.[4] Charles was brought here +by the army, August 24, 1647, and lived in a state of splendid +imprisonment, being allowed to keep up the state and retinue of a +court, till November 11, following, when he made his escape[5] to the +Isle of Wight. + +In 1651, the Honour and Palace of Hampton were sold to creditors of +the state; but previously to 1657 it came into the possession of +Cromwell, who made it one of his chief residences. Elizabeth, his +daughter, was here publicly married to the Lord Falconberg; and the +Protector's favourite child, Mrs. Claypoole, died here, and was +conveyed with great pomp to Westminster Abbey. + +The palace was occasionally inhabited by Charles II. and James II. +King William resided much at Hampton Court; he pulled down great part +of the old palace, which then consisted of five quadrangles, and +employed Sir Christopher Wren to build on its site the Fountain Court, +or State Apartments. In July, 1689, the Duke of Gloucester, son of the +Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was born here. The Queen sojourned +at Hampton occasionally, as did her successors George I. and II.; but +George III. never resided here. When his late serene highness William +the Fifth, Stadtholder of the United Provinces, was condemned to quit +his country by the French, this palace was appropriated to his use; +and he resided here several years. The principal domestic apartments +of Hampton Court are now occupied by different private families, who +have grants for life from the crown. + +The palace consists of three grand quadrangles: the western +quadrangle, or entrance court is 167 feet 2 inches, north to south, +and 141 feet 7 inches, east to west. This leads to the second, or +middle quadrangle, 133 feet 6 inches, north to south, and 91 feet 10 +inches, east to west; this is usually called the Clock Court, from a +curious astronomical clock by Tompion, over the gateway of the eastern +side; on the southern side is a colonnade of Ionic pillars by Wren. On +the north is the great hall: as this is not mentioned by Cavendish, +probably it was part of Henry's building. It certainly was not +finished till 1536 or 1537, as appears from initials of the King and +Jane Seymour, joined in a true lover's knot, amongst the decorations; +this hall is 106 feet long, and 40 broad. Queen Caroline had a theatre +erected here, in which it was intended that two plays should be +acted weekly during the stay of the Court; but only seven plays were +performed in it by the Drury Lane company,[6] and one afterwards +before the + + + [1] An obsolete French term of salutation, abridged from _Bon prou + vous_, i.e. much good may it do you. + + [2] Stow's Annals. + + [3] Fuller's Church History. + + [4] Rymer's Foedera. + + [5] Clarendon's History of the Rebellion. + + [6] Cibber tells us that the expenses of each play were £50. and + the players were allowed the same sum. The King likewise gave the + managers £200. more, for all the performances. For the last + play, the actors received £100. One of the plays acted here was + Shakspeare's Henry VIII--thus making the palace the scene of + Wolseys downfall, as it had been of his splendour. + + +Duke of Lorraine, afterwards Emperor of Germany. The theatrical +appurtenances were not, however, removed till the year 1798. Adjoining +the hall is the Board of Green Cloth Room, of nearly the same date, +and hung with fine tapestry. + +The eastern quadrangle, or Fountain Court, erected by Sir Christopher +Wren for King William, in 1690, is 100 feet by 177 feet 3 inches. Here +is the King's Gallery, 117 feet by 23 feet 6 inches, which was fitted +up for the Cartoons of Raphael. On the eastern side of the court is +a room in which George I. and George II. frequently dined in public. +North-west of the Fountain Court stands the chapel, which forms the +southern side of the quadrangle; this was partly built by Wolsey, and +was finished by Henry VIII. in 1536, or 1537. The windows were of +beautifully stained glass, and the walls decorated with paintings, but +these embellishments were demolished in the troublous times of 1745. +The chapel was, however, restored by Queen Anne; the floor is of black +and white marble, the pews are of Norway oak, and there is some fine +carving by Gibbons; the roof is plain Gothic with pendent ornaments. + +It is hardly possible for us, within the limits of our columns to do +justice to the magnificence of Hampton Court. The grand facade towards +the garden extends 330 feet, and that towards the Thames 328 feet. The +portico and colonnade, of duplicated pillars of the Ionic order, at +the grand entrance, and indeed, the general design of the elevations, +are in splendid style. On the south side of the palace is the privy +garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to +the Thames. On the northern side is a tennis court, and beyond that a +gate which leads into the wilderness or _Maze_.[7] Further on is the +great gate of the gardens. + +The gardens, which comprise about 44 acres, were originally laid out +by London and Wise. George III. gave the celebrated Brown permission +to make whatever improvements his fine taste might suggest; but he +declared his opinion that they appeared to the best advantage in their +original state, and they accordingly remain so to this day. The extent +of the kitchen gardens is about 12 acres. In the privy garden is a +grape house 70 feet in length, and 14 in breadth; the interior being +wholly occupied by one vine of the black Hamburgh kind, which was +planted in the year 1769, and has in a single year, produced 2,200 +bunches of grapes, weighing, on an average, one pound each. + +The grotesque forms of the gardens, and the mathematical taste in +which they are disposed, are advantageously seen in a bird's-eye view +as in the Engraving, which represents the tortuous beauty of the +parterres, and the pools, fountains, and statues with characteristic +accuracy. The formal avenues, radiating as it were, from the gardens +or centre, are likewise distinctly shown, as is also the canal formed +by Wolsey through the middle avenue. The intervening space, then a +parklike waste, is now planted with trees, and stretches away to the +village of Thames Ditton; and is bounded on the south by the Thames, +and on the north by the high road to Kingston. + +The palace is open to the public, and besides its splendid apartments, +and numerous buildings, there is a valuable collection of pictures, +which are too celebrated to need enumeration. A curious change has +taken place in the occupancy of some apartments--many rooms originally +intended for domestic offices being now tenanted by gentry. The +whole is a vast assemblage of art, and reminds us of the palace of +Versailles, which is about the same distance from Paris as Hampton +Court from London. + + * * * * * + + +GREECE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + Alas! for fair Greece, how her glories are failed, + Her altars are broken, her trophies are gone, + The Crescent her temples and shrines hath invaded, + And Freedom hath bow'd to the Mussulman throne. + + Fair Liberty say! shall the land of Achilles + Reluctantly cherish a dastardly slave, + Who can crouch at the foot of a despot, whose will is + As fickle as wind, and as rude as the wave? + Shall the ashes of heroes enshrouded in glory, + Be spurn'd in contempt by a barbarous horde, + While their sons idly tremble like boys at a story, + And shudder to gaze on the point of a sword? + + Shall Greece, still as lovely as maiden in sorrow, + By Freedom's bright ray ne'er be beam'd on again? + Shall the sun of Engia ne'er rise on the morrow + That lightens her thraldom or loosens her chain? + Oh say, shall the proud eye of scorn fall unheeded, + The hand, taunting, point to "the land of the brave," + And say that Achaia's fair daughters e'er needed + An arm to protect them--a hero to save. + + Rise! courage alone your base station can alter, + Let Beauty, let Liberty, spirit you on, + And while fetters and stripes are their portion who falter, + Remember that Freedom's the stake to be won. + + +J.O.B. + + [7] For an Engraving of the _Maze_, see MIRROR, vol. vi. page 105. + + * * * * * + + +ESCAPE OF CHARLES II. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +In No. 376, of the MIRROR, is a communication from _W.W._ respecting +the pension granted by Charles II. to the Pendrils, for aiding him in +his escape, after the fatal battle of Worcester. There was another +family who enjoyed a pension from the same monarch, named Tattersall, +one of whom conveyed Charles from Brighton in his open fishing-boat. +A descendant is now living at that place, but the family, through +ignorance and neglect, have ceased to enjoy the grant. + +The house in which the king rested at Brighton, is now an inn, in West +Street, called the King's Head, and is kept by a Mr. Eales. + +H. BERGER. + + * * * * * + + +LINES WRITTEN IN A LADY'S ALBUM. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + The star is set that lighted me + Thro' Fancy's wide domain, + And the fairy paths of poesy, + I now may seek in vain. + + 'Tis but when Sorrow's clouds appear, + In frowning darkness o'er me, + The light of Song bursts forth to cheer + The gloomy path before me. + + As o'er the dusky waves at night, + Oft Mariners behold + That ocean-form, St. Ermo's light, + When tempests are foretold. + + Two reasons in my mind arise. + Why Song is _now_ denied me;-- + No light can venture near thine eyes, + Nor Grief--when thou'rt beside me! + +E. + + * * * * * + + +MINSTREL BALLAD. + +WRITTEN ON A FLYLEAF OF A VOLUME OF ONE OF THE "WAVERLEY NOVELS." + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + On the mountain dawns the day, + All the jolly chase is here, + With hawk and horse, and hunting spear; + Hounds are in their couples yelling, + Hawks are whistling, horns are knelling, + Merrily, merrily, mingle they, + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + The mist has left the mountain grey, + Springlets in the dawn are streaming, + Diamonds on the brake are gleaming, + And foresters have busy been, + To track the buck in thicket green; + Now we come to chant our lay, + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + To the green wood haste away, + We can show you where he lies, + Fleet of foot, and tall of size; + We can show the marks he made + When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed; + You shall see him brought to bay. + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Louder, louder, chant the lay, + Waken, lords and ladies say, + Tell them youth, and mirth and glee, + Run a course as well as we, + Time, stern huntsman! who can balk, + Stanch as hound, and fleet as hawk? + Think of this, without delay, + Gentle lords and ladies gay. + +C.C. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SKETCH-BOOK + + * * * * * + +PHYSIOGNOMY OF HOUSES. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Houses undoubtedly present to the eye of fancy, an appearance +analogous to physiognomical expression in men. The remark has been +made by more acute observers than myself. + +Look at that beetle-browed, solemn looking mansion with a ponderous +hat-roof--I mean of slates, garnished with bay windows--observe its +heavy jaws of areas, its hard, close mouth of a door; its dark, deep +sunken eyes of windows peering out from the heavy brow of dark stone +coping that supports the slate hat in question: what a contrast to +the spruce mock gentility of its neighbour, with a stand-up collar of +white steps, a varnished face, and a light, jaunty, yet stiff air, +like a city apprentice in his best clothes. + +See the cap on the temple of that Chinese Mandarin, poking above yon +clump of firs, with its bell furniture; he seems pondering on the +aphorisms of Confucius, regardless of that booby faced conservatory, +whose bald, rounded pate glitters in the sun. Ah! what have we here; a +spruce masquerader in yellow straw hat, trying to look rural with as +much success as a reed thatched summer house. Stand in this quiet nook +a few hours, and give us the shadow of your mushroom covering. + +There is a poor, forlorn wretch with his rags fluttering about him +like a beggar--give him a penny--he must be in distress--look at +his shattered face and dilapidated form; shored up upon crutches, +tottering on the brink of the sewers--shores I mean--of eternity; +behold his crushed and crownless hat--his hollow eyes--his rheumy +visage--look at that petition penned on his breast. Poh! 'tis a +surveyor's notice to pull down. But, then, look at that plurality +parson with rotund prominence of portico, and red brick cheeks of vast +extent, and that high, steeple-crowned hat--look at the smug, mean, +insignificant dwarf of a meeting-house, sinking up to its knees in a +narrow lane, and looking as blank as a wall, with a trap-door of a +mouth, and a grating cast of eye. How yonder bridegroom, just cemented +in an alliance that will not last out his lease of life, "spick and +span new," all eyes, and a double row of buttons ornamenting his +latticed waistcoat, looks at his adored opposite, who holds her +Venetian parasol--sun shade--before her face, glowing like a red brick +wall in the sun. Ah! his regards are attracted by a modest little +nymph of the grove, seated snugly in a sylvan recess, her pretty white +cheeks peeping out beneath the tresses of honeysuckle and woodbine +that veil her beauty. Well, _railing_ is in this case allowable, for +see that brazen front of maiden sixty, guiltless of curls, with a huge +structure of bonnet cocked straight at the top of her head, like the +roof of a market-house, and her broad, square skirts of faded green, +deformed by formal knots of yew and holly. Look with what a blushless +face of triumph she eyes her poor tottering neighbour opposite, who +never appears destined "to suffer a recovery." Oh, 'tis remorseless! +But look down that vista of charity children in slate coloured Quaker +bonnets, stuck one against the other in drab, like pins in a paper, +but not so bright; are they going to stand there for ever, with their +governess at their head, looking as smug and fubsy as the squat house +at the end? Why 'tis--street!--Look at the pump at the other end, that +might pass for an abridgment of a parish clerk--and see, there comes +stalking across the Green the parish beadle, with a great white +placard in his hat--you might well mistake him for Alderman ----'s +monument in red brick with the marble tablet on the top of it. Ah! my +pretty rustic--why your straw hat and brown stuff frock, with white +bib, and that gay flowered apron, with the sprig of jessamine stuck +at your side--you look so homely and comely beneath the shade of that +tall oak, that I could fancy you were only the shepherd's cottage +at the corner of the grange. Bless me--here's a modern antique, +masquerading in the country!--why a village belle of queen Bess' days, +looking as new and as fresh as the young 'squire's lodge, fresh out +of the hands of his fancy architect. More mummery! why this gentleman +looks as fine and as foolish in his affectation of rugged points and +quaint angles, as a staring, white-washed, Gothic villa with the paint +not yet dry. Oh! there is certainly no denying that thou art the +primest of Quakers, Mr. Chapel, one that will not countenance a +_belle_, but lookest right onward in smooth and demure solidity, with +that strip of white path in front of thy brown gravel waistcoat, and +the ample skirts of thy road-coloured surtout; not so your neighbour +Sturdy, him with his chimney like an ink bottle, upright in his +button hole, and his pen-like poplar in his hand; he is equally +uncompromising, but looks with an eye of stern regard upon that gay +sprig of myrtle with his roof of a hat, jauntily clapped on one side, +and a towering charming feather, streaming like smoke in the breeze. +But whither have my vagaries led me--here I am once more in the +dullest of dull country towns, over which strides the gouty old dean, +like a Gothic arch across a cathedral city; and see how the wealthy +innkeeper dangles his broad medal (sign of his having been in the +yeomanry) that swings to the wind like the banner of his troop--how +contemptuously he eyes that solid looking overseer, the workhouse, +with his right and lefthand men the executioners of the law--Stocks +and Cage--oh! turn away--there is that villanous cross barred gripe +the Jail--enough, enough, indeed. + +LAVATERIELLO. + + * * * * * + + + + +MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS. + + * * * * * + +CURIOUS CEREMONY OF DRIVING DEER THROUGH THE WATER (FORMERLY +PRACTISED) IN LYME PARK, CHESHIRE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Ormerod, in his splendid _History of Cheshire_, says, "The park of +Lyme, which is very extensive, is celebrated for the fine flavour of +its venison, and contains a herd of wild cattle, the remains of a +breed which has been kept here from time immemorial, and is supposed +indigenous. In the last century a custom was observed here of driving +the deer round the park about Midsummer, or rather earlier, collecting +them in a body before the house, and then swimming them through a pool +of water, with which the exhibition terminated." There is a large +print of it by Vivares, after a painting by T. Smith, representing +Lyme Park during the performance of the annual ceremony, with the +great Vale of Cheshire and Lancashire, as far as the Rivington Hills +in the distance, and in the foreground the great body of the deer +passing through the pool, the last just entering it, and the old stags +emerging on the opposite bank, two of which are contending with their +fore-feet, the horns at that season being too tender to combat with. +This "art of driving the deer" like a herd of ordinary cattle, is +stated on a monument, at Disley, to have been first perfected by +Joseph Watson, who died in 1753, at the age of 104, "having been +park-keeper at Lyme more than sixty-four years." The custom, however, +appears not to have been peculiar to Lyme, as Dr. Whitaker describes, +in his _Account of Townley_, (the seat of a collateral line of Legh,) +"near the summit of the park, and where it declines to the south, the +remains of a large pool, through which tradition reports that the deer +were driven by their keepers in the manner still practised in the park +at Lyme."[8] + +Lyme Park is situated near the road from Manchester to London, through +Buxton, adjacent to the picturesque village of Disley. + +Lyme Hall is the seat of the principal of the ancient family of Leghs. +Perkins _à Legh_, a Norman, who was buried in Macclesfield Church, +rendered considerable services in the battle of Cressy, for which he +was presented with the estate and lordship of Lyme. The building is, +in part, of the date of Elizabeth; and the other a regular structure, +from a design of Leoni. + +P.T.W. + + [8] History of Whalley. + + * * * * * + + +STANNARY PARLIAMENT. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +In the Forest of Dartmoor, Devonshire, between Tavistock and Chegford, +is a high hill, called Crocken Tor, where the tinners of this county +are obliged by their charter to assemble their parliaments, or the +jurats who are commonly gentlemen within the jurisdiction, chosen +from the four stannary courts of coinage in this county, of which the +lord-warden is judge. The jurats being met to the number sometimes of +two or three hundred, in this desolate place, are quite exposed to the +weather and have no other place to sit upon but a moor-stone bench, +and no refreshments but what they bring with them; for this reason the +steward immediately adjourns the court to Tavistock, or some other +stannary town. + +HALBERT H. + + * * * * * + + +DOWRUCK. + + +In different parts of the North of England it is customary for the +labouring men to come before their masters at the close of their +_dowruck_ (day's work,) and inform him of their labours; the number of +hours their work took them are cut in notches upon an ash stick, and +at the end of the week when the men are paid, the stick is produced, +which immediately shows what each man is entitled to. + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +FAITOUR LANE, + + +Or as it is now called, Fetter Lane, is a term used by Chaucer, for an +idle fellow. The propriety of its denomination is indisputable. + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +ROBIN HOOD. + + +At Brough Sowerby, in Westmoreland, is an ale-house bearing the sign +of Robin Hood, with the following lines beneath it:-- + + + "Good frinds, good frinds, my ale is good. + It is the sign of Robin Hood, + If Robin Hood be not at hoame, + Step in and drink with Littel Johne." + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +JACK OF HILTON, THE BRAZEN IMAGE, ALIAS AN AEOLIPILE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Dr. Plot, in his _History of Staffordshire_, says, "The following +service is due from the Lord of Essington, in Staffordshire, to the +Lord of Hilton, about a mile distant, viz. that the Lord of the Manor +of Essington, shall bring a goose every New year's day, and drive it +round the fire in the hall at Hilton, at least three times, whilst +_Jack of Hilton_ is blowing the fire. Now Jack of Hilton is a little +hollow image of brass, of about twelve inches high, kneeling upon his +left knee, and holding his right hand upon his head, having a little +hole in the place of the mouth, about the bigness of a great pin's +head, and another in the back about two-thirds of an inch diameter, at +which last hole it is filled with water, it holding about four pints +and a quarter, which when set to a strong fire, evaporates after the +same manner as in an _Aeolipile_, and vents itself at the smaller hole +at the mouth in a constant blast, blowing the fire so strongly that it +is very audible, and makes a sensible impression on that part of the +fire where the blast lights, as I found by experience, May 26, 1680. +After the Lord of Essington, or his deputy, or bayliffe, has driven +the goose round the fire (at least three times) whilst this image +blows it, he carries it into the kitchen of Hilton Hall, and delivers +it to the cook, who having dressed it, the Lord of Essington, or his +bayliffe, by way of further service, brings it to the table of the +Lord paramount of Hilton and Essington, and receives a dish of meat +from the said Lord of Hilton's table, for his own mess." + +The Aeolipile, in hydraulics, is an instrument consisting of a hollow +metallic ball, with a slender neck or pipe, arising from it. This +being filled with water, and thus exposed to the fire, produces a +vehement blast of wind. + +This instrument, Des Cartes and others, have made use of, to account +for the natural cause and generation of wind; and hence its name, +Aeolipile, _pila Aeoli_, Aeolus's ball. + +In Italy it is said that the Aeolipile is commonly made use of to cure +smoky chimneys; for being hung over the fire, the blast arising from +it carries up the loitering smoke along with it. This instrument was +known to the ancients, and is mentioned by Vitruvius. + +Some late authors have discovered the extraordinary use to which the +frauds of the heathen priesthood applied the Aeolipile, viz. the +working of sham miracles. Besides _Jack of Hilton_, which had been +an ancient Saxon, image, or idol, Mr. Weber shows, that _Pluster_, a +celebrated German idol, is also of the Aeolipile kind, and in virtue +thereof, could do noble feats: being filled with a fluid, and then +set on the fire, it would be covered with sweat, and as the heat +increased, would at length burst out into flames. + +An Aeolipile of great antiquity, made of brass, was some years since +dug up on the site of the Basingstoke Canal, and presented to the +Antiquarian Society of London. Instead of being globular, with a bent +tube, it is in the form of a grotesque human figure, and the blast +proceeds from its mouth. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF WEARING THE VEIL. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +The origin of the veil is referred by the Greeks to modesty and +bashfulness. + +About thirty furlongs from the city of Sparta, Icarius placed a +statue of MODESTY, for the purpose of perpetuating the following +incident:--Icarius having married his daughter to Ulysses, solicited +his son-in-law to fix his household in Sparta, and remain there with +his wife, to which Ulysses would not consent. + +Icarius made the request to his daughter, conjuring her not to abandon +him, but seeing her ready to depart with Ulysses, for Ithaca, he +redoubled his efforts to detain her, nor could he be prevailed on to +desist from following the chariot on the way. + +Ulysses wearied with the importunities of Icarius, said to his wife, +"_You_ can best answer this request; it is yours to determine whether +you will remain with your father at Sparta, or depart with your +husband for Ithaca; you are mistress of the decision." + +The beautiful Penelope finding herself in this dilemma, blushed, and +without making the least reply, drew her veil over her face, thereby +intimating a denial to her father's request, and sunk into the arms of +her husband. + +Icarius, very sensibly affected by this behaviour, and being desirous +of transmitting it to posterity by the most durable monument, +consecrated a statue to Modesty, on the very spot where Penelope had +thrown the veil over her face; that after her it might be a universal +symbol of delicacy among the fair sex. + +C.K.W. + + * * * * * + + +The manners of the Welsh must have been even less delicate than those +of the Anglo-Saxons; for they thought it necessary to make a law, +"that none of the courtiers should give the queen a blow, or snatch +any thing with violence from her, under the penalty of incurring her +majesty's displeasure." + + * * * * * + + +FUNERAL OF A BURMESE PRIEST. + + +The funeral pile, in this case, is a car on wheels; and the body is +blown away, from a huge wooden cannon or mortar, with the purpose, I +believe, of conveying the soul more rapidly to heaven! Immense crowds +are collected on occasions of these funerals, which, far from being +conducted with mourning or solemnity, are occasions of rude mirth and +boisterous rejoicing. Ropes are attached to each extremity of the car, +and pulled in opposite directions by adverse parties; one of these +being for consuming the body, the other for opposing it. The +latter are at length overcome, fire is set to the pile amidst loud +acclamations, and the ceremony is consummated.--_Crawford's Embassy to +Ava_. + + * * * * * + + +PLAN FOR A NEW CITY. + + +[Illustration: Plan For A New City] + +(_To the Editor of The Mirror_.) + + +The various ages, interests, and tastes which govern the progressive +growth of cities, seem to be irremediable causes of the irregularity +and inconvenience of their final formations or plans--and until this +illustrious age of magnanimous projects and improvements, it would +have been thought ridiculous to offer any radical expedient for a +general improvement in the plans of cities; but _now_ that we see +_new_ cities growing round the metropolis, and new towns planned for +the distant dominions of Great Britain, it seems to be a convenient +season for explaining my notions respecting the general plan of a +city, with regard _only to the directions of the streets_, which after +the repeated consideration of fifty years, I have concluded may, and +ought to be, all straight streets, from _every extremity_, to the +opposite, whatever be the form of the _outermost_ boundary of the city +or town.--These _conclusions_ would most probably have passed off in +silence, but for an accidental fancy arising in my mind, on reading +lately in the Psalms, "_Jerusalem is a city that is in unity with +itself_." This text awakened my dormant ideas on the proper formation +of streets, and anticipating the reunion of the Jews, I began the +accompanying sketch for a "_Holy City_," or "_a New Jerusalem_," which +accounts for the twelve gates according with the original number of +the tribes of Israel, and the ten streets which diverge from each gate +are symbolic of the Ten Commandments, wherein they were commanded to +walk; the twelve circular areas I thought to be properly dedicated to +the Twelve Apostles of Christianity, under the idea that when the +Jews are again called together it will be under the new covenant of +Christianity, so that nothing could (in that case) be more appropriate +than placing the original propagators of it where so many paths led +towards them--and after fixing the place of public worship in the +centre, my orthodoxy ceased to affect my scheme, for want of that +technical knowledge which further detail would require--and having +accomplished my favourite determination of planning a town without +winding streets or crooked lanes. I offer it to the MIRROR as an +amusing novelty for the entertainment of its numerous readers. I think +it would be not inappropriate to call it the Royal City of _Victoria_. + +CHARLES MATTER. + +(To the ingenious designer of the annexed sketch, we are likewise +indebted for the Plan for a Maze, in our Vol. vii. page 233. Mr. H. +very pertinently observes to us "imagine what would have been said of +this plan for a city, had Belzoni or Buckingham found exactly such a +one in Assyria or Egypt,--of antique date?") + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS. + + * * * * * + +NEW EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. + + +It is rather late in the day to speak of what is technically termed +the "getting-up" of this elegant edition of the most popular works of +our time. There are now three volumes published--_Waverley_, in two +vols. and one vol. or half of _Guy Mannering_. Each of the +former contains upwards of 400 pages, and the latter nearly that +number--beautifully printed in what we call a very inviting type, on +excellent paper, of rich colour, and not too garish for the eye of +the reader. The engravings to _Waverley_ are by Graves, C. Rolls, +and Raddon, after E.P. and J. Stephanoff, Newton, and Landseer--a +frontispiece and plate title page and vignette to each volume. To our +taste the vignettes are exquisite--one by Landseer, _David Gellatley, +with Ban and Buscar_, is extremely beautiful. The illustrations to the +volume of _Guy Mannering_ are by Duncan, and C.G. Cooke, after Leslie +and Kidd. The volumes are in substantial canvass binding. Their low +price, a crown a-piece, is the marvel of bookselling, for were they +only reprints without copyright, they would be unprecedentedly cheap. +The whole series will extend to forty volumes, to be published in +three years, and will cost ten pounds. Fifteen-pence a week for the +above term will thus provide a family with one of the most elegant +drawing-room libraries that can be desired. They will about occupy +three _cheffonier_ shelves;--or what delightful volumes for fire-side +shelves, or a "little book-room," or a breakfast parlour opening on +a carpet of lawn--or to read by the hour, with a golden-haired +lady-friend, and chat awhile, and then turn to the most attractive +scenes in the novel, while we ourselves are perhaps enacting the hero +in a romance of real life. Few novels admit of a second reading; +but the _Waverley_ series will never lose their attraction--and to +remember when and where, and with whom you first read each of them, +may perhaps revive many pleasantries. + +Of the literary Notes and emendations of the present edition, we have +already expressed our opinion by the selection of several of them for +the pages of the MIRROR; and in the progress of the publication, we +shall endeavour to award similar justice to each of the works. + +In the _Athenaeum_, of August 5, the presumed profit on the whole +edition is estimated at £100,000.! The calculation of the sale of +12,000 of each work is a reasonable one, and splendid as, in that +case, the reward will be, the reading-public will be the gainers. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE FAMILY LIBRARY. + +_HISTORY OF THE JEWS._ + + +We scarcely know how to do justice to the high character of the series +of volumes now publishing under this denomination. In printing and +embellishment they take the lead of the Periodical Works of our day, +(and some of these are extremely beautiful,) while their literary +worth is even of superior order. Although they are matter-of-fact +works--as in history and biography--they are not mere compilations of +dry details and uninteresting lives; but they are so interspersed with +new views, and the facts are so often re-written, that the whole have +the appearance of original works. Excellent principles, and economy of +cost are, likewise, two important points of their recommendations; for +many works which have already appeared on the same subjects, have +been deformed by party spirit, and written to serve a sect, or are +so expensive as to be purchaseable only by the wealthy ranks, and +scarcely accessible by the middle classes of society; whereas the +Family Library is published at a rate within the reach of two-thirds +of the reading public, who may therefore possess what they read, +and appreciate the value of these volumes as works of reference and +authority. + +The division of the series which has called forth this notice, is No. +5, or the first volume of the _History of the Jews_, to be completed +in three volumes, by the Rev. H.H. Milman, Professor of Poetry at +Oxford, and the author of the splendid poem--The Fall of Jerusalem; +and judging by the portion before us, this work will form one of the +most attractive in the whole series. In proof of this it would be easy +to select many passages which are beautifully picturesque; a few, +however, will suffice: + +"The Jews, without reference to their religious belief, are among +the most remarkable people in the annals of mankind. Sprung from one +stock, they pass the infancy of their nation in a state of servitude +in a foreign country, where, nevertheless, they increase so rapidly, +as to appear on a sudden the fierce and irresistible conquerors of +their native valleys in Palestine. There they settle down under a form +of government and code of laws totally unlike those of any other rude +or civilized community. They sustain a long and doubtful conflict, +sometimes enslaved, sometimes victorious, with the neighbouring +tribes. At length, united under one monarchy, they gradually rise to +the rank of a powerful, opulent, and commercial people. Subsequently +weakened by internal discord, they are overwhelmed by the vast +monarchies which arose on the banks of the Euphrates, and transplanted +into a foreign region. They are partially restored, by the generosity +or policy of the Eastern sovereigns, to their native land. They are +engaged in wars of the most romantic gallantry, in assertion of their +independence, against the Syro-Grecian successors of Alexander. Under +Herod, they rise to a second era of splendour, as a dependent kingdom +of Rome: finally, they make the last desperate resistance to the +universal dominion of the Caesars. Scattered from that period over +the face of the earth--hated, scorned, and oppressed, they subsist, +a numerous and often a thriving people; and in all the changes of +manners and opinions retain their ancient institutions, their national +character, and their indelible hope of restoration to grandeur and +happiness in their native land. Thus the history of this, perhaps +the only unmingled race, which can boast of high antiquity, leads us +through every gradation of society and brings us into contact with +almost every nation which commands our interest in the ancient world; +the migratory pastoral population of Asia; Egypt, the mysterious +parent of arts, science, and legislation; the Arabian Desert; the +Hebrew theocracy under the form of a federative agricultural republic, +their kingdom powerful in war and splendid in peace; Babylon, in its +magnificence and downfall; Grecian arts and luxury endeavouring to +force an unnatural refinement within the pale of the rigid Mosaic +institutions; Roman arms waging an exterminating war with the +independence even of the smallest states; it descends, at length, to +all the changes in the social state of the modern European and Asiatic +nations." + +At page 32, there is an interesting picture of the state of society in +Patriarchal times--the whole of the life of Moses is extremely well +written--the description of the Plague is indeed terrific--and the +death and character of the Prophet drawn with a masterly and vigorous +hand. The reigns of David and Solomon, as might be expected, are +magnificently told. Among the picturesque sketches none exceed the-- + +DESCRIPTION OF PALESTINE. + +"It is almost impossible to calculate with accuracy the area of a +country, the frontier of which is irregular on every side. Lowman has +given three different estimates of the extent of territory occupied +by the twelve tribes, the mean between the two extremes approaches +probably the nearest to the truth. According to this computation, the +Jewish dominion, at the time of the Division, was 180 miles long, by +130 wide, and contained 14,976,000 acres. This quantity of land +will divide to 600,000 men, about 21-1/2 acres in property, with a +remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the Levitical cities, the princes of +tribes, the heads of families, and other public uses. Assuming this +estate of 21-1/2 acres, assigned to each household, of course a +larger proportion of pasture must have been given to those tribes who +subsisted on their herds and flocks, than of arable to those who +lived by tillage, the portions of the latter, therefore, must be +considerably reduced. On the other hand, the extraordinary fertility +of the whole country must be taken into the account. No part was +waste; very little was occupied by unprofitable wood; the more fertile +hills were cultivated in artificial terraces, others were hung with +orchards of fruit trees; the more rocky and barren districts were +covered with vineyards. Even in the present day, the wars and +misgovernment of ages have not exhausted the natural richness of the +soil. Galilee, says Malte Brun, would be a paradise were it inhabited +by an industrious people, under an enlightened government. No land +could be less dependent on foreign importation; it bore within itself +every thing that could be necessary for the subsistence and comfort +of a simple agricultural people. The climate was healthy, the seasons +regular; the former rains, which fell about October, after the +vintage, prepared the ground for the seed; the latter, which prevailed +during March and the beginning of April, made it grow rapidly. +Directly the rains ceased, the grain ripened with still greater +rapidity, and was gathered in before the end of May. The summer months +were dry and very hot, but the nights cool and refreshed by copious +dews. In September, the vintage was gathered. Grain of all kinds, +wheat, barley, millet, zea, and other sorts, grew in abundance; the +wheat commonly yielded thirty for one. Besides the vine and the +olive, the almond, the date, figs of many kinds, the orange, the +pomegranates, and many other fruit-trees, flourished in the greatest +luxuriance. Great quantity of honey was collected. The balm tree, +which produced the opobalsamum, a great object of trade, was probably +introduced from Arabia in the time of Solomon. It nourished about +Jericho and in Gilead." + +This is but a portion of the sketch. The wealth and commerce of the +country is thus told: + +"The only public revenue of the Hebrew commonwealth was that of the +sacred treasury, the only public expenditure that of the religious +worship. This was supported by a portion of the spoils taken in war; +the first fruits, which in their institution were no more than could +be carried in a basket, at a later period were rated to be one part in +sixty; the redemption of the first born, and of whatever was vowed to +the Lord. Almost every thing of the last class might be commuted for +money according to a fixed scale. The different annual festivals were +well calculated to promote internal commerce: maritime or foreign +trade, is scarcely mentioned in the law, excepting in two obscure +prophetic intimations of advantages, which the tribes of Dan and +Zebulun were to derive from their maritime situation. On this subject +the lawgiver could have learned nothing in Egypt. The commerce of that +country was confined to the inland caravan trade. The Egyptians hated +or dreaded the sea, which they considered either the dwelling of the +evil principle, or the evil principle itself. At all events, the +Hebrews at this period were either blind to the maritime advantages of +their situation, or unable to profit by them. The ports were the last +places they conquered. Sidon, if indeed within their boundary, never +lost its independence; Tyre, if it existed, was a town too obscure to +be named; Ecdippa and Acco remained in the power of the Canaanites; +Joppa is not mentioned as a port till much later. The manufactures of +the people supplied their own wants; they brought from Egypt the arts +of weaving woollens and linens, stuffs made of fine goats' hair, and +probably cotton; of dying in various colours, and bleaching, and of +embroidering; of many kinds of carpenter's work; of building, some +of the rules of which were regulated by law; of making earthenware +vessels; of working in iron, brass, and the precious metals, both +casting them and forming them with the tool; of gilding, engraving +seals, and various other kinds of ornamental work, which were +employed in the construction of the altars and sacred vessels of the +Tabernacle." + +Among the illustrative passages we notice the following exquisite +paragraph on the-- + +HEBREW POETS. + +"THE three most eminent men in the Hebrew annals, Moses, David, and +Solomon, were three of their most distinguished poets. The hymns of +David excel no less in sublimity and tenderness of expression than in +loftiness and purity of religious sentiment. In comparison with them +the sacred poetry of all other nations sinks into mediocrity. They +have embodied so exquisitely the universal language of religious +emotion, that (a few fierce and vindictive passages excepted, natural +in the warrior-poet of a sterner age,) they have entered with +unquestioned propriety into the ritual of the holier and more perfect +religion of Christ. The songs which cheered the solitude of the desert +caves of Engedi, or resounded from the voice of the Hebrew people as +they wound along the glens or the hill-sides of Judaea, have been +repeated for ages in almost every part of the habitable world, in the +remotest islands of the ocean, among the forests of America or the +sands of Africa. How many human hearts have they softened, purified, +exalted!--of how many wretched beings have they been the secret +consolation!--on how many communities have they drawn down the +blessings of Divine Providence, by bringing the affections into unison +with their deep, devotional fervour." + +The present volume extends from the time of Abraham to the Babylonian +Captivity. It is illustrated with three excellent maps, and a few wood +cuts; but we are convinced that we need add nothing further of its +contents to recommend the _History of the Jews_ to the attention of +our readers; for it is one of the most splendid and fascinating works +in our recollection. + + * * * * * + + +LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING KNOWLEDGE. + + +The Fourth Part of this well-arranged publication, is "_The Pursuit of +Knowledge under difficulties illustrated by Anecdotes_." The matter +is judiciously divided into chapters, as "Strength of the Passion for +Knowledge--Humble Station no Obstacle--Obscure Origin--Artists rising +from the lower to the higher classes--Late Learners--Early Age +of Great Men--Self-educated Men--Literary Pursuits of +Soldiers--Merchants, Booksellers, and Printers." All these heads are +illustrated by anecdotes--some of them well known, others drawn +from uncommon sources--and all replete with useful information, and +furnishing an exhaustless store of entertainment. Such a volume is, +indeed, _a book for the people_, and will do more towards the spread +of knowledge, and the excitement of those engaged in its pursuit, than +scores of fine-spun theories cramped up with technicalities. For young +people we consider this book a real treasure; since the examples +selected are not those of men who became intoxicated with their +success, or gave up useful occupation for mere elegant literature or +experimental knowledge; but the instances are chiefly of such as have +turned their genius to good account, or for the benefit of themselves +and their fellow men. We call such men the _honourables of the land_, +whose examples should be written in letters of gold, and on monuments +of marble, as helps to social duties and for the imitation of after +times. + +We have marked for our next number a few extracts which will be +interesting to our readers to explain the mode by which the heads of a +chapter are illustrated. The biographettes of John Hunter, Simpson, J. +Stone, and Fergusson, and the introductory illustrations of Newton, +are the most striking portions of the volume; and they maybe read and +re-read with increasing advantage. Of Hunter and Fergusson there are +good portraits. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY. + + * * * * * + + +_Block Machinery._ + + +Mr. Faraday has lately described at the Royal Institution, Brunel's +Block Machinery at Portsmouth, with a set of magnificent models of +this admirable invention, which were lent to the Society by the +Navy Board. They consist of eight separate machines, which work in +succession, so as to begin and finish off a two-sheaved block four +inches in length. These were put by Messrs. Maudsley and Field's men +(who made them) into such communication and action, as to perform the +set of operations in the most perfect manner. + +Mr. F. briefly stated that the Block Machinery of Portsmouth, by +adjustments, could manufacture blocks of 100 different sizes--could +with thirty men make 100 per hour; and from the time of its completion +in 1804-5 to the present day, had required no repairs from Maudsley, +the original manufacturer. The total cost was given at 46,000 _l_., +and the saving per annum in time of war 25,000 _l_. This is a paragon +of art which we could see again and again. + + +_Enameled Street Names._ + +The names of the Streets in Paris have been recently put up on +enameled plates; the ground being blue, and the letters white. The +substance on which the enameling is performed is lava in slabs; the +same substance has since been used as the basis of certain enameled +designs; it is much superior in some points to porcelain in this +application, because the necessary exposure to fire does not cause it +to crack in the manner that porcelain does.--_From the French_. + + +_Preservation of Wine Must._ + +Charcoal was added to grape must, in the proportion of 100 grains to a +litre (2.1 pints), or if very much inclined to ferment, more +charcoal was used. When the liquid had settled, and become clear and +colourless, it was removed from the charcoal, and put into bottles +or casks, to be closed up, and preserved. It will not enter into +fermentation, even in close vessels; for the charcoal has absorbed +the ferment. Nevertheless, the ferment has not lost its powers by +combination with the carbon; for, if left in the must, the latter +begins to ferment, but only where in contact with the former.--_From +the French_. + + +_Weevils in Granaries._ + +Wash the floor and sides of the granary with a mixture of urine and +water before the corn is stored up; this washing is to be repeated +several times, the walls and floors of the granary being well swept +between each operation.--_From the French_. + + +_French Eggs and Apples._ + +In the year 1827 there were 63,109,618 hen's eggs, and 14,182 bushels +of apples imported from France into England. + + +_Enlargement of Artichokes._ + +The gardeners in the south of France increase the size of artichokes +by splitting the stem into four at the base of the receptacle, and +introducing two small sticks in the form of a cross. This operation +should not be made until the stem has attained the height it ought to +have.--_From the French_. + + +_Preservation of Potatoes._ + +Potatoes at the depth of one foot in the ground, produce shoots near +the end of spring; at the depth of two feet they appear in the middle +of summer; at three feet they are very short, and never come to the +surface; and between three and five feet they cease to vegetate. In +consequence of observing these effects several parcels of potatoes +were buried in a garden at the depth of three and a half feet, and +were not removed. until after an interval of one or two years. They +were then found without, any shoots, and possessing their original +freshness, firmness, goodness, and taste. _From the French_. + + +_Leeches._ + +It is well known that atmospheric changes have a remarkable influence +upon leeches. In 1825, M. Derheim, of St. Omer, ascribes the almost +sudden death of them at the approach of, or during storms, to the +coagulation of the blood of these creatures, caused by the impression +of the atmospheric electricity.--_From the French_. + + +_Carpenter's Microscope._ + +Mr. Carpenter's achromatic solar microscope has now a white circular +area of nine feet in diameter, to receive the images of the objects +upon, some of which are magnified to the enormous size of upwards of +eight feet in length! + +Mr. Carpenter's lucernal microscopes are now arranged in a kind of +temple, placed in the middle of a room, and illuminated by the light +of one powerful Argand lamp, so as to be independent of all natural +light; thus, in all seasons, even in cloudy weather, the objects are +as brilliantly displayed as they could be last year when the sun +shone.--_Gill's Repository_. + + +_Beet Root Sugar._ + +There are now in France upwards of one hundred manufactories of beet +root sugar, from which were produced last year upwards of 5,000 tons +of sugar, worth 60 _l._ per ton, or 300,000 _l_.; the profit of which +is estimated at 15 _l._ an acre; but, says one of the manufacturers, +the process may be so far improved, that sugar will be made in France +from the beet root at 30 _l._ per ton, which will increase the profit +to 24 _l._ an acre. A writer in the _Quarterly Journal of Agriculture_ +observes that "it is difficult to conceive that one half of the sugar +consumed in Great Britain, or in all Europe, will not, in a few years, +be home-made beet root sugar." + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS + + * * * * * + +LORD BYRON AND SIR WALTER SCOTT AT WATERLOO. + +_By a Sexagenarian._ + + +In his transit to Italy in August, 1816, Lord Byron visited Brussels +(where I was residing) accompanied by Dr. Polidori. The moment I heard +of his arrival, I waited on him, and was received with the greatest +cordiality and kindness. + +As he proposed visiting Waterloo on the following morning, I offered +my services as his cicerone, which were graciously accepted, and we +set out at an early hour, accompanied by his _compagnon de voyage_. +The weather was propitious, but the poet's spirits seemed depressed, +and we passed through the gloomy forest of Soignies without much +conversation. As the plan of the inspection of the field had been left +to me, I ordered our postilion to drive to Mont St. Jean, without +stopping at Waterloo. We got out at the monuments. Lord Byron gazed +about for five minutes without uttering a syllable; at last, turning +to me, he said--"I am not disappointed. I have seen the plains of +Marathon, and these are as fine. Can you tell me," he continued, +"where Picton fell? because I have heard that my friend Howard was +killed at his side, and nearly at the same moment." + +The spot was well known, and I pointed with my finger to some trees +near it, at the distance of one hundred and fifty yards: we walked to +the spot. "Howard," said his lordship, with a sigh, "was my relation +and dear friend; but we quarrelled, and I was in the wrong; we were, +however, reconciled, at which I now rejoice." He spoke these words +with great feeling, and we returned to examine the monument of Sir +Alexander Gordon, a broken column, on which he made some criticisms, +bestowing great praise on the fraternal affection of his brother, who +had erected it. He did not seem much interested about the positions of +the troops, which I pointed out to him; and we got into our carriage, +and drove to the Château Goumont, the poet remaining silent, pensive, +and in a musing mood, which I took care not to interrupt. + +The gallant defence of this post seemed to interest him more, and +I recapitulated all the particulars I knew of the attack. From the +bravery displayed by the handful of troops (the Guards) who defended +it, it has acquired its reputation. Though they were reinforced +more than once, the number never exceeded twelve hundred; and +notwithstanding the enemy having, by battering down the gate of the +farmyard, and setting fire to the straw in it, got possession of the +outer works, in the evening attack, they could make no impression on +the strong hold, the garden-- + + + "Whose close pleach'd walks and bowers have been + The deadly marksman's lurking screen." + + +They reaped no advantage by these assaults; on the contrary, they +sacrificed a great many brave men without any purpose. It was a most +important post; for had they succeeded in getting possession of it, +and driving out our troops, their guns would have enfiladed us, and +we should have been obliged to change our front. The pompous title +of _château_ gives a little additional importance to this position, +though it is only a miserable dwelling of two stories, somewhat +resembling the habitations of our _Bonnet Lairds_ about the beginning +of the last century. The area of the house is about two Scotch acres, +including the garden. The clipped and shady walks have been long since +cut down, which takes away much interest from it; and the stupid +Fleming to whom it belonged, cut down the young trees in front of it, +because they had been wounded by the bullets, which he was informed +"would cause them to bleed to death!" The nobleman who now possesses +it, had, with better taste, repaired the château, and will not permit +any alteration in its appearance. + +I asked Byron what he thought of Mr. Scott's "Field of Waterloo," just +published--if it was fair to ask one poet his opinion of a living +contemporary. "Oh," said he, "quite fair; besides, there is not much +subject for criticism in this hasty sketch. The reviewers call it a +_falling off_; but I am sure there is no poet living who could have +written so many good lines on so meagre a subject, in so short a time. +Scott," he added, "is a fine poet, and a most amiable man. We are +great friends. As a prose writer, he has no rival; and has not been +approached since Cervantes, in depicting manners. His tales are my +constant companions. It is highly absurd his denying, what every one +that knows him believes, his being the author of these admirable +works. Yet no man is obliged to give his name to the public, except he +chooses so to do; and Scott is not likely to be compelled by the law, +for he does not write libels, nor a line of which he may be ashamed." +He said a great deal more in praise of his friend, for whom he had the +highest respect and regard. "I wish," added the poet, with feeling, +"it had been my good fortune to have had such a Mentor. No author," he +observed, "had deserved more from the public, or has been so liberally +rewarded. Poor Milton got only 15_l._ for his 'Paradise Lost,' while +a modern poet has as much for a stanza." I know not if he made any +allusion to himself in this remark, but it has been said that Murray +paid him that sum for every verse of "Childe Harold." + +Lord Byron, in reading aloud the stanzas of Mr. Scott, + + + "For high, and deathless is the name, + Oh Hougoinont, thy ruins claim! + The sound of Cressy none shall own, + And Agincourt shall be unknown, + And Blenheim be a nameless spot + Long ere thy glories are forgot," &c. + + +he exclaimed, striking the page with his hand, "I'll be d----d if they +will, Mr. Scott, be forgot!" + + +SIR WALTER SCOTT. + + +Sir Walter Scott visited Brussels about the middle of August, 1816, +when I had the good fortune to meet him at the house of Sir Frederick +Adam, who was prevented by a wound from joining his brigade, though he +was able to do the duties of the small garrison there. + +Mr. Scott accepted my services to conduct him to Waterloo. The +general's aid-de-camp was also of the party, Mr. Scott being +accompanied by two friends, his fellow travellers. He made no secret +of his having undertaken to write something on the battle; and he +took the greater interest on this account in every thing that he saw. +Besides, he had never seen a field of such a conflict; and never +having been before on the Continent, it was all new to his +comprehensive mind. The day was beautiful; and I had the precaution to +send out a couple of saddle-horses, that he might not be fatigued +in walking over the fields which had been recently ploughed up. The +animal he rode was so quiet that he was much gratified, and had an +opportunity of examining every spot of the positions of both armies; +and seemed greatly delighted, especially with the Farm of Goumont, +where he loitered a couple of hours. In our rounds we fell in with +Monsieur Da Costar, with whom he got into conversation, though I had +told him he was an impostor. But he had attracted so much notice by +his pretended story of being about the person of Napoleon, that he was +of too much importance to be passed by: I did not, indeed, know as +much of this fellow's Charlatanism at that time as afterwards, when +I saw him confronted with a blacksmith of La Belle Alliance, who had +been his companion in a hiding-place, ten miles from the field, during +the whole day; a fact which he could not deny. But he had got up a +tale so plausible, and so profitable, that he could afford to bestow +hush-money on the companion of his flight, so that the imposition was +but little known, and strangers continued to be gulled. He had picked +up a good deal of information about the positions and details of the +battle, and being naturally a sagacious Wallon, and speaking French +pretty fluently, he became the favourite _cicerone_, and every lie he +told was taken for gospel. Year after year, until his death, in 1824, +he continued his popularity, and raised the price of his rounds from a +couple of francs to five; besides as much for the hire of a horse, his +own property; for he pretended that the fatigue of walking so many +hours was beyond his powers. It has been said, that in this way he +realized every summer a couple of hundred Napoleons. It is surprising +how any one could believe the story he told; for supposing that he had +been seized upon by Napoleon, what use could such a vagabond be as a +guide? What was he to show? The British army was staring the Emperor +in the face at a mile distant. This _soi-disant_ hero could only be +an incumbrance during the conflict, if his courage could have been +screwed up to remain at Napoleon's side, as he pretended he had done, +and that when he became panicstruck on the approach of the Prussians, +he was rewarded for his services with a twenty-franc coin. He even +pointed out the actual spot where he stood with the Emperor on the +_chaussée_--heard him exclaim "Sauve qui peut!" and saw him mount his +horse, and brush!--_facts_, which are become historical! + +When Sir Walter had examined every point of defence and attack we +adjourned to the "Original Duke of Wellington," at Waterloo, to +dinner, after the fatigues of the ride. Here he had a crowded levée of +peasants, and collected a great many trophies, from cuirasses down to +buttons and bullets. He picked up himself many little relics, and was +fortunate in purchasing a grand cross of the legion of honour. But +the most precious relic was presented to him by my wife--a French +soldier's book, well stained with blood, and containing some poetical +effusions, called "Troubadours," which he found so interesting that +he translated them into English, and they were introduced into his +"Paul's Letters;" on the publication of which he did her the honour of +sending her a copy, with a most flattering letter, to say, "that he +considered her gift as the most valuable of all his Waterloo relics." + +On our return from the field, he kindly passed the evening with us, +and a few friends whom we invited to meet him. He charmed us with his +delightful conversation, and was in great spirits from the agreeable +day he had passed; and with great good humour promised to write a +stanza in the lady's Album. The following morning he called to achieve +this; and I put him into my little library, the door of which I locked +to prevent interruption, as a great many of my friends had paraded in +the _Parc_ opposite my window to get a peep of the celebrated man, +many having dogged him from his hotel. + +Brussels affords but little worthy of the notice of such a traveller +as the author of "Waverley;" but he greatly admired the splendid +tower of the Maison de Ville, and the ancient sculpture and style of +architecture of the buildings which surround the Grand Place. + +He told us, with great humour, a laughable incident which had occurred +to him at Antwerp. The morning after his arrival at that city from +Holland, he started at an early hour to visit the tomb of Rubens in +the Church of St. Jacques, before his party were up. Having provided +himself with a map of the city, he had no other guide; but after +wandering about for an hour, without finding the object he had in +view, he determined to make inquiry, and observing a person stalking +about like himself, he addressed him, in his best French; but the +stranger pulling off his hat, very respectfully replied, in the pure +Highland accent, "I'm vary sorry, Sir, but I canna speak ony thing +besides English."--"This is very unlucky indeed, Donald," said Mr. +Scott, "but we must help one another; for, to tell you the truth, +I'm not good at any other tongue but the English, or rather, the +Scotch."--"Oh, Sir, maybe," replied the Highlander, "you are a +countryman, and ken my maister, Captain Cameron, of the 79th, and +could tell me where he lodges. I'm just cum in, Sir, frae a place they +ca' _Machlin_, and ha forgotten the name of the captain's quarters; it +was something like the _Laaborer_."--"I can, I think, help you with +this, my friend," rejoined Mr. Scott. "There is an inn just opposite +to you, (pointing to the _Hotel de Grand Laboreur_,) I dare say that +will be the captain's quarters;" and so it was. I cannot do justice to +the humour in which Mr. Scott recounted this dialogue. + +_New Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. +SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +SUPERSTITION. + + +Catherine de Medicis, in order to be assured of the assistance of +heaven in a certain project, vowed to send a pilgrim to Jerusalem, +who should walk three feet forwards and one backwards all the way. A +countryman of Picardy undertook the fulfilment of this vow, and having +employed a whole year in the task, was rewarded with a title and a +large sum of money. + + * * * * * + + +The Romans deposed their Dictator, Minutius, and the general of their +cavalry, Caius Flaminius, on the same day they had been elected, +because one of the citizens of Rome had heard a mouse squeak. + +A.V.M. + + * * * * * + + +NAPKINS. + + +When Diego de Torres, the Spanish ambassador, in 1547, first dined +with the Emperor of Morocco at his court, he was amused by the customs +of the table; neither knives, forks, nor spoons, were provided; but +each person helped himself with his fingers, and cleaned his hands +with his tongue, excepting the emperor, who wiped the hand he took his +meat up with on the head of a black boy, ten years old, who stood by +his side. The ambassador smiled, and the emperor observing it, asked +what Christian kings wiped their hands with at meals, and what such +things were worth? "Fine napkins," replied the ambassador, "a clean +one at every meal, worth a crown a piece or more." "Don't you think +this napkin much better," said the emperor, wiping his hand again on +the black boy's head, "which is worth seventy or eighty crowns." + + * * * * * + + +JUSTICE. + + +"What is your fare, coachee," said a stout gentleman alighting from a +hackney-coach. + +_Coachee_.--"One shilling, sir." + +_Gent_.--"One shilling! What an imposition for such a short distance." + +_Coachee_.--"I'll take my oath that is my fare." + +_Gent_.--"Will you? very well, I am a magistrate, proceed--(_Coachee +is sworn_)--That will do, the shilling I shall keep for the +affidavit." + + * * * * * + + +Philip III. King of Spain, wept at an _Auto da Fé_, because he saw so +many fellow creatures inhumanly tormented. This was thought by the +Grand Inquisitor to be a great sin, and he terrified the king so much +with his remonstrances, that Philip suffered himself to be bled, and +the blood to be given to the common executioner, to be burnt at the +next _Auto da Fé_, by way of penance. + + * * * * * + + +_Cobweb_ comes from the Dutch word _Kopwebbe_; and _Kop_ in that +language signifies a spider. + + * * * * * + + +(S.I.B.'s interesting paper on the Birth of Edward VI. and Death of +Queen Jane Seymour, did not reach us till our description of Hampton +Court was ready for press: our Correspondent's contribution shall +appear next week.) + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY PUBLISHED: + + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 385 *** + +***** This file should be named 11455-8.txt or 11455-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/4/5/11455/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Nicolas Hayes and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 14, No. 385, Saturday, August 15, 1829. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 5, 2004 [EBook #11455] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 385 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Nicolas Hayes and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page97" id="page97"></a>[pg 97]</span> +<h1>THE MIRROR<br /> + OF<br /> + LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1> + +<hr class="full" /> +<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date"> +<tr> +<td align="left"><b>VOL. XIV, NO. 385.]</b></td> +<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1829.</b></td> +<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<h2>HAMPTON COURT.</h2> + +<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href= +"images/385-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/385-1.png" alt= +"Hampton Court." /></a></div> + +<p>Here is a bird's-eye view of a royal palace and domain "cut out +in little stars." It is copied from one of Kipp's Views in Great +Britain in the time of Queen Anne, and affords a correct idea of +Hampton Court in all its olden splendour.</p> + +<p>The palace is situated on the north bank of the Thames, two +miles west from Kingston. It was magnificently built by Cardinal +Wolsey. After he became possessed of the lease of the manor of +Hampton, "he bestowed," says Stow, "great cost of building upon it, +converting the mansion-house into so stately a palace, that it is +said to have excited much envy; to avoid which, in the year 1526, +he gave it to the king, who in recompense thereof licensed him to +lie in his manor of Richmond at his pleasure; and so he lay there +at certain times;" but it appears that Wolsey after this +occasionally inhabited the palace (perhaps as keeper;) for in 1527, +when some French ambassadors were in England, the king sent them to +be entertained by the Cardinal at Hampton Court. The preparations +for this purpose are detailed in a MS. copy of Cavendish's <i>Life +of Wolsey</i>, in the British Museum, and afford the reader some +idea of the magnificent taste of the prelate in matters of state +and show. The Cardinal was commanded to receive the ambassadors +with surpassing splendour; then "my Lord Cardinal sent me (Mr. +Cavendish) being his gentleman usher, with two other of my fellows +thither, to foresee all things touching our rooms to be nobly +garnished"—"accordingly our pains were not small nor light, +but daily travelling up and down from chamber to chamber; then +wrought the carpenters, joiners, masons, and all other artificers +necessary to be had to glorify this noble feast." He tells us of +"expert cookes, and connyng persons in the art of cookerie; the +cookes wrought both day and night with suttleties and many crafty +devices, where lacked neither gold, silver, nor other costly things +meet for their purpose"—"280 beds furnished with all manner +of furniture to them, too long particularly to be rehearsed, but +all wise men do sufficiently know what belongeth to the furniture +thereof, and that is sufficient at this <span class="pagenum"><a +name="page98" id="page98"></a>[pg 98]</span> time to be said." +Wolsey's arrival during the feast is described quaintly enough: +"Before the second course my lord came in booted and spurred, all +sodainely amongst them <i>proface</i>;<a id="footnotetag1" name= +"footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> at whose +coming there was great joy, with rising every man from his place, +whom my lord caused to sit still, and keep their roomes, and being +in his apparel as he rode, called for a chayre and sat down in the +middest of the high paradise, laughing and being as merry as ever I +saw him in all my lyff." The whole party drank long and strong, +some of the Frenchmen were led off to bed, and in the chambers of +all was placed abundance of "wine and beere."</p> + +<p>Henry VIII. added considerably to Wolsey's building, and in the +latter part of his reign, it became one of his principal +residences. Among the events connected with the palace are the +following:—</p> + +<p>Edward VI. was born at Hampton Court, October 12, 1537, and his +mother, Queen Jane Seymour, died there on the 14th of the same +month.<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href= +"#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a> Her corpse was conveyed to Windsor by +water, where she was buried, November 12. Catharine Howard was +openly showed as Queen, at Hampton Court, August 8, 1540. Catharine +Parr was married to the King at this palace, and proclaimed Queen, +July 12, 1543. In 1558, Mary and Philip kept Christmas here with +great solemnity, when the large hall was illuminated with 1,000 +lamps. Queen Elizabeth frequently resided, and gave many superb +entertainments here, in her reign. In 1603-4, the celebrated +conference between Presbyterians and the Established Church was +held here before James I. as moderator, in a withdrawing-room +within the privy-chamber, on the subject of Conformity. All the +Lords of the Council were present, and the conference lasted three +days; a new translation of the Bible was ordered, and some +alterations were made in the Liturgy.<a id="footnotetag3" name= +"footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a></p> + +<p>Charles I. retired to Hampton Court on account of the plague, in +1625, when a proclamation prohibited all communication between +London, Southwark, or Lambeth, and this place.<a id="footnotetag4" +name="footnotetag4"></a><a href="#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> +Charles was brought here by the army, August 24, 1647, and lived in +a state of splendid imprisonment, being allowed to keep up the +state and retinue of a court, till November 11, following, when he +made his escape<a id="footnotetag5" name="footnotetag5"></a><a +href="#footnote5"><sup>5</sup></a> to the Isle of Wight.</p> + +<p>In 1651, the Honour and Palace of Hampton were sold to creditors +of the state; but previously to 1657 it came into the possession of +Cromwell, who made it one of his chief residences. Elizabeth, his +daughter, was here publicly married to the Lord Falconberg; and the +Protector's favourite child, Mrs. Claypoole, died here, and was +conveyed with great pomp to Westminster Abbey.</p> + +<p>The palace was occasionally inhabited by Charles II. and James +II. King William resided much at Hampton Court; he pulled down +great part of the old palace, which then consisted of five +quadrangles, and employed Sir Christopher Wren to build on its site +the Fountain Court, or State Apartments. In July, 1689, the Duke of +Gloucester, son of the Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was born +here. The Queen sojourned at Hampton occasionally, as did her +successors George I. and II.; but George III. never resided here. +When his late serene highness William the Fifth, Stadtholder of the +United Provinces, was condemned to quit his country by the French, +this palace was appropriated to his use; and he resided here +several years. The principal domestic apartments of Hampton Court +are now occupied by different private families, who have grants for +life from the crown.</p> + +<p>The palace consists of three grand quadrangles: the western +quadrangle, or entrance court is 167 feet 2 inches, north to south, +and 141 feet 7 inches, east to west. This leads to the second, or +middle quadrangle, 133 feet 6 inches, north to south, and 91 feet +10 inches, east to west; this is usually called the Clock Court, +from a curious astronomical clock by Tompion, over the gateway of +the eastern side; on the southern side is a colonnade of Ionic +pillars by Wren. On the north is the great hall: as this is not +mentioned by Cavendish, probably it was part of Henry's building. +It certainly was not finished till 1536 or 1537, as appears from +initials of the King and Jane Seymour, joined in a true lover's +knot, amongst the decorations; this hall is 106 feet long, and 40 +broad. Queen Caroline had a theatre erected here, in which it was +intended that two plays should be acted weekly during the stay of +the Court; but only seven plays were performed in it by the Drury +Lane company,<a id="footnotetag6" name="footnotetag6"></a><a href= +"#footnote6"><sup>6</sup></a> and one afterwards before the <span +class="pagenum"><a name="page99" id="page99"></a>[pg 99]</span> Duke +of Lorraine, afterwards Emperor of Germany. The theatrical +appurtenances were not, however, removed till the year 1798. +Adjoining the hall is the Board of Green Cloth Room, of nearly the +same date, and hung with fine tapestry.</p> + +<p>The eastern quadrangle, or Fountain Court, erected by Sir +Christopher Wren for King William, in 1690, is 100 feet by 177 feet +3 inches. Here is the King's Gallery, 117 feet by 23 feet 6 inches, +which was fitted up for the Cartoons of Raphael. On the eastern +side of the court is a room in which George I. and George II. +frequently dined in public. North-west of the Fountain Court stands +the chapel, which forms the southern side of the quadrangle; this +was partly built by Wolsey, and was finished by Henry VIII. in +1536, or 1537. The windows were of beautifully stained glass, and +the walls decorated with paintings, but these embellishments were +demolished in the troublous times of 1745. The chapel was, however, +restored by Queen Anne; the floor is of black and white marble, the +pews are of Norway oak, and there is some fine carving by Gibbons; +the roof is plain Gothic with pendent ornaments.</p> + +<p>It is hardly possible for us, within the limits of our columns +to do justice to the magnificence of Hampton Court. The grand +facade towards the garden extends 330 feet, and that towards the +Thames 328 feet. The portico and colonnade, of duplicated pillars +of the Ionic order, at the grand entrance, and indeed, the general +design of the elevations, are in splendid style. On the south side +of the palace is the privy garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open +a view from the apartments to the Thames. On the northern side is a +tennis court, and beyond that a gate which leads into the +wilderness or <i>Maze</i>.<a id="footnotetag7" name= +"footnotetag7"></a><a href="#footnote7"><sup>7</sup></a> Further on +is the great gate of the gardens.</p> + +<p>The gardens, which comprise about 44 acres, were originally laid +out by London and Wise. George III. gave the celebrated Brown +permission to make whatever improvements his fine taste might +suggest; but he declared his opinion that they appeared to the best +advantage in their original state, and they accordingly remain so +to this day. The extent of the kitchen gardens is about 12 acres. +In the privy garden is a grape house 70 feet in length, and 14 in +breadth; the interior being wholly occupied by one vine of the +black Hamburgh kind, which was planted in the year 1769, and has in +a single year, produced 2,200 bunches of grapes, weighing, on an +average, one pound each.</p> + +<p>The grotesque forms of the gardens, and the mathematical taste +in which they are disposed, are advantageously seen in a bird's-eye +view as in the Engraving, which represents the tortuous beauty of +the parterres, and the pools, fountains, and statues with +characteristic accuracy. The formal avenues, radiating as it were, +from the gardens or centre, are likewise distinctly shown, as is +also the canal formed by Wolsey through the middle avenue. The +intervening space, then a parklike waste, is now planted with +trees, and stretches away to the village of Thames Ditton; and is +bounded on the south by the Thames, and on the north by the high +road to Kingston.</p> + +<p>The palace is open to the public, and besides its splendid +apartments, and numerous buildings, there is a valuable collection +of pictures, which are too celebrated to need enumeration. A +curious change has taken place in the occupancy of some +apartments—many rooms originally intended for domestic +offices being now tenanted by gentry. The whole is a vast +assemblage of art, and reminds us of the palace of Versailles, +which is about the same distance from Paris as Hampton Court from +London.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>GREECE.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Alas! for fair Greece, how her glories are failed,</p> + +<p class="i2">Her altars are broken, her trophies are gone,</p> + +<p>The Crescent her temples and shrines hath invaded,</p> + +<p class="i2">And Freedom hath bow'd to the Mussulman throne.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Fair Liberty say! shall the land of Achilles</p> + +<p class="i2">Reluctantly cherish a dastardly slave,</p> + +<p>Who can crouch at the foot of a despot, whose will is</p> + +<p class="i2">As fickle as wind, and as rude as the wave?</p> + +<p>Shall the ashes of heroes enshrouded in glory,</p> + +<p class="i2">Be spurn'd in contempt by a barbarous horde,</p> + +<p>While their sons idly tremble like boys at a story,</p> + +<p class="i2">And shudder to gaze on the point of a sword?</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Shall Greece, still as lovely as maiden in sorrow,</p> + +<p class="i2">By Freedom's bright ray ne'er be beam'd on again?</p> + +<p>Shall the sun of Engia ne'er rise on the morrow</p> + +<p class="i2">That lightens her thraldom or loosens her chain?</p> + +<p>Oh say, shall the proud eye of scorn fall unheeded,</p> + +<p class="i2">The hand, taunting, point to "the land of the +brave,"</p> + +<p>And say that Achaia's fair daughters e'er needed</p> + +<p class="i2">An arm to protect them—a hero to save.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Rise! courage alone your base station can alter,</p> + +<p class="i2">Let Beauty, let Liberty, spirit you on,</p> + +<p>And while fetters and stripes are their portion who falter,</p> + +<p class="i2">Remember that Freedom's the stake to be won.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>J.O.B.</p> + +<hr /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page100" id="page100"></a>[pg 100]</span> + +<h3>ESCAPE OF CHARLES II.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>In No. 376, of the MIRROR, is a communication from <i>W.W.</i> +respecting the pension granted by Charles II. to the Pendrils, for +aiding him in his escape, after the fatal battle of Worcester. +There was another family who enjoyed a pension from the same +monarch, named Tattersall, one of whom conveyed Charles from +Brighton in his open fishing-boat. A descendant is now living at +that place, but the family, through ignorance and neglect, have +ceased to enjoy the grant.</p> + +<p>The house in which the king rested at Brighton, is now an inn, +in West Street, called the King's Head, and is kept by a Mr. +Eales.</p> + +<p>H. BERGER.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>LINES WRITTEN IN A LADY'S ALBUM.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>The star is set that lighted me</p> + +<p class="i2">Thro' Fancy's wide domain,</p> + +<p>And the fairy paths of poesy,</p> + +<p class="i2">I now may seek in vain.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>'Tis but when Sorrow's clouds appear,</p> + +<p class="i2">In frowning darkness o'er me,</p> + +<p>The light of Song bursts forth to cheer</p> + +<p class="i2">The gloomy path before me.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>As o'er the dusky waves at night,</p> + +<p class="i2">Oft Mariners behold</p> + +<p>That ocean-form, St. Ermo's light,</p> + +<p class="i2">When tempests are foretold.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Two reasons in my mind arise.</p> + +<p class="i2">Why Song is <i>now</i> denied me;—</p> + +<p>No light can venture near thine eyes,</p> + +<p class="i2">Nor Grief—when thou'rt beside me!</p> +</div> +</div> + +E.<br /> +<br /> + + +<hr /> +<h3>MINSTREL BALLAD.</h3> + +<h4>WRITTEN ON A FLYLEAF OF A VOLUME OF ONE OF THE "WAVERLEY +NOVELS."</h4> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Waken, lords and ladies gay,</p> + +<p>On the mountain dawns the day,</p> + +<p>All the jolly chase is here,</p> + +<p>With hawk and horse, and hunting spear;</p> + +<p>Hounds are in their couples yelling,</p> + +<p>Hawks are whistling, horns are knelling,</p> + +<p>Merrily, merrily, mingle they,</p> + +<p>"Waken, lords and ladies gay."</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Waken, lords and ladies gay,</p> + +<p>The mist has left the mountain grey,</p> + +<p>Springlets in the dawn are streaming,</p> + +<p>Diamonds on the brake are gleaming,</p> + +<p>And foresters have busy been,</p> + +<p>To track the buck in thicket green;</p> + +<p>Now we come to chant our lay,</p> + +<p>"Waken, lords and ladies gay."</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Waken, lords and ladies gay,</p> + +<p>To the green wood haste away,</p> + +<p>We can show you where he lies,</p> + +<p>Fleet of foot, and tall of size;</p> + +<p>We can show the marks he made</p> + +<p>When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed;</p> + +<p>You shall see him brought to bay.</p> + +<p>"Waken, lords and ladies gay."</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p>Louder, louder, chant the lay,</p> + +<p>Waken, lords and ladies say,</p> + +<p>Tell them youth, and mirth and glee,</p> + +<p>Run a course as well as we,</p> + +<p>Time, stern huntsman! who can balk,</p> + +<p>Stanch as hound, and fleet as hawk?</p> + +<p>Think of this, without delay,</p> + +<p>Gentle lords and ladies gay.</p> +</div> +</div> + +C.C.<br /> +<br /> + + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE SKETCH-BOOK</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3>PHYSIOGNOMY OF HOUSES.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>Houses undoubtedly present to the eye of fancy, an appearance +analogous to physiognomical expression in men. The remark has been +made by more acute observers than myself.</p> + +<p>Look at that beetle-browed, solemn looking mansion with a +ponderous hat-roof—I mean of slates, garnished with bay +windows—observe its heavy jaws of areas, its hard, close +mouth of a door; its dark, deep sunken eyes of windows peering out +from the heavy brow of dark stone coping that supports the slate +hat in question: what a contrast to the spruce mock gentility of +its neighbour, with a stand-up collar of white steps, a varnished +face, and a light, jaunty, yet stiff air, like a city apprentice in +his best clothes.</p> + +<p>See the cap on the temple of that Chinese Mandarin, poking above +yon clump of firs, with its bell furniture; he seems pondering on +the aphorisms of Confucius, regardless of that booby faced +conservatory, whose bald, rounded pate glitters in the sun. Ah! +what have we here; a spruce masquerader in yellow straw hat, trying +to look rural with as much success as a reed thatched summer house. +Stand in this quiet nook a few hours, and give us the shadow of +your mushroom covering.</p> + +<p>There is a poor, forlorn wretch with his rags fluttering about +him like a beggar—give him a penny—he must be in +distress—look at his shattered face and dilapidated form; +shored up upon <span class="pagenum"><a name="page101" id= +"page101"></a>[pg 101]</span> crutches, tottering on the brink of the +sewers—shores I mean—of eternity; behold his crushed +and crownless hat—his hollow eyes—his rheumy +visage—look at that petition penned on his breast. Poh! 'tis +a surveyor's notice to pull down. But, then, look at that plurality +parson with rotund prominence of portico, and red brick cheeks of +vast extent, and that high, steeple-crowned hat—look at the +smug, mean, insignificant dwarf of a meeting-house, sinking up to +its knees in a narrow lane, and looking as blank as a wall, with a +trap-door of a mouth, and a grating cast of eye. How yonder +bridegroom, just cemented in an alliance that will not last out his +lease of life, "spick and span new," all eyes, and a double row of +buttons ornamenting his latticed waistcoat, looks at his adored +opposite, who holds her Venetian parasol—sun +shade—before her face, glowing like a red brick wall in the +sun. Ah! his regards are attracted by a modest little nymph of the +grove, seated snugly in a sylvan recess, her pretty white cheeks +peeping out beneath the tresses of honeysuckle and woodbine that +veil her beauty. Well, <i>railing</i> is in this case allowable, +for see that brazen front of maiden sixty, guiltless of curls, with +a huge structure of bonnet cocked straight at the top of her head, +like the roof of a market-house, and her broad, square skirts of +faded green, deformed by formal knots of yew and holly. Look with +what a blushless face of triumph she eyes her poor tottering +neighbour opposite, who never appears destined "to suffer a +recovery." Oh, 'tis remorseless! But look down that vista of +charity children in slate coloured Quaker bonnets, stuck one +against the other in drab, like pins in a paper, but not so bright; +are they going to stand there for ever, with their governess at +their head, looking as smug and fubsy as the squat house at the +end? Why 'tis—street!—Look at the pump at the other +end, that might pass for an abridgment of a parish clerk—and +see, there comes stalking across the Green the parish beadle, with +a great white placard in his hat—you might well mistake him +for Alderman ——'s monument in red brick with the marble +tablet on the top of it. Ah! my pretty rustic—why your straw +hat and brown stuff frock, with white bib, and that gay flowered +apron, with the sprig of jessamine stuck at your side—you +look so homely and comely beneath the shade of that tall oak, that +I could fancy you were only the shepherd's cottage at the corner of +the grange. Bless me—here's a modern antique, masquerading in +the country!—why a village belle of queen Bess' days, looking +as new and as fresh as the young 'squire's lodge, fresh out of the +hands of his fancy architect. More mummery! why this gentleman +looks as fine and as foolish in his affectation of rugged points +and quaint angles, as a staring, white-washed, Gothic villa with +the paint not yet dry. Oh! there is certainly no denying that thou +art the primest of Quakers, Mr. Chapel, one that will not +countenance a <i>belle</i>, but lookest right onward in smooth and +demure solidity, with that strip of white path in front of thy +brown gravel waistcoat, and the ample skirts of thy road-coloured +surtout; not so your neighbour Sturdy, him with his chimney like an +ink bottle, upright in his button hole, and his pen-like poplar in +his hand; he is equally uncompromising, but looks with an eye of +stern regard upon that gay sprig of myrtle with his roof of a hat, +jauntily clapped on one side, and a towering charming feather, +streaming like smoke in the breeze. But whither have my vagaries +led me—here I am once more in the dullest of dull country +towns, over which strides the gouty old dean, like a Gothic arch +across a cathedral city; and see how the wealthy innkeeper dangles +his broad medal (sign of his having been in the yeomanry) that +swings to the wind like the banner of his troop—how +contemptuously he eyes that solid looking overseer, the workhouse, +with his right and lefthand men the executioners of the +law—Stocks and Cage—oh! turn away—there is that +villanous cross barred gripe the Jail—enough, enough, +indeed.</p> + +<p>LAVATERIELLO.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3>CURIOUS CEREMONY OF DRIVING DEER THROUGH THE WATER (FORMERLY +PRACTISED) IN LYME PARK, CHESHIRE.</h3> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>Ormerod, in his splendid <i>History of Cheshire</i>, says, "The +park of Lyme, which is very extensive, is celebrated for the fine +flavour of its venison, and contains a herd of wild cattle, the +remains of a breed which has been kept here from time immemorial, +and is supposed indigenous. In the last century a custom was +observed here of driving the deer round the park about Midsummer, +or rather earlier, collecting them in a body before the house, and +then swimming them through a pool of water, <span class= +"pagenum"><a name="page102" id="page102"></a>[pg 102]</span> with which +the exhibition terminated." There is a large print of it by +Vivares, after a painting by T. Smith, representing Lyme Park +during the performance of the annual ceremony, with the great Vale +of Cheshire and Lancashire, as far as the Rivington Hills in the +distance, and in the foreground the great body of the deer passing +through the pool, the last just entering it, and the old stags +emerging on the opposite bank, two of which are contending with +their fore-feet, the horns at that season being too tender to +combat with. This "art of driving the deer" like a herd of ordinary +cattle, is stated on a monument, at Disley, to have been first +perfected by Joseph Watson, who died in 1753, at the age of 104, +"having been park-keeper at Lyme more than sixty-four years." The +custom, however, appears not to have been peculiar to Lyme, as Dr. +Whitaker describes, in his <i>Account of Townley</i>, (the seat of +a collateral line of Legh,) "near the summit of the park, and where +it declines to the south, the remains of a large pool, through +which tradition reports that the deer were driven by their keepers +in the manner still practised in the park at Lyme."<a id= +"footnotetag8" name="footnotetag8"></a><a href= +"#footnote8"><sup>8</sup></a></p> + +<p>Lyme Park is situated near the road from Manchester to London, +through Buxton, adjacent to the picturesque village of Disley.</p> + +<p>Lyme Hall is the seat of the principal of the ancient family of +Leghs. Perkins <i>à Legh</i>, a Norman, who was buried in +Macclesfield Church, rendered considerable services in the battle +of Cressy, for which he was presented with the estate and lordship +of Lyme. The building is, in part, of the date of Elizabeth; and +the other a regular structure, from a design of Leoni.</p> + +<p>P.T.W.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>STANNARY PARLIAMENT.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>In the Forest of Dartmoor, Devonshire, between Tavistock and +Chegford, is a high hill, called Crocken Tor, where the tinners of +this county are obliged by their charter to assemble their +parliaments, or the jurats who are commonly gentlemen within the +jurisdiction, chosen from the four stannary courts of coinage in +this county, of which the lord-warden is judge. The jurats being +met to the number sometimes of two or three hundred, in this +desolate place, are quite exposed to the weather and have no other +place to sit upon but a moor-stone bench, and no refreshments but +what they bring with them; for this reason the steward immediately +adjourns the court to Tavistock, or some other stannary town.</p> + +<p>HALBERT H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>DOWRUCK.</h3> + +<p>In different parts of the North of England it is customary for +the labouring men to come before their masters at the close of +their <i>dowruck</i> (day's work,) and inform him of their labours; +the number of hours their work took them are cut in notches upon an +ash stick, and at the end of the week when the men are paid, the +stick is produced, which immediately shows what each man is +entitled to.</p> + +<p>W.H.H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>FAITOUR LANE,</h3> + +<p>Or as it is now called, Fetter Lane, is a term used by Chaucer, +for an idle fellow. The propriety of its denomination is +indisputable.</p> + +<p>W.H.H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>ROBIN HOOD.</h3> + +<p>At Brough Sowerby, in Westmoreland, is an ale-house bearing the +sign of Robin Hood, with the following lines beneath it:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Good frinds, good frinds, my ale is good.</p> + +<p>It is the sign of Robin Hood,</p> + +<p>If Robin Hood be not at hoame,</p> + +<p>Step in and drink with Littel Johne."</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>W.H.H.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>JACK OF HILTON, THE BRAZEN IMAGE, ALIAS AN AEOLIPILE.</h3> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>Dr. Plot, in his <i>History of Staffordshire</i>, says, "The +following service is due from the Lord of Essington, in +Staffordshire, to the Lord of Hilton, about a mile distant, viz. +that the Lord of the Manor of Essington, shall bring a goose every +New year's day, and drive it round the fire in the hall at Hilton, +at least three times, whilst <i>Jack of Hilton</i> is blowing the +fire. Now Jack of Hilton is a little hollow image of brass, of +about twelve inches high, kneeling upon his left knee, and holding +his right hand upon his head, having a little hole in the place of +the mouth, about the bigness of a great pin's head, and another in +the back about two-thirds of an inch diameter, at which last hole +it is filled with water, it holding about four pints and a quarter, +which when set to a strong fire, evaporates after the same manner +as in an <i>Aeolipile</i>, and vents itself at the smaller hole at +the mouth in a constant blast, blowing the fire so strongly that it +is <span class="pagenum"><a name="page103" id="page103"></a>[pg +103]</span> very audible, and makes a sensible impression on that +part of the fire where the blast lights, as I found by experience, +May 26, 1680. After the Lord of Essington, or his deputy, or +bayliffe, has driven the goose round the fire (at least three +times) whilst this image blows it, he carries it into the kitchen +of Hilton Hall, and delivers it to the cook, who having dressed it, +the Lord of Essington, or his bayliffe, by way of further service, +brings it to the table of the Lord paramount of Hilton and +Essington, and receives a dish of meat from the said Lord of +Hilton's table, for his own mess."</p> + +<p>The Aeolipile, in hydraulics, is an instrument consisting of a +hollow metallic ball, with a slender neck or pipe, arising from it. +This being filled with water, and thus exposed to the fire, +produces a vehement blast of wind.</p> + +<p>This instrument, Des Cartes and others, have made use of, to +account for the natural cause and generation of wind; and hence its +name, Aeolipile, <i>pila Aeoli</i>, Aeolus's ball.</p> + +<p>In Italy it is said that the Aeolipile is commonly made use of +to cure smoky chimneys; for being hung over the fire, the blast +arising from it carries up the loitering smoke along with it. This +instrument was known to the ancients, and is mentioned by +Vitruvius.</p> + +<p>Some late authors have discovered the extraordinary use to which +the frauds of the heathen priesthood applied the Aeolipile, viz. +the working of sham miracles. Besides <i>Jack of Hilton</i>, which +had been an ancient Saxon, image, or idol, Mr. Weber shows, that +<i>Pluster</i>, a celebrated German idol, is also of the Aeolipile +kind, and in virtue thereof, could do noble feats: being filled +with a fluid, and then set on the fire, it would be covered with +sweat, and as the heat increased, would at length burst out into +flames.</p> + +<p>An Aeolipile of great antiquity, made of brass, was some years +since dug up on the site of the Basingstoke Canal, and presented to +the Antiquarian Society of London. Instead of being globular, with +a bent tube, it is in the form of a grotesque human figure, and the +blast proceeds from its mouth.</p> + +<p>P.T.W.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>ORIGIN OF WEARING THE VEIL.</h3> + +<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>The origin of the veil is referred by the Greeks to modesty and +bashfulness.</p> + +<p>About thirty furlongs from the city of Sparta, Icarius placed a +statue of MODESTY, for the purpose of perpetuating the following +incident:—Icarius having married his daughter to Ulysses, +solicited his son-in-law to fix his household in Sparta, and remain +there with his wife, to which Ulysses would not consent.</p> + +<p>Icarius made the request to his daughter, conjuring her not to +abandon him, but seeing her ready to depart with Ulysses, for +Ithaca, he redoubled his efforts to detain her, nor could he be +prevailed on to desist from following the chariot on the way.</p> + +<p>Ulysses wearied with the importunities of Icarius, said to his +wife, "<i>You</i> can best answer this request; it is yours to +determine whether you will remain with your father at Sparta, or +depart with your husband for Ithaca; you are mistress of the +decision."</p> + +<p>The beautiful Penelope finding herself in this dilemma, blushed, +and without making the least reply, drew her veil over her face, +thereby intimating a denial to her father's request, and sunk into +the arms of her husband.</p> + +<p>Icarius, very sensibly affected by this behaviour, and being +desirous of transmitting it to posterity by the most durable +monument, consecrated a statue to Modesty, on the very spot where +Penelope had thrown the veil over her face; that after her it might +be a universal symbol of delicacy among the fair sex.</p> + +<p>C.K.W.</p> + +<hr /> +<p>The manners of the Welsh must have been even less delicate than +those of the Anglo-Saxons; for they thought it necessary to make a +law, "that none of the courtiers should give the queen a blow, or +snatch any thing with violence from her, under the penalty of +incurring her majesty's displeasure."</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>FUNERAL OF A BURMESE PRIEST.</h3> + +<p>The funeral pile, in this case, is a car on wheels; and the body +is blown away, from a huge wooden cannon or mortar, with the +purpose, I believe, of conveying the soul more rapidly to heaven! +Immense crowds are collected on occasions of these funerals, which, +far from being conducted with mourning or solemnity, are occasions +of rude mirth and boisterous rejoicing. Ropes are attached to each +extremity of the car, and pulled in opposite directions by adverse +parties; one of these being for consuming the body, the other for +opposing it. The latter are at length overcome, fire is set to the +pile amidst loud acclamations, and the ceremony is +consummated.—<i>Crawford's Embassy to Ava</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page104" id="page104"></a>[pg 104]</span> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>PLAN FOR A NEW CITY.</h2> + +<div class="figure" style="width:100%;"><a href= +"images/385-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/385-2.png" alt= +"" /></a></div> + +<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)</h4> + +<p>The various ages, interests, and tastes which govern the +progressive growth of cities, seem to be irremediable causes of the +irregularity and inconvenience of their final formations or +plans—and until this illustrious age of magnanimous projects +and improvements, it would have been thought ridiculous to offer +any radical expedient for a general improvement in the plans of +cities; but <i>now</i> that we see <i>new</i> cities growing round +the metropolis, and new towns planned for the distant dominions of +Great Britain, it seems to be a convenient season for explaining my +notions respecting the general plan of a city, with regard <i>only +to the directions of the streets</i>, which after the repeated +consideration of fifty years, I have concluded may, and ought to +be, all straight streets, from <i>every extremity</i>, to the +opposite, whatever be the form of the <i>outermost</i> boundary of +the city or town.—These <i>conclusions</i> would most +probably have passed off in silence, but for an accidental fancy +arising in my mind, on reading lately in the Psalms, "<i>Jerusalem +is a city that is in unity with itself</i>." This text awakened my +dormant ideas on the proper formation of streets, and anticipating +the reunion of the Jews, I began the accompanying sketch for a +"<i>Holy City</i>," or "<i>a New Jerusalem</i>," which accounts for +the twelve gates according with the original number of the tribes +of Israel, and the ten streets which diverge from each gate are +symbolic of the Ten Commandments, wherein they were commanded to +walk; the twelve circular areas I thought to be properly dedicated +to the Twelve Apostles of Christianity, under the idea that when +the Jews are again called together it will be under the new +covenant of Christianity, so that nothing could (in that case) be +more appropriate than placing the original propagators of it where +so many paths led towards them—and after fixing the place of +public worship in the centre, my orthodoxy ceased to affect my +scheme, for want of that technical knowledge which further detail +would require—and having accomplished my favourite +determination of planning a town without winding streets or crooked +lanes. I offer it to the MIRROR as an <span class="pagenum"><a +name="page105" id="page105"></a>[pg 105]</span> amusing novelty for the +entertainment of its numerous readers. I think it would be not +inappropriate to call it the Royal City of <i>Victoria</i>.</p> + +<p>CHARLES MATTER.</p> + +<p>(To the ingenious designer of the annexed sketch, we are +likewise indebted for the Plan for a Maze, in our Vol. vii. page +233. Mr. H. very pertinently observes to us "imagine what would +have been said of this plan for a city, had Belzoni or Buckingham +found exactly such a one in Assyria or Egypt,—of antique +date?")</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>THE SELECTOR;</h2> + +<h3>AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS.</i></h3> + +<hr /> +<h3>NEW EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS.</h3> + +<p>It is rather late in the day to speak of what is technically +termed the "getting-up" of this elegant edition of the most popular +works of our time. There are now three volumes +published—<i>Waverley</i>, in two vols. and one vol. or half +of <i>Guy Mannering</i>. Each of the former contains upwards of 400 +pages, and the latter nearly that number—beautifully printed +in what we call a very inviting type, on excellent paper, of rich +colour, and not too garish for the eye of the reader. The +engravings to <i>Waverley</i> are by Graves, C. Rolls, and Raddon, +after E.P. and J. Stephanoff, Newton, and Landseer—a +frontispiece and plate title page and vignette to each volume. To +our taste the vignettes are exquisite—one by Landseer, +<i>David Gellatley, with Ban and Buscar</i>, is extremely +beautiful. The illustrations to the volume of <i>Guy Mannering</i> +are by Duncan, and C.G. Cooke, after Leslie and Kidd. The volumes +are in substantial canvass binding. Their low price, a crown +a-piece, is the marvel of bookselling, for were they only reprints +without copyright, they would be unprecedentedly cheap. The whole +series will extend to forty volumes, to be published in three +years, and will cost ten pounds. Fifteen-pence a week for the above +term will thus provide a family with one of the most elegant +drawing-room libraries that can be desired. They will about occupy +three <i>cheffonier</i> shelves;—or what delightful volumes +for fire-side shelves, or a "little book-room," or a breakfast +parlour opening on a carpet of lawn—or to read by the hour, +with a golden-haired lady-friend, and chat awhile, and then turn to +the most attractive scenes in the novel, while we ourselves are +perhaps enacting the hero in a romance of real life. Few novels +admit of a second reading; but the <i>Waverley</i> series will +never lose their attraction—and to remember when and where, +and with whom you first read each of them, may perhaps revive many +pleasantries.</p> + +<p>Of the literary Notes and emendations of the present edition, we +have already expressed our opinion by the selection of several of +them for the pages of the MIRROR; and in the progress of the +publication, we shall endeavour to award similar justice to each of +the works.</p> + +<p>In the <i>Athenaeum</i>, of August 5, the presumed profit on the +whole edition is estimated at £100,000.! The calculation of +the sale of 12,000 of each work is a reasonable one, and splendid +as, in that case, the reward will be, the reading-public will be +the gainers.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>THE FAMILY LIBRARY.</h3> + +<h3><i>History of the Jews.</i></h3> + +<p>We scarcely know how to do justice to the high character of the +series of volumes now publishing under this denomination. In +printing and embellishment they take the lead of the Periodical +Works of our day, (and some of these are extremely beautiful,) +while their literary worth is even of superior order. Although they +are matter-of-fact works—as in history and +biography—they are not mere compilations of dry details and +uninteresting lives; but they are so interspersed with new views, +and the facts are so often re-written, that the whole have the +appearance of original works. Excellent principles, and economy of +cost are, likewise, two important points of their recommendations; +for many works which have already appeared on the same subjects, +have been deformed by party spirit, and written to serve a sect, or +are so expensive as to be purchaseable only by the wealthy ranks, +and scarcely accessible by the middle classes of society; whereas +the Family Library is published at a rate within the reach of +two-thirds of the reading public, who may therefore possess what +they read, and appreciate the value of these volumes as works of +reference and authority.</p> + +<p>The division of the series which has called forth this notice, +is No. 5, or the first volume of the <i>History of the Jews</i>, to +be completed in three volumes, by the Rev. H.H. Milman, Professor +of Poetry at Oxford, and the author of the splendid poem—The +Fall of Jerusalem; and judging by the portion before us, this work +will form one of the most attractive in the whole series. In proof +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page106" id="page106"></a>[pg +106]</span> of this it would be easy to select many passages which +are beautifully picturesque; a few, however, will suffice:</p> + +<p>"The Jews, without reference to their religious belief, are +among the most remarkable people in the annals of mankind. Sprung +from one stock, they pass the infancy of their nation in a state of +servitude in a foreign country, where, nevertheless, they increase +so rapidly, as to appear on a sudden the fierce and irresistible +conquerors of their native valleys in Palestine. There they settle +down under a form of government and code of laws totally unlike +those of any other rude or civilized community. They sustain a long +and doubtful conflict, sometimes enslaved, sometimes victorious, +with the neighbouring tribes. At length, united under one monarchy, +they gradually rise to the rank of a powerful, opulent, and +commercial people. Subsequently weakened by internal discord, they +are overwhelmed by the vast monarchies which arose on the banks of +the Euphrates, and transplanted into a foreign region. They are +partially restored, by the generosity or policy of the Eastern +sovereigns, to their native land. They are engaged in wars of the +most romantic gallantry, in assertion of their independence, +against the Syro-Grecian successors of Alexander. Under Herod, they +rise to a second era of splendour, as a dependent kingdom of Rome: +finally, they make the last desperate resistance to the universal +dominion of the Caesars. Scattered from that period over the face +of the earth—hated, scorned, and oppressed, they subsist, a +numerous and often a thriving people; and in all the changes of +manners and opinions retain their ancient institutions, their +national character, and their indelible hope of restoration to +grandeur and happiness in their native land. Thus the history of +this, perhaps the only unmingled race, which can boast of high +antiquity, leads us through every gradation of society and brings +us into contact with almost every nation which commands our +interest in the ancient world; the migratory pastoral population of +Asia; Egypt, the mysterious parent of arts, science, and +legislation; the Arabian Desert; the Hebrew theocracy under the +form of a federative agricultural republic, their kingdom powerful +in war and splendid in peace; Babylon, in its magnificence and +downfall; Grecian arts and luxury endeavouring to force an +unnatural refinement within the pale of the rigid Mosaic +institutions; Roman arms waging an exterminating war with the +independence even of the smallest states; it descends, at length, +to all the changes in the social state of the modern European and +Asiatic nations."</p> + +<p>At page 32, there is an interesting picture of the state of +society in Patriarchal times—the whole of the life of Moses +is extremely well written—the description of the Plague is +indeed terrific—and the death and character of the Prophet +drawn with a masterly and vigorous hand. The reigns of David and +Solomon, as might be expected, are magnificently told. Among the +picturesque sketches none exceed the—</p> + +<h3>DESCRIPTION OF PALESTINE.</h3> + +<p>"It is almost impossible to calculate with accuracy the area of +a country, the frontier of which is irregular on every side. Lowman +has given three different estimates of the extent of territory +occupied by the twelve tribes, the mean between the two extremes +approaches probably the nearest to the truth. According to this +computation, the Jewish dominion, at the time of the Division, was +180 miles long, by 130 wide, and contained 14,976,000 acres. This +quantity of land will divide to 600,000 men, about 21-1/2 acres in +property, with a remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the Levitical +cities, the princes of tribes, the heads of families, and other +public uses. Assuming this estate of 21-1/2 acres, assigned to each +household, of course a larger proportion of pasture must have been +given to those tribes who subsisted on their herds and flocks, than +of arable to those who lived by tillage, the portions of the +latter, therefore, must be considerably reduced. On the other hand, +the extraordinary fertility of the whole country must be taken into +the account. No part was waste; very little was occupied by +unprofitable wood; the more fertile hills were cultivated in +artificial terraces, others were hung with orchards of fruit trees; +the more rocky and barren districts were covered with vineyards. +Even in the present day, the wars and misgovernment of ages have +not exhausted the natural richness of the soil. Galilee, says Malte +Brun, would be a paradise were it inhabited by an industrious +people, under an enlightened government. No land could be less +dependent on foreign importation; it bore within itself every thing +that could be necessary for the subsistence and comfort of a simple +agricultural people. The climate was healthy, the seasons regular; +the former rains, which fell about October, after the vintage, +prepared the ground <span class="pagenum"><a name="page107" id= +"page107"></a>[pg 107]</span> for the seed; the latter, which +prevailed during March and the beginning of April, made it grow +rapidly. Directly the rains ceased, the grain ripened with still +greater rapidity, and was gathered in before the end of May. The +summer months were dry and very hot, but the nights cool and +refreshed by copious dews. In September, the vintage was gathered. +Grain of all kinds, wheat, barley, millet, zea, and other sorts, +grew in abundance; the wheat commonly yielded thirty for one. +Besides the vine and the olive, the almond, the date, figs of many +kinds, the orange, the pomegranates, and many other fruit-trees, +flourished in the greatest luxuriance. Great quantity of honey was +collected. The balm tree, which produced the opobalsamum, a great +object of trade, was probably introduced from Arabia in the time of +Solomon. It nourished about Jericho and in Gilead."</p> + +<p>This is but a portion of the sketch. The wealth and commerce of +the country is thus told:</p> + +<p>"The only public revenue of the Hebrew commonwealth was that of +the sacred treasury, the only public expenditure that of the +religious worship. This was supported by a portion of the spoils +taken in war; the first fruits, which in their institution were no +more than could be carried in a basket, at a later period were +rated to be one part in sixty; the redemption of the first born, +and of whatever was vowed to the Lord. Almost every thing of the +last class might be commuted for money according to a fixed scale. +The different annual festivals were well calculated to promote +internal commerce: maritime or foreign trade, is scarcely mentioned +in the law, excepting in two obscure prophetic intimations of +advantages, which the tribes of Dan and Zebulun were to derive from +their maritime situation. On this subject the lawgiver could have +learned nothing in Egypt. The commerce of that country was confined +to the inland caravan trade. The Egyptians hated or dreaded the +sea, which they considered either the dwelling of the evil +principle, or the evil principle itself. At all events, the Hebrews +at this period were either blind to the maritime advantages of +their situation, or unable to profit by them. The ports were the +last places they conquered. Sidon, if indeed within their boundary, +never lost its independence; Tyre, if it existed, was a town too +obscure to be named; Ecdippa and Acco remained in the power of the +Canaanites; Joppa is not mentioned as a port till much later. The +manufactures of the people supplied their own wants; they brought +from Egypt the arts of weaving woollens and linens, stuffs made of +fine goats' hair, and probably cotton; of dying in various colours, +and bleaching, and of embroidering; of many kinds of carpenter's +work; of building, some of the rules of which were regulated by +law; of making earthenware vessels; of working in iron, brass, and +the precious metals, both casting them and forming them with the +tool; of gilding, engraving seals, and various other kinds of +ornamental work, which were employed in the construction of the +altars and sacred vessels of the Tabernacle."</p> + +<p>Among the illustrative passages we notice the following +exquisite paragraph on the—</p> + +<h3>HEBREW POETS.</h3> + +<p>"THE three most eminent men in the Hebrew annals, Moses, David, +and Solomon, were three of their most distinguished poets. The +hymns of David excel no less in sublimity and tenderness of +expression than in loftiness and purity of religious sentiment. In +comparison with them the sacred poetry of all other nations sinks +into mediocrity. They have embodied so exquisitely the universal +language of religious emotion, that (a few fierce and vindictive +passages excepted, natural in the warrior-poet of a sterner age,) +they have entered with unquestioned propriety into the ritual of +the holier and more perfect religion of Christ. The songs which +cheered the solitude of the desert caves of Engedi, or resounded +from the voice of the Hebrew people as they wound along the glens +or the hill-sides of Judaea, have been repeated for ages in almost +every part of the habitable world, in the remotest islands of the +ocean, among the forests of America or the sands of Africa. How +many human hearts have they softened, purified, exalted!—of +how many wretched beings have they been the secret +consolation!—on how many communities have they drawn down the +blessings of Divine Providence, by bringing the affections into +unison with their deep, devotional fervour."</p> + +<p>The present volume extends from the time of Abraham to the +Babylonian Captivity. It is illustrated with three excellent maps, +and a few wood cuts; but we are convinced that we need add nothing +further of its contents to recommend the <i>History of the Jews</i> +to the attention <span class="pagenum"><a name="page108" id= +"page108"></a>[pg 108]</span> of our readers; for it is one of the +most splendid and fascinating works in our recollection.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING KNOWLEDGE.</h3> + +<p>The Fourth Part of this well-arranged publication, is "<i>The +Pursuit of Knowledge under difficulties illustrated by +Anecdotes</i>." The matter is judiciously divided into chapters, as +"Strength of the Passion for Knowledge—Humble Station no +Obstacle—Obscure Origin—Artists rising from the lower +to the higher classes—Late Learners—Early Age of Great +Men—Self-educated Men—Literary Pursuits of +Soldiers—Merchants, Booksellers, and Printers." All these +heads are illustrated by anecdotes—some of them well known, +others drawn from uncommon sources—and all replete with +useful information, and furnishing an exhaustless store of +entertainment. Such a volume is, indeed, <i>a book for the +people</i>, and will do more towards the spread of knowledge, and +the excitement of those engaged in its pursuit, than scores of +fine-spun theories cramped up with technicalities. For young people +we consider this book a real treasure; since the examples selected +are not those of men who became intoxicated with their success, or +gave up useful occupation for mere elegant literature or +experimental knowledge; but the instances are chiefly of such as +have turned their genius to good account, or for the benefit of +themselves and their fellow men. We call such men the +<i>honourables of the land</i>, whose examples should be written in +letters of gold, and on monuments of marble, as helps to social +duties and for the imitation of after times.</p> + +<p>We have marked for our next number a few extracts which will be +interesting to our readers to explain the mode by which the heads +of a chapter are illustrated. The biographettes of John Hunter, +Simpson, J. Stone, and Fergusson, and the introductory +illustrations of Newton, are the most striking portions of the +volume; and they maybe read and re-read with increasing advantage. +Of Hunter and Fergusson there are good portraits.</p> + +<hr /> +<h2>Spirit of Discovery.</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3><i>Block Machinery.</i></h3> + +<p>Mr. Faraday has lately described at the Royal Institution, +Brunel's Block Machinery at Portsmouth, with a set of magnificent +models of this admirable invention, which were lent to the Society +by the Navy Board. They consist of eight separate machines, which +work in succession, so as to begin and finish off a two-sheaved +block four inches in length. These were put by Messrs. Maudsley and +Field's men (who made them) into such communication and action, as +to perform the set of operations in the most perfect manner.</p> + +<p>Mr. F. briefly stated that the Block Machinery of Portsmouth, by +adjustments, could manufacture blocks of 100 different +sizes—could with thirty men make 100 per hour; and from the +time of its completion in 1804-5 to the present day, had required +no repairs from Maudsley, the original manufacturer. The total cost +was given at 46,000 <i>l</i>., and the saving per annum in time of +war 25,000 <i>l</i>. This is a paragon of art which we could see +again and again.</p> + +<h3><i>Enameled Street Names.</i></h3> + +<p>The names of the Streets in Paris have been recently put up on +enameled plates; the ground being blue, and the letters white. The +substance on which the enameling is performed is lava in slabs; the +same substance has since been used as the basis of certain enameled +designs; it is much superior in some points to porcelain in this +application, because the necessary exposure to fire does not cause +it to crack in the manner that porcelain does.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Preservation of Wine Must.</i></h3> + +<p>Charcoal was added to grape must, in the proportion of 100 +grains to a litre (2.1 pints), or if very much inclined to ferment, +more charcoal was used. When the liquid had settled, and become +clear and colourless, it was removed from the charcoal, and put +into bottles or casks, to be closed up, and preserved. It will not +enter into fermentation, even in close vessels; for the charcoal +has absorbed the ferment. Nevertheless, the ferment has not lost +its powers by combination with the carbon; for, if left in the +must, the latter begins to ferment, but only where in contact with +the former.—<i>From the French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Weevils in Granaries.</i></h3> + +<p>Wash the floor and sides of the granary with a mixture of urine +and water before the corn is stored up; this washing is to be +repeated several times, the walls and floors of the granary being +well swept between each operation.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page109" id="page109"></a>[pg +109]</span></p> + +<h3><i>French Eggs and Apples.</i></h3> + +<p>In the year 1827 there were 63,109,618 hen's eggs, and 14,182 +bushels of apples imported from France into England.</p> + +<h3><i>Enlargement of Artichokes.</i></h3> + +<p>The gardeners in the south of France increase the size of +artichokes by splitting the stem into four at the base of the +receptacle, and introducing two small sticks in the form of a +cross. This operation should not be made until the stem has +attained the height it ought to have.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Preservation of Potatoes.</i></h3> + +<p>Potatoes at the depth of one foot in the ground, produce shoots +near the end of spring; at the depth of two feet they appear in the +middle of summer; at three feet they are very short, and never come +to the surface; and between three and five feet they cease to +vegetate. In consequence of observing these effects several parcels +of potatoes were buried in a garden at the depth of three and a +half feet, and were not removed. until after an interval of one or +two years. They were then found without, any shoots, and possessing +their original freshness, firmness, goodness, and taste. <i>From +the French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Leeches.</i></h3> + +<p>It is well known that atmospheric changes have a remarkable +influence upon leeches. In 1825, M. Derheim, of St. Omer, ascribes +the almost sudden death of them at the approach of, or during +storms, to the coagulation of the blood of these creatures, caused +by the impression of the atmospheric electricity.—<i>From the +French</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Carpenter's Microscope.</i></h3> + +<p>Mr. Carpenter's achromatic solar microscope has now a white +circular area of nine feet in diameter, to receive the images of +the objects upon, some of which are magnified to the enormous size +of upwards of eight feet in length!</p> + +<p>Mr. Carpenter's lucernal microscopes are now arranged in a kind +of temple, placed in the middle of a room, and illuminated by the +light of one powerful Argand lamp, so as to be independent of all +natural light; thus, in all seasons, even in cloudy weather, the +objects are as brilliantly displayed as they could be last year +when the sun shone.—<i>Gill's Repository</i>.</p> + +<h3><i>Beet Root Sugar.</i></h3> + +<p>There are now in France upwards of one hundred manufactories of +beet root sugar, from which were produced last year upwards of +5,000 tons of sugar, worth 60 <i>l.</i> per ton, or 300,000 +<i>l</i>.; the profit of which is estimated at 15 <i>l.</i> an +acre; but, says one of the manufacturers, the process may be so far +improved, that sugar will be made in France from the beet root at +30 <i>l.</i> per ton, which will increase the profit to 24 +<i>l.</i> an acre. A writer in the <i>Quarterly Journal of +Agriculture</i> observes that "it is difficult to conceive that one +half of the sugar consumed in Great Britain, or in all Europe, will +not, in a few years, be home-made beet root sugar."</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS</h2> + +<hr /> +<h3>LORD BYRON AND SIR WALTER SCOTT AT WATERLOO.</h3> + +<h4><i>By a Sexagenarian.</i></h4> + +<p>In his transit to Italy in August, 1816, Lord Byron visited +Brussels (where I was residing) accompanied by Dr. Polidori. The +moment I heard of his arrival, I waited on him, and was received +with the greatest cordiality and kindness.</p> + +<p>As he proposed visiting Waterloo on the following morning, I +offered my services as his cicerone, which were graciously +accepted, and we set out at an early hour, accompanied by his +<i>compagnon de voyage</i>. The weather was propitious, but the +poet's spirits seemed depressed, and we passed through the gloomy +forest of Soignies without much conversation. As the plan of the +inspection of the field had been left to me, I ordered our +postilion to drive to Mont St. Jean, without stopping at Waterloo. +We got out at the monuments. Lord Byron gazed about for five +minutes without uttering a syllable; at last, turning to me, he +said—"I am not disappointed. I have seen the plains of +Marathon, and these are as fine. Can you tell me," he continued, +"where Picton fell? because I have heard that my friend Howard was +killed at his side, and nearly at the same moment."</p> + +<p>The spot was well known, and I pointed with my finger to some +trees near it, at the distance of one hundred and fifty yards: we +walked to the spot. "Howard," said his lordship, with a sigh, "was +my relation and dear friend; but we quarrelled, and I was in the +wrong; we were, however, reconciled, at which I now rejoice." He +spoke these words with great feeling, and we returned to examine +the monument of Sir Alexander Gordon, a broken column, on which he +made some criticisms, bestowing <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page110" id="page110"></a>[pg 110]</span> great praise on the +fraternal affection of his brother, who had erected it. He did not +seem much interested about the positions of the troops, which I +pointed out to him; and we got into our carriage, and drove to the +Château Goumont, the poet remaining silent, pensive, and in a +musing mood, which I took care not to interrupt.</p> + +<p>The gallant defence of this post seemed to interest him more, +and I recapitulated all the particulars I knew of the attack. From +the bravery displayed by the handful of troops (the Guards) who +defended it, it has acquired its reputation. Though they were +reinforced more than once, the number never exceeded twelve +hundred; and notwithstanding the enemy having, by battering down +the gate of the farmyard, and setting fire to the straw in it, got +possession of the outer works, in the evening attack, they could +make no impression on the strong hold, the garden—</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"Whose close pleach'd walks and bowers have been</p> + +<p>The deadly marksman's lurking screen."</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>They reaped no advantage by these assaults; on the contrary, +they sacrificed a great many brave men without any purpose. It was +a most important post; for had they succeeded in getting possession +of it, and driving out our troops, their guns would have enfiladed +us, and we should have been obliged to change our front. The +pompous title of <i>château</i> gives a little additional +importance to this position, though it is only a miserable dwelling +of two stories, somewhat resembling the habitations of our +<i>Bonnet Lairds</i> about the beginning of the last century. The +area of the house is about two Scotch acres, including the garden. +The clipped and shady walks have been long since cut down, which +takes away much interest from it; and the stupid Fleming to whom it +belonged, cut down the young trees in front of it, because they had +been wounded by the bullets, which he was informed "would cause +them to bleed to death!" The nobleman who now possesses it, had, +with better taste, repaired the château, and will not permit +any alteration in its appearance.</p> + +<p>I asked Byron what he thought of Mr. Scott's "Field of +Waterloo," just published—if it was fair to ask one poet his +opinion of a living contemporary. "Oh," said he, "quite fair; +besides, there is not much subject for criticism in this hasty +sketch. The reviewers call it a <i>falling off</i>; but I am sure +there is no poet living who could have written so many good lines +on so meagre a subject, in so short a time. Scott," he added, "is a +fine poet, and a most amiable man. We are great friends. As a prose +writer, he has no rival; and has not been approached since +Cervantes, in depicting manners. His tales are my constant +companions. It is highly absurd his denying, what every one that +knows him believes, his being the author of these admirable works. +Yet no man is obliged to give his name to the public, except he +chooses so to do; and Scott is not likely to be compelled by the +law, for he does not write libels, nor a line of which he may be +ashamed." He said a great deal more in praise of his friend, for +whom he had the highest respect and regard. "I wish," added the +poet, with feeling, "it had been my good fortune to have had such a +Mentor. No author," he observed, "had deserved more from the +public, or has been so liberally rewarded. Poor Milton got only +15<i>l.</i> for his 'Paradise Lost,' while a modern poet has as +much for a stanza." I know not if he made any allusion to himself +in this remark, but it has been said that Murray paid him that sum +for every verse of "Childe Harold."</p> + +<p>Lord Byron, in reading aloud the stanzas of Mr. Scott,</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p>"For high, and deathless is the name,</p> + +<p>Oh Hougoinont, thy ruins claim!</p> + +<p>The sound of Cressy none shall own,</p> + +<p>And Agincourt shall be unknown,</p> + +<p>And Blenheim be a nameless spot</p> + +<p>Long ere thy glories are forgot," &c.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p>he exclaimed, striking the page with his hand, "I'll be +d——d if they will, Mr. Scott, be forgot!"</p> + +<p>SIR WALTER SCOTT.</p> + +<p>Sir Walter Scott visited Brussels about the middle of August, +1816, when I had the good fortune to meet him at the house of Sir +Frederick Adam, who was prevented by a wound from joining his +brigade, though he was able to do the duties of the small garrison +there.</p> + +<p>Mr. Scott accepted my services to conduct him to Waterloo. The +general's aid-de-camp was also of the party, Mr. Scott being +accompanied by two friends, his fellow travellers. He made no +secret of his having undertaken to write something on the battle; +and he took the greater interest on this account in every thing +that he saw. Besides, he had never seen a field of such a conflict; +and never having been before on the Continent, it was all new to +his comprehensive mind. The day was beautiful; and I had the +precaution to send out a couple of saddle-horses, that he might not +be fatigued in walking over <span class="pagenum"><a name="page111" +id="page111"></a>[pg 111]</span> the fields which had been recently +ploughed up. The animal he rode was so quiet that he was much +gratified, and had an opportunity of examining every spot of the +positions of both armies; and seemed greatly delighted, especially +with the Farm of Goumont, where he loitered a couple of hours. In +our rounds we fell in with Monsieur Da Costar, with whom he got +into conversation, though I had told him he was an impostor. But he +had attracted so much notice by his pretended story of being about +the person of Napoleon, that he was of too much importance to be +passed by: I did not, indeed, know as much of this fellow's +Charlatanism at that time as afterwards, when I saw him confronted +with a blacksmith of La Belle Alliance, who had been his companion +in a hiding-place, ten miles from the field, during the whole day; +a fact which he could not deny. But he had got up a tale so +plausible, and so profitable, that he could afford to bestow +hush-money on the companion of his flight, so that the imposition +was but little known, and strangers continued to be gulled. He had +picked up a good deal of information about the positions and +details of the battle, and being naturally a sagacious Wallon, and +speaking French pretty fluently, he became the favourite +<i>cicerone</i>, and every lie he told was taken for gospel. Year +after year, until his death, in 1824, he continued his popularity, +and raised the price of his rounds from a couple of francs to five; +besides as much for the hire of a horse, his own property; for he +pretended that the fatigue of walking so many hours was beyond his +powers. It has been said, that in this way he realized every summer +a couple of hundred Napoleons. It is surprising how any one could +believe the story he told; for supposing that he had been seized +upon by Napoleon, what use could such a vagabond be as a guide? +What was he to show? The British army was staring the Emperor in +the face at a mile distant. This <i>soi-disant</i> hero could only +be an incumbrance during the conflict, if his courage could have +been screwed up to remain at Napoleon's side, as he pretended he +had done, and that when he became panicstruck on the approach of +the Prussians, he was rewarded for his services with a twenty-franc +coin. He even pointed out the actual spot where he stood with the +Emperor on the <i>chaussée</i>—heard him exclaim +"Sauve qui peut!" and saw him mount his horse, and +brush!—<i>facts</i>, which are become historical!</p> + +<p>When Sir Walter had examined every point of defence and attack +we adjourned to the "Original Duke of Wellington," at Waterloo, to +dinner, after the fatigues of the ride. Here he had a crowded +levée of peasants, and collected a great many trophies, from +cuirasses down to buttons and bullets. He picked up himself many +little relics, and was fortunate in purchasing a grand cross of the +legion of honour. But the most precious relic was presented to him +by my wife—a French soldier's book, well stained with blood, +and containing some poetical effusions, called "Troubadours," which +he found so interesting that he translated them into English, and +they were introduced into his "Paul's Letters;" on the publication +of which he did her the honour of sending her a copy, with a most +flattering letter, to say, "that he considered her gift as the most +valuable of all his Waterloo relics."</p> + +<p>On our return from the field, he kindly passed the evening with +us, and a few friends whom we invited to meet him. He charmed us +with his delightful conversation, and was in great spirits from the +agreeable day he had passed; and with great good humour promised to +write a stanza in the lady's Album. The following morning he called +to achieve this; and I put him into my little library, the door of +which I locked to prevent interruption, as a great many of my +friends had paraded in the <i>Parc</i> opposite my window to get a +peep of the celebrated man, many having dogged him from his +hotel.</p> + +<p>Brussels affords but little worthy of the notice of such a +traveller as the author of "Waverley;" but he greatly admired the +splendid tower of the Maison de Ville, and the ancient sculpture +and style of architecture of the buildings which surround the Grand +Place.</p> + +<p>He told us, with great humour, a laughable incident which had +occurred to him at Antwerp. The morning after his arrival at that +city from Holland, he started at an early hour to visit the tomb of +Rubens in the Church of St. Jacques, before his party were up. +Having provided himself with a map of the city, he had no other +guide; but after wandering about for an hour, without finding the +object he had in view, he determined to make inquiry, and observing +a person stalking about like himself, he addressed him, in his best +French; but the stranger pulling off his hat, very respectfully +replied, in the pure Highland accent, "I'm vary sorry, Sir, but I +canna speak ony thing besides <span class="pagenum"><a name= +"page112" id="page112"></a>[pg 112]</span> English."—"This is +very unlucky indeed, Donald," said Mr. Scott, "but we must help one +another; for, to tell you the truth, I'm not good at any other +tongue but the English, or rather, the Scotch."—"Oh, Sir, +maybe," replied the Highlander, "you are a countryman, and ken my +maister, Captain Cameron, of the 79th, and could tell me where he +lodges. I'm just cum in, Sir, frae a place they ca' <i>Machlin</i>, +and ha forgotten the name of the captain's quarters; it was +something like the <i>Laaborer</i>."—"I can, I think, help +you with this, my friend," rejoined Mr. Scott. "There is an inn +just opposite to you, (pointing to the <i>Hotel de Grand +Laboreur</i>,) I dare say that will be the captain's quarters;" and +so it was. I cannot do justice to the humour in which Mr. Scott +recounted this dialogue.</p> + +<p><i>New Monthly Magazine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h2>The Gatherer.</h2> + +<h4>A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. SHAKSPEARE.</h4> + +<br /> +<br /> + + +<hr /> +<h3>SUPERSTITION.</h3> + +<p>Catherine de Medicis, in order to be assured of the assistance +of heaven in a certain project, vowed to send a pilgrim to +Jerusalem, who should walk three feet forwards and one backwards +all the way. A countryman of Picardy undertook the fulfilment of +this vow, and having employed a whole year in the task, was +rewarded with a title and a large sum of money.</p> + +<hr /> +<p>The Romans deposed their Dictator, Minutius, and the general of +their cavalry, Caius Flaminius, on the same day they had been +elected, because one of the citizens of Rome had heard a mouse +squeak.</p> + +<p>A.V.M.</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>NAPKINS.</h3> + +<p>When Diego de Torres, the Spanish ambassador, in 1547, first +dined with the Emperor of Morocco at his court, he was amused by +the customs of the table; neither knives, forks, nor spoons, were +provided; but each person helped himself with his fingers, and +cleaned his hands with his tongue, excepting the emperor, who wiped +the hand he took his meat up with on the head of a black boy, ten +years old, who stood by his side. The ambassador smiled, and the +emperor observing it, asked what Christian kings wiped their hands +with at meals, and what such things were worth? "Fine napkins," +replied the ambassador, "a clean one at every meal, worth a crown a +piece or more." "Don't you think this napkin much better," said the +emperor, wiping his hand again on the black boy's head, "which is +worth seventy or eighty crowns."</p> + +<hr /> +<h3>JUSTICE.</h3> + +<p>"What is your fare, coachee," said a stout gentleman alighting +from a hackney-coach.</p> + +<p><i>Coachee</i>.—"One shilling, sir."</p> + +<p><i>Gent</i>.—"One shilling! What an imposition for such a +short distance."</p> + +<p><i>Coachee</i>.—"I'll take my oath that is my fare."</p> + +<p><i>Gent</i>.—"Will you? very well, I am a magistrate, +proceed—(<i>Coachee is sworn</i>)—That will do, the +shilling I shall keep for the affidavit."</p> + +<hr /> +<p>Philip III. King of Spain, wept at an <i>Auto da Fé</i>, +because he saw so many fellow creatures inhumanly tormented. This +was thought by the Grand Inquisitor to be a great sin, and he +terrified the king so much with his remonstrances, that Philip +suffered himself to be bled, and the blood to be given to the +common executioner, to be burnt at the next <i>Auto da +Fé</i>, by way of penance.</p> + +<hr /> +<p><i>Cobweb</i> comes from the Dutch word <i>Kopwebbe</i>; and +<i>Kop</i> in that language signifies a spider.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<p>(S.I.B.'s interesting paper on the Birth of Edward VI. and Death +of Queen Jane Seymour, did not reach us till our description of +Hampton Court was ready for press: our Correspondent's contribution +shall appear next week.)</p> + +<hr class="full" /> +<h4>LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY +PUBLISHED:</h4> + +<pre> + <i>s.</i> <i>d.</i> +Mackenzie's Man of Feeling . . . . 0 6 +Paul and Virginia . . . . . . . 0 6 +The Castle of Otranto. . . . . . 0 6 +Almoran and Hamet . . . . . . . 0 6 +Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia . 0 6 +The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne . 0 6 +Rasselas . . . . . . . . . . 0 8 +The Old English Baron. . . . . . 0 8 +Nature and Art . . . . . . . . 0 8 +Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield. . . 0 10 +Sicilian Romance . . . . . . . 1 0 +The Man of the World . . . . . . 1 0 +A Simple Story . . . . . . . . 1 4 +Joseph Andrews . . . . . . . . 1 6 +Humphry Clinker. . . . . . . . 1 8 +The Romance of the Forest . . . . 1 8 +The Italian . . . . . . . . . 2 0 +Zeluco, by Dr. Moore . . . . . . 2 6 +Edward, by Dr. Moore . . . . . . 2 6 +Roderick Random . . . . . . . 2 6 +The Mysteries of Udolpho. . . . . 3 6 +Peregrine Pickle . . . . . . . 4 6 +</pre> + +<hr class="full" /> +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name= +"footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + +<p>An obsolete French term of salutation, abridged from <i>Bon prou +vous</i>, i.e. much good may it do you.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name= +"footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + +<p>Stow's Annals.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name= +"footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + +<p>Fuller's Church History.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name= +"footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + +<p>Rymer's Foedera.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote5" name= +"footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + +<p>Clarendon's History of the Rebellion.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote6" name= +"footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + +<p>Cibber tells us that the expenses of each play were £50. +and the players were allowed the same sum. The King likewise gave +the managers £200. more, for all the performances. For the +last play, the actors received £100. One of the plays acted +here was Shakspeare's Henry VIII—thus making the palace the +scene of Wolseys downfall, as it had been of his splendour.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote7" name= +"footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + +<p>For an Engraving of the <i>Maze</i>, see MIRROR, vol. vi. page +105.</p> +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote8" name= +"footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b> <a href= +"#footnotetag8">(return)</a> + +<p>History of Whalley.</p> +</blockquote> + + + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 385 *** + +***** This file should be named 11455-h.htm or 11455-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/4/5/11455/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Nicolas Hayes and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: + https://www.gutenberg.org/GUTINDEX.ALL + + + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/old/11455-h/images/385-1.png b/old/11455-h/images/385-1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ba8b4b --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11455-h/images/385-1.png diff --git a/old/11455-h/images/385-2.png b/old/11455-h/images/385-2.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c27a76e --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11455-h/images/385-2.png diff --git a/old/11455.txt b/old/11455.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0112064 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/11455.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1945 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and +Instruction, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction + Volume 14, No. 385, Saturday, August 15, 1829. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: March 5, 2004 [EBook #11455] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 385 *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Nicolas Hayes and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + + + + +THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION. + +VOL. XIV, NO. 385.] SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1829. [PRICE 2d. + + + + +HAMPTON COURT. + + +[Illustration: Hampton Court] + + +Here is a bird's-eye view of a royal palace and domain "cut out in +little stars." It is copied from one of Kipp's Views in Great Britain +in the time of Queen Anne, and affords a correct idea of Hampton Court +in all its olden splendour. + +The palace is situated on the north bank of the Thames, two miles west +from Kingston. It was magnificently built by Cardinal Wolsey. After he +became possessed of the lease of the manor of Hampton, "he bestowed," +says Stow, "great cost of building upon it, converting the +mansion-house into so stately a palace, that it is said to have +excited much envy; to avoid which, in the year 1526, he gave it to the +king, who in recompense thereof licensed him to lie in his manor of +Richmond at his pleasure; and so he lay there at certain times;" but +it appears that Wolsey after this occasionally inhabited the palace +(perhaps as keeper;) for in 1527, when some French ambassadors were +in England, the king sent them to be entertained by the Cardinal at +Hampton Court. The preparations for this purpose are detailed in a +MS. copy of Cavendish's _Life of Wolsey_, in the British Museum, and +afford the reader some idea of the magnificent taste of the prelate in +matters of state and show. The Cardinal was commanded to receive the +ambassadors with surpassing splendour; then "my Lord Cardinal sent +me (Mr. Cavendish) being his gentleman usher, with two other of my +fellows thither, to foresee all things touching our rooms to be nobly +garnished"--"accordingly our pains were not small nor light, but daily +travelling up and down from chamber to chamber; then wrought the +carpenters, joiners, masons, and all other artificers necessary to be +had to glorify this noble feast." He tells us of "expert cookes, and +connyng persons in the art of cookerie; the cookes wrought both day +and night with suttleties and many crafty devices, where lacked +neither gold, silver, nor other costly things meet for their +purpose"--"280 beds furnished with all manner of furniture to +them, too long particularly to be rehearsed, but all wise men do +sufficiently know what belongeth to the furniture thereof, and that is +sufficient at this time to be said." Wolsey's arrival during the feast +is described quaintly enough: "Before the second course my lord came +in booted and spurred, all sodainely amongst them _proface_;[1] at +whose coming there was great joy, with rising every man from his +place, whom my lord caused to sit still, and keep their roomes, and +being in his apparel as he rode, called for a chayre and sat down in +the middest of the high paradise, laughing and being as merry as ever +I saw him in all my lyff." The whole party drank long and strong, some +of the Frenchmen were led off to bed, and in the chambers of all was +placed abundance of "wine and beere." + +Henry VIII. added considerably to Wolsey's building, and in the latter +part of his reign, it became one of his principal residences. Among +the events connected with the palace are the following:-- + +Edward VI. was born at Hampton Court, October 12, 1537, and his +mother, Queen Jane Seymour, died there on the 14th of the same +month.[2] Her corpse was conveyed to Windsor by water, where she was +buried, November 12. Catharine Howard was openly showed as Queen, at +Hampton Court, August 8, 1540. Catharine Parr was married to the King +at this palace, and proclaimed Queen, July 12, 1543. In 1558, Mary and +Philip kept Christmas here with great solemnity, when the large hall +was illuminated with 1,000 lamps. Queen Elizabeth frequently resided, +and gave many superb entertainments here, in her reign. In 1603-4, the +celebrated conference between Presbyterians and the Established Church +was held here before James I. as moderator, in a withdrawing-room +within the privy-chamber, on the subject of Conformity. All the Lords +of the Council were present, and the conference lasted three days; a +new translation of the Bible was ordered, and some alterations were +made in the Liturgy.[3] + +Charles I. retired to Hampton Court on account of the plague, in 1625, +when a proclamation prohibited all communication between London, +Southwark, or Lambeth, and this place.[4] Charles was brought here +by the army, August 24, 1647, and lived in a state of splendid +imprisonment, being allowed to keep up the state and retinue of a +court, till November 11, following, when he made his escape[5] to the +Isle of Wight. + +In 1651, the Honour and Palace of Hampton were sold to creditors of +the state; but previously to 1657 it came into the possession of +Cromwell, who made it one of his chief residences. Elizabeth, his +daughter, was here publicly married to the Lord Falconberg; and the +Protector's favourite child, Mrs. Claypoole, died here, and was +conveyed with great pomp to Westminster Abbey. + +The palace was occasionally inhabited by Charles II. and James II. +King William resided much at Hampton Court; he pulled down great part +of the old palace, which then consisted of five quadrangles, and +employed Sir Christopher Wren to build on its site the Fountain Court, +or State Apartments. In July, 1689, the Duke of Gloucester, son of the +Princess, afterwards Queen Anne, was born here. The Queen sojourned +at Hampton occasionally, as did her successors George I. and II.; but +George III. never resided here. When his late serene highness William +the Fifth, Stadtholder of the United Provinces, was condemned to quit +his country by the French, this palace was appropriated to his use; +and he resided here several years. The principal domestic apartments +of Hampton Court are now occupied by different private families, who +have grants for life from the crown. + +The palace consists of three grand quadrangles: the western +quadrangle, or entrance court is 167 feet 2 inches, north to south, +and 141 feet 7 inches, east to west. This leads to the second, or +middle quadrangle, 133 feet 6 inches, north to south, and 91 feet 10 +inches, east to west; this is usually called the Clock Court, from a +curious astronomical clock by Tompion, over the gateway of the eastern +side; on the southern side is a colonnade of Ionic pillars by Wren. On +the north is the great hall: as this is not mentioned by Cavendish, +probably it was part of Henry's building. It certainly was not +finished till 1536 or 1537, as appears from initials of the King and +Jane Seymour, joined in a true lover's knot, amongst the decorations; +this hall is 106 feet long, and 40 broad. Queen Caroline had a theatre +erected here, in which it was intended that two plays should be +acted weekly during the stay of the Court; but only seven plays were +performed in it by the Drury Lane company,[6] and one afterwards +before the + + + [1] An obsolete French term of salutation, abridged from _Bon prou + vous_, i.e. much good may it do you. + + [2] Stow's Annals. + + [3] Fuller's Church History. + + [4] Rymer's Foedera. + + [5] Clarendon's History of the Rebellion. + + [6] Cibber tells us that the expenses of each play were L50. and + the players were allowed the same sum. The King likewise gave the + managers L200. more, for all the performances. For the last + play, the actors received L100. One of the plays acted here was + Shakspeare's Henry VIII--thus making the palace the scene of + Wolseys downfall, as it had been of his splendour. + + +Duke of Lorraine, afterwards Emperor of Germany. The theatrical +appurtenances were not, however, removed till the year 1798. Adjoining +the hall is the Board of Green Cloth Room, of nearly the same date, +and hung with fine tapestry. + +The eastern quadrangle, or Fountain Court, erected by Sir Christopher +Wren for King William, in 1690, is 100 feet by 177 feet 3 inches. Here +is the King's Gallery, 117 feet by 23 feet 6 inches, which was fitted +up for the Cartoons of Raphael. On the eastern side of the court is +a room in which George I. and George II. frequently dined in public. +North-west of the Fountain Court stands the chapel, which forms the +southern side of the quadrangle; this was partly built by Wolsey, and +was finished by Henry VIII. in 1536, or 1537. The windows were of +beautifully stained glass, and the walls decorated with paintings, but +these embellishments were demolished in the troublous times of 1745. +The chapel was, however, restored by Queen Anne; the floor is of black +and white marble, the pews are of Norway oak, and there is some fine +carving by Gibbons; the roof is plain Gothic with pendent ornaments. + +It is hardly possible for us, within the limits of our columns to do +justice to the magnificence of Hampton Court. The grand facade towards +the garden extends 330 feet, and that towards the Thames 328 feet. The +portico and colonnade, of duplicated pillars of the Ionic order, at +the grand entrance, and indeed, the general design of the elevations, +are in splendid style. On the south side of the palace is the privy +garden, which was sunk ten feet, to open a view from the apartments to +the Thames. On the northern side is a tennis court, and beyond that a +gate which leads into the wilderness or _Maze_.[7] Further on is the +great gate of the gardens. + +The gardens, which comprise about 44 acres, were originally laid out +by London and Wise. George III. gave the celebrated Brown permission +to make whatever improvements his fine taste might suggest; but he +declared his opinion that they appeared to the best advantage in their +original state, and they accordingly remain so to this day. The extent +of the kitchen gardens is about 12 acres. In the privy garden is a +grape house 70 feet in length, and 14 in breadth; the interior being +wholly occupied by one vine of the black Hamburgh kind, which was +planted in the year 1769, and has in a single year, produced 2,200 +bunches of grapes, weighing, on an average, one pound each. + +The grotesque forms of the gardens, and the mathematical taste in +which they are disposed, are advantageously seen in a bird's-eye view +as in the Engraving, which represents the tortuous beauty of the +parterres, and the pools, fountains, and statues with characteristic +accuracy. The formal avenues, radiating as it were, from the gardens +or centre, are likewise distinctly shown, as is also the canal formed +by Wolsey through the middle avenue. The intervening space, then a +parklike waste, is now planted with trees, and stretches away to the +village of Thames Ditton; and is bounded on the south by the Thames, +and on the north by the high road to Kingston. + +The palace is open to the public, and besides its splendid apartments, +and numerous buildings, there is a valuable collection of pictures, +which are too celebrated to need enumeration. A curious change has +taken place in the occupancy of some apartments--many rooms originally +intended for domestic offices being now tenanted by gentry. The +whole is a vast assemblage of art, and reminds us of the palace of +Versailles, which is about the same distance from Paris as Hampton +Court from London. + + * * * * * + + +GREECE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + Alas! for fair Greece, how her glories are failed, + Her altars are broken, her trophies are gone, + The Crescent her temples and shrines hath invaded, + And Freedom hath bow'd to the Mussulman throne. + + Fair Liberty say! shall the land of Achilles + Reluctantly cherish a dastardly slave, + Who can crouch at the foot of a despot, whose will is + As fickle as wind, and as rude as the wave? + Shall the ashes of heroes enshrouded in glory, + Be spurn'd in contempt by a barbarous horde, + While their sons idly tremble like boys at a story, + And shudder to gaze on the point of a sword? + + Shall Greece, still as lovely as maiden in sorrow, + By Freedom's bright ray ne'er be beam'd on again? + Shall the sun of Engia ne'er rise on the morrow + That lightens her thraldom or loosens her chain? + Oh say, shall the proud eye of scorn fall unheeded, + The hand, taunting, point to "the land of the brave," + And say that Achaia's fair daughters e'er needed + An arm to protect them--a hero to save. + + Rise! courage alone your base station can alter, + Let Beauty, let Liberty, spirit you on, + And while fetters and stripes are their portion who falter, + Remember that Freedom's the stake to be won. + + +J.O.B. + + [7] For an Engraving of the _Maze_, see MIRROR, vol. vi. page 105. + + * * * * * + + +ESCAPE OF CHARLES II. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +In No. 376, of the MIRROR, is a communication from _W.W._ respecting +the pension granted by Charles II. to the Pendrils, for aiding him in +his escape, after the fatal battle of Worcester. There was another +family who enjoyed a pension from the same monarch, named Tattersall, +one of whom conveyed Charles from Brighton in his open fishing-boat. +A descendant is now living at that place, but the family, through +ignorance and neglect, have ceased to enjoy the grant. + +The house in which the king rested at Brighton, is now an inn, in West +Street, called the King's Head, and is kept by a Mr. Eales. + +H. BERGER. + + * * * * * + + +LINES WRITTEN IN A LADY'S ALBUM. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + The star is set that lighted me + Thro' Fancy's wide domain, + And the fairy paths of poesy, + I now may seek in vain. + + 'Tis but when Sorrow's clouds appear, + In frowning darkness o'er me, + The light of Song bursts forth to cheer + The gloomy path before me. + + As o'er the dusky waves at night, + Oft Mariners behold + That ocean-form, St. Ermo's light, + When tempests are foretold. + + Two reasons in my mind arise. + Why Song is _now_ denied me;-- + No light can venture near thine eyes, + Nor Grief--when thou'rt beside me! + +E. + + * * * * * + + +MINSTREL BALLAD. + +WRITTEN ON A FLYLEAF OF A VOLUME OF ONE OF THE "WAVERLEY NOVELS." + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + On the mountain dawns the day, + All the jolly chase is here, + With hawk and horse, and hunting spear; + Hounds are in their couples yelling, + Hawks are whistling, horns are knelling, + Merrily, merrily, mingle they, + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + The mist has left the mountain grey, + Springlets in the dawn are streaming, + Diamonds on the brake are gleaming, + And foresters have busy been, + To track the buck in thicket green; + Now we come to chant our lay, + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Waken, lords and ladies gay, + To the green wood haste away, + We can show you where he lies, + Fleet of foot, and tall of size; + We can show the marks he made + When 'gainst the oak his antlers frayed; + You shall see him brought to bay. + "Waken, lords and ladies gay." + + Louder, louder, chant the lay, + Waken, lords and ladies say, + Tell them youth, and mirth and glee, + Run a course as well as we, + Time, stern huntsman! who can balk, + Stanch as hound, and fleet as hawk? + Think of this, without delay, + Gentle lords and ladies gay. + +C.C. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SKETCH-BOOK + + * * * * * + +PHYSIOGNOMY OF HOUSES. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Houses undoubtedly present to the eye of fancy, an appearance +analogous to physiognomical expression in men. The remark has been +made by more acute observers than myself. + +Look at that beetle-browed, solemn looking mansion with a ponderous +hat-roof--I mean of slates, garnished with bay windows--observe its +heavy jaws of areas, its hard, close mouth of a door; its dark, deep +sunken eyes of windows peering out from the heavy brow of dark stone +coping that supports the slate hat in question: what a contrast to +the spruce mock gentility of its neighbour, with a stand-up collar of +white steps, a varnished face, and a light, jaunty, yet stiff air, +like a city apprentice in his best clothes. + +See the cap on the temple of that Chinese Mandarin, poking above yon +clump of firs, with its bell furniture; he seems pondering on the +aphorisms of Confucius, regardless of that booby faced conservatory, +whose bald, rounded pate glitters in the sun. Ah! what have we here; a +spruce masquerader in yellow straw hat, trying to look rural with as +much success as a reed thatched summer house. Stand in this quiet nook +a few hours, and give us the shadow of your mushroom covering. + +There is a poor, forlorn wretch with his rags fluttering about him +like a beggar--give him a penny--he must be in distress--look at +his shattered face and dilapidated form; shored up upon crutches, +tottering on the brink of the sewers--shores I mean--of eternity; +behold his crushed and crownless hat--his hollow eyes--his rheumy +visage--look at that petition penned on his breast. Poh! 'tis a +surveyor's notice to pull down. But, then, look at that plurality +parson with rotund prominence of portico, and red brick cheeks of vast +extent, and that high, steeple-crowned hat--look at the smug, mean, +insignificant dwarf of a meeting-house, sinking up to its knees in a +narrow lane, and looking as blank as a wall, with a trap-door of a +mouth, and a grating cast of eye. How yonder bridegroom, just cemented +in an alliance that will not last out his lease of life, "spick and +span new," all eyes, and a double row of buttons ornamenting his +latticed waistcoat, looks at his adored opposite, who holds her +Venetian parasol--sun shade--before her face, glowing like a red brick +wall in the sun. Ah! his regards are attracted by a modest little +nymph of the grove, seated snugly in a sylvan recess, her pretty white +cheeks peeping out beneath the tresses of honeysuckle and woodbine +that veil her beauty. Well, _railing_ is in this case allowable, for +see that brazen front of maiden sixty, guiltless of curls, with a huge +structure of bonnet cocked straight at the top of her head, like the +roof of a market-house, and her broad, square skirts of faded green, +deformed by formal knots of yew and holly. Look with what a blushless +face of triumph she eyes her poor tottering neighbour opposite, who +never appears destined "to suffer a recovery." Oh, 'tis remorseless! +But look down that vista of charity children in slate coloured Quaker +bonnets, stuck one against the other in drab, like pins in a paper, +but not so bright; are they going to stand there for ever, with their +governess at their head, looking as smug and fubsy as the squat house +at the end? Why 'tis--street!--Look at the pump at the other end, that +might pass for an abridgment of a parish clerk--and see, there comes +stalking across the Green the parish beadle, with a great white +placard in his hat--you might well mistake him for Alderman ----'s +monument in red brick with the marble tablet on the top of it. Ah! my +pretty rustic--why your straw hat and brown stuff frock, with white +bib, and that gay flowered apron, with the sprig of jessamine stuck +at your side--you look so homely and comely beneath the shade of that +tall oak, that I could fancy you were only the shepherd's cottage +at the corner of the grange. Bless me--here's a modern antique, +masquerading in the country!--why a village belle of queen Bess' days, +looking as new and as fresh as the young 'squire's lodge, fresh out +of the hands of his fancy architect. More mummery! why this gentleman +looks as fine and as foolish in his affectation of rugged points and +quaint angles, as a staring, white-washed, Gothic villa with the paint +not yet dry. Oh! there is certainly no denying that thou art the +primest of Quakers, Mr. Chapel, one that will not countenance a +_belle_, but lookest right onward in smooth and demure solidity, with +that strip of white path in front of thy brown gravel waistcoat, and +the ample skirts of thy road-coloured surtout; not so your neighbour +Sturdy, him with his chimney like an ink bottle, upright in his +button hole, and his pen-like poplar in his hand; he is equally +uncompromising, but looks with an eye of stern regard upon that gay +sprig of myrtle with his roof of a hat, jauntily clapped on one side, +and a towering charming feather, streaming like smoke in the breeze. +But whither have my vagaries led me--here I am once more in the +dullest of dull country towns, over which strides the gouty old dean, +like a Gothic arch across a cathedral city; and see how the wealthy +innkeeper dangles his broad medal (sign of his having been in the +yeomanry) that swings to the wind like the banner of his troop--how +contemptuously he eyes that solid looking overseer, the workhouse, +with his right and lefthand men the executioners of the law--Stocks +and Cage--oh! turn away--there is that villanous cross barred gripe +the Jail--enough, enough, indeed. + +LAVATERIELLO. + + * * * * * + + + + +MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS. + + * * * * * + +CURIOUS CEREMONY OF DRIVING DEER THROUGH THE WATER (FORMERLY +PRACTISED) IN LYME PARK, CHESHIRE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Ormerod, in his splendid _History of Cheshire_, says, "The park of +Lyme, which is very extensive, is celebrated for the fine flavour of +its venison, and contains a herd of wild cattle, the remains of a +breed which has been kept here from time immemorial, and is supposed +indigenous. In the last century a custom was observed here of driving +the deer round the park about Midsummer, or rather earlier, collecting +them in a body before the house, and then swimming them through a pool +of water, with which the exhibition terminated." There is a large +print of it by Vivares, after a painting by T. Smith, representing +Lyme Park during the performance of the annual ceremony, with the +great Vale of Cheshire and Lancashire, as far as the Rivington Hills +in the distance, and in the foreground the great body of the deer +passing through the pool, the last just entering it, and the old stags +emerging on the opposite bank, two of which are contending with their +fore-feet, the horns at that season being too tender to combat with. +This "art of driving the deer" like a herd of ordinary cattle, is +stated on a monument, at Disley, to have been first perfected by +Joseph Watson, who died in 1753, at the age of 104, "having been +park-keeper at Lyme more than sixty-four years." The custom, however, +appears not to have been peculiar to Lyme, as Dr. Whitaker describes, +in his _Account of Townley_, (the seat of a collateral line of Legh,) +"near the summit of the park, and where it declines to the south, the +remains of a large pool, through which tradition reports that the deer +were driven by their keepers in the manner still practised in the park +at Lyme."[8] + +Lyme Park is situated near the road from Manchester to London, through +Buxton, adjacent to the picturesque village of Disley. + +Lyme Hall is the seat of the principal of the ancient family of Leghs. +Perkins _a Legh_, a Norman, who was buried in Macclesfield Church, +rendered considerable services in the battle of Cressy, for which he +was presented with the estate and lordship of Lyme. The building is, +in part, of the date of Elizabeth; and the other a regular structure, +from a design of Leoni. + +P.T.W. + + [8] History of Whalley. + + * * * * * + + +STANNARY PARLIAMENT. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +In the Forest of Dartmoor, Devonshire, between Tavistock and Chegford, +is a high hill, called Crocken Tor, where the tinners of this county +are obliged by their charter to assemble their parliaments, or the +jurats who are commonly gentlemen within the jurisdiction, chosen +from the four stannary courts of coinage in this county, of which the +lord-warden is judge. The jurats being met to the number sometimes of +two or three hundred, in this desolate place, are quite exposed to the +weather and have no other place to sit upon but a moor-stone bench, +and no refreshments but what they bring with them; for this reason the +steward immediately adjourns the court to Tavistock, or some other +stannary town. + +HALBERT H. + + * * * * * + + +DOWRUCK. + + +In different parts of the North of England it is customary for the +labouring men to come before their masters at the close of their +_dowruck_ (day's work,) and inform him of their labours; the number of +hours their work took them are cut in notches upon an ash stick, and +at the end of the week when the men are paid, the stick is produced, +which immediately shows what each man is entitled to. + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +FAITOUR LANE, + + +Or as it is now called, Fetter Lane, is a term used by Chaucer, for an +idle fellow. The propriety of its denomination is indisputable. + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +ROBIN HOOD. + + +At Brough Sowerby, in Westmoreland, is an ale-house bearing the sign +of Robin Hood, with the following lines beneath it:-- + + + "Good frinds, good frinds, my ale is good. + It is the sign of Robin Hood, + If Robin Hood be not at hoame, + Step in and drink with Littel Johne." + +W.H.H. + + * * * * * + + +JACK OF HILTON, THE BRAZEN IMAGE, ALIAS AN AEOLIPILE. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +Dr. Plot, in his _History of Staffordshire_, says, "The following +service is due from the Lord of Essington, in Staffordshire, to the +Lord of Hilton, about a mile distant, viz. that the Lord of the Manor +of Essington, shall bring a goose every New year's day, and drive it +round the fire in the hall at Hilton, at least three times, whilst +_Jack of Hilton_ is blowing the fire. Now Jack of Hilton is a little +hollow image of brass, of about twelve inches high, kneeling upon his +left knee, and holding his right hand upon his head, having a little +hole in the place of the mouth, about the bigness of a great pin's +head, and another in the back about two-thirds of an inch diameter, at +which last hole it is filled with water, it holding about four pints +and a quarter, which when set to a strong fire, evaporates after the +same manner as in an _Aeolipile_, and vents itself at the smaller hole +at the mouth in a constant blast, blowing the fire so strongly that it +is very audible, and makes a sensible impression on that part of the +fire where the blast lights, as I found by experience, May 26, 1680. +After the Lord of Essington, or his deputy, or bayliffe, has driven +the goose round the fire (at least three times) whilst this image +blows it, he carries it into the kitchen of Hilton Hall, and delivers +it to the cook, who having dressed it, the Lord of Essington, or his +bayliffe, by way of further service, brings it to the table of the +Lord paramount of Hilton and Essington, and receives a dish of meat +from the said Lord of Hilton's table, for his own mess." + +The Aeolipile, in hydraulics, is an instrument consisting of a hollow +metallic ball, with a slender neck or pipe, arising from it. This +being filled with water, and thus exposed to the fire, produces a +vehement blast of wind. + +This instrument, Des Cartes and others, have made use of, to account +for the natural cause and generation of wind; and hence its name, +Aeolipile, _pila Aeoli_, Aeolus's ball. + +In Italy it is said that the Aeolipile is commonly made use of to cure +smoky chimneys; for being hung over the fire, the blast arising from +it carries up the loitering smoke along with it. This instrument was +known to the ancients, and is mentioned by Vitruvius. + +Some late authors have discovered the extraordinary use to which the +frauds of the heathen priesthood applied the Aeolipile, viz. the +working of sham miracles. Besides _Jack of Hilton_, which had been +an ancient Saxon, image, or idol, Mr. Weber shows, that _Pluster_, a +celebrated German idol, is also of the Aeolipile kind, and in virtue +thereof, could do noble feats: being filled with a fluid, and then +set on the fire, it would be covered with sweat, and as the heat +increased, would at length burst out into flames. + +An Aeolipile of great antiquity, made of brass, was some years since +dug up on the site of the Basingstoke Canal, and presented to the +Antiquarian Society of London. Instead of being globular, with a bent +tube, it is in the form of a grotesque human figure, and the blast +proceeds from its mouth. + +P.T.W. + + * * * * * + + +ORIGIN OF WEARING THE VEIL. + +(_For The Mirror_.) + + +The origin of the veil is referred by the Greeks to modesty and +bashfulness. + +About thirty furlongs from the city of Sparta, Icarius placed a +statue of MODESTY, for the purpose of perpetuating the following +incident:--Icarius having married his daughter to Ulysses, solicited +his son-in-law to fix his household in Sparta, and remain there with +his wife, to which Ulysses would not consent. + +Icarius made the request to his daughter, conjuring her not to abandon +him, but seeing her ready to depart with Ulysses, for Ithaca, he +redoubled his efforts to detain her, nor could he be prevailed on to +desist from following the chariot on the way. + +Ulysses wearied with the importunities of Icarius, said to his wife, +"_You_ can best answer this request; it is yours to determine whether +you will remain with your father at Sparta, or depart with your +husband for Ithaca; you are mistress of the decision." + +The beautiful Penelope finding herself in this dilemma, blushed, and +without making the least reply, drew her veil over her face, thereby +intimating a denial to her father's request, and sunk into the arms of +her husband. + +Icarius, very sensibly affected by this behaviour, and being desirous +of transmitting it to posterity by the most durable monument, +consecrated a statue to Modesty, on the very spot where Penelope had +thrown the veil over her face; that after her it might be a universal +symbol of delicacy among the fair sex. + +C.K.W. + + * * * * * + + +The manners of the Welsh must have been even less delicate than those +of the Anglo-Saxons; for they thought it necessary to make a law, +"that none of the courtiers should give the queen a blow, or snatch +any thing with violence from her, under the penalty of incurring her +majesty's displeasure." + + * * * * * + + +FUNERAL OF A BURMESE PRIEST. + + +The funeral pile, in this case, is a car on wheels; and the body is +blown away, from a huge wooden cannon or mortar, with the purpose, I +believe, of conveying the soul more rapidly to heaven! Immense crowds +are collected on occasions of these funerals, which, far from being +conducted with mourning or solemnity, are occasions of rude mirth and +boisterous rejoicing. Ropes are attached to each extremity of the car, +and pulled in opposite directions by adverse parties; one of these +being for consuming the body, the other for opposing it. The +latter are at length overcome, fire is set to the pile amidst loud +acclamations, and the ceremony is consummated.--_Crawford's Embassy to +Ava_. + + * * * * * + + +PLAN FOR A NEW CITY. + + +[Illustration: Plan For A New City] + +(_To the Editor of The Mirror_.) + + +The various ages, interests, and tastes which govern the progressive +growth of cities, seem to be irremediable causes of the irregularity +and inconvenience of their final formations or plans--and until this +illustrious age of magnanimous projects and improvements, it would +have been thought ridiculous to offer any radical expedient for a +general improvement in the plans of cities; but _now_ that we see +_new_ cities growing round the metropolis, and new towns planned for +the distant dominions of Great Britain, it seems to be a convenient +season for explaining my notions respecting the general plan of a +city, with regard _only to the directions of the streets_, which after +the repeated consideration of fifty years, I have concluded may, and +ought to be, all straight streets, from _every extremity_, to the +opposite, whatever be the form of the _outermost_ boundary of the city +or town.--These _conclusions_ would most probably have passed off in +silence, but for an accidental fancy arising in my mind, on reading +lately in the Psalms, "_Jerusalem is a city that is in unity with +itself_." This text awakened my dormant ideas on the proper formation +of streets, and anticipating the reunion of the Jews, I began the +accompanying sketch for a "_Holy City_," or "_a New Jerusalem_," which +accounts for the twelve gates according with the original number of +the tribes of Israel, and the ten streets which diverge from each gate +are symbolic of the Ten Commandments, wherein they were commanded to +walk; the twelve circular areas I thought to be properly dedicated to +the Twelve Apostles of Christianity, under the idea that when the +Jews are again called together it will be under the new covenant of +Christianity, so that nothing could (in that case) be more appropriate +than placing the original propagators of it where so many paths led +towards them--and after fixing the place of public worship in the +centre, my orthodoxy ceased to affect my scheme, for want of that +technical knowledge which further detail would require--and having +accomplished my favourite determination of planning a town without +winding streets or crooked lanes. I offer it to the MIRROR as an +amusing novelty for the entertainment of its numerous readers. I think +it would be not inappropriate to call it the Royal City of _Victoria_. + +CHARLES MATTER. + +(To the ingenious designer of the annexed sketch, we are likewise +indebted for the Plan for a Maze, in our Vol. vii. page 233. Mr. H. +very pertinently observes to us "imagine what would have been said of +this plan for a city, had Belzoni or Buckingham found exactly such a +one in Assyria or Egypt,--of antique date?") + + * * * * * + + + + +THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS. + + * * * * * + +NEW EDITION OF THE WAVERLEY NOVELS. + + +It is rather late in the day to speak of what is technically termed +the "getting-up" of this elegant edition of the most popular works of +our time. There are now three volumes published--_Waverley_, in two +vols. and one vol. or half of _Guy Mannering_. Each of the +former contains upwards of 400 pages, and the latter nearly that +number--beautifully printed in what we call a very inviting type, on +excellent paper, of rich colour, and not too garish for the eye of +the reader. The engravings to _Waverley_ are by Graves, C. Rolls, +and Raddon, after E.P. and J. Stephanoff, Newton, and Landseer--a +frontispiece and plate title page and vignette to each volume. To our +taste the vignettes are exquisite--one by Landseer, _David Gellatley, +with Ban and Buscar_, is extremely beautiful. The illustrations to the +volume of _Guy Mannering_ are by Duncan, and C.G. Cooke, after Leslie +and Kidd. The volumes are in substantial canvass binding. Their low +price, a crown a-piece, is the marvel of bookselling, for were they +only reprints without copyright, they would be unprecedentedly cheap. +The whole series will extend to forty volumes, to be published in +three years, and will cost ten pounds. Fifteen-pence a week for the +above term will thus provide a family with one of the most elegant +drawing-room libraries that can be desired. They will about occupy +three _cheffonier_ shelves;--or what delightful volumes for fire-side +shelves, or a "little book-room," or a breakfast parlour opening on +a carpet of lawn--or to read by the hour, with a golden-haired +lady-friend, and chat awhile, and then turn to the most attractive +scenes in the novel, while we ourselves are perhaps enacting the hero +in a romance of real life. Few novels admit of a second reading; +but the _Waverley_ series will never lose their attraction--and to +remember when and where, and with whom you first read each of them, +may perhaps revive many pleasantries. + +Of the literary Notes and emendations of the present edition, we have +already expressed our opinion by the selection of several of them for +the pages of the MIRROR; and in the progress of the publication, we +shall endeavour to award similar justice to each of the works. + +In the _Athenaeum_, of August 5, the presumed profit on the whole +edition is estimated at L100,000.! The calculation of the sale of +12,000 of each work is a reasonable one, and splendid as, in that +case, the reward will be, the reading-public will be the gainers. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE FAMILY LIBRARY. + +_HISTORY OF THE JEWS._ + + +We scarcely know how to do justice to the high character of the series +of volumes now publishing under this denomination. In printing and +embellishment they take the lead of the Periodical Works of our day, +(and some of these are extremely beautiful,) while their literary +worth is even of superior order. Although they are matter-of-fact +works--as in history and biography--they are not mere compilations of +dry details and uninteresting lives; but they are so interspersed with +new views, and the facts are so often re-written, that the whole have +the appearance of original works. Excellent principles, and economy of +cost are, likewise, two important points of their recommendations; for +many works which have already appeared on the same subjects, have +been deformed by party spirit, and written to serve a sect, or are +so expensive as to be purchaseable only by the wealthy ranks, and +scarcely accessible by the middle classes of society; whereas the +Family Library is published at a rate within the reach of two-thirds +of the reading public, who may therefore possess what they read, +and appreciate the value of these volumes as works of reference and +authority. + +The division of the series which has called forth this notice, is No. +5, or the first volume of the _History of the Jews_, to be completed +in three volumes, by the Rev. H.H. Milman, Professor of Poetry at +Oxford, and the author of the splendid poem--The Fall of Jerusalem; +and judging by the portion before us, this work will form one of the +most attractive in the whole series. In proof of this it would be easy +to select many passages which are beautifully picturesque; a few, +however, will suffice: + +"The Jews, without reference to their religious belief, are among +the most remarkable people in the annals of mankind. Sprung from one +stock, they pass the infancy of their nation in a state of servitude +in a foreign country, where, nevertheless, they increase so rapidly, +as to appear on a sudden the fierce and irresistible conquerors of +their native valleys in Palestine. There they settle down under a form +of government and code of laws totally unlike those of any other rude +or civilized community. They sustain a long and doubtful conflict, +sometimes enslaved, sometimes victorious, with the neighbouring +tribes. At length, united under one monarchy, they gradually rise to +the rank of a powerful, opulent, and commercial people. Subsequently +weakened by internal discord, they are overwhelmed by the vast +monarchies which arose on the banks of the Euphrates, and transplanted +into a foreign region. They are partially restored, by the generosity +or policy of the Eastern sovereigns, to their native land. They are +engaged in wars of the most romantic gallantry, in assertion of their +independence, against the Syro-Grecian successors of Alexander. Under +Herod, they rise to a second era of splendour, as a dependent kingdom +of Rome: finally, they make the last desperate resistance to the +universal dominion of the Caesars. Scattered from that period over +the face of the earth--hated, scorned, and oppressed, they subsist, +a numerous and often a thriving people; and in all the changes of +manners and opinions retain their ancient institutions, their national +character, and their indelible hope of restoration to grandeur and +happiness in their native land. Thus the history of this, perhaps +the only unmingled race, which can boast of high antiquity, leads us +through every gradation of society and brings us into contact with +almost every nation which commands our interest in the ancient world; +the migratory pastoral population of Asia; Egypt, the mysterious +parent of arts, science, and legislation; the Arabian Desert; the +Hebrew theocracy under the form of a federative agricultural republic, +their kingdom powerful in war and splendid in peace; Babylon, in its +magnificence and downfall; Grecian arts and luxury endeavouring to +force an unnatural refinement within the pale of the rigid Mosaic +institutions; Roman arms waging an exterminating war with the +independence even of the smallest states; it descends, at length, to +all the changes in the social state of the modern European and Asiatic +nations." + +At page 32, there is an interesting picture of the state of society in +Patriarchal times--the whole of the life of Moses is extremely well +written--the description of the Plague is indeed terrific--and the +death and character of the Prophet drawn with a masterly and vigorous +hand. The reigns of David and Solomon, as might be expected, are +magnificently told. Among the picturesque sketches none exceed the-- + +DESCRIPTION OF PALESTINE. + +"It is almost impossible to calculate with accuracy the area of a +country, the frontier of which is irregular on every side. Lowman has +given three different estimates of the extent of territory occupied +by the twelve tribes, the mean between the two extremes approaches +probably the nearest to the truth. According to this computation, the +Jewish dominion, at the time of the Division, was 180 miles long, by +130 wide, and contained 14,976,000 acres. This quantity of land +will divide to 600,000 men, about 21-1/2 acres in property, with a +remainder of 1,976,000 acres for the Levitical cities, the princes of +tribes, the heads of families, and other public uses. Assuming this +estate of 21-1/2 acres, assigned to each household, of course a +larger proportion of pasture must have been given to those tribes who +subsisted on their herds and flocks, than of arable to those who +lived by tillage, the portions of the latter, therefore, must be +considerably reduced. On the other hand, the extraordinary fertility +of the whole country must be taken into the account. No part was +waste; very little was occupied by unprofitable wood; the more fertile +hills were cultivated in artificial terraces, others were hung with +orchards of fruit trees; the more rocky and barren districts were +covered with vineyards. Even in the present day, the wars and +misgovernment of ages have not exhausted the natural richness of the +soil. Galilee, says Malte Brun, would be a paradise were it inhabited +by an industrious people, under an enlightened government. No land +could be less dependent on foreign importation; it bore within itself +every thing that could be necessary for the subsistence and comfort +of a simple agricultural people. The climate was healthy, the seasons +regular; the former rains, which fell about October, after the +vintage, prepared the ground for the seed; the latter, which prevailed +during March and the beginning of April, made it grow rapidly. +Directly the rains ceased, the grain ripened with still greater +rapidity, and was gathered in before the end of May. The summer months +were dry and very hot, but the nights cool and refreshed by copious +dews. In September, the vintage was gathered. Grain of all kinds, +wheat, barley, millet, zea, and other sorts, grew in abundance; the +wheat commonly yielded thirty for one. Besides the vine and the +olive, the almond, the date, figs of many kinds, the orange, the +pomegranates, and many other fruit-trees, flourished in the greatest +luxuriance. Great quantity of honey was collected. The balm tree, +which produced the opobalsamum, a great object of trade, was probably +introduced from Arabia in the time of Solomon. It nourished about +Jericho and in Gilead." + +This is but a portion of the sketch. The wealth and commerce of the +country is thus told: + +"The only public revenue of the Hebrew commonwealth was that of the +sacred treasury, the only public expenditure that of the religious +worship. This was supported by a portion of the spoils taken in war; +the first fruits, which in their institution were no more than could +be carried in a basket, at a later period were rated to be one part in +sixty; the redemption of the first born, and of whatever was vowed to +the Lord. Almost every thing of the last class might be commuted for +money according to a fixed scale. The different annual festivals were +well calculated to promote internal commerce: maritime or foreign +trade, is scarcely mentioned in the law, excepting in two obscure +prophetic intimations of advantages, which the tribes of Dan and +Zebulun were to derive from their maritime situation. On this subject +the lawgiver could have learned nothing in Egypt. The commerce of that +country was confined to the inland caravan trade. The Egyptians hated +or dreaded the sea, which they considered either the dwelling of the +evil principle, or the evil principle itself. At all events, the +Hebrews at this period were either blind to the maritime advantages of +their situation, or unable to profit by them. The ports were the last +places they conquered. Sidon, if indeed within their boundary, never +lost its independence; Tyre, if it existed, was a town too obscure to +be named; Ecdippa and Acco remained in the power of the Canaanites; +Joppa is not mentioned as a port till much later. The manufactures of +the people supplied their own wants; they brought from Egypt the arts +of weaving woollens and linens, stuffs made of fine goats' hair, and +probably cotton; of dying in various colours, and bleaching, and of +embroidering; of many kinds of carpenter's work; of building, some +of the rules of which were regulated by law; of making earthenware +vessels; of working in iron, brass, and the precious metals, both +casting them and forming them with the tool; of gilding, engraving +seals, and various other kinds of ornamental work, which were +employed in the construction of the altars and sacred vessels of the +Tabernacle." + +Among the illustrative passages we notice the following exquisite +paragraph on the-- + +HEBREW POETS. + +"THE three most eminent men in the Hebrew annals, Moses, David, and +Solomon, were three of their most distinguished poets. The hymns of +David excel no less in sublimity and tenderness of expression than in +loftiness and purity of religious sentiment. In comparison with them +the sacred poetry of all other nations sinks into mediocrity. They +have embodied so exquisitely the universal language of religious +emotion, that (a few fierce and vindictive passages excepted, natural +in the warrior-poet of a sterner age,) they have entered with +unquestioned propriety into the ritual of the holier and more perfect +religion of Christ. The songs which cheered the solitude of the desert +caves of Engedi, or resounded from the voice of the Hebrew people as +they wound along the glens or the hill-sides of Judaea, have been +repeated for ages in almost every part of the habitable world, in the +remotest islands of the ocean, among the forests of America or the +sands of Africa. How many human hearts have they softened, purified, +exalted!--of how many wretched beings have they been the secret +consolation!--on how many communities have they drawn down the +blessings of Divine Providence, by bringing the affections into unison +with their deep, devotional fervour." + +The present volume extends from the time of Abraham to the Babylonian +Captivity. It is illustrated with three excellent maps, and a few wood +cuts; but we are convinced that we need add nothing further of its +contents to recommend the _History of the Jews_ to the attention of +our readers; for it is one of the most splendid and fascinating works +in our recollection. + + * * * * * + + +LIBRARY OF ENTERTAINING KNOWLEDGE. + + +The Fourth Part of this well-arranged publication, is "_The Pursuit of +Knowledge under difficulties illustrated by Anecdotes_." The matter +is judiciously divided into chapters, as "Strength of the Passion for +Knowledge--Humble Station no Obstacle--Obscure Origin--Artists rising +from the lower to the higher classes--Late Learners--Early Age +of Great Men--Self-educated Men--Literary Pursuits of +Soldiers--Merchants, Booksellers, and Printers." All these heads are +illustrated by anecdotes--some of them well known, others drawn +from uncommon sources--and all replete with useful information, and +furnishing an exhaustless store of entertainment. Such a volume is, +indeed, _a book for the people_, and will do more towards the spread +of knowledge, and the excitement of those engaged in its pursuit, than +scores of fine-spun theories cramped up with technicalities. For young +people we consider this book a real treasure; since the examples +selected are not those of men who became intoxicated with their +success, or gave up useful occupation for mere elegant literature or +experimental knowledge; but the instances are chiefly of such as have +turned their genius to good account, or for the benefit of themselves +and their fellow men. We call such men the _honourables of the land_, +whose examples should be written in letters of gold, and on monuments +of marble, as helps to social duties and for the imitation of after +times. + +We have marked for our next number a few extracts which will be +interesting to our readers to explain the mode by which the heads of a +chapter are illustrated. The biographettes of John Hunter, Simpson, J. +Stone, and Fergusson, and the introductory illustrations of Newton, +are the most striking portions of the volume; and they maybe read and +re-read with increasing advantage. Of Hunter and Fergusson there are +good portraits. + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY. + + * * * * * + + +_Block Machinery._ + + +Mr. Faraday has lately described at the Royal Institution, Brunel's +Block Machinery at Portsmouth, with a set of magnificent models of +this admirable invention, which were lent to the Society by the +Navy Board. They consist of eight separate machines, which work in +succession, so as to begin and finish off a two-sheaved block four +inches in length. These were put by Messrs. Maudsley and Field's men +(who made them) into such communication and action, as to perform the +set of operations in the most perfect manner. + +Mr. F. briefly stated that the Block Machinery of Portsmouth, by +adjustments, could manufacture blocks of 100 different sizes--could +with thirty men make 100 per hour; and from the time of its completion +in 1804-5 to the present day, had required no repairs from Maudsley, +the original manufacturer. The total cost was given at 46,000 _l_., +and the saving per annum in time of war 25,000 _l_. This is a paragon +of art which we could see again and again. + + +_Enameled Street Names._ + +The names of the Streets in Paris have been recently put up on +enameled plates; the ground being blue, and the letters white. The +substance on which the enameling is performed is lava in slabs; the +same substance has since been used as the basis of certain enameled +designs; it is much superior in some points to porcelain in this +application, because the necessary exposure to fire does not cause it +to crack in the manner that porcelain does.--_From the French_. + + +_Preservation of Wine Must._ + +Charcoal was added to grape must, in the proportion of 100 grains to a +litre (2.1 pints), or if very much inclined to ferment, more +charcoal was used. When the liquid had settled, and become clear and +colourless, it was removed from the charcoal, and put into bottles +or casks, to be closed up, and preserved. It will not enter into +fermentation, even in close vessels; for the charcoal has absorbed +the ferment. Nevertheless, the ferment has not lost its powers by +combination with the carbon; for, if left in the must, the latter +begins to ferment, but only where in contact with the former.--_From +the French_. + + +_Weevils in Granaries._ + +Wash the floor and sides of the granary with a mixture of urine and +water before the corn is stored up; this washing is to be repeated +several times, the walls and floors of the granary being well swept +between each operation.--_From the French_. + + +_French Eggs and Apples._ + +In the year 1827 there were 63,109,618 hen's eggs, and 14,182 bushels +of apples imported from France into England. + + +_Enlargement of Artichokes._ + +The gardeners in the south of France increase the size of artichokes +by splitting the stem into four at the base of the receptacle, and +introducing two small sticks in the form of a cross. This operation +should not be made until the stem has attained the height it ought to +have.--_From the French_. + + +_Preservation of Potatoes._ + +Potatoes at the depth of one foot in the ground, produce shoots near +the end of spring; at the depth of two feet they appear in the middle +of summer; at three feet they are very short, and never come to the +surface; and between three and five feet they cease to vegetate. In +consequence of observing these effects several parcels of potatoes +were buried in a garden at the depth of three and a half feet, and +were not removed. until after an interval of one or two years. They +were then found without, any shoots, and possessing their original +freshness, firmness, goodness, and taste. _From the French_. + + +_Leeches._ + +It is well known that atmospheric changes have a remarkable influence +upon leeches. In 1825, M. Derheim, of St. Omer, ascribes the almost +sudden death of them at the approach of, or during storms, to the +coagulation of the blood of these creatures, caused by the impression +of the atmospheric electricity.--_From the French_. + + +_Carpenter's Microscope._ + +Mr. Carpenter's achromatic solar microscope has now a white circular +area of nine feet in diameter, to receive the images of the objects +upon, some of which are magnified to the enormous size of upwards of +eight feet in length! + +Mr. Carpenter's lucernal microscopes are now arranged in a kind of +temple, placed in the middle of a room, and illuminated by the light +of one powerful Argand lamp, so as to be independent of all natural +light; thus, in all seasons, even in cloudy weather, the objects are +as brilliantly displayed as they could be last year when the sun +shone.--_Gill's Repository_. + + +_Beet Root Sugar._ + +There are now in France upwards of one hundred manufactories of beet +root sugar, from which were produced last year upwards of 5,000 tons +of sugar, worth 60 _l._ per ton, or 300,000 _l_.; the profit of which +is estimated at 15 _l._ an acre; but, says one of the manufacturers, +the process may be so far improved, that sugar will be made in France +from the beet root at 30 _l._ per ton, which will increase the profit +to 24 _l._ an acre. A writer in the _Quarterly Journal of Agriculture_ +observes that "it is difficult to conceive that one half of the sugar +consumed in Great Britain, or in all Europe, will not, in a few years, +be home-made beet root sugar." + + * * * * * + + + + +SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS + + * * * * * + +LORD BYRON AND SIR WALTER SCOTT AT WATERLOO. + +_By a Sexagenarian._ + + +In his transit to Italy in August, 1816, Lord Byron visited Brussels +(where I was residing) accompanied by Dr. Polidori. The moment I heard +of his arrival, I waited on him, and was received with the greatest +cordiality and kindness. + +As he proposed visiting Waterloo on the following morning, I offered +my services as his cicerone, which were graciously accepted, and we +set out at an early hour, accompanied by his _compagnon de voyage_. +The weather was propitious, but the poet's spirits seemed depressed, +and we passed through the gloomy forest of Soignies without much +conversation. As the plan of the inspection of the field had been left +to me, I ordered our postilion to drive to Mont St. Jean, without +stopping at Waterloo. We got out at the monuments. Lord Byron gazed +about for five minutes without uttering a syllable; at last, turning +to me, he said--"I am not disappointed. I have seen the plains of +Marathon, and these are as fine. Can you tell me," he continued, +"where Picton fell? because I have heard that my friend Howard was +killed at his side, and nearly at the same moment." + +The spot was well known, and I pointed with my finger to some trees +near it, at the distance of one hundred and fifty yards: we walked to +the spot. "Howard," said his lordship, with a sigh, "was my relation +and dear friend; but we quarrelled, and I was in the wrong; we were, +however, reconciled, at which I now rejoice." He spoke these words +with great feeling, and we returned to examine the monument of Sir +Alexander Gordon, a broken column, on which he made some criticisms, +bestowing great praise on the fraternal affection of his brother, who +had erected it. He did not seem much interested about the positions of +the troops, which I pointed out to him; and we got into our carriage, +and drove to the Chateau Goumont, the poet remaining silent, pensive, +and in a musing mood, which I took care not to interrupt. + +The gallant defence of this post seemed to interest him more, and +I recapitulated all the particulars I knew of the attack. From the +bravery displayed by the handful of troops (the Guards) who defended +it, it has acquired its reputation. Though they were reinforced +more than once, the number never exceeded twelve hundred; and +notwithstanding the enemy having, by battering down the gate of the +farmyard, and setting fire to the straw in it, got possession of the +outer works, in the evening attack, they could make no impression on +the strong hold, the garden-- + + + "Whose close pleach'd walks and bowers have been + The deadly marksman's lurking screen." + + +They reaped no advantage by these assaults; on the contrary, they +sacrificed a great many brave men without any purpose. It was a most +important post; for had they succeeded in getting possession of it, +and driving out our troops, their guns would have enfiladed us, and +we should have been obliged to change our front. The pompous title +of _chateau_ gives a little additional importance to this position, +though it is only a miserable dwelling of two stories, somewhat +resembling the habitations of our _Bonnet Lairds_ about the beginning +of the last century. The area of the house is about two Scotch acres, +including the garden. The clipped and shady walks have been long since +cut down, which takes away much interest from it; and the stupid +Fleming to whom it belonged, cut down the young trees in front of it, +because they had been wounded by the bullets, which he was informed +"would cause them to bleed to death!" The nobleman who now possesses +it, had, with better taste, repaired the chateau, and will not permit +any alteration in its appearance. + +I asked Byron what he thought of Mr. Scott's "Field of Waterloo," just +published--if it was fair to ask one poet his opinion of a living +contemporary. "Oh," said he, "quite fair; besides, there is not much +subject for criticism in this hasty sketch. The reviewers call it a +_falling off_; but I am sure there is no poet living who could have +written so many good lines on so meagre a subject, in so short a time. +Scott," he added, "is a fine poet, and a most amiable man. We are +great friends. As a prose writer, he has no rival; and has not been +approached since Cervantes, in depicting manners. His tales are my +constant companions. It is highly absurd his denying, what every one +that knows him believes, his being the author of these admirable +works. Yet no man is obliged to give his name to the public, except he +chooses so to do; and Scott is not likely to be compelled by the law, +for he does not write libels, nor a line of which he may be ashamed." +He said a great deal more in praise of his friend, for whom he had the +highest respect and regard. "I wish," added the poet, with feeling, +"it had been my good fortune to have had such a Mentor. No author," he +observed, "had deserved more from the public, or has been so liberally +rewarded. Poor Milton got only 15_l._ for his 'Paradise Lost,' while +a modern poet has as much for a stanza." I know not if he made any +allusion to himself in this remark, but it has been said that Murray +paid him that sum for every verse of "Childe Harold." + +Lord Byron, in reading aloud the stanzas of Mr. Scott, + + + "For high, and deathless is the name, + Oh Hougoinont, thy ruins claim! + The sound of Cressy none shall own, + And Agincourt shall be unknown, + And Blenheim be a nameless spot + Long ere thy glories are forgot," &c. + + +he exclaimed, striking the page with his hand, "I'll be d----d if they +will, Mr. Scott, be forgot!" + + +SIR WALTER SCOTT. + + +Sir Walter Scott visited Brussels about the middle of August, 1816, +when I had the good fortune to meet him at the house of Sir Frederick +Adam, who was prevented by a wound from joining his brigade, though he +was able to do the duties of the small garrison there. + +Mr. Scott accepted my services to conduct him to Waterloo. The +general's aid-de-camp was also of the party, Mr. Scott being +accompanied by two friends, his fellow travellers. He made no secret +of his having undertaken to write something on the battle; and he +took the greater interest on this account in every thing that he saw. +Besides, he had never seen a field of such a conflict; and never +having been before on the Continent, it was all new to his +comprehensive mind. The day was beautiful; and I had the precaution to +send out a couple of saddle-horses, that he might not be fatigued +in walking over the fields which had been recently ploughed up. The +animal he rode was so quiet that he was much gratified, and had an +opportunity of examining every spot of the positions of both armies; +and seemed greatly delighted, especially with the Farm of Goumont, +where he loitered a couple of hours. In our rounds we fell in with +Monsieur Da Costar, with whom he got into conversation, though I had +told him he was an impostor. But he had attracted so much notice by +his pretended story of being about the person of Napoleon, that he was +of too much importance to be passed by: I did not, indeed, know as +much of this fellow's Charlatanism at that time as afterwards, when +I saw him confronted with a blacksmith of La Belle Alliance, who had +been his companion in a hiding-place, ten miles from the field, during +the whole day; a fact which he could not deny. But he had got up a +tale so plausible, and so profitable, that he could afford to bestow +hush-money on the companion of his flight, so that the imposition was +but little known, and strangers continued to be gulled. He had picked +up a good deal of information about the positions and details of the +battle, and being naturally a sagacious Wallon, and speaking French +pretty fluently, he became the favourite _cicerone_, and every lie he +told was taken for gospel. Year after year, until his death, in 1824, +he continued his popularity, and raised the price of his rounds from a +couple of francs to five; besides as much for the hire of a horse, his +own property; for he pretended that the fatigue of walking so many +hours was beyond his powers. It has been said, that in this way he +realized every summer a couple of hundred Napoleons. It is surprising +how any one could believe the story he told; for supposing that he had +been seized upon by Napoleon, what use could such a vagabond be as a +guide? What was he to show? The British army was staring the Emperor +in the face at a mile distant. This _soi-disant_ hero could only be +an incumbrance during the conflict, if his courage could have been +screwed up to remain at Napoleon's side, as he pretended he had done, +and that when he became panicstruck on the approach of the Prussians, +he was rewarded for his services with a twenty-franc coin. He even +pointed out the actual spot where he stood with the Emperor on the +_chaussee_--heard him exclaim "Sauve qui peut!" and saw him mount his +horse, and brush!--_facts_, which are become historical! + +When Sir Walter had examined every point of defence and attack we +adjourned to the "Original Duke of Wellington," at Waterloo, to +dinner, after the fatigues of the ride. Here he had a crowded levee of +peasants, and collected a great many trophies, from cuirasses down to +buttons and bullets. He picked up himself many little relics, and was +fortunate in purchasing a grand cross of the legion of honour. But +the most precious relic was presented to him by my wife--a French +soldier's book, well stained with blood, and containing some poetical +effusions, called "Troubadours," which he found so interesting that +he translated them into English, and they were introduced into his +"Paul's Letters;" on the publication of which he did her the honour of +sending her a copy, with a most flattering letter, to say, "that he +considered her gift as the most valuable of all his Waterloo relics." + +On our return from the field, he kindly passed the evening with us, +and a few friends whom we invited to meet him. He charmed us with his +delightful conversation, and was in great spirits from the agreeable +day he had passed; and with great good humour promised to write a +stanza in the lady's Album. The following morning he called to achieve +this; and I put him into my little library, the door of which I locked +to prevent interruption, as a great many of my friends had paraded in +the _Parc_ opposite my window to get a peep of the celebrated man, +many having dogged him from his hotel. + +Brussels affords but little worthy of the notice of such a traveller +as the author of "Waverley;" but he greatly admired the splendid +tower of the Maison de Ville, and the ancient sculpture and style of +architecture of the buildings which surround the Grand Place. + +He told us, with great humour, a laughable incident which had occurred +to him at Antwerp. The morning after his arrival at that city from +Holland, he started at an early hour to visit the tomb of Rubens in +the Church of St. Jacques, before his party were up. Having provided +himself with a map of the city, he had no other guide; but after +wandering about for an hour, without finding the object he had in +view, he determined to make inquiry, and observing a person stalking +about like himself, he addressed him, in his best French; but the +stranger pulling off his hat, very respectfully replied, in the pure +Highland accent, "I'm vary sorry, Sir, but I canna speak ony thing +besides English."--"This is very unlucky indeed, Donald," said Mr. +Scott, "but we must help one another; for, to tell you the truth, +I'm not good at any other tongue but the English, or rather, the +Scotch."--"Oh, Sir, maybe," replied the Highlander, "you are a +countryman, and ken my maister, Captain Cameron, of the 79th, and +could tell me where he lodges. I'm just cum in, Sir, frae a place they +ca' _Machlin_, and ha forgotten the name of the captain's quarters; it +was something like the _Laaborer_."--"I can, I think, help you with +this, my friend," rejoined Mr. Scott. "There is an inn just opposite +to you, (pointing to the _Hotel de Grand Laboreur_,) I dare say that +will be the captain's quarters;" and so it was. I cannot do justice to +the humour in which Mr. Scott recounted this dialogue. + +_New Monthly Magazine_. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE GATHERER. + + + A snapper up of unconsidered trifles. +SHAKSPEARE. + + * * * * * + + +SUPERSTITION. + + +Catherine de Medicis, in order to be assured of the assistance of +heaven in a certain project, vowed to send a pilgrim to Jerusalem, +who should walk three feet forwards and one backwards all the way. A +countryman of Picardy undertook the fulfilment of this vow, and having +employed a whole year in the task, was rewarded with a title and a +large sum of money. + + * * * * * + + +The Romans deposed their Dictator, Minutius, and the general of their +cavalry, Caius Flaminius, on the same day they had been elected, +because one of the citizens of Rome had heard a mouse squeak. + +A.V.M. + + * * * * * + + +NAPKINS. + + +When Diego de Torres, the Spanish ambassador, in 1547, first dined +with the Emperor of Morocco at his court, he was amused by the customs +of the table; neither knives, forks, nor spoons, were provided; but +each person helped himself with his fingers, and cleaned his hands +with his tongue, excepting the emperor, who wiped the hand he took his +meat up with on the head of a black boy, ten years old, who stood by +his side. The ambassador smiled, and the emperor observing it, asked +what Christian kings wiped their hands with at meals, and what such +things were worth? "Fine napkins," replied the ambassador, "a clean +one at every meal, worth a crown a piece or more." "Don't you think +this napkin much better," said the emperor, wiping his hand again on +the black boy's head, "which is worth seventy or eighty crowns." + + * * * * * + + +JUSTICE. + + +"What is your fare, coachee," said a stout gentleman alighting from a +hackney-coach. + +_Coachee_.--"One shilling, sir." + +_Gent_.--"One shilling! What an imposition for such a short distance." + +_Coachee_.--"I'll take my oath that is my fare." + +_Gent_.--"Will you? very well, I am a magistrate, proceed--(_Coachee +is sworn_)--That will do, the shilling I shall keep for the +affidavit." + + * * * * * + + +Philip III. King of Spain, wept at an _Auto da Fe_, because he saw so +many fellow creatures inhumanly tormented. This was thought by the +Grand Inquisitor to be a great sin, and he terrified the king so much +with his remonstrances, that Philip suffered himself to be bled, and +the blood to be given to the common executioner, to be burnt at the +next _Auto da Fe_, by way of penance. + + * * * * * + + +_Cobweb_ comes from the Dutch word _Kopwebbe_; and _Kop_ in that +language signifies a spider. + + * * * * * + + +(S.I.B.'s interesting paper on the Birth of Edward VI. and Death of +Queen Jane Seymour, did not reach us till our description of Hampton +Court was ready for press: our Correspondent's contribution shall +appear next week.) + + * * * * * + +LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE FOLLOWING NOVELS IS ALREADY PUBLISHED: + + s. d. + Mackenzie's Man of Feeling 0 6 + Paul and Virginia 0 6 + The Castle of Otranto 0 6 + Almoran and Hamet 0 6 + Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia 0 6 + The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne 0 6 + Rasselas 0 8 + The Old English Baron 0 8 + Nature and Art 0 8 + Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield 0 10 + Sicilian Romance 1 0 + The Man of the World 1 0 + A Simple Story 1 4 + Joseph Andrews 1 6 + Humphry Clinker 1 8 + The Romance of the Forest 1 8 + The Italian 2 0 + Zeluco, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Edward, by Dr. Moore 2 6 + Roderick Random 2 6 + The Mysteries of Udolpho 3 6 + Peregrine Pickle 4 6 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, +and Instruction, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 385 *** + +***** This file should be named 11455.txt or 11455.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/1/4/5/11455/ + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Nicolas Hayes and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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