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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11388 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+Vol. 10, No. 285.] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1827. [Price 2d
+
+
+
+CASTLE OF THE SEVEN TOWERS
+
+
+[Illustration: Castle of the Seven Towers at Constantinople.]
+
+ 1. Triumphal Arch of Constantine.
+ 2. First Tower of the Pentagon.
+ 3. First Marble Tower.
+ 4. Second Marble Tower.
+ 5. Angle of the Pentagon with the fallen Tower.
+ 6. Double Tower.
+ 7. Dedecagonal tower.
+ 8. Square Tower of entrance to the Prison.
+ 9. Round Tower falling to decay.
+10. House of the Aga, &c.
+11. Garden of the Aga's House.
+12. Cemetery of the Martyrs.
+
+The celebrity of the _Seven Towers_ in European countries, though
+strongly savouring of romance, is no joke--it being the _prison_ where
+the Turks confine the ministers and ambassadors of the powers with whom
+they are at war. At the present moment this engraving will doubtless be
+acceptable to our readers; especially to such of our City friends as
+have recently been induced to speculate on the heads of ambassadors of
+the allied powers; and a few days since it might have served as a scale
+for their _wagering_ the "price of blood."
+
+With the early account of this castle we shall be brief. It is cited in
+the history of the lower empire from the sixth century of the Christian
+era, as a point which served for the defence of Constantinople. The
+embrasures of some of its towers, as well as of the towers that flank
+the ramparts of the town from the southern angle of the castle to the
+sea, blackened as is supposed by the Greek fire, announce that it was
+the principal bulwark of the city on the side of the Propontis, in the
+latter times of the empire. In 1453, Mahomet II., after an obstinate
+siege, gained possession of Constantinople and the Castle of the Seven
+Towers, fear opening to him one of the gates of the latter. The Turks
+relate that 12,000 men perished in this siege; and the marks of the
+ravages of the artillery are still visible, for, as usual, the conqueror
+did not concern himself about repairs. Since that time the place has
+been the arena of many remarkable events, among which was the tragical
+murder of the caliph Osman the Second. This has been followed up by many
+bloody executions; and at every turn gloomy sentiments, and the proud
+names of Turks and Greek princes, inscribed on the walls, speak the sad
+fate of those by whose hands they were traced. Towers filled with irons,
+chains, ancient arms, tombs, ruins, dungeons, cold and silent vaults, a
+pit called _the well of blood_, the funeral cry of owls and of vultures,
+mingled with the roar of the waves--such are the objects and sounds with
+which the eye and ear are familiarized in these dreary abodes, according
+to poor Ponqueville, the traveller, who speaks from experience--_within
+the walls._ All this is a sorry picture for the
+
+  "--Gentlemen of England,
+  Who live at home at ease."
+
+But the _state purposes_ to which the _Seven Towers_ are appropriated
+boast of comparative comfort, "the prisoners detained here being
+distinguished from all other prisoners of war by an allowance for the
+table which is assigned them by the sultan, and by the appellation of
+_mouzafirs_, or hostages.[1] It may, indeed," continues our traveller,
+"be considered as a great favour to be regarded in this light, comparing
+their situation with that of others, who fall into captivity among the
+Turks." Moreover, this castle is dignified as _an imperial fortress_,
+and governed by an aga with a guard and a band of music. Indeed, we
+suppose it a sort of lock-up house preparatory to more rigorous
+confinement; and its governorship is a peaceable and honourable post.
+The Turks who compose the garrison of the Seven Towers have, in the
+first place, the advantage of being esteemed persons of a certain
+distinction in their quarter; and, secondly, they are exempted from
+going out to war, to which every Musselman is liable.
+
+    [1] Probably on the plan of the lord mayor's household table.
+    Well, Swift is right in supposing the great art of life to be
+    that of hoaxing.
+
+This castle stands at the eastern extremity of the Propontis, or Sea of
+Marmara; it is a tolerably regular pentagon, four out of the five angles
+of which are flanked by towers; the fifth angle had also a tower, but it
+exists no longer. Its principal front is towards the west, and has,
+besides the tower at one of the angles, two others, which stand on each
+side the ancient triumphal arch of Constantine. The gate of entrance to
+the Seven Towers on the side of the town is to the east, in a small
+square. The longest side of the pentagon is that in which Constantine's
+arch is included; while towers existed at all the angles, this side
+presented a front of four towers; but it has now only three. The first
+marble tower is an enormous mass, between eighty and ninety feet high.
+
+The triumphal arch of Constantine, which occupies the centre between the
+two marble towers, conducts to the golden gate in the exterior enclosure
+of the castle. The arch was more than ninety feet in height; but it has
+been so much injured by artillery, that no idea can now be formed of its
+ornaments. In the second marble tower is the _Cave of Blood_: the first
+door by which it is entered is of wood; this opens into a corridor of
+twelve feet long by four feet wide, having at the end two iron steps
+ascending to an iron door, and this leads into a semicircular gallery;
+at its furthest extremity is a second iron door, which completes the
+gallery, and ten feet further an immense massive door enclosing the
+dungeon. In the midst of this sarcophagus is a well, the mouth of which
+is level with the ground, and half closed by two flag-stones; to this is
+given the name of the _well of blood_, because the heads of those who
+are executed in the dungeon are thrown into it. In the same tower with
+this dungeon is a staircase leading up to a number of cells; from some
+of them, which are higher than the ramparts, the eye may be gratified
+with a view over Constantinople through loop-holes pierced in the walls.
+Here the Turks formerly used to confine those whom they call
+_mouzafirs_, or hostages; but the latter have now the choice allowed
+them of hiring more eligible apartments.
+
+The first enclosure of the Seven Towers is inhabited chiefly by poor
+Turks, who have houses, and live there with their families. They also
+belong to the guard of the castle.
+
+The air of the Seven Towers is in general unwholesome, and very likely
+to produce scrofula. In the summer the walls, heated by the sun,
+transform the place into a furnace; and the apartments on the first
+floor are at all times extremely damp.
+
+Our engraving, aided by the subjoined references, will, however, enable
+our readers to form an accurate idea of the topography of the _Seven
+Towers_. It is copied from the Travels of M. Ponqueville, who devotes a
+chapter of his quarto volume to a minute description of towers, gardens,
+and fortresses. Nothing can exceed the horror with which his catalogue
+of their miseries is calculated to impress the reader; indeed, they fall
+but little short of some of the highly-wrought fictions of barbarous
+romance.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES FOR DECEMBER, 1827.
+
+(For the Mirror.)
+
+
+The sun enters the cardinal and tropical sign _Capricorn_ on the 22nd,
+attaining his greatest austral declination at 1h. 31m. afternoon.
+
+The moon is in opposition on the 3rd; in apogee on the 6th, and in
+conjunction and perigee on the 18th.
+
+Mercury is in perihelion on the 1st, becomes stationary on the 9th, and
+reaches his greatest elongation on the 19th, when he may be seen before
+sunrise, as well as a few preceding and succeeding mornings; be rises on
+the abovementioned day at 6h. 8m.
+
+Venus is in aphelio on the 18th, and in conjunction with the planet
+Herschel on the 28th at 9 h. evening; she sets on the 1st at 4 h. 48 m.,
+and on the 31st at 5-1/2 h. evening.
+
+Mars rises on the 1st at 3h, 14m., and on the 31st at 2 h. 46 m.
+morning.
+
+Jupiter rises on the 1st at 4 h. 39 m. and on the 31st at 3h. morning;
+he has now receded far enough from the sun to render the eclipses of his
+nearest moon visible; the first immersion will take place on the 3rd at
+6 h. 39 m. 4 s. morning; the next on the 19th at 4 h. 54 m. 42 s.
+morning, and the last on the 26th at 6 h. 48 m. 14 s. morning, those
+being the only ones that happen during the month.
+
+Saturn who commenced retrograding on the 2nd, last month, in 20 deg.
+18m. of _Cancer_, will on the 31st have reached 17 deg. 26 m. of the
+same sign, and will be found a few degrees below the star _Pollux_ in
+the constellation _Gemini_, rising on the 1st at 6h. 49m., and on the
+31st at 4 h. 27 m. evening.
+
+Herschel culminates on the 1st at 3 h. 23m., and on the 31st at 1 h. 17
+m.
+
+_Fomalhaut_ in Pisces, a star of the first magnitude, and very much
+resembling the planet Saturn, (except that its light is not so steady,)
+will be observed only a few degrees above the horizon in the south west,
+coming to the meridian at 6 h. 19 m. evening; _Markal_ in the wing of
+Pegasus, the flying horse at 6 h. 26 m. _Alpheratz_ and _Mirach_, the
+former in the head, and the latter in the girdle, of Andromeda at 7 h.
+31 m. and 8 h. 31 m. _Menkar_ in the jaw of _Cetus_ the whale at 10 h.
+24 m.; the four preceding are of the second magnitude. The _Pleiades_
+south at 11 h. 8m., and _Aldebaran_ in Taurus, generally called the
+Bull's Eye, a brilliant star of the first magnitude at 11 h. 56 m.; the
+upper or northern portion of the constellation _Orion_ at 12-1/2 h., and
+the lower or southern part at 1 h. morning.
+
+These remarks cannot be better concluded, than by calling the attention
+of the readers of the MIRROR to the unerring regularity of the motion of
+the heavenly bodies. Though their magnitude is so immense, the certainty
+and correctness of their movements during thousands of years, is far
+more exact than that of the best chronometer ever made, even during a
+single year: how great, then, must be the ignorance of him who does not
+behold in them the Almighty ruler of all things; and how great the folly
+of him, who says in his heart, and evinces by his conduct that he
+believes there is no God. And let him who denies what he cannot
+comprehend, be addressed in the impressive language of holy writ, "Canst
+thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of
+Orion? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou
+guide Arcturus with his Sons?" 14_th November_, 1827. PASCHE.
+
+       *       *       *       *      *
+
+
+COLD WINTER IS COMING.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--take care of your toes--
+    Gay Zephyr has folded his fan;
+  His lances are couch'd in the ice-wind that blows,
+    So mail up as warm as you can.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--he's ready to start
+    From his home on the mountains afar;
+  He is shrunken and pale--he looks froze to the heart,
+    And snow-wreaths embellish his car.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--Hark! did ye not hear
+    The blast which his herald has blown?
+  The children of Nature all trembled in fear,
+    For to them is his power made known.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--there breathes not a flower,
+    Though sometimes the day may pass fair!
+  The soft lute is removed from the lady's lorn bower,
+    Lest it coldly be touched by the air.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--all stript are the groves,
+    The passage-bird hastens away;
+  To the lovely blue South, like the tourist, he roves,
+    And returns like the sunshine in May.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--he'll breathe on the stream--
+    And the bane of his petrific breath
+  Will seal up the waters; till, in the moon-beam.
+    They lie stirless, as slumber or death!
+
+  Cold Winter is coming, and soon shall we see
+    On the panes, by that genius Jack Frost,
+  Fine drawings of mountain, stream, tower, an tree--
+    Framed and glazed too, without any cost.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming---ye delicate fair,
+    Take care when your hyson you sip;--
+  Drink it quick, and don't talk, lest he come unaware,
+    And turn it to ice on your lip.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--I charge you again--
+    Muffle warm--of the tyrant beware--
+  He's so brave, that to strike the young hero he's fain--
+    He's so told he'll not favour the fair.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--I've said so before--
+    It seems I've not much else to say;
+  Yes, Winter is coming, and God help the poor!
+    I wish it was going away,
+
+_Nov 5th 1827._ C. COLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAUTICAL PHRASES.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+Sir,--The annexed _Definition_ of Nautical, Names, &c. will not, I dare
+say, to most of your readers, be uninteresting. G.W.N.
+
+_The Starboard_ is the right side of the ship, as the _lar_-board is the
+left.
+
+_The Parrel_ is a movable band-rope, used to fasten the yard to its
+respective mast.
+
+_Backstays_ are long ropes, reaching from the right and left sides of
+the vessel to the mast heads.
+
+_Travellers_ are slight iron rings, encircling the backstays, and are
+used for hoisting the top-gallant yards, and confining them to the
+backstays.
+
+_Rolling-tackle_ is a number of pulleys, engaged to confine the yard to
+the weather side of the mast; this tackle is much used in a rough sea.
+
+_Booms_ are masts or yards, lying on board in reserve.
+
+_The Courses_ are the mainsail, foresail, and the mizen.
+
+_The Staysail_ is of a triangular form, running upon the
+fore-topmast-stay, just above the bowsprit.
+
+_Reef-tackles_ are ropes employed in the operation of reefing. &c.
+
+_Clue-lines_ are used to truss up the clues, or to lower the corners of
+the largest sails.
+
+_The Brake_ is the handle of the pump, by which it is worked.
+
+_Bowlines_ are ropes for keeping the windward edge of the sail steady.
+
+_The Wells_ are places in the ship's hold for the pumps, &c.
+
+_Earings_ are small lines, by which the uppermost corners of the largest
+sails are secured to the yard-arms.
+
+_Reefs_ are spaces by which the principal sails are reduced when the
+wind is too high, and enlarged again when its force abates.
+
+_Topsails_ are long and square, of the second degree in magnitude in all
+great ships.
+
+_Haliards_ are single ropes, by which the sails are hoisted up and
+lowered at pleasure.
+
+_Tally_ is the operation of hauling aft the _sheets_, or drawing them in
+the direction of the ship's stern.
+
+_Towing_ is the operation of drawing a vessel forward by means of long
+lines, &c.
+
+_Timoneer_, from the French _timonnier_, is a name given, on particular
+occasions, to the steersman of a ship.
+
+_Bars_ are large masses of sand or earth, formed by the surge of the
+sea; they are mostly found at the entrances of great rivers or havens,
+and often render navigation extremely dangerous.
+
+_The Ox-Eye_, so called by seamen, is a remarkable appearance in the
+heavens, resembling a small lurid speck, and always precedes two
+particular storms, known only between the tropics.
+
+_Azimuth-Compass_ is an instrument employed for ascertaining the sun's
+magnetical azimuth.
+
+_Studding-Sails_ are long and narrow, and are used only in fine weather,
+on the outside of the large square sails.
+
+_Stay-Sails_ have three corners, and are hoisted up on the stays when
+the wind crosses the ship.
+
+_Broaching-to_ is a sudden movement in navigation, when the ship, while
+scudding before the wind, accidentally turns her side to windward.
+
+_Wales_ are a number of strong and thick planks, covering the lower part
+of the ship's side.
+
+_Scud_ is a name given by sailors to the lowest clouds; which are mostly
+observed in squally weather.
+
+_The Sheets_ are ropes used for extending the clues, or lowering the
+corners of the sails.
+
+_Brails_ are ropes used to truss up a sail to a mast or yard.
+
+_Reef-Bands_ are long pieces of rough canvass sewed across the sails to
+give them additional strength.
+
+_Scudding_ is a term applied to a vessel when carried furiously along by
+a tempest.
+
+_Leeward_ implies when the ship lies on that side to which the wind is
+directed.
+
+_Windbound_ means when the ship is detained in one particular station by
+contrary winds.
+
+_Windward_ is when the ship is in the direction of the wind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHRONICLES OF THE CANONGATE.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+Sir,--Since my last communication to you on the subject of the works, so
+commonly spoken of as by the "Great Unknown"--"the Wizard of the North,"
+and other equally _novel cognomina_, the veil has been withdrawn; we now
+have the open avowal, both from his own lips, and under his own hand, of
+the authorship from the individual himself, who has so long, and, as it
+now appears, so justly, enjoyed the reputation of having written them.
+
+To judge from what he says in the second volume of "the Chronicles of
+the Canongate," just published--I mean in the character of Mr.
+Croftangry,--it is clear that he is conscious of such slips and
+carelessness as I have before pointed out. I am therefore at a loss to
+understand why he should allow them to remain like spots that deface the
+general beauty of his productions, as by submitting them for perusal to
+the merest Tyro in grammar or composition before they were sent to
+press, they could not fail of being obliterated.
+
+It is surely no very good policy for an artist, jealous of his
+reputation, knowingly to leave his works unfinished. Without, however,
+detaining you, or your readers, by such obvious remarks, I shall resume
+my task, hoping that you will be able to find room for the following in
+your useful and entertaining miscellany.
+
+In the first volume, p. 168, of the present work, we read: "She was once
+the beautiful and happy wife of Hamish Mac Tavish, _for whom his_
+strength and feats of prowess gained _him_ the title of Mac Tavish
+Mhor." This kind of style would scarcely be allowed to pass in
+Leadenhall-street. What is meant by _for whom_, with _his_ immediately
+following, and then _him_ a little after? Does not the author intend to
+say, that the strength, &c. of Mac Tavish gained him the title of Mac
+Tavish Mhor? If so, (and there can be no doubt of it from the context,)
+then he should have written the sentence thus: "_whose_ strength and
+feats of prowess had gained him the title of Mac Tavish Mhor."
+
+"He gained the road, mounted his pony, and rode upon his way," p. 183 of
+the same volume, is, in the latter part of it, another curious phrase.
+"He mounted his pony," says the author. May we not suppose he rode _upon
+it_ too? But he adds "_rode upon his way_."
+
+Again: "His reputed grandfather with his pockets stuffed out with Bank
+notes, would come to atone for his past cruelty, by _heaping his
+neglected grandchild_ with unexpected wealth," vol. 2., p. 87. We _heap
+up_ wealth, but not _persons with_ it, for that would hardly be kind. To
+_load one with_ wealth is a common expression.
+
+"Is it possible that _the bold adventurer can fix his thoughts on you_,
+and still be dejected _at the thoughts_ that a bonny blue-eyed lass
+looked favourably on a less-lucky fellow than himself?" vol. 2, p. 136.
+Such is the question put by Middlemas to his friend Hartley, when
+speaking together on the subject of the interesting Menic Grey, and his
+projected Indian trip. But how could he ask if the _bold adventurer
+fixed his thoughts on him_, when it was the person addressed who
+entertained the idea of becoming one? and how, if the _bold adventurer
+was dejected?_ when he had already distinguished him, taking the words
+in their proper application, as another individual in a general sense.
+It is altogether a singular specimen of abstruse phraseology. Then "_fix
+his thoughts_" "dejected at _the thoughts_." Fie upon it!
+
+"Hartley fell a victim to his professional courage, in _withstanding_
+the progress of a contagious distemper, which he at length caught, and
+under which he sank," vol. 2, p. 367. If he withstood the progress of
+the disease, how could he fall a victim to it? The author should have
+said, "in his _endeavours to withstand_" or "_arrest_ the progress of
+it."
+
+"So stood the feelings of the young man, when, one day after dinner, the
+doctor snuffing the candle, and taking from his pouch the great leathern
+pocketbook in which he deposited particular papers, with a small supply
+of the most necessary and active medicines, _he_ took from it Mr.
+Monçada's letters, and requested Richard Middlemas's serious attention,"
+vol. 2, p. 88 and 89. Who is _he_? _the doctor_? Is he not mentioned
+before? And there he is left to stand without his natural support, for
+_he_ has _taken_ it _from_ him. Does not the writer of this sentence
+recollect "My banks _they_ are furnished with bees." I could add another
+_take from_ to the page by way of note.
+
+_The following I leave without comment._
+
+"Judg_e_ment," vol. 1, p. 2; vol. 6, p. 6. and judgment, vol. 1, p. 85,
+_a_ heraldic shield, vol. 1, p. 68; desir_e_able, vol. 2, p. 39.
+
+As much iron as would have _builded_ a brig, vol. 1, page 68. A good
+tune is _grinded_, vol. 1, p. 143. Butler and Mercer had both _spoke_ to
+their disparagement, vol. 2, p. 289.
+
+Worthy Mr. Piper, best of contractors _who_ ever furnished four frampal
+jades, vol. 1, p. 45.
+
+With the next morning I _will_ still see the double summit of the
+ancient Dan, vol. 1, p. 229.
+
+And then I _will_ find it easier to have you prosecuted, vol. 2, p. 169.
+
+We _will_ be happy, if it is in our power, to repay a part of our
+obligations, vol. 2, p. 222.
+
+Thou art the fiend who _hast_ occasioned my wretchedness in this world,
+and who _will_ share my eternal misery in the next, vol. 2, p. 229.
+
+He found himself under the alternative of being with him on decent and
+distant terms, or of breaking off with him altogether. The first of
+these courses might perhaps have been the _wisest_, but the other was
+the _most_ congenial to the blunt and plain character of Hartley, vol.
+2, p. 256.
+
+He inquired _at_ their superior for Barak el Hadgi, vol. 2, p. 263.
+
+And inquiring _at_ those whom he considered the best newsmongers, vol.
+2, p. 276.
+
+He faltered out inquiries _at_ his niece, vol. 1, p. 20.
+
+Your father asked none save _at_ his courage and his sword, vol. 1, p.
+260.
+
+The concluding (_of_) a literary undertaking, vol. 2, p. 1.
+
+I would as soon dress a corpse, when the great fiend himself--God sain
+us--stood visibly before us, _than_ when Elspat of the Free is amongst
+us, vol. 1, p. 250. November 7, 1827. Oculus.[2]
+
+    [2] We are compelled to defer our Correspondent's Notes on his
+    second reading of Ivanhoe--Ed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LETTER
+
+
+_Written in the Condemned Cells, Newgate, by Captain Lee, the night
+previous to his execution, being convicted of forging a bill of exchange
+for 15l. on the Ordnance Office._
+
+_Newgate, March_ 3, 1784.
+
+My Dear Sir,--Before this reaches you, the head that dictates and the
+hand that traces these lines shall be no more. Earthly cares shall all
+be swallowed up, and the death of an unthinking man shall have atoned
+for the trespass he has committed against the laws of his country. But
+ere the curtain be for ever dropped, or remembrance leave this tortured
+breast, let me take this last and solemn leave of one with whom I have
+passed so many social and instructive hours, whose conversation I fondly
+cultivated, and whose friendship for me I hope will remain, even after
+the clay-cold hand of death has closed my eyes in everlasting darkness.
+
+I cannot think you will view this letter with stoic coolness, or with
+listless indifference. Absorbed as the generality of men are in the
+pursuits of pleasure or the avocations of business, there are times when
+the mind looks inward upon itself, when a review of past follies induces
+us to future amendment, and when a consciousness of having acted wrong
+leads us to resolutions of doing right. In one of those fortunate
+moments may you receive these last admonitions! Shun but the rock on
+which I have struck, and you will be sure to avoid the shipwreck I have
+suffered. Initiated in the army at an early period of life, I soon
+anticipated not only the follies, but even the vices of my companions.
+Before, however, I could share with undisturbed repose in the wickedness
+of others, it was necessary to remove from myself what the infidel terms
+the prejudices of a Christian education. In this I unfortunately
+succeeded; and conceiving from my tenderest years a taste for reading,
+my sentiments were confirmed, not by the flimsy effusions of empty
+libertines, but by the specious sophistry of modern philosophers. It
+must be owned that at first I was rather pleased with the elegance of
+their language than the force of their reasoning; as, however, we are
+apt to believe what we eagerly wish to be true, in a short time I soon
+became a professed deist. My favourite author was the late celebrated
+David Hume. I constantly urged his exemplary behaviour in private as a
+strong argument in favour of his doctrines, forgetting that his literary
+life was uniformly employed in diffusing his pernicious tenets, and his
+utmost endeavours were constantly exerted in extending the baneful
+influence of his philosophical principles. Happy for me had I always
+been actuated by the considerations which fill my bosom at this moment,
+and which I hope will animate me in that awful part to-morrow's sun
+shall see me perform. But the die is cast, and I leave to the world this
+mournful memento, "that however much a man may be favoured by personal
+qualifications, or distinguished by mental endowments, genius will be
+useless, and abilities avail but little, unless accompanied by a sense
+of religion, and attended by the practice of virtue; destitute of these,
+he will only be mounted on the wings of folly, that he may fall with
+greater force into the dark abyss of endless despair."
+
+On my returning to a belief of the truths of Christianity, I have been
+very much assisted by the pious exhortations of the ordinary, as well as
+by the book he has put into my hands; and I feel a comfort which I am
+unable to express by this his charitable and benevolent attention to me.
+I believe there is no passion more prevalent in the human breast than
+the wish that our memory should be held in remembrance. I shudder at the
+thought lest my name should be branded with infamy, when I lie
+mouldering in the dust, as I know well that the tongue of malice is ever
+loud against the failings of the unfortunate. When, however, my
+character is insulted, and my poor reputation attacked, extenuate, I
+beseech you, the enormity of my crime, by relating the hardships of my
+sufferings. Tell to the giddy and affluent, that, strangers to the
+severity of want, they know not the pain of withstanding the almost
+irresistible calls of nature. The poor will, I trust, commiserate my
+misfortunes, and shed a sympathetic tear at the mournful tale of my
+miserable fate. I can say no more. Heaven have mercy on us all!
+
+Adieu for ever. J. LEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARTING FOR THE POLE.
+
+
+  _He._--Now weep not Poll because I go,
+    There's no need, I declare,
+  For when among the Esquimaux,
+    I've too much blubber there.
+
+  Women mis-doubt a sailor's word,
+    We don't deserve the wipe;
+  For when they pipe us all aboard,
+    Aboard we all do pipe.
+
+  We've rocks, when all our tears are past,
+    The sailor's heart to shock,
+
+  _She._.--Why yes, Jack--when you're on the mast,
+    You're sure to have a rock.
+
+  _He._--You'll find some fellow on dry ground,
+    You will prefer to me,
+  To him I see you will be bound,
+    While I'm bound to the sea.
+
+  But if I sail the world around,
+    I'll be a faithful rover,
+
+  _She._--Poh! you'll forget me I'll be bound
+    When you are half seas over.
+
+  _He._--And when alas, your Jack is gone,
+    You'll think of naught but jigging,
+  And you will sport your rigging on,
+    While Jack is on the rigging.
+
+  Where winter's ice around us grows,
+    And storms upon us roll,
+
+  _She._--Ah, that's the time I do suppose
+  They look out for the pole.
+
+  _He._--But if I should be sunk d'ye see,
+
+  _She._--Bring up a coral wreath,
+
+  _He._--Why if I were beneath the sea,
+    I could not see beneath.
+
+  _She._--Yet if you should be cast away,
+    Without a cloak, or victual,
+  Remember me, a little, pray,
+    You'd better pray a little.
+
+  But tho' you wish us now to splice,
+    Our hands--your love won't hold,
+  For when you get among the ice,
+    I'm sure you will grow cold.
+
+  I have your money--here's a kiss,
+    I will be true to you,
+  But one word more, "adieu" it is,
+    Cries Jack, it is a do.             MAY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARDS, OR POETS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Hail! to the Bards, who sweetly sung
+    The praises of dead peers
+  In lofty strains, thus to prolong
+    Their fame for many years.        LUCAN.
+
+This sect appears to have descended from _Bardus_, son of _Druis_, king
+of Britain; he was much esteemed by the people for inventing songs and
+music, in praise of meritorious actions; and established an order, in
+which such of the people were admitted as excelled in his art,
+distinguishing them by the name of _bards_, after his own name. Julius
+Caesar reports, that on his arrival he found some of them. Their
+business was to record the noble exploits of their warriors in songs and
+ditties, which they sung to their instruments at the solemn feasts of
+their chiefs; and in such high estimation were they held, that, when two
+armies were ready to engage, if a bard stept in between them, both sides
+delayed the attack till he was out of danger.
+
+As these bards were neither repugnant to the Roman authority nor the
+Christian religion, they alone, above all other sects, were suffered to
+continue long after the birth of Christ; and it is said that some of
+them are still to be found in the isle of Bardsey, (so named from them).
+_Wisbech_. T.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SCOTTISH PEASANT'S LAMENT.
+
+BY THE AUTHOR OF AHAB.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Oh! had I my home by the side of the glen,
+  In a spot far remote from the dwellings of men,
+  Wi' my ain bonnie Jeannie to sit by my side,
+  I'd nae envy auld Reekie her splendor and pride.
+  The song of the mavis should wake me at morn,
+  And the grey breasted lintie reply from the thorn;
+  While the clear brook should run in the sun's yellow beam,
+  And my days glide as calmly along as its stream.
+
+  But here, in the city's dull streets, I must live,
+  Nae Jeannie her arms for my pillow to give;
+  Nae mavis, nae lintie, to sing from the tree,
+  Nae streamlet to murmur its music to me.
+  O better, by far, had I never been born,
+  Or my head laid in rest in the glen 'neath the thorn;
+  Since the songs of my birds I no longer can hear,
+  Nor in slumber recline by the side of my dear.
+
+  Now, all that makes life still endured, is the dream,
+  That comes o'er my soul, of the bird and the stream;
+  And the love of my Jean--when that vision shall close,
+  In the silence of death let my ashes repose.
+  Yet then, even then, my sad spirit will be,
+  By the side of the brook, 'neath the shade of the tree;
+  In the arms of my Jeannie, for ne'er can it stay,
+  From those who in life had endeared it away.
+
+_Nov_. 25. 1827. S.P.J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON A SQUINTING POETESS.
+
+
+  To no _one_ muse does she her glance confine,
+  But has an eye at once, to _all the nine!_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.
+
+No. XVI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FISHING IN THE RIVER YEOU.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fisherman]
+
+The fishery of the Yeou, in Bornou, is a very considerable source of
+commerce to the inhabitants of its banks; and the manner of fishing (as
+represented in the above engraving) is ingenious though simple. The
+Bornouese make very good nets of a twine spun from a perennial plant
+called _kalimboa_: the implements for fishing are two large gourds
+nicely balanced, and fixed on a large stem of bamboo, at the extreme
+ends; the fisherman launches this on the river, and places himself
+astride between the two gourds, and thus he floats with the stream, and
+throws his net. He has also floats of cane, and weights, of small
+leathern bags of sand: he beats up against the stream, paddling with his
+hands and feet, previous to his drawing the net, which, as it rises from
+the water, he lays before him as he sits; and with a sort of mace, which
+he carries for the purpose, the fish are stunned by a single blow. His
+drag, finished, the fish are taken out, and thrown into the gourds,
+which are open at the top, to receive the produce of his labour. These
+wells being filled, he steers for the shore, unloads, and again returns
+to the sport.--_Denhani's Travels in Africa._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARABIAN HORSES.
+
+
+_Sir John Malcolm_, in his Sketches of Persia, gives the following
+interesting anecdotes of these noble creatures:--
+
+Hyder, the elchee's master of the chase, was the person who imparted
+knowledge to me on all subjects relating to Arabian horses. He would
+descant by the hour on the qualities of a colt that was yet untried, but
+which, he concluded, must possess all the perfections of its sire and
+dam, with whose histories, and that of their progenitors, he was well
+acquainted. Hyder had shares in five or six famous brood mares; and he
+told me a mare was sometimes divided amongst ten or twelve Arabs, which
+accounted for the groups of half-naked fellows whom I saw watching, with
+anxiety, the progress made by their managing partner in a bargain for
+one of the produce. They often displayed, on these occasions, no small
+violence of temper; and I have more than once observed a party leading
+off their ragged colt in a perfect fury, at the blood of Daghee or
+Shumehtee, or some renowned sire or grandsire, being depreciated by an
+inadequate offer, from an ignorant Indian or European.
+
+The Arabs place still more value on their mares than on their horses;
+but even the latter are sometimes esteemed beyond all price. When the
+envoy, returning from his former mission, was encamped near Bagdad, an
+Arab rode a bright bay horse of extraordinary shape and beauty, before
+his tent, till he attracted his notice. On being asked if he would sell
+him--"What will you give me?" said he. "It depends upon his age; I
+suppose he is past five?" "Guess again," was the reply. "Four." "Look at
+his mouth," said the Arab, with a smile. On examination he was found
+rising three; this, from his size and perfect symmetry, greatly enhanced
+his value. The envoy said, "I will give you fifty tomans[3]." "A little
+more, if you please," said the fellow, apparently entertained.
+"Eighty!--a hundred!" He shook his head, and smiled. The offer came at
+last to two hundred tomans! "Well," said the Arab, seemingly quite
+satisfied, "you need not tempt me any farther--it is of no use; you are
+a fine elchee; you have fine horses, camels, and mules, and I am told
+you have loads of silver and gold: now," added he, "you want my colt,
+but you shall not have him for all you have got." So saying, he rode off
+to the desert, whence he had come, and where he, no doubt, amused his
+brethren with an account of what had passed between him and the European
+envoy.
+
+    [3] A toman is a nominal coin nearly the value of a pound
+    sterling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARIS.
+
+
+Paris is, as it were, abandoned to foreign travellers in September and
+October. It is not till the first symptoms of cold are felt somewhat
+severely, that life in the capital is resumed in all its tumult. The
+Paris season is the reverse of that of London. It commences at the end
+of November, and closes at the beginning of May. The period of your
+hunting is that of our drawing-room parties. Previous to November, Paris
+may be compared to a vast lazaretto, where the valetudinarians of every
+country take refuge.--_Monthly Magazine_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUSICIAN OF MANDARA.
+
+
+[Illustration: Musician blowing a long pipe]
+
+The above engraving represents one of the musicians of the Sultan of
+Mandara; blowing a long pipe not unlike a clarionet, ornamented with
+shells. These artists, with two immense trumpets from twelve to fourteen
+feet long, borne by men on horseback, made of pieces of hollow wood with
+a brass mouth-piece, usually precede the sovereign on any important
+visit. The costume and attitude of the musician are highly
+characteristic of savage mirth.
+
+The chiefs in this part of Africa are also attended by a _band_ carrying
+drums, and singing extempore songs, a translation of one of which is
+subjoined from "Denham's Travels," whence the engraving is copied.
+
+  Christian man he come,
+    Friend of us and Sheikhobe;
+  White man, when he hear my song,
+    Fine new tobe give me.
+
+  Christian man all white,
+    And dollars white have he;
+  Kanourie, like him, come,
+    Black man's friend to be.
+
+  From Felatah, how he run;
+    Barca Gana shake his spear:
+  White man carry two-mouthed gun;
+    That's what make Felatah fear.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HUNTING IN PERSIA.
+
+
+In Persia, persons of the highest rank lead their own greyhounds in a
+long silken leash, which passes through the collar, and is ready to slip
+the moment the huntsman chooses. The well-trained dog goes alongside the
+horse, and keeps clear of him when at full speed, and in all kinds of
+country. When a herd of antelopes is seen, a consultation is held, and
+the most experienced determine the point towards which they are to be
+driven. The field (as an English sportsman would term it) then disperse,
+and while some drive the herd in the desired direction, those with the
+dogs take their post on the same line, at the distance of about a mile
+from each other; one of the worst dogs is then slipped at the herd, and
+from the moment he singles out an antelope the whole body are in motion.
+The object of the horsemen who have greyhounds is to intercept its
+course, and to slip fresh dogs, in succession, at the fatigued animal.
+In rare instances the second dog kills. It is generally the third or
+fourth; and even these, when the deer is strong, and the ground
+favourable, often fail. This sport, which is very exhilarating, was the
+delight of the late King of Persia, Aga Mahomed Khan, whose taste is
+inherited by the present sovereign.--_Sketches of Persia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIOUS WATCHMEN IN NORWAY.
+
+
+In Drontheim, the ancient capital of Norway, it appears, that the
+guardians of the night not only _watch_, but _pray_ for the souls of the
+inhabitants. Mr. Brooke, in his recent travels, says, "as each hour
+elapses, they are prepared with a different kind of exhortation or
+prayer; which, forming a sort of tune or chant, is sung by them during
+the drear hours of the night." Of one of these pious songs, he gives the
+following literal translation:
+
+  "Ho! the Watchman, ho!
+  The clock has struck ten,
+  Praised be God, our Lord!
+  Now it is time to go to bed.
+  The housewife and her maid,
+  The master as well as his lad.
+  The wind is south-east.
+  Hallelujah! praised be God, our Lord!"
+
+"The _voekter_, or watchman, is armed with an instrument as remarkable
+as his cry, being nothing less than a long pole, at the end of which is
+a ball, well fortified with iron spikes. This weapon is called _morgen
+stierne_, or the morning star. At Drontheim, however, bands of
+pick-pockets and thieves are unknown, and the morning star does little
+more than grace the hand of the Norwegian watchman."
+
+As the axe of reform is just laid to the watching system of London, we
+may profit by the example of our Northern brethren; for it appears, they
+not only watch over the temporal, but spiritual concerns of their
+citizens, and it should seem, with salutary effect: but the _vespers_
+and _matins_, of a watchman in England, would meet with many unholy
+interruptions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONDON CLUB-HOUSES.
+
+
+Club-houses are by no means a new invention; and yet the improvements
+upon the old plan, which was itself an improvement upon the former
+coffee-house, is sufficiently interesting, and sufficiently unknown to
+the people in general, to render some account of their advantages not
+superfluous. The modern club is a tavern and newsroom, where the members
+are both guests and landlord. The capital is derived from a sum paid by
+each member on entrance, and the general annual expenses, such as
+house-rent, servants, &c. are defrayed by an annual subscription. The
+society elects a committee for its execution and government, and meets
+at stated intervals for legislative measures. The committee appoint a
+steward to manage its affairs, and a secretary to keep the accounts, to
+take minutes of the proceedings of meetings, and transact the business
+of correspondence. The domestic servants are placed under the immediate
+direction of the steward; but above all in the choice of a cook, the
+discretion of the committee is most especially exerted. A house being
+thus established where the society is at home, the rooms are thrown open
+for their various accommodation. In the apartments destined for eating,
+members may breakfast, lunch, dine, and sup, as they list; a bill of
+fare of great variety is prepared; and the gourmand has nothing more to
+do than to study its contents, and write the names of the dishes he
+desires on a bill prepared for the purpose; to mention whether he orders
+dinner for himself alone, or in company with others; and at what time he
+chooses to dine, whether immediately, or at some subsequent hour. At the
+close of his dinner this bill or demand is presented to him with the
+prices annexed, and prompt payment is the law.
+
+Wine is bottled in quarts, pints, and even half-pints, and may be had at
+some institutions even in glasses: it is not needless to observe,
+moreover, that there is no necessity either of fashion or regulation to
+drink it at all. At an inn, a bottle of wine must be ordered for the
+"good of the house," that the waiter may not despise you and be surly:
+that, in short, the guest may be tolerably accommodated in other
+matters; although, perhaps, the wine itself (wretched stuff generally at
+inns) is his abhorrence--though he may never drink any thing but water,
+and may send the decanter away untouched--the tax must be paid. Besides
+this entertainment for the grosser senses, the more refined appetites
+are considered. In some clubs, the "Travellers" for instance, a library
+is provided; and at most of them, even the most unintellectual, a
+library of reference is supplied. Here all the periodicals of the day
+are laid upon the tables--both those of Great Britain and of the
+continent, together with the newspapers, metropolitan and provincial,
+and in some instances the political journals of Paris. This part of the
+house may be considered the general resort of the gossippers and
+quidnuncs; and here, or in other more commodious places, materials for
+writing, paper, pens, lights, &c. are found. Drawing-rooms, one or more,
+are next to be mentioned--here the members take their tea or their ease;
+and where cards are played, this is the scene of operation. A
+billiard-room is an agreeable addition to the accommodation of the
+society's house, and several of the inferior apartments are always
+devoted to serve as dressing-rooms. It is clear, that a bachelor wants
+nothing beyond this but a bed; if he chooses to live in this sort of
+public privacy he may; and should he be only a sojourner in town, the
+convenience of a resort of this kind wherein he may make his
+appointments, receive and write his letters, see society, take his
+dinner, spend his evening, if not otherwise engaged, over the books, the
+newspapers, or a rubber of whist, and do all but sleep--a bed in the
+neighbourhood may supply the article of repose.--Thus all physical
+wants, and many social ones, are abundantly, and even luxuriously
+supplied.--_London Magazine_.
+
+[While upon "clubs," we may as well advert to the prospectus of "_The
+Literary Club_," which has reached us since our last. It professes to be
+"associated for the _assistance_ of men of letters, the development of
+talent, and the furtherance of the interests of literature." It not only
+aims at _charitable_ provision for the weaknesses and infirmities of
+nature, but anticipates "harmony and friendship" among literary men, and
+"as little as possible on any system of exclusion." This is as it should
+be; but we fear the workings and conflicts of passion and interest are
+still too strong to admit of such harmony among the sons of genius.
+Authorship is becoming, if not already become, too much of a trade or
+craft to admit of such a pacificatory scheme: but the object of the
+association is one of the highest importance to literature, and we
+heartily wish it success.--ED. MIRROR.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
+
+
+Why are the English so fond of clubs, corporate bodies, joint-stock
+companies, and large associations of all kinds?--Because they are the
+most unsociable set of people in the world; for being mostly at variance
+with each other, they are glad to get any one else to join and be on
+their side; having no spontaneous attraction, they are forced to fasten
+themselves into the machine of society; and each holds out in his
+individual shyness and reserve, till he is carried away by the crowd,
+and borne with a violent, but welcome, shock against some other mass of
+aggregate prejudice or self-interest. The English join together to get
+rid of their sharp points and sense of uncomfortable peculiarity. Hence
+their clubs, their mobs, their sects, their parties, their spirit of
+co-operation, and previous understanding in every thing. An English mob
+is a collection of violent and headstrong humours, acting with double
+force from each man's natural self-will, and the sense of opposition to
+others; and the same may be said of the nation at large. The French
+unite and separate more easily; and therefore do not collect into such
+formidable masses, and act with such unity and tenacity of purpose. It
+is the same with their ideas, which easily join together, and easily
+part company, but do not form large or striking masses; and hence the
+French are full of wit and fancy, but without imagination or principle.
+The French are governed by fashion, the English by cabal. _London Weekly
+Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PROTESTANT BURIAL-GROUND AT ROME.
+
+
+The Cemeterio degli Inglesi, or the Protestant burial-ground, stretches
+calmly and beautifully below the Pyramid of Cestius. The site was
+admirably chosen,--nothing can be more poetically and religiously
+sepulchral than this most attractive spot. It is worth a thousand
+churches. No one can stand long there without feeling in full descent
+upon his spirit the very best influences of the grave. The rich, red,
+ruinous battlements of the city, broken only by the calm and solid unity
+of the Pyramid; the clustering foliage beginning to brown on the ancient
+towers of the entrance; the deep, still, blue sky; the fluttering leaves
+of the vines which floated around, as one by one they dropped from the
+branches; the freshness of the green mounds at my feet,--these and a
+thousand other features, fully felt at the time, but untranslateable to
+writing, conveyed precisely that philosophy of Death which the poet and
+sculptor have more than once attempted to breathe over their most
+enchanting works, and which here seems an emanation from every object
+which you feel or see. I would place in this spot their Genius of
+Repose, that beautiful statue which joins its hands indolently on its
+head, and casts its melancholy eyes for ever towards the earth; that
+statue, so beautiful that it has been often confounded with the Grecian
+Eros, or the Celestial Love, and is, in itself, the best type of the
+messenger who is one day to lead us gently from the heat and toils of
+this world, into the coolness and tranquillity of the next. Every thing
+here is in unison with these thoughts. At a few paces distant from the
+Pyramid, and adjoining the wall, the Cippi and funeral Soroi of the
+Strangers are to be seen. The bright verdure and the bright marbles, the
+classical purity of the monuments, the desert air, the austere solemnity
+of every thing about me, came with new force upon my imagination. I
+walked slowly amongst the tombs, and tried to decipher the inscriptions.
+The dead are of various nations,--English, American, but principally
+German. Sometimes a cluster of cypresses shadowed the tomb--sometimes a
+fair flowering shrub had twined around it. The epitaphs were written
+with elegance always; at times with the deepest tenderness and beauty.
+Each had his short history, each his melancholy interest and adventure.
+Here was the man of science and literature, who came to lay down his
+head, after a painful and varied pilgrimage, in this City of the Soul. A
+Humboldt was buried here; a Thorwalsden yet may. Here reposes clay too
+finely tempered for the unkindnesses of mankind--Keats lies near;--a
+little farther is one who, on the point of quitting Rome to rejoin an
+affectionate family after a too long absence, full of the anticipations
+of the traveller and of youth, is thrown from his carriage at a mile's
+distance from the city, and never quits Rome more;--beside him is an
+only child, whom the sun of Italy could not save;--and next, one who
+perished suddenly, like Miss Bathurst, in the very bud and bloom of
+existence,--or another, who died away, day after day, in the embraces of
+her parents, and now rests in the midst of the beautiful in vain. The
+graceful lines of Petrarch are inscribed on the sarcophagus--they are
+full of feeling and the country, and make one pause and dream:--
+
+  "Non come fiamma, che per forza è spenta,
+  Ma che per se medesma si consuma,
+  Se n'andĂ² in pace, l'anima contenta."
+
+No epitaph could be better. _New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+QUACKS
+
+
+Have nearly the same interest as knaves in concealing their ignorance
+and frauds, and for the most part regard with the same fear and
+detestation the instrument which unmasks their pretensions. This must be
+understood with some qualification, because the exposure of ignorance
+and fraud is not always sufficient to open the eyes, and enlighten the
+understandings, of mankind. Some perverse dupes are not to be reasoned
+out of their infatuation; they had rather hug the impostor, than confess
+the cheat; and quacks, speculating upon this infirmity of human nature,
+will sometimes court even an infamous notoriety.--_Lancet._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANECDOTES OF THE MARVELLOUS.
+
+
+_Charming away the Hooping Cough._
+
+An English lady, the wife of an officer, accompanied her husband to
+Dublin not very long ago, when his regiment was ordered to that station.
+She engaged an Irish girl as nurse-maid in her family; and, a short time
+after her arrival, was astonished by an urgent request from this damsel,
+to permit her to _charm_ little miss from _ever_ having the
+hooping-cough, (then prevailing in Dublin). The lady inquired how this
+_charming_ business was performed; and not long after had, in walking
+through the streets, many times the pleasure of witnessing the process,
+which is simply this:--An ass is brought before the door of a house,
+into whose mouth a piece of bread is introduced; and the child being
+passed three times over and under the animal's body, the charm is
+completed; and of its efficacy in preventing the spread of a very
+distressing, and sometimes fatal disorder, the lower class of Irish are
+_certain_.
+
+_The Legend of Hell Mary Hill._
+
+Not many miles from Sheffield, as I was told by one who resided near the
+place, there is a forest; and in an out-of-the-way part of it, a hill,
+tolerably high, covered with wood, and vulgarly called Hell Mary Hill,
+though probably this is a name corrupted from one more innocent or holy.
+Near the top of it is a cave, containing, it is _said_, a chest of
+money,--a great iron chest, _so_ full, that when the sun shines bright
+upon it, the gold can be seen through the key-hole; but it has never yet
+been stolen, because, in the first place, a huge black cat (and wherever
+a black cat is there is mischief, you may be sure) guards the treasure,
+which bristles up, and, fixing a _gashful_ gaze on the would-be
+marauder, with fiery eyes, seems ready to devour him if he approach
+within a dozen yards of the cave; and, secondly, whenever this creature
+is off guard, (and it has occasionally been seen in a neighbouring
+village,) and the treasure has been attempted to be withdrawn from its
+tomb, no mortal rope has been able to sustain its weight, each that has
+been tried invariably breaking when the coffer was at the very mouth of
+the cave; which, being endowed with the gift of locomotion, has
+immediately retrograded into its pristine situation! I have mentioned
+this tradition, as it was told to me, because it is so curiously
+coincident with the German superstition of treasure buried within the
+Hartz mountains, guarded, and ever disappointing the cupidity of those
+who would discover and possess themselves of it.
+
+
+_Fairy Loaves._
+
+Being lately in Norfolk, I discovered that the rustics belonging to the
+part of it in which I was staying, particularly regarded a kind of
+fossil-stone, which much resembled a sea-egg petrified, and was found
+frequently in the flinty gravel of that county. They esteemed such
+stones sacred to the elfin train, and termed them fairy loaves,
+forbearing to touch them, lest misfortunes should come upon them for the
+sacrilege. An old woman told me, that as she was trudging home one night
+from her field-work, she took up one of these fossils, and was going to
+carry it home with her; but was soon obliged to drop it, and take to her
+heels as quick as might be, from hearing a wrathful voice exclaim,
+though she saw nobody, "Give me my loaf! Give me back my loaf, I
+say!"--_New London Literary Gazette_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+
+HOGARTH'S MARRIAGE-A-LA-MODE.
+
+
+Hogarth's admirable series of pictures, entitled _Marriage-Ă -la-mode_,
+were at first slightly treated by the public, at which the artist was
+greatly incensed. Being in want of money, he was at length obliged to
+dispose of them to Mr. Lane, of Hillington, for one hundred and twenty
+guineas. The pictures being in good frames, which cost Hogarth four
+guineas a piece, his remuneration for painting this valuable series was
+but a few shillings more than one hundred pounds. On the demise of Mr.
+Lane, they became the property of his nephew, Colonel Cawthorn, who very
+highly valued them. In the year 1797 they were sold by auction, at
+Christie's, Pall Mall, for the sum of one thousand guineas; the liberal
+purchaser being the late Mr. Angerstein. They now belong to government,
+and are the most attractive objects in the National Gallery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMPTON COURT PALACE.
+
+
+The gardens and park, which are three miles in circumference, appear to
+me to be above all competition. As you enter, you are struck with the
+majestic beauty of the trees, and the fine gravel walks. As you advance,
+the fountains and statues demand your admiration; particularly the
+famous _Gladiator_, which was brought from Rome. While in the gardens,
+the statues of Flora, Ceres, Pomona, and Diana, placed on the west front
+of the building, are seen to much advantage.
+
+The magnificent palace was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey, and
+consists of three principal quadrangles. Here Cromwell resided, and it
+was the favourite residence of William and Mary. It is chiefly built of
+brick, and is very capacious, more so than any other royal palace in the
+British empire. Arriving at the great entrance, you almost seem as if
+you were about to enter a fairy castle. The floor of the hall is laid
+out in beautiful square slabs of marble, and a staircase of the same
+material leads you to the upper apartments, which contain pictures and
+numerous curiosities.
+
+Among the fine paintings, I shall notice a few, which appear to me as
+being perfect master-pieces. But I must first take the liberty of saying
+a word or two about the _gentleman_ who conducts you through the rooms
+to _explain_ the several pictures. When I had the pleasure of being with
+him, his hair was powdered, and he carried a silver-headed cane. He
+hurried me through the rooms, filling my ears with such gibberish as
+this:--"That ere picture, sir, up there, was painted, five hundred years
+ago, for William the Conqueror, by Wandyke."[4] This is no mean blunder
+in chronology!
+
+    [4] Sir Antony Vandyke, who died about the year 1640.
+
+There is a fine portrait of _William the Third on horseback_, of the
+size of life, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the horse is painted in a side
+view, and has a good effect. There are eight fine female portraits of
+distinguished personages, by the same hand, in the highest state of
+preservation.
+
+_Bandinella, the Sculptor_, by Corregio, is a most beautiful portrait.
+The face of the sculptor is full of vivid expression, and the gold chain
+about his neck is almost a deception. This painting, and a _Holy
+Family_, are all we find of the great Corregio at Hampton Court.
+
+_Charles the First_, on horseback, by Sir A. Vandyke, is certainly much
+superior to the portrait of William, mentioned above. As a painter, Sir
+Godfrey cannot be ranked with Vandyke, though, I believe, the former
+considered himself much higher in the arts than the latter. The picture
+before us is an admirable specimen of Vandyke's powers.
+
+_George the Third_, likewise on horseback, reviewing his troops on
+Hounslow Heath, by Sir William Beechey, R.A. This picture is
+unquestionably one of Sir William's best productions, and does honour to
+the fine arts of this country. With the above portraits, there are
+others by West, &c., which possess considerable merit.
+
+There are, also, several choice specimens of Titian, Holbein, and
+Domenichino; with a few cabinet pictures in the Dutch school, by
+Teniers, Ostade, &c. In this palace are Raphael's celebrated cartoons,
+which are too _well_ known to need describing in this place. G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A BALLAD SINGER.
+
+
+_A Ballad-Singer_ is a town-crier for the advertising of lost tunes.
+Hunger hath made him a wind-instrument; his want is vocal, and not he.
+His voice had gone a-begging before he took it up, and applied it to the
+same trade; it was too strong to hawk mackerel, but was just soft enough
+for "Robin Adair." His business is to make popular songs unpopular,--he
+gives the air, like a weather-cock, with many variations. As for a key,
+he has but one--a latch-key--for all manner of tunes; and as they are to
+pass current amongst the lower sorts of people, he makes his notes like
+a country banker's, as thick as he can. His tones have a copper sound,
+for he sounds for copper; and for the musical divisions he hath no
+regard, but sings on, like a kettle, without taking any heed of the
+bars. Before beginning he clears his pipe with gin; and is always hoarse
+from the thorough draft in his throat. He hath but one shake, and that
+is in winter. His voice sounds flat, from flatulence; and he fetches
+breath, like a drowning kitten, whenever he can. Notwithstanding all
+this, his music gains ground, for it walks with him from end to end of
+the street. He is your only performer that requires not many entreaties
+for a song; for he will chant, without asking, to a street cur, or a
+parish post. His only backwardness is to a stave after dinner, seeing
+that he never dines; for he sings for bread, and though corn has ears,
+sings very commonly in vain. As for his country, he is an Englishman,
+that by his birthright may sing whether he can or not. To conclude, he
+is reckoned passable in the city, but is not so good off the
+stones.--_Whims and Oddities. Second series._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOYAGE UP THE MISSISSIPPI.
+
+
+On leaving New Orleans, in ascending the river, the country, still the
+same continuous flat, is enriched and enlivened by a succession of
+pretty houses and plantations, with each a small negro town near them,
+as well as the sugar-houses, gardens, and summer-houses, which give the
+idea of wealth and industry. For sixty miles the banks present the
+appearance of one continued village skirted with plantations of cotton,
+sugar-cane, and rice, for about two miles from the river, bounded in the
+rear, by the uncultivated swamps and woods. The boat proceeds
+continually near the shore on one side or the other, and attracts the
+inhabitants to the front of their neat houses, placed amidst orange
+groves, and shaded with vines and beautiful evergreens. I was surprised
+to see the swarms of children of all colours that issued from these
+abodes. In infancy, the progeny of the slave, and that of his master,
+seem to know no distinction; they mix in their sports, and appear as
+fond of each other as the brothers and sisters of one family; but in
+activity, life, joy, and animal spirits, the little negro, unconscious
+of his future situation seems to me to enjoy more pleasure in this
+period of existence, than his pale companions. The sultry climate of
+Louisiana, perhaps, is more congenial to the African constitution, than
+to that of the European.
+
+The next morning we arrived at Baton Rouge, 127 miles on our journey; a
+pretty little town, on the east side, and the first rising ground we had
+seen, being delightfully situated on a gradual acclivity, from which is
+a fine view of the surrounding flats. The fine barracks close to it,
+contain a few companies of troops. We here stopped to take in some
+ladies, who continued with us till the end of the voyage. To this place
+the leveé, or artificial banks, are continued on both sides of the river
+from New Orleans, without which the land would be continually
+overflowed. From this to Natches (232 miles,) the country is not
+interesting, consisting principally of dense forest and wilderness,
+impenetrable to the eye, diversified, however, by the various water fowl
+which the passing vessels disturb, in their otherwise solitary haunts,
+and by the number of black and grey squirrels leaping from branch to
+branch in the trees. The great blue kingfisher, which is common here, is
+so tame, as scarcely to move, as the boat passes, and we frequently saw,
+and passed close to large alligators, which generally appeared to be
+asleep, stretched on the half-floating logs. Several were fired at from
+the vessel, but none procured. One pair that I saw together, must have
+been each upwards of twelve feet long.
+
+Natches is a pleasantly situated town, or rather a steep hill, about
+half a mile from the landing place, where are many stores and public
+houses. The boat remained here an hour, and we ascended to the upper
+town, a considerable place, with a town-house, and several good streets
+and well-furnished shops, in which we purchased some books. This place
+exports much cotton, and the planters are said to be rich. It commands a
+fine prospect over the river and surrounding country. It has been tried
+as a summer residence by some of the inhabitants of New Orleans, but the
+scourges of this part of America (fever and ague) extend their ravages
+for more than 1000 miles higher up. A partial elevation of ground, in an
+unhealthy district, has been proved to be more pernicious, than even the
+level itself. From hence, to the junction of the Ohio, there is little
+to interest the stranger, excepting the diversity of wood and water. The
+ground rises in some places, though with little variety, till you pass
+the junction of the Ohio, 1253 miles from the sea. Shortly after
+entering the Ohio, the country begins to improve; you perceive the
+ground beginning to rise in the distance, and the bank occasionally to
+rear into small hills, which show their strata of stone, and rise into
+bluffs, projecting into the bends of the river, shutting it in, so as to
+produce the effect of sailing on a succession of the finest lakes,
+through magnificent woods, which momentarily changed their form, from
+the rapid motion of our boat. It was now full moon, and these scenes
+viewed during the clear nights, were indescribably beautiful.--
+_Bullock's Journey to New York_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IRISH TWINS.
+
+
+The Miss Mac Taafs were both on the ground, and both standing enough in
+profile, to give Lord Arranmore a full and perfect view of their figure,
+without being seen by them. His first opinion was, that they were
+utterly unchanged; and that like the dried specimens of natural history,
+they had bidden defiance to time. Tall, stately, and erect, their
+weather-beaten countenance and strongly marked features were neither
+faded nor fallen in. The deep red hue of a frosty and vigorous senility
+still coloured their unwrinkled faces. Their hair, well powdered and
+pomatumed, was drawn up by the roots from their high foreheads, over
+their lofty "systems;" and their long, lank necks rose like towers above
+their projecting busts; which, with their straight, sticky, tight-laced
+waists, terminating in the artificial rotundity of a half-dress
+bell-hoop, gave them the proportions of an hour-glass. They wore grey
+camlet riding habits, with large black Birmingham buttons (to mark the
+slight mourning for their deceased brother-in-law): while petticoats,
+fastened as pins did or did not their office, shewed more of the quilted
+marseilles and stuff beneath, than the precision of the toilet required:
+both of which, from their contact with the water of the bog, merited the
+epithet of "Slappersallagh," bestowed on their wearers by Terence
+O'Brien. Their habit-shirts, chitterlings, and cravats, though trimmed
+with Trawlee lace, seemed by their colour to evince that yellow starch,
+put out of fashion by the ruff of the murderous Mrs. Turner in England,
+was still to be had in Ireland. Their large, broad silver watches,
+pendant from their girdle by massy steel chains, showed that their
+owners took as little account of time as time had taken of them. "Worn
+for show, not use," they were still without those hands, which it had
+been in the contemplation of the Miss Mac Taafs to have replaced by the
+first opportunity, for the last five years. High-crowned black-beaver
+hats, with two stiff, upright, black feathers, that seemed to bridle
+like their wearers, and a large buckle and band, completed the costume
+of these venerable specimens of human architecture: the _tout ensemble_
+recalling to the nephew the very figures and dresses which had struck
+him with admiration and awe when first brought in from the Isles of
+Arran by his foster mother, to pay his duty to his aunts, and ask their
+blessing, eighteen years before. The Miss Mac Taafs, in their
+sixty-first year, (for they were twins,) might have sunk with safety ten
+or twelve years of their age. Their minds and persons were composed of
+that fibre which constitutes nature's veriest huckaback. Impressions
+fell lightly on both; and years and feelings alike left them unworn and
+uninjured.--_The O'Briens, and the O'Flahertys, by Lady Morgan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUTUMN.
+
+BY JOHN CLARE.
+
+
+  Me it delights, in mellow Autumn tide,
+    To mark the pleasaunce that mine eye surrounds:
+  The forest-trees like coloured posies pied:
+    The upland's mealy grey, and russet grounds;
+  Seeking for joy, where joyaunce most abounds;
+    Not found, I ween, in courts and halls of pride,
+  Where folly feeds, or flattery's sighs and sounds,
+    And with sick heart, but seemeth to be merry:
+  True pleasaunce is with humble food supplied;
+    Like shepherd swain, who plucks the brambleberry.
+  With savoury appetite, from hedge-row briars,
+    Then drops content on molehills' sunny side;
+  Proving, thereby, low joys and small desires
+    Are easiest fed, and soonest satisfied.
+                              _The Amulet._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+    "I am but a _Gatherer_ and disposer of other men's
+    stuff,"--_Wotton_.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HOLY WATER.
+
+
+A friend of mine (says Mr. Lambert, in his Travels,) was once present at
+the house of a French lady in Canada, when a violent thunder storm
+commenced. The shutters were immediately closed, and the room darkened.
+The lady of the house, not willing to leave the safety of herself and
+company to chance, began to search her closets for the bottle of holy
+water, which, by a sudden flash of lightning, she fortunately found. The
+bottle was uncorked, and its contents immediately sprinkled over the
+ladies and gentlemen. It was a most dreadful storm, and lasted a
+considerable time; she therefore redoubled her sprinklings and
+benedictions at every clap of thunder or flash of lightning. At length
+the storm abated, and the party were providentially saved from its
+effects; which the good lady attributed solely to the precious water.
+But when the shutters were opened, and the light admitted, the company
+found, to the destruction of their white gowns and muslin handkerchiefs;
+their coats, waistcoats, and breeches, that instead of holy water, the
+pious lady had sprinkled them with _ink_. W.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUID PRO QUO.
+
+
+Louis XVIII. asked the Duke of Wellington familiarly, how old he was;
+the latter replied, "Sire, I was born in the year 1768." "And so was
+Buonaparte," rejoined the king; "Providence owed us this compensation."
+C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAUTICAL EPITAPHS.
+
+
+In the west part of Fife, in the churchyard of the village of Torryburn,
+part of an epitaph remains, which deserves notice. A part was very
+absurdly erased by the owner of the burying ground, to make way for the
+names of some of his kindred. The whole epitaph formerly stood thus:
+
+  At anchor now, in Death's dark road,
+    Rides honest Captain Hill,
+  Who served his king, and feared his God,
+    With upright heart and will:
+  In social life, sincere and just,
+    To vice of no kind given;
+  So that his better part, we trust,
+     Hath made the Port of Heaven.
+
+Another, in the parish of Duffus (Morayshire), runs thus:
+
+  Though Eolus' blasts and Neptune's waves have toss'd me to and
+    fro,
+  Yet now, at last, by Heaven's decree, I harbour here below;
+  Where at anchor I do lie, with others of our fleet,
+  Till the last trump do raise us up our Admiral Christ to meet.
+                                                 CHARLES STUART.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON A DRUNKEN COBBLER.
+
+
+  Enclosed within this narrow stall,
+  Lies one who was a friend to _awl_;
+  He saved bad _souls_ from getting worse,
+  But d----n'd his own without remorse;
+  And tho' a drunken life he pass'd,
+  Yet say'd _his soul_, by _mending at the last!_ E.L.I.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WATER GRUEL.
+
+
+In an old paper, dated Friday, 13th Aug. 1695, is the following curious
+advertisement:--
+
+"At the marine coffee-house, in Birchin-lane, is water-gruel to be sold
+every morning from six till eleven of the clock. 'Tis not yet thoroughly
+known; but there comes such company as drinks usually four or five
+gallons in a morning." G.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A clergyman being on the road to his country living, (to which he pays
+an annual visit,) was stopped by a friend, who asked him where he could
+be going so far from town,--"Like other people," replied he, "to my
+parish." C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE LETTER C.
+
+
+Curious coincidences respecting the letter C, as connected with the
+lamented Princess Charlotte.
+
+Her mother's name was Caroline, her own name was Charlotte; that of her
+consort Coburg; she was married at Carlton house; her town residence was
+at Camelford house, the late owner of which Lord Camelford, was untimely
+killed in a duel; her country residence, Claremont, not long ago the
+property of Lord Clive, who ended his days by suicide; she died in
+Childbed, the name of her accoucheur being Croft. C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GIVING AND TAKING.
+
+(_From the French_.)
+
+
+  "I never give a kiss (says Prue)
+    To naughty man, for I abhor it."
+  She will not _give_ a kiss, 'tis true;
+     She'll _take_ one though, and thank you for it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY.
+
+
+This amiable man told me that his affecting song, "When my money was
+gone," &c. was suggested by the real story of a sailor, who came to beg
+money while Carey was breakfasting, with an open window, at the
+beautiful inn at Stoney Cross, in the New Forest.
+
+He also declared that his father, Henry Carey, wrote the song of "God
+save the King," in the house in Hatton-Garden, which has a stone
+bracket, a few doors from the Police-office.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[In No. 282 of The MIRROR, we omitted our acknowledgment to a
+well-executed illustrative work (now in course of publication), intitled
+"London in the Nineteenth Century," of which our artist availed himself
+for his View of _Hanover Terrace_, Regent's Park. The drawing in the
+above work is by Mr. T.H. Shepherd; and the literary department (of
+which we did not avail ourselves) is by Mr. Elmes, author of "the Life
+of Sir Christopher Wren."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_.
+
+Now publishing in numbers, price 3d. each, Embellished with Engravings
+on Steel, The BEAUTIES of SCOTT, forming the second of a Series of
+
+_ELEGANT EXTRACTS_.
+
+VOL. I. comprises The BEAUTIES of BYRON, embellished with Four
+Engravings, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.
+
+VOL. II. comprises The BEAUTIES of WAVERLEY, GUY MANNERING, and IVANHOE,
+embellished with Engravings on Steel, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or
+half-bound, 4s. 6d.
+
+"The BEAUTIES are selected with great skill, and a nice perception of
+the excellencies of the author, and altogether compose a most attractive
+volume."--_Weekly Times_.
+
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. in boards, half-bound, 8s.
+
+The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES. Price only 7s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound 9s.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED Price 5s.
+boards.
+
+The MICROCOSM. Price 2s. or in boards, 2s. 6d By the Rt. Hon. G.
+CANNING, M.P. and other Writers, with a Memoir and Two Portraits.
+
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11388 ***
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+</head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11388 ***</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page361" name="page361"></a>[pg
+361]</span>
+<h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+OF<br />
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+<hr class="full" />
+<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><b>Vol. 10. No. 285].</b></td>
+<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1827</b></td>
+<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>CASTLE OF THE SEVEN TOWERS AT CONSTANTINOPLE</h2>
+<div class="figure" style="width:80%;"><a href=
+"images/285-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/285-1.png" alt=
+"Castle of the Seven Towers" /></a></div>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>1. Triumphal Arch of Constantine.</p>
+<p>2. First Tower of the Pentagon.</p>
+<p>3. First Marble Tower.</p>
+<p>4. Second Marble Tower.</p>
+<p>5. Angle of the Pentagon with the fallen Tower.</p>
+<p>6. Double Tower.</p>
+<p>7. Dedecagonal tower.</p>
+<p>8. Square Tower of entrance to the Prison.</p>
+<p>9. Round Tower falling to decay.</p>
+<p>10. House of the Aga, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>11. Garden of the Aga's House.</p>
+<p>12. Cemetery of the Martyrs.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The celebrity of the <i>Seven Towers</i> in European countries,
+though strongly savouring of romance, is no joke&mdash;it being the
+<i>prison</i> where the Turks confine the ministers and ambassadors
+of the powers with whom they are at war. At the present moment this
+engraving will doubtless be acceptable to our readers; especially
+to such of our City friends as have recently been induced to
+speculate on the heads of ambassadors of the allied powers; and a
+few days since it might have served as a scale for their
+<i>wagering</i> the "price of blood."</p>
+<p>With the early account of this castle we shall be brief. It is
+cited in the history of the lower empire from the sixth century of
+the Christian era, as a point which served for the defence of
+Constantinople. The embrasures of some of its towers, as well as of
+the towers that flank the ramparts of the town from the southern
+angle of the castle to the sea, blackened as is supposed by the
+Greek fire, announce that it was the principal bulwark of the city
+on the side of the Propontis, in the latter times of the empire. In
+1453, Mahomet II., after an obstinate siege, gained possession of
+Constantinople and the Castle of the Seven Towers, fear opening to
+him one of the gates of the latter. The Turks relate that 12,000
+men perished in this siege; and the marks of the ravages of the
+artillery are still visible, for, as usual, the conqueror did not
+concern himself about repairs. Since that time the place has been
+the arena of many remarkable events, among which was the tragical
+murder of the caliph Osman the Second. This has been followed up by
+many bloody executions; and at every turn gloomy sentiments, and
+the proud names of Turks and Greek princes, inscribed on the walls,
+speak the sad fate of those by whose hands they were traced. Towers
+filled with irons, chains, ancient arms, tombs, ruins, dungeons,
+cold and silent vaults, a pit called <i>the well of blood</i>,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page362" name="page362"></a>[pg
+362]</span> the funeral cry of owls and of vultures, mingled with
+the roar of the waves&mdash;such are the objects and sounds with
+which the eye and ear are familiarized in these dreary abodes,
+according to poor Ponqueville, the traveller, who speaks from
+experience&mdash;<i>within the walls.</i> All this is a sorry
+picture for the</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"&mdash;Gentlemen of England,</p>
+<p>Who live at home at ease."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>But the <i>state purposes</i> to which the <i>Seven Towers</i>
+are appropriated boast of comparative comfort, "the prisoners
+detained here being distinguished from all other prisoners of war
+by an allowance for the table which is assigned them by the sultan,
+and by the appellation of <i>mouzafirs</i>, or hostages.<a id=
+"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> It may, indeed," continues our
+traveller, "be considered as a great favour to be regarded in this
+light, comparing their situation with that of others, who fall into
+captivity among the Turks." Moreover, this castle is dignified as
+<i>an imperial fortress</i>, and governed by an aga with a guard
+and a band of music. Indeed, we suppose it a sort of lock-up house
+preparatory to more rigorous confinement; and its governorship is a
+peaceable and honourable post. The Turks who compose the garrison
+of the Seven Towers have, in the first place, the advantage of
+being esteemed persons of a certain distinction in their quarter;
+and, secondly, they are exempted from going out to war, to which
+every Musselman is liable.</p>
+<p>This castle stands at the eastern extremity of the Propontis, or
+Sea of Marmara; it is a tolerably regular pentagon, four out of the
+five angles of which are flanked by towers; the fifth angle had
+also a tower, but it exists no longer. Its principal front is
+towards the west, and has, besides the tower at one of the angles,
+two others, which stand on each side the ancient triumphal arch of
+Constantine. The gate of entrance to the Seven Towers on the side
+of the town is to the east, in a small square. The longest side of
+the pentagon is that in which Constantine's arch is included; while
+towers existed at all the angles, this side presented a front of
+four towers; but it has now only three. The first marble tower is
+an enormous mass, between eighty and ninety feet high.</p>
+<p>The triumphal arch of Constantine, which occupies the centre
+between the two marble towers, conducts to the golden gate in the
+exterior enclosure of the castle. The arch was more than ninety
+feet in height; but it has been so much injured by artillery, that
+no idea can now be formed of its ornaments. In the second marble
+tower is the <i>Cave of Blood</i>: the first door by which it is
+entered is of wood; this opens into a corridor of twelve feet long
+by four feet wide, having at the end two iron steps ascending to an
+iron door, and this leads into a semicircular gallery; at its
+furthest extremity is a second iron door, which completes the
+gallery, and ten feet further an immense massive door enclosing the
+dungeon. In the midst of this sarcophagus is a well, the mouth of
+which is level with the ground, and half closed by two flag-stones;
+to this is given the name of the <i>well of blood</i>, because the
+heads of those who are executed in the dungeon are thrown into it.
+In the same tower with this dungeon is a staircase leading up to a
+number of cells; from some of them, which are higher than the
+ramparts, the eye may be gratified with a view over Constantinople
+through loop-holes pierced in the walls. Here the Turks formerly
+used to confine those whom they call <i>mouzafirs</i>, or hostages;
+but the latter have now the choice allowed them of hiring more
+eligible apartments.</p>
+<p>The first enclosure of the Seven Towers is inhabited chiefly by
+poor Turks, who have houses, and live there with their families.
+They also belong to the guard of the castle.</p>
+<p>The air of the Seven Towers is in general unwholesome, and very
+likely to produce scrofula. In the summer the walls, heated by the
+sun, transform the place into a furnace; and the apartments on the
+first floor are at all times extremely damp.</p>
+<p>Our engraving, aided by the subjoined references, will, however,
+enable our readers to form an accurate idea of the topography of
+the <i>Seven Towers</i>. It is copied from the Travels of M.
+Ponqueville, who devotes a chapter of his quarto volume to a minute
+description of towers, gardens, and fortresses. Nothing can exceed
+the horror with which his catalogue of their miseries is calculated
+to impress the reader; indeed, they fall but little short of some
+of the highly-wrought fictions of barbarous romance.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES FOR DECEMBER, 1827.</h3>
+<h4>(For the Mirror.)</h4>
+<p>The sun enters the cardinal and tropical sign <i>Capricorn</i>
+on the 22nd, attaining his greatest austral declination at 1h. 31m.
+afternoon.</p>
+<p>The moon is in opposition on the 3rd; in apogee on the 6th, and
+in conjunction and perigee on the 18th.</p>
+<p>Mercury is in perihelion on the 1st, becomes <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page363" name="page363"></a>[pg 363]</span>
+stationary on the 9th, and reaches his greatest elongation on the
+19th, when he may be seen before sunrise, as well as a few
+preceding and succeeding mornings; be rises on the abovementioned
+day at 6h. 8m.</p>
+<p>Venus is in aphelio on the 18th, and in conjunction with the
+planet Herschel on the 28th at 9 h. evening; she sets on the 1st at
+4 h. 48 m., and on the 31st at 5-1/2 h. evening.</p>
+<p>Mars rises on the 1st at 3h, 14m., and on the 31st at 2 h. 46 m.
+morning.</p>
+<p>Jupiter rises on the 1st at 4 h. 39 m. and on the 31st at 3h.
+morning; he has now receded far enough from the sun to render the
+eclipses of his nearest moon visible; the first immersion will take
+place on the 3rd at 6 h. 39 m. 4 s. morning; the next on the 19th
+at 4 h. 54 m. 42 s. morning, and the last on the 26th at 6 h. 48 m.
+14 s. morning, those being the only ones that happen during the
+month.</p>
+<p>Saturn who commenced retrograding on the 2nd, last month, in 20
+deg. 18m. of <i>Cancer</i>, will on the 31st have reached 17 deg.
+26 m. of the same sign, and will be found a few degrees below the
+star <i>Pollux</i> in the constellation <i>Gemini</i>, rising on
+the 1st at 6h. 49m., and on the 31st at 4 h. 27 m. evening.</p>
+<p>Herschel culminates on the 1st at 3 h. 23m., and on the 31st at
+1 h. 17 m.</p>
+<p><i>Fomalhaut</i> in Pisces, a star of the first magnitude, and
+very much resembling the planet Saturn, (except that its light is
+not so steady,) will be observed only a few degrees above the
+horizon in the south west, coming to the meridian at 6 h. 19 m.
+evening; <i>Markal</i> in the wing of Pegasus, the flying horse at
+6 h. 26 m. <i>Alpheratz</i> and <i>Mirach</i>, the former in the
+head, and the latter in the girdle, of Andromeda at 7 h. 31 m. and
+8 h. 31 m. <i>Menkar</i> in the jaw of <i>Cetus</i> the whale at 10
+h. 24 m.; the four preceding are of the second magnitude. The
+<i>Pleiades</i> south at 11 h. 8m., and <i>Aldebaran</i> in Taurus,
+generally called the Bull's Eye, a brilliant star of the first
+magnitude at 11 h. 56 m.; the upper or northern portion of the
+constellation <i>Orion</i> at 12-1/2 h., and the lower or southern
+part at 1 h. morning.</p>
+<p>These remarks cannot be better concluded, than by calling the
+attention of the readers of the MIRROR to the unerring regularity
+of the motion of the heavenly bodies. Though their magnitude is so
+immense, the certainty and correctness of their movements during
+thousands of years, is far more exact than that of the best
+chronometer ever made, even during a single year: how great, then,
+must be the ignorance of him who does not behold in them the
+Almighty ruler of all things; and how great the folly of him, who
+says in his heart, and evinces by his conduct that he believes
+there is no God. And let him who denies what he cannot comprehend,
+be addressed in the impressive language of holy writ, "Canst thou
+bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of
+Orion? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst
+thou guide Arcturus with his Sons?" 14<i>th November</i>, 1827.
+PASCHE.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>COLD WINTER IS COMING.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;take care of your toes&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Gay Zephyr has folded his fan;</p>
+<p>His lances are couch'd in the ice-wind that blows,</p>
+<p class="i2">So mail up as warm as you can.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;he's ready to start</p>
+<p class="i2">From his home on the mountains afar;</p>
+<p>He is shrunken and pale&mdash;he looks froze to the heart,</p>
+<p class="i2">And snow-wreaths embellish his car.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;Hark! did ye not hear</p>
+<p class="i2">The blast which his herald has blown?</p>
+<p>The children of Nature all trembled in fear,</p>
+<p class="i2">For to them is his power made known.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;there breathes not a flower,</p>
+<p class="i2">Though sometimes the day may pass fair!</p>
+<p>The soft lute is removed from the lady's lorn bower,</p>
+<p class="i2">Lest it coldly be touched by the air.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;all stript are the groves,</p>
+<p class="i2">The passage-bird hastens away;</p>
+<p>To the lovely blue South, like the tourist, he roves,</p>
+<p class="i2">And returns like the sunshine in May.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;he'll breathe on the
+stream&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And the bane of his petrific breath</p>
+<p>Will seal up the waters; till, in the moon-beam.</p>
+<p class="i2">They lie stirless, as slumber or death!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming, and soon shall we see</p>
+<p class="i2">On the panes, by that genius Jack Frost,</p>
+<p>Fine drawings of mountain, stream, tower, an tree&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Framed and glazed too, without any cost.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;-ye delicate fair,</p>
+<p class="i2">Take care when your hyson you sip;&mdash;</p>
+<p>Drink it quick, and don't talk, lest he come unaware,</p>
+<p class="i2">And turn it to ice on your lip.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;I charge you again&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Muffle warm&mdash;of the tyrant beware&mdash;</p>
+<p>He's so brave, that to strike the young hero he's
+fain&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">He's so told he'll not favour the fair.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;I've said so before&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">It seems I've not much else to say;</p>
+<p>Yes, Winter is coming, and God help the poor!</p>
+<p class="i2">I wish it was going away,</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><i>Nov 5th 1827.</i> C. COLE.</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page364" name="page364"></a>[pg
+364]</span>
+<h3>NAUTICAL PHRASES.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<p>Sir,&mdash;The annexed <i>Definition</i> of Nautical, Names,
+&amp;c. will not, I dare say, to most of your readers, be
+uninteresting. G.W.N.</p>
+<p><i>The Starboard</i> is the right side of the ship, as the
+<i>lar</i>-board is the left.</p>
+<p><i>The Parrel</i> is a movable band-rope, used to fasten the
+yard to its respective mast.</p>
+<p><i>Backstays</i> are long ropes, reaching from the right and
+left sides of the vessel to the mast heads.</p>
+<p><i>Travellers</i> are slight iron rings, encircling the
+backstays, and are used for hoisting the top-gallant yards, and
+confining them to the backstays.</p>
+<p><i>Rolling-tackle</i> is a number of pulleys, engaged to confine
+the yard to the weather side of the mast; this tackle is much used
+in a rough sea.</p>
+<p><i>Booms</i> are masts or yards, lying on board in reserve.</p>
+<p><i>The Courses</i> are the mainsail, foresail, and the
+mizen.</p>
+<p><i>The Staysail</i> is of a triangular form, running upon the
+fore-topmast-stay, just above the bowsprit.</p>
+<p><i>Reef-tackles</i> are ropes employed in the operation of
+reefing. &amp;c.</p>
+<p><i>Clue-lines</i> are used to truss up the clues, or to lower
+the corners of the largest sails.</p>
+<p><i>The Brake</i> is the handle of the pump, by which it is
+worked.</p>
+<p><i>Bowlines</i> are ropes for keeping the windward edge of the
+sail steady.</p>
+<p><i>The Wells</i> are places in the ship's hold for the pumps,
+&amp;c.</p>
+<p><i>Earings</i> are small lines, by which the uppermost corners
+of the largest sails are secured to the yard-arms.</p>
+<p><i>Reefs</i> are spaces by which the principal sails are reduced
+when the wind is too high, and enlarged again when its force
+abates.</p>
+<p><i>Topsails</i> are long and square, of the second degree in
+magnitude in all great ships.</p>
+<p><i>Haliards</i> are single ropes, by which the sails are hoisted
+up and lowered at pleasure.</p>
+<p><i>Tally</i> is the operation of hauling aft the <i>sheets</i>,
+or drawing them in the direction of the ship's stern.</p>
+<p><i>Towing</i> is the operation of drawing a vessel forward by
+means of long lines, &amp;c.</p>
+<p><i>Timoneer</i>, from the French <i>timonnier</i>, is a name
+given, on particular occasions, to the steersman of a ship.</p>
+<p><i>Bars</i> are large masses of sand or earth, formed by the
+surge of the sea; they are mostly found at the entrances of great
+rivers or havens, and often render navigation extremely
+dangerous.</p>
+<p><i>The Ox-Eye</i>, so called by seamen, is a remarkable
+appearance in the heavens, resembling a small lurid speck, and
+always precedes two particular storms, known only between the
+tropics.</p>
+<p><i>Azimuth-Compass</i> is an instrument employed for
+ascertaining the sun's magnetical azimuth.</p>
+<p><i>Studding-Sails</i> are long and narrow, and are used only in
+fine weather, on the outside of the large square sails.</p>
+<p><i>Stay-Sails</i> have three corners, and are hoisted up on the
+stays when the wind crosses the ship.</p>
+<p><i>Broaching-to</i> is a sudden movement in navigation, when the
+ship, while scudding before the wind, accidentally turns her side
+to windward.</p>
+<p><i>Wales</i> are a number of strong and thick planks, covering
+the lower part of the ship's side.</p>
+<p><i>Scud</i> is a name given by sailors to the lowest clouds;
+which are mostly observed in squally weather.</p>
+<p><i>The Sheets</i> are ropes used for extending the clues, or
+lowering the corners of the sails.</p>
+<p><i>Brails</i> are ropes used to truss up a sail to a mast or
+yard.</p>
+<p><i>Reef-Bands</i> are long pieces of rough canvass sewed across
+the sails to give them additional strength.</p>
+<p><i>Scudding</i> is a term applied to a vessel when carried
+furiously along by a tempest.</p>
+<p><i>Leeward</i> implies when the ship lies on that side to which
+the wind is directed.</p>
+<p><i>Windbound</i> means when the ship is detained in one
+particular station by contrary winds.</p>
+<p><i>Windward</i> is when the ship is in the direction of the
+wind.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>CHRONICLES OF THE CANONGATE.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<p>Sir,&mdash;Since my last communication to you on the subject of
+the works, so commonly spoken of as by the "Great
+Unknown"&mdash;"the Wizard of the North," and other equally
+<i>novel cognomina</i>, the veil has been withdrawn; we now have
+the open avowal, both from his own lips, and under his own hand, of
+the authorship from the individual himself, who has so long, and,
+as it now appears, so justly, enjoyed the reputation of having
+written them.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page365" name="page365"></a>[pg
+365]</span>
+<p>To judge from what he says in the second volume of "the
+Chronicles of the Canongate," just published&mdash;I mean in the
+character of Mr. Croftangry,&mdash;it is clear that he is conscious
+of such slips and carelessness as I have before pointed out. I am
+therefore at a loss to understand why he should allow them to
+remain like spots that deface the general beauty of his
+productions, as by submitting them for perusal to the merest Tyro
+in grammar or composition before they were sent to press, they
+could not fail of being obliterated.</p>
+<p>It is surely no very good policy for an artist, jealous of his
+reputation, knowingly to leave his works unfinished. Without,
+however, detaining you, or your readers, by such obvious remarks, I
+shall resume my task, hoping that you will be able to find room for
+the following in your useful and entertaining miscellany.</p>
+<p>In the first volume, p. 168, of the present work, we read: "She
+was once the beautiful and happy wife of Hamish Mac Tavish, <i>for
+whom his</i> strength and feats of prowess gained <i>him</i> the
+title of Mac Tavish Mhor." This kind of style would scarcely be
+allowed to pass in Leadenhall-street. What is meant by <i>for
+whom</i>, with <i>his</i> immediately following, and then
+<i>him</i> a little after? Does not the author intend to say, that
+the strength, &amp;c. of Mac Tavish gained him the title of Mac
+Tavish Mhor? If so, (and there can be no doubt of it from the
+context,) then he should have written the sentence thus:
+"<i>whose</i> strength and feats of prowess had gained him the
+title of Mac Tavish Mhor."</p>
+<p>"He gained the road, mounted his pony, and rode upon his way,"
+p. 183 of the same volume, is, in the latter part of it, another
+curious phrase. "He mounted his pony," says the author. May we not
+suppose he rode <i>upon it</i> too? But he adds "<i>rode upon his
+way</i>."</p>
+<p>Again: "His reputed grandfather with his pockets stuffed out
+with Bank notes, would come to atone for his past cruelty, by
+<i>heaping his neglected grandchild</i> with unexpected wealth,"
+vol. 2., p. 87. We <i>heap up</i> wealth, but not <i>persons
+with</i> it, for that would hardly be kind. To <i>load one with</i>
+wealth is a common expression.</p>
+<p>"Is it possible that <i>the bold adventurer can fix his thoughts
+on you</i>, and still be dejected <i>at the thoughts</i> that a
+bonny blue-eyed lass looked favourably on a less-lucky fellow than
+himself?" vol. 2, p. 136. Such is the question put by Middlemas to
+his friend Hartley, when speaking together on the subject of the
+interesting Menic Grey, and his projected Indian trip. But how
+could he ask if the <i>bold adventurer fixed his thoughts on
+him</i>, when it was the person addressed who entertained the idea
+of becoming one? and how, if the <i>bold adventurer was
+dejected?</i> when he had already distinguished him, taking the
+words in their proper application, as another individual in a
+general sense. It is altogether a singular specimen of abstruse
+phraseology. Then "<i>fix his thoughts</i>" "dejected at <i>the
+thoughts</i>." Fie upon it!</p>
+<p>"Hartley fell a victim to his professional courage, in
+<i>withstanding</i> the progress of a contagious distemper, which
+he at length caught, and under which he sank," vol. 2, p. 367. If
+he withstood the progress of the disease, how could he fall a
+victim to it? The author should have said, "in his <i>endeavours to
+withstand</i>" or "<i>arrest</i> the progress of it."</p>
+<p>"So stood the feelings of the young man, when, one day after
+dinner, the doctor snuffing the candle, and taking from his pouch
+the great leathern pocketbook in which he deposited particular
+papers, with a small supply of the most necessary and active
+medicines, <i>he</i> took from it Mr. Mon&ccedil;ada's letters, and
+requested Richard Middlemas's serious attention," vol. 2, p. 88 and
+89. Who is <i>he</i>? <i>the doctor</i>? Is he not mentioned
+before? And there he is left to stand without his natural support,
+for <i>he</i> has <i>taken</i> it <i>from</i> him. Does not the
+writer of this sentence recollect "My banks <i>they</i> are
+furnished with bees." I could add another <i>take from</i> to the
+page by way of note.</p>
+<p><i>The following I leave without comment.</i></p>
+<p>"Judg<i>e</i>ment," vol. 1, p. 2; vol. 6, p. 6. and judgment,
+vol. 1, p. 85, <i>a</i> heraldic shield, vol. 1, p. 68;
+desir<i>e</i>able, vol. 2, p. 39.</p>
+<p>As much iron as would have <i>builded</i> a brig, vol. 1, page
+68. A good tune is <i>grinded</i>, vol. 1, p. 143. Butler and
+Mercer had both <i>spoke</i> to their disparagement, vol. 2, p.
+289.</p>
+<p>Worthy Mr. Piper, best of contractors <i>who</i> ever furnished
+four frampal jades, vol. 1, p. 45.</p>
+<p>With the next morning I <i>will</i> still see the double summit
+of the ancient Dan, vol. 1, p. 229.</p>
+<p>And then I <i>will</i> find it easier to have you prosecuted,
+vol. 2, p. 169.</p>
+<p>We <i>will</i> be happy, if it is in our power, to repay a part
+of our obligations, vol. 2, p. 222.</p>
+<p>Thou art the fiend who <i>hast</i> occasioned my wretchedness in
+this world, and who <i>will</i> share my eternal misery in the
+next, vol. 2, p. 229.</p>
+<p>He found himself under the alternative <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page366" name="page366"></a>[pg 366]</span> of
+being with him on decent and distant terms, or of breaking off with
+him altogether. The first of these courses might perhaps have been
+the <i>wisest</i>, but the other was the <i>most</i> congenial to
+the blunt and plain character of Hartley, vol. 2, p. 256.</p>
+<p>He inquired <i>at</i> their superior for Barak el Hadgi, vol. 2,
+p. 263.</p>
+<p>And inquiring <i>at</i> those whom he considered the best
+newsmongers, vol. 2, p. 276.</p>
+<p>He faltered out inquiries <i>at</i> his niece, vol. 1, p.
+20.</p>
+<p>Your father asked none save <i>at</i> his courage and his sword,
+vol. 1, p. 260.</p>
+<p>The concluding (<i>of</i>) a literary undertaking, vol. 2, p.
+1.</p>
+<p>I would as soon dress a corpse, when the great fiend
+himself&mdash;God sain us&mdash;stood visibly before us,
+<i>than</i> when Elspat of the Free is amongst us, vol. 1, p. 250.
+November 7, 1827. Oculus.<a id="footnotetag2" name=
+"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>LETTER</h3>
+<p><i>Written in the Condemned Cells, Newgate, by Captain Lee, the
+night previous to his execution, being convicted of forging a bill
+of exchange for 15l. on the Ordnance Office.</i></p>
+<p><i>Newgate, March</i> 3, 1784.</p>
+<p>My Dear Sir,&mdash;Before this reaches you, the head that
+dictates and the hand that traces these lines shall be no more.
+Earthly cares shall all be swallowed up, and the death of an
+unthinking man shall have atoned for the trespass he has committed
+against the laws of his country. But ere the curtain be for ever
+dropped, or remembrance leave this tortured breast, let me take
+this last and solemn leave of one with whom I have passed so many
+social and instructive hours, whose conversation I fondly
+cultivated, and whose friendship for me I hope will remain, even
+after the clay-cold hand of death has closed my eyes in everlasting
+darkness.</p>
+<p>I cannot think you will view this letter with stoic coolness, or
+with listless indifference. Absorbed as the generality of men are
+in the pursuits of pleasure or the avocations of business, there
+are times when the mind looks inward upon itself, when a review of
+past follies induces us to future amendment, and when a
+consciousness of having acted wrong leads us to resolutions of
+doing right. In one of those fortunate moments may you receive
+these last admonitions! Shun but the rock on which I have struck,
+and you will be sure to avoid the shipwreck I have suffered.
+Initiated in the army at an early period of life, I soon
+anticipated not only the follies, but even the vices of my
+companions. Before, however, I could share with undisturbed repose
+in the wickedness of others, it was necessary to remove from myself
+what the infidel terms the prejudices of a Christian education. In
+this I unfortunately succeeded; and conceiving from my tenderest
+years a taste for reading, my sentiments were confirmed, not by the
+flimsy effusions of empty libertines, but by the specious sophistry
+of modern philosophers. It must be owned that at first I was rather
+pleased with the elegance of their language than the force of their
+reasoning; as, however, we are apt to believe what we eagerly wish
+to be true, in a short time I soon became a professed deist. My
+favourite author was the late celebrated David Hume. I constantly
+urged his exemplary behaviour in private as a strong argument in
+favour of his doctrines, forgetting that his literary life was
+uniformly employed in diffusing his pernicious tenets, and his
+utmost endeavours were constantly exerted in extending the baneful
+influence of his philosophical principles. Happy for me had I
+always been actuated by the considerations which fill my bosom at
+this moment, and which I hope will animate me in that awful part
+to-morrow's sun shall see me perform. But the die is cast, and I
+leave to the world this mournful memento, "that however much a man
+may be favoured by personal qualifications, or distinguished by
+mental endowments, genius will be useless, and abilities avail but
+little, unless accompanied by a sense of religion, and attended by
+the practice of virtue; destitute of these, he will only be mounted
+on the wings of folly, that he may fall with greater force into the
+dark abyss of endless despair."</p>
+<p>On my returning to a belief of the truths of Christianity, I
+have been very much assisted by the pious exhortations of the
+ordinary, as well as by the book he has put into my hands; and I
+feel a comfort which I am unable to express by this his charitable
+and benevolent attention to me. I believe there is no passion more
+prevalent in the human breast than the wish that our memory should
+be held in remembrance. I shudder at the thought lest my name
+should be branded with infamy, when I lie mouldering in the dust,
+as I know well that the tongue of malice is ever loud against the
+failings of the unfortunate. When, however, my character is
+insulted, and my poor reputation attacked, extenuate, I beseech
+you, the enormity of my crime, by relating the hardships of my
+sufferings. Tell to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page367" name=
+"page367"></a>[pg 367]</span> giddy and affluent, that, strangers
+to the severity of want, they know not the pain of withstanding the
+almost irresistible calls of nature. The poor will, I trust,
+commiserate my misfortunes, and shed a sympathetic tear at the
+mournful tale of my miserable fate. I can say no more. Heaven have
+mercy on us all!</p>
+<p>Adieu for ever. J. LEE.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PARTING FOR THE POLE.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;Now weep not Poll because I go,</p>
+<p class="i2">There's no need, I declare,</p>
+<p>For when among the Esquimaux,</p>
+<p class="i2">I've too much blubber there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Women mis-doubt a sailor's word,</p>
+<p class="i2">We don't deserve the wipe;</p>
+<p>For when they pipe us all aboard,</p>
+<p class="i2">Aboard we all do pipe.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>We've rocks, when all our tears are past,</p>
+<p class="i2">The sailor's heart to shock,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>.&mdash;Why yes, Jack&mdash;when you're on the
+mast,</p>
+<p class="i2">You're sure to have a rock.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;You'll find some fellow on dry ground,</p>
+<p class="i2">You will prefer to me,</p>
+<p>To him I see you will be bound,</p>
+<p class="i2">While I'm bound to the sea.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But if I sail the world around,</p>
+<p class="i2">I'll be a faithful rover,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Poh! you'll forget me I'll be bound</p>
+<p class="i2">When you are half seas over.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;And when alas, your Jack is gone,</p>
+<p class="i2">You'll think of naught but jigging,</p>
+<p>And you will sport your rigging on,</p>
+<p class="i2">While Jack is on the rigging.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Where winter's ice around us grows,</p>
+<p class="i2">And storms upon us roll,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Ah, that's the time I do suppose</p>
+<p>They look out for the pole.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;But if I should be sunk d'ye see,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Bring up a coral wreath,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;Why if I were beneath the sea,</p>
+<p class="i2">I could not see beneath.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Yet if you should be cast away,</p>
+<p class="i2">Without a cloak, or victual,</p>
+<p>Remember me, a little, pray,</p>
+<p class="i2">You'd better pray a little.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But tho' you wish us now to splice,</p>
+<p class="i2">Our hands&mdash;your love won't hold,</p>
+<p>For when you get among the ice,</p>
+<p class="i2">I'm sure you will grow cold.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I have your money&mdash;here's a kiss,</p>
+<p class="i2">I will be true to you,</p>
+<p>But one word more, "adieu" it is,</p>
+<p class="i2">Cries Jack, it is a do.<span style=
+"margin-left:3em">MAY.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>BARDS, OR POETS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Hail! to the Bards, who sweetly sung</p>
+<p class="i2">The praises of dead peers</p>
+<p>In lofty strains, thus to prolong</p>
+<p class="i2">Their fame for many years.<span style=
+"margin-left:3em">LUCAN.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>This sect appears to have descended from <i>Bardus</i>, son of
+<i>Druis</i>, king of Britain; he was much esteemed by the people
+for inventing songs and music, in praise of meritorious actions;
+and established an order, in which such of the people were admitted
+as excelled in his art, distinguishing them by the name of
+<i>bards</i>, after his own name. Julius Caesar reports, that on
+his arrival he found some of them. Their business was to record the
+noble exploits of their warriors in songs and ditties, which they
+sung to their instruments at the solemn feasts of their chiefs; and
+in such high estimation were they held, that, when two armies were
+ready to engage, if a bard stept in between them, both sides
+delayed the attack till he was out of danger.</p>
+<p>As these bards were neither repugnant to the Roman authority nor
+the Christian religion, they alone, above all other sects, were
+suffered to continue long after the birth of Christ; and it is said
+that some of them are still to be found in the isle of Bardsey, (so
+named from them). <i>Wisbech</i>. T.C.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE SCOTTISH PEASANT'S LAMENT.</h3>
+<h4>BY THE AUTHOR OF AHAB.</h4>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Oh! had I my home by the side of the glen,</p>
+<p>In a spot far remote from the dwellings of men,</p>
+<p>Wi' my ain bonnie Jeannie to sit by my side,</p>
+<p>I'd nae envy auld Reekie her splendor and pride.</p>
+<p>The song of the mavis should wake me at morn,</p>
+<p>And the grey breasted lintie reply from the thorn;</p>
+<p>While the clear brook should run in the sun's yellow beam,</p>
+<p>And my days glide as calmly along as its stream.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But here, in the city's dull streets, I must live,</p>
+<p>Nae Jeannie her arms for my pillow to give;</p>
+<p>Nae mavis, nae lintie, to sing from the tree,</p>
+<p>Nae streamlet to murmur its music to me.</p>
+<p>O better, by far, had I never been born,</p>
+<p>Or my head laid in rest in the glen 'neath the thorn;</p>
+<p>Since the songs of my birds I no longer can hear,</p>
+<p>Nor in slumber recline by the side of my dear.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Now, all that makes life still endured, is the dream,</p>
+<p>That comes o'er my soul, of the bird and the stream;</p>
+<p>And the love of my Jean&mdash;when that vision shall close,</p>
+<p>In the silence of death let my ashes repose.</p>
+<p>Yet then, even then, my sad spirit will be,</p>
+<p>By the side of the brook, 'neath the shade of the tree;</p>
+<p>In the arms of my Jeannie, for ne'er can it stay,</p>
+<p>From those who in life had endeared it away.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><i>Nov</i>. 25. 1827. S.P.J.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ON A SQUINTING POETESS.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>To no <i>one</i> muse does she her glance confine,</p>
+<p>But has an eye at once, to <i>all the nine!</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page368" name="page368"></a>[pg
+368]</span>
+<h2>MANNERS &amp; CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.</h2>
+<h3>No. XVI.</h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>FISHING IN THE RIVER YEOU.</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:60%;"><a href=
+"images/285-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/285-2.png" alt=
+"Fisherman" /></a></div>
+<p>The fishery of the Yeou, in Bornou, is a very considerable
+source of commerce to the inhabitants of its banks; and the manner
+of fishing (as represented in the above engraving) is ingenious
+though simple. The Bornouese make very good nets of a twine spun
+from a perennial plant called <i>kalimboa</i>: the implements for
+fishing are two large gourds nicely balanced, and fixed on a large
+stem of bamboo, at the extreme ends; the fisherman launches this on
+the river, and places himself astride between the two gourds, and
+thus he floats with the stream, and throws his net. He has also
+floats of cane, and weights, of small leathern bags of sand: he
+beats up against the stream, paddling with his hands and feet,
+previous to his drawing the net, which, as it rises from the water,
+he lays before him as he sits; and with a sort of mace, which he
+carries for the purpose, the fish are stunned by a single blow. His
+drag, finished, the fish are taken out, and thrown into the gourds,
+which are open at the top, to receive the produce of his labour.
+These wells being filled, he steers for the shore, unloads, and
+again returns to the sport.&mdash;<i>Denhani's Travels in
+Africa.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ARABIAN HORSES.</h3>
+<p><i>Sir John Malcolm</i>, in his Sketches of Persia, gives the
+following interesting anecdotes of these noble
+creatures:&mdash;</p>
+<p>Hyder, the elchee's master of the chase, was the person who
+imparted knowledge to me on all subjects relating to Arabian
+horses. He would descant by the hour on the qualities of a colt
+that was yet untried, but which, he concluded, must possess all the
+perfections of its sire and dam, with whose histories, and that of
+their progenitors, he was well acquainted. Hyder had shares in five
+or six famous brood mares; and he told me a mare was sometimes
+divided amongst ten or twelve Arabs, which accounted for the groups
+of half-naked fellows whom I saw watching, with anxiety, the
+progress made by their managing partner in a bargain for one of the
+produce. They often displayed, on these occasions, no small
+violence of temper; and I have more than once observed a party
+leading off their ragged colt in a perfect fury, at the blood of
+Daghee or Shumehtee, or some renowned sire or grandsire, being
+depreciated by an inadequate offer, from an ignorant Indian or
+European.</p>
+<p>The Arabs place still more value on their mares than on their
+horses; but even the latter are sometimes esteemed beyond all
+price. When the envoy, returning from his former mission, was
+encamped near Bagdad, an Arab rode a bright bay horse of
+extraordinary shape and beauty, before his tent, till he attracted
+his notice. On being asked if he would sell him&mdash;"What will
+you give me?" said he. "It depends upon his age; I suppose he is
+past five?" "Guess again," was the reply. "Four." "Look at his
+mouth," said the Arab, with a smile. On examination he was found
+rising three; this, from his size and perfect symmetry, greatly
+enhanced his value. The envoy said, "I will give you fifty
+tomans<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href=
+"#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>." "A little more, if you please,"
+said the fellow, apparently entertained. "Eighty!&mdash;a hundred!"
+He shook his head, and smiled. The offer came at last to two
+hundred tomans! "Well," said the Arab, seemingly quite satisfied,
+"you need not tempt me any farther&mdash;it is of no use; you are a
+fine elchee; you have fine horses, camels, and mules, and I am told
+you have loads of silver and gold: now," added he, "you want my
+colt, but you shall not have him for all you have got." So saying,
+he rode off to the desert, whence he had come, and where he, no
+doubt, amused his brethren with an account of what had passed
+between him and the European envoy.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PARIS.</h3>
+<p>Paris is, as it were, abandoned to foreign travellers in
+September and October. It is not till the first symptoms of cold
+are felt somewhat severely, that life in the capital is resumed in
+all its tumult. The Paris season is the reverse of that of London.
+It commences at the end of November, and closes at the beginning of
+May. The period of your hunting is that of our drawing-room
+parties. Previous to November, Paris may be compared to a vast
+lazaretto, where the valetudinarians of every country take
+refuge.&mdash;<i>Monthly Magazine</i></p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page369" name="page369"></a>[pg
+369]</span>
+<h3>MUSICIAN OF MANDARA.</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:50%;"><a href=
+"images/285-3.png"><img width="100%" src="images/285-3.png" alt=
+"Musician blowing a long pipe" /></a></div>
+<p>The above engraving represents one of the musicians of the
+Sultan of Mandara; blowing a long pipe not unlike a clarionet,
+ornamented with shells. These artists, with two immense trumpets
+from twelve to fourteen feet long, borne by men on horseback, made
+of pieces of hollow wood with a brass mouth-piece, usually precede
+the sovereign on any important visit. The costume and attitude of
+the musician are highly characteristic of savage mirth.</p>
+<p>The chiefs in this part of Africa are also attended by a
+<i>band</i> carrying drums, and singing extempore songs, a
+translation of one of which is subjoined from "Denham's Travels,"
+whence the engraving is copied.</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Christian man he come,</p>
+<p class="i2">Friend of us and Sheikhobe;</p>
+<p>White man, when he hear my song,</p>
+<p class="i2">Fine new tobe give me.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Christian man all white,</p>
+<p class="i2">And dollars white have he;</p>
+<p>Kanourie, like him, come,</p>
+<p class="i2">Black man's friend to be.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>From Felatah, how he run;</p>
+<p class="i2">Barca Gana shake his spear:</p>
+<p>White man carry two-mouthed gun;</p>
+<p class="i2">That's what make Felatah fear.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>HUNTING IN PERSIA.</h3>
+<p>In Persia, persons of the highest rank lead their own greyhounds
+in a long silken leash, which passes through the collar, and is
+ready to slip the moment the huntsman chooses. The well-trained dog
+goes alongside the horse, and keeps clear of him when at full
+speed, and in all kinds of country. When a herd of antelopes is
+seen, a consultation is held, and the most experienced determine
+the point towards which they are to be driven. The field (as an
+English sportsman would term it) then disperse, and while some
+drive the herd in the desired direction, those with the dogs take
+their post on the same line, at the distance of about a mile from
+each other; one of the worst dogs is then slipped at the herd, and
+from the moment he singles out an antelope the whole body are in
+motion. The object of the horsemen who have greyhounds is to
+intercept its course, and to slip fresh dogs, in succession, at the
+fatigued animal. In rare instances the second dog kills. It is
+generally the third or fourth; and even these, when the deer is
+strong, and the ground favourable, often fail. This sport, which is
+very exhilarating, was the delight of the late King of Persia, Aga
+Mahomed Khan, whose taste is inherited by the present
+sovereign.&mdash;<i>Sketches of Persia</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PIOUS WATCHMEN IN NORWAY.</h3>
+<p>In Drontheim, the ancient capital of Norway, it appears, that
+the guardians of the night not only <i>watch</i>, but <i>pray</i>
+for the souls of the inhabitants. Mr. Brooke, in his recent
+travels, says, "as each hour elapses, they are prepared with a
+different kind of exhortation or prayer; which, forming a sort of
+tune or chant, is sung by them during the drear hours of the
+night." Of one of these pious songs, he gives the following literal
+translation:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Ho! the Watchman, ho!</p>
+<p>The clock has struck ten,</p>
+<p>Praised be God, our Lord!</p>
+<p>Now it is time to go to bed.</p>
+<p>The housewife and her maid,</p>
+<p>The master as well as his lad.</p>
+<p>The wind is south-east.</p>
+<p>Hallelujah! praised be God, our Lord!"</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>"The <i>voekter</i>, or watchman, is armed with an instrument as
+remarkable as his cry, being nothing less than a long pole, at the
+end of which is a ball, well fortified with iron spikes. This
+weapon is called <i>morgen stierne</i>, or the morning star. At
+Drontheim, however, bands of pick-pockets and thieves are unknown,
+and the morning star does little more than grace the hand of the
+Norwegian watchman."</p>
+<p>As the axe of reform is just laid to the watching system of
+London, we may profit by the example of our Northern brethren; for
+it appears, they not only watch over the temporal, but spiritual
+concerns of their citizens, and it should seem, with salutary
+effect: but the <i>vespers</i> and <i>matins</i>, of a watchman in
+England, would meet with many unholy interruptions.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page370" name="page370"></a>[pg
+370]</span>
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>LONDON CLUB-HOUSES.</h3>
+<p>Club-houses are by no means a new invention; and yet the
+improvements upon the old plan, which was itself an improvement
+upon the former coffee-house, is sufficiently interesting, and
+sufficiently unknown to the people in general, to render some
+account of their advantages not superfluous. The modern club is a
+tavern and newsroom, where the members are both guests and
+landlord. The capital is derived from a sum paid by each member on
+entrance, and the general annual expenses, such as house-rent,
+servants, &amp;c. are defrayed by an annual subscription. The
+society elects a committee for its execution and government, and
+meets at stated intervals for legislative measures. The committee
+appoint a steward to manage its affairs, and a secretary to keep
+the accounts, to take minutes of the proceedings of meetings, and
+transact the business of correspondence. The domestic servants are
+placed under the immediate direction of the steward; but above all
+in the choice of a cook, the discretion of the committee is most
+especially exerted. A house being thus established where the
+society is at home, the rooms are thrown open for their various
+accommodation. In the apartments destined for eating, members may
+breakfast, lunch, dine, and sup, as they list; a bill of fare of
+great variety is prepared; and the gourmand has nothing more to do
+than to study its contents, and write the names of the dishes he
+desires on a bill prepared for the purpose; to mention whether he
+orders dinner for himself alone, or in company with others; and at
+what time he chooses to dine, whether immediately, or at some
+subsequent hour. At the close of his dinner this bill or demand is
+presented to him with the prices annexed, and prompt payment is the
+law.</p>
+<p>Wine is bottled in quarts, pints, and even half-pints, and may
+be had at some institutions even in glasses: it is not needless to
+observe, moreover, that there is no necessity either of fashion or
+regulation to drink it at all. At an inn, a bottle of wine must be
+ordered for the "good of the house," that the waiter may not
+despise you and be surly: that, in short, the guest may be
+tolerably accommodated in other matters; although, perhaps, the
+wine itself (wretched stuff generally at inns) is his
+abhorrence&mdash;though he may never drink any thing but water, and
+may send the decanter away untouched&mdash;the tax must be paid.
+Besides this entertainment for the grosser senses, the more refined
+appetites are considered. In some clubs, the "Travellers" for
+instance, a library is provided; and at most of them, even the most
+unintellectual, a library of reference is supplied. Here all the
+periodicals of the day are laid upon the tables&mdash;both those of
+Great Britain and of the continent, together with the newspapers,
+metropolitan and provincial, and in some instances the political
+journals of Paris. This part of the house may be considered the
+general resort of the gossippers and quidnuncs; and here, or in
+other more commodious places, materials for writing, paper, pens,
+lights, &amp;c. are found. Drawing-rooms, one or more, are next to
+be mentioned&mdash;here the members take their tea or their ease;
+and where cards are played, this is the scene of operation. A
+billiard-room is an agreeable addition to the accommodation of the
+society's house, and several of the inferior apartments are always
+devoted to serve as dressing-rooms. It is clear, that a bachelor
+wants nothing beyond this but a bed; if he chooses to live in this
+sort of public privacy he may; and should he be only a sojourner in
+town, the convenience of a resort of this kind wherein he may make
+his appointments, receive and write his letters, see society, take
+his dinner, spend his evening, if not otherwise engaged, over the
+books, the newspapers, or a rubber of whist, and do all but
+sleep&mdash;a bed in the neighbourhood may supply the article of
+repose.&mdash;Thus all physical wants, and many social ones, are
+abundantly, and even luxuriously supplied.&mdash;<i>London
+Magazine</i>.</p>
+<p>[While upon "clubs," we may as well advert to the prospectus of
+"<i>The Literary Club</i>," which has reached us since our last. It
+professes to be "associated for the <i>assistance</i> of men of
+letters, the development of talent, and the furtherance of the
+interests of literature." It not only aims at <i>charitable</i>
+provision for the weaknesses and infirmities of nature, but
+anticipates "harmony and friendship" among literary men, and "as
+little as possible on any system of exclusion." This is as it
+should be; but we fear the workings and conflicts of passion and
+interest are still too strong to admit of such harmony among the
+sons of genius. Authorship is becoming, if not already become, too
+much of a trade or craft to admit of such a pacificatory scheme:
+but the object of the association is one of the highest importance
+to literature, and we heartily wish it success.&mdash;ED.
+MIRROR.]</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page371" name="page371"></a>[pg
+371]</span>
+<h3>ENGLISH AND FRENCH.</h3>
+<p>Why are the English so fond of clubs, corporate bodies,
+joint-stock companies, and large associations of all
+kinds?&mdash;Because they are the most unsociable set of people in
+the world; for being mostly at variance with each other, they are
+glad to get any one else to join and be on their side; having no
+spontaneous attraction, they are forced to fasten themselves into
+the machine of society; and each holds out in his individual
+shyness and reserve, till he is carried away by the crowd, and
+borne with a violent, but welcome, shock against some other mass of
+aggregate prejudice or self-interest. The English join together to
+get rid of their sharp points and sense of uncomfortable
+peculiarity. Hence their clubs, their mobs, their sects, their
+parties, their spirit of co-operation, and previous understanding
+in every thing. An English mob is a collection of violent and
+headstrong humours, acting with double force from each man's
+natural self-will, and the sense of opposition to others; and the
+same may be said of the nation at large. The French unite and
+separate more easily; and therefore do not collect into such
+formidable masses, and act with such unity and tenacity of purpose.
+It is the same with their ideas, which easily join together, and
+easily part company, but do not form large or striking masses; and
+hence the French are full of wit and fancy, but without imagination
+or principle. The French are governed by fashion, the English by
+cabal. <i>London Weekly Review.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PROTESTANT BURIAL-GROUND AT ROME.</h3>
+<p>The Cemeterio degli Inglesi, or the Protestant burial-ground,
+stretches calmly and beautifully below the Pyramid of Cestius. The
+site was admirably chosen,&mdash;nothing can be more poetically and
+religiously sepulchral than this most attractive spot. It is worth
+a thousand churches. No one can stand long there without feeling in
+full descent upon his spirit the very best influences of the grave.
+The rich, red, ruinous battlements of the city, broken only by the
+calm and solid unity of the Pyramid; the clustering foliage
+beginning to brown on the ancient towers of the entrance; the deep,
+still, blue sky; the fluttering leaves of the vines which floated
+around, as one by one they dropped from the branches; the freshness
+of the green mounds at my feet,&mdash;these and a thousand other
+features, fully felt at the time, but untranslateable to writing,
+conveyed precisely that philosophy of Death which the poet and
+sculptor have more than once attempted to breathe over their most
+enchanting works, and which here seems an emanation from every
+object which you feel or see. I would place in this spot their
+Genius of Repose, that beautiful statue which joins its hands
+indolently on its head, and casts its melancholy eyes for ever
+towards the earth; that statue, so beautiful that it has been often
+confounded with the Grecian Eros, or the Celestial Love, and is, in
+itself, the best type of the messenger who is one day to lead us
+gently from the heat and toils of this world, into the coolness and
+tranquillity of the next. Every thing here is in unison with these
+thoughts. At a few paces distant from the Pyramid, and adjoining
+the wall, the Cippi and funeral Soroi of the Strangers are to be
+seen. The bright verdure and the bright marbles, the classical
+purity of the monuments, the desert air, the austere solemnity of
+every thing about me, came with new force upon my imagination. I
+walked slowly amongst the tombs, and tried to decipher the
+inscriptions. The dead are of various nations,&mdash;English,
+American, but principally German. Sometimes a cluster of cypresses
+shadowed the tomb&mdash;sometimes a fair flowering shrub had twined
+around it. The epitaphs were written with elegance always; at times
+with the deepest tenderness and beauty. Each had his short history,
+each his melancholy interest and adventure. Here was the man of
+science and literature, who came to lay down his head, after a
+painful and varied pilgrimage, in this City of the Soul. A Humboldt
+was buried here; a Thorwalsden yet may. Here reposes clay too
+finely tempered for the unkindnesses of mankind&mdash;Keats lies
+near;&mdash;a little farther is one who, on the point of quitting
+Rome to rejoin an affectionate family after a too long absence,
+full of the anticipations of the traveller and of youth, is thrown
+from his carriage at a mile's distance from the city, and never
+quits Rome more;&mdash;beside him is an only child, whom the sun of
+Italy could not save;&mdash;and next, one who perished suddenly,
+like Miss Bathurst, in the very bud and bloom of
+existence,&mdash;or another, who died away, day after day, in the
+embraces of her parents, and now rests in the midst of the
+beautiful in vain. The graceful lines of Petrarch are inscribed on
+the sarcophagus&mdash;they are full of feeling and the country, and
+make one pause and dream:&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Non come fiamma, che per forza &egrave; spenta,</p>
+<p>Ma che per se medesma si consuma,</p>
+<p>Se n'and&ograve; in pace, l'anima contenta."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>No epitaph could be better. <i>New Monthly Magazine.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page372" name="page372"></a>[pg
+372]</span>
+<h3>QUACKS</h3>
+<p>Have nearly the same interest as knaves in concealing their
+ignorance and frauds, and for the most part regard with the same
+fear and detestation the instrument which unmasks their
+pretensions. This must be understood with some qualification,
+because the exposure of ignorance and fraud is not always
+sufficient to open the eyes, and enlighten the understandings, of
+mankind. Some perverse dupes are not to be reasoned out of their
+infatuation; they had rather hug the impostor, than confess the
+cheat; and quacks, speculating upon this infirmity of human nature,
+will sometimes court even an infamous
+notoriety.&mdash;<i>Lancet.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ANECDOTES OF THE MARVELLOUS.</h3>
+<p><i>Charming away the Hooping Cough.</i></p>
+<p>An English lady, the wife of an officer, accompanied her husband
+to Dublin not very long ago, when his regiment was ordered to that
+station. She engaged an Irish girl as nurse-maid in her family;
+and, a short time after her arrival, was astonished by an urgent
+request from this damsel, to permit her to <i>charm</i> little miss
+from <i>ever</i> having the hooping-cough, (then prevailing in
+Dublin). The lady inquired how this <i>charming</i> business was
+performed; and not long after had, in walking through the streets,
+many times the pleasure of witnessing the process, which is simply
+this:&mdash;An ass is brought before the door of a house, into
+whose mouth a piece of bread is introduced; and the child being
+passed three times over and under the animal's body, the charm is
+completed; and of its efficacy in preventing the spread of a very
+distressing, and sometimes fatal disorder, the lower class of Irish
+are <i>certain</i>.</p>
+<p><i>The Legend of Hell Mary Hill.</i></p>
+<p>Not many miles from Sheffield, as I was told by one who resided
+near the place, there is a forest; and in an out-of-the-way part of
+it, a hill, tolerably high, covered with wood, and vulgarly called
+Hell Mary Hill, though probably this is a name corrupted from one
+more innocent or holy. Near the top of it is a cave, containing, it
+is <i>said</i>, a chest of money,&mdash;a great iron chest,
+<i>so</i> full, that when the sun shines bright upon it, the gold
+can be seen through the key-hole; but it has never yet been stolen,
+because, in the first place, a huge black cat (and wherever a black
+cat is there is mischief, you may be sure) guards the treasure,
+which bristles up, and, fixing a <i>gashful</i> gaze on the
+would-be marauder, with fiery eyes, seems ready to devour him if he
+approach within a dozen yards of the cave; and, secondly, whenever
+this creature is off guard, (and it has occasionally been seen in a
+neighbouring village,) and the treasure has been attempted to be
+withdrawn from its tomb, no mortal rope has been able to sustain
+its weight, each that has been tried invariably breaking when the
+coffer was at the very mouth of the cave; which, being endowed with
+the gift of locomotion, has immediately retrograded into its
+pristine situation! I have mentioned this tradition, as it was told
+to me, because it is so curiously coincident with the German
+superstition of treasure buried within the Hartz mountains,
+guarded, and ever disappointing the cupidity of those who would
+discover and possess themselves of it.</p>
+<p><i>Fairy Loaves.</i></p>
+<p>Being lately in Norfolk, I discovered that the rustics belonging
+to the part of it in which I was staying, particularly regarded a
+kind of fossil-stone, which much resembled a sea-egg petrified, and
+was found frequently in the flinty gravel of that county. They
+esteemed such stones sacred to the elfin train, and termed them
+fairy loaves, forbearing to touch them, lest misfortunes should
+come upon them for the sacrilege. An old woman told me, that as she
+was trudging home one night from her field-work, she took up one of
+these fossils, and was going to carry it home with her; but was
+soon obliged to drop it, and take to her heels as quick as might
+be, from hearing a wrathful voice exclaim, though she saw nobody,
+"Give me my loaf! Give me back my loaf, I say!"&mdash;<i>New London
+Literary Gazette</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>FINE ARTS</h2>
+<h3>HOGARTH'S MARRIAGE-A-LA-MODE.</h3>
+<p>Hogarth's admirable series of pictures, entitled
+<i>Marriage-&agrave;-la-mode</i>, were at first slightly treated by
+the public, at which the artist was greatly incensed. Being in want
+of money, he was at length obliged to dispose of them to Mr. Lane,
+of Hillington, for one hundred and twenty guineas. The pictures
+being in good frames, which cost Hogarth four guineas a piece, his
+remuneration for painting this valuable series was but a few
+shillings more than one hundred pounds. On the demise of Mr. Lane,
+they became the property of his nephew, Colonel Cawthorn, who very
+highly valued them. In the year 1797 they were sold by auction, at
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page373" name="page373"></a>[pg
+373]</span> Christie's, Pall Mall, for the sum of one thousand
+guineas; the liberal purchaser being the late Mr. Angerstein. They
+now belong to government, and are the most attractive objects in
+the National Gallery.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>HAMPTON COURT PALACE.</h3>
+<p>The gardens and park, which are three miles in circumference,
+appear to me to be above all competition. As you enter, you are
+struck with the majestic beauty of the trees, and the fine gravel
+walks. As you advance, the fountains and statues demand your
+admiration; particularly the famous <i>Gladiator</i>, which was
+brought from Rome. While in the gardens, the statues of Flora,
+Ceres, Pomona, and Diana, placed on the west front of the building,
+are seen to much advantage.</p>
+<p>The magnificent palace was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey,
+and consists of three principal quadrangles. Here Cromwell resided,
+and it was the favourite residence of William and Mary. It is
+chiefly built of brick, and is very capacious, more so than any
+other royal palace in the British empire. Arriving at the great
+entrance, you almost seem as if you were about to enter a fairy
+castle. The floor of the hall is laid out in beautiful square slabs
+of marble, and a staircase of the same material leads you to the
+upper apartments, which contain pictures and numerous
+curiosities.</p>
+<p>Among the fine paintings, I shall notice a few, which appear to
+me as being perfect master-pieces. But I must first take the
+liberty of saying a word or two about the <i>gentleman</i> who
+conducts you through the rooms to <i>explain</i> the several
+pictures. When I had the pleasure of being with him, his hair was
+powdered, and he carried a silver-headed cane. He hurried me
+through the rooms, filling my ears with such gibberish as
+this:&mdash;"That ere picture, sir, up there, was painted, five
+hundred years ago, for William the Conqueror, by Wandyke."<a id=
+"footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href=
+"#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> This is no mean blunder in
+chronology!</p>
+<p>There is a fine portrait of <i>William the Third on
+horseback</i>, of the size of life, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the
+horse is painted in a side view, and has a good effect. There are
+eight fine female portraits of distinguished personages, by the
+same hand, in the highest state of preservation.</p>
+<p><i>Bandinella, the Sculptor</i>, by Corregio, is a most
+beautiful portrait. The face of the sculptor is full of vivid
+expression, and the gold chain about his neck is almost a
+deception. This painting, and a <i>Holy Family</i>, are all we find
+of the great Corregio at Hampton Court.</p>
+<p><i>Charles the First</i>, on horseback, by Sir A. Vandyke, is
+certainly much superior to the portrait of William, mentioned
+above. As a painter, Sir Godfrey cannot be ranked with Vandyke,
+though, I believe, the former considered himself much higher in the
+arts than the latter. The picture before us is an admirable
+specimen of Vandyke's powers.</p>
+<p><i>George the Third</i>, likewise on horseback, reviewing his
+troops on Hounslow Heath, by Sir William Beechey, R.A. This picture
+is unquestionably one of Sir William's best productions, and does
+honour to the fine arts of this country. With the above portraits,
+there are others by West, &amp;c., which possess considerable
+merit.</p>
+<p>There are, also, several choice specimens of Titian, Holbein,
+and Domenichino; with a few cabinet pictures in the Dutch school,
+by Teniers, Ostade, &amp;c. In this palace are Raphael's celebrated
+cartoons, which are too <i>well</i> known to need describing in
+this place. G.W.N.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>A BALLAD SINGER.</h3>
+<p><i>A Ballad-Singer</i> is a town-crier for the advertising of
+lost tunes. Hunger hath made him a wind-instrument; his want is
+vocal, and not he. His voice had gone a-begging before he took it
+up, and applied it to the same trade; it was too strong to hawk
+mackerel, but was just soft enough for "Robin Adair." His business
+is to make popular songs unpopular,&mdash;he gives the air, like a
+weather-cock, with many variations. As for a key, he has but
+one&mdash;a latch-key&mdash;for all manner of tunes; and as they
+are to pass current amongst the lower sorts of people, he makes his
+notes like a country banker's, as thick as he can. His tones have a
+copper sound, for he sounds for copper; and for the musical
+divisions he hath no regard, but sings on, like a kettle, without
+taking any heed of the bars. Before beginning he clears his pipe
+with gin; and is always hoarse from the thorough draft in his
+throat. He hath but one shake, and that is in winter. His voice
+sounds flat, from flatulence; and he fetches breath, like a
+drowning kitten, whenever he can. Notwithstanding all this, his
+music gains ground, for it walks with him from end to end of the
+street. He is <span class="pagenum"><a id="page374" name=
+"page374"></a>[pg 374]</span> your only performer that requires not
+many entreaties for a song; for he will chant, without asking, to a
+street cur, or a parish post. His only backwardness is to a stave
+after dinner, seeing that he never dines; for he sings for bread,
+and though corn has ears, sings very commonly in vain. As for his
+country, he is an Englishman, that by his birthright may sing
+whether he can or not. To conclude, he is reckoned passable in the
+city, but is not so good off the stones.&mdash;<i>Whims and
+Oddities. Second series.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>VOYAGE UP THE MISSISSIPPI.</h3>
+<p>On leaving New Orleans, in ascending the river, the country,
+still the same continuous flat, is enriched and enlivened by a
+succession of pretty houses and plantations, with each a small
+negro town near them, as well as the sugar-houses, gardens, and
+summer-houses, which give the idea of wealth and industry. For
+sixty miles the banks present the appearance of one continued
+village skirted with plantations of cotton, sugar-cane, and rice,
+for about two miles from the river, bounded in the rear, by the
+uncultivated swamps and woods. The boat proceeds continually near
+the shore on one side or the other, and attracts the inhabitants to
+the front of their neat houses, placed amidst orange groves, and
+shaded with vines and beautiful evergreens. I was surprised to see
+the swarms of children of all colours that issued from these
+abodes. In infancy, the progeny of the slave, and that of his
+master, seem to know no distinction; they mix in their sports, and
+appear as fond of each other as the brothers and sisters of one
+family; but in activity, life, joy, and animal spirits, the little
+negro, unconscious of his future situation seems to me to enjoy
+more pleasure in this period of existence, than his pale
+companions. The sultry climate of Louisiana, perhaps, is more
+congenial to the African constitution, than to that of the
+European.</p>
+<p>The next morning we arrived at Baton Rouge, 127 miles on our
+journey; a pretty little town, on the east side, and the first
+rising ground we had seen, being delightfully situated on a gradual
+acclivity, from which is a fine view of the surrounding flats. The
+fine barracks close to it, contain a few companies of troops. We
+here stopped to take in some ladies, who continued with us till the
+end of the voyage. To this place the leve&eacute;, or artificial
+banks, are continued on both sides of the river from New Orleans,
+without which the land would be continually overflowed. From this
+to Natches (232 miles,) the country is not interesting, consisting
+principally of dense forest and wilderness, impenetrable to the
+eye, diversified, however, by the various water fowl which the
+passing vessels disturb, in their otherwise solitary haunts, and by
+the number of black and grey squirrels leaping from branch to
+branch in the trees. The great blue kingfisher, which is common
+here, is so tame, as scarcely to move, as the boat passes, and we
+frequently saw, and passed close to large alligators, which
+generally appeared to be asleep, stretched on the half-floating
+logs. Several were fired at from the vessel, but none procured. One
+pair that I saw together, must have been each upwards of twelve
+feet long.</p>
+<p>Natches is a pleasantly situated town, or rather a steep hill,
+about half a mile from the landing place, where are many stores and
+public houses. The boat remained here an hour, and we ascended to
+the upper town, a considerable place, with a town-house, and
+several good streets and well-furnished shops, in which we
+purchased some books. This place exports much cotton, and the
+planters are said to be rich. It commands a fine prospect over the
+river and surrounding country. It has been tried as a summer
+residence by some of the inhabitants of New Orleans, but the
+scourges of this part of America (fever and ague) extend their
+ravages for more than 1000 miles higher up. A partial elevation of
+ground, in an unhealthy district, has been proved to be more
+pernicious, than even the level itself. From hence, to the junction
+of the Ohio, there is little to interest the stranger, excepting
+the diversity of wood and water. The ground rises in some places,
+though with little variety, till you pass the junction of the Ohio,
+1253 miles from the sea. Shortly after entering the Ohio, the
+country begins to improve; you perceive the ground beginning to
+rise in the distance, and the bank occasionally to rear into small
+hills, which show their strata of stone, and rise into bluffs,
+projecting into the bends of the river, shutting it in, so as to
+produce the effect of sailing on a succession of the finest lakes,
+through magnificent woods, which momentarily changed their form,
+from the rapid motion of our boat. It was now full moon, and these
+scenes viewed during the clear nights, were indescribably
+beautiful.&mdash;<i>Bullock's Journey to New York</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>IRISH TWINS.</h3>
+<p>The Miss Mac Taafs were both on the ground, and both standing
+enough in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page375" name=
+"page375"></a>[pg 375]</span> profile, to give Lord Arranmore a
+full and perfect view of their figure, without being seen by them.
+His first opinion was, that they were utterly unchanged; and that
+like the dried specimens of natural history, they had bidden
+defiance to time. Tall, stately, and erect, their weather-beaten
+countenance and strongly marked features were neither faded nor
+fallen in. The deep red hue of a frosty and vigorous senility still
+coloured their unwrinkled faces. Their hair, well powdered and
+pomatumed, was drawn up by the roots from their high foreheads,
+over their lofty "systems;" and their long, lank necks rose like
+towers above their projecting busts; which, with their straight,
+sticky, tight-laced waists, terminating in the artificial rotundity
+of a half-dress bell-hoop, gave them the proportions of an
+hour-glass. They wore grey camlet riding habits, with large black
+Birmingham buttons (to mark the slight mourning for their deceased
+brother-in-law): while petticoats, fastened as pins did or did not
+their office, shewed more of the quilted marseilles and stuff
+beneath, than the precision of the toilet required: both of which,
+from their contact with the water of the bog, merited the epithet
+of "Slappersallagh," bestowed on their wearers by Terence O'Brien.
+Their habit-shirts, chitterlings, and cravats, though trimmed with
+Trawlee lace, seemed by their colour to evince that yellow starch,
+put out of fashion by the ruff of the murderous Mrs. Turner in
+England, was still to be had in Ireland. Their large, broad silver
+watches, pendant from their girdle by massy steel chains, showed
+that their owners took as little account of time as time had taken
+of them. "Worn for show, not use," they were still without those
+hands, which it had been in the contemplation of the Miss Mac Taafs
+to have replaced by the first opportunity, for the last five years.
+High-crowned black-beaver hats, with two stiff, upright, black
+feathers, that seemed to bridle like their wearers, and a large
+buckle and band, completed the costume of these venerable specimens
+of human architecture: the <i>tout ensemble</i> recalling to the
+nephew the very figures and dresses which had struck him with
+admiration and awe when first brought in from the Isles of Arran by
+his foster mother, to pay his duty to his aunts, and ask their
+blessing, eighteen years before. The Miss Mac Taafs, in their
+sixty-first year, (for they were twins,) might have sunk with
+safety ten or twelve years of their age. Their minds and persons
+were composed of that fibre which constitutes nature's veriest
+huckaback. Impressions fell lightly on both; and years and feelings
+alike left them unworn and uninjured.&mdash;<i>The O'Briens, and
+the O'Flahertys, by Lady Morgan</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>AUTUMN.</h3>
+<h4>BY JOHN CLARE.</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Me it delights, in mellow Autumn tide,</p>
+<p class="i2">To mark the pleasaunce that mine eye surrounds:</p>
+<p>The forest-trees like coloured posies pied:</p>
+<p class="i2">The upland's mealy grey, and russet grounds;</p>
+<p>Seeking for joy, where joyaunce most abounds;</p>
+<p class="i2">Not found, I ween, in courts and halls of pride,</p>
+<p>Where folly feeds, or flattery's sighs and sounds,</p>
+<p class="i2">And with sick heart, but seemeth to be merry:</p>
+<p>True pleasaunce is with humble food supplied;</p>
+<p class="i2">Like shepherd swain, who plucks the brambleberry.</p>
+<p>With savoury appetite, from hedge-row briars,</p>
+<p class="i2">Then drops content on molehills' sunny side;</p>
+<p>Proving, thereby, low joys and small desires</p>
+<p class="i2">Are easiest fed, and soonest satisfied.</p>
+<p class="i10"><i>The Amulet.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE GATHERER.</h2>
+<blockquote>"I am but a <i>Gatherer</i> and disposer of other men's
+stuff,"&mdash;<i>Wotton</i>.</blockquote>
+<hr />
+<h3>HOLY WATER.</h3>
+<p>A friend of mine (says Mr. Lambert, in his Travels,) was once
+present at the house of a French lady in Canada, when a violent
+thunder storm commenced. The shutters were immediately closed, and
+the room darkened. The lady of the house, not willing to leave the
+safety of herself and company to chance, began to search her
+closets for the bottle of holy water, which, by a sudden flash of
+lightning, she fortunately found. The bottle was uncorked, and its
+contents immediately sprinkled over the ladies and gentlemen. It
+was a most dreadful storm, and lasted a considerable time; she
+therefore redoubled her sprinklings and benedictions at every clap
+of thunder or flash of lightning. At length the storm abated, and
+the party were providentially saved from its effects; which the
+good lady attributed solely to the precious water. But when the
+shutters were opened, and the light admitted, the company found, to
+the destruction of their white gowns and muslin handkerchiefs;
+their coats, waistcoats, and breeches, that instead of holy water,
+the pious lady had sprinkled them with <i>ink</i>. W.P.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>QUID PRO QUO.</h3>
+<p>Louis XVIII. asked the Duke of Wellington familiarly, how old he
+was; the latter replied, "Sire, I was born in the year 1768." "And
+so was Buonaparte," rejoined the king; "Providence owed us this
+compensation." C.F.E.</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page376" name="page376"></a>[pg
+376]</span>
+<h3>NAUTICAL EPITAPHS.</h3>
+<p>In the west part of Fife, in the churchyard of the village of
+Torryburn, part of an epitaph remains, which deserves notice. A
+part was very absurdly erased by the owner of the burying ground,
+to make way for the names of some of his kindred. The whole epitaph
+formerly stood thus:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>At anchor now, in Death's dark road,</p>
+<p class="i2">Rides honest Captain Hill,</p>
+<p>Who served his king, and feared his God,</p>
+<p class="i2">With upright heart and will:</p>
+<p>In social life, sincere and just,</p>
+<p class="i2">To vice of no kind given;</p>
+<p>So that his better part, we trust,</p>
+<p class="i2">Hath made the Port of Heaven.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Another, in the parish of Duffus (Morayshire), runs thus:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Though Eolus' blasts and Neptune's waves have toss'd me to
+and</p>
+<p class="i2">fro,</p>
+<p>Yet now, at last, by Heaven's decree, I harbour here below;</p>
+<p>Where at anchor I do lie, with others of our fleet,</p>
+<p>Till the last trump do raise us up our Admiral Christ to
+meet.</p>
+<p><span style="margin-left:3em">CHARLES STUART.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>ON A DRUNKEN COBBLER.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Enclosed within this narrow stall,</p>
+<p>Lies one who was a friend to <i>awl</i>;</p>
+<p>He saved bad <i>souls</i> from getting worse,</p>
+<p>But d&mdash;&mdash;n'd his own without remorse;</p>
+<p>And tho' a drunken life he pass'd,</p>
+<p>Yet say'd <i>his soul</i>, by <i>mending at the
+last!</i><span style="margin-left:3em">E.L.I.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>WATER GRUEL.</h3>
+<p>In an old paper, dated Friday, 13th Aug. 1695, is the following
+curious advertisement:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"At the marine coffee-house, in Birchin-lane, is water-gruel to
+be sold every morning from six till eleven of the clock. 'Tis not
+yet thoroughly known; but there comes such company as drinks
+usually four or five gallons in a morning." G.S.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>A clergyman being on the road to his country living, (to which
+he pays an annual visit,) was stopped by a friend, who asked him
+where he could be going so far from town,&mdash;"Like other
+people," replied he, "to my parish." C.F.E.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE LETTER C.</h3>
+<p>Curious coincidences respecting the letter C, as connected with
+the lamented Princess Charlotte.</p>
+<p>Her mother's name was Caroline, her own name was Charlotte; that
+of her consort Coburg; she was married at Carlton house; her town
+residence was at Camelford house, the late owner of which Lord
+Camelford, was untimely killed in a duel; her country residence,
+Claremont, not long ago the property of Lord Clive, who ended his
+days by suicide; she died in Childbed, the name of her accoucheur
+being Croft. C.F.E.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>GIVING AND TAKING.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>From the French</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"I never give a kiss (says Prue)</p>
+<p class="i2">To naughty man, for I abhor it."</p>
+<p>She will not <i>give</i> a kiss, 'tis true;</p>
+<p class="i2">She'll <i>take</i> one though, and thank you for
+it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY.</h3>
+<p>This amiable man told me that his affecting song, "When my money
+was gone," &amp;c. was suggested by the real story of a sailor, who
+came to beg money while Carey was breakfasting, with an open
+window, at the beautiful inn at Stoney Cross, in the New
+Forest.</p>
+<p>He also declared that his father, Henry Carey, wrote the song of
+"God save the King," in the house in Hatton-Garden, which has a
+stone bracket, a few doors from the Police-office.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>[In No. 282 of The MIRROR, we omitted our acknowledgment to a
+well-executed illustrative work (now in course of publication),
+intitled "London in the Nineteenth Century," of which our artist
+availed himself for his View of <i>Hanover Terrace</i>, Regent's
+Park. The drawing in the above work is by Mr. T.H. Shepherd; and
+the literary department (of which we did not avail ourselves) is by
+Mr. Elmes, author of "the Life of Sir Christopher Wren."]</p>
+<hr />
+<p><i>LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS</i>.</p>
+<p>Now publishing in numbers, price 3d. each, Embellished with
+Engravings on Steel, The BEAUTIES of SCOTT, forming the second of a
+Series of</p>
+<p><i>ELEGANT EXTRACTS</i>.</p>
+<p>VOL. I. comprises The BEAUTIES of BYRON, embellished with Four
+Engravings, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.</p>
+<p>VOL. II. comprises The BEAUTIES of WAVERLEY, GUY MANNERING, and
+IVANHOE, embellished with Engravings on Steel, price 3s. 6d. in
+boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.</p>
+<p>"The BEAUTIES are selected with great skill, and a nice
+perception of the excellencies of the author, and altogether
+compose a most attractive volume."&mdash;<i>Weekly Times</i>.</p>
+<p>The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. in boards, half-bound, 8s.</p>
+<p>The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.</p>
+<p>COOK'S VOYAGES. Price only 7s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound
+9s.</p>
+<p>The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED
+Price 5s. boards.</p>
+<p>The MICROCOSM. Price 2s. or in boards, 2s. 6d By the Rt. Hon. G.
+CANNING, M.P. and other Writers, with a Memoir and Two
+Portraits.</p>
+<p>GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.</p>
+<p>DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.</p>
+<p>BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.</p>
+<p>SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name=
+"footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Probably on the plan of the lord mayor's household table. Well,
+Swift is right in supposing the great art of life to be that of
+hoaxing.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name=
+"footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>We are compelled to defer our Correspondent's Notes on his
+second reading of Ivanhoe&mdash;Ed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name=
+"footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>A toman is a nominal coin nearly the value of a pound
+sterling.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name=
+"footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>Sir Antony Vandyke, who died about the year 1640.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near
+Somerset-House,) and sold by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i></p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11388 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11388 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11388)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Vol. 10, Issue 285, December 1, 1827
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 1, 2004 [EBook #11388]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 285 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Eckrich, David King, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+Vol. 10, No. 285.] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1827. [Price 2d
+
+
+
+CASTLE OF THE SEVEN TOWERS
+
+
+[Illustration: Castle of the Seven Towers at Constantinople.]
+
+ 1. Triumphal Arch of Constantine.
+ 2. First Tower of the Pentagon.
+ 3. First Marble Tower.
+ 4. Second Marble Tower.
+ 5. Angle of the Pentagon with the fallen Tower.
+ 6. Double Tower.
+ 7. Dedecagonal tower.
+ 8. Square Tower of entrance to the Prison.
+ 9. Round Tower falling to decay.
+10. House of the Aga, &c.
+11. Garden of the Aga's House.
+12. Cemetery of the Martyrs.
+
+The celebrity of the _Seven Towers_ in European countries, though
+strongly savouring of romance, is no joke--it being the _prison_ where
+the Turks confine the ministers and ambassadors of the powers with whom
+they are at war. At the present moment this engraving will doubtless be
+acceptable to our readers; especially to such of our City friends as
+have recently been induced to speculate on the heads of ambassadors of
+the allied powers; and a few days since it might have served as a scale
+for their _wagering_ the "price of blood."
+
+With the early account of this castle we shall be brief. It is cited in
+the history of the lower empire from the sixth century of the Christian
+era, as a point which served for the defence of Constantinople. The
+embrasures of some of its towers, as well as of the towers that flank
+the ramparts of the town from the southern angle of the castle to the
+sea, blackened as is supposed by the Greek fire, announce that it was
+the principal bulwark of the city on the side of the Propontis, in the
+latter times of the empire. In 1453, Mahomet II., after an obstinate
+siege, gained possession of Constantinople and the Castle of the Seven
+Towers, fear opening to him one of the gates of the latter. The Turks
+relate that 12,000 men perished in this siege; and the marks of the
+ravages of the artillery are still visible, for, as usual, the conqueror
+did not concern himself about repairs. Since that time the place has
+been the arena of many remarkable events, among which was the tragical
+murder of the caliph Osman the Second. This has been followed up by many
+bloody executions; and at every turn gloomy sentiments, and the proud
+names of Turks and Greek princes, inscribed on the walls, speak the sad
+fate of those by whose hands they were traced. Towers filled with irons,
+chains, ancient arms, tombs, ruins, dungeons, cold and silent vaults, a
+pit called _the well of blood_, the funeral cry of owls and of vultures,
+mingled with the roar of the waves--such are the objects and sounds with
+which the eye and ear are familiarized in these dreary abodes, according
+to poor Ponqueville, the traveller, who speaks from experience--_within
+the walls._ All this is a sorry picture for the
+
+  "--Gentlemen of England,
+  Who live at home at ease."
+
+But the _state purposes_ to which the _Seven Towers_ are appropriated
+boast of comparative comfort, "the prisoners detained here being
+distinguished from all other prisoners of war by an allowance for the
+table which is assigned them by the sultan, and by the appellation of
+_mouzafirs_, or hostages.[1] It may, indeed," continues our traveller,
+"be considered as a great favour to be regarded in this light, comparing
+their situation with that of others, who fall into captivity among the
+Turks." Moreover, this castle is dignified as _an imperial fortress_,
+and governed by an aga with a guard and a band of music. Indeed, we
+suppose it a sort of lock-up house preparatory to more rigorous
+confinement; and its governorship is a peaceable and honourable post.
+The Turks who compose the garrison of the Seven Towers have, in the
+first place, the advantage of being esteemed persons of a certain
+distinction in their quarter; and, secondly, they are exempted from
+going out to war, to which every Musselman is liable.
+
+    [1] Probably on the plan of the lord mayor's household table.
+    Well, Swift is right in supposing the great art of life to be
+    that of hoaxing.
+
+This castle stands at the eastern extremity of the Propontis, or Sea of
+Marmara; it is a tolerably regular pentagon, four out of the five angles
+of which are flanked by towers; the fifth angle had also a tower, but it
+exists no longer. Its principal front is towards the west, and has,
+besides the tower at one of the angles, two others, which stand on each
+side the ancient triumphal arch of Constantine. The gate of entrance to
+the Seven Towers on the side of the town is to the east, in a small
+square. The longest side of the pentagon is that in which Constantine's
+arch is included; while towers existed at all the angles, this side
+presented a front of four towers; but it has now only three. The first
+marble tower is an enormous mass, between eighty and ninety feet high.
+
+The triumphal arch of Constantine, which occupies the centre between the
+two marble towers, conducts to the golden gate in the exterior enclosure
+of the castle. The arch was more than ninety feet in height; but it has
+been so much injured by artillery, that no idea can now be formed of its
+ornaments. In the second marble tower is the _Cave of Blood_: the first
+door by which it is entered is of wood; this opens into a corridor of
+twelve feet long by four feet wide, having at the end two iron steps
+ascending to an iron door, and this leads into a semicircular gallery;
+at its furthest extremity is a second iron door, which completes the
+gallery, and ten feet further an immense massive door enclosing the
+dungeon. In the midst of this sarcophagus is a well, the mouth of which
+is level with the ground, and half closed by two flag-stones; to this is
+given the name of the _well of blood_, because the heads of those who
+are executed in the dungeon are thrown into it. In the same tower with
+this dungeon is a staircase leading up to a number of cells; from some
+of them, which are higher than the ramparts, the eye may be gratified
+with a view over Constantinople through loop-holes pierced in the walls.
+Here the Turks formerly used to confine those whom they call
+_mouzafirs_, or hostages; but the latter have now the choice allowed
+them of hiring more eligible apartments.
+
+The first enclosure of the Seven Towers is inhabited chiefly by poor
+Turks, who have houses, and live there with their families. They also
+belong to the guard of the castle.
+
+The air of the Seven Towers is in general unwholesome, and very likely
+to produce scrofula. In the summer the walls, heated by the sun,
+transform the place into a furnace; and the apartments on the first
+floor are at all times extremely damp.
+
+Our engraving, aided by the subjoined references, will, however, enable
+our readers to form an accurate idea of the topography of the _Seven
+Towers_. It is copied from the Travels of M. Ponqueville, who devotes a
+chapter of his quarto volume to a minute description of towers, gardens,
+and fortresses. Nothing can exceed the horror with which his catalogue
+of their miseries is calculated to impress the reader; indeed, they fall
+but little short of some of the highly-wrought fictions of barbarous
+romance.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES FOR DECEMBER, 1827.
+
+(For the Mirror.)
+
+
+The sun enters the cardinal and tropical sign _Capricorn_ on the 22nd,
+attaining his greatest austral declination at 1h. 31m. afternoon.
+
+The moon is in opposition on the 3rd; in apogee on the 6th, and in
+conjunction and perigee on the 18th.
+
+Mercury is in perihelion on the 1st, becomes stationary on the 9th, and
+reaches his greatest elongation on the 19th, when he may be seen before
+sunrise, as well as a few preceding and succeeding mornings; be rises on
+the abovementioned day at 6h. 8m.
+
+Venus is in aphelio on the 18th, and in conjunction with the planet
+Herschel on the 28th at 9 h. evening; she sets on the 1st at 4 h. 48 m.,
+and on the 31st at 5-1/2 h. evening.
+
+Mars rises on the 1st at 3h, 14m., and on the 31st at 2 h. 46 m.
+morning.
+
+Jupiter rises on the 1st at 4 h. 39 m. and on the 31st at 3h. morning;
+he has now receded far enough from the sun to render the eclipses of his
+nearest moon visible; the first immersion will take place on the 3rd at
+6 h. 39 m. 4 s. morning; the next on the 19th at 4 h. 54 m. 42 s.
+morning, and the last on the 26th at 6 h. 48 m. 14 s. morning, those
+being the only ones that happen during the month.
+
+Saturn who commenced retrograding on the 2nd, last month, in 20 deg.
+18m. of _Cancer_, will on the 31st have reached 17 deg. 26 m. of the
+same sign, and will be found a few degrees below the star _Pollux_ in
+the constellation _Gemini_, rising on the 1st at 6h. 49m., and on the
+31st at 4 h. 27 m. evening.
+
+Herschel culminates on the 1st at 3 h. 23m., and on the 31st at 1 h. 17
+m.
+
+_Fomalhaut_ in Pisces, a star of the first magnitude, and very much
+resembling the planet Saturn, (except that its light is not so steady,)
+will be observed only a few degrees above the horizon in the south west,
+coming to the meridian at 6 h. 19 m. evening; _Markal_ in the wing of
+Pegasus, the flying horse at 6 h. 26 m. _Alpheratz_ and _Mirach_, the
+former in the head, and the latter in the girdle, of Andromeda at 7 h.
+31 m. and 8 h. 31 m. _Menkar_ in the jaw of _Cetus_ the whale at 10 h.
+24 m.; the four preceding are of the second magnitude. The _Pleiades_
+south at 11 h. 8m., and _Aldebaran_ in Taurus, generally called the
+Bull's Eye, a brilliant star of the first magnitude at 11 h. 56 m.; the
+upper or northern portion of the constellation _Orion_ at 12-1/2 h., and
+the lower or southern part at 1 h. morning.
+
+These remarks cannot be better concluded, than by calling the attention
+of the readers of the MIRROR to the unerring regularity of the motion of
+the heavenly bodies. Though their magnitude is so immense, the certainty
+and correctness of their movements during thousands of years, is far
+more exact than that of the best chronometer ever made, even during a
+single year: how great, then, must be the ignorance of him who does not
+behold in them the Almighty ruler of all things; and how great the folly
+of him, who says in his heart, and evinces by his conduct that he
+believes there is no God. And let him who denies what he cannot
+comprehend, be addressed in the impressive language of holy writ, "Canst
+thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of
+Orion? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou
+guide Arcturus with his Sons?" 14_th November_, 1827. PASCHE.
+
+       *       *       *       *      *
+
+
+COLD WINTER IS COMING.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--take care of your toes--
+    Gay Zephyr has folded his fan;
+  His lances are couch'd in the ice-wind that blows,
+    So mail up as warm as you can.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--he's ready to start
+    From his home on the mountains afar;
+  He is shrunken and pale--he looks froze to the heart,
+    And snow-wreaths embellish his car.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--Hark! did ye not hear
+    The blast which his herald has blown?
+  The children of Nature all trembled in fear,
+    For to them is his power made known.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--there breathes not a flower,
+    Though sometimes the day may pass fair!
+  The soft lute is removed from the lady's lorn bower,
+    Lest it coldly be touched by the air.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--all stript are the groves,
+    The passage-bird hastens away;
+  To the lovely blue South, like the tourist, he roves,
+    And returns like the sunshine in May.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--he'll breathe on the stream--
+    And the bane of his petrific breath
+  Will seal up the waters; till, in the moon-beam.
+    They lie stirless, as slumber or death!
+
+  Cold Winter is coming, and soon shall we see
+    On the panes, by that genius Jack Frost,
+  Fine drawings of mountain, stream, tower, an tree--
+    Framed and glazed too, without any cost.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming---ye delicate fair,
+    Take care when your hyson you sip;--
+  Drink it quick, and don't talk, lest he come unaware,
+    And turn it to ice on your lip.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--I charge you again--
+    Muffle warm--of the tyrant beware--
+  He's so brave, that to strike the young hero he's fain--
+    He's so told he'll not favour the fair.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--I've said so before--
+    It seems I've not much else to say;
+  Yes, Winter is coming, and God help the poor!
+    I wish it was going away,
+
+_Nov 5th 1827._ C. COLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAUTICAL PHRASES.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+Sir,--The annexed _Definition_ of Nautical, Names, &c. will not, I dare
+say, to most of your readers, be uninteresting. G.W.N.
+
+_The Starboard_ is the right side of the ship, as the _lar_-board is the
+left.
+
+_The Parrel_ is a movable band-rope, used to fasten the yard to its
+respective mast.
+
+_Backstays_ are long ropes, reaching from the right and left sides of
+the vessel to the mast heads.
+
+_Travellers_ are slight iron rings, encircling the backstays, and are
+used for hoisting the top-gallant yards, and confining them to the
+backstays.
+
+_Rolling-tackle_ is a number of pulleys, engaged to confine the yard to
+the weather side of the mast; this tackle is much used in a rough sea.
+
+_Booms_ are masts or yards, lying on board in reserve.
+
+_The Courses_ are the mainsail, foresail, and the mizen.
+
+_The Staysail_ is of a triangular form, running upon the
+fore-topmast-stay, just above the bowsprit.
+
+_Reef-tackles_ are ropes employed in the operation of reefing. &c.
+
+_Clue-lines_ are used to truss up the clues, or to lower the corners of
+the largest sails.
+
+_The Brake_ is the handle of the pump, by which it is worked.
+
+_Bowlines_ are ropes for keeping the windward edge of the sail steady.
+
+_The Wells_ are places in the ship's hold for the pumps, &c.
+
+_Earings_ are small lines, by which the uppermost corners of the largest
+sails are secured to the yard-arms.
+
+_Reefs_ are spaces by which the principal sails are reduced when the
+wind is too high, and enlarged again when its force abates.
+
+_Topsails_ are long and square, of the second degree in magnitude in all
+great ships.
+
+_Haliards_ are single ropes, by which the sails are hoisted up and
+lowered at pleasure.
+
+_Tally_ is the operation of hauling aft the _sheets_, or drawing them in
+the direction of the ship's stern.
+
+_Towing_ is the operation of drawing a vessel forward by means of long
+lines, &c.
+
+_Timoneer_, from the French _timonnier_, is a name given, on particular
+occasions, to the steersman of a ship.
+
+_Bars_ are large masses of sand or earth, formed by the surge of the
+sea; they are mostly found at the entrances of great rivers or havens,
+and often render navigation extremely dangerous.
+
+_The Ox-Eye_, so called by seamen, is a remarkable appearance in the
+heavens, resembling a small lurid speck, and always precedes two
+particular storms, known only between the tropics.
+
+_Azimuth-Compass_ is an instrument employed for ascertaining the sun's
+magnetical azimuth.
+
+_Studding-Sails_ are long and narrow, and are used only in fine weather,
+on the outside of the large square sails.
+
+_Stay-Sails_ have three corners, and are hoisted up on the stays when
+the wind crosses the ship.
+
+_Broaching-to_ is a sudden movement in navigation, when the ship, while
+scudding before the wind, accidentally turns her side to windward.
+
+_Wales_ are a number of strong and thick planks, covering the lower part
+of the ship's side.
+
+_Scud_ is a name given by sailors to the lowest clouds; which are mostly
+observed in squally weather.
+
+_The Sheets_ are ropes used for extending the clues, or lowering the
+corners of the sails.
+
+_Brails_ are ropes used to truss up a sail to a mast or yard.
+
+_Reef-Bands_ are long pieces of rough canvass sewed across the sails to
+give them additional strength.
+
+_Scudding_ is a term applied to a vessel when carried furiously along by
+a tempest.
+
+_Leeward_ implies when the ship lies on that side to which the wind is
+directed.
+
+_Windbound_ means when the ship is detained in one particular station by
+contrary winds.
+
+_Windward_ is when the ship is in the direction of the wind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHRONICLES OF THE CANONGATE.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+Sir,--Since my last communication to you on the subject of the works, so
+commonly spoken of as by the "Great Unknown"--"the Wizard of the North,"
+and other equally _novel cognomina_, the veil has been withdrawn; we now
+have the open avowal, both from his own lips, and under his own hand, of
+the authorship from the individual himself, who has so long, and, as it
+now appears, so justly, enjoyed the reputation of having written them.
+
+To judge from what he says in the second volume of "the Chronicles of
+the Canongate," just published--I mean in the character of Mr.
+Croftangry,--it is clear that he is conscious of such slips and
+carelessness as I have before pointed out. I am therefore at a loss to
+understand why he should allow them to remain like spots that deface the
+general beauty of his productions, as by submitting them for perusal to
+the merest Tyro in grammar or composition before they were sent to
+press, they could not fail of being obliterated.
+
+It is surely no very good policy for an artist, jealous of his
+reputation, knowingly to leave his works unfinished. Without, however,
+detaining you, or your readers, by such obvious remarks, I shall resume
+my task, hoping that you will be able to find room for the following in
+your useful and entertaining miscellany.
+
+In the first volume, p. 168, of the present work, we read: "She was once
+the beautiful and happy wife of Hamish Mac Tavish, _for whom his_
+strength and feats of prowess gained _him_ the title of Mac Tavish
+Mhor." This kind of style would scarcely be allowed to pass in
+Leadenhall-street. What is meant by _for whom_, with _his_ immediately
+following, and then _him_ a little after? Does not the author intend to
+say, that the strength, &c. of Mac Tavish gained him the title of Mac
+Tavish Mhor? If so, (and there can be no doubt of it from the context,)
+then he should have written the sentence thus: "_whose_ strength and
+feats of prowess had gained him the title of Mac Tavish Mhor."
+
+"He gained the road, mounted his pony, and rode upon his way," p. 183 of
+the same volume, is, in the latter part of it, another curious phrase.
+"He mounted his pony," says the author. May we not suppose he rode _upon
+it_ too? But he adds "_rode upon his way_."
+
+Again: "His reputed grandfather with his pockets stuffed out with Bank
+notes, would come to atone for his past cruelty, by _heaping his
+neglected grandchild_ with unexpected wealth," vol. 2., p. 87. We _heap
+up_ wealth, but not _persons with_ it, for that would hardly be kind. To
+_load one with_ wealth is a common expression.
+
+"Is it possible that _the bold adventurer can fix his thoughts on you_,
+and still be dejected _at the thoughts_ that a bonny blue-eyed lass
+looked favourably on a less-lucky fellow than himself?" vol. 2, p. 136.
+Such is the question put by Middlemas to his friend Hartley, when
+speaking together on the subject of the interesting Menic Grey, and his
+projected Indian trip. But how could he ask if the _bold adventurer
+fixed his thoughts on him_, when it was the person addressed who
+entertained the idea of becoming one? and how, if the _bold adventurer
+was dejected?_ when he had already distinguished him, taking the words
+in their proper application, as another individual in a general sense.
+It is altogether a singular specimen of abstruse phraseology. Then "_fix
+his thoughts_" "dejected at _the thoughts_." Fie upon it!
+
+"Hartley fell a victim to his professional courage, in _withstanding_
+the progress of a contagious distemper, which he at length caught, and
+under which he sank," vol. 2, p. 367. If he withstood the progress of
+the disease, how could he fall a victim to it? The author should have
+said, "in his _endeavours to withstand_" or "_arrest_ the progress of
+it."
+
+"So stood the feelings of the young man, when, one day after dinner, the
+doctor snuffing the candle, and taking from his pouch the great leathern
+pocketbook in which he deposited particular papers, with a small supply
+of the most necessary and active medicines, _he_ took from it Mr.
+Monçada's letters, and requested Richard Middlemas's serious attention,"
+vol. 2, p. 88 and 89. Who is _he_? _the doctor_? Is he not mentioned
+before? And there he is left to stand without his natural support, for
+_he_ has _taken_ it _from_ him. Does not the writer of this sentence
+recollect "My banks _they_ are furnished with bees." I could add another
+_take from_ to the page by way of note.
+
+_The following I leave without comment._
+
+"Judg_e_ment," vol. 1, p. 2; vol. 6, p. 6. and judgment, vol. 1, p. 85,
+_a_ heraldic shield, vol. 1, p. 68; desir_e_able, vol. 2, p. 39.
+
+As much iron as would have _builded_ a brig, vol. 1, page 68. A good
+tune is _grinded_, vol. 1, p. 143. Butler and Mercer had both _spoke_ to
+their disparagement, vol. 2, p. 289.
+
+Worthy Mr. Piper, best of contractors _who_ ever furnished four frampal
+jades, vol. 1, p. 45.
+
+With the next morning I _will_ still see the double summit of the
+ancient Dan, vol. 1, p. 229.
+
+And then I _will_ find it easier to have you prosecuted, vol. 2, p. 169.
+
+We _will_ be happy, if it is in our power, to repay a part of our
+obligations, vol. 2, p. 222.
+
+Thou art the fiend who _hast_ occasioned my wretchedness in this world,
+and who _will_ share my eternal misery in the next, vol. 2, p. 229.
+
+He found himself under the alternative of being with him on decent and
+distant terms, or of breaking off with him altogether. The first of
+these courses might perhaps have been the _wisest_, but the other was
+the _most_ congenial to the blunt and plain character of Hartley, vol.
+2, p. 256.
+
+He inquired _at_ their superior for Barak el Hadgi, vol. 2, p. 263.
+
+And inquiring _at_ those whom he considered the best newsmongers, vol.
+2, p. 276.
+
+He faltered out inquiries _at_ his niece, vol. 1, p. 20.
+
+Your father asked none save _at_ his courage and his sword, vol. 1, p.
+260.
+
+The concluding (_of_) a literary undertaking, vol. 2, p. 1.
+
+I would as soon dress a corpse, when the great fiend himself--God sain
+us--stood visibly before us, _than_ when Elspat of the Free is amongst
+us, vol. 1, p. 250. November 7, 1827. Oculus.[2]
+
+    [2] We are compelled to defer our Correspondent's Notes on his
+    second reading of Ivanhoe--Ed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LETTER
+
+
+_Written in the Condemned Cells, Newgate, by Captain Lee, the night
+previous to his execution, being convicted of forging a bill of exchange
+for 15l. on the Ordnance Office._
+
+_Newgate, March_ 3, 1784.
+
+My Dear Sir,--Before this reaches you, the head that dictates and the
+hand that traces these lines shall be no more. Earthly cares shall all
+be swallowed up, and the death of an unthinking man shall have atoned
+for the trespass he has committed against the laws of his country. But
+ere the curtain be for ever dropped, or remembrance leave this tortured
+breast, let me take this last and solemn leave of one with whom I have
+passed so many social and instructive hours, whose conversation I fondly
+cultivated, and whose friendship for me I hope will remain, even after
+the clay-cold hand of death has closed my eyes in everlasting darkness.
+
+I cannot think you will view this letter with stoic coolness, or with
+listless indifference. Absorbed as the generality of men are in the
+pursuits of pleasure or the avocations of business, there are times when
+the mind looks inward upon itself, when a review of past follies induces
+us to future amendment, and when a consciousness of having acted wrong
+leads us to resolutions of doing right. In one of those fortunate
+moments may you receive these last admonitions! Shun but the rock on
+which I have struck, and you will be sure to avoid the shipwreck I have
+suffered. Initiated in the army at an early period of life, I soon
+anticipated not only the follies, but even the vices of my companions.
+Before, however, I could share with undisturbed repose in the wickedness
+of others, it was necessary to remove from myself what the infidel terms
+the prejudices of a Christian education. In this I unfortunately
+succeeded; and conceiving from my tenderest years a taste for reading,
+my sentiments were confirmed, not by the flimsy effusions of empty
+libertines, but by the specious sophistry of modern philosophers. It
+must be owned that at first I was rather pleased with the elegance of
+their language than the force of their reasoning; as, however, we are
+apt to believe what we eagerly wish to be true, in a short time I soon
+became a professed deist. My favourite author was the late celebrated
+David Hume. I constantly urged his exemplary behaviour in private as a
+strong argument in favour of his doctrines, forgetting that his literary
+life was uniformly employed in diffusing his pernicious tenets, and his
+utmost endeavours were constantly exerted in extending the baneful
+influence of his philosophical principles. Happy for me had I always
+been actuated by the considerations which fill my bosom at this moment,
+and which I hope will animate me in that awful part to-morrow's sun
+shall see me perform. But the die is cast, and I leave to the world this
+mournful memento, "that however much a man may be favoured by personal
+qualifications, or distinguished by mental endowments, genius will be
+useless, and abilities avail but little, unless accompanied by a sense
+of religion, and attended by the practice of virtue; destitute of these,
+he will only be mounted on the wings of folly, that he may fall with
+greater force into the dark abyss of endless despair."
+
+On my returning to a belief of the truths of Christianity, I have been
+very much assisted by the pious exhortations of the ordinary, as well as
+by the book he has put into my hands; and I feel a comfort which I am
+unable to express by this his charitable and benevolent attention to me.
+I believe there is no passion more prevalent in the human breast than
+the wish that our memory should be held in remembrance. I shudder at the
+thought lest my name should be branded with infamy, when I lie
+mouldering in the dust, as I know well that the tongue of malice is ever
+loud against the failings of the unfortunate. When, however, my
+character is insulted, and my poor reputation attacked, extenuate, I
+beseech you, the enormity of my crime, by relating the hardships of my
+sufferings. Tell to the giddy and affluent, that, strangers to the
+severity of want, they know not the pain of withstanding the almost
+irresistible calls of nature. The poor will, I trust, commiserate my
+misfortunes, and shed a sympathetic tear at the mournful tale of my
+miserable fate. I can say no more. Heaven have mercy on us all!
+
+Adieu for ever. J. LEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARTING FOR THE POLE.
+
+
+  _He._--Now weep not Poll because I go,
+    There's no need, I declare,
+  For when among the Esquimaux,
+    I've too much blubber there.
+
+  Women mis-doubt a sailor's word,
+    We don't deserve the wipe;
+  For when they pipe us all aboard,
+    Aboard we all do pipe.
+
+  We've rocks, when all our tears are past,
+    The sailor's heart to shock,
+
+  _She._.--Why yes, Jack--when you're on the mast,
+    You're sure to have a rock.
+
+  _He._--You'll find some fellow on dry ground,
+    You will prefer to me,
+  To him I see you will be bound,
+    While I'm bound to the sea.
+
+  But if I sail the world around,
+    I'll be a faithful rover,
+
+  _She._--Poh! you'll forget me I'll be bound
+    When you are half seas over.
+
+  _He._--And when alas, your Jack is gone,
+    You'll think of naught but jigging,
+  And you will sport your rigging on,
+    While Jack is on the rigging.
+
+  Where winter's ice around us grows,
+    And storms upon us roll,
+
+  _She._--Ah, that's the time I do suppose
+  They look out for the pole.
+
+  _He._--But if I should be sunk d'ye see,
+
+  _She._--Bring up a coral wreath,
+
+  _He._--Why if I were beneath the sea,
+    I could not see beneath.
+
+  _She._--Yet if you should be cast away,
+    Without a cloak, or victual,
+  Remember me, a little, pray,
+    You'd better pray a little.
+
+  But tho' you wish us now to splice,
+    Our hands--your love won't hold,
+  For when you get among the ice,
+    I'm sure you will grow cold.
+
+  I have your money--here's a kiss,
+    I will be true to you,
+  But one word more, "adieu" it is,
+    Cries Jack, it is a do.             MAY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARDS, OR POETS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Hail! to the Bards, who sweetly sung
+    The praises of dead peers
+  In lofty strains, thus to prolong
+    Their fame for many years.        LUCAN.
+
+This sect appears to have descended from _Bardus_, son of _Druis_, king
+of Britain; he was much esteemed by the people for inventing songs and
+music, in praise of meritorious actions; and established an order, in
+which such of the people were admitted as excelled in his art,
+distinguishing them by the name of _bards_, after his own name. Julius
+Caesar reports, that on his arrival he found some of them. Their
+business was to record the noble exploits of their warriors in songs and
+ditties, which they sung to their instruments at the solemn feasts of
+their chiefs; and in such high estimation were they held, that, when two
+armies were ready to engage, if a bard stept in between them, both sides
+delayed the attack till he was out of danger.
+
+As these bards were neither repugnant to the Roman authority nor the
+Christian religion, they alone, above all other sects, were suffered to
+continue long after the birth of Christ; and it is said that some of
+them are still to be found in the isle of Bardsey, (so named from them).
+_Wisbech_. T.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SCOTTISH PEASANT'S LAMENT.
+
+BY THE AUTHOR OF AHAB.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Oh! had I my home by the side of the glen,
+  In a spot far remote from the dwellings of men,
+  Wi' my ain bonnie Jeannie to sit by my side,
+  I'd nae envy auld Reekie her splendor and pride.
+  The song of the mavis should wake me at morn,
+  And the grey breasted lintie reply from the thorn;
+  While the clear brook should run in the sun's yellow beam,
+  And my days glide as calmly along as its stream.
+
+  But here, in the city's dull streets, I must live,
+  Nae Jeannie her arms for my pillow to give;
+  Nae mavis, nae lintie, to sing from the tree,
+  Nae streamlet to murmur its music to me.
+  O better, by far, had I never been born,
+  Or my head laid in rest in the glen 'neath the thorn;
+  Since the songs of my birds I no longer can hear,
+  Nor in slumber recline by the side of my dear.
+
+  Now, all that makes life still endured, is the dream,
+  That comes o'er my soul, of the bird and the stream;
+  And the love of my Jean--when that vision shall close,
+  In the silence of death let my ashes repose.
+  Yet then, even then, my sad spirit will be,
+  By the side of the brook, 'neath the shade of the tree;
+  In the arms of my Jeannie, for ne'er can it stay,
+  From those who in life had endeared it away.
+
+_Nov_. 25. 1827. S.P.J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON A SQUINTING POETESS.
+
+
+  To no _one_ muse does she her glance confine,
+  But has an eye at once, to _all the nine!_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.
+
+No. XVI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FISHING IN THE RIVER YEOU.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fisherman]
+
+The fishery of the Yeou, in Bornou, is a very considerable source of
+commerce to the inhabitants of its banks; and the manner of fishing (as
+represented in the above engraving) is ingenious though simple. The
+Bornouese make very good nets of a twine spun from a perennial plant
+called _kalimboa_: the implements for fishing are two large gourds
+nicely balanced, and fixed on a large stem of bamboo, at the extreme
+ends; the fisherman launches this on the river, and places himself
+astride between the two gourds, and thus he floats with the stream, and
+throws his net. He has also floats of cane, and weights, of small
+leathern bags of sand: he beats up against the stream, paddling with his
+hands and feet, previous to his drawing the net, which, as it rises from
+the water, he lays before him as he sits; and with a sort of mace, which
+he carries for the purpose, the fish are stunned by a single blow. His
+drag, finished, the fish are taken out, and thrown into the gourds,
+which are open at the top, to receive the produce of his labour. These
+wells being filled, he steers for the shore, unloads, and again returns
+to the sport.--_Denhani's Travels in Africa._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARABIAN HORSES.
+
+
+_Sir John Malcolm_, in his Sketches of Persia, gives the following
+interesting anecdotes of these noble creatures:--
+
+Hyder, the elchee's master of the chase, was the person who imparted
+knowledge to me on all subjects relating to Arabian horses. He would
+descant by the hour on the qualities of a colt that was yet untried, but
+which, he concluded, must possess all the perfections of its sire and
+dam, with whose histories, and that of their progenitors, he was well
+acquainted. Hyder had shares in five or six famous brood mares; and he
+told me a mare was sometimes divided amongst ten or twelve Arabs, which
+accounted for the groups of half-naked fellows whom I saw watching, with
+anxiety, the progress made by their managing partner in a bargain for
+one of the produce. They often displayed, on these occasions, no small
+violence of temper; and I have more than once observed a party leading
+off their ragged colt in a perfect fury, at the blood of Daghee or
+Shumehtee, or some renowned sire or grandsire, being depreciated by an
+inadequate offer, from an ignorant Indian or European.
+
+The Arabs place still more value on their mares than on their horses;
+but even the latter are sometimes esteemed beyond all price. When the
+envoy, returning from his former mission, was encamped near Bagdad, an
+Arab rode a bright bay horse of extraordinary shape and beauty, before
+his tent, till he attracted his notice. On being asked if he would sell
+him--"What will you give me?" said he. "It depends upon his age; I
+suppose he is past five?" "Guess again," was the reply. "Four." "Look at
+his mouth," said the Arab, with a smile. On examination he was found
+rising three; this, from his size and perfect symmetry, greatly enhanced
+his value. The envoy said, "I will give you fifty tomans[3]." "A little
+more, if you please," said the fellow, apparently entertained.
+"Eighty!--a hundred!" He shook his head, and smiled. The offer came at
+last to two hundred tomans! "Well," said the Arab, seemingly quite
+satisfied, "you need not tempt me any farther--it is of no use; you are
+a fine elchee; you have fine horses, camels, and mules, and I am told
+you have loads of silver and gold: now," added he, "you want my colt,
+but you shall not have him for all you have got." So saying, he rode off
+to the desert, whence he had come, and where he, no doubt, amused his
+brethren with an account of what had passed between him and the European
+envoy.
+
+    [3] A toman is a nominal coin nearly the value of a pound
+    sterling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARIS.
+
+
+Paris is, as it were, abandoned to foreign travellers in September and
+October. It is not till the first symptoms of cold are felt somewhat
+severely, that life in the capital is resumed in all its tumult. The
+Paris season is the reverse of that of London. It commences at the end
+of November, and closes at the beginning of May. The period of your
+hunting is that of our drawing-room parties. Previous to November, Paris
+may be compared to a vast lazaretto, where the valetudinarians of every
+country take refuge.--_Monthly Magazine_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUSICIAN OF MANDARA.
+
+
+[Illustration: Musician blowing a long pipe]
+
+The above engraving represents one of the musicians of the Sultan of
+Mandara; blowing a long pipe not unlike a clarionet, ornamented with
+shells. These artists, with two immense trumpets from twelve to fourteen
+feet long, borne by men on horseback, made of pieces of hollow wood with
+a brass mouth-piece, usually precede the sovereign on any important
+visit. The costume and attitude of the musician are highly
+characteristic of savage mirth.
+
+The chiefs in this part of Africa are also attended by a _band_ carrying
+drums, and singing extempore songs, a translation of one of which is
+subjoined from "Denham's Travels," whence the engraving is copied.
+
+  Christian man he come,
+    Friend of us and Sheikhobe;
+  White man, when he hear my song,
+    Fine new tobe give me.
+
+  Christian man all white,
+    And dollars white have he;
+  Kanourie, like him, come,
+    Black man's friend to be.
+
+  From Felatah, how he run;
+    Barca Gana shake his spear:
+  White man carry two-mouthed gun;
+    That's what make Felatah fear.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HUNTING IN PERSIA.
+
+
+In Persia, persons of the highest rank lead their own greyhounds in a
+long silken leash, which passes through the collar, and is ready to slip
+the moment the huntsman chooses. The well-trained dog goes alongside the
+horse, and keeps clear of him when at full speed, and in all kinds of
+country. When a herd of antelopes is seen, a consultation is held, and
+the most experienced determine the point towards which they are to be
+driven. The field (as an English sportsman would term it) then disperse,
+and while some drive the herd in the desired direction, those with the
+dogs take their post on the same line, at the distance of about a mile
+from each other; one of the worst dogs is then slipped at the herd, and
+from the moment he singles out an antelope the whole body are in motion.
+The object of the horsemen who have greyhounds is to intercept its
+course, and to slip fresh dogs, in succession, at the fatigued animal.
+In rare instances the second dog kills. It is generally the third or
+fourth; and even these, when the deer is strong, and the ground
+favourable, often fail. This sport, which is very exhilarating, was the
+delight of the late King of Persia, Aga Mahomed Khan, whose taste is
+inherited by the present sovereign.--_Sketches of Persia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIOUS WATCHMEN IN NORWAY.
+
+
+In Drontheim, the ancient capital of Norway, it appears, that the
+guardians of the night not only _watch_, but _pray_ for the souls of the
+inhabitants. Mr. Brooke, in his recent travels, says, "as each hour
+elapses, they are prepared with a different kind of exhortation or
+prayer; which, forming a sort of tune or chant, is sung by them during
+the drear hours of the night." Of one of these pious songs, he gives the
+following literal translation:
+
+  "Ho! the Watchman, ho!
+  The clock has struck ten,
+  Praised be God, our Lord!
+  Now it is time to go to bed.
+  The housewife and her maid,
+  The master as well as his lad.
+  The wind is south-east.
+  Hallelujah! praised be God, our Lord!"
+
+"The _voekter_, or watchman, is armed with an instrument as remarkable
+as his cry, being nothing less than a long pole, at the end of which is
+a ball, well fortified with iron spikes. This weapon is called _morgen
+stierne_, or the morning star. At Drontheim, however, bands of
+pick-pockets and thieves are unknown, and the morning star does little
+more than grace the hand of the Norwegian watchman."
+
+As the axe of reform is just laid to the watching system of London, we
+may profit by the example of our Northern brethren; for it appears, they
+not only watch over the temporal, but spiritual concerns of their
+citizens, and it should seem, with salutary effect: but the _vespers_
+and _matins_, of a watchman in England, would meet with many unholy
+interruptions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONDON CLUB-HOUSES.
+
+
+Club-houses are by no means a new invention; and yet the improvements
+upon the old plan, which was itself an improvement upon the former
+coffee-house, is sufficiently interesting, and sufficiently unknown to
+the people in general, to render some account of their advantages not
+superfluous. The modern club is a tavern and newsroom, where the members
+are both guests and landlord. The capital is derived from a sum paid by
+each member on entrance, and the general annual expenses, such as
+house-rent, servants, &c. are defrayed by an annual subscription. The
+society elects a committee for its execution and government, and meets
+at stated intervals for legislative measures. The committee appoint a
+steward to manage its affairs, and a secretary to keep the accounts, to
+take minutes of the proceedings of meetings, and transact the business
+of correspondence. The domestic servants are placed under the immediate
+direction of the steward; but above all in the choice of a cook, the
+discretion of the committee is most especially exerted. A house being
+thus established where the society is at home, the rooms are thrown open
+for their various accommodation. In the apartments destined for eating,
+members may breakfast, lunch, dine, and sup, as they list; a bill of
+fare of great variety is prepared; and the gourmand has nothing more to
+do than to study its contents, and write the names of the dishes he
+desires on a bill prepared for the purpose; to mention whether he orders
+dinner for himself alone, or in company with others; and at what time he
+chooses to dine, whether immediately, or at some subsequent hour. At the
+close of his dinner this bill or demand is presented to him with the
+prices annexed, and prompt payment is the law.
+
+Wine is bottled in quarts, pints, and even half-pints, and may be had at
+some institutions even in glasses: it is not needless to observe,
+moreover, that there is no necessity either of fashion or regulation to
+drink it at all. At an inn, a bottle of wine must be ordered for the
+"good of the house," that the waiter may not despise you and be surly:
+that, in short, the guest may be tolerably accommodated in other
+matters; although, perhaps, the wine itself (wretched stuff generally at
+inns) is his abhorrence--though he may never drink any thing but water,
+and may send the decanter away untouched--the tax must be paid. Besides
+this entertainment for the grosser senses, the more refined appetites
+are considered. In some clubs, the "Travellers" for instance, a library
+is provided; and at most of them, even the most unintellectual, a
+library of reference is supplied. Here all the periodicals of the day
+are laid upon the tables--both those of Great Britain and of the
+continent, together with the newspapers, metropolitan and provincial,
+and in some instances the political journals of Paris. This part of the
+house may be considered the general resort of the gossippers and
+quidnuncs; and here, or in other more commodious places, materials for
+writing, paper, pens, lights, &c. are found. Drawing-rooms, one or more,
+are next to be mentioned--here the members take their tea or their ease;
+and where cards are played, this is the scene of operation. A
+billiard-room is an agreeable addition to the accommodation of the
+society's house, and several of the inferior apartments are always
+devoted to serve as dressing-rooms. It is clear, that a bachelor wants
+nothing beyond this but a bed; if he chooses to live in this sort of
+public privacy he may; and should he be only a sojourner in town, the
+convenience of a resort of this kind wherein he may make his
+appointments, receive and write his letters, see society, take his
+dinner, spend his evening, if not otherwise engaged, over the books, the
+newspapers, or a rubber of whist, and do all but sleep--a bed in the
+neighbourhood may supply the article of repose.--Thus all physical
+wants, and many social ones, are abundantly, and even luxuriously
+supplied.--_London Magazine_.
+
+[While upon "clubs," we may as well advert to the prospectus of "_The
+Literary Club_," which has reached us since our last. It professes to be
+"associated for the _assistance_ of men of letters, the development of
+talent, and the furtherance of the interests of literature." It not only
+aims at _charitable_ provision for the weaknesses and infirmities of
+nature, but anticipates "harmony and friendship" among literary men, and
+"as little as possible on any system of exclusion." This is as it should
+be; but we fear the workings and conflicts of passion and interest are
+still too strong to admit of such harmony among the sons of genius.
+Authorship is becoming, if not already become, too much of a trade or
+craft to admit of such a pacificatory scheme: but the object of the
+association is one of the highest importance to literature, and we
+heartily wish it success.--ED. MIRROR.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
+
+
+Why are the English so fond of clubs, corporate bodies, joint-stock
+companies, and large associations of all kinds?--Because they are the
+most unsociable set of people in the world; for being mostly at variance
+with each other, they are glad to get any one else to join and be on
+their side; having no spontaneous attraction, they are forced to fasten
+themselves into the machine of society; and each holds out in his
+individual shyness and reserve, till he is carried away by the crowd,
+and borne with a violent, but welcome, shock against some other mass of
+aggregate prejudice or self-interest. The English join together to get
+rid of their sharp points and sense of uncomfortable peculiarity. Hence
+their clubs, their mobs, their sects, their parties, their spirit of
+co-operation, and previous understanding in every thing. An English mob
+is a collection of violent and headstrong humours, acting with double
+force from each man's natural self-will, and the sense of opposition to
+others; and the same may be said of the nation at large. The French
+unite and separate more easily; and therefore do not collect into such
+formidable masses, and act with such unity and tenacity of purpose. It
+is the same with their ideas, which easily join together, and easily
+part company, but do not form large or striking masses; and hence the
+French are full of wit and fancy, but without imagination or principle.
+The French are governed by fashion, the English by cabal. _London Weekly
+Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PROTESTANT BURIAL-GROUND AT ROME.
+
+
+The Cemeterio degli Inglesi, or the Protestant burial-ground, stretches
+calmly and beautifully below the Pyramid of Cestius. The site was
+admirably chosen,--nothing can be more poetically and religiously
+sepulchral than this most attractive spot. It is worth a thousand
+churches. No one can stand long there without feeling in full descent
+upon his spirit the very best influences of the grave. The rich, red,
+ruinous battlements of the city, broken only by the calm and solid unity
+of the Pyramid; the clustering foliage beginning to brown on the ancient
+towers of the entrance; the deep, still, blue sky; the fluttering leaves
+of the vines which floated around, as one by one they dropped from the
+branches; the freshness of the green mounds at my feet,--these and a
+thousand other features, fully felt at the time, but untranslateable to
+writing, conveyed precisely that philosophy of Death which the poet and
+sculptor have more than once attempted to breathe over their most
+enchanting works, and which here seems an emanation from every object
+which you feel or see. I would place in this spot their Genius of
+Repose, that beautiful statue which joins its hands indolently on its
+head, and casts its melancholy eyes for ever towards the earth; that
+statue, so beautiful that it has been often confounded with the Grecian
+Eros, or the Celestial Love, and is, in itself, the best type of the
+messenger who is one day to lead us gently from the heat and toils of
+this world, into the coolness and tranquillity of the next. Every thing
+here is in unison with these thoughts. At a few paces distant from the
+Pyramid, and adjoining the wall, the Cippi and funeral Soroi of the
+Strangers are to be seen. The bright verdure and the bright marbles, the
+classical purity of the monuments, the desert air, the austere solemnity
+of every thing about me, came with new force upon my imagination. I
+walked slowly amongst the tombs, and tried to decipher the inscriptions.
+The dead are of various nations,--English, American, but principally
+German. Sometimes a cluster of cypresses shadowed the tomb--sometimes a
+fair flowering shrub had twined around it. The epitaphs were written
+with elegance always; at times with the deepest tenderness and beauty.
+Each had his short history, each his melancholy interest and adventure.
+Here was the man of science and literature, who came to lay down his
+head, after a painful and varied pilgrimage, in this City of the Soul. A
+Humboldt was buried here; a Thorwalsden yet may. Here reposes clay too
+finely tempered for the unkindnesses of mankind--Keats lies near;--a
+little farther is one who, on the point of quitting Rome to rejoin an
+affectionate family after a too long absence, full of the anticipations
+of the traveller and of youth, is thrown from his carriage at a mile's
+distance from the city, and never quits Rome more;--beside him is an
+only child, whom the sun of Italy could not save;--and next, one who
+perished suddenly, like Miss Bathurst, in the very bud and bloom of
+existence,--or another, who died away, day after day, in the embraces of
+her parents, and now rests in the midst of the beautiful in vain. The
+graceful lines of Petrarch are inscribed on the sarcophagus--they are
+full of feeling and the country, and make one pause and dream:--
+
+  "Non come fiamma, che per forza è spenta,
+  Ma che per se medesma si consuma,
+  Se n'anḍ in pace, l'anima contenta."
+
+No epitaph could be better. _New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+QUACKS
+
+
+Have nearly the same interest as knaves in concealing their ignorance
+and frauds, and for the most part regard with the same fear and
+detestation the instrument which unmasks their pretensions. This must be
+understood with some qualification, because the exposure of ignorance
+and fraud is not always sufficient to open the eyes, and enlighten the
+understandings, of mankind. Some perverse dupes are not to be reasoned
+out of their infatuation; they had rather hug the impostor, than confess
+the cheat; and quacks, speculating upon this infirmity of human nature,
+will sometimes court even an infamous notoriety.--_Lancet._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANECDOTES OF THE MARVELLOUS.
+
+
+_Charming away the Hooping Cough._
+
+An English lady, the wife of an officer, accompanied her husband to
+Dublin not very long ago, when his regiment was ordered to that station.
+She engaged an Irish girl as nurse-maid in her family; and, a short time
+after her arrival, was astonished by an urgent request from this damsel,
+to permit her to _charm_ little miss from _ever_ having the
+hooping-cough, (then prevailing in Dublin). The lady inquired how this
+_charming_ business was performed; and not long after had, in walking
+through the streets, many times the pleasure of witnessing the process,
+which is simply this:--An ass is brought before the door of a house,
+into whose mouth a piece of bread is introduced; and the child being
+passed three times over and under the animal's body, the charm is
+completed; and of its efficacy in preventing the spread of a very
+distressing, and sometimes fatal disorder, the lower class of Irish are
+_certain_.
+
+_The Legend of Hell Mary Hill._
+
+Not many miles from Sheffield, as I was told by one who resided near the
+place, there is a forest; and in an out-of-the-way part of it, a hill,
+tolerably high, covered with wood, and vulgarly called Hell Mary Hill,
+though probably this is a name corrupted from one more innocent or holy.
+Near the top of it is a cave, containing, it is _said_, a chest of
+money,--a great iron chest, _so_ full, that when the sun shines bright
+upon it, the gold can be seen through the key-hole; but it has never yet
+been stolen, because, in the first place, a huge black cat (and wherever
+a black cat is there is mischief, you may be sure) guards the treasure,
+which bristles up, and, fixing a _gashful_ gaze on the would-be
+marauder, with fiery eyes, seems ready to devour him if he approach
+within a dozen yards of the cave; and, secondly, whenever this creature
+is off guard, (and it has occasionally been seen in a neighbouring
+village,) and the treasure has been attempted to be withdrawn from its
+tomb, no mortal rope has been able to sustain its weight, each that has
+been tried invariably breaking when the coffer was at the very mouth of
+the cave; which, being endowed with the gift of locomotion, has
+immediately retrograded into its pristine situation! I have mentioned
+this tradition, as it was told to me, because it is so curiously
+coincident with the German superstition of treasure buried within the
+Hartz mountains, guarded, and ever disappointing the cupidity of those
+who would discover and possess themselves of it.
+
+
+_Fairy Loaves._
+
+Being lately in Norfolk, I discovered that the rustics belonging to the
+part of it in which I was staying, particularly regarded a kind of
+fossil-stone, which much resembled a sea-egg petrified, and was found
+frequently in the flinty gravel of that county. They esteemed such
+stones sacred to the elfin train, and termed them fairy loaves,
+forbearing to touch them, lest misfortunes should come upon them for the
+sacrilege. An old woman told me, that as she was trudging home one night
+from her field-work, she took up one of these fossils, and was going to
+carry it home with her; but was soon obliged to drop it, and take to her
+heels as quick as might be, from hearing a wrathful voice exclaim,
+though she saw nobody, "Give me my loaf! Give me back my loaf, I
+say!"--_New London Literary Gazette_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+
+HOGARTH'S MARRIAGE-A-LA-MODE.
+
+
+Hogarth's admirable series of pictures, entitled _Marriage-à-la-mode_,
+were at first slightly treated by the public, at which the artist was
+greatly incensed. Being in want of money, he was at length obliged to
+dispose of them to Mr. Lane, of Hillington, for one hundred and twenty
+guineas. The pictures being in good frames, which cost Hogarth four
+guineas a piece, his remuneration for painting this valuable series was
+but a few shillings more than one hundred pounds. On the demise of Mr.
+Lane, they became the property of his nephew, Colonel Cawthorn, who very
+highly valued them. In the year 1797 they were sold by auction, at
+Christie's, Pall Mall, for the sum of one thousand guineas; the liberal
+purchaser being the late Mr. Angerstein. They now belong to government,
+and are the most attractive objects in the National Gallery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMPTON COURT PALACE.
+
+
+The gardens and park, which are three miles in circumference, appear to
+me to be above all competition. As you enter, you are struck with the
+majestic beauty of the trees, and the fine gravel walks. As you advance,
+the fountains and statues demand your admiration; particularly the
+famous _Gladiator_, which was brought from Rome. While in the gardens,
+the statues of Flora, Ceres, Pomona, and Diana, placed on the west front
+of the building, are seen to much advantage.
+
+The magnificent palace was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey, and
+consists of three principal quadrangles. Here Cromwell resided, and it
+was the favourite residence of William and Mary. It is chiefly built of
+brick, and is very capacious, more so than any other royal palace in the
+British empire. Arriving at the great entrance, you almost seem as if
+you were about to enter a fairy castle. The floor of the hall is laid
+out in beautiful square slabs of marble, and a staircase of the same
+material leads you to the upper apartments, which contain pictures and
+numerous curiosities.
+
+Among the fine paintings, I shall notice a few, which appear to me as
+being perfect master-pieces. But I must first take the liberty of saying
+a word or two about the _gentleman_ who conducts you through the rooms
+to _explain_ the several pictures. When I had the pleasure of being with
+him, his hair was powdered, and he carried a silver-headed cane. He
+hurried me through the rooms, filling my ears with such gibberish as
+this:--"That ere picture, sir, up there, was painted, five hundred years
+ago, for William the Conqueror, by Wandyke."[4] This is no mean blunder
+in chronology!
+
+    [4] Sir Antony Vandyke, who died about the year 1640.
+
+There is a fine portrait of _William the Third on horseback_, of the
+size of life, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the horse is painted in a side
+view, and has a good effect. There are eight fine female portraits of
+distinguished personages, by the same hand, in the highest state of
+preservation.
+
+_Bandinella, the Sculptor_, by Corregio, is a most beautiful portrait.
+The face of the sculptor is full of vivid expression, and the gold chain
+about his neck is almost a deception. This painting, and a _Holy
+Family_, are all we find of the great Corregio at Hampton Court.
+
+_Charles the First_, on horseback, by Sir A. Vandyke, is certainly much
+superior to the portrait of William, mentioned above. As a painter, Sir
+Godfrey cannot be ranked with Vandyke, though, I believe, the former
+considered himself much higher in the arts than the latter. The picture
+before us is an admirable specimen of Vandyke's powers.
+
+_George the Third_, likewise on horseback, reviewing his troops on
+Hounslow Heath, by Sir William Beechey, R.A. This picture is
+unquestionably one of Sir William's best productions, and does honour to
+the fine arts of this country. With the above portraits, there are
+others by West, &c., which possess considerable merit.
+
+There are, also, several choice specimens of Titian, Holbein, and
+Domenichino; with a few cabinet pictures in the Dutch school, by
+Teniers, Ostade, &c. In this palace are Raphael's celebrated cartoons,
+which are too _well_ known to need describing in this place. G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A BALLAD SINGER.
+
+
+_A Ballad-Singer_ is a town-crier for the advertising of lost tunes.
+Hunger hath made him a wind-instrument; his want is vocal, and not he.
+His voice had gone a-begging before he took it up, and applied it to the
+same trade; it was too strong to hawk mackerel, but was just soft enough
+for "Robin Adair." His business is to make popular songs unpopular,--he
+gives the air, like a weather-cock, with many variations. As for a key,
+he has but one--a latch-key--for all manner of tunes; and as they are to
+pass current amongst the lower sorts of people, he makes his notes like
+a country banker's, as thick as he can. His tones have a copper sound,
+for he sounds for copper; and for the musical divisions he hath no
+regard, but sings on, like a kettle, without taking any heed of the
+bars. Before beginning he clears his pipe with gin; and is always hoarse
+from the thorough draft in his throat. He hath but one shake, and that
+is in winter. His voice sounds flat, from flatulence; and he fetches
+breath, like a drowning kitten, whenever he can. Notwithstanding all
+this, his music gains ground, for it walks with him from end to end of
+the street. He is your only performer that requires not many entreaties
+for a song; for he will chant, without asking, to a street cur, or a
+parish post. His only backwardness is to a stave after dinner, seeing
+that he never dines; for he sings for bread, and though corn has ears,
+sings very commonly in vain. As for his country, he is an Englishman,
+that by his birthright may sing whether he can or not. To conclude, he
+is reckoned passable in the city, but is not so good off the
+stones.--_Whims and Oddities. Second series._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOYAGE UP THE MISSISSIPPI.
+
+
+On leaving New Orleans, in ascending the river, the country, still the
+same continuous flat, is enriched and enlivened by a succession of
+pretty houses and plantations, with each a small negro town near them,
+as well as the sugar-houses, gardens, and summer-houses, which give the
+idea of wealth and industry. For sixty miles the banks present the
+appearance of one continued village skirted with plantations of cotton,
+sugar-cane, and rice, for about two miles from the river, bounded in the
+rear, by the uncultivated swamps and woods. The boat proceeds
+continually near the shore on one side or the other, and attracts the
+inhabitants to the front of their neat houses, placed amidst orange
+groves, and shaded with vines and beautiful evergreens. I was surprised
+to see the swarms of children of all colours that issued from these
+abodes. In infancy, the progeny of the slave, and that of his master,
+seem to know no distinction; they mix in their sports, and appear as
+fond of each other as the brothers and sisters of one family; but in
+activity, life, joy, and animal spirits, the little negro, unconscious
+of his future situation seems to me to enjoy more pleasure in this
+period of existence, than his pale companions. The sultry climate of
+Louisiana, perhaps, is more congenial to the African constitution, than
+to that of the European.
+
+The next morning we arrived at Baton Rouge, 127 miles on our journey; a
+pretty little town, on the east side, and the first rising ground we had
+seen, being delightfully situated on a gradual acclivity, from which is
+a fine view of the surrounding flats. The fine barracks close to it,
+contain a few companies of troops. We here stopped to take in some
+ladies, who continued with us till the end of the voyage. To this place
+the leveé, or artificial banks, are continued on both sides of the river
+from New Orleans, without which the land would be continually
+overflowed. From this to Natches (232 miles,) the country is not
+interesting, consisting principally of dense forest and wilderness,
+impenetrable to the eye, diversified, however, by the various water fowl
+which the passing vessels disturb, in their otherwise solitary haunts,
+and by the number of black and grey squirrels leaping from branch to
+branch in the trees. The great blue kingfisher, which is common here, is
+so tame, as scarcely to move, as the boat passes, and we frequently saw,
+and passed close to large alligators, which generally appeared to be
+asleep, stretched on the half-floating logs. Several were fired at from
+the vessel, but none procured. One pair that I saw together, must have
+been each upwards of twelve feet long.
+
+Natches is a pleasantly situated town, or rather a steep hill, about
+half a mile from the landing place, where are many stores and public
+houses. The boat remained here an hour, and we ascended to the upper
+town, a considerable place, with a town-house, and several good streets
+and well-furnished shops, in which we purchased some books. This place
+exports much cotton, and the planters are said to be rich. It commands a
+fine prospect over the river and surrounding country. It has been tried
+as a summer residence by some of the inhabitants of New Orleans, but the
+scourges of this part of America (fever and ague) extend their ravages
+for more than 1000 miles higher up. A partial elevation of ground, in an
+unhealthy district, has been proved to be more pernicious, than even the
+level itself. From hence, to the junction of the Ohio, there is little
+to interest the stranger, excepting the diversity of wood and water. The
+ground rises in some places, though with little variety, till you pass
+the junction of the Ohio, 1253 miles from the sea. Shortly after
+entering the Ohio, the country begins to improve; you perceive the
+ground beginning to rise in the distance, and the bank occasionally to
+rear into small hills, which show their strata of stone, and rise into
+bluffs, projecting into the bends of the river, shutting it in, so as to
+produce the effect of sailing on a succession of the finest lakes,
+through magnificent woods, which momentarily changed their form, from
+the rapid motion of our boat. It was now full moon, and these scenes
+viewed during the clear nights, were indescribably beautiful.--
+_Bullock's Journey to New York_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IRISH TWINS.
+
+
+The Miss Mac Taafs were both on the ground, and both standing enough in
+profile, to give Lord Arranmore a full and perfect view of their figure,
+without being seen by them. His first opinion was, that they were
+utterly unchanged; and that like the dried specimens of natural history,
+they had bidden defiance to time. Tall, stately, and erect, their
+weather-beaten countenance and strongly marked features were neither
+faded nor fallen in. The deep red hue of a frosty and vigorous senility
+still coloured their unwrinkled faces. Their hair, well powdered and
+pomatumed, was drawn up by the roots from their high foreheads, over
+their lofty "systems;" and their long, lank necks rose like towers above
+their projecting busts; which, with their straight, sticky, tight-laced
+waists, terminating in the artificial rotundity of a half-dress
+bell-hoop, gave them the proportions of an hour-glass. They wore grey
+camlet riding habits, with large black Birmingham buttons (to mark the
+slight mourning for their deceased brother-in-law): while petticoats,
+fastened as pins did or did not their office, shewed more of the quilted
+marseilles and stuff beneath, than the precision of the toilet required:
+both of which, from their contact with the water of the bog, merited the
+epithet of "Slappersallagh," bestowed on their wearers by Terence
+O'Brien. Their habit-shirts, chitterlings, and cravats, though trimmed
+with Trawlee lace, seemed by their colour to evince that yellow starch,
+put out of fashion by the ruff of the murderous Mrs. Turner in England,
+was still to be had in Ireland. Their large, broad silver watches,
+pendant from their girdle by massy steel chains, showed that their
+owners took as little account of time as time had taken of them. "Worn
+for show, not use," they were still without those hands, which it had
+been in the contemplation of the Miss Mac Taafs to have replaced by the
+first opportunity, for the last five years. High-crowned black-beaver
+hats, with two stiff, upright, black feathers, that seemed to bridle
+like their wearers, and a large buckle and band, completed the costume
+of these venerable specimens of human architecture: the _tout ensemble_
+recalling to the nephew the very figures and dresses which had struck
+him with admiration and awe when first brought in from the Isles of
+Arran by his foster mother, to pay his duty to his aunts, and ask their
+blessing, eighteen years before. The Miss Mac Taafs, in their
+sixty-first year, (for they were twins,) might have sunk with safety ten
+or twelve years of their age. Their minds and persons were composed of
+that fibre which constitutes nature's veriest huckaback. Impressions
+fell lightly on both; and years and feelings alike left them unworn and
+uninjured.--_The O'Briens, and the O'Flahertys, by Lady Morgan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUTUMN.
+
+BY JOHN CLARE.
+
+
+  Me it delights, in mellow Autumn tide,
+    To mark the pleasaunce that mine eye surrounds:
+  The forest-trees like coloured posies pied:
+    The upland's mealy grey, and russet grounds;
+  Seeking for joy, where joyaunce most abounds;
+    Not found, I ween, in courts and halls of pride,
+  Where folly feeds, or flattery's sighs and sounds,
+    And with sick heart, but seemeth to be merry:
+  True pleasaunce is with humble food supplied;
+    Like shepherd swain, who plucks the brambleberry.
+  With savoury appetite, from hedge-row briars,
+    Then drops content on molehills' sunny side;
+  Proving, thereby, low joys and small desires
+    Are easiest fed, and soonest satisfied.
+                              _The Amulet._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+    "I am but a _Gatherer_ and disposer of other men's
+    stuff,"--_Wotton_.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HOLY WATER.
+
+
+A friend of mine (says Mr. Lambert, in his Travels,) was once present at
+the house of a French lady in Canada, when a violent thunder storm
+commenced. The shutters were immediately closed, and the room darkened.
+The lady of the house, not willing to leave the safety of herself and
+company to chance, began to search her closets for the bottle of holy
+water, which, by a sudden flash of lightning, she fortunately found. The
+bottle was uncorked, and its contents immediately sprinkled over the
+ladies and gentlemen. It was a most dreadful storm, and lasted a
+considerable time; she therefore redoubled her sprinklings and
+benedictions at every clap of thunder or flash of lightning. At length
+the storm abated, and the party were providentially saved from its
+effects; which the good lady attributed solely to the precious water.
+But when the shutters were opened, and the light admitted, the company
+found, to the destruction of their white gowns and muslin handkerchiefs;
+their coats, waistcoats, and breeches, that instead of holy water, the
+pious lady had sprinkled them with _ink_. W.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUID PRO QUO.
+
+
+Louis XVIII. asked the Duke of Wellington familiarly, how old he was;
+the latter replied, "Sire, I was born in the year 1768." "And so was
+Buonaparte," rejoined the king; "Providence owed us this compensation."
+C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAUTICAL EPITAPHS.
+
+
+In the west part of Fife, in the churchyard of the village of Torryburn,
+part of an epitaph remains, which deserves notice. A part was very
+absurdly erased by the owner of the burying ground, to make way for the
+names of some of his kindred. The whole epitaph formerly stood thus:
+
+  At anchor now, in Death's dark road,
+    Rides honest Captain Hill,
+  Who served his king, and feared his God,
+    With upright heart and will:
+  In social life, sincere and just,
+    To vice of no kind given;
+  So that his better part, we trust,
+     Hath made the Port of Heaven.
+
+Another, in the parish of Duffus (Morayshire), runs thus:
+
+  Though Eolus' blasts and Neptune's waves have toss'd me to and
+    fro,
+  Yet now, at last, by Heaven's decree, I harbour here below;
+  Where at anchor I do lie, with others of our fleet,
+  Till the last trump do raise us up our Admiral Christ to meet.
+                                                 CHARLES STUART.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON A DRUNKEN COBBLER.
+
+
+  Enclosed within this narrow stall,
+  Lies one who was a friend to _awl_;
+  He saved bad _souls_ from getting worse,
+  But d----n'd his own without remorse;
+  And tho' a drunken life he pass'd,
+  Yet say'd _his soul_, by _mending at the last!_ E.L.I.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WATER GRUEL.
+
+
+In an old paper, dated Friday, 13th Aug. 1695, is the following curious
+advertisement:--
+
+"At the marine coffee-house, in Birchin-lane, is water-gruel to be sold
+every morning from six till eleven of the clock. 'Tis not yet thoroughly
+known; but there comes such company as drinks usually four or five
+gallons in a morning." G.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A clergyman being on the road to his country living, (to which he pays
+an annual visit,) was stopped by a friend, who asked him where he could
+be going so far from town,--"Like other people," replied he, "to my
+parish." C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE LETTER C.
+
+
+Curious coincidences respecting the letter C, as connected with the
+lamented Princess Charlotte.
+
+Her mother's name was Caroline, her own name was Charlotte; that of her
+consort Coburg; she was married at Carlton house; her town residence was
+at Camelford house, the late owner of which Lord Camelford, was untimely
+killed in a duel; her country residence, Claremont, not long ago the
+property of Lord Clive, who ended his days by suicide; she died in
+Childbed, the name of her accoucheur being Croft. C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GIVING AND TAKING.
+
+(_From the French_.)
+
+
+  "I never give a kiss (says Prue)
+    To naughty man, for I abhor it."
+  She will not _give_ a kiss, 'tis true;
+     She'll _take_ one though, and thank you for it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY.
+
+
+This amiable man told me that his affecting song, "When my money was
+gone," &c. was suggested by the real story of a sailor, who came to beg
+money while Carey was breakfasting, with an open window, at the
+beautiful inn at Stoney Cross, in the New Forest.
+
+He also declared that his father, Henry Carey, wrote the song of "God
+save the King," in the house in Hatton-Garden, which has a stone
+bracket, a few doors from the Police-office.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[In No. 282 of The MIRROR, we omitted our acknowledgment to a
+well-executed illustrative work (now in course of publication), intitled
+"London in the Nineteenth Century," of which our artist availed himself
+for his View of _Hanover Terrace_, Regent's Park. The drawing in the
+above work is by Mr. T.H. Shepherd; and the literary department (of
+which we did not avail ourselves) is by Mr. Elmes, author of "the Life
+of Sir Christopher Wren."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_.
+
+Now publishing in numbers, price 3d. each, Embellished with Engravings
+on Steel, The BEAUTIES of SCOTT, forming the second of a Series of
+
+_ELEGANT EXTRACTS_.
+
+VOL. I. comprises The BEAUTIES of BYRON, embellished with Four
+Engravings, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.
+
+VOL. II. comprises The BEAUTIES of WAVERLEY, GUY MANNERING, and IVANHOE,
+embellished with Engravings on Steel, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or
+half-bound, 4s. 6d.
+
+"The BEAUTIES are selected with great skill, and a nice perception of
+the excellencies of the author, and altogether compose a most attractive
+volume."--_Weekly Times_.
+
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. in boards, half-bound, 8s.
+
+The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES. Price only 7s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound 9s.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED Price 5s.
+boards.
+
+The MICROCOSM. Price 2s. or in boards, 2s. 6d By the Rt. Hon. G.
+CANNING, M.P. and other Writers, with a Memoir and Two Portraits.
+
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 285 ***
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+"HTML Tidy for Solaris (vers 1st October 2003), see www.w3.org" />
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+<title>The Mirror of Literature, Issue 285.</title>
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+  .poem p.i4           {margin-left: 2em;}
+  .poem p.i6           {margin-left: 3em;}
+  .poem p.i8           {margin-left: 4em;}
+  .poem p.i10          {margin-left: 5em;}
+
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+  {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Vol. 10, Issue 285, December 1, 1827
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 1, 2004 [EBook #11388]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 285 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Eckrich, David King, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page361" name="page361"></a>[pg
+361]</span>
+<h1>THE MIRROR<br />
+OF<br />
+LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.</h1>
+<hr class="full" />
+<table width="100%" summary="Volume, Number, and Date">
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><b>Vol. 10. No. 285].</b></td>
+<td align="center"><b>SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1827</b></td>
+<td align="right"><b>[PRICE 2d.</b></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>CASTLE OF THE SEVEN TOWERS AT CONSTANTINOPLE</h2>
+<div class="figure" style="width:80%;"><a href=
+"images/285-1.png"><img width="100%" src="images/285-1.png" alt=
+"Castle of the Seven Towers" /></a></div>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>1. Triumphal Arch of Constantine.</p>
+<p>2. First Tower of the Pentagon.</p>
+<p>3. First Marble Tower.</p>
+<p>4. Second Marble Tower.</p>
+<p>5. Angle of the Pentagon with the fallen Tower.</p>
+<p>6. Double Tower.</p>
+<p>7. Dedecagonal tower.</p>
+<p>8. Square Tower of entrance to the Prison.</p>
+<p>9. Round Tower falling to decay.</p>
+<p>10. House of the Aga, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>11. Garden of the Aga's House.</p>
+<p>12. Cemetery of the Martyrs.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>The celebrity of the <i>Seven Towers</i> in European countries,
+though strongly savouring of romance, is no joke&mdash;it being the
+<i>prison</i> where the Turks confine the ministers and ambassadors
+of the powers with whom they are at war. At the present moment this
+engraving will doubtless be acceptable to our readers; especially
+to such of our City friends as have recently been induced to
+speculate on the heads of ambassadors of the allied powers; and a
+few days since it might have served as a scale for their
+<i>wagering</i> the "price of blood."</p>
+<p>With the early account of this castle we shall be brief. It is
+cited in the history of the lower empire from the sixth century of
+the Christian era, as a point which served for the defence of
+Constantinople. The embrasures of some of its towers, as well as of
+the towers that flank the ramparts of the town from the southern
+angle of the castle to the sea, blackened as is supposed by the
+Greek fire, announce that it was the principal bulwark of the city
+on the side of the Propontis, in the latter times of the empire. In
+1453, Mahomet II., after an obstinate siege, gained possession of
+Constantinople and the Castle of the Seven Towers, fear opening to
+him one of the gates of the latter. The Turks relate that 12,000
+men perished in this siege; and the marks of the ravages of the
+artillery are still visible, for, as usual, the conqueror did not
+concern himself about repairs. Since that time the place has been
+the arena of many remarkable events, among which was the tragical
+murder of the caliph Osman the Second. This has been followed up by
+many bloody executions; and at every turn gloomy sentiments, and
+the proud names of Turks and Greek princes, inscribed on the walls,
+speak the sad fate of those by whose hands they were traced. Towers
+filled with irons, chains, ancient arms, tombs, ruins, dungeons,
+cold and silent vaults, a pit called <i>the well of blood</i>,
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page362" name="page362"></a>[pg
+362]</span> the funeral cry of owls and of vultures, mingled with
+the roar of the waves&mdash;such are the objects and sounds with
+which the eye and ear are familiarized in these dreary abodes,
+according to poor Ponqueville, the traveller, who speaks from
+experience&mdash;<i>within the walls.</i> All this is a sorry
+picture for the</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"&mdash;Gentlemen of England,</p>
+<p>Who live at home at ease."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>But the <i>state purposes</i> to which the <i>Seven Towers</i>
+are appropriated boast of comparative comfort, "the prisoners
+detained here being distinguished from all other prisoners of war
+by an allowance for the table which is assigned them by the sultan,
+and by the appellation of <i>mouzafirs</i>, or hostages.<a id=
+"footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href=
+"#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a> It may, indeed," continues our
+traveller, "be considered as a great favour to be regarded in this
+light, comparing their situation with that of others, who fall into
+captivity among the Turks." Moreover, this castle is dignified as
+<i>an imperial fortress</i>, and governed by an aga with a guard
+and a band of music. Indeed, we suppose it a sort of lock-up house
+preparatory to more rigorous confinement; and its governorship is a
+peaceable and honourable post. The Turks who compose the garrison
+of the Seven Towers have, in the first place, the advantage of
+being esteemed persons of a certain distinction in their quarter;
+and, secondly, they are exempted from going out to war, to which
+every Musselman is liable.</p>
+<p>This castle stands at the eastern extremity of the Propontis, or
+Sea of Marmara; it is a tolerably regular pentagon, four out of the
+five angles of which are flanked by towers; the fifth angle had
+also a tower, but it exists no longer. Its principal front is
+towards the west, and has, besides the tower at one of the angles,
+two others, which stand on each side the ancient triumphal arch of
+Constantine. The gate of entrance to the Seven Towers on the side
+of the town is to the east, in a small square. The longest side of
+the pentagon is that in which Constantine's arch is included; while
+towers existed at all the angles, this side presented a front of
+four towers; but it has now only three. The first marble tower is
+an enormous mass, between eighty and ninety feet high.</p>
+<p>The triumphal arch of Constantine, which occupies the centre
+between the two marble towers, conducts to the golden gate in the
+exterior enclosure of the castle. The arch was more than ninety
+feet in height; but it has been so much injured by artillery, that
+no idea can now be formed of its ornaments. In the second marble
+tower is the <i>Cave of Blood</i>: the first door by which it is
+entered is of wood; this opens into a corridor of twelve feet long
+by four feet wide, having at the end two iron steps ascending to an
+iron door, and this leads into a semicircular gallery; at its
+furthest extremity is a second iron door, which completes the
+gallery, and ten feet further an immense massive door enclosing the
+dungeon. In the midst of this sarcophagus is a well, the mouth of
+which is level with the ground, and half closed by two flag-stones;
+to this is given the name of the <i>well of blood</i>, because the
+heads of those who are executed in the dungeon are thrown into it.
+In the same tower with this dungeon is a staircase leading up to a
+number of cells; from some of them, which are higher than the
+ramparts, the eye may be gratified with a view over Constantinople
+through loop-holes pierced in the walls. Here the Turks formerly
+used to confine those whom they call <i>mouzafirs</i>, or hostages;
+but the latter have now the choice allowed them of hiring more
+eligible apartments.</p>
+<p>The first enclosure of the Seven Towers is inhabited chiefly by
+poor Turks, who have houses, and live there with their families.
+They also belong to the guard of the castle.</p>
+<p>The air of the Seven Towers is in general unwholesome, and very
+likely to produce scrofula. In the summer the walls, heated by the
+sun, transform the place into a furnace; and the apartments on the
+first floor are at all times extremely damp.</p>
+<p>Our engraving, aided by the subjoined references, will, however,
+enable our readers to form an accurate idea of the topography of
+the <i>Seven Towers</i>. It is copied from the Travels of M.
+Ponqueville, who devotes a chapter of his quarto volume to a minute
+description of towers, gardens, and fortresses. Nothing can exceed
+the horror with which his catalogue of their miseries is calculated
+to impress the reader; indeed, they fall but little short of some
+of the highly-wrought fictions of barbarous romance.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES FOR DECEMBER, 1827.</h3>
+<h4>(For the Mirror.)</h4>
+<p>The sun enters the cardinal and tropical sign <i>Capricorn</i>
+on the 22nd, attaining his greatest austral declination at 1h. 31m.
+afternoon.</p>
+<p>The moon is in opposition on the 3rd; in apogee on the 6th, and
+in conjunction and perigee on the 18th.</p>
+<p>Mercury is in perihelion on the 1st, becomes <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page363" name="page363"></a>[pg 363]</span>
+stationary on the 9th, and reaches his greatest elongation on the
+19th, when he may be seen before sunrise, as well as a few
+preceding and succeeding mornings; be rises on the abovementioned
+day at 6h. 8m.</p>
+<p>Venus is in aphelio on the 18th, and in conjunction with the
+planet Herschel on the 28th at 9 h. evening; she sets on the 1st at
+4 h. 48 m., and on the 31st at 5-1/2 h. evening.</p>
+<p>Mars rises on the 1st at 3h, 14m., and on the 31st at 2 h. 46 m.
+morning.</p>
+<p>Jupiter rises on the 1st at 4 h. 39 m. and on the 31st at 3h.
+morning; he has now receded far enough from the sun to render the
+eclipses of his nearest moon visible; the first immersion will take
+place on the 3rd at 6 h. 39 m. 4 s. morning; the next on the 19th
+at 4 h. 54 m. 42 s. morning, and the last on the 26th at 6 h. 48 m.
+14 s. morning, those being the only ones that happen during the
+month.</p>
+<p>Saturn who commenced retrograding on the 2nd, last month, in 20
+deg. 18m. of <i>Cancer</i>, will on the 31st have reached 17 deg.
+26 m. of the same sign, and will be found a few degrees below the
+star <i>Pollux</i> in the constellation <i>Gemini</i>, rising on
+the 1st at 6h. 49m., and on the 31st at 4 h. 27 m. evening.</p>
+<p>Herschel culminates on the 1st at 3 h. 23m., and on the 31st at
+1 h. 17 m.</p>
+<p><i>Fomalhaut</i> in Pisces, a star of the first magnitude, and
+very much resembling the planet Saturn, (except that its light is
+not so steady,) will be observed only a few degrees above the
+horizon in the south west, coming to the meridian at 6 h. 19 m.
+evening; <i>Markal</i> in the wing of Pegasus, the flying horse at
+6 h. 26 m. <i>Alpheratz</i> and <i>Mirach</i>, the former in the
+head, and the latter in the girdle, of Andromeda at 7 h. 31 m. and
+8 h. 31 m. <i>Menkar</i> in the jaw of <i>Cetus</i> the whale at 10
+h. 24 m.; the four preceding are of the second magnitude. The
+<i>Pleiades</i> south at 11 h. 8m., and <i>Aldebaran</i> in Taurus,
+generally called the Bull's Eye, a brilliant star of the first
+magnitude at 11 h. 56 m.; the upper or northern portion of the
+constellation <i>Orion</i> at 12-1/2 h., and the lower or southern
+part at 1 h. morning.</p>
+<p>These remarks cannot be better concluded, than by calling the
+attention of the readers of the MIRROR to the unerring regularity
+of the motion of the heavenly bodies. Though their magnitude is so
+immense, the certainty and correctness of their movements during
+thousands of years, is far more exact than that of the best
+chronometer ever made, even during a single year: how great, then,
+must be the ignorance of him who does not behold in them the
+Almighty ruler of all things; and how great the folly of him, who
+says in his heart, and evinces by his conduct that he believes
+there is no God. And let him who denies what he cannot comprehend,
+be addressed in the impressive language of holy writ, "Canst thou
+bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of
+Orion? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst
+thou guide Arcturus with his Sons?" 14<i>th November</i>, 1827.
+PASCHE.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>COLD WINTER IS COMING.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;take care of your toes&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Gay Zephyr has folded his fan;</p>
+<p>His lances are couch'd in the ice-wind that blows,</p>
+<p class="i2">So mail up as warm as you can.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;he's ready to start</p>
+<p class="i2">From his home on the mountains afar;</p>
+<p>He is shrunken and pale&mdash;he looks froze to the heart,</p>
+<p class="i2">And snow-wreaths embellish his car.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;Hark! did ye not hear</p>
+<p class="i2">The blast which his herald has blown?</p>
+<p>The children of Nature all trembled in fear,</p>
+<p class="i2">For to them is his power made known.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;there breathes not a flower,</p>
+<p class="i2">Though sometimes the day may pass fair!</p>
+<p>The soft lute is removed from the lady's lorn bower,</p>
+<p class="i2">Lest it coldly be touched by the air.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;all stript are the groves,</p>
+<p class="i2">The passage-bird hastens away;</p>
+<p>To the lovely blue South, like the tourist, he roves,</p>
+<p class="i2">And returns like the sunshine in May.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;he'll breathe on the
+stream&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">And the bane of his petrific breath</p>
+<p>Will seal up the waters; till, in the moon-beam.</p>
+<p class="i2">They lie stirless, as slumber or death!</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming, and soon shall we see</p>
+<p class="i2">On the panes, by that genius Jack Frost,</p>
+<p>Fine drawings of mountain, stream, tower, an tree&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Framed and glazed too, without any cost.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;-ye delicate fair,</p>
+<p class="i2">Take care when your hyson you sip;&mdash;</p>
+<p>Drink it quick, and don't talk, lest he come unaware,</p>
+<p class="i2">And turn it to ice on your lip.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;I charge you again&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">Muffle warm&mdash;of the tyrant beware&mdash;</p>
+<p>He's so brave, that to strike the young hero he's
+fain&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">He's so told he'll not favour the fair.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Cold Winter is coming&mdash;I've said so before&mdash;</p>
+<p class="i2">It seems I've not much else to say;</p>
+<p>Yes, Winter is coming, and God help the poor!</p>
+<p class="i2">I wish it was going away,</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><i>Nov 5th 1827.</i> C. COLE.</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page364" name="page364"></a>[pg
+364]</span>
+<h3>NAUTICAL PHRASES.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<p>Sir,&mdash;The annexed <i>Definition</i> of Nautical, Names,
+&amp;c. will not, I dare say, to most of your readers, be
+uninteresting. G.W.N.</p>
+<p><i>The Starboard</i> is the right side of the ship, as the
+<i>lar</i>-board is the left.</p>
+<p><i>The Parrel</i> is a movable band-rope, used to fasten the
+yard to its respective mast.</p>
+<p><i>Backstays</i> are long ropes, reaching from the right and
+left sides of the vessel to the mast heads.</p>
+<p><i>Travellers</i> are slight iron rings, encircling the
+backstays, and are used for hoisting the top-gallant yards, and
+confining them to the backstays.</p>
+<p><i>Rolling-tackle</i> is a number of pulleys, engaged to confine
+the yard to the weather side of the mast; this tackle is much used
+in a rough sea.</p>
+<p><i>Booms</i> are masts or yards, lying on board in reserve.</p>
+<p><i>The Courses</i> are the mainsail, foresail, and the
+mizen.</p>
+<p><i>The Staysail</i> is of a triangular form, running upon the
+fore-topmast-stay, just above the bowsprit.</p>
+<p><i>Reef-tackles</i> are ropes employed in the operation of
+reefing. &amp;c.</p>
+<p><i>Clue-lines</i> are used to truss up the clues, or to lower
+the corners of the largest sails.</p>
+<p><i>The Brake</i> is the handle of the pump, by which it is
+worked.</p>
+<p><i>Bowlines</i> are ropes for keeping the windward edge of the
+sail steady.</p>
+<p><i>The Wells</i> are places in the ship's hold for the pumps,
+&amp;c.</p>
+<p><i>Earings</i> are small lines, by which the uppermost corners
+of the largest sails are secured to the yard-arms.</p>
+<p><i>Reefs</i> are spaces by which the principal sails are reduced
+when the wind is too high, and enlarged again when its force
+abates.</p>
+<p><i>Topsails</i> are long and square, of the second degree in
+magnitude in all great ships.</p>
+<p><i>Haliards</i> are single ropes, by which the sails are hoisted
+up and lowered at pleasure.</p>
+<p><i>Tally</i> is the operation of hauling aft the <i>sheets</i>,
+or drawing them in the direction of the ship's stern.</p>
+<p><i>Towing</i> is the operation of drawing a vessel forward by
+means of long lines, &amp;c.</p>
+<p><i>Timoneer</i>, from the French <i>timonnier</i>, is a name
+given, on particular occasions, to the steersman of a ship.</p>
+<p><i>Bars</i> are large masses of sand or earth, formed by the
+surge of the sea; they are mostly found at the entrances of great
+rivers or havens, and often render navigation extremely
+dangerous.</p>
+<p><i>The Ox-Eye</i>, so called by seamen, is a remarkable
+appearance in the heavens, resembling a small lurid speck, and
+always precedes two particular storms, known only between the
+tropics.</p>
+<p><i>Azimuth-Compass</i> is an instrument employed for
+ascertaining the sun's magnetical azimuth.</p>
+<p><i>Studding-Sails</i> are long and narrow, and are used only in
+fine weather, on the outside of the large square sails.</p>
+<p><i>Stay-Sails</i> have three corners, and are hoisted up on the
+stays when the wind crosses the ship.</p>
+<p><i>Broaching-to</i> is a sudden movement in navigation, when the
+ship, while scudding before the wind, accidentally turns her side
+to windward.</p>
+<p><i>Wales</i> are a number of strong and thick planks, covering
+the lower part of the ship's side.</p>
+<p><i>Scud</i> is a name given by sailors to the lowest clouds;
+which are mostly observed in squally weather.</p>
+<p><i>The Sheets</i> are ropes used for extending the clues, or
+lowering the corners of the sails.</p>
+<p><i>Brails</i> are ropes used to truss up a sail to a mast or
+yard.</p>
+<p><i>Reef-Bands</i> are long pieces of rough canvass sewed across
+the sails to give them additional strength.</p>
+<p><i>Scudding</i> is a term applied to a vessel when carried
+furiously along by a tempest.</p>
+<p><i>Leeward</i> implies when the ship lies on that side to which
+the wind is directed.</p>
+<p><i>Windbound</i> means when the ship is detained in one
+particular station by contrary winds.</p>
+<p><i>Windward</i> is when the ship is in the direction of the
+wind.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>CHRONICLES OF THE CANONGATE.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>To the Editor of the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<p>Sir,&mdash;Since my last communication to you on the subject of
+the works, so commonly spoken of as by the "Great
+Unknown"&mdash;"the Wizard of the North," and other equally
+<i>novel cognomina</i>, the veil has been withdrawn; we now have
+the open avowal, both from his own lips, and under his own hand, of
+the authorship from the individual himself, who has so long, and,
+as it now appears, so justly, enjoyed the reputation of having
+written them.</p>
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page365" name="page365"></a>[pg
+365]</span>
+<p>To judge from what he says in the second volume of "the
+Chronicles of the Canongate," just published&mdash;I mean in the
+character of Mr. Croftangry,&mdash;it is clear that he is conscious
+of such slips and carelessness as I have before pointed out. I am
+therefore at a loss to understand why he should allow them to
+remain like spots that deface the general beauty of his
+productions, as by submitting them for perusal to the merest Tyro
+in grammar or composition before they were sent to press, they
+could not fail of being obliterated.</p>
+<p>It is surely no very good policy for an artist, jealous of his
+reputation, knowingly to leave his works unfinished. Without,
+however, detaining you, or your readers, by such obvious remarks, I
+shall resume my task, hoping that you will be able to find room for
+the following in your useful and entertaining miscellany.</p>
+<p>In the first volume, p. 168, of the present work, we read: "She
+was once the beautiful and happy wife of Hamish Mac Tavish, <i>for
+whom his</i> strength and feats of prowess gained <i>him</i> the
+title of Mac Tavish Mhor." This kind of style would scarcely be
+allowed to pass in Leadenhall-street. What is meant by <i>for
+whom</i>, with <i>his</i> immediately following, and then
+<i>him</i> a little after? Does not the author intend to say, that
+the strength, &amp;c. of Mac Tavish gained him the title of Mac
+Tavish Mhor? If so, (and there can be no doubt of it from the
+context,) then he should have written the sentence thus:
+"<i>whose</i> strength and feats of prowess had gained him the
+title of Mac Tavish Mhor."</p>
+<p>"He gained the road, mounted his pony, and rode upon his way,"
+p. 183 of the same volume, is, in the latter part of it, another
+curious phrase. "He mounted his pony," says the author. May we not
+suppose he rode <i>upon it</i> too? But he adds "<i>rode upon his
+way</i>."</p>
+<p>Again: "His reputed grandfather with his pockets stuffed out
+with Bank notes, would come to atone for his past cruelty, by
+<i>heaping his neglected grandchild</i> with unexpected wealth,"
+vol. 2., p. 87. We <i>heap up</i> wealth, but not <i>persons
+with</i> it, for that would hardly be kind. To <i>load one with</i>
+wealth is a common expression.</p>
+<p>"Is it possible that <i>the bold adventurer can fix his thoughts
+on you</i>, and still be dejected <i>at the thoughts</i> that a
+bonny blue-eyed lass looked favourably on a less-lucky fellow than
+himself?" vol. 2, p. 136. Such is the question put by Middlemas to
+his friend Hartley, when speaking together on the subject of the
+interesting Menic Grey, and his projected Indian trip. But how
+could he ask if the <i>bold adventurer fixed his thoughts on
+him</i>, when it was the person addressed who entertained the idea
+of becoming one? and how, if the <i>bold adventurer was
+dejected?</i> when he had already distinguished him, taking the
+words in their proper application, as another individual in a
+general sense. It is altogether a singular specimen of abstruse
+phraseology. Then "<i>fix his thoughts</i>" "dejected at <i>the
+thoughts</i>." Fie upon it!</p>
+<p>"Hartley fell a victim to his professional courage, in
+<i>withstanding</i> the progress of a contagious distemper, which
+he at length caught, and under which he sank," vol. 2, p. 367. If
+he withstood the progress of the disease, how could he fall a
+victim to it? The author should have said, "in his <i>endeavours to
+withstand</i>" or "<i>arrest</i> the progress of it."</p>
+<p>"So stood the feelings of the young man, when, one day after
+dinner, the doctor snuffing the candle, and taking from his pouch
+the great leathern pocketbook in which he deposited particular
+papers, with a small supply of the most necessary and active
+medicines, <i>he</i> took from it Mr. Mon&ccedil;ada's letters, and
+requested Richard Middlemas's serious attention," vol. 2, p. 88 and
+89. Who is <i>he</i>? <i>the doctor</i>? Is he not mentioned
+before? And there he is left to stand without his natural support,
+for <i>he</i> has <i>taken</i> it <i>from</i> him. Does not the
+writer of this sentence recollect "My banks <i>they</i> are
+furnished with bees." I could add another <i>take from</i> to the
+page by way of note.</p>
+<p><i>The following I leave without comment.</i></p>
+<p>"Judg<i>e</i>ment," vol. 1, p. 2; vol. 6, p. 6. and judgment,
+vol. 1, p. 85, <i>a</i> heraldic shield, vol. 1, p. 68;
+desir<i>e</i>able, vol. 2, p. 39.</p>
+<p>As much iron as would have <i>builded</i> a brig, vol. 1, page
+68. A good tune is <i>grinded</i>, vol. 1, p. 143. Butler and
+Mercer had both <i>spoke</i> to their disparagement, vol. 2, p.
+289.</p>
+<p>Worthy Mr. Piper, best of contractors <i>who</i> ever furnished
+four frampal jades, vol. 1, p. 45.</p>
+<p>With the next morning I <i>will</i> still see the double summit
+of the ancient Dan, vol. 1, p. 229.</p>
+<p>And then I <i>will</i> find it easier to have you prosecuted,
+vol. 2, p. 169.</p>
+<p>We <i>will</i> be happy, if it is in our power, to repay a part
+of our obligations, vol. 2, p. 222.</p>
+<p>Thou art the fiend who <i>hast</i> occasioned my wretchedness in
+this world, and who <i>will</i> share my eternal misery in the
+next, vol. 2, p. 229.</p>
+<p>He found himself under the alternative <span class=
+"pagenum"><a id="page366" name="page366"></a>[pg 366]</span> of
+being with him on decent and distant terms, or of breaking off with
+him altogether. The first of these courses might perhaps have been
+the <i>wisest</i>, but the other was the <i>most</i> congenial to
+the blunt and plain character of Hartley, vol. 2, p. 256.</p>
+<p>He inquired <i>at</i> their superior for Barak el Hadgi, vol. 2,
+p. 263.</p>
+<p>And inquiring <i>at</i> those whom he considered the best
+newsmongers, vol. 2, p. 276.</p>
+<p>He faltered out inquiries <i>at</i> his niece, vol. 1, p.
+20.</p>
+<p>Your father asked none save <i>at</i> his courage and his sword,
+vol. 1, p. 260.</p>
+<p>The concluding (<i>of</i>) a literary undertaking, vol. 2, p.
+1.</p>
+<p>I would as soon dress a corpse, when the great fiend
+himself&mdash;God sain us&mdash;stood visibly before us,
+<i>than</i> when Elspat of the Free is amongst us, vol. 1, p. 250.
+November 7, 1827. Oculus.<a id="footnotetag2" name=
+"footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>LETTER</h3>
+<p><i>Written in the Condemned Cells, Newgate, by Captain Lee, the
+night previous to his execution, being convicted of forging a bill
+of exchange for 15l. on the Ordnance Office.</i></p>
+<p><i>Newgate, March</i> 3, 1784.</p>
+<p>My Dear Sir,&mdash;Before this reaches you, the head that
+dictates and the hand that traces these lines shall be no more.
+Earthly cares shall all be swallowed up, and the death of an
+unthinking man shall have atoned for the trespass he has committed
+against the laws of his country. But ere the curtain be for ever
+dropped, or remembrance leave this tortured breast, let me take
+this last and solemn leave of one with whom I have passed so many
+social and instructive hours, whose conversation I fondly
+cultivated, and whose friendship for me I hope will remain, even
+after the clay-cold hand of death has closed my eyes in everlasting
+darkness.</p>
+<p>I cannot think you will view this letter with stoic coolness, or
+with listless indifference. Absorbed as the generality of men are
+in the pursuits of pleasure or the avocations of business, there
+are times when the mind looks inward upon itself, when a review of
+past follies induces us to future amendment, and when a
+consciousness of having acted wrong leads us to resolutions of
+doing right. In one of those fortunate moments may you receive
+these last admonitions! Shun but the rock on which I have struck,
+and you will be sure to avoid the shipwreck I have suffered.
+Initiated in the army at an early period of life, I soon
+anticipated not only the follies, but even the vices of my
+companions. Before, however, I could share with undisturbed repose
+in the wickedness of others, it was necessary to remove from myself
+what the infidel terms the prejudices of a Christian education. In
+this I unfortunately succeeded; and conceiving from my tenderest
+years a taste for reading, my sentiments were confirmed, not by the
+flimsy effusions of empty libertines, but by the specious sophistry
+of modern philosophers. It must be owned that at first I was rather
+pleased with the elegance of their language than the force of their
+reasoning; as, however, we are apt to believe what we eagerly wish
+to be true, in a short time I soon became a professed deist. My
+favourite author was the late celebrated David Hume. I constantly
+urged his exemplary behaviour in private as a strong argument in
+favour of his doctrines, forgetting that his literary life was
+uniformly employed in diffusing his pernicious tenets, and his
+utmost endeavours were constantly exerted in extending the baneful
+influence of his philosophical principles. Happy for me had I
+always been actuated by the considerations which fill my bosom at
+this moment, and which I hope will animate me in that awful part
+to-morrow's sun shall see me perform. But the die is cast, and I
+leave to the world this mournful memento, "that however much a man
+may be favoured by personal qualifications, or distinguished by
+mental endowments, genius will be useless, and abilities avail but
+little, unless accompanied by a sense of religion, and attended by
+the practice of virtue; destitute of these, he will only be mounted
+on the wings of folly, that he may fall with greater force into the
+dark abyss of endless despair."</p>
+<p>On my returning to a belief of the truths of Christianity, I
+have been very much assisted by the pious exhortations of the
+ordinary, as well as by the book he has put into my hands; and I
+feel a comfort which I am unable to express by this his charitable
+and benevolent attention to me. I believe there is no passion more
+prevalent in the human breast than the wish that our memory should
+be held in remembrance. I shudder at the thought lest my name
+should be branded with infamy, when I lie mouldering in the dust,
+as I know well that the tongue of malice is ever loud against the
+failings of the unfortunate. When, however, my character is
+insulted, and my poor reputation attacked, extenuate, I beseech
+you, the enormity of my crime, by relating the hardships of my
+sufferings. Tell to the <span class="pagenum"><a id="page367" name=
+"page367"></a>[pg 367]</span> giddy and affluent, that, strangers
+to the severity of want, they know not the pain of withstanding the
+almost irresistible calls of nature. The poor will, I trust,
+commiserate my misfortunes, and shed a sympathetic tear at the
+mournful tale of my miserable fate. I can say no more. Heaven have
+mercy on us all!</p>
+<p>Adieu for ever. J. LEE.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PARTING FOR THE POLE.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;Now weep not Poll because I go,</p>
+<p class="i2">There's no need, I declare,</p>
+<p>For when among the Esquimaux,</p>
+<p class="i2">I've too much blubber there.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Women mis-doubt a sailor's word,</p>
+<p class="i2">We don't deserve the wipe;</p>
+<p>For when they pipe us all aboard,</p>
+<p class="i2">Aboard we all do pipe.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>We've rocks, when all our tears are past,</p>
+<p class="i2">The sailor's heart to shock,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>.&mdash;Why yes, Jack&mdash;when you're on the
+mast,</p>
+<p class="i2">You're sure to have a rock.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;You'll find some fellow on dry ground,</p>
+<p class="i2">You will prefer to me,</p>
+<p>To him I see you will be bound,</p>
+<p class="i2">While I'm bound to the sea.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But if I sail the world around,</p>
+<p class="i2">I'll be a faithful rover,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Poh! you'll forget me I'll be bound</p>
+<p class="i2">When you are half seas over.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;And when alas, your Jack is gone,</p>
+<p class="i2">You'll think of naught but jigging,</p>
+<p>And you will sport your rigging on,</p>
+<p class="i2">While Jack is on the rigging.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Where winter's ice around us grows,</p>
+<p class="i2">And storms upon us roll,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Ah, that's the time I do suppose</p>
+<p>They look out for the pole.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;But if I should be sunk d'ye see,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Bring up a coral wreath,</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>He.</i>&mdash;Why if I were beneath the sea,</p>
+<p class="i2">I could not see beneath.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p><i>She.</i>&mdash;Yet if you should be cast away,</p>
+<p class="i2">Without a cloak, or victual,</p>
+<p>Remember me, a little, pray,</p>
+<p class="i2">You'd better pray a little.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But tho' you wish us now to splice,</p>
+<p class="i2">Our hands&mdash;your love won't hold,</p>
+<p>For when you get among the ice,</p>
+<p class="i2">I'm sure you will grow cold.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>I have your money&mdash;here's a kiss,</p>
+<p class="i2">I will be true to you,</p>
+<p>But one word more, "adieu" it is,</p>
+<p class="i2">Cries Jack, it is a do.<span style=
+"margin-left:3em">MAY.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>BARDS, OR POETS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror.</i>)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Hail! to the Bards, who sweetly sung</p>
+<p class="i2">The praises of dead peers</p>
+<p>In lofty strains, thus to prolong</p>
+<p class="i2">Their fame for many years.<span style=
+"margin-left:3em">LUCAN.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>This sect appears to have descended from <i>Bardus</i>, son of
+<i>Druis</i>, king of Britain; he was much esteemed by the people
+for inventing songs and music, in praise of meritorious actions;
+and established an order, in which such of the people were admitted
+as excelled in his art, distinguishing them by the name of
+<i>bards</i>, after his own name. Julius Caesar reports, that on
+his arrival he found some of them. Their business was to record the
+noble exploits of their warriors in songs and ditties, which they
+sung to their instruments at the solemn feasts of their chiefs; and
+in such high estimation were they held, that, when two armies were
+ready to engage, if a bard stept in between them, both sides
+delayed the attack till he was out of danger.</p>
+<p>As these bards were neither repugnant to the Roman authority nor
+the Christian religion, they alone, above all other sects, were
+suffered to continue long after the birth of Christ; and it is said
+that some of them are still to be found in the isle of Bardsey, (so
+named from them). <i>Wisbech</i>. T.C.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE SCOTTISH PEASANT'S LAMENT.</h3>
+<h4>BY THE AUTHOR OF AHAB.</h4>
+<h4>(<i>For the Mirror</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Oh! had I my home by the side of the glen,</p>
+<p>In a spot far remote from the dwellings of men,</p>
+<p>Wi' my ain bonnie Jeannie to sit by my side,</p>
+<p>I'd nae envy auld Reekie her splendor and pride.</p>
+<p>The song of the mavis should wake me at morn,</p>
+<p>And the grey breasted lintie reply from the thorn;</p>
+<p>While the clear brook should run in the sun's yellow beam,</p>
+<p>And my days glide as calmly along as its stream.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>But here, in the city's dull streets, I must live,</p>
+<p>Nae Jeannie her arms for my pillow to give;</p>
+<p>Nae mavis, nae lintie, to sing from the tree,</p>
+<p>Nae streamlet to murmur its music to me.</p>
+<p>O better, by far, had I never been born,</p>
+<p>Or my head laid in rest in the glen 'neath the thorn;</p>
+<p>Since the songs of my birds I no longer can hear,</p>
+<p>Nor in slumber recline by the side of my dear.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Now, all that makes life still endured, is the dream,</p>
+<p>That comes o'er my soul, of the bird and the stream;</p>
+<p>And the love of my Jean&mdash;when that vision shall close,</p>
+<p>In the silence of death let my ashes repose.</p>
+<p>Yet then, even then, my sad spirit will be,</p>
+<p>By the side of the brook, 'neath the shade of the tree;</p>
+<p>In the arms of my Jeannie, for ne'er can it stay,</p>
+<p>From those who in life had endeared it away.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><i>Nov</i>. 25. 1827. S.P.J.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ON A SQUINTING POETESS.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>To no <i>one</i> muse does she her glance confine,</p>
+<p>But has an eye at once, to <i>all the nine!</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page368" name="page368"></a>[pg
+368]</span>
+<h2>MANNERS &amp; CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.</h2>
+<h3>No. XVI.</h3>
+<hr />
+<h3>FISHING IN THE RIVER YEOU.</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:60%;"><a href=
+"images/285-2.png"><img width="100%" src="images/285-2.png" alt=
+"Fisherman" /></a></div>
+<p>The fishery of the Yeou, in Bornou, is a very considerable
+source of commerce to the inhabitants of its banks; and the manner
+of fishing (as represented in the above engraving) is ingenious
+though simple. The Bornouese make very good nets of a twine spun
+from a perennial plant called <i>kalimboa</i>: the implements for
+fishing are two large gourds nicely balanced, and fixed on a large
+stem of bamboo, at the extreme ends; the fisherman launches this on
+the river, and places himself astride between the two gourds, and
+thus he floats with the stream, and throws his net. He has also
+floats of cane, and weights, of small leathern bags of sand: he
+beats up against the stream, paddling with his hands and feet,
+previous to his drawing the net, which, as it rises from the water,
+he lays before him as he sits; and with a sort of mace, which he
+carries for the purpose, the fish are stunned by a single blow. His
+drag, finished, the fish are taken out, and thrown into the gourds,
+which are open at the top, to receive the produce of his labour.
+These wells being filled, he steers for the shore, unloads, and
+again returns to the sport.&mdash;<i>Denhani's Travels in
+Africa.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ARABIAN HORSES.</h3>
+<p><i>Sir John Malcolm</i>, in his Sketches of Persia, gives the
+following interesting anecdotes of these noble
+creatures:&mdash;</p>
+<p>Hyder, the elchee's master of the chase, was the person who
+imparted knowledge to me on all subjects relating to Arabian
+horses. He would descant by the hour on the qualities of a colt
+that was yet untried, but which, he concluded, must possess all the
+perfections of its sire and dam, with whose histories, and that of
+their progenitors, he was well acquainted. Hyder had shares in five
+or six famous brood mares; and he told me a mare was sometimes
+divided amongst ten or twelve Arabs, which accounted for the groups
+of half-naked fellows whom I saw watching, with anxiety, the
+progress made by their managing partner in a bargain for one of the
+produce. They often displayed, on these occasions, no small
+violence of temper; and I have more than once observed a party
+leading off their ragged colt in a perfect fury, at the blood of
+Daghee or Shumehtee, or some renowned sire or grandsire, being
+depreciated by an inadequate offer, from an ignorant Indian or
+European.</p>
+<p>The Arabs place still more value on their mares than on their
+horses; but even the latter are sometimes esteemed beyond all
+price. When the envoy, returning from his former mission, was
+encamped near Bagdad, an Arab rode a bright bay horse of
+extraordinary shape and beauty, before his tent, till he attracted
+his notice. On being asked if he would sell him&mdash;"What will
+you give me?" said he. "It depends upon his age; I suppose he is
+past five?" "Guess again," was the reply. "Four." "Look at his
+mouth," said the Arab, with a smile. On examination he was found
+rising three; this, from his size and perfect symmetry, greatly
+enhanced his value. The envoy said, "I will give you fifty
+tomans<a id="footnotetag3" name="footnotetag3"></a><a href=
+"#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>." "A little more, if you please,"
+said the fellow, apparently entertained. "Eighty!&mdash;a hundred!"
+He shook his head, and smiled. The offer came at last to two
+hundred tomans! "Well," said the Arab, seemingly quite satisfied,
+"you need not tempt me any farther&mdash;it is of no use; you are a
+fine elchee; you have fine horses, camels, and mules, and I am told
+you have loads of silver and gold: now," added he, "you want my
+colt, but you shall not have him for all you have got." So saying,
+he rode off to the desert, whence he had come, and where he, no
+doubt, amused his brethren with an account of what had passed
+between him and the European envoy.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PARIS.</h3>
+<p>Paris is, as it were, abandoned to foreign travellers in
+September and October. It is not till the first symptoms of cold
+are felt somewhat severely, that life in the capital is resumed in
+all its tumult. The Paris season is the reverse of that of London.
+It commences at the end of November, and closes at the beginning of
+May. The period of your hunting is that of our drawing-room
+parties. Previous to November, Paris may be compared to a vast
+lazaretto, where the valetudinarians of every country take
+refuge.&mdash;<i>Monthly Magazine</i></p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page369" name="page369"></a>[pg
+369]</span>
+<h3>MUSICIAN OF MANDARA.</h3>
+<div class="figure" style="width:50%;"><a href=
+"images/285-3.png"><img width="100%" src="images/285-3.png" alt=
+"Musician blowing a long pipe" /></a></div>
+<p>The above engraving represents one of the musicians of the
+Sultan of Mandara; blowing a long pipe not unlike a clarionet,
+ornamented with shells. These artists, with two immense trumpets
+from twelve to fourteen feet long, borne by men on horseback, made
+of pieces of hollow wood with a brass mouth-piece, usually precede
+the sovereign on any important visit. The costume and attitude of
+the musician are highly characteristic of savage mirth.</p>
+<p>The chiefs in this part of Africa are also attended by a
+<i>band</i> carrying drums, and singing extempore songs, a
+translation of one of which is subjoined from "Denham's Travels,"
+whence the engraving is copied.</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Christian man he come,</p>
+<p class="i2">Friend of us and Sheikhobe;</p>
+<p>White man, when he hear my song,</p>
+<p class="i2">Fine new tobe give me.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Christian man all white,</p>
+<p class="i2">And dollars white have he;</p>
+<p>Kanourie, like him, come,</p>
+<p class="i2">Black man's friend to be.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>From Felatah, how he run;</p>
+<p class="i2">Barca Gana shake his spear:</p>
+<p>White man carry two-mouthed gun;</p>
+<p class="i2">That's what make Felatah fear.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>HUNTING IN PERSIA.</h3>
+<p>In Persia, persons of the highest rank lead their own greyhounds
+in a long silken leash, which passes through the collar, and is
+ready to slip the moment the huntsman chooses. The well-trained dog
+goes alongside the horse, and keeps clear of him when at full
+speed, and in all kinds of country. When a herd of antelopes is
+seen, a consultation is held, and the most experienced determine
+the point towards which they are to be driven. The field (as an
+English sportsman would term it) then disperse, and while some
+drive the herd in the desired direction, those with the dogs take
+their post on the same line, at the distance of about a mile from
+each other; one of the worst dogs is then slipped at the herd, and
+from the moment he singles out an antelope the whole body are in
+motion. The object of the horsemen who have greyhounds is to
+intercept its course, and to slip fresh dogs, in succession, at the
+fatigued animal. In rare instances the second dog kills. It is
+generally the third or fourth; and even these, when the deer is
+strong, and the ground favourable, often fail. This sport, which is
+very exhilarating, was the delight of the late King of Persia, Aga
+Mahomed Khan, whose taste is inherited by the present
+sovereign.&mdash;<i>Sketches of Persia</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PIOUS WATCHMEN IN NORWAY.</h3>
+<p>In Drontheim, the ancient capital of Norway, it appears, that
+the guardians of the night not only <i>watch</i>, but <i>pray</i>
+for the souls of the inhabitants. Mr. Brooke, in his recent
+travels, says, "as each hour elapses, they are prepared with a
+different kind of exhortation or prayer; which, forming a sort of
+tune or chant, is sung by them during the drear hours of the
+night." Of one of these pious songs, he gives the following literal
+translation:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Ho! the Watchman, ho!</p>
+<p>The clock has struck ten,</p>
+<p>Praised be God, our Lord!</p>
+<p>Now it is time to go to bed.</p>
+<p>The housewife and her maid,</p>
+<p>The master as well as his lad.</p>
+<p>The wind is south-east.</p>
+<p>Hallelujah! praised be God, our Lord!"</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>"The <i>voekter</i>, or watchman, is armed with an instrument as
+remarkable as his cry, being nothing less than a long pole, at the
+end of which is a ball, well fortified with iron spikes. This
+weapon is called <i>morgen stierne</i>, or the morning star. At
+Drontheim, however, bands of pick-pockets and thieves are unknown,
+and the morning star does little more than grace the hand of the
+Norwegian watchman."</p>
+<p>As the axe of reform is just laid to the watching system of
+London, we may profit by the example of our Northern brethren; for
+it appears, they not only watch over the temporal, but spiritual
+concerns of their citizens, and it should seem, with salutary
+effect: but the <i>vespers</i> and <i>matins</i>, of a watchman in
+England, would meet with many unholy interruptions.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page370" name="page370"></a>[pg
+370]</span>
+<h2>SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>LONDON CLUB-HOUSES.</h3>
+<p>Club-houses are by no means a new invention; and yet the
+improvements upon the old plan, which was itself an improvement
+upon the former coffee-house, is sufficiently interesting, and
+sufficiently unknown to the people in general, to render some
+account of their advantages not superfluous. The modern club is a
+tavern and newsroom, where the members are both guests and
+landlord. The capital is derived from a sum paid by each member on
+entrance, and the general annual expenses, such as house-rent,
+servants, &amp;c. are defrayed by an annual subscription. The
+society elects a committee for its execution and government, and
+meets at stated intervals for legislative measures. The committee
+appoint a steward to manage its affairs, and a secretary to keep
+the accounts, to take minutes of the proceedings of meetings, and
+transact the business of correspondence. The domestic servants are
+placed under the immediate direction of the steward; but above all
+in the choice of a cook, the discretion of the committee is most
+especially exerted. A house being thus established where the
+society is at home, the rooms are thrown open for their various
+accommodation. In the apartments destined for eating, members may
+breakfast, lunch, dine, and sup, as they list; a bill of fare of
+great variety is prepared; and the gourmand has nothing more to do
+than to study its contents, and write the names of the dishes he
+desires on a bill prepared for the purpose; to mention whether he
+orders dinner for himself alone, or in company with others; and at
+what time he chooses to dine, whether immediately, or at some
+subsequent hour. At the close of his dinner this bill or demand is
+presented to him with the prices annexed, and prompt payment is the
+law.</p>
+<p>Wine is bottled in quarts, pints, and even half-pints, and may
+be had at some institutions even in glasses: it is not needless to
+observe, moreover, that there is no necessity either of fashion or
+regulation to drink it at all. At an inn, a bottle of wine must be
+ordered for the "good of the house," that the waiter may not
+despise you and be surly: that, in short, the guest may be
+tolerably accommodated in other matters; although, perhaps, the
+wine itself (wretched stuff generally at inns) is his
+abhorrence&mdash;though he may never drink any thing but water, and
+may send the decanter away untouched&mdash;the tax must be paid.
+Besides this entertainment for the grosser senses, the more refined
+appetites are considered. In some clubs, the "Travellers" for
+instance, a library is provided; and at most of them, even the most
+unintellectual, a library of reference is supplied. Here all the
+periodicals of the day are laid upon the tables&mdash;both those of
+Great Britain and of the continent, together with the newspapers,
+metropolitan and provincial, and in some instances the political
+journals of Paris. This part of the house may be considered the
+general resort of the gossippers and quidnuncs; and here, or in
+other more commodious places, materials for writing, paper, pens,
+lights, &amp;c. are found. Drawing-rooms, one or more, are next to
+be mentioned&mdash;here the members take their tea or their ease;
+and where cards are played, this is the scene of operation. A
+billiard-room is an agreeable addition to the accommodation of the
+society's house, and several of the inferior apartments are always
+devoted to serve as dressing-rooms. It is clear, that a bachelor
+wants nothing beyond this but a bed; if he chooses to live in this
+sort of public privacy he may; and should he be only a sojourner in
+town, the convenience of a resort of this kind wherein he may make
+his appointments, receive and write his letters, see society, take
+his dinner, spend his evening, if not otherwise engaged, over the
+books, the newspapers, or a rubber of whist, and do all but
+sleep&mdash;a bed in the neighbourhood may supply the article of
+repose.&mdash;Thus all physical wants, and many social ones, are
+abundantly, and even luxuriously supplied.&mdash;<i>London
+Magazine</i>.</p>
+<p>[While upon "clubs," we may as well advert to the prospectus of
+"<i>The Literary Club</i>," which has reached us since our last. It
+professes to be "associated for the <i>assistance</i> of men of
+letters, the development of talent, and the furtherance of the
+interests of literature." It not only aims at <i>charitable</i>
+provision for the weaknesses and infirmities of nature, but
+anticipates "harmony and friendship" among literary men, and "as
+little as possible on any system of exclusion." This is as it
+should be; but we fear the workings and conflicts of passion and
+interest are still too strong to admit of such harmony among the
+sons of genius. Authorship is becoming, if not already become, too
+much of a trade or craft to admit of such a pacificatory scheme:
+but the object of the association is one of the highest importance
+to literature, and we heartily wish it success.&mdash;ED.
+MIRROR.]</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page371" name="page371"></a>[pg
+371]</span>
+<h3>ENGLISH AND FRENCH.</h3>
+<p>Why are the English so fond of clubs, corporate bodies,
+joint-stock companies, and large associations of all
+kinds?&mdash;Because they are the most unsociable set of people in
+the world; for being mostly at variance with each other, they are
+glad to get any one else to join and be on their side; having no
+spontaneous attraction, they are forced to fasten themselves into
+the machine of society; and each holds out in his individual
+shyness and reserve, till he is carried away by the crowd, and
+borne with a violent, but welcome, shock against some other mass of
+aggregate prejudice or self-interest. The English join together to
+get rid of their sharp points and sense of uncomfortable
+peculiarity. Hence their clubs, their mobs, their sects, their
+parties, their spirit of co-operation, and previous understanding
+in every thing. An English mob is a collection of violent and
+headstrong humours, acting with double force from each man's
+natural self-will, and the sense of opposition to others; and the
+same may be said of the nation at large. The French unite and
+separate more easily; and therefore do not collect into such
+formidable masses, and act with such unity and tenacity of purpose.
+It is the same with their ideas, which easily join together, and
+easily part company, but do not form large or striking masses; and
+hence the French are full of wit and fancy, but without imagination
+or principle. The French are governed by fashion, the English by
+cabal. <i>London Weekly Review.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>PROTESTANT BURIAL-GROUND AT ROME.</h3>
+<p>The Cemeterio degli Inglesi, or the Protestant burial-ground,
+stretches calmly and beautifully below the Pyramid of Cestius. The
+site was admirably chosen,&mdash;nothing can be more poetically and
+religiously sepulchral than this most attractive spot. It is worth
+a thousand churches. No one can stand long there without feeling in
+full descent upon his spirit the very best influences of the grave.
+The rich, red, ruinous battlements of the city, broken only by the
+calm and solid unity of the Pyramid; the clustering foliage
+beginning to brown on the ancient towers of the entrance; the deep,
+still, blue sky; the fluttering leaves of the vines which floated
+around, as one by one they dropped from the branches; the freshness
+of the green mounds at my feet,&mdash;these and a thousand other
+features, fully felt at the time, but untranslateable to writing,
+conveyed precisely that philosophy of Death which the poet and
+sculptor have more than once attempted to breathe over their most
+enchanting works, and which here seems an emanation from every
+object which you feel or see. I would place in this spot their
+Genius of Repose, that beautiful statue which joins its hands
+indolently on its head, and casts its melancholy eyes for ever
+towards the earth; that statue, so beautiful that it has been often
+confounded with the Grecian Eros, or the Celestial Love, and is, in
+itself, the best type of the messenger who is one day to lead us
+gently from the heat and toils of this world, into the coolness and
+tranquillity of the next. Every thing here is in unison with these
+thoughts. At a few paces distant from the Pyramid, and adjoining
+the wall, the Cippi and funeral Soroi of the Strangers are to be
+seen. The bright verdure and the bright marbles, the classical
+purity of the monuments, the desert air, the austere solemnity of
+every thing about me, came with new force upon my imagination. I
+walked slowly amongst the tombs, and tried to decipher the
+inscriptions. The dead are of various nations,&mdash;English,
+American, but principally German. Sometimes a cluster of cypresses
+shadowed the tomb&mdash;sometimes a fair flowering shrub had twined
+around it. The epitaphs were written with elegance always; at times
+with the deepest tenderness and beauty. Each had his short history,
+each his melancholy interest and adventure. Here was the man of
+science and literature, who came to lay down his head, after a
+painful and varied pilgrimage, in this City of the Soul. A Humboldt
+was buried here; a Thorwalsden yet may. Here reposes clay too
+finely tempered for the unkindnesses of mankind&mdash;Keats lies
+near;&mdash;a little farther is one who, on the point of quitting
+Rome to rejoin an affectionate family after a too long absence,
+full of the anticipations of the traveller and of youth, is thrown
+from his carriage at a mile's distance from the city, and never
+quits Rome more;&mdash;beside him is an only child, whom the sun of
+Italy could not save;&mdash;and next, one who perished suddenly,
+like Miss Bathurst, in the very bud and bloom of
+existence,&mdash;or another, who died away, day after day, in the
+embraces of her parents, and now rests in the midst of the
+beautiful in vain. The graceful lines of Petrarch are inscribed on
+the sarcophagus&mdash;they are full of feeling and the country, and
+make one pause and dream:&mdash;</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"Non come fiamma, che per forza &egrave; spenta,</p>
+<p>Ma che per se medesma si consuma,</p>
+<p>Se n'and&ograve; in pace, l'anima contenta."</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>No epitaph could be better. <i>New Monthly Magazine.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page372" name="page372"></a>[pg
+372]</span>
+<h3>QUACKS</h3>
+<p>Have nearly the same interest as knaves in concealing their
+ignorance and frauds, and for the most part regard with the same
+fear and detestation the instrument which unmasks their
+pretensions. This must be understood with some qualification,
+because the exposure of ignorance and fraud is not always
+sufficient to open the eyes, and enlighten the understandings, of
+mankind. Some perverse dupes are not to be reasoned out of their
+infatuation; they had rather hug the impostor, than confess the
+cheat; and quacks, speculating upon this infirmity of human nature,
+will sometimes court even an infamous
+notoriety.&mdash;<i>Lancet.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>ANECDOTES OF THE MARVELLOUS.</h3>
+<p><i>Charming away the Hooping Cough.</i></p>
+<p>An English lady, the wife of an officer, accompanied her husband
+to Dublin not very long ago, when his regiment was ordered to that
+station. She engaged an Irish girl as nurse-maid in her family;
+and, a short time after her arrival, was astonished by an urgent
+request from this damsel, to permit her to <i>charm</i> little miss
+from <i>ever</i> having the hooping-cough, (then prevailing in
+Dublin). The lady inquired how this <i>charming</i> business was
+performed; and not long after had, in walking through the streets,
+many times the pleasure of witnessing the process, which is simply
+this:&mdash;An ass is brought before the door of a house, into
+whose mouth a piece of bread is introduced; and the child being
+passed three times over and under the animal's body, the charm is
+completed; and of its efficacy in preventing the spread of a very
+distressing, and sometimes fatal disorder, the lower class of Irish
+are <i>certain</i>.</p>
+<p><i>The Legend of Hell Mary Hill.</i></p>
+<p>Not many miles from Sheffield, as I was told by one who resided
+near the place, there is a forest; and in an out-of-the-way part of
+it, a hill, tolerably high, covered with wood, and vulgarly called
+Hell Mary Hill, though probably this is a name corrupted from one
+more innocent or holy. Near the top of it is a cave, containing, it
+is <i>said</i>, a chest of money,&mdash;a great iron chest,
+<i>so</i> full, that when the sun shines bright upon it, the gold
+can be seen through the key-hole; but it has never yet been stolen,
+because, in the first place, a huge black cat (and wherever a black
+cat is there is mischief, you may be sure) guards the treasure,
+which bristles up, and, fixing a <i>gashful</i> gaze on the
+would-be marauder, with fiery eyes, seems ready to devour him if he
+approach within a dozen yards of the cave; and, secondly, whenever
+this creature is off guard, (and it has occasionally been seen in a
+neighbouring village,) and the treasure has been attempted to be
+withdrawn from its tomb, no mortal rope has been able to sustain
+its weight, each that has been tried invariably breaking when the
+coffer was at the very mouth of the cave; which, being endowed with
+the gift of locomotion, has immediately retrograded into its
+pristine situation! I have mentioned this tradition, as it was told
+to me, because it is so curiously coincident with the German
+superstition of treasure buried within the Hartz mountains,
+guarded, and ever disappointing the cupidity of those who would
+discover and possess themselves of it.</p>
+<p><i>Fairy Loaves.</i></p>
+<p>Being lately in Norfolk, I discovered that the rustics belonging
+to the part of it in which I was staying, particularly regarded a
+kind of fossil-stone, which much resembled a sea-egg petrified, and
+was found frequently in the flinty gravel of that county. They
+esteemed such stones sacred to the elfin train, and termed them
+fairy loaves, forbearing to touch them, lest misfortunes should
+come upon them for the sacrilege. An old woman told me, that as she
+was trudging home one night from her field-work, she took up one of
+these fossils, and was going to carry it home with her; but was
+soon obliged to drop it, and take to her heels as quick as might
+be, from hearing a wrathful voice exclaim, though she saw nobody,
+"Give me my loaf! Give me back my loaf, I say!"&mdash;<i>New London
+Literary Gazette</i>.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>FINE ARTS</h2>
+<h3>HOGARTH'S MARRIAGE-A-LA-MODE.</h3>
+<p>Hogarth's admirable series of pictures, entitled
+<i>Marriage-&agrave;-la-mode</i>, were at first slightly treated by
+the public, at which the artist was greatly incensed. Being in want
+of money, he was at length obliged to dispose of them to Mr. Lane,
+of Hillington, for one hundred and twenty guineas. The pictures
+being in good frames, which cost Hogarth four guineas a piece, his
+remuneration for painting this valuable series was but a few
+shillings more than one hundred pounds. On the demise of Mr. Lane,
+they became the property of his nephew, Colonel Cawthorn, who very
+highly valued them. In the year 1797 they were sold by auction, at
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page373" name="page373"></a>[pg
+373]</span> Christie's, Pall Mall, for the sum of one thousand
+guineas; the liberal purchaser being the late Mr. Angerstein. They
+now belong to government, and are the most attractive objects in
+the National Gallery.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>HAMPTON COURT PALACE.</h3>
+<p>The gardens and park, which are three miles in circumference,
+appear to me to be above all competition. As you enter, you are
+struck with the majestic beauty of the trees, and the fine gravel
+walks. As you advance, the fountains and statues demand your
+admiration; particularly the famous <i>Gladiator</i>, which was
+brought from Rome. While in the gardens, the statues of Flora,
+Ceres, Pomona, and Diana, placed on the west front of the building,
+are seen to much advantage.</p>
+<p>The magnificent palace was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey,
+and consists of three principal quadrangles. Here Cromwell resided,
+and it was the favourite residence of William and Mary. It is
+chiefly built of brick, and is very capacious, more so than any
+other royal palace in the British empire. Arriving at the great
+entrance, you almost seem as if you were about to enter a fairy
+castle. The floor of the hall is laid out in beautiful square slabs
+of marble, and a staircase of the same material leads you to the
+upper apartments, which contain pictures and numerous
+curiosities.</p>
+<p>Among the fine paintings, I shall notice a few, which appear to
+me as being perfect master-pieces. But I must first take the
+liberty of saying a word or two about the <i>gentleman</i> who
+conducts you through the rooms to <i>explain</i> the several
+pictures. When I had the pleasure of being with him, his hair was
+powdered, and he carried a silver-headed cane. He hurried me
+through the rooms, filling my ears with such gibberish as
+this:&mdash;"That ere picture, sir, up there, was painted, five
+hundred years ago, for William the Conqueror, by Wandyke."<a id=
+"footnotetag4" name="footnotetag4"></a><a href=
+"#footnote4"><sup>4</sup></a> This is no mean blunder in
+chronology!</p>
+<p>There is a fine portrait of <i>William the Third on
+horseback</i>, of the size of life, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the
+horse is painted in a side view, and has a good effect. There are
+eight fine female portraits of distinguished personages, by the
+same hand, in the highest state of preservation.</p>
+<p><i>Bandinella, the Sculptor</i>, by Corregio, is a most
+beautiful portrait. The face of the sculptor is full of vivid
+expression, and the gold chain about his neck is almost a
+deception. This painting, and a <i>Holy Family</i>, are all we find
+of the great Corregio at Hampton Court.</p>
+<p><i>Charles the First</i>, on horseback, by Sir A. Vandyke, is
+certainly much superior to the portrait of William, mentioned
+above. As a painter, Sir Godfrey cannot be ranked with Vandyke,
+though, I believe, the former considered himself much higher in the
+arts than the latter. The picture before us is an admirable
+specimen of Vandyke's powers.</p>
+<p><i>George the Third</i>, likewise on horseback, reviewing his
+troops on Hounslow Heath, by Sir William Beechey, R.A. This picture
+is unquestionably one of Sir William's best productions, and does
+honour to the fine arts of this country. With the above portraits,
+there are others by West, &amp;c., which possess considerable
+merit.</p>
+<p>There are, also, several choice specimens of Titian, Holbein,
+and Domenichino; with a few cabinet pictures in the Dutch school,
+by Teniers, Ostade, &amp;c. In this palace are Raphael's celebrated
+cartoons, which are too <i>well</i> known to need describing in
+this place. G.W.N.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.</h2>
+<hr />
+<h3>A BALLAD SINGER.</h3>
+<p><i>A Ballad-Singer</i> is a town-crier for the advertising of
+lost tunes. Hunger hath made him a wind-instrument; his want is
+vocal, and not he. His voice had gone a-begging before he took it
+up, and applied it to the same trade; it was too strong to hawk
+mackerel, but was just soft enough for "Robin Adair." His business
+is to make popular songs unpopular,&mdash;he gives the air, like a
+weather-cock, with many variations. As for a key, he has but
+one&mdash;a latch-key&mdash;for all manner of tunes; and as they
+are to pass current amongst the lower sorts of people, he makes his
+notes like a country banker's, as thick as he can. His tones have a
+copper sound, for he sounds for copper; and for the musical
+divisions he hath no regard, but sings on, like a kettle, without
+taking any heed of the bars. Before beginning he clears his pipe
+with gin; and is always hoarse from the thorough draft in his
+throat. He hath but one shake, and that is in winter. His voice
+sounds flat, from flatulence; and he fetches breath, like a
+drowning kitten, whenever he can. Notwithstanding all this, his
+music gains ground, for it walks with him from end to end of the
+street. He is <span class="pagenum"><a id="page374" name=
+"page374"></a>[pg 374]</span> your only performer that requires not
+many entreaties for a song; for he will chant, without asking, to a
+street cur, or a parish post. His only backwardness is to a stave
+after dinner, seeing that he never dines; for he sings for bread,
+and though corn has ears, sings very commonly in vain. As for his
+country, he is an Englishman, that by his birthright may sing
+whether he can or not. To conclude, he is reckoned passable in the
+city, but is not so good off the stones.&mdash;<i>Whims and
+Oddities. Second series.</i></p>
+<hr />
+<h3>VOYAGE UP THE MISSISSIPPI.</h3>
+<p>On leaving New Orleans, in ascending the river, the country,
+still the same continuous flat, is enriched and enlivened by a
+succession of pretty houses and plantations, with each a small
+negro town near them, as well as the sugar-houses, gardens, and
+summer-houses, which give the idea of wealth and industry. For
+sixty miles the banks present the appearance of one continued
+village skirted with plantations of cotton, sugar-cane, and rice,
+for about two miles from the river, bounded in the rear, by the
+uncultivated swamps and woods. The boat proceeds continually near
+the shore on one side or the other, and attracts the inhabitants to
+the front of their neat houses, placed amidst orange groves, and
+shaded with vines and beautiful evergreens. I was surprised to see
+the swarms of children of all colours that issued from these
+abodes. In infancy, the progeny of the slave, and that of his
+master, seem to know no distinction; they mix in their sports, and
+appear as fond of each other as the brothers and sisters of one
+family; but in activity, life, joy, and animal spirits, the little
+negro, unconscious of his future situation seems to me to enjoy
+more pleasure in this period of existence, than his pale
+companions. The sultry climate of Louisiana, perhaps, is more
+congenial to the African constitution, than to that of the
+European.</p>
+<p>The next morning we arrived at Baton Rouge, 127 miles on our
+journey; a pretty little town, on the east side, and the first
+rising ground we had seen, being delightfully situated on a gradual
+acclivity, from which is a fine view of the surrounding flats. The
+fine barracks close to it, contain a few companies of troops. We
+here stopped to take in some ladies, who continued with us till the
+end of the voyage. To this place the leve&eacute;, or artificial
+banks, are continued on both sides of the river from New Orleans,
+without which the land would be continually overflowed. From this
+to Natches (232 miles,) the country is not interesting, consisting
+principally of dense forest and wilderness, impenetrable to the
+eye, diversified, however, by the various water fowl which the
+passing vessels disturb, in their otherwise solitary haunts, and by
+the number of black and grey squirrels leaping from branch to
+branch in the trees. The great blue kingfisher, which is common
+here, is so tame, as scarcely to move, as the boat passes, and we
+frequently saw, and passed close to large alligators, which
+generally appeared to be asleep, stretched on the half-floating
+logs. Several were fired at from the vessel, but none procured. One
+pair that I saw together, must have been each upwards of twelve
+feet long.</p>
+<p>Natches is a pleasantly situated town, or rather a steep hill,
+about half a mile from the landing place, where are many stores and
+public houses. The boat remained here an hour, and we ascended to
+the upper town, a considerable place, with a town-house, and
+several good streets and well-furnished shops, in which we
+purchased some books. This place exports much cotton, and the
+planters are said to be rich. It commands a fine prospect over the
+river and surrounding country. It has been tried as a summer
+residence by some of the inhabitants of New Orleans, but the
+scourges of this part of America (fever and ague) extend their
+ravages for more than 1000 miles higher up. A partial elevation of
+ground, in an unhealthy district, has been proved to be more
+pernicious, than even the level itself. From hence, to the junction
+of the Ohio, there is little to interest the stranger, excepting
+the diversity of wood and water. The ground rises in some places,
+though with little variety, till you pass the junction of the Ohio,
+1253 miles from the sea. Shortly after entering the Ohio, the
+country begins to improve; you perceive the ground beginning to
+rise in the distance, and the bank occasionally to rear into small
+hills, which show their strata of stone, and rise into bluffs,
+projecting into the bends of the river, shutting it in, so as to
+produce the effect of sailing on a succession of the finest lakes,
+through magnificent woods, which momentarily changed their form,
+from the rapid motion of our boat. It was now full moon, and these
+scenes viewed during the clear nights, were indescribably
+beautiful.&mdash;<i>Bullock's Journey to New York</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>IRISH TWINS.</h3>
+<p>The Miss Mac Taafs were both on the ground, and both standing
+enough in <span class="pagenum"><a id="page375" name=
+"page375"></a>[pg 375]</span> profile, to give Lord Arranmore a
+full and perfect view of their figure, without being seen by them.
+His first opinion was, that they were utterly unchanged; and that
+like the dried specimens of natural history, they had bidden
+defiance to time. Tall, stately, and erect, their weather-beaten
+countenance and strongly marked features were neither faded nor
+fallen in. The deep red hue of a frosty and vigorous senility still
+coloured their unwrinkled faces. Their hair, well powdered and
+pomatumed, was drawn up by the roots from their high foreheads,
+over their lofty "systems;" and their long, lank necks rose like
+towers above their projecting busts; which, with their straight,
+sticky, tight-laced waists, terminating in the artificial rotundity
+of a half-dress bell-hoop, gave them the proportions of an
+hour-glass. They wore grey camlet riding habits, with large black
+Birmingham buttons (to mark the slight mourning for their deceased
+brother-in-law): while petticoats, fastened as pins did or did not
+their office, shewed more of the quilted marseilles and stuff
+beneath, than the precision of the toilet required: both of which,
+from their contact with the water of the bog, merited the epithet
+of "Slappersallagh," bestowed on their wearers by Terence O'Brien.
+Their habit-shirts, chitterlings, and cravats, though trimmed with
+Trawlee lace, seemed by their colour to evince that yellow starch,
+put out of fashion by the ruff of the murderous Mrs. Turner in
+England, was still to be had in Ireland. Their large, broad silver
+watches, pendant from their girdle by massy steel chains, showed
+that their owners took as little account of time as time had taken
+of them. "Worn for show, not use," they were still without those
+hands, which it had been in the contemplation of the Miss Mac Taafs
+to have replaced by the first opportunity, for the last five years.
+High-crowned black-beaver hats, with two stiff, upright, black
+feathers, that seemed to bridle like their wearers, and a large
+buckle and band, completed the costume of these venerable specimens
+of human architecture: the <i>tout ensemble</i> recalling to the
+nephew the very figures and dresses which had struck him with
+admiration and awe when first brought in from the Isles of Arran by
+his foster mother, to pay his duty to his aunts, and ask their
+blessing, eighteen years before. The Miss Mac Taafs, in their
+sixty-first year, (for they were twins,) might have sunk with
+safety ten or twelve years of their age. Their minds and persons
+were composed of that fibre which constitutes nature's veriest
+huckaback. Impressions fell lightly on both; and years and feelings
+alike left them unworn and uninjured.&mdash;<i>The O'Briens, and
+the O'Flahertys, by Lady Morgan</i>.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>AUTUMN.</h3>
+<h4>BY JOHN CLARE.</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Me it delights, in mellow Autumn tide,</p>
+<p class="i2">To mark the pleasaunce that mine eye surrounds:</p>
+<p>The forest-trees like coloured posies pied:</p>
+<p class="i2">The upland's mealy grey, and russet grounds;</p>
+<p>Seeking for joy, where joyaunce most abounds;</p>
+<p class="i2">Not found, I ween, in courts and halls of pride,</p>
+<p>Where folly feeds, or flattery's sighs and sounds,</p>
+<p class="i2">And with sick heart, but seemeth to be merry:</p>
+<p>True pleasaunce is with humble food supplied;</p>
+<p class="i2">Like shepherd swain, who plucks the brambleberry.</p>
+<p>With savoury appetite, from hedge-row briars,</p>
+<p class="i2">Then drops content on molehills' sunny side;</p>
+<p>Proving, thereby, low joys and small desires</p>
+<p class="i2">Are easiest fed, and soonest satisfied.</p>
+<p class="i10"><i>The Amulet.</i></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+<h2>THE GATHERER.</h2>
+<blockquote>"I am but a <i>Gatherer</i> and disposer of other men's
+stuff,"&mdash;<i>Wotton</i>.</blockquote>
+<hr />
+<h3>HOLY WATER.</h3>
+<p>A friend of mine (says Mr. Lambert, in his Travels,) was once
+present at the house of a French lady in Canada, when a violent
+thunder storm commenced. The shutters were immediately closed, and
+the room darkened. The lady of the house, not willing to leave the
+safety of herself and company to chance, began to search her
+closets for the bottle of holy water, which, by a sudden flash of
+lightning, she fortunately found. The bottle was uncorked, and its
+contents immediately sprinkled over the ladies and gentlemen. It
+was a most dreadful storm, and lasted a considerable time; she
+therefore redoubled her sprinklings and benedictions at every clap
+of thunder or flash of lightning. At length the storm abated, and
+the party were providentially saved from its effects; which the
+good lady attributed solely to the precious water. But when the
+shutters were opened, and the light admitted, the company found, to
+the destruction of their white gowns and muslin handkerchiefs;
+their coats, waistcoats, and breeches, that instead of holy water,
+the pious lady had sprinkled them with <i>ink</i>. W.P.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>QUID PRO QUO.</h3>
+<p>Louis XVIII. asked the Duke of Wellington familiarly, how old he
+was; the latter replied, "Sire, I was born in the year 1768." "And
+so was Buonaparte," rejoined the king; "Providence owed us this
+compensation." C.F.E.</p>
+<hr />
+<span class="pagenum"><a id="page376" name="page376"></a>[pg
+376]</span>
+<h3>NAUTICAL EPITAPHS.</h3>
+<p>In the west part of Fife, in the churchyard of the village of
+Torryburn, part of an epitaph remains, which deserves notice. A
+part was very absurdly erased by the owner of the burying ground,
+to make way for the names of some of his kindred. The whole epitaph
+formerly stood thus:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>At anchor now, in Death's dark road,</p>
+<p class="i2">Rides honest Captain Hill,</p>
+<p>Who served his king, and feared his God,</p>
+<p class="i2">With upright heart and will:</p>
+<p>In social life, sincere and just,</p>
+<p class="i2">To vice of no kind given;</p>
+<p>So that his better part, we trust,</p>
+<p class="i2">Hath made the Port of Heaven.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>Another, in the parish of Duffus (Morayshire), runs thus:</p>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Though Eolus' blasts and Neptune's waves have toss'd me to
+and</p>
+<p class="i2">fro,</p>
+<p>Yet now, at last, by Heaven's decree, I harbour here below;</p>
+<p>Where at anchor I do lie, with others of our fleet,</p>
+<p>Till the last trump do raise us up our Admiral Christ to
+meet.</p>
+<p><span style="margin-left:3em">CHARLES STUART.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>ON A DRUNKEN COBBLER.</h3>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>Enclosed within this narrow stall,</p>
+<p>Lies one who was a friend to <i>awl</i>;</p>
+<p>He saved bad <i>souls</i> from getting worse,</p>
+<p>But d&mdash;&mdash;n'd his own without remorse;</p>
+<p>And tho' a drunken life he pass'd,</p>
+<p>Yet say'd <i>his soul</i>, by <i>mending at the
+last!</i><span style="margin-left:3em">E.L.I.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>WATER GRUEL.</h3>
+<p>In an old paper, dated Friday, 13th Aug. 1695, is the following
+curious advertisement:&mdash;</p>
+<p>"At the marine coffee-house, in Birchin-lane, is water-gruel to
+be sold every morning from six till eleven of the clock. 'Tis not
+yet thoroughly known; but there comes such company as drinks
+usually four or five gallons in a morning." G.S.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>A clergyman being on the road to his country living, (to which
+he pays an annual visit,) was stopped by a friend, who asked him
+where he could be going so far from town,&mdash;"Like other
+people," replied he, "to my parish." C.F.E.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>THE LETTER C.</h3>
+<p>Curious coincidences respecting the letter C, as connected with
+the lamented Princess Charlotte.</p>
+<p>Her mother's name was Caroline, her own name was Charlotte; that
+of her consort Coburg; she was married at Carlton house; her town
+residence was at Camelford house, the late owner of which Lord
+Camelford, was untimely killed in a duel; her country residence,
+Claremont, not long ago the property of Lord Clive, who ended his
+days by suicide; she died in Childbed, the name of her accoucheur
+being Croft. C.F.E.</p>
+<hr />
+<h3>GIVING AND TAKING.</h3>
+<h4>(<i>From the French</i>.)</h4>
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+<p>"I never give a kiss (says Prue)</p>
+<p class="i2">To naughty man, for I abhor it."</p>
+<p>She will not <i>give</i> a kiss, 'tis true;</p>
+<p class="i2">She'll <i>take</i> one though, and thank you for
+it.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<hr />
+<h3>GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY.</h3>
+<p>This amiable man told me that his affecting song, "When my money
+was gone," &amp;c. was suggested by the real story of a sailor, who
+came to beg money while Carey was breakfasting, with an open
+window, at the beautiful inn at Stoney Cross, in the New
+Forest.</p>
+<p>He also declared that his father, Henry Carey, wrote the song of
+"God save the King," in the house in Hatton-Garden, which has a
+stone bracket, a few doors from the Police-office.</p>
+<hr />
+<p>[In No. 282 of The MIRROR, we omitted our acknowledgment to a
+well-executed illustrative work (now in course of publication),
+intitled "London in the Nineteenth Century," of which our artist
+availed himself for his View of <i>Hanover Terrace</i>, Regent's
+Park. The drawing in the above work is by Mr. T.H. Shepherd; and
+the literary department (of which we did not avail ourselves) is by
+Mr. Elmes, author of "the Life of Sir Christopher Wren."]</p>
+<hr />
+<p><i>LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS</i>.</p>
+<p>Now publishing in numbers, price 3d. each, Embellished with
+Engravings on Steel, The BEAUTIES of SCOTT, forming the second of a
+Series of</p>
+<p><i>ELEGANT EXTRACTS</i>.</p>
+<p>VOL. I. comprises The BEAUTIES of BYRON, embellished with Four
+Engravings, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.</p>
+<p>VOL. II. comprises The BEAUTIES of WAVERLEY, GUY MANNERING, and
+IVANHOE, embellished with Engravings on Steel, price 3s. 6d. in
+boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.</p>
+<p>"The BEAUTIES are selected with great skill, and a nice
+perception of the excellencies of the author, and altogether
+compose a most attractive volume."&mdash;<i>Weekly Times</i>.</p>
+<p>The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. in boards, half-bound, 8s.</p>
+<p>The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.</p>
+<p>COOK'S VOYAGES. Price only 7s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound
+9s.</p>
+<p>The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED
+Price 5s. boards.</p>
+<p>The MICROCOSM. Price 2s. or in boards, 2s. 6d By the Rt. Hon. G.
+CANNING, M.P. and other Writers, with a Memoir and Two
+Portraits.</p>
+<p>GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.</p>
+<p>DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.</p>
+<p>BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.</p>
+<p>SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote1" name=
+"footnote1"></a> <b>Footnote 1</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+<p>Probably on the plan of the lord mayor's household table. Well,
+Swift is right in supposing the great art of life to be that of
+hoaxing.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name=
+"footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+<p>We are compelled to defer our Correspondent's Notes on his
+second reading of Ivanhoe&mdash;Ed.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote3" name=
+"footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+<p>A toman is a nominal coin nearly the value of a pound
+sterling.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<blockquote class="footnote"><a id="footnote4" name=
+"footnote4"></a> <b>Footnote 4</b>:<a href=
+"#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+<p>Sir Antony Vandyke, who died about the year 1640.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><i>Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD, 143, Strand, (near
+Somerset-House,) and sold by all Newsmen and Booksellers.</i></p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 285 ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
+       Vol. 10, Issue 285, December 1, 1827
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: March 1, 2004 [EBook #11388]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 285 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Keith M. Eckrich, David King, and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+Vol. 10, No. 285.] SATURDAY, DECEMBER 1, 1827. [Price 2d
+
+
+
+CASTLE OF THE SEVEN TOWERS
+
+
+[Illustration: Castle of the Seven Towers at Constantinople.]
+
+ 1. Triumphal Arch of Constantine.
+ 2. First Tower of the Pentagon.
+ 3. First Marble Tower.
+ 4. Second Marble Tower.
+ 5. Angle of the Pentagon with the fallen Tower.
+ 6. Double Tower.
+ 7. Dedecagonal tower.
+ 8. Square Tower of entrance to the Prison.
+ 9. Round Tower falling to decay.
+10. House of the Aga, &c.
+11. Garden of the Aga's House.
+12. Cemetery of the Martyrs.
+
+The celebrity of the _Seven Towers_ in European countries, though
+strongly savouring of romance, is no joke--it being the _prison_ where
+the Turks confine the ministers and ambassadors of the powers with whom
+they are at war. At the present moment this engraving will doubtless be
+acceptable to our readers; especially to such of our City friends as
+have recently been induced to speculate on the heads of ambassadors of
+the allied powers; and a few days since it might have served as a scale
+for their _wagering_ the "price of blood."
+
+With the early account of this castle we shall be brief. It is cited in
+the history of the lower empire from the sixth century of the Christian
+era, as a point which served for the defence of Constantinople. The
+embrasures of some of its towers, as well as of the towers that flank
+the ramparts of the town from the southern angle of the castle to the
+sea, blackened as is supposed by the Greek fire, announce that it was
+the principal bulwark of the city on the side of the Propontis, in the
+latter times of the empire. In 1453, Mahomet II., after an obstinate
+siege, gained possession of Constantinople and the Castle of the Seven
+Towers, fear opening to him one of the gates of the latter. The Turks
+relate that 12,000 men perished in this siege; and the marks of the
+ravages of the artillery are still visible, for, as usual, the conqueror
+did not concern himself about repairs. Since that time the place has
+been the arena of many remarkable events, among which was the tragical
+murder of the caliph Osman the Second. This has been followed up by many
+bloody executions; and at every turn gloomy sentiments, and the proud
+names of Turks and Greek princes, inscribed on the walls, speak the sad
+fate of those by whose hands they were traced. Towers filled with irons,
+chains, ancient arms, tombs, ruins, dungeons, cold and silent vaults, a
+pit called _the well of blood_, the funeral cry of owls and of vultures,
+mingled with the roar of the waves--such are the objects and sounds with
+which the eye and ear are familiarized in these dreary abodes, according
+to poor Ponqueville, the traveller, who speaks from experience--_within
+the walls._ All this is a sorry picture for the
+
+  "--Gentlemen of England,
+  Who live at home at ease."
+
+But the _state purposes_ to which the _Seven Towers_ are appropriated
+boast of comparative comfort, "the prisoners detained here being
+distinguished from all other prisoners of war by an allowance for the
+table which is assigned them by the sultan, and by the appellation of
+_mouzafirs_, or hostages.[1] It may, indeed," continues our traveller,
+"be considered as a great favour to be regarded in this light, comparing
+their situation with that of others, who fall into captivity among the
+Turks." Moreover, this castle is dignified as _an imperial fortress_,
+and governed by an aga with a guard and a band of music. Indeed, we
+suppose it a sort of lock-up house preparatory to more rigorous
+confinement; and its governorship is a peaceable and honourable post.
+The Turks who compose the garrison of the Seven Towers have, in the
+first place, the advantage of being esteemed persons of a certain
+distinction in their quarter; and, secondly, they are exempted from
+going out to war, to which every Musselman is liable.
+
+    [1] Probably on the plan of the lord mayor's household table.
+    Well, Swift is right in supposing the great art of life to be
+    that of hoaxing.
+
+This castle stands at the eastern extremity of the Propontis, or Sea of
+Marmara; it is a tolerably regular pentagon, four out of the five angles
+of which are flanked by towers; the fifth angle had also a tower, but it
+exists no longer. Its principal front is towards the west, and has,
+besides the tower at one of the angles, two others, which stand on each
+side the ancient triumphal arch of Constantine. The gate of entrance to
+the Seven Towers on the side of the town is to the east, in a small
+square. The longest side of the pentagon is that in which Constantine's
+arch is included; while towers existed at all the angles, this side
+presented a front of four towers; but it has now only three. The first
+marble tower is an enormous mass, between eighty and ninety feet high.
+
+The triumphal arch of Constantine, which occupies the centre between the
+two marble towers, conducts to the golden gate in the exterior enclosure
+of the castle. The arch was more than ninety feet in height; but it has
+been so much injured by artillery, that no idea can now be formed of its
+ornaments. In the second marble tower is the _Cave of Blood_: the first
+door by which it is entered is of wood; this opens into a corridor of
+twelve feet long by four feet wide, having at the end two iron steps
+ascending to an iron door, and this leads into a semicircular gallery;
+at its furthest extremity is a second iron door, which completes the
+gallery, and ten feet further an immense massive door enclosing the
+dungeon. In the midst of this sarcophagus is a well, the mouth of which
+is level with the ground, and half closed by two flag-stones; to this is
+given the name of the _well of blood_, because the heads of those who
+are executed in the dungeon are thrown into it. In the same tower with
+this dungeon is a staircase leading up to a number of cells; from some
+of them, which are higher than the ramparts, the eye may be gratified
+with a view over Constantinople through loop-holes pierced in the walls.
+Here the Turks formerly used to confine those whom they call
+_mouzafirs_, or hostages; but the latter have now the choice allowed
+them of hiring more eligible apartments.
+
+The first enclosure of the Seven Towers is inhabited chiefly by poor
+Turks, who have houses, and live there with their families. They also
+belong to the guard of the castle.
+
+The air of the Seven Towers is in general unwholesome, and very likely
+to produce scrofula. In the summer the walls, heated by the sun,
+transform the place into a furnace; and the apartments on the first
+floor are at all times extremely damp.
+
+Our engraving, aided by the subjoined references, will, however, enable
+our readers to form an accurate idea of the topography of the _Seven
+Towers_. It is copied from the Travels of M. Ponqueville, who devotes a
+chapter of his quarto volume to a minute description of towers, gardens,
+and fortresses. Nothing can exceed the horror with which his catalogue
+of their miseries is calculated to impress the reader; indeed, they fall
+but little short of some of the highly-wrought fictions of barbarous
+romance.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ASTRONOMICAL OCCURRENCES FOR DECEMBER, 1827.
+
+(For the Mirror.)
+
+
+The sun enters the cardinal and tropical sign _Capricorn_ on the 22nd,
+attaining his greatest austral declination at 1h. 31m. afternoon.
+
+The moon is in opposition on the 3rd; in apogee on the 6th, and in
+conjunction and perigee on the 18th.
+
+Mercury is in perihelion on the 1st, becomes stationary on the 9th, and
+reaches his greatest elongation on the 19th, when he may be seen before
+sunrise, as well as a few preceding and succeeding mornings; be rises on
+the abovementioned day at 6h. 8m.
+
+Venus is in aphelio on the 18th, and in conjunction with the planet
+Herschel on the 28th at 9 h. evening; she sets on the 1st at 4 h. 48 m.,
+and on the 31st at 5-1/2 h. evening.
+
+Mars rises on the 1st at 3h, 14m., and on the 31st at 2 h. 46 m.
+morning.
+
+Jupiter rises on the 1st at 4 h. 39 m. and on the 31st at 3h. morning;
+he has now receded far enough from the sun to render the eclipses of his
+nearest moon visible; the first immersion will take place on the 3rd at
+6 h. 39 m. 4 s. morning; the next on the 19th at 4 h. 54 m. 42 s.
+morning, and the last on the 26th at 6 h. 48 m. 14 s. morning, those
+being the only ones that happen during the month.
+
+Saturn who commenced retrograding on the 2nd, last month, in 20 deg.
+18m. of _Cancer_, will on the 31st have reached 17 deg. 26 m. of the
+same sign, and will be found a few degrees below the star _Pollux_ in
+the constellation _Gemini_, rising on the 1st at 6h. 49m., and on the
+31st at 4 h. 27 m. evening.
+
+Herschel culminates on the 1st at 3 h. 23m., and on the 31st at 1 h. 17
+m.
+
+_Fomalhaut_ in Pisces, a star of the first magnitude, and very much
+resembling the planet Saturn, (except that its light is not so steady,)
+will be observed only a few degrees above the horizon in the south west,
+coming to the meridian at 6 h. 19 m. evening; _Markal_ in the wing of
+Pegasus, the flying horse at 6 h. 26 m. _Alpheratz_ and _Mirach_, the
+former in the head, and the latter in the girdle, of Andromeda at 7 h.
+31 m. and 8 h. 31 m. _Menkar_ in the jaw of _Cetus_ the whale at 10 h.
+24 m.; the four preceding are of the second magnitude. The _Pleiades_
+south at 11 h. 8m., and _Aldebaran_ in Taurus, generally called the
+Bull's Eye, a brilliant star of the first magnitude at 11 h. 56 m.; the
+upper or northern portion of the constellation _Orion_ at 12-1/2 h., and
+the lower or southern part at 1 h. morning.
+
+These remarks cannot be better concluded, than by calling the attention
+of the readers of the MIRROR to the unerring regularity of the motion of
+the heavenly bodies. Though their magnitude is so immense, the certainty
+and correctness of their movements during thousands of years, is far
+more exact than that of the best chronometer ever made, even during a
+single year: how great, then, must be the ignorance of him who does not
+behold in them the Almighty ruler of all things; and how great the folly
+of him, who says in his heart, and evinces by his conduct that he
+believes there is no God. And let him who denies what he cannot
+comprehend, be addressed in the impressive language of holy writ, "Canst
+thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of
+Orion? Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou
+guide Arcturus with his Sons?" 14_th November_, 1827. PASCHE.
+
+       *       *       *       *      *
+
+
+COLD WINTER IS COMING.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--take care of your toes--
+    Gay Zephyr has folded his fan;
+  His lances are couch'd in the ice-wind that blows,
+    So mail up as warm as you can.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--he's ready to start
+    From his home on the mountains afar;
+  He is shrunken and pale--he looks froze to the heart,
+    And snow-wreaths embellish his car.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--Hark! did ye not hear
+    The blast which his herald has blown?
+  The children of Nature all trembled in fear,
+    For to them is his power made known.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--there breathes not a flower,
+    Though sometimes the day may pass fair!
+  The soft lute is removed from the lady's lorn bower,
+    Lest it coldly be touched by the air.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--all stript are the groves,
+    The passage-bird hastens away;
+  To the lovely blue South, like the tourist, he roves,
+    And returns like the sunshine in May.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--he'll breathe on the stream--
+    And the bane of his petrific breath
+  Will seal up the waters; till, in the moon-beam.
+    They lie stirless, as slumber or death!
+
+  Cold Winter is coming, and soon shall we see
+    On the panes, by that genius Jack Frost,
+  Fine drawings of mountain, stream, tower, an tree--
+    Framed and glazed too, without any cost.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming---ye delicate fair,
+    Take care when your hyson you sip;--
+  Drink it quick, and don't talk, lest he come unaware,
+    And turn it to ice on your lip.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--I charge you again--
+    Muffle warm--of the tyrant beware--
+  He's so brave, that to strike the young hero he's fain--
+    He's so told he'll not favour the fair.
+
+  Cold Winter is coming--I've said so before--
+    It seems I've not much else to say;
+  Yes, Winter is coming, and God help the poor!
+    I wish it was going away,
+
+_Nov 5th 1827._ C. COLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAUTICAL PHRASES.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+Sir,--The annexed _Definition_ of Nautical, Names, &c. will not, I dare
+say, to most of your readers, be uninteresting. G.W.N.
+
+_The Starboard_ is the right side of the ship, as the _lar_-board is the
+left.
+
+_The Parrel_ is a movable band-rope, used to fasten the yard to its
+respective mast.
+
+_Backstays_ are long ropes, reaching from the right and left sides of
+the vessel to the mast heads.
+
+_Travellers_ are slight iron rings, encircling the backstays, and are
+used for hoisting the top-gallant yards, and confining them to the
+backstays.
+
+_Rolling-tackle_ is a number of pulleys, engaged to confine the yard to
+the weather side of the mast; this tackle is much used in a rough sea.
+
+_Booms_ are masts or yards, lying on board in reserve.
+
+_The Courses_ are the mainsail, foresail, and the mizen.
+
+_The Staysail_ is of a triangular form, running upon the
+fore-topmast-stay, just above the bowsprit.
+
+_Reef-tackles_ are ropes employed in the operation of reefing. &c.
+
+_Clue-lines_ are used to truss up the clues, or to lower the corners of
+the largest sails.
+
+_The Brake_ is the handle of the pump, by which it is worked.
+
+_Bowlines_ are ropes for keeping the windward edge of the sail steady.
+
+_The Wells_ are places in the ship's hold for the pumps, &c.
+
+_Earings_ are small lines, by which the uppermost corners of the largest
+sails are secured to the yard-arms.
+
+_Reefs_ are spaces by which the principal sails are reduced when the
+wind is too high, and enlarged again when its force abates.
+
+_Topsails_ are long and square, of the second degree in magnitude in all
+great ships.
+
+_Haliards_ are single ropes, by which the sails are hoisted up and
+lowered at pleasure.
+
+_Tally_ is the operation of hauling aft the _sheets_, or drawing them in
+the direction of the ship's stern.
+
+_Towing_ is the operation of drawing a vessel forward by means of long
+lines, &c.
+
+_Timoneer_, from the French _timonnier_, is a name given, on particular
+occasions, to the steersman of a ship.
+
+_Bars_ are large masses of sand or earth, formed by the surge of the
+sea; they are mostly found at the entrances of great rivers or havens,
+and often render navigation extremely dangerous.
+
+_The Ox-Eye_, so called by seamen, is a remarkable appearance in the
+heavens, resembling a small lurid speck, and always precedes two
+particular storms, known only between the tropics.
+
+_Azimuth-Compass_ is an instrument employed for ascertaining the sun's
+magnetical azimuth.
+
+_Studding-Sails_ are long and narrow, and are used only in fine weather,
+on the outside of the large square sails.
+
+_Stay-Sails_ have three corners, and are hoisted up on the stays when
+the wind crosses the ship.
+
+_Broaching-to_ is a sudden movement in navigation, when the ship, while
+scudding before the wind, accidentally turns her side to windward.
+
+_Wales_ are a number of strong and thick planks, covering the lower part
+of the ship's side.
+
+_Scud_ is a name given by sailors to the lowest clouds; which are mostly
+observed in squally weather.
+
+_The Sheets_ are ropes used for extending the clues, or lowering the
+corners of the sails.
+
+_Brails_ are ropes used to truss up a sail to a mast or yard.
+
+_Reef-Bands_ are long pieces of rough canvass sewed across the sails to
+give them additional strength.
+
+_Scudding_ is a term applied to a vessel when carried furiously along by
+a tempest.
+
+_Leeward_ implies when the ship lies on that side to which the wind is
+directed.
+
+_Windbound_ means when the ship is detained in one particular station by
+contrary winds.
+
+_Windward_ is when the ship is in the direction of the wind.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHRONICLES OF THE CANONGATE.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror._)
+
+
+Sir,--Since my last communication to you on the subject of the works, so
+commonly spoken of as by the "Great Unknown"--"the Wizard of the North,"
+and other equally _novel cognomina_, the veil has been withdrawn; we now
+have the open avowal, both from his own lips, and under his own hand, of
+the authorship from the individual himself, who has so long, and, as it
+now appears, so justly, enjoyed the reputation of having written them.
+
+To judge from what he says in the second volume of "the Chronicles of
+the Canongate," just published--I mean in the character of Mr.
+Croftangry,--it is clear that he is conscious of such slips and
+carelessness as I have before pointed out. I am therefore at a loss to
+understand why he should allow them to remain like spots that deface the
+general beauty of his productions, as by submitting them for perusal to
+the merest Tyro in grammar or composition before they were sent to
+press, they could not fail of being obliterated.
+
+It is surely no very good policy for an artist, jealous of his
+reputation, knowingly to leave his works unfinished. Without, however,
+detaining you, or your readers, by such obvious remarks, I shall resume
+my task, hoping that you will be able to find room for the following in
+your useful and entertaining miscellany.
+
+In the first volume, p. 168, of the present work, we read: "She was once
+the beautiful and happy wife of Hamish Mac Tavish, _for whom his_
+strength and feats of prowess gained _him_ the title of Mac Tavish
+Mhor." This kind of style would scarcely be allowed to pass in
+Leadenhall-street. What is meant by _for whom_, with _his_ immediately
+following, and then _him_ a little after? Does not the author intend to
+say, that the strength, &c. of Mac Tavish gained him the title of Mac
+Tavish Mhor? If so, (and there can be no doubt of it from the context,)
+then he should have written the sentence thus: "_whose_ strength and
+feats of prowess had gained him the title of Mac Tavish Mhor."
+
+"He gained the road, mounted his pony, and rode upon his way," p. 183 of
+the same volume, is, in the latter part of it, another curious phrase.
+"He mounted his pony," says the author. May we not suppose he rode _upon
+it_ too? But he adds "_rode upon his way_."
+
+Again: "His reputed grandfather with his pockets stuffed out with Bank
+notes, would come to atone for his past cruelty, by _heaping his
+neglected grandchild_ with unexpected wealth," vol. 2., p. 87. We _heap
+up_ wealth, but not _persons with_ it, for that would hardly be kind. To
+_load one with_ wealth is a common expression.
+
+"Is it possible that _the bold adventurer can fix his thoughts on you_,
+and still be dejected _at the thoughts_ that a bonny blue-eyed lass
+looked favourably on a less-lucky fellow than himself?" vol. 2, p. 136.
+Such is the question put by Middlemas to his friend Hartley, when
+speaking together on the subject of the interesting Menic Grey, and his
+projected Indian trip. But how could he ask if the _bold adventurer
+fixed his thoughts on him_, when it was the person addressed who
+entertained the idea of becoming one? and how, if the _bold adventurer
+was dejected?_ when he had already distinguished him, taking the words
+in their proper application, as another individual in a general sense.
+It is altogether a singular specimen of abstruse phraseology. Then "_fix
+his thoughts_" "dejected at _the thoughts_." Fie upon it!
+
+"Hartley fell a victim to his professional courage, in _withstanding_
+the progress of a contagious distemper, which he at length caught, and
+under which he sank," vol. 2, p. 367. If he withstood the progress of
+the disease, how could he fall a victim to it? The author should have
+said, "in his _endeavours to withstand_" or "_arrest_ the progress of
+it."
+
+"So stood the feelings of the young man, when, one day after dinner, the
+doctor snuffing the candle, and taking from his pouch the great leathern
+pocketbook in which he deposited particular papers, with a small supply
+of the most necessary and active medicines, _he_ took from it Mr.
+Moncada's letters, and requested Richard Middlemas's serious attention,"
+vol. 2, p. 88 and 89. Who is _he_? _the doctor_? Is he not mentioned
+before? And there he is left to stand without his natural support, for
+_he_ has _taken_ it _from_ him. Does not the writer of this sentence
+recollect "My banks _they_ are furnished with bees." I could add another
+_take from_ to the page by way of note.
+
+_The following I leave without comment._
+
+"Judg_e_ment," vol. 1, p. 2; vol. 6, p. 6. and judgment, vol. 1, p. 85,
+_a_ heraldic shield, vol. 1, p. 68; desir_e_able, vol. 2, p. 39.
+
+As much iron as would have _builded_ a brig, vol. 1, page 68. A good
+tune is _grinded_, vol. 1, p. 143. Butler and Mercer had both _spoke_ to
+their disparagement, vol. 2, p. 289.
+
+Worthy Mr. Piper, best of contractors _who_ ever furnished four frampal
+jades, vol. 1, p. 45.
+
+With the next morning I _will_ still see the double summit of the
+ancient Dan, vol. 1, p. 229.
+
+And then I _will_ find it easier to have you prosecuted, vol. 2, p. 169.
+
+We _will_ be happy, if it is in our power, to repay a part of our
+obligations, vol. 2, p. 222.
+
+Thou art the fiend who _hast_ occasioned my wretchedness in this world,
+and who _will_ share my eternal misery in the next, vol. 2, p. 229.
+
+He found himself under the alternative of being with him on decent and
+distant terms, or of breaking off with him altogether. The first of
+these courses might perhaps have been the _wisest_, but the other was
+the _most_ congenial to the blunt and plain character of Hartley, vol.
+2, p. 256.
+
+He inquired _at_ their superior for Barak el Hadgi, vol. 2, p. 263.
+
+And inquiring _at_ those whom he considered the best newsmongers, vol.
+2, p. 276.
+
+He faltered out inquiries _at_ his niece, vol. 1, p. 20.
+
+Your father asked none save _at_ his courage and his sword, vol. 1, p.
+260.
+
+The concluding (_of_) a literary undertaking, vol. 2, p. 1.
+
+I would as soon dress a corpse, when the great fiend himself--God sain
+us--stood visibly before us, _than_ when Elspat of the Free is amongst
+us, vol. 1, p. 250. November 7, 1827. Oculus.[2]
+
+    [2] We are compelled to defer our Correspondent's Notes on his
+    second reading of Ivanhoe--Ed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LETTER
+
+
+_Written in the Condemned Cells, Newgate, by Captain Lee, the night
+previous to his execution, being convicted of forging a bill of exchange
+for 15l. on the Ordnance Office._
+
+_Newgate, March_ 3, 1784.
+
+My Dear Sir,--Before this reaches you, the head that dictates and the
+hand that traces these lines shall be no more. Earthly cares shall all
+be swallowed up, and the death of an unthinking man shall have atoned
+for the trespass he has committed against the laws of his country. But
+ere the curtain be for ever dropped, or remembrance leave this tortured
+breast, let me take this last and solemn leave of one with whom I have
+passed so many social and instructive hours, whose conversation I fondly
+cultivated, and whose friendship for me I hope will remain, even after
+the clay-cold hand of death has closed my eyes in everlasting darkness.
+
+I cannot think you will view this letter with stoic coolness, or with
+listless indifference. Absorbed as the generality of men are in the
+pursuits of pleasure or the avocations of business, there are times when
+the mind looks inward upon itself, when a review of past follies induces
+us to future amendment, and when a consciousness of having acted wrong
+leads us to resolutions of doing right. In one of those fortunate
+moments may you receive these last admonitions! Shun but the rock on
+which I have struck, and you will be sure to avoid the shipwreck I have
+suffered. Initiated in the army at an early period of life, I soon
+anticipated not only the follies, but even the vices of my companions.
+Before, however, I could share with undisturbed repose in the wickedness
+of others, it was necessary to remove from myself what the infidel terms
+the prejudices of a Christian education. In this I unfortunately
+succeeded; and conceiving from my tenderest years a taste for reading,
+my sentiments were confirmed, not by the flimsy effusions of empty
+libertines, but by the specious sophistry of modern philosophers. It
+must be owned that at first I was rather pleased with the elegance of
+their language than the force of their reasoning; as, however, we are
+apt to believe what we eagerly wish to be true, in a short time I soon
+became a professed deist. My favourite author was the late celebrated
+David Hume. I constantly urged his exemplary behaviour in private as a
+strong argument in favour of his doctrines, forgetting that his literary
+life was uniformly employed in diffusing his pernicious tenets, and his
+utmost endeavours were constantly exerted in extending the baneful
+influence of his philosophical principles. Happy for me had I always
+been actuated by the considerations which fill my bosom at this moment,
+and which I hope will animate me in that awful part to-morrow's sun
+shall see me perform. But the die is cast, and I leave to the world this
+mournful memento, "that however much a man may be favoured by personal
+qualifications, or distinguished by mental endowments, genius will be
+useless, and abilities avail but little, unless accompanied by a sense
+of religion, and attended by the practice of virtue; destitute of these,
+he will only be mounted on the wings of folly, that he may fall with
+greater force into the dark abyss of endless despair."
+
+On my returning to a belief of the truths of Christianity, I have been
+very much assisted by the pious exhortations of the ordinary, as well as
+by the book he has put into my hands; and I feel a comfort which I am
+unable to express by this his charitable and benevolent attention to me.
+I believe there is no passion more prevalent in the human breast than
+the wish that our memory should be held in remembrance. I shudder at the
+thought lest my name should be branded with infamy, when I lie
+mouldering in the dust, as I know well that the tongue of malice is ever
+loud against the failings of the unfortunate. When, however, my
+character is insulted, and my poor reputation attacked, extenuate, I
+beseech you, the enormity of my crime, by relating the hardships of my
+sufferings. Tell to the giddy and affluent, that, strangers to the
+severity of want, they know not the pain of withstanding the almost
+irresistible calls of nature. The poor will, I trust, commiserate my
+misfortunes, and shed a sympathetic tear at the mournful tale of my
+miserable fate. I can say no more. Heaven have mercy on us all!
+
+Adieu for ever. J. LEE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARTING FOR THE POLE.
+
+
+  _He._--Now weep not Poll because I go,
+    There's no need, I declare,
+  For when among the Esquimaux,
+    I've too much blubber there.
+
+  Women mis-doubt a sailor's word,
+    We don't deserve the wipe;
+  For when they pipe us all aboard,
+    Aboard we all do pipe.
+
+  We've rocks, when all our tears are past,
+    The sailor's heart to shock,
+
+  _She._.--Why yes, Jack--when you're on the mast,
+    You're sure to have a rock.
+
+  _He._--You'll find some fellow on dry ground,
+    You will prefer to me,
+  To him I see you will be bound,
+    While I'm bound to the sea.
+
+  But if I sail the world around,
+    I'll be a faithful rover,
+
+  _She._--Poh! you'll forget me I'll be bound
+    When you are half seas over.
+
+  _He._--And when alas, your Jack is gone,
+    You'll think of naught but jigging,
+  And you will sport your rigging on,
+    While Jack is on the rigging.
+
+  Where winter's ice around us grows,
+    And storms upon us roll,
+
+  _She._--Ah, that's the time I do suppose
+  They look out for the pole.
+
+  _He._--But if I should be sunk d'ye see,
+
+  _She._--Bring up a coral wreath,
+
+  _He._--Why if I were beneath the sea,
+    I could not see beneath.
+
+  _She._--Yet if you should be cast away,
+    Without a cloak, or victual,
+  Remember me, a little, pray,
+    You'd better pray a little.
+
+  But tho' you wish us now to splice,
+    Our hands--your love won't hold,
+  For when you get among the ice,
+    I'm sure you will grow cold.
+
+  I have your money--here's a kiss,
+    I will be true to you,
+  But one word more, "adieu" it is,
+    Cries Jack, it is a do.             MAY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BARDS, OR POETS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS.
+
+(_For the Mirror._)
+
+
+  Hail! to the Bards, who sweetly sung
+    The praises of dead peers
+  In lofty strains, thus to prolong
+    Their fame for many years.        LUCAN.
+
+This sect appears to have descended from _Bardus_, son of _Druis_, king
+of Britain; he was much esteemed by the people for inventing songs and
+music, in praise of meritorious actions; and established an order, in
+which such of the people were admitted as excelled in his art,
+distinguishing them by the name of _bards_, after his own name. Julius
+Caesar reports, that on his arrival he found some of them. Their
+business was to record the noble exploits of their warriors in songs and
+ditties, which they sung to their instruments at the solemn feasts of
+their chiefs; and in such high estimation were they held, that, when two
+armies were ready to engage, if a bard stept in between them, both sides
+delayed the attack till he was out of danger.
+
+As these bards were neither repugnant to the Roman authority nor the
+Christian religion, they alone, above all other sects, were suffered to
+continue long after the birth of Christ; and it is said that some of
+them are still to be found in the isle of Bardsey, (so named from them).
+_Wisbech_. T.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SCOTTISH PEASANT'S LAMENT.
+
+BY THE AUTHOR OF AHAB.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  Oh! had I my home by the side of the glen,
+  In a spot far remote from the dwellings of men,
+  Wi' my ain bonnie Jeannie to sit by my side,
+  I'd nae envy auld Reekie her splendor and pride.
+  The song of the mavis should wake me at morn,
+  And the grey breasted lintie reply from the thorn;
+  While the clear brook should run in the sun's yellow beam,
+  And my days glide as calmly along as its stream.
+
+  But here, in the city's dull streets, I must live,
+  Nae Jeannie her arms for my pillow to give;
+  Nae mavis, nae lintie, to sing from the tree,
+  Nae streamlet to murmur its music to me.
+  O better, by far, had I never been born,
+  Or my head laid in rest in the glen 'neath the thorn;
+  Since the songs of my birds I no longer can hear,
+  Nor in slumber recline by the side of my dear.
+
+  Now, all that makes life still endured, is the dream,
+  That comes o'er my soul, of the bird and the stream;
+  And the love of my Jean--when that vision shall close,
+  In the silence of death let my ashes repose.
+  Yet then, even then, my sad spirit will be,
+  By the side of the brook, 'neath the shade of the tree;
+  In the arms of my Jeannie, for ne'er can it stay,
+  From those who in life had endeared it away.
+
+_Nov_. 25. 1827. S.P.J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON A SQUINTING POETESS.
+
+
+  To no _one_ muse does she her glance confine,
+  But has an eye at once, to _all the nine!_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+MANNERS & CUSTOMS OF ALL NATIONS.
+
+No. XVI.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FISHING IN THE RIVER YEOU.
+
+
+[Illustration: Fisherman]
+
+The fishery of the Yeou, in Bornou, is a very considerable source of
+commerce to the inhabitants of its banks; and the manner of fishing (as
+represented in the above engraving) is ingenious though simple. The
+Bornouese make very good nets of a twine spun from a perennial plant
+called _kalimboa_: the implements for fishing are two large gourds
+nicely balanced, and fixed on a large stem of bamboo, at the extreme
+ends; the fisherman launches this on the river, and places himself
+astride between the two gourds, and thus he floats with the stream, and
+throws his net. He has also floats of cane, and weights, of small
+leathern bags of sand: he beats up against the stream, paddling with his
+hands and feet, previous to his drawing the net, which, as it rises from
+the water, he lays before him as he sits; and with a sort of mace, which
+he carries for the purpose, the fish are stunned by a single blow. His
+drag, finished, the fish are taken out, and thrown into the gourds,
+which are open at the top, to receive the produce of his labour. These
+wells being filled, he steers for the shore, unloads, and again returns
+to the sport.--_Denhani's Travels in Africa._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARABIAN HORSES.
+
+
+_Sir John Malcolm_, in his Sketches of Persia, gives the following
+interesting anecdotes of these noble creatures:--
+
+Hyder, the elchee's master of the chase, was the person who imparted
+knowledge to me on all subjects relating to Arabian horses. He would
+descant by the hour on the qualities of a colt that was yet untried, but
+which, he concluded, must possess all the perfections of its sire and
+dam, with whose histories, and that of their progenitors, he was well
+acquainted. Hyder had shares in five or six famous brood mares; and he
+told me a mare was sometimes divided amongst ten or twelve Arabs, which
+accounted for the groups of half-naked fellows whom I saw watching, with
+anxiety, the progress made by their managing partner in a bargain for
+one of the produce. They often displayed, on these occasions, no small
+violence of temper; and I have more than once observed a party leading
+off their ragged colt in a perfect fury, at the blood of Daghee or
+Shumehtee, or some renowned sire or grandsire, being depreciated by an
+inadequate offer, from an ignorant Indian or European.
+
+The Arabs place still more value on their mares than on their horses;
+but even the latter are sometimes esteemed beyond all price. When the
+envoy, returning from his former mission, was encamped near Bagdad, an
+Arab rode a bright bay horse of extraordinary shape and beauty, before
+his tent, till he attracted his notice. On being asked if he would sell
+him--"What will you give me?" said he. "It depends upon his age; I
+suppose he is past five?" "Guess again," was the reply. "Four." "Look at
+his mouth," said the Arab, with a smile. On examination he was found
+rising three; this, from his size and perfect symmetry, greatly enhanced
+his value. The envoy said, "I will give you fifty tomans[3]." "A little
+more, if you please," said the fellow, apparently entertained.
+"Eighty!--a hundred!" He shook his head, and smiled. The offer came at
+last to two hundred tomans! "Well," said the Arab, seemingly quite
+satisfied, "you need not tempt me any farther--it is of no use; you are
+a fine elchee; you have fine horses, camels, and mules, and I am told
+you have loads of silver and gold: now," added he, "you want my colt,
+but you shall not have him for all you have got." So saying, he rode off
+to the desert, whence he had come, and where he, no doubt, amused his
+brethren with an account of what had passed between him and the European
+envoy.
+
+    [3] A toman is a nominal coin nearly the value of a pound
+    sterling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PARIS.
+
+
+Paris is, as it were, abandoned to foreign travellers in September and
+October. It is not till the first symptoms of cold are felt somewhat
+severely, that life in the capital is resumed in all its tumult. The
+Paris season is the reverse of that of London. It commences at the end
+of November, and closes at the beginning of May. The period of your
+hunting is that of our drawing-room parties. Previous to November, Paris
+may be compared to a vast lazaretto, where the valetudinarians of every
+country take refuge.--_Monthly Magazine_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUSICIAN OF MANDARA.
+
+
+[Illustration: Musician blowing a long pipe]
+
+The above engraving represents one of the musicians of the Sultan of
+Mandara; blowing a long pipe not unlike a clarionet, ornamented with
+shells. These artists, with two immense trumpets from twelve to fourteen
+feet long, borne by men on horseback, made of pieces of hollow wood with
+a brass mouth-piece, usually precede the sovereign on any important
+visit. The costume and attitude of the musician are highly
+characteristic of savage mirth.
+
+The chiefs in this part of Africa are also attended by a _band_ carrying
+drums, and singing extempore songs, a translation of one of which is
+subjoined from "Denham's Travels," whence the engraving is copied.
+
+  Christian man he come,
+    Friend of us and Sheikhobe;
+  White man, when he hear my song,
+    Fine new tobe give me.
+
+  Christian man all white,
+    And dollars white have he;
+  Kanourie, like him, come,
+    Black man's friend to be.
+
+  From Felatah, how he run;
+    Barca Gana shake his spear:
+  White man carry two-mouthed gun;
+    That's what make Felatah fear.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HUNTING IN PERSIA.
+
+
+In Persia, persons of the highest rank lead their own greyhounds in a
+long silken leash, which passes through the collar, and is ready to slip
+the moment the huntsman chooses. The well-trained dog goes alongside the
+horse, and keeps clear of him when at full speed, and in all kinds of
+country. When a herd of antelopes is seen, a consultation is held, and
+the most experienced determine the point towards which they are to be
+driven. The field (as an English sportsman would term it) then disperse,
+and while some drive the herd in the desired direction, those with the
+dogs take their post on the same line, at the distance of about a mile
+from each other; one of the worst dogs is then slipped at the herd, and
+from the moment he singles out an antelope the whole body are in motion.
+The object of the horsemen who have greyhounds is to intercept its
+course, and to slip fresh dogs, in succession, at the fatigued animal.
+In rare instances the second dog kills. It is generally the third or
+fourth; and even these, when the deer is strong, and the ground
+favourable, often fail. This sport, which is very exhilarating, was the
+delight of the late King of Persia, Aga Mahomed Khan, whose taste is
+inherited by the present sovereign.--_Sketches of Persia_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIOUS WATCHMEN IN NORWAY.
+
+
+In Drontheim, the ancient capital of Norway, it appears, that the
+guardians of the night not only _watch_, but _pray_ for the souls of the
+inhabitants. Mr. Brooke, in his recent travels, says, "as each hour
+elapses, they are prepared with a different kind of exhortation or
+prayer; which, forming a sort of tune or chant, is sung by them during
+the drear hours of the night." Of one of these pious songs, he gives the
+following literal translation:
+
+  "Ho! the Watchman, ho!
+  The clock has struck ten,
+  Praised be God, our Lord!
+  Now it is time to go to bed.
+  The housewife and her maid,
+  The master as well as his lad.
+  The wind is south-east.
+  Hallelujah! praised be God, our Lord!"
+
+"The _voekter_, or watchman, is armed with an instrument as remarkable
+as his cry, being nothing less than a long pole, at the end of which is
+a ball, well fortified with iron spikes. This weapon is called _morgen
+stierne_, or the morning star. At Drontheim, however, bands of
+pick-pockets and thieves are unknown, and the morning star does little
+more than grace the hand of the Norwegian watchman."
+
+As the axe of reform is just laid to the watching system of London, we
+may profit by the example of our Northern brethren; for it appears, they
+not only watch over the temporal, but spiritual concerns of their
+citizens, and it should seem, with salutary effect: but the _vespers_
+and _matins_, of a watchman in England, would meet with many unholy
+interruptions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LONDON CLUB-HOUSES.
+
+
+Club-houses are by no means a new invention; and yet the improvements
+upon the old plan, which was itself an improvement upon the former
+coffee-house, is sufficiently interesting, and sufficiently unknown to
+the people in general, to render some account of their advantages not
+superfluous. The modern club is a tavern and newsroom, where the members
+are both guests and landlord. The capital is derived from a sum paid by
+each member on entrance, and the general annual expenses, such as
+house-rent, servants, &c. are defrayed by an annual subscription. The
+society elects a committee for its execution and government, and meets
+at stated intervals for legislative measures. The committee appoint a
+steward to manage its affairs, and a secretary to keep the accounts, to
+take minutes of the proceedings of meetings, and transact the business
+of correspondence. The domestic servants are placed under the immediate
+direction of the steward; but above all in the choice of a cook, the
+discretion of the committee is most especially exerted. A house being
+thus established where the society is at home, the rooms are thrown open
+for their various accommodation. In the apartments destined for eating,
+members may breakfast, lunch, dine, and sup, as they list; a bill of
+fare of great variety is prepared; and the gourmand has nothing more to
+do than to study its contents, and write the names of the dishes he
+desires on a bill prepared for the purpose; to mention whether he orders
+dinner for himself alone, or in company with others; and at what time he
+chooses to dine, whether immediately, or at some subsequent hour. At the
+close of his dinner this bill or demand is presented to him with the
+prices annexed, and prompt payment is the law.
+
+Wine is bottled in quarts, pints, and even half-pints, and may be had at
+some institutions even in glasses: it is not needless to observe,
+moreover, that there is no necessity either of fashion or regulation to
+drink it at all. At an inn, a bottle of wine must be ordered for the
+"good of the house," that the waiter may not despise you and be surly:
+that, in short, the guest may be tolerably accommodated in other
+matters; although, perhaps, the wine itself (wretched stuff generally at
+inns) is his abhorrence--though he may never drink any thing but water,
+and may send the decanter away untouched--the tax must be paid. Besides
+this entertainment for the grosser senses, the more refined appetites
+are considered. In some clubs, the "Travellers" for instance, a library
+is provided; and at most of them, even the most unintellectual, a
+library of reference is supplied. Here all the periodicals of the day
+are laid upon the tables--both those of Great Britain and of the
+continent, together with the newspapers, metropolitan and provincial,
+and in some instances the political journals of Paris. This part of the
+house may be considered the general resort of the gossippers and
+quidnuncs; and here, or in other more commodious places, materials for
+writing, paper, pens, lights, &c. are found. Drawing-rooms, one or more,
+are next to be mentioned--here the members take their tea or their ease;
+and where cards are played, this is the scene of operation. A
+billiard-room is an agreeable addition to the accommodation of the
+society's house, and several of the inferior apartments are always
+devoted to serve as dressing-rooms. It is clear, that a bachelor wants
+nothing beyond this but a bed; if he chooses to live in this sort of
+public privacy he may; and should he be only a sojourner in town, the
+convenience of a resort of this kind wherein he may make his
+appointments, receive and write his letters, see society, take his
+dinner, spend his evening, if not otherwise engaged, over the books, the
+newspapers, or a rubber of whist, and do all but sleep--a bed in the
+neighbourhood may supply the article of repose.--Thus all physical
+wants, and many social ones, are abundantly, and even luxuriously
+supplied.--_London Magazine_.
+
+[While upon "clubs," we may as well advert to the prospectus of "_The
+Literary Club_," which has reached us since our last. It professes to be
+"associated for the _assistance_ of men of letters, the development of
+talent, and the furtherance of the interests of literature." It not only
+aims at _charitable_ provision for the weaknesses and infirmities of
+nature, but anticipates "harmony and friendship" among literary men, and
+"as little as possible on any system of exclusion." This is as it should
+be; but we fear the workings and conflicts of passion and interest are
+still too strong to admit of such harmony among the sons of genius.
+Authorship is becoming, if not already become, too much of a trade or
+craft to admit of such a pacificatory scheme: but the object of the
+association is one of the highest importance to literature, and we
+heartily wish it success.--ED. MIRROR.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ENGLISH AND FRENCH.
+
+
+Why are the English so fond of clubs, corporate bodies, joint-stock
+companies, and large associations of all kinds?--Because they are the
+most unsociable set of people in the world; for being mostly at variance
+with each other, they are glad to get any one else to join and be on
+their side; having no spontaneous attraction, they are forced to fasten
+themselves into the machine of society; and each holds out in his
+individual shyness and reserve, till he is carried away by the crowd,
+and borne with a violent, but welcome, shock against some other mass of
+aggregate prejudice or self-interest. The English join together to get
+rid of their sharp points and sense of uncomfortable peculiarity. Hence
+their clubs, their mobs, their sects, their parties, their spirit of
+co-operation, and previous understanding in every thing. An English mob
+is a collection of violent and headstrong humours, acting with double
+force from each man's natural self-will, and the sense of opposition to
+others; and the same may be said of the nation at large. The French
+unite and separate more easily; and therefore do not collect into such
+formidable masses, and act with such unity and tenacity of purpose. It
+is the same with their ideas, which easily join together, and easily
+part company, but do not form large or striking masses; and hence the
+French are full of wit and fancy, but without imagination or principle.
+The French are governed by fashion, the English by cabal. _London Weekly
+Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PROTESTANT BURIAL-GROUND AT ROME.
+
+
+The Cemeterio degli Inglesi, or the Protestant burial-ground, stretches
+calmly and beautifully below the Pyramid of Cestius. The site was
+admirably chosen,--nothing can be more poetically and religiously
+sepulchral than this most attractive spot. It is worth a thousand
+churches. No one can stand long there without feeling in full descent
+upon his spirit the very best influences of the grave. The rich, red,
+ruinous battlements of the city, broken only by the calm and solid unity
+of the Pyramid; the clustering foliage beginning to brown on the ancient
+towers of the entrance; the deep, still, blue sky; the fluttering leaves
+of the vines which floated around, as one by one they dropped from the
+branches; the freshness of the green mounds at my feet,--these and a
+thousand other features, fully felt at the time, but untranslateable to
+writing, conveyed precisely that philosophy of Death which the poet and
+sculptor have more than once attempted to breathe over their most
+enchanting works, and which here seems an emanation from every object
+which you feel or see. I would place in this spot their Genius of
+Repose, that beautiful statue which joins its hands indolently on its
+head, and casts its melancholy eyes for ever towards the earth; that
+statue, so beautiful that it has been often confounded with the Grecian
+Eros, or the Celestial Love, and is, in itself, the best type of the
+messenger who is one day to lead us gently from the heat and toils of
+this world, into the coolness and tranquillity of the next. Every thing
+here is in unison with these thoughts. At a few paces distant from the
+Pyramid, and adjoining the wall, the Cippi and funeral Soroi of the
+Strangers are to be seen. The bright verdure and the bright marbles, the
+classical purity of the monuments, the desert air, the austere solemnity
+of every thing about me, came with new force upon my imagination. I
+walked slowly amongst the tombs, and tried to decipher the inscriptions.
+The dead are of various nations,--English, American, but principally
+German. Sometimes a cluster of cypresses shadowed the tomb--sometimes a
+fair flowering shrub had twined around it. The epitaphs were written
+with elegance always; at times with the deepest tenderness and beauty.
+Each had his short history, each his melancholy interest and adventure.
+Here was the man of science and literature, who came to lay down his
+head, after a painful and varied pilgrimage, in this City of the Soul. A
+Humboldt was buried here; a Thorwalsden yet may. Here reposes clay too
+finely tempered for the unkindnesses of mankind--Keats lies near;--a
+little farther is one who, on the point of quitting Rome to rejoin an
+affectionate family after a too long absence, full of the anticipations
+of the traveller and of youth, is thrown from his carriage at a mile's
+distance from the city, and never quits Rome more;--beside him is an
+only child, whom the sun of Italy could not save;--and next, one who
+perished suddenly, like Miss Bathurst, in the very bud and bloom of
+existence,--or another, who died away, day after day, in the embraces of
+her parents, and now rests in the midst of the beautiful in vain. The
+graceful lines of Petrarch are inscribed on the sarcophagus--they are
+full of feeling and the country, and make one pause and dream:--
+
+  "Non come fiamma, che per forza e spenta,
+  Ma che per se medesma si consuma,
+  Se n'ando in pace, l'anima contenta."
+
+No epitaph could be better. _New Monthly Magazine._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+QUACKS
+
+
+Have nearly the same interest as knaves in concealing their ignorance
+and frauds, and for the most part regard with the same fear and
+detestation the instrument which unmasks their pretensions. This must be
+understood with some qualification, because the exposure of ignorance
+and fraud is not always sufficient to open the eyes, and enlighten the
+understandings, of mankind. Some perverse dupes are not to be reasoned
+out of their infatuation; they had rather hug the impostor, than confess
+the cheat; and quacks, speculating upon this infirmity of human nature,
+will sometimes court even an infamous notoriety.--_Lancet._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ANECDOTES OF THE MARVELLOUS.
+
+
+_Charming away the Hooping Cough._
+
+An English lady, the wife of an officer, accompanied her husband to
+Dublin not very long ago, when his regiment was ordered to that station.
+She engaged an Irish girl as nurse-maid in her family; and, a short time
+after her arrival, was astonished by an urgent request from this damsel,
+to permit her to _charm_ little miss from _ever_ having the
+hooping-cough, (then prevailing in Dublin). The lady inquired how this
+_charming_ business was performed; and not long after had, in walking
+through the streets, many times the pleasure of witnessing the process,
+which is simply this:--An ass is brought before the door of a house,
+into whose mouth a piece of bread is introduced; and the child being
+passed three times over and under the animal's body, the charm is
+completed; and of its efficacy in preventing the spread of a very
+distressing, and sometimes fatal disorder, the lower class of Irish are
+_certain_.
+
+_The Legend of Hell Mary Hill._
+
+Not many miles from Sheffield, as I was told by one who resided near the
+place, there is a forest; and in an out-of-the-way part of it, a hill,
+tolerably high, covered with wood, and vulgarly called Hell Mary Hill,
+though probably this is a name corrupted from one more innocent or holy.
+Near the top of it is a cave, containing, it is _said_, a chest of
+money,--a great iron chest, _so_ full, that when the sun shines bright
+upon it, the gold can be seen through the key-hole; but it has never yet
+been stolen, because, in the first place, a huge black cat (and wherever
+a black cat is there is mischief, you may be sure) guards the treasure,
+which bristles up, and, fixing a _gashful_ gaze on the would-be
+marauder, with fiery eyes, seems ready to devour him if he approach
+within a dozen yards of the cave; and, secondly, whenever this creature
+is off guard, (and it has occasionally been seen in a neighbouring
+village,) and the treasure has been attempted to be withdrawn from its
+tomb, no mortal rope has been able to sustain its weight, each that has
+been tried invariably breaking when the coffer was at the very mouth of
+the cave; which, being endowed with the gift of locomotion, has
+immediately retrograded into its pristine situation! I have mentioned
+this tradition, as it was told to me, because it is so curiously
+coincident with the German superstition of treasure buried within the
+Hartz mountains, guarded, and ever disappointing the cupidity of those
+who would discover and possess themselves of it.
+
+
+_Fairy Loaves._
+
+Being lately in Norfolk, I discovered that the rustics belonging to the
+part of it in which I was staying, particularly regarded a kind of
+fossil-stone, which much resembled a sea-egg petrified, and was found
+frequently in the flinty gravel of that county. They esteemed such
+stones sacred to the elfin train, and termed them fairy loaves,
+forbearing to touch them, lest misfortunes should come upon them for the
+sacrilege. An old woman told me, that as she was trudging home one night
+from her field-work, she took up one of these fossils, and was going to
+carry it home with her; but was soon obliged to drop it, and take to her
+heels as quick as might be, from hearing a wrathful voice exclaim,
+though she saw nobody, "Give me my loaf! Give me back my loaf, I
+say!"--_New London Literary Gazette_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS
+
+
+HOGARTH'S MARRIAGE-A-LA-MODE.
+
+
+Hogarth's admirable series of pictures, entitled _Marriage-a-la-mode_,
+were at first slightly treated by the public, at which the artist was
+greatly incensed. Being in want of money, he was at length obliged to
+dispose of them to Mr. Lane, of Hillington, for one hundred and twenty
+guineas. The pictures being in good frames, which cost Hogarth four
+guineas a piece, his remuneration for painting this valuable series was
+but a few shillings more than one hundred pounds. On the demise of Mr.
+Lane, they became the property of his nephew, Colonel Cawthorn, who very
+highly valued them. In the year 1797 they were sold by auction, at
+Christie's, Pall Mall, for the sum of one thousand guineas; the liberal
+purchaser being the late Mr. Angerstein. They now belong to government,
+and are the most attractive objects in the National Gallery.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HAMPTON COURT PALACE.
+
+
+The gardens and park, which are three miles in circumference, appear to
+me to be above all competition. As you enter, you are struck with the
+majestic beauty of the trees, and the fine gravel walks. As you advance,
+the fountains and statues demand your admiration; particularly the
+famous _Gladiator_, which was brought from Rome. While in the gardens,
+the statues of Flora, Ceres, Pomona, and Diana, placed on the west front
+of the building, are seen to much advantage.
+
+The magnificent palace was originally built by Cardinal Wolsey, and
+consists of three principal quadrangles. Here Cromwell resided, and it
+was the favourite residence of William and Mary. It is chiefly built of
+brick, and is very capacious, more so than any other royal palace in the
+British empire. Arriving at the great entrance, you almost seem as if
+you were about to enter a fairy castle. The floor of the hall is laid
+out in beautiful square slabs of marble, and a staircase of the same
+material leads you to the upper apartments, which contain pictures and
+numerous curiosities.
+
+Among the fine paintings, I shall notice a few, which appear to me as
+being perfect master-pieces. But I must first take the liberty of saying
+a word or two about the _gentleman_ who conducts you through the rooms
+to _explain_ the several pictures. When I had the pleasure of being with
+him, his hair was powdered, and he carried a silver-headed cane. He
+hurried me through the rooms, filling my ears with such gibberish as
+this:--"That ere picture, sir, up there, was painted, five hundred years
+ago, for William the Conqueror, by Wandyke."[4] This is no mean blunder
+in chronology!
+
+    [4] Sir Antony Vandyke, who died about the year 1640.
+
+There is a fine portrait of _William the Third on horseback_, of the
+size of life, by Sir Godfrey Kneller; the horse is painted in a side
+view, and has a good effect. There are eight fine female portraits of
+distinguished personages, by the same hand, in the highest state of
+preservation.
+
+_Bandinella, the Sculptor_, by Corregio, is a most beautiful portrait.
+The face of the sculptor is full of vivid expression, and the gold chain
+about his neck is almost a deception. This painting, and a _Holy
+Family_, are all we find of the great Corregio at Hampton Court.
+
+_Charles the First_, on horseback, by Sir A. Vandyke, is certainly much
+superior to the portrait of William, mentioned above. As a painter, Sir
+Godfrey cannot be ranked with Vandyke, though, I believe, the former
+considered himself much higher in the arts than the latter. The picture
+before us is an admirable specimen of Vandyke's powers.
+
+_George the Third_, likewise on horseback, reviewing his troops on
+Hounslow Heath, by Sir William Beechey, R.A. This picture is
+unquestionably one of Sir William's best productions, and does honour to
+the fine arts of this country. With the above portraits, there are
+others by West, &c., which possess considerable merit.
+
+There are, also, several choice specimens of Titian, Holbein, and
+Domenichino; with a few cabinet pictures in the Dutch school, by
+Teniers, Ostade, &c. In this palace are Raphael's celebrated cartoons,
+which are too _well_ known to need describing in this place. G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR; AND LITERARY NOTICES OF NEW WORKS.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A BALLAD SINGER.
+
+
+_A Ballad-Singer_ is a town-crier for the advertising of lost tunes.
+Hunger hath made him a wind-instrument; his want is vocal, and not he.
+His voice had gone a-begging before he took it up, and applied it to the
+same trade; it was too strong to hawk mackerel, but was just soft enough
+for "Robin Adair." His business is to make popular songs unpopular,--he
+gives the air, like a weather-cock, with many variations. As for a key,
+he has but one--a latch-key--for all manner of tunes; and as they are to
+pass current amongst the lower sorts of people, he makes his notes like
+a country banker's, as thick as he can. His tones have a copper sound,
+for he sounds for copper; and for the musical divisions he hath no
+regard, but sings on, like a kettle, without taking any heed of the
+bars. Before beginning he clears his pipe with gin; and is always hoarse
+from the thorough draft in his throat. He hath but one shake, and that
+is in winter. His voice sounds flat, from flatulence; and he fetches
+breath, like a drowning kitten, whenever he can. Notwithstanding all
+this, his music gains ground, for it walks with him from end to end of
+the street. He is your only performer that requires not many entreaties
+for a song; for he will chant, without asking, to a street cur, or a
+parish post. His only backwardness is to a stave after dinner, seeing
+that he never dines; for he sings for bread, and though corn has ears,
+sings very commonly in vain. As for his country, he is an Englishman,
+that by his birthright may sing whether he can or not. To conclude, he
+is reckoned passable in the city, but is not so good off the
+stones.--_Whims and Oddities. Second series._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOYAGE UP THE MISSISSIPPI.
+
+
+On leaving New Orleans, in ascending the river, the country, still the
+same continuous flat, is enriched and enlivened by a succession of
+pretty houses and plantations, with each a small negro town near them,
+as well as the sugar-houses, gardens, and summer-houses, which give the
+idea of wealth and industry. For sixty miles the banks present the
+appearance of one continued village skirted with plantations of cotton,
+sugar-cane, and rice, for about two miles from the river, bounded in the
+rear, by the uncultivated swamps and woods. The boat proceeds
+continually near the shore on one side or the other, and attracts the
+inhabitants to the front of their neat houses, placed amidst orange
+groves, and shaded with vines and beautiful evergreens. I was surprised
+to see the swarms of children of all colours that issued from these
+abodes. In infancy, the progeny of the slave, and that of his master,
+seem to know no distinction; they mix in their sports, and appear as
+fond of each other as the brothers and sisters of one family; but in
+activity, life, joy, and animal spirits, the little negro, unconscious
+of his future situation seems to me to enjoy more pleasure in this
+period of existence, than his pale companions. The sultry climate of
+Louisiana, perhaps, is more congenial to the African constitution, than
+to that of the European.
+
+The next morning we arrived at Baton Rouge, 127 miles on our journey; a
+pretty little town, on the east side, and the first rising ground we had
+seen, being delightfully situated on a gradual acclivity, from which is
+a fine view of the surrounding flats. The fine barracks close to it,
+contain a few companies of troops. We here stopped to take in some
+ladies, who continued with us till the end of the voyage. To this place
+the levee, or artificial banks, are continued on both sides of the river
+from New Orleans, without which the land would be continually
+overflowed. From this to Natches (232 miles,) the country is not
+interesting, consisting principally of dense forest and wilderness,
+impenetrable to the eye, diversified, however, by the various water fowl
+which the passing vessels disturb, in their otherwise solitary haunts,
+and by the number of black and grey squirrels leaping from branch to
+branch in the trees. The great blue kingfisher, which is common here, is
+so tame, as scarcely to move, as the boat passes, and we frequently saw,
+and passed close to large alligators, which generally appeared to be
+asleep, stretched on the half-floating logs. Several were fired at from
+the vessel, but none procured. One pair that I saw together, must have
+been each upwards of twelve feet long.
+
+Natches is a pleasantly situated town, or rather a steep hill, about
+half a mile from the landing place, where are many stores and public
+houses. The boat remained here an hour, and we ascended to the upper
+town, a considerable place, with a town-house, and several good streets
+and well-furnished shops, in which we purchased some books. This place
+exports much cotton, and the planters are said to be rich. It commands a
+fine prospect over the river and surrounding country. It has been tried
+as a summer residence by some of the inhabitants of New Orleans, but the
+scourges of this part of America (fever and ague) extend their ravages
+for more than 1000 miles higher up. A partial elevation of ground, in an
+unhealthy district, has been proved to be more pernicious, than even the
+level itself. From hence, to the junction of the Ohio, there is little
+to interest the stranger, excepting the diversity of wood and water. The
+ground rises in some places, though with little variety, till you pass
+the junction of the Ohio, 1253 miles from the sea. Shortly after
+entering the Ohio, the country begins to improve; you perceive the
+ground beginning to rise in the distance, and the bank occasionally to
+rear into small hills, which show their strata of stone, and rise into
+bluffs, projecting into the bends of the river, shutting it in, so as to
+produce the effect of sailing on a succession of the finest lakes,
+through magnificent woods, which momentarily changed their form, from
+the rapid motion of our boat. It was now full moon, and these scenes
+viewed during the clear nights, were indescribably beautiful.--
+_Bullock's Journey to New York_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IRISH TWINS.
+
+
+The Miss Mac Taafs were both on the ground, and both standing enough in
+profile, to give Lord Arranmore a full and perfect view of their figure,
+without being seen by them. His first opinion was, that they were
+utterly unchanged; and that like the dried specimens of natural history,
+they had bidden defiance to time. Tall, stately, and erect, their
+weather-beaten countenance and strongly marked features were neither
+faded nor fallen in. The deep red hue of a frosty and vigorous senility
+still coloured their unwrinkled faces. Their hair, well powdered and
+pomatumed, was drawn up by the roots from their high foreheads, over
+their lofty "systems;" and their long, lank necks rose like towers above
+their projecting busts; which, with their straight, sticky, tight-laced
+waists, terminating in the artificial rotundity of a half-dress
+bell-hoop, gave them the proportions of an hour-glass. They wore grey
+camlet riding habits, with large black Birmingham buttons (to mark the
+slight mourning for their deceased brother-in-law): while petticoats,
+fastened as pins did or did not their office, shewed more of the quilted
+marseilles and stuff beneath, than the precision of the toilet required:
+both of which, from their contact with the water of the bog, merited the
+epithet of "Slappersallagh," bestowed on their wearers by Terence
+O'Brien. Their habit-shirts, chitterlings, and cravats, though trimmed
+with Trawlee lace, seemed by their colour to evince that yellow starch,
+put out of fashion by the ruff of the murderous Mrs. Turner in England,
+was still to be had in Ireland. Their large, broad silver watches,
+pendant from their girdle by massy steel chains, showed that their
+owners took as little account of time as time had taken of them. "Worn
+for show, not use," they were still without those hands, which it had
+been in the contemplation of the Miss Mac Taafs to have replaced by the
+first opportunity, for the last five years. High-crowned black-beaver
+hats, with two stiff, upright, black feathers, that seemed to bridle
+like their wearers, and a large buckle and band, completed the costume
+of these venerable specimens of human architecture: the _tout ensemble_
+recalling to the nephew the very figures and dresses which had struck
+him with admiration and awe when first brought in from the Isles of
+Arran by his foster mother, to pay his duty to his aunts, and ask their
+blessing, eighteen years before. The Miss Mac Taafs, in their
+sixty-first year, (for they were twins,) might have sunk with safety ten
+or twelve years of their age. Their minds and persons were composed of
+that fibre which constitutes nature's veriest huckaback. Impressions
+fell lightly on both; and years and feelings alike left them unworn and
+uninjured.--_The O'Briens, and the O'Flahertys, by Lady Morgan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AUTUMN.
+
+BY JOHN CLARE.
+
+
+  Me it delights, in mellow Autumn tide,
+    To mark the pleasaunce that mine eye surrounds:
+  The forest-trees like coloured posies pied:
+    The upland's mealy grey, and russet grounds;
+  Seeking for joy, where joyaunce most abounds;
+    Not found, I ween, in courts and halls of pride,
+  Where folly feeds, or flattery's sighs and sounds,
+    And with sick heart, but seemeth to be merry:
+  True pleasaunce is with humble food supplied;
+    Like shepherd swain, who plucks the brambleberry.
+  With savoury appetite, from hedge-row briars,
+    Then drops content on molehills' sunny side;
+  Proving, thereby, low joys and small desires
+    Are easiest fed, and soonest satisfied.
+                              _The Amulet._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+    "I am but a _Gatherer_ and disposer of other men's
+    stuff,"--_Wotton_.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HOLY WATER.
+
+
+A friend of mine (says Mr. Lambert, in his Travels,) was once present at
+the house of a French lady in Canada, when a violent thunder storm
+commenced. The shutters were immediately closed, and the room darkened.
+The lady of the house, not willing to leave the safety of herself and
+company to chance, began to search her closets for the bottle of holy
+water, which, by a sudden flash of lightning, she fortunately found. The
+bottle was uncorked, and its contents immediately sprinkled over the
+ladies and gentlemen. It was a most dreadful storm, and lasted a
+considerable time; she therefore redoubled her sprinklings and
+benedictions at every clap of thunder or flash of lightning. At length
+the storm abated, and the party were providentially saved from its
+effects; which the good lady attributed solely to the precious water.
+But when the shutters were opened, and the light admitted, the company
+found, to the destruction of their white gowns and muslin handkerchiefs;
+their coats, waistcoats, and breeches, that instead of holy water, the
+pious lady had sprinkled them with _ink_. W.P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+QUID PRO QUO.
+
+
+Louis XVIII. asked the Duke of Wellington familiarly, how old he was;
+the latter replied, "Sire, I was born in the year 1768." "And so was
+Buonaparte," rejoined the king; "Providence owed us this compensation."
+C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NAUTICAL EPITAPHS.
+
+
+In the west part of Fife, in the churchyard of the village of Torryburn,
+part of an epitaph remains, which deserves notice. A part was very
+absurdly erased by the owner of the burying ground, to make way for the
+names of some of his kindred. The whole epitaph formerly stood thus:
+
+  At anchor now, in Death's dark road,
+    Rides honest Captain Hill,
+  Who served his king, and feared his God,
+    With upright heart and will:
+  In social life, sincere and just,
+    To vice of no kind given;
+  So that his better part, we trust,
+     Hath made the Port of Heaven.
+
+Another, in the parish of Duffus (Morayshire), runs thus:
+
+  Though Eolus' blasts and Neptune's waves have toss'd me to and
+    fro,
+  Yet now, at last, by Heaven's decree, I harbour here below;
+  Where at anchor I do lie, with others of our fleet,
+  Till the last trump do raise us up our Admiral Christ to meet.
+                                                 CHARLES STUART.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ON A DRUNKEN COBBLER.
+
+
+  Enclosed within this narrow stall,
+  Lies one who was a friend to _awl_;
+  He saved bad _souls_ from getting worse,
+  But d----n'd his own without remorse;
+  And tho' a drunken life he pass'd,
+  Yet say'd _his soul_, by _mending at the last!_ E.L.I.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WATER GRUEL.
+
+
+In an old paper, dated Friday, 13th Aug. 1695, is the following curious
+advertisement:--
+
+"At the marine coffee-house, in Birchin-lane, is water-gruel to be sold
+every morning from six till eleven of the clock. 'Tis not yet thoroughly
+known; but there comes such company as drinks usually four or five
+gallons in a morning." G.S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A clergyman being on the road to his country living, (to which he pays
+an annual visit,) was stopped by a friend, who asked him where he could
+be going so far from town,--"Like other people," replied he, "to my
+parish." C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE LETTER C.
+
+
+Curious coincidences respecting the letter C, as connected with the
+lamented Princess Charlotte.
+
+Her mother's name was Caroline, her own name was Charlotte; that of her
+consort Coburg; she was married at Carlton house; her town residence was
+at Camelford house, the late owner of which Lord Camelford, was untimely
+killed in a duel; her country residence, Claremont, not long ago the
+property of Lord Clive, who ended his days by suicide; she died in
+Childbed, the name of her accoucheur being Croft. C.F.E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GIVING AND TAKING.
+
+(_From the French_.)
+
+
+  "I never give a kiss (says Prue)
+    To naughty man, for I abhor it."
+  She will not _give_ a kiss, 'tis true;
+     She'll _take_ one though, and thank you for it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY.
+
+
+This amiable man told me that his affecting song, "When my money was
+gone," &c. was suggested by the real story of a sailor, who came to beg
+money while Carey was breakfasting, with an open window, at the
+beautiful inn at Stoney Cross, in the New Forest.
+
+He also declared that his father, Henry Carey, wrote the song of "God
+save the King," in the house in Hatton-Garden, which has a stone
+bracket, a few doors from the Police-office.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[In No. 282 of The MIRROR, we omitted our acknowledgment to a
+well-executed illustrative work (now in course of publication), intitled
+"London in the Nineteenth Century," of which our artist availed himself
+for his View of _Hanover Terrace_, Regent's Park. The drawing in the
+above work is by Mr. T.H. Shepherd; and the literary department (of
+which we did not avail ourselves) is by Mr. Elmes, author of "the Life
+of Sir Christopher Wren."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_LIMBIRD'S EDITIONS_.
+
+Now publishing in numbers, price 3d. each, Embellished with Engravings
+on Steel, The BEAUTIES of SCOTT, forming the second of a Series of
+
+_ELEGANT EXTRACTS_.
+
+VOL. I. comprises The BEAUTIES of BYRON, embellished with Four
+Engravings, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound, 4s. 6d.
+
+VOL. II. comprises The BEAUTIES of WAVERLEY, GUY MANNERING, and IVANHOE,
+embellished with Engravings on Steel, price 3s. 6d. in boards, or
+half-bound, 4s. 6d.
+
+"The BEAUTIES are selected with great skill, and a nice perception of
+the excellencies of the author, and altogether compose a most attractive
+volume."--_Weekly Times_.
+
+The ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, Embellished with nearly 150
+Engravings. Price 6s. 6d. in boards, half-bound, 8s.
+
+The TALES of the GENII. Price 2s.
+
+COOK'S VOYAGES. Price only 7s. 6d. in boards, or half-bound 9s.
+
+The CABINET of CURIOSITIES: or, WONDERS of the WORLD DISPLAYED Price 5s.
+boards.
+
+The MICROCOSM. Price 2s. or in boards, 2s. 6d By the Rt. Hon. G.
+CANNING, M.P. and other Writers, with a Memoir and Two Portraits.
+
+GOLDSMITH'S ESSAYS. Price 8d.
+
+DR. FRANKLIN'S ESSAYS. Price 1s. 2d.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS Price 8d.
+
+SALMAGUNDI. Price 1s. 8d.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 285 ***
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