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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11350 ***
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 376.] SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND.
+
+
+[Illustration: Exeter 'Change, Strand.]
+
+
+Who has not heard of Exeter 'Change? celebrated all over England for its
+menagerie and merchandize--wild beasts and cutlery--kangaroos and fleecy
+hosiery--elephants and minikin pins--a strange assemblage of nature and
+art--and savage and polished life.
+
+At page 69 of the present volume we have given a brief sketch of the
+"Ancient Site of the Exeter 'Change," &c.; showing how the magnificent
+house of Burleigh, where Queen Elizabeth deigned to visit her favourite
+treasurer--at length became a receptable for uncourtly beasts, birds, and
+reptiles, whilst the lower part became a little nation of shopkeepers,
+among whom shine conspicuous the parsimony and good fortune of Mr. Clarke,
+the cutler, who amassed here a princely fortune. But the march of
+improvement having condemned the whole of the building, "Exeter 'Change is
+removed to Charing Cross." Mr. Cross's occupation's gone, and the wild
+beasts have progressed nearer the Court by removing to the King's Mews.
+
+Surely such a place is worthy of preservation in a graphic sketch for THE
+MIRROR. Perhaps its wonders were once the goal of our wishes--to receive a
+long bill from the jolly yeoman at the door, to see the living wonders of
+the upper story, and be treated with a pocket knife or whistle-whip from
+the counters of the lower apartments, have probably at one period or other
+been grand treats. Yes, gentle reader, and two doors east of this world of
+wonders appeared the early numbers of the present Miscellany.
+
+Among the improvement projects, we hear that a building for the meetings
+of public societies is to occupy the above site.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+_June_ 10, 1829.
+
+
+Sir,--With your permission, I will attempt to describe the magnificent
+scene I witnessed on my ascent with Mr. G. Green, in his balloon, on
+Wednesday, June 10th, 1829; but I really want the power of language to
+depict its grandeur; for no poetic taste, or pencil of man, can unfold
+the splendid scene we enjoyed while traversing the ethereal regions.
+
+Having implicit confidence in the skill of Mr. Green I ascended with him
+from the Jamaica, Tea-gardens, Rotherhithe, amidst the acclamations of the
+multitude, whose forms and voices soon passed away; the busy hum of men
+(with us) ceased in a few seconds, and a solemn stillness reigned over the
+metropolis. The serenity of the evening threw a degree of solemnity over
+the scene, which had the effect of enchantment. We never lost sight of the
+earth, for our voyage was perfectly cloudless. The fields and buildings
+were all in miniature proportions, though most exquisitely depicted; and
+as Greenwich Hospital, the Tower of London, St. Paul's, &c. apparently
+receded from our view, the country succeeded, resembling one continued
+garden. The fields of wheat, &c. were beautifully defined, and the
+clearness of the atmosphere threw a sort of varnish (if I may use the term)
+over the whole face of nature. We had the Thames in view the whole of the
+time, which appeared like a rivulet of silver; but below Kingston Bridge,
+about half an hour after our ascent, the setting sun _gilded_ its surface
+with magnificent effect. The boats appeared like little pieces of cork.
+The Penitentiary, at Millbank, had the resemblance of a twelfth cake cut
+into quarters; St. Paul's and the Tower of London could be distinctly seen,
+the light falling happily upon their proportions. Old and New London
+Bridges, were like two feeble efforts of the works of man; and here we saw
+the triumph of nature over art, and the littleness of the great works of
+man. At one time, on nearing Battersea Bridge, we observed a small, black
+streak ascending from the surface of the Thames, which we concluded to be
+the smoke from a Richmond steam packet. At that time the course of the
+balloon was south-east, although the smoke above alluded to was driven
+towards the west. The air being so serene we felt no motion in the car,
+and we could only know we were quietly moving, from seeing the grappling
+irons (which hung from the car) pass over the earth rapidly from field
+to field; whilst the scene seemed to recede from our view like a moving
+panorama. At our greatest altitude a solemn stillness prevailed, and I
+cannot describe its awful grandeur and my excitement. We then let loose a
+pigeon, and having a favourable country below, we prepared to descend, and
+Mr. Green hailed some men with the cry of "we are coming down." I saw them
+run (though very small,) and we fell in a field of wheat, near Kingston,
+with scarcely any rebound; in fact a child might have alighted with safety.
+
+Thus, Mr. Editor, ended this short and rapid, but splendid voyage. On our
+alighting, Mr. Green wrote on a piece of paper our safe arrival, which he
+tied to the neck of a pigeon, and sent him off.
+
+Our greatest altitude did not exceed one mile and a quarter, in
+consequence, as Mr. Green informed me, of the density of the atmosphere,
+which would, at a greater elevation, have dimmed the splendour of the
+scene beneath us.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+[We thank our ingenious Correspondent for the previous description of
+his recent aerial voyage, as we are fully aware of the difficulty of
+describing such a magnificent scene as he must have witnessed in his
+ascent. During the whole voyage, he experienced nothing but sensations
+of delight; the atmosphere being only disturbed by very light wind, just
+sufficient to waft the aeronauts without any laborious management, and
+the time--evening--being beautifully serene. We thought ourselves richly
+rewarded by the view of the Colosseum Panorama, but what must have been
+their sensations at a distance of 6,600 feet high, when with the huge
+machine they appeared little more than a speck. The varnish, or glare,
+which our Correspondent describes, was that charming effect which we are
+wont to admire here, on earth, in evening scenes, especially when they
+are lit up by the splendour of the setting sun; but which must be doubly
+enchanting when viewed from so great an altitude. He likewise tells us
+that the landscape appeared to recede like a moving panorama, whilst the
+balloon seemed to be stationary; so that the scenic attempt at Covent
+Garden Theatre, a few years since, to illustrate a balloon ascent, by
+moving scenery, was in accordance with the real effect, though, we think,
+the theatrical attempt was not so appreciated at the time it was made. In
+conclusion, we congratulate our friend upon his splendid recreation, for
+such his ascent must have been.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PITY.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  What is pity?
+  'Tis virtue's essence,--'tis benevolence
+  Itself;--'tis mercy, justice, charity;
+  It is the rarest boon that man doth give to man;
+  It is the first perfection of our nature;
+  It is the brightest attribute of heav'n:
+  Without it man should rank beneath the brute;
+  And with it--he is little lower than angel.
+  The generous mite of penury is pity;
+  Nay, ev'n a look.--
+  Not so the heartless pittance of the affluent,
+  That is hypocrisy. If you pity,
+  Your heart is liberal to forgive,
+  Your memory to forget--
+  Your purse is open, and your hands are free
+  To help the penniless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE PENDRILS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Sir,--From a note which I have just seen at the foot of the interesting
+account of the escape of Charles the Second, in vol. v. of the MIRROR, the
+reader is led to conclude, that the pension granted to Richard Pendril,
+expired at his death. No such thing. Old Dr. Pendril lived, practised,
+and died at Alfriston, a little town in the east of Sussex, some forty or
+fifty years since. His son, John Pendril, died at Eastbourn, four or five
+years ago. His son, Mr. John Pendril, kept a public house at Lewes, a few
+years since, to which he added the appropriate sign of the "Royal Oak."
+All these in succession enjoyed the pension of ---- marks, granted by
+Charles the Second, together with something of a sporting character called
+"free warren." The last Mr. John Pendril was lately living at or near
+Brighton.
+
+W.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EATING "MUTTON COLD."
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Be good enough to insert the solution of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty in your
+last MIRROR, which I send at foot, and thereby oblige a constant
+
+SUBSCRIBER AND FRIEND.
+
+The solution, or attempt at solution, of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty as to what
+Goldsmith means in his poem "Retaliation" when he concludes his ironical
+eulogium on Edmund Burke, thus:--
+
+  "In short 'twas his fate, unemployed, or in place, sir,
+  To eat mutton cold, and cut blocks with a razor."
+
+
+By being "unemployed" it is presumed that he was not engaged in the
+ordinary avocations of life, or in other words was not engaged in those
+legitimate avocations which have for their object the procuring the means
+of subsistence for the masticator; but if it is meant to have a name of
+extensive meaning, the solution is unanswerable.
+
+Assuming the former to be Goldsmith's meaning, the answer to be given to
+the solution might be that eating mutton cold, is eating cold mutton in
+its cold state, cooked or uncooked; but if the more general meaning is
+insisted upon, I cannot see how the masticator is unemployed, as his jaws
+which form a most material part of himself--are set in full motion by the
+operation of eating--hence full employment is given them--and as much to
+the "he" who is the owner of such jaws.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+
+(_Continued from page 338_.)
+
+
+91. _Portrait of the late Earl of Kellie, Lord Lieutenant of the County of
+Fife._--D. Wilkie.--A noble portrait, painted for the County Hall, Cupar.
+
+92. _Night_.--H. Howard--An exquisite scene from Milton:--
+
+  "------------now glowed the firmament
+  With living sapphires: Hesperus that led
+  The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon,
+  Rising in clouded majesty, at length
+  Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light,
+  And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw."
+
+102. _Portrait of the Duchess of Richmond_.--Sir T. Lawrence.
+
+110. _Cardinals, Priests, and Roman Citizens washing the Pilgrims'
+Feet_.--D. Wilkie.--This ceremony takes place during the holy week, in
+the Convent of Santa Trinita dei Pelligrini; and Mr. Wilkie has infused a
+devotional character into this picture which is highly characteristic of
+Catholic solemnity.
+
+127. _Portrait of Jeremy Bentham_--H.W. Pickersgill.--An admirable
+likeness of the veteran-patriot and political economist.
+
+128. _The Defence of Saragossa_.--D. Wilkie.--The subject is so well
+explained in the Catalogue, that we quote it:--
+
+"The heroine Augustina is here represented on the battery, in front of the
+convent of Santa Engratia, where her husband being slain, she found her
+way to the station he had occupied, stept over his body, took his place
+at the gun, and declared she would herself avenge his death.
+
+"The principal person engaged in placing the gun is Don Joseph Palafox,
+who commanded the garrison during the memorable siege, but who is here
+represented in the habit of a volunteer. In front of him is the Reverend
+Father Consolaçion, an Augustin Friar, who served with great ability as
+an engineer, and who, with the crucifix in his hand, is directing at what
+object the cannon is to be pointed. On the left side of the picture is
+seen Basilico Boggiero, a priest, who was tutor to Palafox, celebrated for
+his share in the defence, and for his cruel fate when he fell into the
+hands of the enemy. He is writing a despatch to be sent by a carrier
+pigeon, to inform their distant friends of the unsubdued energies of the
+place."
+
+In this part of the room are half a dozen excellent portraits, all by
+different artists.
+
+149. _The Soldier's Wife_--W.F. Witherington.--This picture is from an
+anecdote of the late Duke of York. His Royal Highness, as he returned one
+day from a walk, observed a poor woman in tears, sent away from his house.
+On asking the servant who she was, he answered, "A beggar, some soldier's
+wife." "A soldier's wife!" returned his Royal Highness; "give her
+immediate relief: what is your mistress but a soldier's wife?"--An
+interesting picture, although we do not think the likeness of the
+benevolent Duke is very striking. However, the incident must have occurred
+a few years previous to his decease.
+
+157. _Lord Byron's Dream_.--C.L. Eastlake.--A rich oriental landscape,
+and a most delightful scene of desert stillness.
+
+172. _Portrait of Robert Southey, Esq._--Sir T. Lawrence--We hope the
+president's portrait will please the laureate, for he has been rather
+tenacious about his "likenesses" which have been engraved. The present is,
+perhaps, one of the most intellectual portraits in the room, but is too
+energetic even for the impassioned poet.
+
+181. _Queen Margaret of Anjou_, being defeated at the battle of Hexham,
+flies with the young prince into a forest, where she meets with robbers,
+to whose protection she confides her son.--H. P. Briggs.--This subject is
+by no means new in art, but is here cleverly treated, and the whole is
+very effective.
+
+214. _Othello and Desdemona_.--R. Evans.--Why is Othello in armour? Let
+Mr. Planché, in his _Costumes_, look to this.
+
+216. _Portrait of Miss Phillips, of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, as
+Juliet_.--H. E. Dawe.--This picture is entirely devoid of flattery; and
+is by no means a good likeness of the interesting original.
+
+224. _Roman Princess, with her Attendant, washing the female pilgrim's
+feet_.--D. Wilkie--An affecting picture of a truly devotional incident.
+
+246. _Camilla introduced to Gil Blas at the Inn_.--G. S. Newton.--This
+picture is considered to be Mr. Newton's _chef d'oeuvre_. The landlord is
+entering the chamber with a flambeau in his hand lighting in a lady, more
+beautiful than young, and very richly dressed; she is supported by an old
+squire, and a little Moorish page carries her train. The lankiness of
+Camilla is somewhat objectionable, but the head is exquisitely animated.
+The sentimentality of Gil Blas too, is excellent.
+
+293. _The Confessional--Pilgrims confessing in the Basilica of
+St. Peter's_.--D. Wilkie.--An interesting picture, though not equal to
+others by the same artist, in the present exhibition.
+
+322. _Hadleigh Castle. The mouth of the Thames--morning after a stormy
+night_--J. Constable--The picturesque beauty of this scene is spoiled by
+the spotty "manner of the artist."
+
+352. _Coronation of the Remains of Ines de Castro_.--G. St. Evie.--An
+attractive picture of one of the most extraordinary scenes in history.
+The remains of Dona Ines de Castro taken out of her tomb six years after
+the interment, when she was proclaimed queen of Portugal. This is an
+illustration of Mrs. Hemans's beautiful lines which we quoted in a recent
+number of the MIRROR.
+
+455. _Portrait of Mrs. Locke, sen_.--Sir T. Lawrence.--A Reubens-like
+portrait of a benevolent lady, and which we take to be an excellent
+likeness.
+
+592. _Portrait of John Parker, Esq. on his favourite horse Coroner, with
+the Worcestershire fox hounds_.--T. Woodward.--We can relate a curious
+circumstance connected with this picture. While in the room, a country
+gentleman and his lady inquired of us the subject--we turned to the number
+in the Catalogue, and gave him the desired information. "Ah," said he,
+"I was sure it was _Parker_, and told my wife the same, although I was not
+previously aware of his portrait being in the Exhibition." We should think
+the resemblance must be very striking.
+
+The _Antique Academy_ is almost covered with portraits, and the miniatures
+hang in cluster-like abundance--so that what with bright eyes and
+luxuriant tresses, this is not the least attractive of the rooms.
+
+In the _Library_ are several fine architectural drawings; among which is
+a view of Chatsworth, by Sir J. Wyatville, including, as we suppose, all
+the magnificent additions and improvements, now in progress there. Mr.
+Soane's Designs for entrances to the Parks and the western part of
+London, (which we alluded to in our No. 360,) are likewise here.
+
+In the _Model Academy_, Messrs. Chantrey and Westmacott have some fine
+groups, and Behnes three fine busts--the Duke of Cumberland, Princess
+Victoria, and Lady Eliz. Gower.
+
+It would be easy to extend this notice through the present and next
+number, but as other matters press, and as all the town go to Somerset
+House, we hope this notice will be sufficient; for it is not in our
+power to enumerate half the fine pictures in the Exhibition, much as we
+rejoice at this flourishing prospect of British art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MULREADY'S "WOLF AND LAMB."
+
+
+In a preceding number we stated that the copyright of this picture had
+been purchased for 1,000 guineas, and appropriated to the Artists' Fund,
+which a correspondent, and "a member of the Fund," informs us is not the
+fact. He assures us that the original picture was purchased some years
+since by his Majesty, who granted the loan of it to the society, at whose
+expense it was engraved; the sale of the prints producing 1,000_l_. to the
+Fund. Mr. Mulready has the merit of painting the picture and procuring the
+loan of it; but our version of the affair would make it appear otherwise.
+We copied our notice from the newspapers, where it was stated, as from the
+Lord Chancellor, at the Fund Dinner, that Mr. Mulready had relinquished
+his copyright to the picture for the benefit of the Fund, which had thus
+produced 1,000_l_.; but we thank our correspondent for his correction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *
+      *       *
+
+FIVE NIGHTS OF ST. ALBAN'S.
+
+
+This is a work of pure fiction, and is one of the most splendidly
+imaginative books we have met with for a long time. It is attributed to
+the author of the "First and Last" sketches in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+some of which have already been transferred to our pages. No further
+recommendation can be requisite; but to give the reader some idea of the
+vivid style in which the work is written, we detach two episodal extracts.
+
+
+THE IDIOT GIRL.
+
+
+When Peverell reached his own house, his man Francis met him with a
+strangely mysterious look and manner.
+
+"Here is one within," said he, "that will not, by any dint of persuasion,
+go; though I have been two good hours trying my skill to that end."
+
+"Who is it?" inquired Peverell.
+
+"That, neither, can I discover," quoth Francis. "She knocked at the
+door--it might be something after eleven, perhaps near upon twelve--and
+when I opened it, she whips into the hall without saying a word, walks
+into every room in the house--I following her, as a beadle follows a rogue,
+till he sees him beyond the parish bounds--and at last takes possession of
+your low chair, and, without so much as 'by your leave,' begins to wring
+her hands, and cry 'Lord! Lord!'--What do you want, good woman?" said I.
+But I might as well have addressed myself to the walls, for 'Lord! Lord!'
+was all her moan."
+
+Peverell hastened into the room, and there he saw poor Madge--her face
+buried in her hands, rocking to and fro, weeping most piteously, and as
+Francis had described, ever and anon calling upon the Lord, but in a tone
+of such utter wretchedness, that it pierced his very heart.
+
+He spoke to her. She started up at the sound of his voice, looked at him,
+and then mournfully exclaimed, while she pointed to the ground--"They have
+buried her!"
+
+"Then be comforted," said Peverell, in a kind and soothing voice; "your
+hardest trial is past."
+
+"What a churl he was!" continued Madge, not heeding the words of Peverell;
+"I only asked him to keep the grave open till to-morrow, and he denied me!
+Only till to-morrow--for then, said I, the cold earth can cover us both.
+But he denied me! So I fell upon my knees, beside my Marian's grave, and
+prayed that he might never lose a child, to know that blessedness of
+sorrow which lies in the thought of soon sleeping with those we have loved
+and lost! It was very wrong in me, I know, to wish to call down such
+affliction on him--but he denied me--and I had to hear the rattling dust
+fall upon her coffin--ay, and to see that dark, deep grave filled up; as
+if a mother might not have her own child!"
+
+"Poor afflicted creature!" exclaimed Peverell, in a half whisper to
+himself.
+
+"Yes!" said Madge, drying her tears with her hands. "Yes! I have walked
+with grief, for my companion in this world, through many a sad and weary
+hour. But I shook hands with her, and we parted, at the grave of Marian.
+I buried all my troubles there. What is the hour?"
+
+"Hard upon two," replied Peverell.
+
+"Then I must be busy," replied Madge, in a wild, hurried manner, and
+smiling at Peverell, with a look of much importance, as if what she had
+to do were some profound secret. "You'll not betray me, if I tell you?"
+she continued, taking his hand--"Feel!" and she placed it on her heart.
+"One, two; one, two; one, two--and so it goes on; it cannot beat beyond
+two! Oh, God! in what pain it is before it breaks!"
+
+She now returned to the chair from which she had risen, at the sound of
+Peverell's voice. He approached nearer; and (with a view rather to draw
+her gently from her own thoughts, than from any desire that she should
+leave his house,) he asked her "if she would go home?"
+
+"Yes," she replied; "bear with me yet a little while, and I'll go. It is
+near the time I promised Marian, when last I kissed her wintry cheek, as
+she lay shrouded in her coffin; and I may not fail. Lord! Lord! what a
+troubled and worthless world this seems to me now! A week ago, and the sun,
+and the moon, and the stars, and the green earth, and all that was upon it,
+were dear to mine eyes; and I should have wept to look my last at them!
+But now, I behold nothing it contains, save my Marian's grave! You will
+see _me_ laid in it, for pity's sake--won't you?"
+
+"Ay," said Peverell, "but that will be when I am gray, and thinking of my
+own: so, cheer up. He that shall toll the bell for thee, now sleeps in his
+cradle, I'll warrant."
+
+She beckoned Peverell to her, and taking his hand, she again placed it on
+her heart. A sad, melancholy smile played for a moment across her pale
+wrinkled face, and her glazed eyes kindled into a fleeting expressing of
+frightful gladness, as she feebly exclaimed, "Do you feel? One!--one!--one!
+--and hardly that--I breathe only from here," she continued, pointing to
+her throat. "Feel!--feel!--one!--one!--another!--how I gasp--see!--see--"
+
+She ceased to speak; the hand which retained Peverell's relaxed its
+hold--her head dropped--one long-drawn sigh was heaved--and poor Madge
+resigned a being touched with sympathies and feelings not often found
+in natures of nobler quality, in the world's catalogue of nobility. If,
+among the thousand doors which death holds open for mortal man to pass
+through, ere he puts on immortality, there be one, the rarest of them
+all, for broken hearts, this hapless creature found it. A self accusing
+spirit bowed her to the earth, with the sharpest of all griefs--a
+mother's anguish for an only child--lost to her, as gamesters lose
+fortunes--thrown away by her own hand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FITZMAURICE THE MAGICIAN.
+
+
+"_I have lived three hundred years!_ In that time--in all that time, I
+have never seen the glorious sun descend, but followed still its rolling
+course through the regions of illimitable space. I have shivered on the
+frozen mountains of the icy north, and fainted beneath the sultry skies of
+the blazing east: the swift winds have been my viewless chariot, and on
+their careering wings I have been hurried from clime to clime. But, nor
+light, nor air, nor heat, nor cold, have been to me as to the rest of my
+species; for I was doomed to find in their extremes a perpetual torment.
+I howled, under the sharp, pinching pangs of the icy north; I panted with
+agony, in the scorching fervour of the blazing east; and when mine eyes
+have ached, with vain efforts, to pierce the darkness of the earth's
+centre, they have been suddenly blasted with excessive and intolerable
+delight.
+
+"All the currents of human affection--all that makes the past delightful,
+the present lovely, and the future coveted, were dried up within me. My
+heart was like the sands of the desert, parched and barren. No living
+stream of hope, of gladness, or of desire, quickened it with human
+sympathies. It was a bleak and withered region, the fit abode of
+ever-during sorrow and comfortless despair. I was as a blighted tree, that
+perishes not at the root, but is withered in all its branches. Tears, I
+had none. One gracious drop, falling from my seared orbs, would have been
+the blessed channel of pent-up griefs that seemed to crush my almost
+frenzied brain. Sighs, I breathed not. They would have heaved from my
+bursting heart some of that misery, which loaded it to anguish. Sleep
+never came. I was denied the common luxury of the common wretched, to lose,
+in its sweet oblivion, its brief forgetfulness, the sense of what I was.
+Death, natural death, closed his many doors against me. All that lived,
+except myself--the persecuted, the weary, and the heavily laden of man's
+race--could find a grave! I, alone, looked upon the earth, and felt that
+it had no resting place for me! God! God! what a forlorn and miserable
+creature is man, when, in his affliction, he cannot say to the worm, I
+shall be yours! I might have cast away, indeed, the YENARKON--the Giver of
+Life--the elixir of the Sibyl--but that would have been to subject myself
+to a power of darkness, in whose fell wrath I should have suffered the
+casting away of mine eternal soul!
+
+"Thus the stream of time rolled on, burying beneath its dark waves, our
+little span of present, in the huge ocean of a perpetual past, and
+devouring, as the food of both, our swift decaying future. But I floated
+on its surface, and beheld whole generations flourish and fade away, while
+age and silver hairs, growing infirmities, and the closing sigh that ends
+them all, mocked me with a horrible exemption. I remained, and might have
+remained, for ages yet to come, the fixed and unaltered image of what I
+was, when in Mauritania I encountered the potent Amaimon, the damned
+magician of the den, but for that--woman's faith, and man's
+fidelity--which have made me what I AM!
+
+"This _was_ my destiny. Now mark, how I became enthralled to it; and how
+it befell, that at last I shook it off, and found redemption.
+
+"In my middle manhood, when scarcely forty summers had glowed within my
+veins, I left my native Italy, and journeyed to the Holy Land, upon the
+strict vow of a self-imposed penance. It was for no sin committed in my
+days of youth, but for the satisfaction of an ardent piety, and the
+growing spirit of a long enkindled devotion. I had patrimonial wealth in
+Apulia; I had kindred; I had friends. I renounced them all, to dedicate
+myself, thenceforth, to the service of THE CROSS. My purpose was blessed,
+by a virtuous mother's prayers, that I might approve myself a worthy
+soldier of Christ; and it was sanctified by a holy priest at the altar.
+
+"Even now, the recollection is strong within me, of the feelings with
+which, as the rising sun illumined the tops of the surrounding hills, I
+approached the once glorious, and still sacred, city of Jerusalem--that
+chosen seat of the Godhead--that Queen among the nations. Eclipsed, though
+it was, and its majestic head trodden into the dust, by the foot of the
+infidel, my gladdened eyes dwelt upon what was imperishable, and my wrapt
+imagination pictured what was destroyed. The valleys of Jehosaphat and
+Gehinnon, Mount Calvary, Mount Zion, and Mount Acre, stretched before me.
+The palace of King Herod, with its sumptuous halls of marble and of
+gold--the gorgeous Temple of Solomon--the lofty towers of Phaseolus and
+Mariamne--the palace of the Maccabees--the Hippodrome--the houses of many
+of the prophets--grew into existence again, beneath the creative force of
+fancy. I stood and wept. I knelt, and kissed the consecrated earth which
+once a Saviour trod."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"THE HUNTED STAG: A SKETCH.
+
+
+  What sounds are on the mountain blast?
+  Like bullet from the arbalast,
+  Was it the hunted quarry past
+    Right up Ben-ledi's side?--
+  So near, so rapidly he dash'd,
+  Yon lichen'd bough has scarcely plash'd
+    Into the torrent's tide.
+  Ay!--The good hound may bay beneath,
+    The hunter wind his horn;
+  He dared ye through the flooded Teith
+    As a warrior in his scorn!
+  Dash the red rowel in the steed,
+    Spur, laggards, while ye may!
+  St. Hubert's shaft to a stripling reed,
+    He dies no death to-day!
+
+  'Forward!'--Nay, waste not idle breath,
+  Gallants, ye win no green-wood wreath;
+  His antlers dance above the heath,
+    Like chieftain's plumed helm;
+  Right onward for the western peak,
+  Where breaks the sky in one white streak,
+  See, Isabel, in bold relief,
+  To Fancy's eye, Glenartney's chief,
+    Guarding his ancient realm.
+  So motionless, so noiseless there,
+  His foot on rock, his head in air,
+    Like sculptor's breathing stone!
+  Then, snorting from the rapid race,
+  Snuffs the free air a moment's space,
+  Glares grimly on the baffled chase,
+    And seeks the covert loan."
+
+
+"THE COMPLAINT OF THE VIOLETS.
+
+
+  By the silent foot of the shadowy hill
+    We slept in our green retreats,
+  And the April showers were wont to fill
+    Our hearts with sweets;
+  And though we lay in a lowly bower,
+    Yet all things loved us well,
+  And the waking bee left its fairest flower
+    With us to dwell.
+  But the warm May came in his pride to woo
+    The wealth of our virgin store,
+  And our hearts just felt his breath, and knew
+    Their sweets no more!
+  And the summer reigns on the quiet spot
+    Where we dwell--and its suns and showers
+  Bring balm to our sisters' hearts, but not--
+    Oh! not to _ours_!
+  We live--we bloom--but for ever o'er
+    Is the charm of the earth and sky:
+  To our life, ye heavens, that balm restore,
+    Or bid us die!"
+
+
+"THE FOUNTAIN: A BALLAD.
+
+
+  Why startest thou back from that fount of sweet water?
+    The roses are drooping while waiting for thee;
+  'Ladye, 'tis dark with the red hue of slaughter,
+    There is blood on that fountain--oh! whose may it be?'
+  Uprose the ladye at once from her dreaming,
+    Dreams born of sighs from the violets round,
+  The jasmine bough caught in her bright tresses, seeming
+    In pity to keep the fair prisoner it bound.
+  Tear-like the white leaves fell round her, as, breaking
+    The branch in her haste, to the fountain she flew,
+  The wave and the flowers o'er its mirror were reeking,
+    Pale as the marble around it she grew.
+  She followed its track to the grove of the willow,
+    To the bower of the twilight it led her at last,
+  There lay the bosom so often her pillow,
+    But the dagger was in it, its beating was past.
+  Round the neck of the youth a light chain was entwining,
+    The dagger had cleft it, she joined it again.
+  One dark curl of his, one of her's like gold shining,
+    'They hoped this would part us, they hoped it in vain.
+  Race of dark hatred, the stern unforgiving.
+    Whose hearts are as cold as the steel which they wear.
+  By the blood of the dead, the despair of the living,
+    Oh, house of my kinsman, my curse be your share!'
+  She bowed her fair face on the sleeper before her,
+    Night came and shed its cold tears on her brow;
+  Crimson the blush of the morning past o'er her,
+    But the cheek of the maiden returned not its glow.
+  Pale on the earth are the wild flowers weeping,
+    The cypress their column, the night-wind their hymn,
+  These mark the grave where those lovers are sleeping
+    Lovely--the lovely are mourning for them."
+
+_The Casket._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COUNTRY CHARACTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Country society has but little relief; and in proportion to intellectual
+refinement, this monotony appears to increase. We have always been
+favourable to Book Clubs in country towns, and about ten years since,
+established one in the anti-social town of ----. The plan worked well; its
+economy was admired, and extensively adopted all over England, but we
+heard little of its contributing to the social enjoyments of the people.
+Twenty families reading the same books, and these passed from house to
+house, among the respectability of the town, might have brought about
+a kind of consanguinity of opinion, and led to frequent interchange of
+civilities, meetings of the members at each others' houses, or at least
+a sort of how-d'ye-do acquaintance. The case was otherwise. The attorney
+and the doctor joined our society that their families of ten or twelve
+sons and daughters might keep under the sixpences and shillings of the
+circulating library; but they soon became jealous of _new books_, although
+they often returned them uncut and unread; and so far from knitting the
+bonds of acquaintance, we at last thought our plan served to estrange the
+members, by affording the little aristocracy frequent opportunities for
+venting their splenetic pride; the books were like _disjunctive
+conjunctions_, and when we left the place, the "society" did not promise
+to live another year.
+
+We could entertain ourselves, at least, with sketches of a few of the
+members of this disjointed body; but we must be content with one, and that
+shall be the _bookseller_ of the town.
+
+Imagine a man of middle height, rather inclined to obesity, and just
+turned of fifty-eight. He had a broad, low forehead, sunken eyes, an
+aquiline nose, a heavy, hanging lip, and a chin which buried its
+projections in ample and unclassical folds of neckerchief. He was bald,
+except a tuft on the _occiput_, or hinder part of his head, and on dress
+occasions he wore powder. He was a widower, his wife having been dead
+about ten years, leaving him two daughters, the amiability of whose
+dispositions was a painful contrast to the uneven temper of their father.
+He kept a good table, and had the best cellar of grape wine in the town,
+but entertained little company. His guests were usually the valets or
+butlers of the gentry in the neighbourhood; but the housekeepers were
+never invited by his daughters, a point of propriety in male and female
+acquaintanceship which amused us not a little. His business was of a most
+multifarious description, and besides the trades of bookseller, stationer,
+and druggist, he had a printing-office, and was, moreover, a self-taught
+printer, He was post-master and stamp sub-distributor, receiver of bail,
+and agent for insurances--little official appointments which would have
+made him mayor in a corporate town. Of late years, he seldom meddled with
+these matters of business; but tired of their common track, he struck out
+a course of life, which was neither public nor private, but made him a
+sort of oracle in the town, whose opinions were freely printed and
+gratuitously circulated, whilst the author was seldom seen except at
+vestry-meetings. In this way he acted as secretary to a benevolent society
+established by the gentry, and such was his enthusiasm that he gave his
+services and £200. worth of printing during the first year; and the
+Committee in return presented him with a handsome piece of plate with a
+complimentary inscription, which he had the modesty to keep locked up, and
+never to display even to his visiters. This proved him to be a benevolent
+man, and he would have been ten times more useful had not his charitable
+disposition been over tinged with oddity and caprice. His contact with
+the poor of the parish soon made him overseer, although his religious
+observances would not qualify him for churchwarden; for he only went
+to church at funerals, to which he was frequently invited, his staid
+appearance, and a certain air of gentility of which he was master, being
+in such cases no mean recommendation. Overseer and select vestryman, he
+printed the parish accounts, for the most part gratuitously, although the
+poor and even the better portion of the towns-people never gave him full
+credit for this generosity, conceiving that he was repaid by some secret
+services or funds. The oddity of his pursuits was only exceeded by their
+variety. In politics he was a disciple of Cobbett, and year after year,
+foretold a revolution, an alarm which he communicated to every one of his
+household. He took extreme interest in all new mechanical projects, but
+seldom indulged in the practical part of them. In wine-making he was once
+a very experimentalist, and studied every line of Macculloch and unripe
+fruit; next, he turned over every inch of his garden, analyzed the soil
+_à la_ Davy, and _salted_ all his growing crops. His cogitative habits led
+him to take long walks in the country, and he soon flew from horticultural
+chemistry to real farming; and about the same time took to road making and
+macadamization, and became a surveyor of the highways. But the trustees
+wanting to macadamize the miserably pitched street of the town, he
+bethought him of dust in summer and mud in winter, and drew up a long
+memorial to the lords of the soil, remonstrating with them on their
+impolitic conduct; but all in vain. It is curious, however, to reflect
+that what the people of a country town about ten years ago thought a curse
+to their roads should now be adopted in many of the principal London
+Streets. The last we heard of our bookseller's hobbies, was that he had
+bought the lease of a house for the sake of the large garden attached to
+it, and here, like Evelyn in his _Elysium Britannicum_, he passes his days
+in the primitive occupation of gardening.
+
+Our bookseller is a self-educated man, and in some pamphlets on the
+charitable institution to which we have alluded, are many of the errors
+of style peculiar to self-educated writers. Among his acquaintance we
+remember an attorney who practised in London, but had a small house in
+the town. He had been editor and proprietor of four or five morning and
+evening newspapers, and furnished our bookseller with all the news off
+'Change and about town. This friend and the journals were his oracles, and
+their influence he digested in morsels of political economy, so introduced
+into his pamphlets as not to offend the landed gentry of the neighbourhood.
+To them, it should be mentioned, he was a most useful personage, and his
+aid and auspices, were almost necessary to the success of any project for
+the interest of the town. The trades-people looked up to him; they would
+agree if Mr. ---- did, or they would wait his opinion.
+
+We have heard that he has been a gallant in his time; and more than once
+he has told little stories of dances and harvest homes, and merry meetings
+at the wealthy farmers' in the neighbourhood, of the moonlight walk home,
+and of his companions counting their won guineas on their return from an
+evening party--all of which throw into shade the social amusements of our
+artificial times. We have said that he kept a good table; for presents of
+game poured in from the gentlemen's bailiffs in the neighbourhood, fish
+from town to be repaid by summer visits, and if the fishmonger of the
+place was overstocked, the first person he sent to was our bookseller.
+Again, he would take a post-chaise, or the White Hart barouche, for a
+party of pleasure, when his neighbours would have been happy with a gig.
+He did not join, or allow his daughters to mix with them at the tradesman's
+ball, but they staid moping at home, because there was none between the
+gentry and trade. Yet the professional and little-fortune people
+cried ---- trade, and thus our bookseller belonged to neither class. The
+people of the place know not whether he is rich; he has been "making money"
+all his life-time say they, but he has "lived away." It is, however, to be
+regretted that they cannot settle the point, since they determine to a
+pound the income of every gentleman and lady in the neighbourhood, and,
+doff their hats according to the total.
+
+To sum up his character, he is just and sometimes generous; hospitable but
+not unostentatious; dictatorial and circumlocutory to excess in his
+conversation, and of an inquisitive turn of mind, and considering his
+resources, he is well informed and even clever in matters of the world; in
+short, he is a perfect pattern of the gentleman tradesmen of the present
+day.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EMIGRATION.
+
+
+A pamphlet of _Twenty-four Letters from Labourers in America to their
+Friends in England_, has lately reached our hands. These letters have been
+addressed by emigrants to their relatives in the eastern part of Sussex,
+and have been printed _literatim_. We are aware of the strong prejudice
+which exists against the practice of parishes sending off annually, a part
+of their surplus population to America; but some of the statements in
+these letters will stagger the _Noes_. We quote a few from letters written
+during the past year:
+
+
+_Brooklyn, Jan._ 14, 1828.
+
+John is at work as carpenter, for the winter; his Boss gives him 5_s_.
+a day, our money, which is little more than 2_s_. 6_d_, English money.
+They tell us that winter is a dead time in America; but we have found it
+as well and better than we expected. We can get good flour for 11_d_.
+English money; good beef for 2_d_. or 3_d_ do, and mutton the same
+price; pork about 4_d_.; sugar, very good, 5_d_.; butter and cheese is
+not much cheaper than in England; clothing is rather dear, especially
+woollen; worsted stockings are dear.
+
+
+_New Hereford, June_ 30, 1828.
+
+Dear Father and Mother,
+
+I now take the opportunity of writing to you since our long journey. But
+I am very sorry to tell you, that we had the misfortune to lose both our
+little boys; Edward died 29th April, and William 5th May; the younger died
+with bowel complaint; the other with the rash-fever and sore throat. We
+were very much hurt to have them buried in a watery grave; we mourned
+their loss; night and day they were not out of our minds. We had a
+minister on board, who prayed with us twice a day; he was a great comfort
+to us, on the account of losing our poor little children. He said, The
+Lord gave, and taketh away; and blessed be the name of the Lord. We should
+make ourselves contented if we had our poor little children here with us:
+we kept our children 24 hours. There were six children and one woman died
+in the vessel. Master Bran lost his wife. Mrs. Coshman, from Bodiam, lost
+her two only children. My sister Mary and her two children are living at
+Olbourn, about 80 miles from us. Little Caroline and father is living with
+us; and our three brothers are living within a mile of us. Brother James
+was very ill coming over, with the same complaint that William had. We
+were very sick for three weeks, coming over: John was very hearty, and
+so was father. We were afraid we should loose little Caroline; but the
+children and we are hearty at this time. Sarah and Caroline are often
+speaking of going to see their grandmother. Mary's children were all well,
+except little John; he was bad with a great cold. I have got a house and
+employ. I have 4_s_. a day and my board; and in harvest and haying I am to
+have 6_s_. or 7_s_. a day and my board. We get wheat for 7_s_. per bushel,
+of our money; that is about 3_s_. 7_d_. of your money; meat is about 3_d_.
+per pound; butter from 5_d_. to 6_d_.; sugar about the same as in England;
+shoes and clothes about the same as it is with you; tea is from 2_s_. 6_d_.
+3_s_. 6_d_. of your money; tobacco is about 9_d_. per pound, of your money;
+good whisky about 1_s_. 1_d_. per gallon; that is 2_s_. of your money.
+
+
+_Hudson State, New York, July_ 6, 1828.
+
+I must tell you a little what friends we met with when we landed in to
+Hudson; such friends as we never found in England; but it was chiefly from
+that people that love and fear God. We had so much meat brought us, that
+we could not eat while it was good; a whole quarter of a calf at once; so
+we had two or three quarters in a little time, and seven stone of beef.
+One old gentleman came and brought us a wagon load of wood, and two chucks
+of bacon; some sent flour, some bread, some cheese, some soap, some
+candles, some chairs, some bedsteads. One class-leader sent us 3_s_. worth
+of tin ware and many other things. The flowers are much here as yours;
+provision is not very cheap; flour is 1_s_. 7_d_. a gallon of this money,
+about 10_d_. of yours; butter is 1_s_., your money 6_d_.; meat from 2_d_.
+to 6_d_., yours 1_d_. to 3_d_.; sugar 10_d_. to 1_s_. yours 5_d_. and 6_d_.
+Tell father I wish I could send him nine or ten pound of tobacco; for it
+is 1_s_. a pound; I chaws rarely.
+
+
+_Constantia, Dec._ 2, 1828.
+
+Dear Children,
+
+I now write for the third time since I left old England. I wrote a letter,
+dated October 8th; and finding that it would have four weeks to lay, I was
+afraid you would not have it; and as I told you I would write the truth,
+if I was forced to beg my bread from door to door, so I now proceed.
+Dear children, I write to let you know that we are all in good health,
+excepting your mother; and she is now just put to bed of another son, and
+she is as well as can be expected. And now as it respects what I have got
+in America: I have got 12-1/2 acres of land, about half improved, and the
+rest in the state of nature, and two cows of my own. We can buy good land
+for 18_s_. per acre; but buying of land is not one quarter part, for the
+land is as full of trees as your woods are of stubs; and they are from
+four to ten rods long, and from one to five feet through them. You may buy
+land here from 18_s_. to 9_l_. in English money; and it will bring from 20
+to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and corn from 20 to 50 bushels per acre,
+and rye from 20 to 40 ditto. You may buy beef for 1-3/4_d_. per pound; and
+mutton the same; Irish butter 7_d_. per pound; cheese 3_d_.; tea 4_s_.
+6_d_.; sugar 7_d_. per pound; candles 7_d_.; soap 7_d_.; and wheat 4_s_.
+6_d_. per bushel; corn and rye 2_s_. per bushel. And I get 2_s_. 4_d_. a
+day and my board; and have as much meat to eat, three times a day, as I
+like to eat. But clothing is dear; shoes 8_s_.; half boots 16_s_.; calico
+from 8_d_. to 1_s_. 4_d_.; stockings 2_s_. 9_d_. to 3_s_. 6_d_.; flannel
+4_s_. per yard; superfine cloth from 4_s_. 6_d_. to 1_l_.; now all this is
+counted in English money. We get 4_s_. per day in summer, and our board;
+and if you count the difference of the money, you will soon find it out;
+8_s_. in our money is 4_s_. 6_d_. in your money.
+
+The reader will perhaps think we give only the "milk and honey" of these
+letters, but they bear the stamp of authenticity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KENILWORTH.
+
+
+Every body knows the delightful romance of Kenilworth,--a tragedy, of
+which the dramatis personae are the parties themselves, called up from
+their graves by the novelist magician. Students who attend St. Mary's
+Church, Oxford, still look out for the flat stone which covers the dust
+and bones of poor Amy, and could any sculptured effigies supply the place
+of the whole historical picture, then imagined in the mind's eye? More
+than once attracted by the old ballad,[1] we have, when undergraduates,
+walked to the "lonely towers of Cumnor Hall," fancied that we saw her
+struggle, and heard her screams, when she was thrown over the staircase
+(the traditional mode of her assassination,) and wondered how any man
+could have the heart to murder a simple lovesick pretty girl. Even now,
+in sorrow and in sadness, we read this account:--
+
+The unfortunate Amye Duddley (for so she subscribes herself in the
+Harleian Manuscript, 4712,) the first wife of Lord Robert Dudley, Queen
+Elizabeth's favourite, and after Amy's death Earl of Leicester, was
+daughter of Sir John Robsart. Her marriage took place June 4, 1550, the
+day following that on which her lord's eldest brother had been united to a
+daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and the event is thus recorded by King
+Edward in his Diary: "4. S. Robert dudeley, third sonne to th' erle of
+warwic, married S. John Robsartes daughter; after wich mariage ther were
+certain gentlemen that did strive who shuld first take away a gose's heade
+wich was hanged alive on tow crose postes." Soon after the accession of
+Elizabeth, when Dudley's ambitious views of a royal alliance had opened
+upon him, his countess mysteriously died at the retired mansion of Cumnor
+near Abingdon,[2] Sept. 8, 1560; and, although the mode of her death is
+imperfectly ascertained (her body was thrown down stairs, as a blind,)
+there appears far greater foundation for supposing the earl guilty of her
+murder, than usually belongs to such rumours, all her other attendants
+being absent at Abingdon fair, except Sir Richard Verney and his man. The
+circumstances, distorted by gross anachronisms, have been weaved into the
+delightful romance of "Kenilworth."
+
+Of the goose and posts, _we_ can suggest no better explanation than that
+the goose was intended for poor Amy, and the cross posts for the Protector
+Somerset, and his rival Dudley Duke of Northumberland, both of whom were
+bred to the devil's trade, ambition. Others may be possessed of more
+successful elucidation. At all events, it is plain that the people had a
+very suspicious opinion of Leicester, amounting to this, that he was a
+great rascal, who played a deep game, and stuck at nothing which he could
+do without danger to himself.[3]--_Gentleman's Magazine_.
+
+
+    [ 1] We believe, in Evans's collection.
+
+    [ 2] It is only three miles from Oxford, and six or seven from
+        Abingdon.
+
+    [ 3] His general mode of murder was by poison; and it is said, that
+        he so perished himself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MEXICAN MINES.
+
+
+It appears that, on an average of the fifteen years previous to the
+revolution, about twenty-two millions of dollars were exported, and that
+there was an accumulation of about two millions. Since the revolution,
+the exports have averaged 13,587,052 dollars, while the produce has
+decreased to eleven millions. This change was the natural consequence of
+the revolution. The favourable accounts of Humboldt excited a spirit of
+speculation that was wholly regardless of passing events; and the Act of
+Congress, facilitating the co-operation of foreigners with the natives,
+produced a mania which has been destructive to numberless individuals,
+who trusted too much to names. Seven English companies, with a capital
+of at least three millions, were established, and these were followed by
+two American, and one German, companies. Such was the rage for mining on
+the Royal Exchange, that for a time it was only necessary for any one
+to appear with contracts made with Mexican mine owners to establish a
+company. Many who were so ignorant as not even to know the difference
+between a shaft and a level, commenced speculators, not for the purpose
+of fairly earning a reward for doing some service to those to whom they
+offered their mines, but to fill their own purses without reference to
+consequences. Such a system of unprincipled conduct could not last;
+almost all the minor performers have been driven from the stage, and the
+respectable associations alone maintain their footing, though the want
+of returns for the immense sums invested has tended to produce a general
+want of confidence.
+
+Since these enterprises have been undertaken, an immense and fruitless
+expenditure has been incurred by sending out machinery, which could be
+of no earthly use--by despising the native processes, and substituting
+others that have been found wholly inapplicable--and by introducing
+British labourers, who when abroad reverse all the good qualities for
+which they are valuable at home. A reform in this system we believe to
+have been generally adopted, and we are sure that a reduction of
+expense, a management purely European, and native labour, with only such
+modifications in working, smelting, or amalgamating, as experience will
+prove to be advantageous, will, in a moderate time, return the capital
+already expended, with a commensurate advantage. But these things can
+only take place provided the public tranquillity be maintained, and the
+government keep their engagements with foreigners inviolate. The
+insecurity arising from the domestic feuds now disturbing this fine
+country, must, if it continues, finally annihilate its best
+resources.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Of the abhorrence with which the Dutch regard the French tongue, the
+following lines of Bilderdyk are an amusing example:--
+
+  Begone, thou bastard-tongue! so base--so broken--
+  By human jackals and hyaenas spoken;
+  Formed for a race of infidels, and fit
+  To laugh at truth--and scepticize in wit;
+  What stammering, snivelling sounds, which scarcely dare,
+  Bravely through nasal channels meet the ear--
+  Yet helped by apes' grimaces--and the devil,
+  Have ruled the world, and ruled the world for evil!
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COALS.
+
+
+One of the pamphlets of the age of the Commonwealth is said, in the
+title-page, to be
+
+          Printed in the year
+  That sea-coal was exceeding dear.
+
+
+The remembrance of this inconvenience, which the Londoners had suffered
+during the stoppage of their supply from Newcastle, made "the committees
+of both kingdoms conclude and agree among themselves, that some of the
+most notorious delinquents and malignants, late coal-owners in the town
+of Newcastle, be wholly excluded from intermeddling with any shares or
+parts of colleries;" "but as the parliament might find a difficulty in
+_driving on the trade_, they did not conceive it for their service to
+put out all the said malignants at once, but were rather constrained,
+for the present, to make use of those delinquents in working their own
+collieries as tenants and servants." The more stubborn and _wealthy_,
+therefore, were selected for example; and the others had this favour
+shown them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LADY-POETS OF ENGLAND.
+
+
+The following is a Frenchman's expression of homage to our modern female
+poets, in which we excel all the world:--
+
+It is remarkable, that in the latter years of the eighteenth century, and
+also during the whole course of our revolution, there appeared in England
+a whole school, as it were, of female authors, whose pure and graceful
+productions are disfigured by no exaggerations, nor are they of that
+sombre character which distinguishes the modern literature of their
+country. Of the lady-authors of England, the most celebrated is Lady
+Wortley Montagu, the contemporary of Pope, who has left poems, but more
+especially letters, highly remarkable for their talent and philosophy. It
+is impossible to give here the names of the authoresses who appeared all
+on a sudden about half a century after Lady Wortley Montagu. One of the
+earliest of them was a lady of the same name, Mrs. E. Montagu, the author
+of the Essays on Shakspeare, and Mrs. Anna Laetitia Barbauld, who wrote
+numerous poems and admirable hymns for children. There is great beauty in
+the Epistle of Mrs. Barbauld to Wilberforce, on the subject of the
+Abolition of the Slave Trade (1781.) Mrs. Hannah More has also written
+several works of _religious fiction_, and above all, some charming poems;
+Florio (1786,) and the Blue Stocking, or Conversation. The Blue Stocking
+is a burlesque name given to a lady's coterie, in which several females
+attempted to start a sort of _bureau d'esprit_ under the direction of
+Mesdames Robinson and Piozzi, a coterie innocent enough, but which excited
+the wrath of Mr. Gifford, the Editor of the _Quarterly Review_, who
+fulminated against it several satires in excessively bad taste, and
+written in a tone of disgusting pedantry. The verses of Mr. Gifford are
+infinitely more ridiculous than those he pretends to correct. Amongst the
+English ladies who have written romance, Miss Edgeworth, Mrs. Inchbald,
+and Lady Morgan, are worthy of especial note. Several ladies, without
+having written works of great importance, have still produced poetical
+pieces of graceful beauty; in this number it is but justice to distinguish
+Mrs. Opie. And lastly, in order to finish this hasty catalogue, we may
+remark that there have appeared in England, in our days, several ladies of
+a high order of literary, poetical, and at the same time, philosophical
+talent. Lady Morgan herself has contrived to mix up history and romance
+in her writings, with great ability; but among the ladies, who inscribed
+their fame on monuments more durable than romantic stories, we must select
+for honourable mention the names of Joanna Baillie, Aikin, Benger, and
+Helen Maria Williams. Miss Baillie, sister of the celebrated Dr. Baillie,
+the physician, is a woman of the highest talent. It is not your pretty
+nothings, your elegant trifles, which occupy her genius; on the contrary,
+she has attempted in a series of dramatic pieces, to paint the most
+energetic passion of the human heart; and her pieces, written in the most
+elevated and _Shakspearian_ tone, will always be regarded as the work of a
+superior mind. John Kemble, in the part of _Montfort_, reached the sublime
+of agony. In the writings of Miss Baillie there is a combination of the
+solemn and the poetical, which is rarely observed in women. Miss Aikin has
+written some charming poems, far more beautiful than any I have met with
+in the writings of Miss Landon and Miss Mitford. The _Mouse's Petition_,
+by Miss Aikin, is a _chef-d'oeuvre_. Miss Benger has published some
+historical works of great interest, which place her in the same line with
+Miss Aikin. Lastly, there is Helen Maria Williams, whose muse, half
+English, half French, has published poems, sonnets, and other pieces of
+verse, besides several political and historical works. This superior woman,
+at the same time that she gave birth, under the influence of sensibility
+and fancy, to works of inspiration, portrayed the details of the events of
+the French revolution, in the centre of which she threw herself, in 1792,
+from pure enthusiasm for liberty.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AMERICAN LAW.
+
+
+"No commentator," says Judge Hall, in his Letters from the West, "has
+taken any notice of _Linch's Law_, which was once the _lex loci_ of
+the frontiers. Its operation was as follows:--When a horse thief, a
+counterfeiter, or any other desperate vagabond, infested a neighbourhood,
+evading justice by cunning, or by a strong arm, or by the number of his
+confederates, the citizens formed themselves into a "_regulating company_,"
+a kind of holy brotherhood, whose duty was to purge the community of its
+unruly members. Mounted, armed, and commanded by a leader, they proceeded
+to arrest such notorious offenders as were deemed fit subjects of
+exemplary justice; their operations were generally carried on in the night.
+Squire Birch, who was personated by one of the party, established his
+tribunal under a tree in the woods, and the culprit was brought before him,
+tried, and generally convicted; he was then tied to a tree, lashed without
+mercy, and ordered to leave the country within a given time, under pain of
+a second visitation. It seldom happened that more than one or two were
+thus punished; their confederates took the hint and fled, or were
+admonished to quit the neighbourhood."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONUMENTAL ALTERATION.
+
+
+The following odd story is related respecting a monument in a chapel,
+adjoining _Stene_, a fine family seat in the north:--The sculptor, in that
+vile taste which seems to have originated in an unhappy design of making
+every thing connected with the grave revolting to our feelings, had
+ornamented this monument with "a very ghastly, grinning alabaster skull;"
+and the bishop one day expressed a wish to his domestic chaplain, Dr. Grey,
+that it had not been placed there. Grey, upon this, sent to Banbury for
+the sculptor, and consulted with him whether it was not possible to
+convert it into a soothing, instead of a painful object. After some
+consideration, the artist declared that the only thing into which he could
+possibly convert it was--a bunch of grapes! and accordingly, at this day,
+a bunch of grapes may be seen upon the monument; for the chapel, which for
+a time had been abandoned to the rooks and daws who built their nests
+among the monuments, has been repaired, and is now united to the rectory
+of Hinton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is easier to induce people to follow than to set an example--however
+good it may be both for themselves and others, most men have a silly
+squeamishness about proposing an adjournment from the dinner table. The
+host, fearing that his guest may take it for a token that he loves his
+wine better than his friends, is obliged to feign an unwillingness to
+leave the bottle, and, as Sponge says--"In good truth, 'tis impossible,
+nay, I say it is impudent, to contradict any gentleman at his own table;
+the president is always the wisest man in the party."
+
+  "Be of our patron's mind, whate'er he says;
+  Sleep very much, think little, and talk less;
+  Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong,
+  But eat your pudding, fool, and hold your tongue."
+
+MAT. PRIOR.
+
+Therefore his friends, unless a special commission be given to them for
+that purpose, feel unwilling to break the gay circle of conviviality, and
+are individually shy of asking for what almost every one
+wishes.--_Kitchiner_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Though much has been done, the orthography of the Dutch language can
+hardly be considered as positively fixed. A witty writer and one who has
+_biographized_ the Dutch poets with some severity, but much talent, says--
+
+  Spell--"Wereld "--so sets up Siegenbeek, and then
+  Comes Bilderdyk, and flings it down again.
+  He will have "Wareld"--'Tis a pretty quarrel
+  Shall I determine who shall wear the laurel:
+  Not I!--I like them both--and so I'll say
+  "Waereld"--and each shall have his own dear way.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE MEXICAN NAVY
+
+
+Is in a most deplorable state. The difficulty of reducing the Castle of
+San Juan de Ulloa led to the collection of some gun-boats, a couple of
+sloops of war, and two or three armed schooners. This number has since
+received the addition of a line of battle ship, two frigates, and some
+other vessels of war. Some English and American officers were engaged,
+but we believe that all the former have left the service, and that very
+few of the latter remain. Commodore Porter, of vain-glorious memory,
+(who once wrote a book of Voyages,) was, and may be still, the marine
+commandant, and distinguished himself by threatening to blockade Cuba,
+and by being obliged to skulk at Key West, to avoid destruction by the
+gallant Laborde. The Mexicans require no navy, and cannot maintain one;
+the sooner, therefore, they restrict it to a very few revenue cutters
+the better. The nature of the country and the destructive climate of
+the coast, diminish greatly the necessity for keeping up a military
+establishment for _external_ defence. Foreign invasion can do little;
+more is to be dreaded from internal dissensions.--_Foreign Quarterly
+Review_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A prudent host, who is not in the humour to submit to an attack from
+"staunch topers," "who love to keep it up" as _bons vivants_, whose
+favourite song is ever "_Fly not yet_," will engage some sober friends
+to fight on his side, and at a certain hour to vote for "no more wine,"
+and bravely demand "tea," and will select his company with as much care
+as a chemist composes a neutral salt, judiciously providing quite as
+large a proportion of alkali (tea men) as he has of acid (wine men.)
+To adjust the balance of power at the court of Bacchus, occasionally
+requires as much address as sagacious politicians say is sometimes
+requisite to direct the affairs of other courts.
+
+To make the summons of the tea table serve as an effective ejectment to
+the dinner table, let it be announced as a special invitation from the
+lady of the house. It may be, for example, "Mrs. Souchong requests the
+pleasure of your company to the drawing-room." This is an irresistible
+mandamus.
+
+  "Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl,
+    And Folly in thought drowning revels delight,
+  Such worship soon loses its charms for the soul,
+    When softer devotions our senses invite."
+
+CAPTAIN MORRIS.
+
+_Dr. Kitchiner._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING TEA.
+
+
+It has been long observed that the infusion of tea made in silver, or
+polished metal tea-pots, is stronger than that which is produced in black,
+or other kinds of earthenware pots. This is explained on the principle,
+that polished surfaces retain heat much better than dark, rough surfaces,
+and that, consequently, the caloric being confined in the former case,
+must act more powerfully than in the latter.
+
+It is further certain, that the silver or metal pot, when filled a second
+time, produces worse tea than the earthenware vessel; and that it is
+advisable to use the earthenware pot, unless a silver or metal one can be
+procured sufficiently large to contain at once all that may be required.
+These facts are readily explained by considering, that the action of heat
+retained by the silver vessel so far exhausts the herb as to leave very
+little soluble substance for a second infusion; whereas the reduced
+temperature of the water in the earthenware pot, by extracting only a
+small proportion at first, leaves some soluble matter for the action of
+a subsequent infusion.
+
+The reason for pouring boiling water into the tea-pot before the infusion
+of the tea is made, is, that the vessel being previously warm, may
+abstract less heat from the mixture, and thus admit a more powerful action.
+Neither is it difficult to explain the fact why the infusion of tea is
+stronger if only a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more
+be added some time afterwards; for if we consider that only the water
+immediately in contact with the herb can act upon it, and that it cools
+very rapidly, especially in earthenware vessels, it is clear that the
+effect will be greater where the heat is kept up by additions of boiling
+water, than where the vessel is filled at once, and the fluid suffered
+gradually to cool.
+
+When the infusion has once been completed, it is found that any further
+addition of the herb only affords a very small increase in the strength,
+the water having cooled much below the boiling point, and consequently,
+acting very slightly.
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HUMAN EAR.
+
+
+The ear consists of three principal divisions, viz. the external,
+intermediate, and internal ear. The different parts of the first division,
+or external ear, are described by anatomists under the name of the helix,
+antihelix, tragus, antitragus, the lobe, cavitas innominata, the scapha,
+and the concha. In the middle of the external ear is the meatus, or
+passage, which varies in length in different individuals. The external
+or outward ear is designed by nature to stand prominent, and to bear
+its proportion in the symmetry of the head, but in Europe it is greatly
+flattened by the pressure of the dress; it consists chiefly of elastic
+cartilage, formed with different hollows, or sinuosities, all leading into
+each other, and finally terminating in the concha, or immediate opening
+into the tube of the ear. This form is admirably adapted for the reception
+of sound, for collecting and retaining it, so that it may not pass off, or
+be sent too rapidly to the seat of the impression. There have been a few
+instances of men who had the power of moving the external ear in a similar
+manner to that of animals; but these instances are very rare, and rather
+deviations from the general structure; nor did it appear in these
+instances that such individuals heard more acutely: a proof that such a
+structure would be of no advantage to the human subject. With respect
+to the external ear in man, whether it is completely removed either by
+accident or design, deafness ensues, although its partial removal is
+not attended with this inconvenience: the external ear, therefore, or
+something in its form to collect sound, is a necessary part of the organ.
+
+The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the tympanum,
+mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. The tympanum contains four small
+delicate bones, viz. the malleus, the incus, the stapes, and the os
+orbiculare, joined to the incus. The intermediate ear displays an
+irregular cavity, having a membrane, called the membrana tympani,
+stretched across its extremity; and this cavity has a communication with
+the external air, through the Eustachian tube, which leads into the fauces,
+or throat. The membrane of the tympanum is intended to carry the
+vibrations of the atmosphere, collected by the outward ear, to the chain
+of bones which form the peculiar mechanism of the tympanum. Besides the
+effect of the hard and bony parts of the ear in increasing the power of
+sound, the tension of the different membranes is also a requisite: thus
+various muscles are so situated as to put the membrane on the stretch,
+that the sound, striking upon it, may, from its tension, similar to that
+of the parchment of a drum-head, have full influence upon the sense. In
+respect to its tension, the membrane of the tympanum may be also compared,
+not unaptly, to the string of a violin, or musical instrument, even more
+properly than to a drum; as the state of tension and relaxation in such
+chords produces a variety of sound in the instrument, so, in the same
+manner, circumstances, which affect the tension and relaxation of the
+tympanum, vary most perceptibly its powers of action, and the customary
+agency of the organ. Its four bones act mechanically, in consequence of
+the power of the local muscles: they strike like the key of an instrument,
+and produce a percussion on the nerves of the tympanum. Not only may the
+membrane of the tympanum be partially destroyed, and hearing be preserved,
+but the small bones of the tympanum have been in certain cases lost, or
+have come away, from ulceration, and through a constitutional or other
+cause; but in such cases it appears that the stapes was, in most instances,
+left, and thus the openings of the fenestra ovata and fenestra rotunda
+were preserved, which prevented the escape of sound from the labyrinth and
+internal parts. With respect to the Eustachian tube, its aperture into
+the throat seems indispensable to hearing; and whenever closed, from
+malconfirmation or disease, deafness is the certain consequence.
+
+The third division of the organ is the internal ear, which is called the
+labyrinth; it is divided into the vestibule, three semicircular canals,
+and the cochlea: the whole are incased within the petrous portion of the
+temporal bone. The internal ear may be considered as the actual seat of
+the organ; it consists of a nervous expansion of high sensibility, the
+sentient extremities of which spread in every direction, and in the most
+minute manner; inosculating with each other, and forming plexus, by which
+the auricular sense is increased. Here, also, sound is collected and
+retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea. To this apparatus is added the
+presence of a fluid, contained in sacs and membranes; as this fluid is in
+large quantities in some animals, there is no doubt it is intended as an
+additional means for enforcing the impression: the known influence of
+water, as a powerful medium or conductor of sound, strengthens this idea.
+The internal ear of man, therefore, has all the known varieties of
+apparatus, which are only partially present in other classes of the
+creation; and its perfection is best judged of, by considering the variety
+or form of the internal ear of other animals. The internal ear of some
+animals consists of little more than a sac of fluid, on which is expanded
+a small nervous pulp; according to the situation of this, whether the
+creature lives in water, or is partially exposed to the air, it has an
+external opening with the ear, or otherwise.--_Lecture delivered at the
+Royal Institution, May 30, 1828--by J.H. Curtis, Esq_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POETICAL WILL
+
+_Of Nathaniel Lloyd, Esq. Twickenham, Middlesex_.
+
+
+  What I am going to bequeath,
+  When this frail part submits to death;
+  But still I hope the spark divine,
+  With its congenial stars shall shine.
+  My good executors, fulfil      }
+  I pray ye, fairly my goodwill  }
+  With first and second codicil, }
+  And first, I give to dear Lord Hinton,
+  At Twyford School, now not at Winton,
+  One hundred guineas for a ring,
+  Or some such memorandum thing,
+  And truly much I should have blundered,
+  Had I not given another hundred
+  To Vere, Earl Powlett's second son,
+  Who dearly loves a little fun.
+  Unto my nephew, Robert Langdon,
+  Of whom none says he e'er has wrong done,
+  Though civil law he loves to hash,
+  I give two hundred pounds in cash.
+  One hundred pounds to my niece, Tuder,
+  (With loving eyes one Brandon view'd her,)
+  And to her children just among 'em,
+  In equal shares I freely give them.
+  To Charlotte Watson and Mary Lee,
+  If they with Lady Poulett be,
+  Because they round the year did dwell
+  In Twickenham house, and served full well,
+  When Lord and Lady both did stray
+  Over the hills and far away,
+  The first ten pounds, the other twenty,
+  And girls, I hope, that will content ye.
+  In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine,
+  This with my hand I write and sign,
+  The sixteenth day of fair October,
+  In merry mood, but sound and sober,
+  Past my three-score and fifteenth year,
+  With spirits gay, and conscience clear,
+  Joyous and frolicsome, though old,
+  And like this day, serene but cold,
+  To friends well wishing, and to friends most kind,
+  In perfect charity with all mankind.
+
+C.K.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+An Irish gentleman being accustomed to take a walk early every morning,
+was met by an acquaintance, about ten o'clock, who asking him if he had
+been taking his morning's walk, was answered in the negative, but, added
+the honest Hibernian, "I intend to take it in the afternoon."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A French writer having lampooned a nobleman, was caned by him for his
+licentious wit; when, applying to the Duke of Orleans, then Regent, and
+begging him to do him justice, the duke replied, with a smile, "_Sir, it
+has been done already_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE
+_Following Novels is already Published_:
+
+                                        _s_.       _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling             0          6
+  Paul and Virginia                      0          6
+  The Castle of Otranto                  0          6
+  Almoran and Hamet                      0          6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia    0          6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne     0          6
+  Rasselas                               0          8
+  The Old English Baron                  0          8
+  Nature and Art                         0          8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield         0         10
+  Sicilian Romance                       1          0
+  The Man of the World                   1          0
+  A Simple Story                         1          4
+  Joseph Andrews                         1          6
+  Humphry Clinker                        1          8
+  The Romance of the Forest              1          8
+  The Italian                            2          0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Roderick Random                        2          6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho               3          6
+  Peregrine Pickle                       4          6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction., by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11350 ***
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+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+    content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
+    <title>
+      The Mirror of Literature, Issue 376.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
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+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11350 ***</div>
+
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a id="page417" name="page417"></a>[pg
+    417]</span>
+    <h1>
+      THE MIRROR<br />
+       OF<br />
+       LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+    </h1>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+      <tr>
+        <td align="left">
+          <b>VOL. XII, NO. 376.]</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="center">
+          <b>SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1829.</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          <b>[PRICE 2d.</b>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND.
+    </h2>
+    <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+      <a href="images/376-1.png"><img width="100%"
+      src="images/376-1.png" alt="Exeter 'Change, Strand." /></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Who has not heard of Exeter 'Change? celebrated all over
+      England for its menagerie and merchandize&mdash;wild beasts
+      and cutlery&mdash;kangaroos and fleecy
+      hosiery&mdash;elephants and minikin pins&mdash;a strange
+      assemblage of nature and art&mdash;and savage and polished
+      life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At page 69 of the present volume we have given a brief sketch
+      of the "Ancient Site of the Exeter 'Change," &amp;c.; showing
+      how the magnificent house of Burleigh, where Queen Elizabeth
+      deigned to visit her favourite treasurer&mdash;at length
+      became a receptable for uncourtly beasts, birds, and
+      reptiles, whilst the lower part became a little nation of
+      shopkeepers, among whom shine conspicuous the parsimony and
+      good fortune of Mr. Clarke, the cutler, who amassed here a
+      princely fortune. But the march of improvement having
+      condemned the whole of the building, "Exeter 'Change is
+      removed to Charing Cross." Mr. Cross's occupation's gone, and
+      the wild beasts have progressed nearer the Court by removing
+      to the King's Mews.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Surely such a place is worthy of preservation in a graphic
+      sketch for THE MIRROR. Perhaps its wonders were once the goal
+      of our wishes&mdash;to receive a long bill from the jolly
+      yeoman at the door, to see the living wonders of the upper
+      story, and be treated with a pocket knife or whistle-whip
+      from the counters of the lower apartments, have probably at
+      one period or other been grand treats. Yes, gentle reader,
+      and two doors east of this world of wonders appeared the
+      early numbers of the present Miscellany.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the improvement projects, we hear that a building for
+      the meetings of public societies is to occupy the above site.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page418" name="page418"></a>[pg
+      418]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>June</i> 10, 1829.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sir,&mdash;With your permission, I will attempt to describe
+      the magnificent scene I witnessed on my ascent with Mr. G.
+      Green, in his balloon, on Wednesday, June 10th, 1829; but I
+      really want the power of language to depict its grandeur; for
+      no poetic taste, or pencil of man, can unfold the splendid
+      scene we enjoyed while traversing the ethereal regions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having implicit confidence in the skill of Mr. Green I
+      ascended with him from the Jamaica, Tea-gardens, Rotherhithe,
+      amidst the acclamations of the multitude, whose forms and
+      voices soon passed away; the busy hum of men (with us) ceased
+      in a few seconds, and a solemn stillness reigned over the
+      metropolis. The serenity of the evening threw a degree of
+      solemnity over the scene, which had the effect of
+      enchantment. We never lost sight of the earth, for our voyage
+      was perfectly cloudless. The fields and buildings were all in
+      miniature proportions, though most exquisitely depicted; and
+      as Greenwich Hospital, the Tower of London, St. Paul's,
+      &amp;c. apparently receded from our view, the country
+      succeeded, resembling one continued garden. The fields of
+      wheat, &amp;c. were beautifully defined, and the clearness of
+      the atmosphere threw a sort of varnish (if I may use the
+      term) over the whole face of nature. We had the Thames in
+      view the whole of the time, which appeared like a rivulet of
+      silver; but below Kingston Bridge, about half an hour after
+      our ascent, the setting sun <i>gilded</i> its surface with
+      magnificent effect. The boats appeared like little pieces of
+      cork. The Penitentiary, at Millbank, had the resemblance of a
+      twelfth cake cut into quarters; St. Paul's and the Tower of
+      London could be distinctly seen, the light falling happily
+      upon their proportions. Old and New London Bridges, were like
+      two feeble efforts of the works of man; and here we saw the
+      triumph of nature over art, and the littleness of the great
+      works of man. At one time, on nearing Battersea Bridge, we
+      observed a small, black streak ascending from the surface of
+      the Thames, which we concluded to be the smoke from a
+      Richmond steam packet. At that time the course of the balloon
+      was south-east, although the smoke above alluded to was
+      driven towards the west. The air being so serene we felt no
+      motion in the car, and we could only know we were quietly
+      moving, from seeing the grappling irons (which hung from the
+      car) pass over the earth rapidly from field to field; whilst
+      the scene seemed to recede from our view like a moving
+      panorama. At our greatest altitude a solemn stillness
+      prevailed, and I cannot describe its awful grandeur and my
+      excitement. We then let loose a pigeon, and having a
+      favourable country below, we prepared to descend, and Mr.
+      Green hailed some men with the cry of "we are coming down." I
+      saw them run (though very small,) and we fell in a field of
+      wheat, near Kingston, with scarcely any rebound; in fact a
+      child might have alighted with safety.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, Mr. Editor, ended this short and rapid, but splendid
+      voyage. On our alighting, Mr. Green wrote on a piece of paper
+      our safe arrival, which he tied to the neck of a pigeon, and
+      sent him off.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our greatest altitude did not exceed one mile and a quarter,
+      in consequence, as Mr. Green informed me, of the density of
+      the atmosphere, which would, at a greater elevation, have
+      dimmed the splendour of the scene beneath us.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      P.T.W.
+    </h4>
+    <p>
+      [We thank our ingenious Correspondent for the previous
+      description of his recent aerial voyage, as we are fully
+      aware of the difficulty of describing such a magnificent
+      scene as he must have witnessed in his ascent. During the
+      whole voyage, he experienced nothing but sensations of
+      delight; the atmosphere being only disturbed by very light
+      wind, just sufficient to waft the aeronauts without any
+      laborious management, and the time&mdash;evening&mdash;being
+      beautifully serene. We thought ourselves richly rewarded by
+      the view of the Colosseum Panorama, but what must have been
+      their sensations at a distance of 6,600 feet high, when with
+      the huge machine they appeared little more than a speck. The
+      varnish, or glare, which our Correspondent describes, was
+      that charming effect which we are wont to admire here, on
+      earth, in evening scenes, especially when they are lit up by
+      the splendour of the setting sun; but which must be doubly
+      enchanting when viewed from so great an altitude. He likewise
+      tells us that the landscape appeared to recede like a moving
+      panorama, whilst the balloon seemed to be stationary; so that
+      the scenic attempt at Covent Garden Theatre, a few years
+      since, to illustrate a balloon ascent, by moving scenery, was
+      in accordance with the real effect, though, we think, the
+      theatrical attempt was not so appreciated at the time it was
+      made. In conclusion, we congratulate our friend upon his
+      splendid recreation, for such his ascent must have been.]
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page419" name="page419"></a>[pg
+      419]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      PITY.&mdash;A FRAGMENT.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          What is pity?
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          'Tis virtue's essence,&mdash;'tis benevolence
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Itself;&mdash;'tis mercy, justice, charity;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          It is the rarest boon that man doth give to man;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          It is the first perfection of our nature;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          It is the brightest attribute of heav'n:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Without it man should rank beneath the brute;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And with it&mdash;he is little lower than angel.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The generous mite of penury is pity;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Nay, ev'n a look.&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Not so the heartless pittance of the affluent,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          That is hypocrisy. If you pity,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Your heart is liberal to forgive,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Your memory to forget&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Your purse is open, and your hands are free
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To help the penniless.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      CYMBELINE.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE PENDRILS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sir,&mdash;From a note which I have just seen at the foot of
+      the interesting account of the escape of Charles the Second,
+      in vol. v. of the MIRROR, the reader is led to conclude, that
+      the pension granted to Richard Pendril, expired at his death.
+      No such thing. Old Dr. Pendril lived, practised, and died at
+      Alfriston, a little town in the east of Sussex, some forty or
+      fifty years since. His son, John Pendril, died at Eastbourn,
+      four or five years ago. His son, Mr. John Pendril, kept a
+      public house at Lewes, a few years since, to which he added
+      the appropriate sign of the "Royal Oak." All these in
+      succession enjoyed the pension of &mdash;&mdash; marks,
+      granted by Charles the Second, together with something of a
+      sporting character called "free warren." The last Mr. John
+      Pendril was lately living at or near Brighton.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      W.W.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      EATING "MUTTON COLD."
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Be good enough to insert the solution of <i>Hen. B</i>.'s
+      difficulty in your last MIRROR, which I send at foot, and
+      thereby oblige a constant
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      SUBSCRIBER AND FRIEND.
+    </h4>
+    <p>
+      The solution, or attempt at solution, of <i>Hen. B</i>.'s
+      difficulty as to what Goldsmith means in his poem
+      "Retaliation" when he concludes his ironical eulogium on
+      Edmund Burke, thus:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "In short 'twas his fate, unemployed, or in place, sir,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To eat mutton cold, and cut blocks with a razor."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By being "unemployed" it is presumed that he was not engaged
+      in the ordinary avocations of life, or in other words was not
+      engaged in those legitimate avocations which have for their
+      object the procuring the means of subsistence for the
+      masticator; but if it is meant to have a name of extensive
+      meaning, the solution is unanswerable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Assuming the former to be Goldsmith's meaning, the answer to
+      be given to the solution might be that eating mutton cold, is
+      eating cold mutton in its cold state, cooked or uncooked; but
+      if the more general meaning is insisted upon, I cannot see
+      how the masticator is unemployed, as his jaws which form a
+      most material part of himself&mdash;are set in full motion by
+      the operation of eating&mdash;hence full employment is given
+      them&mdash;and as much to the "he" who is the owner of such
+      jaws.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      FINE ARTS.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>Continued from page 338</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      91. <i>Portrait of the late Earl of Kellie, Lord Lieutenant
+      of the County of Fife.</i>&mdash;D. Wilkie.&mdash;A noble
+      portrait, painted for the County Hall, Cupar.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      92. <i>Night</i>.&mdash;H. Howard&mdash;An exquisite scene
+      from Milton:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;now glowed the
+          firmament
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With living sapphires: Hesperus that led
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Rising in clouded majesty, at length
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      102. <i>Portrait of the Duchess of Richmond</i>.&mdash;Sir T.
+      Lawrence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      110. <i>Cardinals, Priests, and Roman Citizens washing the
+      Pilgrims' Feet</i>.&mdash;D. Wilkie.&mdash;This ceremony
+      takes place during the holy week, in the Convent of Santa
+      Trinita dei Pelligrini; and Mr. Wilkie has infused a
+      devotional character into this picture which is highly
+      characteristic of Catholic solemnity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      127. <i>Portrait of Jeremy Bentham</i>&mdash;H.W.
+      Pickersgill.&mdash;An admirable likeness of the
+      veteran-patriot and political economist.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      128. <i>The Defence of Saragossa</i>.&mdash;D.
+      Wilkie.&mdash;The subject is so well explained in the
+      Catalogue, that we quote it:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The heroine Augustina is here represented on the battery, in
+      front of the convent of Santa Engratia, where her husband
+      being slain, she found her way to the station he had
+      occupied, stept over his body, took his place at the gun, and
+      declared she would herself avenge his death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The principal person engaged in placing the gun is Don
+      Joseph Palafox, who commanded the garrison during the
+      memorable siege, but who is here represented in the habit of
+      a volunteer. In front of him is the Reverend Father
+      Consola&ccedil;ion, an Augustin Friar, who served
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page420" name="page420"></a>[pg
+      420]</span> with great ability as an engineer, and who, with
+      the crucifix in his hand, is directing at what object the
+      cannon is to be pointed. On the left side of the picture is
+      seen Basilico Boggiero, a priest, who was tutor to Palafox,
+      celebrated for his share in the defence, and for his cruel
+      fate when he fell into the hands of the enemy. He is writing
+      a despatch to be sent by a carrier pigeon, to inform their
+      distant friends of the unsubdued energies of the place."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this part of the room are half a dozen excellent
+      portraits, all by different artists.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      149. <i>The Soldier's Wife</i>&mdash;W.F.
+      Witherington.&mdash;This picture is from an anecdote of the
+      late Duke of York. His Royal Highness, as he returned one day
+      from a walk, observed a poor woman in tears, sent away from
+      his house. On asking the servant who she was, he answered, "A
+      beggar, some soldier's wife." "A soldier's wife!" returned
+      his Royal Highness; "give her immediate relief: what is your
+      mistress but a soldier's wife?"&mdash;An interesting picture,
+      although we do not think the likeness of the benevolent Duke
+      is very striking. However, the incident must have occurred a
+      few years previous to his decease.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      157. <i>Lord Byron's Dream</i>.&mdash;C.L. Eastlake.&mdash;A
+      rich oriental landscape, and a most delightful scene of
+      desert stillness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      172. <i>Portrait of Robert Southey, Esq.</i>&mdash;Sir T.
+      Lawrence&mdash;We hope the president's portrait will please
+      the laureate, for he has been rather tenacious about his
+      "likenesses" which have been engraved. The present is,
+      perhaps, one of the most intellectual portraits in the room,
+      but is too energetic even for the impassioned poet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      181. <i>Queen Margaret of Anjou</i>, being defeated at the
+      battle of Hexham, flies with the young prince into a forest,
+      where she meets with robbers, to whose protection she
+      confides her son.&mdash;H. P. Briggs.&mdash;This subject is
+      by no means new in art, but is here cleverly treated, and the
+      whole is very effective.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      214. <i>Othello and Desdemona</i>.&mdash;R. Evans.&mdash;Why
+      is Othello in armour? Let Mr. Planch&eacute;, in his
+      <i>Costumes</i>, look to this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      216. <i>Portrait of Miss Phillips, of the Theatre Royal,
+      Drury Lane, as Juliet</i>.&mdash;H. E. Dawe.&mdash;This
+      picture is entirely devoid of flattery; and is by no means a
+      good likeness of the interesting original.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      224. <i>Roman Princess, with her Attendant, washing the
+      female pilgrim's feet</i>.&mdash;D. Wilkie&mdash;An affecting
+      picture of a truly devotional incident.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      246. <i>Camilla introduced to Gil Blas at the
+      Inn</i>.&mdash;G. S. Newton.&mdash;This picture is considered
+      to be Mr. Newton's <i>chef d'oeuvre</i>. The landlord is
+      entering the chamber with a flambeau in his hand lighting in
+      a lady, more beautiful than young, and very richly dressed;
+      she is supported by an old squire, and a little Moorish page
+      carries her train. The lankiness of Camilla is somewhat
+      objectionable, but the head is exquisitely animated. The
+      sentimentality of Gil Blas too, is excellent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      293. <i>The Confessional&mdash;Pilgrims confessing in the
+      Basilica of St. Peter's</i>.&mdash;D. Wilkie.&mdash;An
+      interesting picture, though not equal to others by the same
+      artist, in the present exhibition.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      322. <i>Hadleigh Castle. The mouth of the
+      Thames&mdash;morning after a stormy night</i>&mdash;J.
+      Constable&mdash;The picturesque beauty of this scene is
+      spoiled by the spotty "manner of the artist."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      352. <i>Coronation of the Remains of Ines de
+      Castro</i>.&mdash;G. St. Evie.&mdash;An attractive picture of
+      one of the most extraordinary scenes in history. The remains
+      of Dona Ines de Castro taken out of her tomb six years after
+      the interment, when she was proclaimed queen of Portugal.
+      This is an illustration of Mrs. Hemans's beautiful lines
+      which we quoted in a recent number of the MIRROR.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      455. <i>Portrait of Mrs. Locke, sen</i>.&mdash;Sir T.
+      Lawrence.&mdash;A Reubens-like portrait of a benevolent lady,
+      and which we take to be an excellent likeness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      592. <i>Portrait of John Parker, Esq. on his favourite horse
+      Coroner, with the Worcestershire fox hounds</i>.&mdash;T.
+      Woodward.&mdash;We can relate a curious circumstance
+      connected with this picture. While in the room, a country
+      gentleman and his lady inquired of us the subject&mdash;we
+      turned to the number in the Catalogue, and gave him the
+      desired information. "Ah," said he, "I was sure it was
+      <i>Parker</i>, and told my wife the same, although I was not
+      previously aware of his portrait being in the Exhibition." We
+      should think the resemblance must be very striking.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <i>Antique Academy</i> is almost covered with portraits,
+      and the miniatures hang in cluster-like abundance&mdash;so
+      that what with bright eyes and luxuriant tresses, this is not
+      the least attractive of the rooms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the <i>Library</i> are several fine architectural
+      drawings; among which is a view of Chatsworth, by Sir J.
+      Wyatville, including, as we suppose, all the magnificent
+      additions and improvements, now in progress there. Mr.
+      Soane's Designs for entrances to the Parks and the western
+      part of London, (which we alluded to in our No. 360,) are
+      likewise here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page421" name="page421"></a>[pg
+      421]</span> In the <i>Model Academy</i>, Messrs. Chantrey and
+      Westmacott have some fine groups, and Behnes three fine
+      busts&mdash;the Duke of Cumberland, Princess Victoria, and
+      Lady Eliz. Gower.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It would be easy to extend this notice through the present
+      and next number, but as other matters press, and as all the
+      town go to Somerset House, we hope this notice will be
+      sufficient; for it is not in our power to enumerate half the
+      fine pictures in the Exhibition, much as we rejoice at this
+      flourishing prospect of British art.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MULREADY'S "WOLF AND LAMB."
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      In a preceding number we stated that the copyright of this
+      picture had been purchased for 1,000 guineas, and
+      appropriated to the Artists' Fund, which a correspondent, and
+      "a member of the Fund," informs us is not the fact. He
+      assures us that the original picture was purchased some years
+      since by his Majesty, who granted the loan of it to the
+      society, at whose expense it was engraved; the sale of the
+      prints producing 1,000<i>l</i>. to the Fund. Mr. Mulready has
+      the merit of painting the picture and procuring the loan of
+      it; but our version of the affair would make it appear
+      otherwise. We copied our notice from the newspapers, where it
+      was stated, as from the Lord Chancellor, at the Fund Dinner,
+      that Mr. Mulready had relinquished his copyright to the
+      picture for the benefit of the Fund, which had thus produced
+      1,000<i>l</i>.; but we thank our correspondent for his
+      correction.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      FIVE NIGHTS OF ST. ALBAN'S.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      This is a work of pure fiction, and is one of the most
+      splendidly imaginative books we have met with for a long
+      time. It is attributed to the author of the "First and Last"
+      sketches in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, some of which have
+      already been transferred to our pages. No further
+      recommendation can be requisite; but to give the reader some
+      idea of the vivid style in which the work is written, we
+      detach two episodal extracts.
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      THE IDIOT GIRL.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      When Peverell reached his own house, his man Francis met him
+      with a strangely mysterious look and manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here is one within," said he, "that will not, by any dint of
+      persuasion, go; though I have been two good hours trying my
+      skill to that end."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who is it?" inquired Peverell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That, neither, can I discover," quoth Francis. "She knocked
+      at the door&mdash;it might be something after eleven, perhaps
+      near upon twelve&mdash;and when I opened it, she whips into
+      the hall without saying a word, walks into every room in the
+      house&mdash;I following her, as a beadle follows a rogue,
+      till he sees him beyond the parish bounds&mdash;and at last
+      takes possession of your low chair, and, without so much as
+      'by your leave,' begins to wring her hands, and cry 'Lord!
+      Lord!'&mdash;What do you want, good woman?" said I. But I
+      might as well have addressed myself to the walls, for 'Lord!
+      Lord!' was all her moan."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Peverell hastened into the room, and there he saw poor
+      Madge&mdash;her face buried in her hands, rocking to and fro,
+      weeping most piteously, and as Francis had described, ever
+      and anon calling upon the Lord, but in a tone of such utter
+      wretchedness, that it pierced his very heart.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He spoke to her. She started up at the sound of his voice,
+      looked at him, and then mournfully exclaimed, while she
+      pointed to the ground&mdash;"They have buried her!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then be comforted," said Peverell, in a kind and soothing
+      voice; "your hardest trial is past."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What a churl he was!" continued Madge, not heeding the words
+      of Peverell; "I only asked him to keep the grave open till
+      to-morrow, and he denied me! Only till to-morrow&mdash;for
+      then, said I, the cold earth can cover us both. But he denied
+      me! So I fell upon my knees, beside my Marian's grave, and
+      prayed that he might never lose a child, to know that
+      blessedness of sorrow which lies in the thought of soon
+      sleeping with those we have loved and lost! It was very wrong
+      in me, I know, to wish to call down such affliction on
+      him&mdash;but he denied me&mdash;and I had to hear the
+      rattling dust fall upon her coffin&mdash;ay, and to see that
+      dark, deep grave filled up; as if a mother might not have her
+      own child!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Poor afflicted creature!" exclaimed Peverell, in a half
+      whisper to himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes!" said Madge, drying her tears with her hands. "Yes! I
+      have walked with grief, for my companion in this world,
+      through many a sad and weary hour. But I shook hands with
+      her, and we parted, at the grave of Marian. I buried all my
+      troubles there. What is the hour?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page422" name="page422"></a>[pg
+      422]</span> "Hard upon two," replied Peverell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then I must be busy," replied Madge, in a wild, hurried
+      manner, and smiling at Peverell, with a look of much
+      importance, as if what she had to do were some profound
+      secret. "You'll not betray me, if I tell you?" she continued,
+      taking his hand&mdash;"Feel!" and she placed it on her heart.
+      "One, two; one, two; one, two&mdash;and so it goes on; it
+      cannot beat beyond two! Oh, God! in what pain it is before it
+      breaks!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She now returned to the chair from which she had risen, at
+      the sound of Peverell's voice. He approached nearer; and
+      (with a view rather to draw her gently from her own thoughts,
+      than from any desire that she should leave his house,) he
+      asked her "if she would go home?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes," she replied; "bear with me yet a little while, and
+      I'll go. It is near the time I promised Marian, when last I
+      kissed her wintry cheek, as she lay shrouded in her coffin;
+      and I may not fail. Lord! Lord! what a troubled and worthless
+      world this seems to me now! A week ago, and the sun, and the
+      moon, and the stars, and the green earth, and all that was
+      upon it, were dear to mine eyes; and I should have wept to
+      look my last at them! But now, I behold nothing it contains,
+      save my Marian's grave! You will see <i>me</i> laid in it,
+      for pity's sake&mdash;won't you?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ay," said Peverell, "but that will be when I am gray, and
+      thinking of my own: so, cheer up. He that shall toll the bell
+      for thee, now sleeps in his cradle, I'll warrant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She beckoned Peverell to her, and taking his hand, she again
+      placed it on her heart. A sad, melancholy smile played for a
+      moment across her pale wrinkled face, and her glazed eyes
+      kindled into a fleeting expressing of frightful gladness, as
+      she feebly exclaimed, "Do you feel?
+      One!&mdash;one!&mdash;one! &mdash;and hardly that&mdash;I
+      breathe only from here," she continued, pointing to her
+      throat.
+      "Feel!&mdash;feel!&mdash;one!&mdash;one!&mdash;another!&mdash;how
+      I gasp&mdash;see!&mdash;see&mdash;"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She ceased to speak; the hand which retained Peverell's
+      relaxed its hold&mdash;her head dropped&mdash;one long-drawn
+      sigh was heaved&mdash;and poor Madge resigned a being touched
+      with sympathies and feelings not often found in natures of
+      nobler quality, in the world's catalogue of nobility. If,
+      among the thousand doors which death holds open for mortal
+      man to pass through, ere he puts on immortality, there be
+      one, the rarest of them all, for broken hearts, this hapless
+      creature found it. A self accusing spirit bowed her to the
+      earth, with the sharpest of all griefs&mdash;a mother's
+      anguish for an only child&mdash;lost to her, as gamesters
+      lose fortunes&mdash;thrown away by her own hand.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      FITZMAURICE THE MAGICIAN.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      "<i>I have lived three hundred years!</i> In that
+      time&mdash;in all that time, I have never seen the glorious
+      sun descend, but followed still its rolling course through
+      the regions of illimitable space. I have shivered on the
+      frozen mountains of the icy north, and fainted beneath the
+      sultry skies of the blazing east: the swift winds have been
+      my viewless chariot, and on their careering wings I have been
+      hurried from clime to clime. But, nor light, nor air, nor
+      heat, nor cold, have been to me as to the rest of my species;
+      for I was doomed to find in their extremes a perpetual
+      torment. I howled, under the sharp, pinching pangs of the icy
+      north; I panted with agony, in the scorching fervour of the
+      blazing east; and when mine eyes have ached, with vain
+      efforts, to pierce the darkness of the earth's centre, they
+      have been suddenly blasted with excessive and intolerable
+      delight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All the currents of human affection&mdash;all that makes the
+      past delightful, the present lovely, and the future coveted,
+      were dried up within me. My heart was like the sands of the
+      desert, parched and barren. No living stream of hope, of
+      gladness, or of desire, quickened it with human sympathies.
+      It was a bleak and withered region, the fit abode of
+      ever-during sorrow and comfortless despair. I was as a
+      blighted tree, that perishes not at the root, but is withered
+      in all its branches. Tears, I had none. One gracious drop,
+      falling from my seared orbs, would have been the blessed
+      channel of pent-up griefs that seemed to crush my almost
+      frenzied brain. Sighs, I breathed not. They would have heaved
+      from my bursting heart some of that misery, which loaded it
+      to anguish. Sleep never came. I was denied the common luxury
+      of the common wretched, to lose, in its sweet oblivion, its
+      brief forgetfulness, the sense of what I was. Death, natural
+      death, closed his many doors against me. All that lived,
+      except myself&mdash;the persecuted, the weary, and the
+      heavily laden of man's race&mdash;could find a grave! I,
+      alone, looked upon the earth, and felt that it had no resting
+      place for me! God! God! what a forlorn and miserable creature
+      is man, when, in his affliction, he cannot say to the worm, I
+      shall be yours! I might have cast away, indeed, the
+      YENARKON&mdash;the Giver of Life&mdash;the elixir of the
+      Sibyl&mdash;but that would have been to subject myself to a
+      power of darkness, in whose fell
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page423" name="page423"></a>[pg
+      423]</span> wrath I should have suffered the casting away of
+      mine eternal soul!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus the stream of time rolled on, burying beneath its dark
+      waves, our little span of present, in the huge ocean of a
+      perpetual past, and devouring, as the food of both, our swift
+      decaying future. But I floated on its surface, and beheld
+      whole generations flourish and fade away, while age and
+      silver hairs, growing infirmities, and the closing sigh that
+      ends them all, mocked me with a horrible exemption. I
+      remained, and might have remained, for ages yet to come, the
+      fixed and unaltered image of what I was, when in Mauritania I
+      encountered the potent Amaimon, the damned magician of the
+      den, but for that&mdash;woman's faith, and man's
+      fidelity&mdash;which have made me what I AM!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This <i>was</i> my destiny. Now mark, how I became
+      enthralled to it; and how it befell, that at last I shook it
+      off, and found redemption.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In my middle manhood, when scarcely forty summers had glowed
+      within my veins, I left my native Italy, and journeyed to the
+      Holy Land, upon the strict vow of a self-imposed penance. It
+      was for no sin committed in my days of youth, but for the
+      satisfaction of an ardent piety, and the growing spirit of a
+      long enkindled devotion. I had patrimonial wealth in Apulia;
+      I had kindred; I had friends. I renounced them all, to
+      dedicate myself, thenceforth, to the service of THE CROSS. My
+      purpose was blessed, by a virtuous mother's prayers, that I
+      might approve myself a worthy soldier of Christ; and it was
+      sanctified by a holy priest at the altar.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Even now, the recollection is strong within me, of the
+      feelings with which, as the rising sun illumined the tops of
+      the surrounding hills, I approached the once glorious, and
+      still sacred, city of Jerusalem&mdash;that chosen seat of the
+      Godhead&mdash;that Queen among the nations. Eclipsed, though
+      it was, and its majestic head trodden into the dust, by the
+      foot of the infidel, my gladdened eyes dwelt upon what was
+      imperishable, and my wrapt imagination pictured what was
+      destroyed. The valleys of Jehosaphat and Gehinnon, Mount
+      Calvary, Mount Zion, and Mount Acre, stretched before me. The
+      palace of King Herod, with its sumptuous halls of marble and
+      of gold&mdash;the gorgeous Temple of Solomon&mdash;the lofty
+      towers of Phaseolus and Mariamne&mdash;the palace of the
+      Maccabees&mdash;the Hippodrome&mdash;the houses of many of
+      the prophets&mdash;grew into existence again, beneath the
+      creative force of fancy. I stood and wept. I knelt, and
+      kissed the consecrated earth which once a Saviour trod."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      "THE HUNTED STAG: A SKETCH.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          What sounds are on the mountain blast?
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Like bullet from the arbalast,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Was it the hunted quarry past
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Right up Ben-ledi's side?&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          So near, so rapidly he dash'd,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Yon lichen'd bough has scarcely plash'd
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Into the torrent's tide.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Ay!&mdash;The good hound may bay beneath,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The hunter wind his horn;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          He dared ye through the flooded Teith
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          As a warrior in his scorn!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Dash the red rowel in the steed,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Spur, laggards, while ye may!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          St. Hubert's shaft to a stripling reed,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          He dies no death to-day!
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          'Forward!'&mdash;Nay, waste not idle breath,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Gallants, ye win no green-wood wreath;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His antlers dance above the heath,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Like chieftain's plumed helm;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Right onward for the western peak,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Where breaks the sky in one white streak,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          See, Isabel, in bold relief,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To Fancy's eye, Glenartney's chief,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Guarding his ancient realm.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          So motionless, so noiseless there,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His foot on rock, his head in air,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Like sculptor's breathing stone!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Then, snorting from the rapid race,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Snuffs the free air a moment's space,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Glares grimly on the baffled chase,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          And seeks the covert loan."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h3>
+      "THE COMPLAINT OF THE VIOLETS.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          By the silent foot of the shadowy hill
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          We slept in our green retreats,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And the April showers were wont to fill
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Our hearts with sweets;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And though we lay in a lowly bower,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Yet all things loved us well,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And the waking bee left its fairest flower
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          With us to dwell.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          But the warm May came in his pride to woo
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The wealth of our virgin store,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And our hearts just felt his breath, and knew
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Their sweets no more!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And the summer reigns on the quiet spot
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Where we dwell&mdash;and its suns and showers
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Bring balm to our sisters' hearts, but not&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Oh! not to <i>ours</i>!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          We live&mdash;we bloom&mdash;but for ever o'er
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Is the charm of the earth and sky:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To our life, ye heavens, that balm restore,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Or bid us die!"
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h3>
+      "THE FOUNTAIN: A BALLAD.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Why startest thou back from that fount of sweet water?
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The roses are drooping while waiting for thee;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          'Ladye, 'tis dark with the red hue of slaughter,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          There is blood on that fountain&mdash;oh! whose may it
+          be?'
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Uprose the ladye at once from her dreaming,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Dreams born of sighs from the violets round,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The jasmine bough caught in her bright tresses, seeming
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          In pity to keep the fair prisoner it bound.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Tear-like the white leaves fell round her, as, breaking
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The branch in her haste, to the fountain she flew,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The wave and the flowers o'er its mirror were reeking,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Pale as the marble around it she grew.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          She followed its track to the grove of the willow,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          To the bower of the twilight it led her at last,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          There lay the bosom so often her pillow,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          But the dagger was in it, its beating was past.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Round the neck of the youth a light chain was entwining,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The dagger had cleft it, she joined it again.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          One dark curl of his, one of her's like gold shining,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          'They hoped this would part us, they hoped it in vain.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <span class="pagenum"><a id="page424"
+          name="page424"></a>[pg 424]</span>
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Race of dark hatred, the stern unforgiving.
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Whose hearts are as cold as the steel which they wear.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          By the blood of the dead, the despair of the living,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Oh, house of my kinsman, my curse be your share!'
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          She bowed her fair face on the sleeper before her,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Night came and shed its cold tears on her brow;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Crimson the blush of the morning past o'er her,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          But the cheek of the maiden returned not its glow.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Pale on the earth are the wild flowers weeping,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The cypress their column, the night-wind their hymn,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          These mark the grave where those lovers are sleeping
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Lovely&mdash;the lovely are mourning for them."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <i>The Casket.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE COSMOPOLITE.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      COUNTRY CHARACTER.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Country society has but little relief; and in proportion to
+      intellectual refinement, this monotony appears to increase.
+      We have always been favourable to Book Clubs in country
+      towns, and about ten years since, established one in the
+      anti-social town of &mdash;&mdash;. The plan worked well; its
+      economy was admired, and extensively adopted all over
+      England, but we heard little of its contributing to the
+      social enjoyments of the people. Twenty families reading the
+      same books, and these passed from house to house, among the
+      respectability of the town, might have brought about a kind
+      of consanguinity of opinion, and led to frequent interchange
+      of civilities, meetings of the members at each others'
+      houses, or at least a sort of how-d'ye-do acquaintance. The
+      case was otherwise. The attorney and the doctor joined our
+      society that their families of ten or twelve sons and
+      daughters might keep under the sixpences and shillings of the
+      circulating library; but they soon became jealous of <i>new
+      books</i>, although they often returned them uncut and
+      unread; and so far from knitting the bonds of acquaintance,
+      we at last thought our plan served to estrange the members,
+      by affording the little aristocracy frequent opportunities
+      for venting their splenetic pride; the books were like
+      <i>disjunctive conjunctions</i>, and when we left the place,
+      the "society" did not promise to live another year.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We could entertain ourselves, at least, with sketches of a
+      few of the members of this disjointed body; but we must be
+      content with one, and that shall be the <i>bookseller</i> of
+      the town.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Imagine a man of middle height, rather inclined to obesity,
+      and just turned of fifty-eight. He had a broad, low forehead,
+      sunken eyes, an aquiline nose, a heavy, hanging lip, and a
+      chin which buried its projections in ample and unclassical
+      folds of neckerchief. He was bald, except a tuft on the
+      <i>occiput</i>, or hinder part of his head, and on dress
+      occasions he wore powder. He was a widower, his wife having
+      been dead about ten years, leaving him two daughters, the
+      amiability of whose dispositions was a painful contrast to
+      the uneven temper of their father. He kept a good table, and
+      had the best cellar of grape wine in the town, but
+      entertained little company. His guests were usually the
+      valets or butlers of the gentry in the neighbourhood; but the
+      housekeepers were never invited by his daughters, a point of
+      propriety in male and female acquaintanceship which amused us
+      not a little. His business was of a most multifarious
+      description, and besides the trades of bookseller, stationer,
+      and druggist, he had a printing-office, and was, moreover, a
+      self-taught printer, He was post-master and stamp
+      sub-distributor, receiver of bail, and agent for
+      insurances&mdash;little official appointments which would
+      have made him mayor in a corporate town. Of late years, he
+      seldom meddled with these matters of business; but tired of
+      their common track, he struck out a course of life, which was
+      neither public nor private, but made him a sort of oracle in
+      the town, whose opinions were freely printed and gratuitously
+      circulated, whilst the author was seldom seen except at
+      vestry-meetings. In this way he acted as secretary to a
+      benevolent society established by the gentry, and such was
+      his enthusiasm that he gave his services and &pound;200.
+      worth of printing during the first year; and the Committee in
+      return presented him with a handsome piece of plate with a
+      complimentary inscription, which he had the modesty to keep
+      locked up, and never to display even to his visiters. This
+      proved him to be a benevolent man, and he would have been ten
+      times more useful had not his charitable disposition been
+      over tinged with oddity and caprice. His contact with the
+      poor of the parish soon made him overseer, although his
+      religious observances would not qualify him for churchwarden;
+      for he only went to church at funerals, to which he was
+      frequently invited, his staid appearance, and a certain air
+      of gentility of which he was master, being in such cases no
+      mean recommendation. Overseer and select vestryman, he
+      printed the parish accounts, for the most part gratuitously,
+      although the poor and even the better portion of the
+      towns-people never gave him full credit for this generosity,
+      conceiving that he was repaid by some secret services or
+      funds. The oddity of his
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page425" name="page425"></a>[pg
+      425]</span> pursuits was only exceeded by their variety. In
+      politics he was a disciple of Cobbett, and year after year,
+      foretold a revolution, an alarm which he communicated to
+      every one of his household. He took extreme interest in all
+      new mechanical projects, but seldom indulged in the practical
+      part of them. In wine-making he was once a very
+      experimentalist, and studied every line of Macculloch and
+      unripe fruit; next, he turned over every inch of his garden,
+      analyzed the soil <i>&agrave; la</i> Davy, and <i>salted</i>
+      all his growing crops. His cogitative habits led him to take
+      long walks in the country, and he soon flew from
+      horticultural chemistry to real farming; and about the same
+      time took to road making and macadamization, and became a
+      surveyor of the highways. But the trustees wanting to
+      macadamize the miserably pitched street of the town, he
+      bethought him of dust in summer and mud in winter, and drew
+      up a long memorial to the lords of the soil, remonstrating
+      with them on their impolitic conduct; but all in vain. It is
+      curious, however, to reflect that what the people of a
+      country town about ten years ago thought a curse to their
+      roads should now be adopted in many of the principal London
+      Streets. The last we heard of our bookseller's hobbies, was
+      that he had bought the lease of a house for the sake of the
+      large garden attached to it, and here, like Evelyn in his
+      <i>Elysium Britannicum</i>, he passes his days in the
+      primitive occupation of gardening.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our bookseller is a self-educated man, and in some pamphlets
+      on the charitable institution to which we have alluded, are
+      many of the errors of style peculiar to self-educated
+      writers. Among his acquaintance we remember an attorney who
+      practised in London, but had a small house in the town. He
+      had been editor and proprietor of four or five morning and
+      evening newspapers, and furnished our bookseller with all the
+      news off 'Change and about town. This friend and the journals
+      were his oracles, and their influence he digested in morsels
+      of political economy, so introduced into his pamphlets as not
+      to offend the landed gentry of the neighbourhood. To them, it
+      should be mentioned, he was a most useful personage, and his
+      aid and auspices, were almost necessary to the success of any
+      project for the interest of the town. The trades-people
+      looked up to him; they would agree if Mr. &mdash;&mdash; did,
+      or they would wait his opinion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We have heard that he has been a gallant in his time; and
+      more than once he has told little stories of dances and
+      harvest homes, and merry meetings at the wealthy farmers' in
+      the neighbourhood, of the moonlight walk home, and of his
+      companions counting their won guineas on their return from an
+      evening party&mdash;all of which throw into shade the social
+      amusements of our artificial times. We have said that he kept
+      a good table; for presents of game poured in from the
+      gentlemen's bailiffs in the neighbourhood, fish from town to
+      be repaid by summer visits, and if the fishmonger of the
+      place was overstocked, the first person he sent to was our
+      bookseller. Again, he would take a post-chaise, or the White
+      Hart barouche, for a party of pleasure, when his neighbours
+      would have been happy with a gig. He did not join, or allow
+      his daughters to mix with them at the tradesman's ball, but
+      they staid moping at home, because there was none between the
+      gentry and trade. Yet the professional and little-fortune
+      people cried &mdash;&mdash; trade, and thus our bookseller
+      belonged to neither class. The people of the place know not
+      whether he is rich; he has been "making money" all his
+      life-time say they, but he has "lived away." It is, however,
+      to be regretted that they cannot settle the point, since they
+      determine to a pound the income of every gentleman and lady
+      in the neighbourhood, and, doff their hats according to the
+      total.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To sum up his character, he is just and sometimes generous;
+      hospitable but not unostentatious; dictatorial and
+      circumlocutory to excess in his conversation, and of an
+      inquisitive turn of mind, and considering his resources, he
+      is well informed and even clever in matters of the world; in
+      short, he is a perfect pattern of the gentleman tradesmen of
+      the present day.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      PHILO.
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      NOTES OF A READER.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      EMIGRATION.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      A pamphlet of <i>Twenty-four Letters from Labourers in
+      America to their Friends in England</i>, has lately reached
+      our hands. These letters have been addressed by emigrants to
+      their relatives in the eastern part of Sussex, and have been
+      printed <i>literatim</i>. We are aware of the strong
+      prejudice which exists against the practice of parishes
+      sending off annually, a part of their surplus population to
+      America; but some of the statements in these letters will
+      stagger the <i>Noes</i>. We quote a few from letters written
+      during the past year:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Brooklyn, Jan.</i> 14, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John is at work as carpenter, for the winter; his Boss gives
+      him 5<i>s</i>. a day, our money, which is little more than
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page426" name="page426"></a>[pg
+      426]</span> 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>, English money. They tell us
+      that winter is a dead time in America; but we have found it
+      as well and better than we expected. We can get good flour
+      for 11<i>d</i>. English money; good beef for 2<i>d</i>. or
+      3<i>d</i> do, and mutton the same price; pork about
+      4<i>d</i>.; sugar, very good, 5<i>d</i>.; butter and cheese
+      is not much cheaper than in England; clothing is rather dear,
+      especially woollen; worsted stockings are dear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>New Hereford, June</i> 30, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dear Father and Mother,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I now take the opportunity of writing to you since our long
+      journey. But I am very sorry to tell you, that we had the
+      misfortune to lose both our little boys; Edward died 29th
+      April, and William 5th May; the younger died with bowel
+      complaint; the other with the rash-fever and sore throat. We
+      were very much hurt to have them buried in a watery grave; we
+      mourned their loss; night and day they were not out of our
+      minds. We had a minister on board, who prayed with us twice a
+      day; he was a great comfort to us, on the account of losing
+      our poor little children. He said, The Lord gave, and taketh
+      away; and blessed be the name of the Lord. We should make
+      ourselves contented if we had our poor little children here
+      with us: we kept our children 24 hours. There were six
+      children and one woman died in the vessel. Master Bran lost
+      his wife. Mrs. Coshman, from Bodiam, lost her two only
+      children. My sister Mary and her two children are living at
+      Olbourn, about 80 miles from us. Little Caroline and father
+      is living with us; and our three brothers are living within a
+      mile of us. Brother James was very ill coming over, with the
+      same complaint that William had. We were very sick for three
+      weeks, coming over: John was very hearty, and so was father.
+      We were afraid we should loose little Caroline; but the
+      children and we are hearty at this time. Sarah and Caroline
+      are often speaking of going to see their grandmother. Mary's
+      children were all well, except little John; he was bad with a
+      great cold. I have got a house and employ. I have 4<i>s</i>.
+      a day and my board; and in harvest and haying I am to have
+      6<i>s</i>. or 7<i>s</i>. a day and my board. We get wheat for
+      7<i>s</i>. per bushel, of our money; that is about 3<i>s</i>.
+      7<i>d</i>. of your money; meat is about 3<i>d</i>. per pound;
+      butter from 5<i>d</i>. to 6<i>d</i>.; sugar about the same as
+      in England; shoes and clothes about the same as it is with
+      you; tea is from 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 3<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.
+      of your money; tobacco is about 9<i>d</i>. per pound, of your
+      money; good whisky about 1<i>s</i>. 1<i>d</i>. per gallon;
+      that is 2<i>s</i>. of your money.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Hudson State, New York, July</i> 6, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I must tell you a little what friends we met with when we
+      landed in to Hudson; such friends as we never found in
+      England; but it was chiefly from that people that love and
+      fear God. We had so much meat brought us, that we could not
+      eat while it was good; a whole quarter of a calf at once; so
+      we had two or three quarters in a little time, and seven
+      stone of beef. One old gentleman came and brought us a wagon
+      load of wood, and two chucks of bacon; some sent flour, some
+      bread, some cheese, some soap, some candles, some chairs,
+      some bedsteads. One class-leader sent us 3<i>s</i>. worth of
+      tin ware and many other things. The flowers are much here as
+      yours; provision is not very cheap; flour is 1<i>s</i>.
+      7<i>d</i>. a gallon of this money, about 10<i>d</i>. of
+      yours; butter is 1<i>s</i>., your money 6<i>d</i>.; meat from
+      2<i>d</i>. to 6<i>d</i>., yours 1<i>d</i>. to 3<i>d</i>.;
+      sugar 10<i>d</i>. to 1<i>s</i>. yours 5<i>d</i>. and
+      6<i>d</i>. Tell father I wish I could send him nine or ten
+      pound of tobacco; for it is 1<i>s</i>. a pound; I chaws
+      rarely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Constantia, Dec.</i> 2, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dear Children,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I now write for the third time since I left old England. I
+      wrote a letter, dated October 8th; and finding that it would
+      have four weeks to lay, I was afraid you would not have it;
+      and as I told you I would write the truth, if I was forced to
+      beg my bread from door to door, so I now proceed. Dear
+      children, I write to let you know that we are all in good
+      health, excepting your mother; and she is now just put to bed
+      of another son, and she is as well as can be expected. And
+      now as it respects what I have got in America: I have got
+      12-1/2 acres of land, about half improved, and the rest in
+      the state of nature, and two cows of my own. We can buy good
+      land for 18<i>s</i>. per acre; but buying of land is not one
+      quarter part, for the land is as full of trees as your woods
+      are of stubs; and they are from four to ten rods long, and
+      from one to five feet through them. You may buy land here
+      from 18<i>s</i>. to 9<i>l</i>. in English money; and it will
+      bring from 20 to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and corn from
+      20 to 50 bushels per acre, and rye from 20 to 40 ditto. You
+      may buy beef for 1-3/4<i>d</i>. per pound; and mutton the
+      same; Irish butter 7<i>d</i>. per pound; cheese 3<i>d</i>.;
+      tea 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.; sugar 7<i>d</i>. per pound;
+      candles 7<i>d</i>.; soap 7<i>d</i>.; and wheat 4<i>s</i>.
+      6<i>d</i>. per bushel; corn and rye
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page427" name="page427"></a>[pg
+      427]</span> 2<i>s</i>. per bushel. And I get 2<i>s</i>.
+      4<i>d</i>. a day and my board; and have as much meat to eat,
+      three times a day, as I like to eat. But clothing is dear;
+      shoes 8<i>s</i>.; half boots 16<i>s</i>.; calico from
+      8<i>d</i>. to 1<i>s</i>. 4<i>d</i>.; stockings 2<i>s</i>.
+      9<i>d</i>. to 3<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.; flannel 4<i>s</i>. per
+      yard; superfine cloth from 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. to
+      1<i>l</i>.; now all this is counted in English money. We get
+      4<i>s</i>. per day in summer, and our board; and if you count
+      the difference of the money, you will soon find it out;
+      8<i>s</i>. in our money is 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. in your
+      money.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The reader will perhaps think we give only the "milk and
+      honey" of these letters, but they bear the stamp of
+      authenticity.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      KENILWORTH.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Every body knows the delightful romance of
+      Kenilworth,&mdash;a tragedy, of which the dramatis personae
+      are the parties themselves, called up from their graves by
+      the novelist magician. Students who attend St. Mary's Church,
+      Oxford, still look out for the flat stone which covers the
+      dust and bones of poor Amy, and could any sculptured effigies
+      supply the place of the whole historical picture, then
+      imagined in the mind's eye? More than once attracted by the
+      old ballad,<a id="footnotetag1"
+      name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
+      we have, when undergraduates, walked to the "lonely towers of
+      Cumnor Hall," fancied that we saw her struggle, and heard her
+      screams, when she was thrown over the staircase (the
+      traditional mode of her assassination,) and wondered how any
+      man could have the heart to murder a simple lovesick pretty
+      girl. Even now, in sorrow and in sadness, we read this
+      account:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The unfortunate Amye Duddley (for so she subscribes herself
+      in the Harleian Manuscript, 4712,) the first wife of Lord
+      Robert Dudley, Queen Elizabeth's favourite, and after Amy's
+      death Earl of Leicester, was daughter of Sir John Robsart.
+      Her marriage took place June 4, 1550, the day following that
+      on which her lord's eldest brother had been united to a
+      daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and the event is thus
+      recorded by King Edward in his Diary: "4. S. Robert dudeley,
+      third sonne to th' erle of warwic, married S. John Robsartes
+      daughter; after wich mariage ther were certain gentlemen that
+      did strive who shuld first take away a gose's heade wich was
+      hanged alive on tow crose postes." Soon after the accession
+      of Elizabeth, when Dudley's ambitious views of a royal
+      alliance had opened upon him, his countess mysteriously died
+      at the retired mansion of Cumnor near
+      Abingdon,<a id="footnotetag2"
+      name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+      Sept. 8, 1560; and, although the mode of her death is
+      imperfectly ascertained (her body was thrown down stairs, as
+      a blind,) there appears far greater foundation for supposing
+      the earl guilty of her murder, than usually belongs to such
+      rumours, all her other attendants being absent at Abingdon
+      fair, except Sir Richard Verney and his man. The
+      circumstances, distorted by gross anachronisms, have been
+      weaved into the delightful romance of "Kenilworth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of the goose and posts, <i>we</i> can suggest no better
+      explanation than that the goose was intended for poor Amy,
+      and the cross posts for the Protector Somerset, and his rival
+      Dudley Duke of Northumberland, both of whom were bred to the
+      devil's trade, ambition. Others may be possessed of more
+      successful elucidation. At all events, it is plain that the
+      people had a very suspicious opinion of Leicester, amounting
+      to this, that he was a great rascal, who played a deep game,
+      and stuck at nothing which he could do without danger to
+      himself.<a id="footnotetag3"
+      name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>&mdash;<i>
+      Gentleman's Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MEXICAN MINES.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It appears that, on an average of the fifteen years previous
+      to the revolution, about twenty-two millions of dollars were
+      exported, and that there was an accumulation of about two
+      millions. Since the revolution, the exports have averaged
+      13,587,052 dollars, while the produce has decreased to eleven
+      millions. This change was the natural consequence of the
+      revolution. The favourable accounts of Humboldt excited a
+      spirit of speculation that was wholly regardless of passing
+      events; and the Act of Congress, facilitating the
+      co-operation of foreigners with the natives, produced a mania
+      which has been destructive to numberless individuals, who
+      trusted too much to names. Seven English companies, with a
+      capital of at least three millions, were established, and
+      these were followed by two American, and one German,
+      companies. Such was the rage for mining on the Royal
+      Exchange, that for a time it was only necessary for any one
+      to appear with contracts made with Mexican mine owners to
+      establish a company. Many who were so ignorant as not even to
+      know the difference between a shaft and a level, commenced
+      speculators, not for the purpose of fairly earning a reward
+      for doing some service to those to whom they offered their
+      mines, but to fill their own
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page428" name="page428"></a>[pg
+      428]</span> purses without reference to consequences. Such a
+      system of unprincipled conduct could not last; almost all the
+      minor performers have been driven from the stage, and the
+      respectable associations alone maintain their footing, though
+      the want of returns for the immense sums invested has tended
+      to produce a general want of confidence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Since these enterprises have been undertaken, an immense and
+      fruitless expenditure has been incurred by sending out
+      machinery, which could be of no earthly use&mdash;by
+      despising the native processes, and substituting others that
+      have been found wholly inapplicable&mdash;and by introducing
+      British labourers, who when abroad reverse all the good
+      qualities for which they are valuable at home. A reform in
+      this system we believe to have been generally adopted, and we
+      are sure that a reduction of expense, a management purely
+      European, and native labour, with only such modifications in
+      working, smelting, or amalgamating, as experience will prove
+      to be advantageous, will, in a moderate time, return the
+      capital already expended, with a commensurate advantage. But
+      these things can only take place provided the public
+      tranquillity be maintained, and the government keep their
+      engagements with foreigners inviolate. The insecurity arising
+      from the domestic feuds now disturbing this fine country,
+      must, if it continues, finally annihilate its best
+      resources.&mdash;<i>Foreign Quarterly Review.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      Of the abhorrence with which the Dutch regard the French
+      tongue, the following lines of Bilderdyk are an amusing
+      example:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Begone, thou bastard-tongue! so base&mdash;so
+          broken&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          By human jackals and hyaenas spoken;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Formed for a race of infidels, and fit
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To laugh at truth&mdash;and scepticize in wit;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          What stammering, snivelling sounds, which scarcely dare,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Bravely through nasal channels meet the ear&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Yet helped by apes' grimaces&mdash;and the devil,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Have ruled the world, and ruled the world for evil!
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ibid.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      COALS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      One of the pamphlets of the age of the Commonwealth is said,
+      in the title-page, to be
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p class="i2">
+          Printed in the year
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          That sea-coal was exceeding dear.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The remembrance of this inconvenience, which the Londoners
+      had suffered during the stoppage of their supply from
+      Newcastle, made "the committees of both kingdoms conclude and
+      agree among themselves, that some of the most notorious
+      delinquents and malignants, late coal-owners in the town of
+      Newcastle, be wholly excluded from intermeddling with any
+      shares or parts of colleries;" "but as the parliament might
+      find a difficulty in <i>driving on the trade</i>, they did
+      not conceive it for their service to put out all the said
+      malignants at once, but were rather constrained, for the
+      present, to make use of those delinquents in working their
+      own collieries as tenants and servants." The more stubborn
+      and <i>wealthy</i>, therefore, were selected for example; and
+      the others had this favour shown them.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      LADY-POETS OF ENGLAND.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The following is a Frenchman's expression of homage to our
+      modern female poets, in which we excel all the world:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is remarkable, that in the latter years of the eighteenth
+      century, and also during the whole course of our revolution,
+      there appeared in England a whole school, as it were, of
+      female authors, whose pure and graceful productions are
+      disfigured by no exaggerations, nor are they of that sombre
+      character which distinguishes the modern literature of their
+      country. Of the lady-authors of England, the most celebrated
+      is Lady Wortley Montagu, the contemporary of Pope, who has
+      left poems, but more especially letters, highly remarkable
+      for their talent and philosophy. It is impossible to give
+      here the names of the authoresses who appeared all on a
+      sudden about half a century after Lady Wortley Montagu. One
+      of the earliest of them was a lady of the same name, Mrs. E.
+      Montagu, the author of the Essays on Shakspeare, and Mrs.
+      Anna Laetitia Barbauld, who wrote numerous poems and
+      admirable hymns for children. There is great beauty in the
+      Epistle of Mrs. Barbauld to Wilberforce, on the subject of
+      the Abolition of the Slave Trade (1781.) Mrs. Hannah More has
+      also written several works of <i>religious fiction</i>, and
+      above all, some charming poems; Florio (1786,) and the Blue
+      Stocking, or Conversation. The Blue Stocking is a burlesque
+      name given to a lady's coterie, in which several females
+      attempted to start a sort of <i>bureau d'esprit</i> under the
+      direction of Mesdames Robinson and Piozzi, a coterie innocent
+      enough, but which excited the wrath of Mr. Gifford, the
+      Editor of the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, who fulminated against
+      it several satires in excessively bad taste, and written in a
+      tone of disgusting pedantry. The verses of Mr. Gifford are
+      infinitely more ridiculous than those he pretends to correct.
+      Amongst the English ladies who have written romance, Miss
+      Edgeworth, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page429"
+      name="page429"></a>[pg 429]</span> Mrs. Inchbald, and Lady
+      Morgan, are worthy of especial note. Several ladies, without
+      having written works of great importance, have still produced
+      poetical pieces of graceful beauty; in this number it is but
+      justice to distinguish Mrs. Opie. And lastly, in order to
+      finish this hasty catalogue, we may remark that there have
+      appeared in England, in our days, several ladies of a high
+      order of literary, poetical, and at the same time,
+      philosophical talent. Lady Morgan herself has contrived to
+      mix up history and romance in her writings, with great
+      ability; but among the ladies, who inscribed their fame on
+      monuments more durable than romantic stories, we must select
+      for honourable mention the names of Joanna Baillie, Aikin,
+      Benger, and Helen Maria Williams. Miss Baillie, sister of the
+      celebrated Dr. Baillie, the physician, is a woman of the
+      highest talent. It is not your pretty nothings, your elegant
+      trifles, which occupy her genius; on the contrary, she has
+      attempted in a series of dramatic pieces, to paint the most
+      energetic passion of the human heart; and her pieces, written
+      in the most elevated and <i>Shakspearian</i> tone, will
+      always be regarded as the work of a superior mind. John
+      Kemble, in the part of <i>Montfort</i>, reached the sublime
+      of agony. In the writings of Miss Baillie there is a
+      combination of the solemn and the poetical, which is rarely
+      observed in women. Miss Aikin has written some charming
+      poems, far more beautiful than any I have met with in the
+      writings of Miss Landon and Miss Mitford. The <i>Mouse's
+      Petition</i>, by Miss Aikin, is a <i>chef-d'oeuvre</i>. Miss
+      Benger has published some historical works of great interest,
+      which place her in the same line with Miss Aikin. Lastly,
+      there is Helen Maria Williams, whose muse, half English, half
+      French, has published poems, sonnets, and other pieces of
+      verse, besides several political and historical works. This
+      superior woman, at the same time that she gave birth, under
+      the influence of sensibility and fancy, to works of
+      inspiration, portrayed the details of the events of the
+      French revolution, in the centre of which she threw herself,
+      in 1792, from pure enthusiasm for liberty.&mdash;<i>Foreign
+      Quarterly Review.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      AMERICAN LAW.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      "No commentator," says Judge Hall, in his Letters from the
+      West, "has taken any notice of <i>Linch's Law</i>, which was
+      once the <i>lex loci</i> of the frontiers. Its operation was
+      as follows:&mdash;When a horse thief, a counterfeiter, or any
+      other desperate vagabond, infested a neighbourhood, evading
+      justice by cunning, or by a strong arm, or by the number of
+      his confederates, the citizens formed themselves into a
+      "<i>regulating company</i>," a kind of holy brotherhood,
+      whose duty was to purge the community of its unruly members.
+      Mounted, armed, and commanded by a leader, they proceeded to
+      arrest such notorious offenders as were deemed fit subjects
+      of exemplary justice; their operations were generally carried
+      on in the night. Squire Birch, who was personated by one of
+      the party, established his tribunal under a tree in the
+      woods, and the culprit was brought before him, tried, and
+      generally convicted; he was then tied to a tree, lashed
+      without mercy, and ordered to leave the country within a
+      given time, under pain of a second visitation. It seldom
+      happened that more than one or two were thus punished; their
+      confederates took the hint and fled, or were admonished to
+      quit the neighbourhood."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MONUMENTAL ALTERATION.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The following odd story is related respecting a monument in a
+      chapel, adjoining <i>Stene</i>, a fine family seat in the
+      north:&mdash;The sculptor, in that vile taste which seems to
+      have originated in an unhappy design of making every thing
+      connected with the grave revolting to our feelings, had
+      ornamented this monument with "a very ghastly, grinning
+      alabaster skull;" and the bishop one day expressed a wish to
+      his domestic chaplain, Dr. Grey, that it had not been placed
+      there. Grey, upon this, sent to Banbury for the sculptor, and
+      consulted with him whether it was not possible to convert it
+      into a soothing, instead of a painful object. After some
+      consideration, the artist declared that the only thing into
+      which he could possibly convert it was&mdash;a bunch of
+      grapes! and accordingly, at this day, a bunch of grapes may
+      be seen upon the monument; for the chapel, which for a time
+      had been abandoned to the rooks and daws who built their
+      nests among the monuments, has been repaired, and is now
+      united to the rectory of Hinton.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      It is easier to induce people to follow than to set an
+      example&mdash;however good it may be both for themselves and
+      others, most men have a silly squeamishness about proposing
+      an adjournment from the dinner table. The host, fearing that
+      his guest may take it for a token that he loves his wine
+      better than his friends, is obliged to feign an unwillingness
+      to leave the bottle, and, as Sponge says&mdash;"In
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page430" name="page430"></a>[pg
+      430]</span> good truth, 'tis impossible, nay, I say it is
+      impudent, to contradict any gentleman at his own table; the
+      president is always the wisest man in the party."
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "Be of our patron's mind, whate'er he says;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Sleep very much, think little, and talk less;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          But eat your pudding, fool, and hold your tongue."
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          MAT. PRIOR.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Therefore his friends, unless a special commission be given
+      to them for that purpose, feel unwilling to break the gay
+      circle of conviviality, and are individually shy of asking
+      for what almost every one wishes.&mdash;<i>Kitchiner</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      Though much has been done, the orthography of the Dutch
+      language can hardly be considered as positively fixed. A
+      witty writer and one who has <i>biographized</i> the Dutch
+      poets with some severity, but much talent, says&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Spell&mdash;"Wereld "&mdash;so sets up Siegenbeek, and
+          then
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Comes Bilderdyk, and flings it down again.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          He will have "Wareld"&mdash;'Tis a pretty quarrel
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Shall I determine who shall wear the laurel:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Not I!&mdash;I like them both&mdash;and so I'll say
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          "Waereld"&mdash;and each shall have his own dear way.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE MEXICAN NAVY
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Is in a most deplorable state. The difficulty of reducing the
+      Castle of San Juan de Ulloa led to the collection of some
+      gun-boats, a couple of sloops of war, and two or three armed
+      schooners. This number has since received the addition of a
+      line of battle ship, two frigates, and some other vessels of
+      war. Some English and American officers were engaged, but we
+      believe that all the former have left the service, and that
+      very few of the latter remain. Commodore Porter, of
+      vain-glorious memory, (who once wrote a book of Voyages,)
+      was, and may be still, the marine commandant, and
+      distinguished himself by threatening to blockade Cuba, and by
+      being obliged to skulk at Key West, to avoid destruction by
+      the gallant Laborde. The Mexicans require no navy, and cannot
+      maintain one; the sooner, therefore, they restrict it to a
+      very few revenue cutters the better. The nature of the
+      country and the destructive climate of the coast, diminish
+      greatly the necessity for keeping up a military establishment
+      for <i>external</i> defence. Foreign invasion can do little;
+      more is to be dreaded from internal
+      dissensions.&mdash;<i>Foreign Quarterly Review</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      A prudent host, who is not in the humour to submit to an
+      attack from "staunch topers," "who love to keep it up" as
+      <i>bons vivants</i>, whose favourite song is ever "<i>Fly not
+      yet</i>," will engage some sober friends to fight on his
+      side, and at a certain hour to vote for "no more wine," and
+      bravely demand "tea," and will select his company with as
+      much care as a chemist composes a neutral salt, judiciously
+      providing quite as large a proportion of alkali (tea men) as
+      he has of acid (wine men.) To adjust the balance of power at
+      the court of Bacchus, occasionally requires as much address
+      as sagacious politicians say is sometimes requisite to direct
+      the affairs of other courts.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To make the summons of the tea table serve as an effective
+      ejectment to the dinner table, let it be announced as a
+      special invitation from the lady of the house. It may be, for
+      example, "Mrs. Souchong requests the pleasure of your company
+      to the drawing-room." This is an irresistible mandamus.
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          And Folly in thought drowning revels delight,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Such worship soon loses its charms for the soul,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          When softer devotions our senses invite."
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          CAPTAIN MORRIS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <i>Dr. Kitchiner.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MAKING TEA.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It has been long observed that the infusion of tea made in
+      silver, or polished metal tea-pots, is stronger than that
+      which is produced in black, or other kinds of earthenware
+      pots. This is explained on the principle, that polished
+      surfaces retain heat much better than dark, rough surfaces,
+      and that, consequently, the caloric being confined in the
+      former case, must act more powerfully than in the latter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is further certain, that the silver or metal pot, when
+      filled a second time, produces worse tea than the earthenware
+      vessel; and that it is advisable to use the earthenware pot,
+      unless a silver or metal one can be procured sufficiently
+      large to contain at once all that may be required. These
+      facts are readily explained by considering, that the action
+      of heat retained by the silver vessel so far exhausts the
+      herb as to leave very little soluble substance for a second
+      infusion; whereas the reduced temperature of the water in the
+      earthenware pot, by extracting only a small proportion at
+      first, leaves some soluble matter for the action of a
+      subsequent infusion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The reason for pouring boiling water into the tea-pot before
+      the infusion of the tea is made, is, that the vessel being
+      previously warm, may abstract less heat from the mixture, and
+      thus admit a more powerful action. Neither is it difficult to
+      explain the fact why the infusion of tea is stronger if only
+      a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more be
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page431" name="page431"></a>[pg
+      431]</span> added some time afterwards; for if we consider
+      that only the water immediately in contact with the herb can
+      act upon it, and that it cools very rapidly, especially in
+      earthenware vessels, it is clear that the effect will be
+      greater where the heat is kept up by additions of boiling
+      water, than where the vessel is filled at once, and the fluid
+      suffered gradually to cool.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the infusion has once been completed, it is found that
+      any further addition of the herb only affords a very small
+      increase in the strength, the water having cooled much below
+      the boiling point, and consequently, acting very slightly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ibid.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE NATURALIST.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE HUMAN EAR.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The ear consists of three principal divisions, viz. the
+      external, intermediate, and internal ear. The different parts
+      of the first division, or external ear, are described by
+      anatomists under the name of the helix, antihelix, tragus,
+      antitragus, the lobe, cavitas innominata, the scapha, and the
+      concha. In the middle of the external ear is the meatus, or
+      passage, which varies in length in different individuals. The
+      external or outward ear is designed by nature to stand
+      prominent, and to bear its proportion in the symmetry of the
+      head, but in Europe it is greatly flattened by the pressure
+      of the dress; it consists chiefly of elastic cartilage,
+      formed with different hollows, or sinuosities, all leading
+      into each other, and finally terminating in the concha, or
+      immediate opening into the tube of the ear. This form is
+      admirably adapted for the reception of sound, for collecting
+      and retaining it, so that it may not pass off, or be sent too
+      rapidly to the seat of the impression. There have been a few
+      instances of men who had the power of moving the external ear
+      in a similar manner to that of animals; but these instances
+      are very rare, and rather deviations from the general
+      structure; nor did it appear in these instances that such
+      individuals heard more acutely: a proof that such a structure
+      would be of no advantage to the human subject. With respect
+      to the external ear in man, whether it is completely removed
+      either by accident or design, deafness ensues, although its
+      partial removal is not attended with this inconvenience: the
+      external ear, therefore, or something in its form to collect
+      sound, is a necessary part of the organ.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the
+      tympanum, mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. The tympanum
+      contains four small delicate bones, viz. the malleus, the
+      incus, the stapes, and the os orbiculare, joined to the
+      incus. The intermediate ear displays an irregular cavity,
+      having a membrane, called the membrana tympani, stretched
+      across its extremity; and this cavity has a communication
+      with the external air, through the Eustachian tube, which
+      leads into the fauces, or throat. The membrane of the
+      tympanum is intended to carry the vibrations of the
+      atmosphere, collected by the outward ear, to the chain of
+      bones which form the peculiar mechanism of the tympanum.
+      Besides the effect of the hard and bony parts of the ear in
+      increasing the power of sound, the tension of the different
+      membranes is also a requisite: thus various muscles are so
+      situated as to put the membrane on the stretch, that the
+      sound, striking upon it, may, from its tension, similar to
+      that of the parchment of a drum-head, have full influence
+      upon the sense. In respect to its tension, the membrane of
+      the tympanum may be also compared, not unaptly, to the string
+      of a violin, or musical instrument, even more properly than
+      to a drum; as the state of tension and relaxation in such
+      chords produces a variety of sound in the instrument, so, in
+      the same manner, circumstances, which affect the tension and
+      relaxation of the tympanum, vary most perceptibly its powers
+      of action, and the customary agency of the organ. Its four
+      bones act mechanically, in consequence of the power of the
+      local muscles: they strike like the key of an instrument, and
+      produce a percussion on the nerves of the tympanum. Not only
+      may the membrane of the tympanum be partially destroyed, and
+      hearing be preserved, but the small bones of the tympanum
+      have been in certain cases lost, or have come away, from
+      ulceration, and through a constitutional or other cause; but
+      in such cases it appears that the stapes was, in most
+      instances, left, and thus the openings of the fenestra ovata
+      and fenestra rotunda were preserved, which prevented the
+      escape of sound from the labyrinth and internal parts. With
+      respect to the Eustachian tube, its aperture into the throat
+      seems indispensable to hearing; and whenever closed, from
+      malconfirmation or disease, deafness is the certain
+      consequence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The third division of the organ is the internal ear, which is
+      called the labyrinth; it is divided into the vestibule, three
+      semicircular canals, and the cochlea: the whole are incased
+      within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The internal
+      ear may be considered as the actual seat of the organ; it
+      consists of a nervous expansion of high sensibility, the
+      sentient <span class="pagenum"><a id="page432"
+      name="page432"></a>[pg 432]</span> extremities of which
+      spread in every direction, and in the most minute manner;
+      inosculating with each other, and forming plexus, by which
+      the auricular sense is increased. Here, also, sound is
+      collected and retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea. To
+      this apparatus is added the presence of a fluid, contained in
+      sacs and membranes; as this fluid is in large quantities in
+      some animals, there is no doubt it is intended as an
+      additional means for enforcing the impression: the known
+      influence of water, as a powerful medium or conductor of
+      sound, strengthens this idea. The internal ear of man,
+      therefore, has all the known varieties of apparatus, which
+      are only partially present in other classes of the creation;
+      and its perfection is best judged of, by considering the
+      variety or form of the internal ear of other animals. The
+      internal ear of some animals consists of little more than a
+      sac of fluid, on which is expanded a small nervous pulp;
+      according to the situation of this, whether the creature
+      lives in water, or is partially exposed to the air, it has an
+      external opening with the ear, or otherwise.&mdash;<i>Lecture
+      delivered at the Royal Institution, May 30, 1828&mdash;by
+      J.H. Curtis, Esq</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE GATHERER.
+    </h2>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          SHAKSPEARE.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      POETICAL WILL
+    </h3>
+    <center>
+      <i>Of Nathaniel Lloyd, Esq. Twickenham, Middlesex</i>.
+    </center>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          What I am going to bequeath,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When this frail part submits to death;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          But still I hope the spark divine,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With its congenial stars shall shine.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          My good executors, fulfil }
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          I pray ye, fairly my goodwill }
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With first and second codicil, }
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And first, I give to dear Lord Hinton,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          At Twyford School, now not at Winton,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          One hundred guineas for a ring,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Or some such memorandum thing,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And truly much I should have blundered,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Had I not given another hundred
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To Vere, Earl Powlett's second son,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Who dearly loves a little fun.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Unto my nephew, Robert Langdon,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Of whom none says he e'er has wrong done,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Though civil law he loves to hash,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          I give two hundred pounds in cash.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          One hundred pounds to my niece, Tuder,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          (With loving eyes one Brandon view'd her,)
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And to her children just among 'em,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In equal shares I freely give them.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To Charlotte Watson and Mary Lee,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          If they with Lady Poulett be,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Because they round the year did dwell
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In Twickenham house, and served full well,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When Lord and Lady both did stray
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Over the hills and far away,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The first ten pounds, the other twenty,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And girls, I hope, that will content ye.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          This with my hand I write and sign,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The sixteenth day of fair October,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In merry mood, but sound and sober,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Past my three-score and fifteenth year,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With spirits gay, and conscience clear,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Joyous and frolicsome, though old,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And like this day, serene but cold,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To friends well wishing, and to friends most kind,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In perfect charity with all mankind.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      C.K.W.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      An Irish gentleman being accustomed to take a walk early
+      every morning, was met by an acquaintance, about ten o'clock,
+      who asking him if he had been taking his morning's walk, was
+      answered in the negative, but, added the honest Hibernian, "I
+      intend to take it in the afternoon."
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      W.G.C.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      A French writer having lampooned a nobleman, was caned by him
+      for his licentious wit; when, applying to the Duke of
+      Orleans, then Regent, and begging him to do him justice, the
+      duke replied, with a smile, "<i>Sir, it has been done
+      already</i>."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE<br />
+      <i>Following Novels is already Published</i>:
+    </p>
+    <pre>
+                                         s.       d.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling             0        6
+  Paul and Virginia                      0        6
+  The Castle of Otranto                  0        6
+  Almoran and Hamet                      0        6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia    0        6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne     0        6
+  Rasselas                               0        8
+  The Old English Baron                  0        8
+  Nature and Art                         0        8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield         0       10
+  Sicilian Romance                       1        0
+  The Man of the World                   1        0
+  A Simple Story                         1        4
+  Joseph Andrews                         1        6
+  Humphry Clinker                        1        8
+  The Romance of the Forest              1        8
+  The Italian                            2        0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                   2        6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                   2        6
+  Roderick Random                        2        6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho               3        6
+  Peregrine Pickle                       4        6
+</pre>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        We believe, in Evans's collection.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        It is only three miles from Oxford, and six or seven from
+        Abingdon.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        His general mode of murder was by poison; and it is said,
+        that he so perished himself.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+  <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 11350 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #11350 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/11350)
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction., by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction.
+       Volume XIII, No. 376, Saturday, June 20, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 28, 2004 [EBook #11350]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 376.] SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND.
+
+
+[Illustration: Exeter 'Change, Strand.]
+
+
+Who has not heard of Exeter 'Change? celebrated all over England for its
+menagerie and merchandize--wild beasts and cutlery--kangaroos and fleecy
+hosiery--elephants and minikin pins--a strange assemblage of nature and
+art--and savage and polished life.
+
+At page 69 of the present volume we have given a brief sketch of the
+"Ancient Site of the Exeter 'Change," &c.; showing how the magnificent
+house of Burleigh, where Queen Elizabeth deigned to visit her favourite
+treasurer--at length became a receptable for uncourtly beasts, birds, and
+reptiles, whilst the lower part became a little nation of shopkeepers,
+among whom shine conspicuous the parsimony and good fortune of Mr. Clarke,
+the cutler, who amassed here a princely fortune. But the march of
+improvement having condemned the whole of the building, "Exeter 'Change is
+removed to Charing Cross." Mr. Cross's occupation's gone, and the wild
+beasts have progressed nearer the Court by removing to the King's Mews.
+
+Surely such a place is worthy of preservation in a graphic sketch for THE
+MIRROR. Perhaps its wonders were once the goal of our wishes--to receive a
+long bill from the jolly yeoman at the door, to see the living wonders of
+the upper story, and be treated with a pocket knife or whistle-whip from
+the counters of the lower apartments, have probably at one period or other
+been grand treats. Yes, gentle reader, and two doors east of this world of
+wonders appeared the early numbers of the present Miscellany.
+
+Among the improvement projects, we hear that a building for the meetings
+of public societies is to occupy the above site.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+_June_ 10, 1829.
+
+
+Sir,--With your permission, I will attempt to describe the magnificent
+scene I witnessed on my ascent with Mr. G. Green, in his balloon, on
+Wednesday, June 10th, 1829; but I really want the power of language to
+depict its grandeur; for no poetic taste, or pencil of man, can unfold
+the splendid scene we enjoyed while traversing the ethereal regions.
+
+Having implicit confidence in the skill of Mr. Green I ascended with him
+from the Jamaica, Tea-gardens, Rotherhithe, amidst the acclamations of the
+multitude, whose forms and voices soon passed away; the busy hum of men
+(with us) ceased in a few seconds, and a solemn stillness reigned over the
+metropolis. The serenity of the evening threw a degree of solemnity over
+the scene, which had the effect of enchantment. We never lost sight of the
+earth, for our voyage was perfectly cloudless. The fields and buildings
+were all in miniature proportions, though most exquisitely depicted; and
+as Greenwich Hospital, the Tower of London, St. Paul's, &c. apparently
+receded from our view, the country succeeded, resembling one continued
+garden. The fields of wheat, &c. were beautifully defined, and the
+clearness of the atmosphere threw a sort of varnish (if I may use the term)
+over the whole face of nature. We had the Thames in view the whole of the
+time, which appeared like a rivulet of silver; but below Kingston Bridge,
+about half an hour after our ascent, the setting sun _gilded_ its surface
+with magnificent effect. The boats appeared like little pieces of cork.
+The Penitentiary, at Millbank, had the resemblance of a twelfth cake cut
+into quarters; St. Paul's and the Tower of London could be distinctly seen,
+the light falling happily upon their proportions. Old and New London
+Bridges, were like two feeble efforts of the works of man; and here we saw
+the triumph of nature over art, and the littleness of the great works of
+man. At one time, on nearing Battersea Bridge, we observed a small, black
+streak ascending from the surface of the Thames, which we concluded to be
+the smoke from a Richmond steam packet. At that time the course of the
+balloon was south-east, although the smoke above alluded to was driven
+towards the west. The air being so serene we felt no motion in the car,
+and we could only know we were quietly moving, from seeing the grappling
+irons (which hung from the car) pass over the earth rapidly from field
+to field; whilst the scene seemed to recede from our view like a moving
+panorama. At our greatest altitude a solemn stillness prevailed, and I
+cannot describe its awful grandeur and my excitement. We then let loose a
+pigeon, and having a favourable country below, we prepared to descend, and
+Mr. Green hailed some men with the cry of "we are coming down." I saw them
+run (though very small,) and we fell in a field of wheat, near Kingston,
+with scarcely any rebound; in fact a child might have alighted with safety.
+
+Thus, Mr. Editor, ended this short and rapid, but splendid voyage. On our
+alighting, Mr. Green wrote on a piece of paper our safe arrival, which he
+tied to the neck of a pigeon, and sent him off.
+
+Our greatest altitude did not exceed one mile and a quarter, in
+consequence, as Mr. Green informed me, of the density of the atmosphere,
+which would, at a greater elevation, have dimmed the splendour of the
+scene beneath us.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+[We thank our ingenious Correspondent for the previous description of
+his recent aerial voyage, as we are fully aware of the difficulty of
+describing such a magnificent scene as he must have witnessed in his
+ascent. During the whole voyage, he experienced nothing but sensations
+of delight; the atmosphere being only disturbed by very light wind, just
+sufficient to waft the aeronauts without any laborious management, and
+the time--evening--being beautifully serene. We thought ourselves richly
+rewarded by the view of the Colosseum Panorama, but what must have been
+their sensations at a distance of 6,600 feet high, when with the huge
+machine they appeared little more than a speck. The varnish, or glare,
+which our Correspondent describes, was that charming effect which we are
+wont to admire here, on earth, in evening scenes, especially when they
+are lit up by the splendour of the setting sun; but which must be doubly
+enchanting when viewed from so great an altitude. He likewise tells us
+that the landscape appeared to recede like a moving panorama, whilst the
+balloon seemed to be stationary; so that the scenic attempt at Covent
+Garden Theatre, a few years since, to illustrate a balloon ascent, by
+moving scenery, was in accordance with the real effect, though, we think,
+the theatrical attempt was not so appreciated at the time it was made. In
+conclusion, we congratulate our friend upon his splendid recreation, for
+such his ascent must have been.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PITY.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  What is pity?
+  'Tis virtue's essence,--'tis benevolence
+  Itself;--'tis mercy, justice, charity;
+  It is the rarest boon that man doth give to man;
+  It is the first perfection of our nature;
+  It is the brightest attribute of heav'n:
+  Without it man should rank beneath the brute;
+  And with it--he is little lower than angel.
+  The generous mite of penury is pity;
+  Nay, ev'n a look.--
+  Not so the heartless pittance of the affluent,
+  That is hypocrisy. If you pity,
+  Your heart is liberal to forgive,
+  Your memory to forget--
+  Your purse is open, and your hands are free
+  To help the penniless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE PENDRILS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Sir,--From a note which I have just seen at the foot of the interesting
+account of the escape of Charles the Second, in vol. v. of the MIRROR, the
+reader is led to conclude, that the pension granted to Richard Pendril,
+expired at his death. No such thing. Old Dr. Pendril lived, practised,
+and died at Alfriston, a little town in the east of Sussex, some forty or
+fifty years since. His son, John Pendril, died at Eastbourn, four or five
+years ago. His son, Mr. John Pendril, kept a public house at Lewes, a few
+years since, to which he added the appropriate sign of the "Royal Oak."
+All these in succession enjoyed the pension of ---- marks, granted by
+Charles the Second, together with something of a sporting character called
+"free warren." The last Mr. John Pendril was lately living at or near
+Brighton.
+
+W.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EATING "MUTTON COLD."
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Be good enough to insert the solution of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty in your
+last MIRROR, which I send at foot, and thereby oblige a constant
+
+SUBSCRIBER AND FRIEND.
+
+The solution, or attempt at solution, of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty as to what
+Goldsmith means in his poem "Retaliation" when he concludes his ironical
+eulogium on Edmund Burke, thus:--
+
+  "In short 'twas his fate, unemployed, or in place, sir,
+  To eat mutton cold, and cut blocks with a razor."
+
+
+By being "unemployed" it is presumed that he was not engaged in the
+ordinary avocations of life, or in other words was not engaged in those
+legitimate avocations which have for their object the procuring the means
+of subsistence for the masticator; but if it is meant to have a name of
+extensive meaning, the solution is unanswerable.
+
+Assuming the former to be Goldsmith's meaning, the answer to be given to
+the solution might be that eating mutton cold, is eating cold mutton in
+its cold state, cooked or uncooked; but if the more general meaning is
+insisted upon, I cannot see how the masticator is unemployed, as his jaws
+which form a most material part of himself--are set in full motion by the
+operation of eating--hence full employment is given them--and as much to
+the "he" who is the owner of such jaws.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+
+(_Continued from page 338_.)
+
+
+91. _Portrait of the late Earl of Kellie, Lord Lieutenant of the County of
+Fife._--D. Wilkie.--A noble portrait, painted for the County Hall, Cupar.
+
+92. _Night_.--H. Howard--An exquisite scene from Milton:--
+
+  "------------now glowed the firmament
+  With living sapphires: Hesperus that led
+  The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon,
+  Rising in clouded majesty, at length
+  Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light,
+  And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw."
+
+102. _Portrait of the Duchess of Richmond_.--Sir T. Lawrence.
+
+110. _Cardinals, Priests, and Roman Citizens washing the Pilgrims'
+Feet_.--D. Wilkie.--This ceremony takes place during the holy week, in
+the Convent of Santa Trinita dei Pelligrini; and Mr. Wilkie has infused a
+devotional character into this picture which is highly characteristic of
+Catholic solemnity.
+
+127. _Portrait of Jeremy Bentham_--H.W. Pickersgill.--An admirable
+likeness of the veteran-patriot and political economist.
+
+128. _The Defence of Saragossa_.--D. Wilkie.--The subject is so well
+explained in the Catalogue, that we quote it:--
+
+"The heroine Augustina is here represented on the battery, in front of the
+convent of Santa Engratia, where her husband being slain, she found her
+way to the station he had occupied, stept over his body, took his place
+at the gun, and declared she would herself avenge his death.
+
+"The principal person engaged in placing the gun is Don Joseph Palafox,
+who commanded the garrison during the memorable siege, but who is here
+represented in the habit of a volunteer. In front of him is the Reverend
+Father Consolaçion, an Augustin Friar, who served with great ability as
+an engineer, and who, with the crucifix in his hand, is directing at what
+object the cannon is to be pointed. On the left side of the picture is
+seen Basilico Boggiero, a priest, who was tutor to Palafox, celebrated for
+his share in the defence, and for his cruel fate when he fell into the
+hands of the enemy. He is writing a despatch to be sent by a carrier
+pigeon, to inform their distant friends of the unsubdued energies of the
+place."
+
+In this part of the room are half a dozen excellent portraits, all by
+different artists.
+
+149. _The Soldier's Wife_--W.F. Witherington.--This picture is from an
+anecdote of the late Duke of York. His Royal Highness, as he returned one
+day from a walk, observed a poor woman in tears, sent away from his house.
+On asking the servant who she was, he answered, "A beggar, some soldier's
+wife." "A soldier's wife!" returned his Royal Highness; "give her
+immediate relief: what is your mistress but a soldier's wife?"--An
+interesting picture, although we do not think the likeness of the
+benevolent Duke is very striking. However, the incident must have occurred
+a few years previous to his decease.
+
+157. _Lord Byron's Dream_.--C.L. Eastlake.--A rich oriental landscape,
+and a most delightful scene of desert stillness.
+
+172. _Portrait of Robert Southey, Esq._--Sir T. Lawrence--We hope the
+president's portrait will please the laureate, for he has been rather
+tenacious about his "likenesses" which have been engraved. The present is,
+perhaps, one of the most intellectual portraits in the room, but is too
+energetic even for the impassioned poet.
+
+181. _Queen Margaret of Anjou_, being defeated at the battle of Hexham,
+flies with the young prince into a forest, where she meets with robbers,
+to whose protection she confides her son.--H. P. Briggs.--This subject is
+by no means new in art, but is here cleverly treated, and the whole is
+very effective.
+
+214. _Othello and Desdemona_.--R. Evans.--Why is Othello in armour? Let
+Mr. Planché, in his _Costumes_, look to this.
+
+216. _Portrait of Miss Phillips, of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, as
+Juliet_.--H. E. Dawe.--This picture is entirely devoid of flattery; and
+is by no means a good likeness of the interesting original.
+
+224. _Roman Princess, with her Attendant, washing the female pilgrim's
+feet_.--D. Wilkie--An affecting picture of a truly devotional incident.
+
+246. _Camilla introduced to Gil Blas at the Inn_.--G. S. Newton.--This
+picture is considered to be Mr. Newton's _chef d'oeuvre_. The landlord is
+entering the chamber with a flambeau in his hand lighting in a lady, more
+beautiful than young, and very richly dressed; she is supported by an old
+squire, and a little Moorish page carries her train. The lankiness of
+Camilla is somewhat objectionable, but the head is exquisitely animated.
+The sentimentality of Gil Blas too, is excellent.
+
+293. _The Confessional--Pilgrims confessing in the Basilica of
+St. Peter's_.--D. Wilkie.--An interesting picture, though not equal to
+others by the same artist, in the present exhibition.
+
+322. _Hadleigh Castle. The mouth of the Thames--morning after a stormy
+night_--J. Constable--The picturesque beauty of this scene is spoiled by
+the spotty "manner of the artist."
+
+352. _Coronation of the Remains of Ines de Castro_.--G. St. Evie.--An
+attractive picture of one of the most extraordinary scenes in history.
+The remains of Dona Ines de Castro taken out of her tomb six years after
+the interment, when she was proclaimed queen of Portugal. This is an
+illustration of Mrs. Hemans's beautiful lines which we quoted in a recent
+number of the MIRROR.
+
+455. _Portrait of Mrs. Locke, sen_.--Sir T. Lawrence.--A Reubens-like
+portrait of a benevolent lady, and which we take to be an excellent
+likeness.
+
+592. _Portrait of John Parker, Esq. on his favourite horse Coroner, with
+the Worcestershire fox hounds_.--T. Woodward.--We can relate a curious
+circumstance connected with this picture. While in the room, a country
+gentleman and his lady inquired of us the subject--we turned to the number
+in the Catalogue, and gave him the desired information. "Ah," said he,
+"I was sure it was _Parker_, and told my wife the same, although I was not
+previously aware of his portrait being in the Exhibition." We should think
+the resemblance must be very striking.
+
+The _Antique Academy_ is almost covered with portraits, and the miniatures
+hang in cluster-like abundance--so that what with bright eyes and
+luxuriant tresses, this is not the least attractive of the rooms.
+
+In the _Library_ are several fine architectural drawings; among which is
+a view of Chatsworth, by Sir J. Wyatville, including, as we suppose, all
+the magnificent additions and improvements, now in progress there. Mr.
+Soane's Designs for entrances to the Parks and the western part of
+London, (which we alluded to in our No. 360,) are likewise here.
+
+In the _Model Academy_, Messrs. Chantrey and Westmacott have some fine
+groups, and Behnes three fine busts--the Duke of Cumberland, Princess
+Victoria, and Lady Eliz. Gower.
+
+It would be easy to extend this notice through the present and next
+number, but as other matters press, and as all the town go to Somerset
+House, we hope this notice will be sufficient; for it is not in our
+power to enumerate half the fine pictures in the Exhibition, much as we
+rejoice at this flourishing prospect of British art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MULREADY'S "WOLF AND LAMB."
+
+
+In a preceding number we stated that the copyright of this picture had
+been purchased for 1,000 guineas, and appropriated to the Artists' Fund,
+which a correspondent, and "a member of the Fund," informs us is not the
+fact. He assures us that the original picture was purchased some years
+since by his Majesty, who granted the loan of it to the society, at whose
+expense it was engraved; the sale of the prints producing 1,000_l_. to the
+Fund. Mr. Mulready has the merit of painting the picture and procuring the
+loan of it; but our version of the affair would make it appear otherwise.
+We copied our notice from the newspapers, where it was stated, as from the
+Lord Chancellor, at the Fund Dinner, that Mr. Mulready had relinquished
+his copyright to the picture for the benefit of the Fund, which had thus
+produced 1,000_l_.; but we thank our correspondent for his correction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *
+      *       *
+
+FIVE NIGHTS OF ST. ALBAN'S.
+
+
+This is a work of pure fiction, and is one of the most splendidly
+imaginative books we have met with for a long time. It is attributed to
+the author of the "First and Last" sketches in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+some of which have already been transferred to our pages. No further
+recommendation can be requisite; but to give the reader some idea of the
+vivid style in which the work is written, we detach two episodal extracts.
+
+
+THE IDIOT GIRL.
+
+
+When Peverell reached his own house, his man Francis met him with a
+strangely mysterious look and manner.
+
+"Here is one within," said he, "that will not, by any dint of persuasion,
+go; though I have been two good hours trying my skill to that end."
+
+"Who is it?" inquired Peverell.
+
+"That, neither, can I discover," quoth Francis. "She knocked at the
+door--it might be something after eleven, perhaps near upon twelve--and
+when I opened it, she whips into the hall without saying a word, walks
+into every room in the house--I following her, as a beadle follows a rogue,
+till he sees him beyond the parish bounds--and at last takes possession of
+your low chair, and, without so much as 'by your leave,' begins to wring
+her hands, and cry 'Lord! Lord!'--What do you want, good woman?" said I.
+But I might as well have addressed myself to the walls, for 'Lord! Lord!'
+was all her moan."
+
+Peverell hastened into the room, and there he saw poor Madge--her face
+buried in her hands, rocking to and fro, weeping most piteously, and as
+Francis had described, ever and anon calling upon the Lord, but in a tone
+of such utter wretchedness, that it pierced his very heart.
+
+He spoke to her. She started up at the sound of his voice, looked at him,
+and then mournfully exclaimed, while she pointed to the ground--"They have
+buried her!"
+
+"Then be comforted," said Peverell, in a kind and soothing voice; "your
+hardest trial is past."
+
+"What a churl he was!" continued Madge, not heeding the words of Peverell;
+"I only asked him to keep the grave open till to-morrow, and he denied me!
+Only till to-morrow--for then, said I, the cold earth can cover us both.
+But he denied me! So I fell upon my knees, beside my Marian's grave, and
+prayed that he might never lose a child, to know that blessedness of
+sorrow which lies in the thought of soon sleeping with those we have loved
+and lost! It was very wrong in me, I know, to wish to call down such
+affliction on him--but he denied me--and I had to hear the rattling dust
+fall upon her coffin--ay, and to see that dark, deep grave filled up; as
+if a mother might not have her own child!"
+
+"Poor afflicted creature!" exclaimed Peverell, in a half whisper to
+himself.
+
+"Yes!" said Madge, drying her tears with her hands. "Yes! I have walked
+with grief, for my companion in this world, through many a sad and weary
+hour. But I shook hands with her, and we parted, at the grave of Marian.
+I buried all my troubles there. What is the hour?"
+
+"Hard upon two," replied Peverell.
+
+"Then I must be busy," replied Madge, in a wild, hurried manner, and
+smiling at Peverell, with a look of much importance, as if what she had
+to do were some profound secret. "You'll not betray me, if I tell you?"
+she continued, taking his hand--"Feel!" and she placed it on her heart.
+"One, two; one, two; one, two--and so it goes on; it cannot beat beyond
+two! Oh, God! in what pain it is before it breaks!"
+
+She now returned to the chair from which she had risen, at the sound of
+Peverell's voice. He approached nearer; and (with a view rather to draw
+her gently from her own thoughts, than from any desire that she should
+leave his house,) he asked her "if she would go home?"
+
+"Yes," she replied; "bear with me yet a little while, and I'll go. It is
+near the time I promised Marian, when last I kissed her wintry cheek, as
+she lay shrouded in her coffin; and I may not fail. Lord! Lord! what a
+troubled and worthless world this seems to me now! A week ago, and the sun,
+and the moon, and the stars, and the green earth, and all that was upon it,
+were dear to mine eyes; and I should have wept to look my last at them!
+But now, I behold nothing it contains, save my Marian's grave! You will
+see _me_ laid in it, for pity's sake--won't you?"
+
+"Ay," said Peverell, "but that will be when I am gray, and thinking of my
+own: so, cheer up. He that shall toll the bell for thee, now sleeps in his
+cradle, I'll warrant."
+
+She beckoned Peverell to her, and taking his hand, she again placed it on
+her heart. A sad, melancholy smile played for a moment across her pale
+wrinkled face, and her glazed eyes kindled into a fleeting expressing of
+frightful gladness, as she feebly exclaimed, "Do you feel? One!--one!--one!
+--and hardly that--I breathe only from here," she continued, pointing to
+her throat. "Feel!--feel!--one!--one!--another!--how I gasp--see!--see--"
+
+She ceased to speak; the hand which retained Peverell's relaxed its
+hold--her head dropped--one long-drawn sigh was heaved--and poor Madge
+resigned a being touched with sympathies and feelings not often found
+in natures of nobler quality, in the world's catalogue of nobility. If,
+among the thousand doors which death holds open for mortal man to pass
+through, ere he puts on immortality, there be one, the rarest of them
+all, for broken hearts, this hapless creature found it. A self accusing
+spirit bowed her to the earth, with the sharpest of all griefs--a
+mother's anguish for an only child--lost to her, as gamesters lose
+fortunes--thrown away by her own hand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FITZMAURICE THE MAGICIAN.
+
+
+"_I have lived three hundred years!_ In that time--in all that time, I
+have never seen the glorious sun descend, but followed still its rolling
+course through the regions of illimitable space. I have shivered on the
+frozen mountains of the icy north, and fainted beneath the sultry skies of
+the blazing east: the swift winds have been my viewless chariot, and on
+their careering wings I have been hurried from clime to clime. But, nor
+light, nor air, nor heat, nor cold, have been to me as to the rest of my
+species; for I was doomed to find in their extremes a perpetual torment.
+I howled, under the sharp, pinching pangs of the icy north; I panted with
+agony, in the scorching fervour of the blazing east; and when mine eyes
+have ached, with vain efforts, to pierce the darkness of the earth's
+centre, they have been suddenly blasted with excessive and intolerable
+delight.
+
+"All the currents of human affection--all that makes the past delightful,
+the present lovely, and the future coveted, were dried up within me. My
+heart was like the sands of the desert, parched and barren. No living
+stream of hope, of gladness, or of desire, quickened it with human
+sympathies. It was a bleak and withered region, the fit abode of
+ever-during sorrow and comfortless despair. I was as a blighted tree, that
+perishes not at the root, but is withered in all its branches. Tears, I
+had none. One gracious drop, falling from my seared orbs, would have been
+the blessed channel of pent-up griefs that seemed to crush my almost
+frenzied brain. Sighs, I breathed not. They would have heaved from my
+bursting heart some of that misery, which loaded it to anguish. Sleep
+never came. I was denied the common luxury of the common wretched, to lose,
+in its sweet oblivion, its brief forgetfulness, the sense of what I was.
+Death, natural death, closed his many doors against me. All that lived,
+except myself--the persecuted, the weary, and the heavily laden of man's
+race--could find a grave! I, alone, looked upon the earth, and felt that
+it had no resting place for me! God! God! what a forlorn and miserable
+creature is man, when, in his affliction, he cannot say to the worm, I
+shall be yours! I might have cast away, indeed, the YENARKON--the Giver of
+Life--the elixir of the Sibyl--but that would have been to subject myself
+to a power of darkness, in whose fell wrath I should have suffered the
+casting away of mine eternal soul!
+
+"Thus the stream of time rolled on, burying beneath its dark waves, our
+little span of present, in the huge ocean of a perpetual past, and
+devouring, as the food of both, our swift decaying future. But I floated
+on its surface, and beheld whole generations flourish and fade away, while
+age and silver hairs, growing infirmities, and the closing sigh that ends
+them all, mocked me with a horrible exemption. I remained, and might have
+remained, for ages yet to come, the fixed and unaltered image of what I
+was, when in Mauritania I encountered the potent Amaimon, the damned
+magician of the den, but for that--woman's faith, and man's
+fidelity--which have made me what I AM!
+
+"This _was_ my destiny. Now mark, how I became enthralled to it; and how
+it befell, that at last I shook it off, and found redemption.
+
+"In my middle manhood, when scarcely forty summers had glowed within my
+veins, I left my native Italy, and journeyed to the Holy Land, upon the
+strict vow of a self-imposed penance. It was for no sin committed in my
+days of youth, but for the satisfaction of an ardent piety, and the
+growing spirit of a long enkindled devotion. I had patrimonial wealth in
+Apulia; I had kindred; I had friends. I renounced them all, to dedicate
+myself, thenceforth, to the service of THE CROSS. My purpose was blessed,
+by a virtuous mother's prayers, that I might approve myself a worthy
+soldier of Christ; and it was sanctified by a holy priest at the altar.
+
+"Even now, the recollection is strong within me, of the feelings with
+which, as the rising sun illumined the tops of the surrounding hills, I
+approached the once glorious, and still sacred, city of Jerusalem--that
+chosen seat of the Godhead--that Queen among the nations. Eclipsed, though
+it was, and its majestic head trodden into the dust, by the foot of the
+infidel, my gladdened eyes dwelt upon what was imperishable, and my wrapt
+imagination pictured what was destroyed. The valleys of Jehosaphat and
+Gehinnon, Mount Calvary, Mount Zion, and Mount Acre, stretched before me.
+The palace of King Herod, with its sumptuous halls of marble and of
+gold--the gorgeous Temple of Solomon--the lofty towers of Phaseolus and
+Mariamne--the palace of the Maccabees--the Hippodrome--the houses of many
+of the prophets--grew into existence again, beneath the creative force of
+fancy. I stood and wept. I knelt, and kissed the consecrated earth which
+once a Saviour trod."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"THE HUNTED STAG: A SKETCH.
+
+
+  What sounds are on the mountain blast?
+  Like bullet from the arbalast,
+  Was it the hunted quarry past
+    Right up Ben-ledi's side?--
+  So near, so rapidly he dash'd,
+  Yon lichen'd bough has scarcely plash'd
+    Into the torrent's tide.
+  Ay!--The good hound may bay beneath,
+    The hunter wind his horn;
+  He dared ye through the flooded Teith
+    As a warrior in his scorn!
+  Dash the red rowel in the steed,
+    Spur, laggards, while ye may!
+  St. Hubert's shaft to a stripling reed,
+    He dies no death to-day!
+
+  'Forward!'--Nay, waste not idle breath,
+  Gallants, ye win no green-wood wreath;
+  His antlers dance above the heath,
+    Like chieftain's plumed helm;
+  Right onward for the western peak,
+  Where breaks the sky in one white streak,
+  See, Isabel, in bold relief,
+  To Fancy's eye, Glenartney's chief,
+    Guarding his ancient realm.
+  So motionless, so noiseless there,
+  His foot on rock, his head in air,
+    Like sculptor's breathing stone!
+  Then, snorting from the rapid race,
+  Snuffs the free air a moment's space,
+  Glares grimly on the baffled chase,
+    And seeks the covert loan."
+
+
+"THE COMPLAINT OF THE VIOLETS.
+
+
+  By the silent foot of the shadowy hill
+    We slept in our green retreats,
+  And the April showers were wont to fill
+    Our hearts with sweets;
+  And though we lay in a lowly bower,
+    Yet all things loved us well,
+  And the waking bee left its fairest flower
+    With us to dwell.
+  But the warm May came in his pride to woo
+    The wealth of our virgin store,
+  And our hearts just felt his breath, and knew
+    Their sweets no more!
+  And the summer reigns on the quiet spot
+    Where we dwell--and its suns and showers
+  Bring balm to our sisters' hearts, but not--
+    Oh! not to _ours_!
+  We live--we bloom--but for ever o'er
+    Is the charm of the earth and sky:
+  To our life, ye heavens, that balm restore,
+    Or bid us die!"
+
+
+"THE FOUNTAIN: A BALLAD.
+
+
+  Why startest thou back from that fount of sweet water?
+    The roses are drooping while waiting for thee;
+  'Ladye, 'tis dark with the red hue of slaughter,
+    There is blood on that fountain--oh! whose may it be?'
+  Uprose the ladye at once from her dreaming,
+    Dreams born of sighs from the violets round,
+  The jasmine bough caught in her bright tresses, seeming
+    In pity to keep the fair prisoner it bound.
+  Tear-like the white leaves fell round her, as, breaking
+    The branch in her haste, to the fountain she flew,
+  The wave and the flowers o'er its mirror were reeking,
+    Pale as the marble around it she grew.
+  She followed its track to the grove of the willow,
+    To the bower of the twilight it led her at last,
+  There lay the bosom so often her pillow,
+    But the dagger was in it, its beating was past.
+  Round the neck of the youth a light chain was entwining,
+    The dagger had cleft it, she joined it again.
+  One dark curl of his, one of her's like gold shining,
+    'They hoped this would part us, they hoped it in vain.
+  Race of dark hatred, the stern unforgiving.
+    Whose hearts are as cold as the steel which they wear.
+  By the blood of the dead, the despair of the living,
+    Oh, house of my kinsman, my curse be your share!'
+  She bowed her fair face on the sleeper before her,
+    Night came and shed its cold tears on her brow;
+  Crimson the blush of the morning past o'er her,
+    But the cheek of the maiden returned not its glow.
+  Pale on the earth are the wild flowers weeping,
+    The cypress their column, the night-wind their hymn,
+  These mark the grave where those lovers are sleeping
+    Lovely--the lovely are mourning for them."
+
+_The Casket._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COUNTRY CHARACTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Country society has but little relief; and in proportion to intellectual
+refinement, this monotony appears to increase. We have always been
+favourable to Book Clubs in country towns, and about ten years since,
+established one in the anti-social town of ----. The plan worked well; its
+economy was admired, and extensively adopted all over England, but we
+heard little of its contributing to the social enjoyments of the people.
+Twenty families reading the same books, and these passed from house to
+house, among the respectability of the town, might have brought about
+a kind of consanguinity of opinion, and led to frequent interchange of
+civilities, meetings of the members at each others' houses, or at least
+a sort of how-d'ye-do acquaintance. The case was otherwise. The attorney
+and the doctor joined our society that their families of ten or twelve
+sons and daughters might keep under the sixpences and shillings of the
+circulating library; but they soon became jealous of _new books_, although
+they often returned them uncut and unread; and so far from knitting the
+bonds of acquaintance, we at last thought our plan served to estrange the
+members, by affording the little aristocracy frequent opportunities for
+venting their splenetic pride; the books were like _disjunctive
+conjunctions_, and when we left the place, the "society" did not promise
+to live another year.
+
+We could entertain ourselves, at least, with sketches of a few of the
+members of this disjointed body; but we must be content with one, and that
+shall be the _bookseller_ of the town.
+
+Imagine a man of middle height, rather inclined to obesity, and just
+turned of fifty-eight. He had a broad, low forehead, sunken eyes, an
+aquiline nose, a heavy, hanging lip, and a chin which buried its
+projections in ample and unclassical folds of neckerchief. He was bald,
+except a tuft on the _occiput_, or hinder part of his head, and on dress
+occasions he wore powder. He was a widower, his wife having been dead
+about ten years, leaving him two daughters, the amiability of whose
+dispositions was a painful contrast to the uneven temper of their father.
+He kept a good table, and had the best cellar of grape wine in the town,
+but entertained little company. His guests were usually the valets or
+butlers of the gentry in the neighbourhood; but the housekeepers were
+never invited by his daughters, a point of propriety in male and female
+acquaintanceship which amused us not a little. His business was of a most
+multifarious description, and besides the trades of bookseller, stationer,
+and druggist, he had a printing-office, and was, moreover, a self-taught
+printer, He was post-master and stamp sub-distributor, receiver of bail,
+and agent for insurances--little official appointments which would have
+made him mayor in a corporate town. Of late years, he seldom meddled with
+these matters of business; but tired of their common track, he struck out
+a course of life, which was neither public nor private, but made him a
+sort of oracle in the town, whose opinions were freely printed and
+gratuitously circulated, whilst the author was seldom seen except at
+vestry-meetings. In this way he acted as secretary to a benevolent society
+established by the gentry, and such was his enthusiasm that he gave his
+services and £200. worth of printing during the first year; and the
+Committee in return presented him with a handsome piece of plate with a
+complimentary inscription, which he had the modesty to keep locked up, and
+never to display even to his visiters. This proved him to be a benevolent
+man, and he would have been ten times more useful had not his charitable
+disposition been over tinged with oddity and caprice. His contact with
+the poor of the parish soon made him overseer, although his religious
+observances would not qualify him for churchwarden; for he only went
+to church at funerals, to which he was frequently invited, his staid
+appearance, and a certain air of gentility of which he was master, being
+in such cases no mean recommendation. Overseer and select vestryman, he
+printed the parish accounts, for the most part gratuitously, although the
+poor and even the better portion of the towns-people never gave him full
+credit for this generosity, conceiving that he was repaid by some secret
+services or funds. The oddity of his pursuits was only exceeded by their
+variety. In politics he was a disciple of Cobbett, and year after year,
+foretold a revolution, an alarm which he communicated to every one of his
+household. He took extreme interest in all new mechanical projects, but
+seldom indulged in the practical part of them. In wine-making he was once
+a very experimentalist, and studied every line of Macculloch and unripe
+fruit; next, he turned over every inch of his garden, analyzed the soil
+_à la_ Davy, and _salted_ all his growing crops. His cogitative habits led
+him to take long walks in the country, and he soon flew from horticultural
+chemistry to real farming; and about the same time took to road making and
+macadamization, and became a surveyor of the highways. But the trustees
+wanting to macadamize the miserably pitched street of the town, he
+bethought him of dust in summer and mud in winter, and drew up a long
+memorial to the lords of the soil, remonstrating with them on their
+impolitic conduct; but all in vain. It is curious, however, to reflect
+that what the people of a country town about ten years ago thought a curse
+to their roads should now be adopted in many of the principal London
+Streets. The last we heard of our bookseller's hobbies, was that he had
+bought the lease of a house for the sake of the large garden attached to
+it, and here, like Evelyn in his _Elysium Britannicum_, he passes his days
+in the primitive occupation of gardening.
+
+Our bookseller is a self-educated man, and in some pamphlets on the
+charitable institution to which we have alluded, are many of the errors
+of style peculiar to self-educated writers. Among his acquaintance we
+remember an attorney who practised in London, but had a small house in
+the town. He had been editor and proprietor of four or five morning and
+evening newspapers, and furnished our bookseller with all the news off
+'Change and about town. This friend and the journals were his oracles, and
+their influence he digested in morsels of political economy, so introduced
+into his pamphlets as not to offend the landed gentry of the neighbourhood.
+To them, it should be mentioned, he was a most useful personage, and his
+aid and auspices, were almost necessary to the success of any project for
+the interest of the town. The trades-people looked up to him; they would
+agree if Mr. ---- did, or they would wait his opinion.
+
+We have heard that he has been a gallant in his time; and more than once
+he has told little stories of dances and harvest homes, and merry meetings
+at the wealthy farmers' in the neighbourhood, of the moonlight walk home,
+and of his companions counting their won guineas on their return from an
+evening party--all of which throw into shade the social amusements of our
+artificial times. We have said that he kept a good table; for presents of
+game poured in from the gentlemen's bailiffs in the neighbourhood, fish
+from town to be repaid by summer visits, and if the fishmonger of the
+place was overstocked, the first person he sent to was our bookseller.
+Again, he would take a post-chaise, or the White Hart barouche, for a
+party of pleasure, when his neighbours would have been happy with a gig.
+He did not join, or allow his daughters to mix with them at the tradesman's
+ball, but they staid moping at home, because there was none between the
+gentry and trade. Yet the professional and little-fortune people
+cried ---- trade, and thus our bookseller belonged to neither class. The
+people of the place know not whether he is rich; he has been "making money"
+all his life-time say they, but he has "lived away." It is, however, to be
+regretted that they cannot settle the point, since they determine to a
+pound the income of every gentleman and lady in the neighbourhood, and,
+doff their hats according to the total.
+
+To sum up his character, he is just and sometimes generous; hospitable but
+not unostentatious; dictatorial and circumlocutory to excess in his
+conversation, and of an inquisitive turn of mind, and considering his
+resources, he is well informed and even clever in matters of the world; in
+short, he is a perfect pattern of the gentleman tradesmen of the present
+day.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EMIGRATION.
+
+
+A pamphlet of _Twenty-four Letters from Labourers in America to their
+Friends in England_, has lately reached our hands. These letters have been
+addressed by emigrants to their relatives in the eastern part of Sussex,
+and have been printed _literatim_. We are aware of the strong prejudice
+which exists against the practice of parishes sending off annually, a part
+of their surplus population to America; but some of the statements in
+these letters will stagger the _Noes_. We quote a few from letters written
+during the past year:
+
+
+_Brooklyn, Jan._ 14, 1828.
+
+John is at work as carpenter, for the winter; his Boss gives him 5_s_.
+a day, our money, which is little more than 2_s_. 6_d_, English money.
+They tell us that winter is a dead time in America; but we have found it
+as well and better than we expected. We can get good flour for 11_d_.
+English money; good beef for 2_d_. or 3_d_ do, and mutton the same
+price; pork about 4_d_.; sugar, very good, 5_d_.; butter and cheese is
+not much cheaper than in England; clothing is rather dear, especially
+woollen; worsted stockings are dear.
+
+
+_New Hereford, June_ 30, 1828.
+
+Dear Father and Mother,
+
+I now take the opportunity of writing to you since our long journey. But
+I am very sorry to tell you, that we had the misfortune to lose both our
+little boys; Edward died 29th April, and William 5th May; the younger died
+with bowel complaint; the other with the rash-fever and sore throat. We
+were very much hurt to have them buried in a watery grave; we mourned
+their loss; night and day they were not out of our minds. We had a
+minister on board, who prayed with us twice a day; he was a great comfort
+to us, on the account of losing our poor little children. He said, The
+Lord gave, and taketh away; and blessed be the name of the Lord. We should
+make ourselves contented if we had our poor little children here with us:
+we kept our children 24 hours. There were six children and one woman died
+in the vessel. Master Bran lost his wife. Mrs. Coshman, from Bodiam, lost
+her two only children. My sister Mary and her two children are living at
+Olbourn, about 80 miles from us. Little Caroline and father is living with
+us; and our three brothers are living within a mile of us. Brother James
+was very ill coming over, with the same complaint that William had. We
+were very sick for three weeks, coming over: John was very hearty, and
+so was father. We were afraid we should loose little Caroline; but the
+children and we are hearty at this time. Sarah and Caroline are often
+speaking of going to see their grandmother. Mary's children were all well,
+except little John; he was bad with a great cold. I have got a house and
+employ. I have 4_s_. a day and my board; and in harvest and haying I am to
+have 6_s_. or 7_s_. a day and my board. We get wheat for 7_s_. per bushel,
+of our money; that is about 3_s_. 7_d_. of your money; meat is about 3_d_.
+per pound; butter from 5_d_. to 6_d_.; sugar about the same as in England;
+shoes and clothes about the same as it is with you; tea is from 2_s_. 6_d_.
+3_s_. 6_d_. of your money; tobacco is about 9_d_. per pound, of your money;
+good whisky about 1_s_. 1_d_. per gallon; that is 2_s_. of your money.
+
+
+_Hudson State, New York, July_ 6, 1828.
+
+I must tell you a little what friends we met with when we landed in to
+Hudson; such friends as we never found in England; but it was chiefly from
+that people that love and fear God. We had so much meat brought us, that
+we could not eat while it was good; a whole quarter of a calf at once; so
+we had two or three quarters in a little time, and seven stone of beef.
+One old gentleman came and brought us a wagon load of wood, and two chucks
+of bacon; some sent flour, some bread, some cheese, some soap, some
+candles, some chairs, some bedsteads. One class-leader sent us 3_s_. worth
+of tin ware and many other things. The flowers are much here as yours;
+provision is not very cheap; flour is 1_s_. 7_d_. a gallon of this money,
+about 10_d_. of yours; butter is 1_s_., your money 6_d_.; meat from 2_d_.
+to 6_d_., yours 1_d_. to 3_d_.; sugar 10_d_. to 1_s_. yours 5_d_. and 6_d_.
+Tell father I wish I could send him nine or ten pound of tobacco; for it
+is 1_s_. a pound; I chaws rarely.
+
+
+_Constantia, Dec._ 2, 1828.
+
+Dear Children,
+
+I now write for the third time since I left old England. I wrote a letter,
+dated October 8th; and finding that it would have four weeks to lay, I was
+afraid you would not have it; and as I told you I would write the truth,
+if I was forced to beg my bread from door to door, so I now proceed.
+Dear children, I write to let you know that we are all in good health,
+excepting your mother; and she is now just put to bed of another son, and
+she is as well as can be expected. And now as it respects what I have got
+in America: I have got 12-1/2 acres of land, about half improved, and the
+rest in the state of nature, and two cows of my own. We can buy good land
+for 18_s_. per acre; but buying of land is not one quarter part, for the
+land is as full of trees as your woods are of stubs; and they are from
+four to ten rods long, and from one to five feet through them. You may buy
+land here from 18_s_. to 9_l_. in English money; and it will bring from 20
+to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and corn from 20 to 50 bushels per acre,
+and rye from 20 to 40 ditto. You may buy beef for 1-3/4_d_. per pound; and
+mutton the same; Irish butter 7_d_. per pound; cheese 3_d_.; tea 4_s_.
+6_d_.; sugar 7_d_. per pound; candles 7_d_.; soap 7_d_.; and wheat 4_s_.
+6_d_. per bushel; corn and rye 2_s_. per bushel. And I get 2_s_. 4_d_. a
+day and my board; and have as much meat to eat, three times a day, as I
+like to eat. But clothing is dear; shoes 8_s_.; half boots 16_s_.; calico
+from 8_d_. to 1_s_. 4_d_.; stockings 2_s_. 9_d_. to 3_s_. 6_d_.; flannel
+4_s_. per yard; superfine cloth from 4_s_. 6_d_. to 1_l_.; now all this is
+counted in English money. We get 4_s_. per day in summer, and our board;
+and if you count the difference of the money, you will soon find it out;
+8_s_. in our money is 4_s_. 6_d_. in your money.
+
+The reader will perhaps think we give only the "milk and honey" of these
+letters, but they bear the stamp of authenticity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KENILWORTH.
+
+
+Every body knows the delightful romance of Kenilworth,--a tragedy, of
+which the dramatis personae are the parties themselves, called up from
+their graves by the novelist magician. Students who attend St. Mary's
+Church, Oxford, still look out for the flat stone which covers the dust
+and bones of poor Amy, and could any sculptured effigies supply the place
+of the whole historical picture, then imagined in the mind's eye? More
+than once attracted by the old ballad,[1] we have, when undergraduates,
+walked to the "lonely towers of Cumnor Hall," fancied that we saw her
+struggle, and heard her screams, when she was thrown over the staircase
+(the traditional mode of her assassination,) and wondered how any man
+could have the heart to murder a simple lovesick pretty girl. Even now,
+in sorrow and in sadness, we read this account:--
+
+The unfortunate Amye Duddley (for so she subscribes herself in the
+Harleian Manuscript, 4712,) the first wife of Lord Robert Dudley, Queen
+Elizabeth's favourite, and after Amy's death Earl of Leicester, was
+daughter of Sir John Robsart. Her marriage took place June 4, 1550, the
+day following that on which her lord's eldest brother had been united to a
+daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and the event is thus recorded by King
+Edward in his Diary: "4. S. Robert dudeley, third sonne to th' erle of
+warwic, married S. John Robsartes daughter; after wich mariage ther were
+certain gentlemen that did strive who shuld first take away a gose's heade
+wich was hanged alive on tow crose postes." Soon after the accession of
+Elizabeth, when Dudley's ambitious views of a royal alliance had opened
+upon him, his countess mysteriously died at the retired mansion of Cumnor
+near Abingdon,[2] Sept. 8, 1560; and, although the mode of her death is
+imperfectly ascertained (her body was thrown down stairs, as a blind,)
+there appears far greater foundation for supposing the earl guilty of her
+murder, than usually belongs to such rumours, all her other attendants
+being absent at Abingdon fair, except Sir Richard Verney and his man. The
+circumstances, distorted by gross anachronisms, have been weaved into the
+delightful romance of "Kenilworth."
+
+Of the goose and posts, _we_ can suggest no better explanation than that
+the goose was intended for poor Amy, and the cross posts for the Protector
+Somerset, and his rival Dudley Duke of Northumberland, both of whom were
+bred to the devil's trade, ambition. Others may be possessed of more
+successful elucidation. At all events, it is plain that the people had a
+very suspicious opinion of Leicester, amounting to this, that he was a
+great rascal, who played a deep game, and stuck at nothing which he could
+do without danger to himself.[3]--_Gentleman's Magazine_.
+
+
+    [ 1] We believe, in Evans's collection.
+
+    [ 2] It is only three miles from Oxford, and six or seven from
+        Abingdon.
+
+    [ 3] His general mode of murder was by poison; and it is said, that
+        he so perished himself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MEXICAN MINES.
+
+
+It appears that, on an average of the fifteen years previous to the
+revolution, about twenty-two millions of dollars were exported, and that
+there was an accumulation of about two millions. Since the revolution,
+the exports have averaged 13,587,052 dollars, while the produce has
+decreased to eleven millions. This change was the natural consequence of
+the revolution. The favourable accounts of Humboldt excited a spirit of
+speculation that was wholly regardless of passing events; and the Act of
+Congress, facilitating the co-operation of foreigners with the natives,
+produced a mania which has been destructive to numberless individuals,
+who trusted too much to names. Seven English companies, with a capital
+of at least three millions, were established, and these were followed by
+two American, and one German, companies. Such was the rage for mining on
+the Royal Exchange, that for a time it was only necessary for any one
+to appear with contracts made with Mexican mine owners to establish a
+company. Many who were so ignorant as not even to know the difference
+between a shaft and a level, commenced speculators, not for the purpose
+of fairly earning a reward for doing some service to those to whom they
+offered their mines, but to fill their own purses without reference to
+consequences. Such a system of unprincipled conduct could not last;
+almost all the minor performers have been driven from the stage, and the
+respectable associations alone maintain their footing, though the want
+of returns for the immense sums invested has tended to produce a general
+want of confidence.
+
+Since these enterprises have been undertaken, an immense and fruitless
+expenditure has been incurred by sending out machinery, which could be
+of no earthly use--by despising the native processes, and substituting
+others that have been found wholly inapplicable--and by introducing
+British labourers, who when abroad reverse all the good qualities for
+which they are valuable at home. A reform in this system we believe to
+have been generally adopted, and we are sure that a reduction of
+expense, a management purely European, and native labour, with only such
+modifications in working, smelting, or amalgamating, as experience will
+prove to be advantageous, will, in a moderate time, return the capital
+already expended, with a commensurate advantage. But these things can
+only take place provided the public tranquillity be maintained, and the
+government keep their engagements with foreigners inviolate. The
+insecurity arising from the domestic feuds now disturbing this fine
+country, must, if it continues, finally annihilate its best
+resources.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Of the abhorrence with which the Dutch regard the French tongue, the
+following lines of Bilderdyk are an amusing example:--
+
+  Begone, thou bastard-tongue! so base--so broken--
+  By human jackals and hyaenas spoken;
+  Formed for a race of infidels, and fit
+  To laugh at truth--and scepticize in wit;
+  What stammering, snivelling sounds, which scarcely dare,
+  Bravely through nasal channels meet the ear--
+  Yet helped by apes' grimaces--and the devil,
+  Have ruled the world, and ruled the world for evil!
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COALS.
+
+
+One of the pamphlets of the age of the Commonwealth is said, in the
+title-page, to be
+
+          Printed in the year
+  That sea-coal was exceeding dear.
+
+
+The remembrance of this inconvenience, which the Londoners had suffered
+during the stoppage of their supply from Newcastle, made "the committees
+of both kingdoms conclude and agree among themselves, that some of the
+most notorious delinquents and malignants, late coal-owners in the town
+of Newcastle, be wholly excluded from intermeddling with any shares or
+parts of colleries;" "but as the parliament might find a difficulty in
+_driving on the trade_, they did not conceive it for their service to
+put out all the said malignants at once, but were rather constrained,
+for the present, to make use of those delinquents in working their own
+collieries as tenants and servants." The more stubborn and _wealthy_,
+therefore, were selected for example; and the others had this favour
+shown them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LADY-POETS OF ENGLAND.
+
+
+The following is a Frenchman's expression of homage to our modern female
+poets, in which we excel all the world:--
+
+It is remarkable, that in the latter years of the eighteenth century, and
+also during the whole course of our revolution, there appeared in England
+a whole school, as it were, of female authors, whose pure and graceful
+productions are disfigured by no exaggerations, nor are they of that
+sombre character which distinguishes the modern literature of their
+country. Of the lady-authors of England, the most celebrated is Lady
+Wortley Montagu, the contemporary of Pope, who has left poems, but more
+especially letters, highly remarkable for their talent and philosophy. It
+is impossible to give here the names of the authoresses who appeared all
+on a sudden about half a century after Lady Wortley Montagu. One of the
+earliest of them was a lady of the same name, Mrs. E. Montagu, the author
+of the Essays on Shakspeare, and Mrs. Anna Laetitia Barbauld, who wrote
+numerous poems and admirable hymns for children. There is great beauty in
+the Epistle of Mrs. Barbauld to Wilberforce, on the subject of the
+Abolition of the Slave Trade (1781.) Mrs. Hannah More has also written
+several works of _religious fiction_, and above all, some charming poems;
+Florio (1786,) and the Blue Stocking, or Conversation. The Blue Stocking
+is a burlesque name given to a lady's coterie, in which several females
+attempted to start a sort of _bureau d'esprit_ under the direction of
+Mesdames Robinson and Piozzi, a coterie innocent enough, but which excited
+the wrath of Mr. Gifford, the Editor of the _Quarterly Review_, who
+fulminated against it several satires in excessively bad taste, and
+written in a tone of disgusting pedantry. The verses of Mr. Gifford are
+infinitely more ridiculous than those he pretends to correct. Amongst the
+English ladies who have written romance, Miss Edgeworth, Mrs. Inchbald,
+and Lady Morgan, are worthy of especial note. Several ladies, without
+having written works of great importance, have still produced poetical
+pieces of graceful beauty; in this number it is but justice to distinguish
+Mrs. Opie. And lastly, in order to finish this hasty catalogue, we may
+remark that there have appeared in England, in our days, several ladies of
+a high order of literary, poetical, and at the same time, philosophical
+talent. Lady Morgan herself has contrived to mix up history and romance
+in her writings, with great ability; but among the ladies, who inscribed
+their fame on monuments more durable than romantic stories, we must select
+for honourable mention the names of Joanna Baillie, Aikin, Benger, and
+Helen Maria Williams. Miss Baillie, sister of the celebrated Dr. Baillie,
+the physician, is a woman of the highest talent. It is not your pretty
+nothings, your elegant trifles, which occupy her genius; on the contrary,
+she has attempted in a series of dramatic pieces, to paint the most
+energetic passion of the human heart; and her pieces, written in the most
+elevated and _Shakspearian_ tone, will always be regarded as the work of a
+superior mind. John Kemble, in the part of _Montfort_, reached the sublime
+of agony. In the writings of Miss Baillie there is a combination of the
+solemn and the poetical, which is rarely observed in women. Miss Aikin has
+written some charming poems, far more beautiful than any I have met with
+in the writings of Miss Landon and Miss Mitford. The _Mouse's Petition_,
+by Miss Aikin, is a _chef-d'oeuvre_. Miss Benger has published some
+historical works of great interest, which place her in the same line with
+Miss Aikin. Lastly, there is Helen Maria Williams, whose muse, half
+English, half French, has published poems, sonnets, and other pieces of
+verse, besides several political and historical works. This superior woman,
+at the same time that she gave birth, under the influence of sensibility
+and fancy, to works of inspiration, portrayed the details of the events of
+the French revolution, in the centre of which she threw herself, in 1792,
+from pure enthusiasm for liberty.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AMERICAN LAW.
+
+
+"No commentator," says Judge Hall, in his Letters from the West, "has
+taken any notice of _Linch's Law_, which was once the _lex loci_ of
+the frontiers. Its operation was as follows:--When a horse thief, a
+counterfeiter, or any other desperate vagabond, infested a neighbourhood,
+evading justice by cunning, or by a strong arm, or by the number of his
+confederates, the citizens formed themselves into a "_regulating company_,"
+a kind of holy brotherhood, whose duty was to purge the community of its
+unruly members. Mounted, armed, and commanded by a leader, they proceeded
+to arrest such notorious offenders as were deemed fit subjects of
+exemplary justice; their operations were generally carried on in the night.
+Squire Birch, who was personated by one of the party, established his
+tribunal under a tree in the woods, and the culprit was brought before him,
+tried, and generally convicted; he was then tied to a tree, lashed without
+mercy, and ordered to leave the country within a given time, under pain of
+a second visitation. It seldom happened that more than one or two were
+thus punished; their confederates took the hint and fled, or were
+admonished to quit the neighbourhood."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONUMENTAL ALTERATION.
+
+
+The following odd story is related respecting a monument in a chapel,
+adjoining _Stene_, a fine family seat in the north:--The sculptor, in that
+vile taste which seems to have originated in an unhappy design of making
+every thing connected with the grave revolting to our feelings, had
+ornamented this monument with "a very ghastly, grinning alabaster skull;"
+and the bishop one day expressed a wish to his domestic chaplain, Dr. Grey,
+that it had not been placed there. Grey, upon this, sent to Banbury for
+the sculptor, and consulted with him whether it was not possible to
+convert it into a soothing, instead of a painful object. After some
+consideration, the artist declared that the only thing into which he could
+possibly convert it was--a bunch of grapes! and accordingly, at this day,
+a bunch of grapes may be seen upon the monument; for the chapel, which for
+a time had been abandoned to the rooks and daws who built their nests
+among the monuments, has been repaired, and is now united to the rectory
+of Hinton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is easier to induce people to follow than to set an example--however
+good it may be both for themselves and others, most men have a silly
+squeamishness about proposing an adjournment from the dinner table. The
+host, fearing that his guest may take it for a token that he loves his
+wine better than his friends, is obliged to feign an unwillingness to
+leave the bottle, and, as Sponge says--"In good truth, 'tis impossible,
+nay, I say it is impudent, to contradict any gentleman at his own table;
+the president is always the wisest man in the party."
+
+  "Be of our patron's mind, whate'er he says;
+  Sleep very much, think little, and talk less;
+  Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong,
+  But eat your pudding, fool, and hold your tongue."
+
+MAT. PRIOR.
+
+Therefore his friends, unless a special commission be given to them for
+that purpose, feel unwilling to break the gay circle of conviviality, and
+are individually shy of asking for what almost every one
+wishes.--_Kitchiner_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Though much has been done, the orthography of the Dutch language can
+hardly be considered as positively fixed. A witty writer and one who has
+_biographized_ the Dutch poets with some severity, but much talent, says--
+
+  Spell--"Wereld "--so sets up Siegenbeek, and then
+  Comes Bilderdyk, and flings it down again.
+  He will have "Wareld"--'Tis a pretty quarrel
+  Shall I determine who shall wear the laurel:
+  Not I!--I like them both--and so I'll say
+  "Waereld"--and each shall have his own dear way.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE MEXICAN NAVY
+
+
+Is in a most deplorable state. The difficulty of reducing the Castle of
+San Juan de Ulloa led to the collection of some gun-boats, a couple of
+sloops of war, and two or three armed schooners. This number has since
+received the addition of a line of battle ship, two frigates, and some
+other vessels of war. Some English and American officers were engaged,
+but we believe that all the former have left the service, and that very
+few of the latter remain. Commodore Porter, of vain-glorious memory,
+(who once wrote a book of Voyages,) was, and may be still, the marine
+commandant, and distinguished himself by threatening to blockade Cuba,
+and by being obliged to skulk at Key West, to avoid destruction by the
+gallant Laborde. The Mexicans require no navy, and cannot maintain one;
+the sooner, therefore, they restrict it to a very few revenue cutters
+the better. The nature of the country and the destructive climate of
+the coast, diminish greatly the necessity for keeping up a military
+establishment for _external_ defence. Foreign invasion can do little;
+more is to be dreaded from internal dissensions.--_Foreign Quarterly
+Review_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A prudent host, who is not in the humour to submit to an attack from
+"staunch topers," "who love to keep it up" as _bons vivants_, whose
+favourite song is ever "_Fly not yet_," will engage some sober friends
+to fight on his side, and at a certain hour to vote for "no more wine,"
+and bravely demand "tea," and will select his company with as much care
+as a chemist composes a neutral salt, judiciously providing quite as
+large a proportion of alkali (tea men) as he has of acid (wine men.)
+To adjust the balance of power at the court of Bacchus, occasionally
+requires as much address as sagacious politicians say is sometimes
+requisite to direct the affairs of other courts.
+
+To make the summons of the tea table serve as an effective ejectment to
+the dinner table, let it be announced as a special invitation from the
+lady of the house. It may be, for example, "Mrs. Souchong requests the
+pleasure of your company to the drawing-room." This is an irresistible
+mandamus.
+
+  "Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl,
+    And Folly in thought drowning revels delight,
+  Such worship soon loses its charms for the soul,
+    When softer devotions our senses invite."
+
+CAPTAIN MORRIS.
+
+_Dr. Kitchiner._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING TEA.
+
+
+It has been long observed that the infusion of tea made in silver, or
+polished metal tea-pots, is stronger than that which is produced in black,
+or other kinds of earthenware pots. This is explained on the principle,
+that polished surfaces retain heat much better than dark, rough surfaces,
+and that, consequently, the caloric being confined in the former case,
+must act more powerfully than in the latter.
+
+It is further certain, that the silver or metal pot, when filled a second
+time, produces worse tea than the earthenware vessel; and that it is
+advisable to use the earthenware pot, unless a silver or metal one can be
+procured sufficiently large to contain at once all that may be required.
+These facts are readily explained by considering, that the action of heat
+retained by the silver vessel so far exhausts the herb as to leave very
+little soluble substance for a second infusion; whereas the reduced
+temperature of the water in the earthenware pot, by extracting only a
+small proportion at first, leaves some soluble matter for the action of
+a subsequent infusion.
+
+The reason for pouring boiling water into the tea-pot before the infusion
+of the tea is made, is, that the vessel being previously warm, may
+abstract less heat from the mixture, and thus admit a more powerful action.
+Neither is it difficult to explain the fact why the infusion of tea is
+stronger if only a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more
+be added some time afterwards; for if we consider that only the water
+immediately in contact with the herb can act upon it, and that it cools
+very rapidly, especially in earthenware vessels, it is clear that the
+effect will be greater where the heat is kept up by additions of boiling
+water, than where the vessel is filled at once, and the fluid suffered
+gradually to cool.
+
+When the infusion has once been completed, it is found that any further
+addition of the herb only affords a very small increase in the strength,
+the water having cooled much below the boiling point, and consequently,
+acting very slightly.
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HUMAN EAR.
+
+
+The ear consists of three principal divisions, viz. the external,
+intermediate, and internal ear. The different parts of the first division,
+or external ear, are described by anatomists under the name of the helix,
+antihelix, tragus, antitragus, the lobe, cavitas innominata, the scapha,
+and the concha. In the middle of the external ear is the meatus, or
+passage, which varies in length in different individuals. The external
+or outward ear is designed by nature to stand prominent, and to bear
+its proportion in the symmetry of the head, but in Europe it is greatly
+flattened by the pressure of the dress; it consists chiefly of elastic
+cartilage, formed with different hollows, or sinuosities, all leading into
+each other, and finally terminating in the concha, or immediate opening
+into the tube of the ear. This form is admirably adapted for the reception
+of sound, for collecting and retaining it, so that it may not pass off, or
+be sent too rapidly to the seat of the impression. There have been a few
+instances of men who had the power of moving the external ear in a similar
+manner to that of animals; but these instances are very rare, and rather
+deviations from the general structure; nor did it appear in these
+instances that such individuals heard more acutely: a proof that such a
+structure would be of no advantage to the human subject. With respect
+to the external ear in man, whether it is completely removed either by
+accident or design, deafness ensues, although its partial removal is
+not attended with this inconvenience: the external ear, therefore, or
+something in its form to collect sound, is a necessary part of the organ.
+
+The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the tympanum,
+mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. The tympanum contains four small
+delicate bones, viz. the malleus, the incus, the stapes, and the os
+orbiculare, joined to the incus. The intermediate ear displays an
+irregular cavity, having a membrane, called the membrana tympani,
+stretched across its extremity; and this cavity has a communication with
+the external air, through the Eustachian tube, which leads into the fauces,
+or throat. The membrane of the tympanum is intended to carry the
+vibrations of the atmosphere, collected by the outward ear, to the chain
+of bones which form the peculiar mechanism of the tympanum. Besides the
+effect of the hard and bony parts of the ear in increasing the power of
+sound, the tension of the different membranes is also a requisite: thus
+various muscles are so situated as to put the membrane on the stretch,
+that the sound, striking upon it, may, from its tension, similar to that
+of the parchment of a drum-head, have full influence upon the sense. In
+respect to its tension, the membrane of the tympanum may be also compared,
+not unaptly, to the string of a violin, or musical instrument, even more
+properly than to a drum; as the state of tension and relaxation in such
+chords produces a variety of sound in the instrument, so, in the same
+manner, circumstances, which affect the tension and relaxation of the
+tympanum, vary most perceptibly its powers of action, and the customary
+agency of the organ. Its four bones act mechanically, in consequence of
+the power of the local muscles: they strike like the key of an instrument,
+and produce a percussion on the nerves of the tympanum. Not only may the
+membrane of the tympanum be partially destroyed, and hearing be preserved,
+but the small bones of the tympanum have been in certain cases lost, or
+have come away, from ulceration, and through a constitutional or other
+cause; but in such cases it appears that the stapes was, in most instances,
+left, and thus the openings of the fenestra ovata and fenestra rotunda
+were preserved, which prevented the escape of sound from the labyrinth and
+internal parts. With respect to the Eustachian tube, its aperture into
+the throat seems indispensable to hearing; and whenever closed, from
+malconfirmation or disease, deafness is the certain consequence.
+
+The third division of the organ is the internal ear, which is called the
+labyrinth; it is divided into the vestibule, three semicircular canals,
+and the cochlea: the whole are incased within the petrous portion of the
+temporal bone. The internal ear may be considered as the actual seat of
+the organ; it consists of a nervous expansion of high sensibility, the
+sentient extremities of which spread in every direction, and in the most
+minute manner; inosculating with each other, and forming plexus, by which
+the auricular sense is increased. Here, also, sound is collected and
+retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea. To this apparatus is added the
+presence of a fluid, contained in sacs and membranes; as this fluid is in
+large quantities in some animals, there is no doubt it is intended as an
+additional means for enforcing the impression: the known influence of
+water, as a powerful medium or conductor of sound, strengthens this idea.
+The internal ear of man, therefore, has all the known varieties of
+apparatus, which are only partially present in other classes of the
+creation; and its perfection is best judged of, by considering the variety
+or form of the internal ear of other animals. The internal ear of some
+animals consists of little more than a sac of fluid, on which is expanded
+a small nervous pulp; according to the situation of this, whether the
+creature lives in water, or is partially exposed to the air, it has an
+external opening with the ear, or otherwise.--_Lecture delivered at the
+Royal Institution, May 30, 1828--by J.H. Curtis, Esq_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POETICAL WILL
+
+_Of Nathaniel Lloyd, Esq. Twickenham, Middlesex_.
+
+
+  What I am going to bequeath,
+  When this frail part submits to death;
+  But still I hope the spark divine,
+  With its congenial stars shall shine.
+  My good executors, fulfil      }
+  I pray ye, fairly my goodwill  }
+  With first and second codicil, }
+  And first, I give to dear Lord Hinton,
+  At Twyford School, now not at Winton,
+  One hundred guineas for a ring,
+  Or some such memorandum thing,
+  And truly much I should have blundered,
+  Had I not given another hundred
+  To Vere, Earl Powlett's second son,
+  Who dearly loves a little fun.
+  Unto my nephew, Robert Langdon,
+  Of whom none says he e'er has wrong done,
+  Though civil law he loves to hash,
+  I give two hundred pounds in cash.
+  One hundred pounds to my niece, Tuder,
+  (With loving eyes one Brandon view'd her,)
+  And to her children just among 'em,
+  In equal shares I freely give them.
+  To Charlotte Watson and Mary Lee,
+  If they with Lady Poulett be,
+  Because they round the year did dwell
+  In Twickenham house, and served full well,
+  When Lord and Lady both did stray
+  Over the hills and far away,
+  The first ten pounds, the other twenty,
+  And girls, I hope, that will content ye.
+  In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine,
+  This with my hand I write and sign,
+  The sixteenth day of fair October,
+  In merry mood, but sound and sober,
+  Past my three-score and fifteenth year,
+  With spirits gay, and conscience clear,
+  Joyous and frolicsome, though old,
+  And like this day, serene but cold,
+  To friends well wishing, and to friends most kind,
+  In perfect charity with all mankind.
+
+C.K.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+An Irish gentleman being accustomed to take a walk early every morning,
+was met by an acquaintance, about ten o'clock, who asking him if he had
+been taking his morning's walk, was answered in the negative, but, added
+the honest Hibernian, "I intend to take it in the afternoon."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A French writer having lampooned a nobleman, was caned by him for his
+licentious wit; when, applying to the Duke of Orleans, then Regent, and
+begging him to do him justice, the duke replied, with a smile, "_Sir, it
+has been done already_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE
+_Following Novels is already Published_:
+
+                                        _s_.       _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling             0          6
+  Paul and Virginia                      0          6
+  The Castle of Otranto                  0          6
+  Almoran and Hamet                      0          6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia    0          6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne     0          6
+  Rasselas                               0          8
+  The Old English Baron                  0          8
+  Nature and Art                         0          8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield         0         10
+  Sicilian Romance                       1          0
+  The Man of the World                   1          0
+  A Simple Story                         1          4
+  Joseph Andrews                         1          6
+  Humphry Clinker                        1          8
+  The Romance of the Forest              1          8
+  The Italian                            2          0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Roderick Random                        2          6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho               3          6
+  Peregrine Pickle                       4          6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction., by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+    content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Mirror of Literature, Issue 376.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
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+
+    span.pagenum         {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt;}
+
+    .poem                {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+    .poem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+    .poem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+    .poem p.i2           {margin-left: 1em;}
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+    .figure              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em; margin: auto;}
+    .figure img          {border: none;}
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+  </head>
+  <body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction., by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction.
+       Volume XIII, No. 376, Saturday, June 20, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 28, 2004 [EBook #11350]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <span class="pagenum"><a id="page417" name="page417"></a>[pg
+    417]</span>
+    <h1>
+      THE MIRROR<br />
+       OF<br />
+       LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+    </h1>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <table width="100%" summary="Banner">
+      <tr>
+        <td align="left">
+          <b>VOL. XII, NO. 376.]</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="center">
+          <b>SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1829.</b>
+        </td>
+        <td align="right">
+          <b>[PRICE 2d.</b>
+        </td>
+      </tr>
+    </table>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND.
+    </h2>
+    <div class="figure" style="width: 100%;">
+      <a href="images/376-1.png"><img width="100%"
+      src="images/376-1.png" alt="Exeter 'Change, Strand." /></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Who has not heard of Exeter 'Change? celebrated all over
+      England for its menagerie and merchandize&mdash;wild beasts
+      and cutlery&mdash;kangaroos and fleecy
+      hosiery&mdash;elephants and minikin pins&mdash;a strange
+      assemblage of nature and art&mdash;and savage and polished
+      life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At page 69 of the present volume we have given a brief sketch
+      of the "Ancient Site of the Exeter 'Change," &amp;c.; showing
+      how the magnificent house of Burleigh, where Queen Elizabeth
+      deigned to visit her favourite treasurer&mdash;at length
+      became a receptable for uncourtly beasts, birds, and
+      reptiles, whilst the lower part became a little nation of
+      shopkeepers, among whom shine conspicuous the parsimony and
+      good fortune of Mr. Clarke, the cutler, who amassed here a
+      princely fortune. But the march of improvement having
+      condemned the whole of the building, "Exeter 'Change is
+      removed to Charing Cross." Mr. Cross's occupation's gone, and
+      the wild beasts have progressed nearer the Court by removing
+      to the King's Mews.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Surely such a place is worthy of preservation in a graphic
+      sketch for THE MIRROR. Perhaps its wonders were once the goal
+      of our wishes&mdash;to receive a long bill from the jolly
+      yeoman at the door, to see the living wonders of the upper
+      story, and be treated with a pocket knife or whistle-whip
+      from the counters of the lower apartments, have probably at
+      one period or other been grand treats. Yes, gentle reader,
+      and two doors east of this world of wonders appeared the
+      early numbers of the present Miscellany.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the improvement projects, we hear that a building for
+      the meetings of public societies is to occupy the above site.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page418" name="page418"></a>[pg
+      418]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>June</i> 10, 1829.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sir,&mdash;With your permission, I will attempt to describe
+      the magnificent scene I witnessed on my ascent with Mr. G.
+      Green, in his balloon, on Wednesday, June 10th, 1829; but I
+      really want the power of language to depict its grandeur; for
+      no poetic taste, or pencil of man, can unfold the splendid
+      scene we enjoyed while traversing the ethereal regions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Having implicit confidence in the skill of Mr. Green I
+      ascended with him from the Jamaica, Tea-gardens, Rotherhithe,
+      amidst the acclamations of the multitude, whose forms and
+      voices soon passed away; the busy hum of men (with us) ceased
+      in a few seconds, and a solemn stillness reigned over the
+      metropolis. The serenity of the evening threw a degree of
+      solemnity over the scene, which had the effect of
+      enchantment. We never lost sight of the earth, for our voyage
+      was perfectly cloudless. The fields and buildings were all in
+      miniature proportions, though most exquisitely depicted; and
+      as Greenwich Hospital, the Tower of London, St. Paul's,
+      &amp;c. apparently receded from our view, the country
+      succeeded, resembling one continued garden. The fields of
+      wheat, &amp;c. were beautifully defined, and the clearness of
+      the atmosphere threw a sort of varnish (if I may use the
+      term) over the whole face of nature. We had the Thames in
+      view the whole of the time, which appeared like a rivulet of
+      silver; but below Kingston Bridge, about half an hour after
+      our ascent, the setting sun <i>gilded</i> its surface with
+      magnificent effect. The boats appeared like little pieces of
+      cork. The Penitentiary, at Millbank, had the resemblance of a
+      twelfth cake cut into quarters; St. Paul's and the Tower of
+      London could be distinctly seen, the light falling happily
+      upon their proportions. Old and New London Bridges, were like
+      two feeble efforts of the works of man; and here we saw the
+      triumph of nature over art, and the littleness of the great
+      works of man. At one time, on nearing Battersea Bridge, we
+      observed a small, black streak ascending from the surface of
+      the Thames, which we concluded to be the smoke from a
+      Richmond steam packet. At that time the course of the balloon
+      was south-east, although the smoke above alluded to was
+      driven towards the west. The air being so serene we felt no
+      motion in the car, and we could only know we were quietly
+      moving, from seeing the grappling irons (which hung from the
+      car) pass over the earth rapidly from field to field; whilst
+      the scene seemed to recede from our view like a moving
+      panorama. At our greatest altitude a solemn stillness
+      prevailed, and I cannot describe its awful grandeur and my
+      excitement. We then let loose a pigeon, and having a
+      favourable country below, we prepared to descend, and Mr.
+      Green hailed some men with the cry of "we are coming down." I
+      saw them run (though very small,) and we fell in a field of
+      wheat, near Kingston, with scarcely any rebound; in fact a
+      child might have alighted with safety.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, Mr. Editor, ended this short and rapid, but splendid
+      voyage. On our alighting, Mr. Green wrote on a piece of paper
+      our safe arrival, which he tied to the neck of a pigeon, and
+      sent him off.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our greatest altitude did not exceed one mile and a quarter,
+      in consequence, as Mr. Green informed me, of the density of
+      the atmosphere, which would, at a greater elevation, have
+      dimmed the splendour of the scene beneath us.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      P.T.W.
+    </h4>
+    <p>
+      [We thank our ingenious Correspondent for the previous
+      description of his recent aerial voyage, as we are fully
+      aware of the difficulty of describing such a magnificent
+      scene as he must have witnessed in his ascent. During the
+      whole voyage, he experienced nothing but sensations of
+      delight; the atmosphere being only disturbed by very light
+      wind, just sufficient to waft the aeronauts without any
+      laborious management, and the time&mdash;evening&mdash;being
+      beautifully serene. We thought ourselves richly rewarded by
+      the view of the Colosseum Panorama, but what must have been
+      their sensations at a distance of 6,600 feet high, when with
+      the huge machine they appeared little more than a speck. The
+      varnish, or glare, which our Correspondent describes, was
+      that charming effect which we are wont to admire here, on
+      earth, in evening scenes, especially when they are lit up by
+      the splendour of the setting sun; but which must be doubly
+      enchanting when viewed from so great an altitude. He likewise
+      tells us that the landscape appeared to recede like a moving
+      panorama, whilst the balloon seemed to be stationary; so that
+      the scenic attempt at Covent Garden Theatre, a few years
+      since, to illustrate a balloon ascent, by moving scenery, was
+      in accordance with the real effect, though, we think, the
+      theatrical attempt was not so appreciated at the time it was
+      made. In conclusion, we congratulate our friend upon his
+      splendid recreation, for such his ascent must have been.]
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page419" name="page419"></a>[pg
+      419]</span>
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      PITY.&mdash;A FRAGMENT.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          What is pity?
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          'Tis virtue's essence,&mdash;'tis benevolence
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Itself;&mdash;'tis mercy, justice, charity;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          It is the rarest boon that man doth give to man;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          It is the first perfection of our nature;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          It is the brightest attribute of heav'n:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Without it man should rank beneath the brute;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And with it&mdash;he is little lower than angel.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The generous mite of penury is pity;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Nay, ev'n a look.&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Not so the heartless pittance of the affluent,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          That is hypocrisy. If you pity,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Your heart is liberal to forgive,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Your memory to forget&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Your purse is open, and your hands are free
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To help the penniless.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      CYMBELINE.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE PENDRILS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>To the Editor of the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Sir,&mdash;From a note which I have just seen at the foot of
+      the interesting account of the escape of Charles the Second,
+      in vol. v. of the MIRROR, the reader is led to conclude, that
+      the pension granted to Richard Pendril, expired at his death.
+      No such thing. Old Dr. Pendril lived, practised, and died at
+      Alfriston, a little town in the east of Sussex, some forty or
+      fifty years since. His son, John Pendril, died at Eastbourn,
+      four or five years ago. His son, Mr. John Pendril, kept a
+      public house at Lewes, a few years since, to which he added
+      the appropriate sign of the "Royal Oak." All these in
+      succession enjoyed the pension of &mdash;&mdash; marks,
+      granted by Charles the Second, together with something of a
+      sporting character called "free warren." The last Mr. John
+      Pendril was lately living at or near Brighton.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      W.W.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      EATING "MUTTON COLD."
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Be good enough to insert the solution of <i>Hen. B</i>.'s
+      difficulty in your last MIRROR, which I send at foot, and
+      thereby oblige a constant
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      SUBSCRIBER AND FRIEND.
+    </h4>
+    <p>
+      The solution, or attempt at solution, of <i>Hen. B</i>.'s
+      difficulty as to what Goldsmith means in his poem
+      "Retaliation" when he concludes his ironical eulogium on
+      Edmund Burke, thus:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "In short 'twas his fate, unemployed, or in place, sir,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To eat mutton cold, and cut blocks with a razor."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      By being "unemployed" it is presumed that he was not engaged
+      in the ordinary avocations of life, or in other words was not
+      engaged in those legitimate avocations which have for their
+      object the procuring the means of subsistence for the
+      masticator; but if it is meant to have a name of extensive
+      meaning, the solution is unanswerable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Assuming the former to be Goldsmith's meaning, the answer to
+      be given to the solution might be that eating mutton cold, is
+      eating cold mutton in its cold state, cooked or uncooked; but
+      if the more general meaning is insisted upon, I cannot see
+      how the masticator is unemployed, as his jaws which form a
+      most material part of himself&mdash;are set in full motion by
+      the operation of eating&mdash;hence full employment is given
+      them&mdash;and as much to the "he" who is the owner of such
+      jaws.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      FINE ARTS.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>Continued from page 338</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      91. <i>Portrait of the late Earl of Kellie, Lord Lieutenant
+      of the County of Fife.</i>&mdash;D. Wilkie.&mdash;A noble
+      portrait, painted for the County Hall, Cupar.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      92. <i>Night</i>.&mdash;H. Howard&mdash;An exquisite scene
+      from Milton:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;now glowed the
+          firmament
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With living sapphires: Hesperus that led
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Rising in clouded majesty, at length
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      102. <i>Portrait of the Duchess of Richmond</i>.&mdash;Sir T.
+      Lawrence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      110. <i>Cardinals, Priests, and Roman Citizens washing the
+      Pilgrims' Feet</i>.&mdash;D. Wilkie.&mdash;This ceremony
+      takes place during the holy week, in the Convent of Santa
+      Trinita dei Pelligrini; and Mr. Wilkie has infused a
+      devotional character into this picture which is highly
+      characteristic of Catholic solemnity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      127. <i>Portrait of Jeremy Bentham</i>&mdash;H.W.
+      Pickersgill.&mdash;An admirable likeness of the
+      veteran-patriot and political economist.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      128. <i>The Defence of Saragossa</i>.&mdash;D.
+      Wilkie.&mdash;The subject is so well explained in the
+      Catalogue, that we quote it:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The heroine Augustina is here represented on the battery, in
+      front of the convent of Santa Engratia, where her husband
+      being slain, she found her way to the station he had
+      occupied, stept over his body, took his place at the gun, and
+      declared she would herself avenge his death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The principal person engaged in placing the gun is Don
+      Joseph Palafox, who commanded the garrison during the
+      memorable siege, but who is here represented in the habit of
+      a volunteer. In front of him is the Reverend Father
+      Consola&ccedil;ion, an Augustin Friar, who served
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page420" name="page420"></a>[pg
+      420]</span> with great ability as an engineer, and who, with
+      the crucifix in his hand, is directing at what object the
+      cannon is to be pointed. On the left side of the picture is
+      seen Basilico Boggiero, a priest, who was tutor to Palafox,
+      celebrated for his share in the defence, and for his cruel
+      fate when he fell into the hands of the enemy. He is writing
+      a despatch to be sent by a carrier pigeon, to inform their
+      distant friends of the unsubdued energies of the place."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In this part of the room are half a dozen excellent
+      portraits, all by different artists.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      149. <i>The Soldier's Wife</i>&mdash;W.F.
+      Witherington.&mdash;This picture is from an anecdote of the
+      late Duke of York. His Royal Highness, as he returned one day
+      from a walk, observed a poor woman in tears, sent away from
+      his house. On asking the servant who she was, he answered, "A
+      beggar, some soldier's wife." "A soldier's wife!" returned
+      his Royal Highness; "give her immediate relief: what is your
+      mistress but a soldier's wife?"&mdash;An interesting picture,
+      although we do not think the likeness of the benevolent Duke
+      is very striking. However, the incident must have occurred a
+      few years previous to his decease.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      157. <i>Lord Byron's Dream</i>.&mdash;C.L. Eastlake.&mdash;A
+      rich oriental landscape, and a most delightful scene of
+      desert stillness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      172. <i>Portrait of Robert Southey, Esq.</i>&mdash;Sir T.
+      Lawrence&mdash;We hope the president's portrait will please
+      the laureate, for he has been rather tenacious about his
+      "likenesses" which have been engraved. The present is,
+      perhaps, one of the most intellectual portraits in the room,
+      but is too energetic even for the impassioned poet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      181. <i>Queen Margaret of Anjou</i>, being defeated at the
+      battle of Hexham, flies with the young prince into a forest,
+      where she meets with robbers, to whose protection she
+      confides her son.&mdash;H. P. Briggs.&mdash;This subject is
+      by no means new in art, but is here cleverly treated, and the
+      whole is very effective.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      214. <i>Othello and Desdemona</i>.&mdash;R. Evans.&mdash;Why
+      is Othello in armour? Let Mr. Planch&eacute;, in his
+      <i>Costumes</i>, look to this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      216. <i>Portrait of Miss Phillips, of the Theatre Royal,
+      Drury Lane, as Juliet</i>.&mdash;H. E. Dawe.&mdash;This
+      picture is entirely devoid of flattery; and is by no means a
+      good likeness of the interesting original.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      224. <i>Roman Princess, with her Attendant, washing the
+      female pilgrim's feet</i>.&mdash;D. Wilkie&mdash;An affecting
+      picture of a truly devotional incident.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      246. <i>Camilla introduced to Gil Blas at the
+      Inn</i>.&mdash;G. S. Newton.&mdash;This picture is considered
+      to be Mr. Newton's <i>chef d'oeuvre</i>. The landlord is
+      entering the chamber with a flambeau in his hand lighting in
+      a lady, more beautiful than young, and very richly dressed;
+      she is supported by an old squire, and a little Moorish page
+      carries her train. The lankiness of Camilla is somewhat
+      objectionable, but the head is exquisitely animated. The
+      sentimentality of Gil Blas too, is excellent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      293. <i>The Confessional&mdash;Pilgrims confessing in the
+      Basilica of St. Peter's</i>.&mdash;D. Wilkie.&mdash;An
+      interesting picture, though not equal to others by the same
+      artist, in the present exhibition.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      322. <i>Hadleigh Castle. The mouth of the
+      Thames&mdash;morning after a stormy night</i>&mdash;J.
+      Constable&mdash;The picturesque beauty of this scene is
+      spoiled by the spotty "manner of the artist."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      352. <i>Coronation of the Remains of Ines de
+      Castro</i>.&mdash;G. St. Evie.&mdash;An attractive picture of
+      one of the most extraordinary scenes in history. The remains
+      of Dona Ines de Castro taken out of her tomb six years after
+      the interment, when she was proclaimed queen of Portugal.
+      This is an illustration of Mrs. Hemans's beautiful lines
+      which we quoted in a recent number of the MIRROR.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      455. <i>Portrait of Mrs. Locke, sen</i>.&mdash;Sir T.
+      Lawrence.&mdash;A Reubens-like portrait of a benevolent lady,
+      and which we take to be an excellent likeness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      592. <i>Portrait of John Parker, Esq. on his favourite horse
+      Coroner, with the Worcestershire fox hounds</i>.&mdash;T.
+      Woodward.&mdash;We can relate a curious circumstance
+      connected with this picture. While in the room, a country
+      gentleman and his lady inquired of us the subject&mdash;we
+      turned to the number in the Catalogue, and gave him the
+      desired information. "Ah," said he, "I was sure it was
+      <i>Parker</i>, and told my wife the same, although I was not
+      previously aware of his portrait being in the Exhibition." We
+      should think the resemblance must be very striking.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <i>Antique Academy</i> is almost covered with portraits,
+      and the miniatures hang in cluster-like abundance&mdash;so
+      that what with bright eyes and luxuriant tresses, this is not
+      the least attractive of the rooms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the <i>Library</i> are several fine architectural
+      drawings; among which is a view of Chatsworth, by Sir J.
+      Wyatville, including, as we suppose, all the magnificent
+      additions and improvements, now in progress there. Mr.
+      Soane's Designs for entrances to the Parks and the western
+      part of London, (which we alluded to in our No. 360,) are
+      likewise here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page421" name="page421"></a>[pg
+      421]</span> In the <i>Model Academy</i>, Messrs. Chantrey and
+      Westmacott have some fine groups, and Behnes three fine
+      busts&mdash;the Duke of Cumberland, Princess Victoria, and
+      Lady Eliz. Gower.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It would be easy to extend this notice through the present
+      and next number, but as other matters press, and as all the
+      town go to Somerset House, we hope this notice will be
+      sufficient; for it is not in our power to enumerate half the
+      fine pictures in the Exhibition, much as we rejoice at this
+      flourishing prospect of British art.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MULREADY'S "WOLF AND LAMB."
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      In a preceding number we stated that the copyright of this
+      picture had been purchased for 1,000 guineas, and
+      appropriated to the Artists' Fund, which a correspondent, and
+      "a member of the Fund," informs us is not the fact. He
+      assures us that the original picture was purchased some years
+      since by his Majesty, who granted the loan of it to the
+      society, at whose expense it was engraved; the sale of the
+      prints producing 1,000<i>l</i>. to the Fund. Mr. Mulready has
+      the merit of painting the picture and procuring the loan of
+      it; but our version of the affair would make it appear
+      otherwise. We copied our notice from the newspapers, where it
+      was stated, as from the Lord Chancellor, at the Fund Dinner,
+      that Mr. Mulready had relinquished his copyright to the
+      picture for the benefit of the Fund, which had thus produced
+      1,000<i>l</i>.; but we thank our correspondent for his
+      correction.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF <i>NEW WORKS</i>.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      FIVE NIGHTS OF ST. ALBAN'S.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      This is a work of pure fiction, and is one of the most
+      splendidly imaginative books we have met with for a long
+      time. It is attributed to the author of the "First and Last"
+      sketches in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i>, some of which have
+      already been transferred to our pages. No further
+      recommendation can be requisite; but to give the reader some
+      idea of the vivid style in which the work is written, we
+      detach two episodal extracts.
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      THE IDIOT GIRL.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      When Peverell reached his own house, his man Francis met him
+      with a strangely mysterious look and manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here is one within," said he, "that will not, by any dint of
+      persuasion, go; though I have been two good hours trying my
+      skill to that end."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who is it?" inquired Peverell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That, neither, can I discover," quoth Francis. "She knocked
+      at the door&mdash;it might be something after eleven, perhaps
+      near upon twelve&mdash;and when I opened it, she whips into
+      the hall without saying a word, walks into every room in the
+      house&mdash;I following her, as a beadle follows a rogue,
+      till he sees him beyond the parish bounds&mdash;and at last
+      takes possession of your low chair, and, without so much as
+      'by your leave,' begins to wring her hands, and cry 'Lord!
+      Lord!'&mdash;What do you want, good woman?" said I. But I
+      might as well have addressed myself to the walls, for 'Lord!
+      Lord!' was all her moan."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Peverell hastened into the room, and there he saw poor
+      Madge&mdash;her face buried in her hands, rocking to and fro,
+      weeping most piteously, and as Francis had described, ever
+      and anon calling upon the Lord, but in a tone of such utter
+      wretchedness, that it pierced his very heart.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He spoke to her. She started up at the sound of his voice,
+      looked at him, and then mournfully exclaimed, while she
+      pointed to the ground&mdash;"They have buried her!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then be comforted," said Peverell, in a kind and soothing
+      voice; "your hardest trial is past."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What a churl he was!" continued Madge, not heeding the words
+      of Peverell; "I only asked him to keep the grave open till
+      to-morrow, and he denied me! Only till to-morrow&mdash;for
+      then, said I, the cold earth can cover us both. But he denied
+      me! So I fell upon my knees, beside my Marian's grave, and
+      prayed that he might never lose a child, to know that
+      blessedness of sorrow which lies in the thought of soon
+      sleeping with those we have loved and lost! It was very wrong
+      in me, I know, to wish to call down such affliction on
+      him&mdash;but he denied me&mdash;and I had to hear the
+      rattling dust fall upon her coffin&mdash;ay, and to see that
+      dark, deep grave filled up; as if a mother might not have her
+      own child!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Poor afflicted creature!" exclaimed Peverell, in a half
+      whisper to himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes!" said Madge, drying her tears with her hands. "Yes! I
+      have walked with grief, for my companion in this world,
+      through many a sad and weary hour. But I shook hands with
+      her, and we parted, at the grave of Marian. I buried all my
+      troubles there. What is the hour?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page422" name="page422"></a>[pg
+      422]</span> "Hard upon two," replied Peverell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Then I must be busy," replied Madge, in a wild, hurried
+      manner, and smiling at Peverell, with a look of much
+      importance, as if what she had to do were some profound
+      secret. "You'll not betray me, if I tell you?" she continued,
+      taking his hand&mdash;"Feel!" and she placed it on her heart.
+      "One, two; one, two; one, two&mdash;and so it goes on; it
+      cannot beat beyond two! Oh, God! in what pain it is before it
+      breaks!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She now returned to the chair from which she had risen, at
+      the sound of Peverell's voice. He approached nearer; and
+      (with a view rather to draw her gently from her own thoughts,
+      than from any desire that she should leave his house,) he
+      asked her "if she would go home?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes," she replied; "bear with me yet a little while, and
+      I'll go. It is near the time I promised Marian, when last I
+      kissed her wintry cheek, as she lay shrouded in her coffin;
+      and I may not fail. Lord! Lord! what a troubled and worthless
+      world this seems to me now! A week ago, and the sun, and the
+      moon, and the stars, and the green earth, and all that was
+      upon it, were dear to mine eyes; and I should have wept to
+      look my last at them! But now, I behold nothing it contains,
+      save my Marian's grave! You will see <i>me</i> laid in it,
+      for pity's sake&mdash;won't you?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Ay," said Peverell, "but that will be when I am gray, and
+      thinking of my own: so, cheer up. He that shall toll the bell
+      for thee, now sleeps in his cradle, I'll warrant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She beckoned Peverell to her, and taking his hand, she again
+      placed it on her heart. A sad, melancholy smile played for a
+      moment across her pale wrinkled face, and her glazed eyes
+      kindled into a fleeting expressing of frightful gladness, as
+      she feebly exclaimed, "Do you feel?
+      One!&mdash;one!&mdash;one! &mdash;and hardly that&mdash;I
+      breathe only from here," she continued, pointing to her
+      throat.
+      "Feel!&mdash;feel!&mdash;one!&mdash;one!&mdash;another!&mdash;how
+      I gasp&mdash;see!&mdash;see&mdash;"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She ceased to speak; the hand which retained Peverell's
+      relaxed its hold&mdash;her head dropped&mdash;one long-drawn
+      sigh was heaved&mdash;and poor Madge resigned a being touched
+      with sympathies and feelings not often found in natures of
+      nobler quality, in the world's catalogue of nobility. If,
+      among the thousand doors which death holds open for mortal
+      man to pass through, ere he puts on immortality, there be
+      one, the rarest of them all, for broken hearts, this hapless
+      creature found it. A self accusing spirit bowed her to the
+      earth, with the sharpest of all griefs&mdash;a mother's
+      anguish for an only child&mdash;lost to her, as gamesters
+      lose fortunes&mdash;thrown away by her own hand.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      FITZMAURICE THE MAGICIAN.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      "<i>I have lived three hundred years!</i> In that
+      time&mdash;in all that time, I have never seen the glorious
+      sun descend, but followed still its rolling course through
+      the regions of illimitable space. I have shivered on the
+      frozen mountains of the icy north, and fainted beneath the
+      sultry skies of the blazing east: the swift winds have been
+      my viewless chariot, and on their careering wings I have been
+      hurried from clime to clime. But, nor light, nor air, nor
+      heat, nor cold, have been to me as to the rest of my species;
+      for I was doomed to find in their extremes a perpetual
+      torment. I howled, under the sharp, pinching pangs of the icy
+      north; I panted with agony, in the scorching fervour of the
+      blazing east; and when mine eyes have ached, with vain
+      efforts, to pierce the darkness of the earth's centre, they
+      have been suddenly blasted with excessive and intolerable
+      delight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All the currents of human affection&mdash;all that makes the
+      past delightful, the present lovely, and the future coveted,
+      were dried up within me. My heart was like the sands of the
+      desert, parched and barren. No living stream of hope, of
+      gladness, or of desire, quickened it with human sympathies.
+      It was a bleak and withered region, the fit abode of
+      ever-during sorrow and comfortless despair. I was as a
+      blighted tree, that perishes not at the root, but is withered
+      in all its branches. Tears, I had none. One gracious drop,
+      falling from my seared orbs, would have been the blessed
+      channel of pent-up griefs that seemed to crush my almost
+      frenzied brain. Sighs, I breathed not. They would have heaved
+      from my bursting heart some of that misery, which loaded it
+      to anguish. Sleep never came. I was denied the common luxury
+      of the common wretched, to lose, in its sweet oblivion, its
+      brief forgetfulness, the sense of what I was. Death, natural
+      death, closed his many doors against me. All that lived,
+      except myself&mdash;the persecuted, the weary, and the
+      heavily laden of man's race&mdash;could find a grave! I,
+      alone, looked upon the earth, and felt that it had no resting
+      place for me! God! God! what a forlorn and miserable creature
+      is man, when, in his affliction, he cannot say to the worm, I
+      shall be yours! I might have cast away, indeed, the
+      YENARKON&mdash;the Giver of Life&mdash;the elixir of the
+      Sibyl&mdash;but that would have been to subject myself to a
+      power of darkness, in whose fell
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page423" name="page423"></a>[pg
+      423]</span> wrath I should have suffered the casting away of
+      mine eternal soul!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus the stream of time rolled on, burying beneath its dark
+      waves, our little span of present, in the huge ocean of a
+      perpetual past, and devouring, as the food of both, our swift
+      decaying future. But I floated on its surface, and beheld
+      whole generations flourish and fade away, while age and
+      silver hairs, growing infirmities, and the closing sigh that
+      ends them all, mocked me with a horrible exemption. I
+      remained, and might have remained, for ages yet to come, the
+      fixed and unaltered image of what I was, when in Mauritania I
+      encountered the potent Amaimon, the damned magician of the
+      den, but for that&mdash;woman's faith, and man's
+      fidelity&mdash;which have made me what I AM!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This <i>was</i> my destiny. Now mark, how I became
+      enthralled to it; and how it befell, that at last I shook it
+      off, and found redemption.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In my middle manhood, when scarcely forty summers had glowed
+      within my veins, I left my native Italy, and journeyed to the
+      Holy Land, upon the strict vow of a self-imposed penance. It
+      was for no sin committed in my days of youth, but for the
+      satisfaction of an ardent piety, and the growing spirit of a
+      long enkindled devotion. I had patrimonial wealth in Apulia;
+      I had kindred; I had friends. I renounced them all, to
+      dedicate myself, thenceforth, to the service of THE CROSS. My
+      purpose was blessed, by a virtuous mother's prayers, that I
+      might approve myself a worthy soldier of Christ; and it was
+      sanctified by a holy priest at the altar.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Even now, the recollection is strong within me, of the
+      feelings with which, as the rising sun illumined the tops of
+      the surrounding hills, I approached the once glorious, and
+      still sacred, city of Jerusalem&mdash;that chosen seat of the
+      Godhead&mdash;that Queen among the nations. Eclipsed, though
+      it was, and its majestic head trodden into the dust, by the
+      foot of the infidel, my gladdened eyes dwelt upon what was
+      imperishable, and my wrapt imagination pictured what was
+      destroyed. The valleys of Jehosaphat and Gehinnon, Mount
+      Calvary, Mount Zion, and Mount Acre, stretched before me. The
+      palace of King Herod, with its sumptuous halls of marble and
+      of gold&mdash;the gorgeous Temple of Solomon&mdash;the lofty
+      towers of Phaseolus and Mariamne&mdash;the palace of the
+      Maccabees&mdash;the Hippodrome&mdash;the houses of many of
+      the prophets&mdash;grew into existence again, beneath the
+      creative force of fancy. I stood and wept. I knelt, and
+      kissed the consecrated earth which once a Saviour trod."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      "THE HUNTED STAG: A SKETCH.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          What sounds are on the mountain blast?
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Like bullet from the arbalast,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Was it the hunted quarry past
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Right up Ben-ledi's side?&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          So near, so rapidly he dash'd,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Yon lichen'd bough has scarcely plash'd
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Into the torrent's tide.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Ay!&mdash;The good hound may bay beneath,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The hunter wind his horn;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          He dared ye through the flooded Teith
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          As a warrior in his scorn!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Dash the red rowel in the steed,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Spur, laggards, while ye may!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          St. Hubert's shaft to a stripling reed,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          He dies no death to-day!
+        </p>
+      </div>
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          'Forward!'&mdash;Nay, waste not idle breath,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Gallants, ye win no green-wood wreath;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His antlers dance above the heath,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Like chieftain's plumed helm;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Right onward for the western peak,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Where breaks the sky in one white streak,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          See, Isabel, in bold relief,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To Fancy's eye, Glenartney's chief,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Guarding his ancient realm.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          So motionless, so noiseless there,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          His foot on rock, his head in air,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Like sculptor's breathing stone!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Then, snorting from the rapid race,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Snuffs the free air a moment's space,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Glares grimly on the baffled chase,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          And seeks the covert loan."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h3>
+      "THE COMPLAINT OF THE VIOLETS.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          By the silent foot of the shadowy hill
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          We slept in our green retreats,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And the April showers were wont to fill
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Our hearts with sweets;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And though we lay in a lowly bower,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Yet all things loved us well,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And the waking bee left its fairest flower
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          With us to dwell.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          But the warm May came in his pride to woo
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The wealth of our virgin store,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And our hearts just felt his breath, and knew
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Their sweets no more!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And the summer reigns on the quiet spot
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Where we dwell&mdash;and its suns and showers
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Bring balm to our sisters' hearts, but not&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Oh! not to <i>ours</i>!
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          We live&mdash;we bloom&mdash;but for ever o'er
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Is the charm of the earth and sky:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To our life, ye heavens, that balm restore,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Or bid us die!"
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h3>
+      "THE FOUNTAIN: A BALLAD.
+    </h3>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Why startest thou back from that fount of sweet water?
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The roses are drooping while waiting for thee;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          'Ladye, 'tis dark with the red hue of slaughter,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          There is blood on that fountain&mdash;oh! whose may it
+          be?'
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Uprose the ladye at once from her dreaming,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Dreams born of sighs from the violets round,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The jasmine bough caught in her bright tresses, seeming
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          In pity to keep the fair prisoner it bound.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Tear-like the white leaves fell round her, as, breaking
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The branch in her haste, to the fountain she flew,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The wave and the flowers o'er its mirror were reeking,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Pale as the marble around it she grew.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          She followed its track to the grove of the willow,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          To the bower of the twilight it led her at last,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          There lay the bosom so often her pillow,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          But the dagger was in it, its beating was past.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Round the neck of the youth a light chain was entwining,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The dagger had cleft it, she joined it again.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          One dark curl of his, one of her's like gold shining,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          'They hoped this would part us, they hoped it in vain.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          <span class="pagenum"><a id="page424"
+          name="page424"></a>[pg 424]</span>
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Race of dark hatred, the stern unforgiving.
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Whose hearts are as cold as the steel which they wear.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          By the blood of the dead, the despair of the living,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Oh, house of my kinsman, my curse be your share!'
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          She bowed her fair face on the sleeper before her,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Night came and shed its cold tears on her brow;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Crimson the blush of the morning past o'er her,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          But the cheek of the maiden returned not its glow.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Pale on the earth are the wild flowers weeping,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          The cypress their column, the night-wind their hymn,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          These mark the grave where those lovers are sleeping
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          Lovely&mdash;the lovely are mourning for them."
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <i>The Casket.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE COSMOPOLITE.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      COUNTRY CHARACTER.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      (<i>For the Mirror</i>.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Country society has but little relief; and in proportion to
+      intellectual refinement, this monotony appears to increase.
+      We have always been favourable to Book Clubs in country
+      towns, and about ten years since, established one in the
+      anti-social town of &mdash;&mdash;. The plan worked well; its
+      economy was admired, and extensively adopted all over
+      England, but we heard little of its contributing to the
+      social enjoyments of the people. Twenty families reading the
+      same books, and these passed from house to house, among the
+      respectability of the town, might have brought about a kind
+      of consanguinity of opinion, and led to frequent interchange
+      of civilities, meetings of the members at each others'
+      houses, or at least a sort of how-d'ye-do acquaintance. The
+      case was otherwise. The attorney and the doctor joined our
+      society that their families of ten or twelve sons and
+      daughters might keep under the sixpences and shillings of the
+      circulating library; but they soon became jealous of <i>new
+      books</i>, although they often returned them uncut and
+      unread; and so far from knitting the bonds of acquaintance,
+      we at last thought our plan served to estrange the members,
+      by affording the little aristocracy frequent opportunities
+      for venting their splenetic pride; the books were like
+      <i>disjunctive conjunctions</i>, and when we left the place,
+      the "society" did not promise to live another year.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We could entertain ourselves, at least, with sketches of a
+      few of the members of this disjointed body; but we must be
+      content with one, and that shall be the <i>bookseller</i> of
+      the town.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Imagine a man of middle height, rather inclined to obesity,
+      and just turned of fifty-eight. He had a broad, low forehead,
+      sunken eyes, an aquiline nose, a heavy, hanging lip, and a
+      chin which buried its projections in ample and unclassical
+      folds of neckerchief. He was bald, except a tuft on the
+      <i>occiput</i>, or hinder part of his head, and on dress
+      occasions he wore powder. He was a widower, his wife having
+      been dead about ten years, leaving him two daughters, the
+      amiability of whose dispositions was a painful contrast to
+      the uneven temper of their father. He kept a good table, and
+      had the best cellar of grape wine in the town, but
+      entertained little company. His guests were usually the
+      valets or butlers of the gentry in the neighbourhood; but the
+      housekeepers were never invited by his daughters, a point of
+      propriety in male and female acquaintanceship which amused us
+      not a little. His business was of a most multifarious
+      description, and besides the trades of bookseller, stationer,
+      and druggist, he had a printing-office, and was, moreover, a
+      self-taught printer, He was post-master and stamp
+      sub-distributor, receiver of bail, and agent for
+      insurances&mdash;little official appointments which would
+      have made him mayor in a corporate town. Of late years, he
+      seldom meddled with these matters of business; but tired of
+      their common track, he struck out a course of life, which was
+      neither public nor private, but made him a sort of oracle in
+      the town, whose opinions were freely printed and gratuitously
+      circulated, whilst the author was seldom seen except at
+      vestry-meetings. In this way he acted as secretary to a
+      benevolent society established by the gentry, and such was
+      his enthusiasm that he gave his services and &pound;200.
+      worth of printing during the first year; and the Committee in
+      return presented him with a handsome piece of plate with a
+      complimentary inscription, which he had the modesty to keep
+      locked up, and never to display even to his visiters. This
+      proved him to be a benevolent man, and he would have been ten
+      times more useful had not his charitable disposition been
+      over tinged with oddity and caprice. His contact with the
+      poor of the parish soon made him overseer, although his
+      religious observances would not qualify him for churchwarden;
+      for he only went to church at funerals, to which he was
+      frequently invited, his staid appearance, and a certain air
+      of gentility of which he was master, being in such cases no
+      mean recommendation. Overseer and select vestryman, he
+      printed the parish accounts, for the most part gratuitously,
+      although the poor and even the better portion of the
+      towns-people never gave him full credit for this generosity,
+      conceiving that he was repaid by some secret services or
+      funds. The oddity of his
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page425" name="page425"></a>[pg
+      425]</span> pursuits was only exceeded by their variety. In
+      politics he was a disciple of Cobbett, and year after year,
+      foretold a revolution, an alarm which he communicated to
+      every one of his household. He took extreme interest in all
+      new mechanical projects, but seldom indulged in the practical
+      part of them. In wine-making he was once a very
+      experimentalist, and studied every line of Macculloch and
+      unripe fruit; next, he turned over every inch of his garden,
+      analyzed the soil <i>&agrave; la</i> Davy, and <i>salted</i>
+      all his growing crops. His cogitative habits led him to take
+      long walks in the country, and he soon flew from
+      horticultural chemistry to real farming; and about the same
+      time took to road making and macadamization, and became a
+      surveyor of the highways. But the trustees wanting to
+      macadamize the miserably pitched street of the town, he
+      bethought him of dust in summer and mud in winter, and drew
+      up a long memorial to the lords of the soil, remonstrating
+      with them on their impolitic conduct; but all in vain. It is
+      curious, however, to reflect that what the people of a
+      country town about ten years ago thought a curse to their
+      roads should now be adopted in many of the principal London
+      Streets. The last we heard of our bookseller's hobbies, was
+      that he had bought the lease of a house for the sake of the
+      large garden attached to it, and here, like Evelyn in his
+      <i>Elysium Britannicum</i>, he passes his days in the
+      primitive occupation of gardening.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our bookseller is a self-educated man, and in some pamphlets
+      on the charitable institution to which we have alluded, are
+      many of the errors of style peculiar to self-educated
+      writers. Among his acquaintance we remember an attorney who
+      practised in London, but had a small house in the town. He
+      had been editor and proprietor of four or five morning and
+      evening newspapers, and furnished our bookseller with all the
+      news off 'Change and about town. This friend and the journals
+      were his oracles, and their influence he digested in morsels
+      of political economy, so introduced into his pamphlets as not
+      to offend the landed gentry of the neighbourhood. To them, it
+      should be mentioned, he was a most useful personage, and his
+      aid and auspices, were almost necessary to the success of any
+      project for the interest of the town. The trades-people
+      looked up to him; they would agree if Mr. &mdash;&mdash; did,
+      or they would wait his opinion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We have heard that he has been a gallant in his time; and
+      more than once he has told little stories of dances and
+      harvest homes, and merry meetings at the wealthy farmers' in
+      the neighbourhood, of the moonlight walk home, and of his
+      companions counting their won guineas on their return from an
+      evening party&mdash;all of which throw into shade the social
+      amusements of our artificial times. We have said that he kept
+      a good table; for presents of game poured in from the
+      gentlemen's bailiffs in the neighbourhood, fish from town to
+      be repaid by summer visits, and if the fishmonger of the
+      place was overstocked, the first person he sent to was our
+      bookseller. Again, he would take a post-chaise, or the White
+      Hart barouche, for a party of pleasure, when his neighbours
+      would have been happy with a gig. He did not join, or allow
+      his daughters to mix with them at the tradesman's ball, but
+      they staid moping at home, because there was none between the
+      gentry and trade. Yet the professional and little-fortune
+      people cried &mdash;&mdash; trade, and thus our bookseller
+      belonged to neither class. The people of the place know not
+      whether he is rich; he has been "making money" all his
+      life-time say they, but he has "lived away." It is, however,
+      to be regretted that they cannot settle the point, since they
+      determine to a pound the income of every gentleman and lady
+      in the neighbourhood, and, doff their hats according to the
+      total.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To sum up his character, he is just and sometimes generous;
+      hospitable but not unostentatious; dictatorial and
+      circumlocutory to excess in his conversation, and of an
+      inquisitive turn of mind, and considering his resources, he
+      is well informed and even clever in matters of the world; in
+      short, he is a perfect pattern of the gentleman tradesmen of
+      the present day.
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      PHILO.
+    </h4>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      NOTES OF A READER.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      EMIGRATION.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      A pamphlet of <i>Twenty-four Letters from Labourers in
+      America to their Friends in England</i>, has lately reached
+      our hands. These letters have been addressed by emigrants to
+      their relatives in the eastern part of Sussex, and have been
+      printed <i>literatim</i>. We are aware of the strong
+      prejudice which exists against the practice of parishes
+      sending off annually, a part of their surplus population to
+      America; but some of the statements in these letters will
+      stagger the <i>Noes</i>. We quote a few from letters written
+      during the past year:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Brooklyn, Jan.</i> 14, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John is at work as carpenter, for the winter; his Boss gives
+      him 5<i>s</i>. a day, our money, which is little more than
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page426" name="page426"></a>[pg
+      426]</span> 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>, English money. They tell us
+      that winter is a dead time in America; but we have found it
+      as well and better than we expected. We can get good flour
+      for 11<i>d</i>. English money; good beef for 2<i>d</i>. or
+      3<i>d</i> do, and mutton the same price; pork about
+      4<i>d</i>.; sugar, very good, 5<i>d</i>.; butter and cheese
+      is not much cheaper than in England; clothing is rather dear,
+      especially woollen; worsted stockings are dear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>New Hereford, June</i> 30, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dear Father and Mother,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I now take the opportunity of writing to you since our long
+      journey. But I am very sorry to tell you, that we had the
+      misfortune to lose both our little boys; Edward died 29th
+      April, and William 5th May; the younger died with bowel
+      complaint; the other with the rash-fever and sore throat. We
+      were very much hurt to have them buried in a watery grave; we
+      mourned their loss; night and day they were not out of our
+      minds. We had a minister on board, who prayed with us twice a
+      day; he was a great comfort to us, on the account of losing
+      our poor little children. He said, The Lord gave, and taketh
+      away; and blessed be the name of the Lord. We should make
+      ourselves contented if we had our poor little children here
+      with us: we kept our children 24 hours. There were six
+      children and one woman died in the vessel. Master Bran lost
+      his wife. Mrs. Coshman, from Bodiam, lost her two only
+      children. My sister Mary and her two children are living at
+      Olbourn, about 80 miles from us. Little Caroline and father
+      is living with us; and our three brothers are living within a
+      mile of us. Brother James was very ill coming over, with the
+      same complaint that William had. We were very sick for three
+      weeks, coming over: John was very hearty, and so was father.
+      We were afraid we should loose little Caroline; but the
+      children and we are hearty at this time. Sarah and Caroline
+      are often speaking of going to see their grandmother. Mary's
+      children were all well, except little John; he was bad with a
+      great cold. I have got a house and employ. I have 4<i>s</i>.
+      a day and my board; and in harvest and haying I am to have
+      6<i>s</i>. or 7<i>s</i>. a day and my board. We get wheat for
+      7<i>s</i>. per bushel, of our money; that is about 3<i>s</i>.
+      7<i>d</i>. of your money; meat is about 3<i>d</i>. per pound;
+      butter from 5<i>d</i>. to 6<i>d</i>.; sugar about the same as
+      in England; shoes and clothes about the same as it is with
+      you; tea is from 2<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 3<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.
+      of your money; tobacco is about 9<i>d</i>. per pound, of your
+      money; good whisky about 1<i>s</i>. 1<i>d</i>. per gallon;
+      that is 2<i>s</i>. of your money.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Hudson State, New York, July</i> 6, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I must tell you a little what friends we met with when we
+      landed in to Hudson; such friends as we never found in
+      England; but it was chiefly from that people that love and
+      fear God. We had so much meat brought us, that we could not
+      eat while it was good; a whole quarter of a calf at once; so
+      we had two or three quarters in a little time, and seven
+      stone of beef. One old gentleman came and brought us a wagon
+      load of wood, and two chucks of bacon; some sent flour, some
+      bread, some cheese, some soap, some candles, some chairs,
+      some bedsteads. One class-leader sent us 3<i>s</i>. worth of
+      tin ware and many other things. The flowers are much here as
+      yours; provision is not very cheap; flour is 1<i>s</i>.
+      7<i>d</i>. a gallon of this money, about 10<i>d</i>. of
+      yours; butter is 1<i>s</i>., your money 6<i>d</i>.; meat from
+      2<i>d</i>. to 6<i>d</i>., yours 1<i>d</i>. to 3<i>d</i>.;
+      sugar 10<i>d</i>. to 1<i>s</i>. yours 5<i>d</i>. and
+      6<i>d</i>. Tell father I wish I could send him nine or ten
+      pound of tobacco; for it is 1<i>s</i>. a pound; I chaws
+      rarely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Constantia, Dec.</i> 2, 1828.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dear Children,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I now write for the third time since I left old England. I
+      wrote a letter, dated October 8th; and finding that it would
+      have four weeks to lay, I was afraid you would not have it;
+      and as I told you I would write the truth, if I was forced to
+      beg my bread from door to door, so I now proceed. Dear
+      children, I write to let you know that we are all in good
+      health, excepting your mother; and she is now just put to bed
+      of another son, and she is as well as can be expected. And
+      now as it respects what I have got in America: I have got
+      12-1/2 acres of land, about half improved, and the rest in
+      the state of nature, and two cows of my own. We can buy good
+      land for 18<i>s</i>. per acre; but buying of land is not one
+      quarter part, for the land is as full of trees as your woods
+      are of stubs; and they are from four to ten rods long, and
+      from one to five feet through them. You may buy land here
+      from 18<i>s</i>. to 9<i>l</i>. in English money; and it will
+      bring from 20 to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and corn from
+      20 to 50 bushels per acre, and rye from 20 to 40 ditto. You
+      may buy beef for 1-3/4<i>d</i>. per pound; and mutton the
+      same; Irish butter 7<i>d</i>. per pound; cheese 3<i>d</i>.;
+      tea 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.; sugar 7<i>d</i>. per pound;
+      candles 7<i>d</i>.; soap 7<i>d</i>.; and wheat 4<i>s</i>.
+      6<i>d</i>. per bushel; corn and rye
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page427" name="page427"></a>[pg
+      427]</span> 2<i>s</i>. per bushel. And I get 2<i>s</i>.
+      4<i>d</i>. a day and my board; and have as much meat to eat,
+      three times a day, as I like to eat. But clothing is dear;
+      shoes 8<i>s</i>.; half boots 16<i>s</i>.; calico from
+      8<i>d</i>. to 1<i>s</i>. 4<i>d</i>.; stockings 2<i>s</i>.
+      9<i>d</i>. to 3<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.; flannel 4<i>s</i>. per
+      yard; superfine cloth from 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. to
+      1<i>l</i>.; now all this is counted in English money. We get
+      4<i>s</i>. per day in summer, and our board; and if you count
+      the difference of the money, you will soon find it out;
+      8<i>s</i>. in our money is 4<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. in your
+      money.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The reader will perhaps think we give only the "milk and
+      honey" of these letters, but they bear the stamp of
+      authenticity.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      KENILWORTH.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Every body knows the delightful romance of
+      Kenilworth,&mdash;a tragedy, of which the dramatis personae
+      are the parties themselves, called up from their graves by
+      the novelist magician. Students who attend St. Mary's Church,
+      Oxford, still look out for the flat stone which covers the
+      dust and bones of poor Amy, and could any sculptured effigies
+      supply the place of the whole historical picture, then
+      imagined in the mind's eye? More than once attracted by the
+      old ballad,<a id="footnotetag1"
+      name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>1</sup></a>
+      we have, when undergraduates, walked to the "lonely towers of
+      Cumnor Hall," fancied that we saw her struggle, and heard her
+      screams, when she was thrown over the staircase (the
+      traditional mode of her assassination,) and wondered how any
+      man could have the heart to murder a simple lovesick pretty
+      girl. Even now, in sorrow and in sadness, we read this
+      account:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The unfortunate Amye Duddley (for so she subscribes herself
+      in the Harleian Manuscript, 4712,) the first wife of Lord
+      Robert Dudley, Queen Elizabeth's favourite, and after Amy's
+      death Earl of Leicester, was daughter of Sir John Robsart.
+      Her marriage took place June 4, 1550, the day following that
+      on which her lord's eldest brother had been united to a
+      daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and the event is thus
+      recorded by King Edward in his Diary: "4. S. Robert dudeley,
+      third sonne to th' erle of warwic, married S. John Robsartes
+      daughter; after wich mariage ther were certain gentlemen that
+      did strive who shuld first take away a gose's heade wich was
+      hanged alive on tow crose postes." Soon after the accession
+      of Elizabeth, when Dudley's ambitious views of a royal
+      alliance had opened upon him, his countess mysteriously died
+      at the retired mansion of Cumnor near
+      Abingdon,<a id="footnotetag2"
+      name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+      Sept. 8, 1560; and, although the mode of her death is
+      imperfectly ascertained (her body was thrown down stairs, as
+      a blind,) there appears far greater foundation for supposing
+      the earl guilty of her murder, than usually belongs to such
+      rumours, all her other attendants being absent at Abingdon
+      fair, except Sir Richard Verney and his man. The
+      circumstances, distorted by gross anachronisms, have been
+      weaved into the delightful romance of "Kenilworth."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of the goose and posts, <i>we</i> can suggest no better
+      explanation than that the goose was intended for poor Amy,
+      and the cross posts for the Protector Somerset, and his rival
+      Dudley Duke of Northumberland, both of whom were bred to the
+      devil's trade, ambition. Others may be possessed of more
+      successful elucidation. At all events, it is plain that the
+      people had a very suspicious opinion of Leicester, amounting
+      to this, that he was a great rascal, who played a deep game,
+      and stuck at nothing which he could do without danger to
+      himself.<a id="footnotetag3"
+      name="footnotetag3"></a><a href="#footnote3"><sup>3</sup></a>&mdash;<i>
+      Gentleman's Magazine</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MEXICAN MINES.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It appears that, on an average of the fifteen years previous
+      to the revolution, about twenty-two millions of dollars were
+      exported, and that there was an accumulation of about two
+      millions. Since the revolution, the exports have averaged
+      13,587,052 dollars, while the produce has decreased to eleven
+      millions. This change was the natural consequence of the
+      revolution. The favourable accounts of Humboldt excited a
+      spirit of speculation that was wholly regardless of passing
+      events; and the Act of Congress, facilitating the
+      co-operation of foreigners with the natives, produced a mania
+      which has been destructive to numberless individuals, who
+      trusted too much to names. Seven English companies, with a
+      capital of at least three millions, were established, and
+      these were followed by two American, and one German,
+      companies. Such was the rage for mining on the Royal
+      Exchange, that for a time it was only necessary for any one
+      to appear with contracts made with Mexican mine owners to
+      establish a company. Many who were so ignorant as not even to
+      know the difference between a shaft and a level, commenced
+      speculators, not for the purpose of fairly earning a reward
+      for doing some service to those to whom they offered their
+      mines, but to fill their own
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page428" name="page428"></a>[pg
+      428]</span> purses without reference to consequences. Such a
+      system of unprincipled conduct could not last; almost all the
+      minor performers have been driven from the stage, and the
+      respectable associations alone maintain their footing, though
+      the want of returns for the immense sums invested has tended
+      to produce a general want of confidence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Since these enterprises have been undertaken, an immense and
+      fruitless expenditure has been incurred by sending out
+      machinery, which could be of no earthly use&mdash;by
+      despising the native processes, and substituting others that
+      have been found wholly inapplicable&mdash;and by introducing
+      British labourers, who when abroad reverse all the good
+      qualities for which they are valuable at home. A reform in
+      this system we believe to have been generally adopted, and we
+      are sure that a reduction of expense, a management purely
+      European, and native labour, with only such modifications in
+      working, smelting, or amalgamating, as experience will prove
+      to be advantageous, will, in a moderate time, return the
+      capital already expended, with a commensurate advantage. But
+      these things can only take place provided the public
+      tranquillity be maintained, and the government keep their
+      engagements with foreigners inviolate. The insecurity arising
+      from the domestic feuds now disturbing this fine country,
+      must, if it continues, finally annihilate its best
+      resources.&mdash;<i>Foreign Quarterly Review.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      Of the abhorrence with which the Dutch regard the French
+      tongue, the following lines of Bilderdyk are an amusing
+      example:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Begone, thou bastard-tongue! so base&mdash;so
+          broken&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          By human jackals and hyaenas spoken;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Formed for a race of infidels, and fit
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To laugh at truth&mdash;and scepticize in wit;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          What stammering, snivelling sounds, which scarcely dare,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Bravely through nasal channels meet the ear&mdash;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Yet helped by apes' grimaces&mdash;and the devil,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Have ruled the world, and ruled the world for evil!
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ibid.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      COALS.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      One of the pamphlets of the age of the Commonwealth is said,
+      in the title-page, to be
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p class="i2">
+          Printed in the year
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          That sea-coal was exceeding dear.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The remembrance of this inconvenience, which the Londoners
+      had suffered during the stoppage of their supply from
+      Newcastle, made "the committees of both kingdoms conclude and
+      agree among themselves, that some of the most notorious
+      delinquents and malignants, late coal-owners in the town of
+      Newcastle, be wholly excluded from intermeddling with any
+      shares or parts of colleries;" "but as the parliament might
+      find a difficulty in <i>driving on the trade</i>, they did
+      not conceive it for their service to put out all the said
+      malignants at once, but were rather constrained, for the
+      present, to make use of those delinquents in working their
+      own collieries as tenants and servants." The more stubborn
+      and <i>wealthy</i>, therefore, were selected for example; and
+      the others had this favour shown them.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      LADY-POETS OF ENGLAND.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The following is a Frenchman's expression of homage to our
+      modern female poets, in which we excel all the world:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is remarkable, that in the latter years of the eighteenth
+      century, and also during the whole course of our revolution,
+      there appeared in England a whole school, as it were, of
+      female authors, whose pure and graceful productions are
+      disfigured by no exaggerations, nor are they of that sombre
+      character which distinguishes the modern literature of their
+      country. Of the lady-authors of England, the most celebrated
+      is Lady Wortley Montagu, the contemporary of Pope, who has
+      left poems, but more especially letters, highly remarkable
+      for their talent and philosophy. It is impossible to give
+      here the names of the authoresses who appeared all on a
+      sudden about half a century after Lady Wortley Montagu. One
+      of the earliest of them was a lady of the same name, Mrs. E.
+      Montagu, the author of the Essays on Shakspeare, and Mrs.
+      Anna Laetitia Barbauld, who wrote numerous poems and
+      admirable hymns for children. There is great beauty in the
+      Epistle of Mrs. Barbauld to Wilberforce, on the subject of
+      the Abolition of the Slave Trade (1781.) Mrs. Hannah More has
+      also written several works of <i>religious fiction</i>, and
+      above all, some charming poems; Florio (1786,) and the Blue
+      Stocking, or Conversation. The Blue Stocking is a burlesque
+      name given to a lady's coterie, in which several females
+      attempted to start a sort of <i>bureau d'esprit</i> under the
+      direction of Mesdames Robinson and Piozzi, a coterie innocent
+      enough, but which excited the wrath of Mr. Gifford, the
+      Editor of the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, who fulminated against
+      it several satires in excessively bad taste, and written in a
+      tone of disgusting pedantry. The verses of Mr. Gifford are
+      infinitely more ridiculous than those he pretends to correct.
+      Amongst the English ladies who have written romance, Miss
+      Edgeworth, <span class="pagenum"><a id="page429"
+      name="page429"></a>[pg 429]</span> Mrs. Inchbald, and Lady
+      Morgan, are worthy of especial note. Several ladies, without
+      having written works of great importance, have still produced
+      poetical pieces of graceful beauty; in this number it is but
+      justice to distinguish Mrs. Opie. And lastly, in order to
+      finish this hasty catalogue, we may remark that there have
+      appeared in England, in our days, several ladies of a high
+      order of literary, poetical, and at the same time,
+      philosophical talent. Lady Morgan herself has contrived to
+      mix up history and romance in her writings, with great
+      ability; but among the ladies, who inscribed their fame on
+      monuments more durable than romantic stories, we must select
+      for honourable mention the names of Joanna Baillie, Aikin,
+      Benger, and Helen Maria Williams. Miss Baillie, sister of the
+      celebrated Dr. Baillie, the physician, is a woman of the
+      highest talent. It is not your pretty nothings, your elegant
+      trifles, which occupy her genius; on the contrary, she has
+      attempted in a series of dramatic pieces, to paint the most
+      energetic passion of the human heart; and her pieces, written
+      in the most elevated and <i>Shakspearian</i> tone, will
+      always be regarded as the work of a superior mind. John
+      Kemble, in the part of <i>Montfort</i>, reached the sublime
+      of agony. In the writings of Miss Baillie there is a
+      combination of the solemn and the poetical, which is rarely
+      observed in women. Miss Aikin has written some charming
+      poems, far more beautiful than any I have met with in the
+      writings of Miss Landon and Miss Mitford. The <i>Mouse's
+      Petition</i>, by Miss Aikin, is a <i>chef-d'oeuvre</i>. Miss
+      Benger has published some historical works of great interest,
+      which place her in the same line with Miss Aikin. Lastly,
+      there is Helen Maria Williams, whose muse, half English, half
+      French, has published poems, sonnets, and other pieces of
+      verse, besides several political and historical works. This
+      superior woman, at the same time that she gave birth, under
+      the influence of sensibility and fancy, to works of
+      inspiration, portrayed the details of the events of the
+      French revolution, in the centre of which she threw herself,
+      in 1792, from pure enthusiasm for liberty.&mdash;<i>Foreign
+      Quarterly Review.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      AMERICAN LAW.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      "No commentator," says Judge Hall, in his Letters from the
+      West, "has taken any notice of <i>Linch's Law</i>, which was
+      once the <i>lex loci</i> of the frontiers. Its operation was
+      as follows:&mdash;When a horse thief, a counterfeiter, or any
+      other desperate vagabond, infested a neighbourhood, evading
+      justice by cunning, or by a strong arm, or by the number of
+      his confederates, the citizens formed themselves into a
+      "<i>regulating company</i>," a kind of holy brotherhood,
+      whose duty was to purge the community of its unruly members.
+      Mounted, armed, and commanded by a leader, they proceeded to
+      arrest such notorious offenders as were deemed fit subjects
+      of exemplary justice; their operations were generally carried
+      on in the night. Squire Birch, who was personated by one of
+      the party, established his tribunal under a tree in the
+      woods, and the culprit was brought before him, tried, and
+      generally convicted; he was then tied to a tree, lashed
+      without mercy, and ordered to leave the country within a
+      given time, under pain of a second visitation. It seldom
+      happened that more than one or two were thus punished; their
+      confederates took the hint and fled, or were admonished to
+      quit the neighbourhood."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MONUMENTAL ALTERATION.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The following odd story is related respecting a monument in a
+      chapel, adjoining <i>Stene</i>, a fine family seat in the
+      north:&mdash;The sculptor, in that vile taste which seems to
+      have originated in an unhappy design of making every thing
+      connected with the grave revolting to our feelings, had
+      ornamented this monument with "a very ghastly, grinning
+      alabaster skull;" and the bishop one day expressed a wish to
+      his domestic chaplain, Dr. Grey, that it had not been placed
+      there. Grey, upon this, sent to Banbury for the sculptor, and
+      consulted with him whether it was not possible to convert it
+      into a soothing, instead of a painful object. After some
+      consideration, the artist declared that the only thing into
+      which he could possibly convert it was&mdash;a bunch of
+      grapes! and accordingly, at this day, a bunch of grapes may
+      be seen upon the monument; for the chapel, which for a time
+      had been abandoned to the rooks and daws who built their
+      nests among the monuments, has been repaired, and is now
+      united to the rectory of Hinton.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      It is easier to induce people to follow than to set an
+      example&mdash;however good it may be both for themselves and
+      others, most men have a silly squeamishness about proposing
+      an adjournment from the dinner table. The host, fearing that
+      his guest may take it for a token that he loves his wine
+      better than his friends, is obliged to feign an unwillingness
+      to leave the bottle, and, as Sponge says&mdash;"In
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page430" name="page430"></a>[pg
+      430]</span> good truth, 'tis impossible, nay, I say it is
+      impudent, to contradict any gentleman at his own table; the
+      president is always the wisest man in the party."
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "Be of our patron's mind, whate'er he says;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Sleep very much, think little, and talk less;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          But eat your pudding, fool, and hold your tongue."
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          MAT. PRIOR.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Therefore his friends, unless a special commission be given
+      to them for that purpose, feel unwilling to break the gay
+      circle of conviviality, and are individually shy of asking
+      for what almost every one wishes.&mdash;<i>Kitchiner</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      Though much has been done, the orthography of the Dutch
+      language can hardly be considered as positively fixed. A
+      witty writer and one who has <i>biographized</i> the Dutch
+      poets with some severity, but much talent, says&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          Spell&mdash;"Wereld "&mdash;so sets up Siegenbeek, and
+          then
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Comes Bilderdyk, and flings it down again.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          He will have "Wareld"&mdash;'Tis a pretty quarrel
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Shall I determine who shall wear the laurel:
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Not I!&mdash;I like them both&mdash;and so I'll say
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          "Waereld"&mdash;and each shall have his own dear way.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE MEXICAN NAVY
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      Is in a most deplorable state. The difficulty of reducing the
+      Castle of San Juan de Ulloa led to the collection of some
+      gun-boats, a couple of sloops of war, and two or three armed
+      schooners. This number has since received the addition of a
+      line of battle ship, two frigates, and some other vessels of
+      war. Some English and American officers were engaged, but we
+      believe that all the former have left the service, and that
+      very few of the latter remain. Commodore Porter, of
+      vain-glorious memory, (who once wrote a book of Voyages,)
+      was, and may be still, the marine commandant, and
+      distinguished himself by threatening to blockade Cuba, and by
+      being obliged to skulk at Key West, to avoid destruction by
+      the gallant Laborde. The Mexicans require no navy, and cannot
+      maintain one; the sooner, therefore, they restrict it to a
+      very few revenue cutters the better. The nature of the
+      country and the destructive climate of the coast, diminish
+      greatly the necessity for keeping up a military establishment
+      for <i>external</i> defence. Foreign invasion can do little;
+      more is to be dreaded from internal
+      dissensions.&mdash;<i>Foreign Quarterly Review</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      A prudent host, who is not in the humour to submit to an
+      attack from "staunch topers," "who love to keep it up" as
+      <i>bons vivants</i>, whose favourite song is ever "<i>Fly not
+      yet</i>," will engage some sober friends to fight on his
+      side, and at a certain hour to vote for "no more wine," and
+      bravely demand "tea," and will select his company with as
+      much care as a chemist composes a neutral salt, judiciously
+      providing quite as large a proportion of alkali (tea men) as
+      he has of acid (wine men.) To adjust the balance of power at
+      the court of Bacchus, occasionally requires as much address
+      as sagacious politicians say is sometimes requisite to direct
+      the affairs of other courts.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To make the summons of the tea table serve as an effective
+      ejectment to the dinner table, let it be announced as a
+      special invitation from the lady of the house. It may be, for
+      example, "Mrs. Souchong requests the pleasure of your company
+      to the drawing-room." This is an irresistible mandamus.
+    </p>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          "Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          And Folly in thought drowning revels delight,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Such worship soon loses its charms for the soul,
+        </p>
+        <p class="i2">
+          When softer devotions our senses invite."
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          CAPTAIN MORRIS.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      <i>Dr. Kitchiner.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      MAKING TEA.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      It has been long observed that the infusion of tea made in
+      silver, or polished metal tea-pots, is stronger than that
+      which is produced in black, or other kinds of earthenware
+      pots. This is explained on the principle, that polished
+      surfaces retain heat much better than dark, rough surfaces,
+      and that, consequently, the caloric being confined in the
+      former case, must act more powerfully than in the latter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is further certain, that the silver or metal pot, when
+      filled a second time, produces worse tea than the earthenware
+      vessel; and that it is advisable to use the earthenware pot,
+      unless a silver or metal one can be procured sufficiently
+      large to contain at once all that may be required. These
+      facts are readily explained by considering, that the action
+      of heat retained by the silver vessel so far exhausts the
+      herb as to leave very little soluble substance for a second
+      infusion; whereas the reduced temperature of the water in the
+      earthenware pot, by extracting only a small proportion at
+      first, leaves some soluble matter for the action of a
+      subsequent infusion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The reason for pouring boiling water into the tea-pot before
+      the infusion of the tea is made, is, that the vessel being
+      previously warm, may abstract less heat from the mixture, and
+      thus admit a more powerful action. Neither is it difficult to
+      explain the fact why the infusion of tea is stronger if only
+      a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more be
+      <span class="pagenum"><a id="page431" name="page431"></a>[pg
+      431]</span> added some time afterwards; for if we consider
+      that only the water immediately in contact with the herb can
+      act upon it, and that it cools very rapidly, especially in
+      earthenware vessels, it is clear that the effect will be
+      greater where the heat is kept up by additions of boiling
+      water, than where the vessel is filled at once, and the fluid
+      suffered gradually to cool.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the infusion has once been completed, it is found that
+      any further addition of the herb only affords a very small
+      increase in the strength, the water having cooled much below
+      the boiling point, and consequently, acting very slightly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Ibid.</i>
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE NATURALIST.
+    </h2>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      THE HUMAN EAR.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      The ear consists of three principal divisions, viz. the
+      external, intermediate, and internal ear. The different parts
+      of the first division, or external ear, are described by
+      anatomists under the name of the helix, antihelix, tragus,
+      antitragus, the lobe, cavitas innominata, the scapha, and the
+      concha. In the middle of the external ear is the meatus, or
+      passage, which varies in length in different individuals. The
+      external or outward ear is designed by nature to stand
+      prominent, and to bear its proportion in the symmetry of the
+      head, but in Europe it is greatly flattened by the pressure
+      of the dress; it consists chiefly of elastic cartilage,
+      formed with different hollows, or sinuosities, all leading
+      into each other, and finally terminating in the concha, or
+      immediate opening into the tube of the ear. This form is
+      admirably adapted for the reception of sound, for collecting
+      and retaining it, so that it may not pass off, or be sent too
+      rapidly to the seat of the impression. There have been a few
+      instances of men who had the power of moving the external ear
+      in a similar manner to that of animals; but these instances
+      are very rare, and rather deviations from the general
+      structure; nor did it appear in these instances that such
+      individuals heard more acutely: a proof that such a structure
+      would be of no advantage to the human subject. With respect
+      to the external ear in man, whether it is completely removed
+      either by accident or design, deafness ensues, although its
+      partial removal is not attended with this inconvenience: the
+      external ear, therefore, or something in its form to collect
+      sound, is a necessary part of the organ.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the
+      tympanum, mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. The tympanum
+      contains four small delicate bones, viz. the malleus, the
+      incus, the stapes, and the os orbiculare, joined to the
+      incus. The intermediate ear displays an irregular cavity,
+      having a membrane, called the membrana tympani, stretched
+      across its extremity; and this cavity has a communication
+      with the external air, through the Eustachian tube, which
+      leads into the fauces, or throat. The membrane of the
+      tympanum is intended to carry the vibrations of the
+      atmosphere, collected by the outward ear, to the chain of
+      bones which form the peculiar mechanism of the tympanum.
+      Besides the effect of the hard and bony parts of the ear in
+      increasing the power of sound, the tension of the different
+      membranes is also a requisite: thus various muscles are so
+      situated as to put the membrane on the stretch, that the
+      sound, striking upon it, may, from its tension, similar to
+      that of the parchment of a drum-head, have full influence
+      upon the sense. In respect to its tension, the membrane of
+      the tympanum may be also compared, not unaptly, to the string
+      of a violin, or musical instrument, even more properly than
+      to a drum; as the state of tension and relaxation in such
+      chords produces a variety of sound in the instrument, so, in
+      the same manner, circumstances, which affect the tension and
+      relaxation of the tympanum, vary most perceptibly its powers
+      of action, and the customary agency of the organ. Its four
+      bones act mechanically, in consequence of the power of the
+      local muscles: they strike like the key of an instrument, and
+      produce a percussion on the nerves of the tympanum. Not only
+      may the membrane of the tympanum be partially destroyed, and
+      hearing be preserved, but the small bones of the tympanum
+      have been in certain cases lost, or have come away, from
+      ulceration, and through a constitutional or other cause; but
+      in such cases it appears that the stapes was, in most
+      instances, left, and thus the openings of the fenestra ovata
+      and fenestra rotunda were preserved, which prevented the
+      escape of sound from the labyrinth and internal parts. With
+      respect to the Eustachian tube, its aperture into the throat
+      seems indispensable to hearing; and whenever closed, from
+      malconfirmation or disease, deafness is the certain
+      consequence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The third division of the organ is the internal ear, which is
+      called the labyrinth; it is divided into the vestibule, three
+      semicircular canals, and the cochlea: the whole are incased
+      within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The internal
+      ear may be considered as the actual seat of the organ; it
+      consists of a nervous expansion of high sensibility, the
+      sentient <span class="pagenum"><a id="page432"
+      name="page432"></a>[pg 432]</span> extremities of which
+      spread in every direction, and in the most minute manner;
+      inosculating with each other, and forming plexus, by which
+      the auricular sense is increased. Here, also, sound is
+      collected and retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea. To
+      this apparatus is added the presence of a fluid, contained in
+      sacs and membranes; as this fluid is in large quantities in
+      some animals, there is no doubt it is intended as an
+      additional means for enforcing the impression: the known
+      influence of water, as a powerful medium or conductor of
+      sound, strengthens this idea. The internal ear of man,
+      therefore, has all the known varieties of apparatus, which
+      are only partially present in other classes of the creation;
+      and its perfection is best judged of, by considering the
+      variety or form of the internal ear of other animals. The
+      internal ear of some animals consists of little more than a
+      sac of fluid, on which is expanded a small nervous pulp;
+      according to the situation of this, whether the creature
+      lives in water, or is partially exposed to the air, it has an
+      external opening with the ear, or otherwise.&mdash;<i>Lecture
+      delivered at the Royal Institution, May 30, 1828&mdash;by
+      J.H. Curtis, Esq</i>.
+    </p>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <h2>
+      THE GATHERER.
+    </h2>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          SHAKSPEARE.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <hr />
+    <h3>
+      POETICAL WILL
+    </h3>
+    <center>
+      <i>Of Nathaniel Lloyd, Esq. Twickenham, Middlesex</i>.
+    </center>
+    <div class="poem">
+      <div class="stanza">
+        <p>
+          What I am going to bequeath,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When this frail part submits to death;
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          But still I hope the spark divine,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With its congenial stars shall shine.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          My good executors, fulfil }
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          I pray ye, fairly my goodwill }
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With first and second codicil, }
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And first, I give to dear Lord Hinton,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          At Twyford School, now not at Winton,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          One hundred guineas for a ring,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Or some such memorandum thing,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And truly much I should have blundered,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Had I not given another hundred
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To Vere, Earl Powlett's second son,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Who dearly loves a little fun.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Unto my nephew, Robert Langdon,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Of whom none says he e'er has wrong done,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Though civil law he loves to hash,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          I give two hundred pounds in cash.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          One hundred pounds to my niece, Tuder,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          (With loving eyes one Brandon view'd her,)
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And to her children just among 'em,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In equal shares I freely give them.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To Charlotte Watson and Mary Lee,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          If they with Lady Poulett be,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Because they round the year did dwell
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In Twickenham house, and served full well,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          When Lord and Lady both did stray
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Over the hills and far away,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The first ten pounds, the other twenty,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And girls, I hope, that will content ye.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          This with my hand I write and sign,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          The sixteenth day of fair October,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In merry mood, but sound and sober,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Past my three-score and fifteenth year,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          With spirits gay, and conscience clear,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          Joyous and frolicsome, though old,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          And like this day, serene but cold,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          To friends well wishing, and to friends most kind,
+        </p>
+        <p>
+          In perfect charity with all mankind.
+        </p>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <h4>
+      C.K.W.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      An Irish gentleman being accustomed to take a walk early
+      every morning, was met by an acquaintance, about ten o'clock,
+      who asking him if he had been taking his morning's walk, was
+      answered in the negative, but, added the honest Hibernian, "I
+      intend to take it in the afternoon."
+    </p>
+    <h4>
+      W.G.C.
+    </h4>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      A French writer having lampooned a nobleman, was caned by him
+      for his licentious wit; when, applying to the Duke of
+      Orleans, then Regent, and begging him to do him justice, the
+      duke replied, with a smile, "<i>Sir, it has been done
+      already</i>."
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE<br />
+      <i>Following Novels is already Published</i>:
+    </p>
+    <pre>
+                                         s.       d.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling             0        6
+  Paul and Virginia                      0        6
+  The Castle of Otranto                  0        6
+  Almoran and Hamet                      0        6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia    0        6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne     0        6
+  Rasselas                               0        8
+  The Old English Baron                  0        8
+  Nature and Art                         0        8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield         0       10
+  Sicilian Romance                       1        0
+  The Man of the World                   1        0
+  A Simple Story                         1        4
+  Joseph Andrews                         1        6
+  Humphry Clinker                        1        8
+  The Romance of the Forest              1        8
+  The Italian                            2        0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                   2        6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                   2        6
+  Roderick Random                        2        6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho               3        6
+  Peregrine Pickle                       4        6
+</pre>
+    <hr class="full" />
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote1" name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        We believe, in Evans's collection.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a> <b>Footnote 2</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        It is only three miles from Oxford, and six or seven from
+        Abingdon.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <blockquote class="footnote">
+      <a id="footnote3" name="footnote3"></a> <b>Footnote 3</b>:
+      <a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+      <p>
+        His general mode of murder was by poison; and it is said,
+        that he so perished himself.
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction., by Various
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction., by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction.
+       Volume XIII, No. 376, Saturday, June 20, 1829.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: February 28, 2004 [EBook #11350]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Allen Siddle, David Garcia and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, NO. 376.] SATURDAY, JUNE 20, 1829. [PRICE 2d.
+
+
+
+EXETER 'CHANGE, STRAND.
+
+
+[Illustration: Exeter 'Change, Strand.]
+
+
+Who has not heard of Exeter 'Change? celebrated all over England for its
+menagerie and merchandize--wild beasts and cutlery--kangaroos and fleecy
+hosiery--elephants and minikin pins--a strange assemblage of nature and
+art--and savage and polished life.
+
+At page 69 of the present volume we have given a brief sketch of the
+"Ancient Site of the Exeter 'Change," &c.; showing how the magnificent
+house of Burleigh, where Queen Elizabeth deigned to visit her favourite
+treasurer--at length became a receptable for uncourtly beasts, birds, and
+reptiles, whilst the lower part became a little nation of shopkeepers,
+among whom shine conspicuous the parsimony and good fortune of Mr. Clarke,
+the cutler, who amassed here a princely fortune. But the march of
+improvement having condemned the whole of the building, "Exeter 'Change is
+removed to Charing Cross." Mr. Cross's occupation's gone, and the wild
+beasts have progressed nearer the Court by removing to the King's Mews.
+
+Surely such a place is worthy of preservation in a graphic sketch for THE
+MIRROR. Perhaps its wonders were once the goal of our wishes--to receive a
+long bill from the jolly yeoman at the door, to see the living wonders of
+the upper story, and be treated with a pocket knife or whistle-whip from
+the counters of the lower apartments, have probably at one period or other
+been grand treats. Yes, gentle reader, and two doors east of this world of
+wonders appeared the early numbers of the present Miscellany.
+
+Among the improvement projects, we hear that a building for the meetings
+of public societies is to occupy the above site.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+RECENT BALLOON ASCENT.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+_June_ 10, 1829.
+
+
+Sir,--With your permission, I will attempt to describe the magnificent
+scene I witnessed on my ascent with Mr. G. Green, in his balloon, on
+Wednesday, June 10th, 1829; but I really want the power of language to
+depict its grandeur; for no poetic taste, or pencil of man, can unfold
+the splendid scene we enjoyed while traversing the ethereal regions.
+
+Having implicit confidence in the skill of Mr. Green I ascended with him
+from the Jamaica, Tea-gardens, Rotherhithe, amidst the acclamations of the
+multitude, whose forms and voices soon passed away; the busy hum of men
+(with us) ceased in a few seconds, and a solemn stillness reigned over the
+metropolis. The serenity of the evening threw a degree of solemnity over
+the scene, which had the effect of enchantment. We never lost sight of the
+earth, for our voyage was perfectly cloudless. The fields and buildings
+were all in miniature proportions, though most exquisitely depicted; and
+as Greenwich Hospital, the Tower of London, St. Paul's, &c. apparently
+receded from our view, the country succeeded, resembling one continued
+garden. The fields of wheat, &c. were beautifully defined, and the
+clearness of the atmosphere threw a sort of varnish (if I may use the term)
+over the whole face of nature. We had the Thames in view the whole of the
+time, which appeared like a rivulet of silver; but below Kingston Bridge,
+about half an hour after our ascent, the setting sun _gilded_ its surface
+with magnificent effect. The boats appeared like little pieces of cork.
+The Penitentiary, at Millbank, had the resemblance of a twelfth cake cut
+into quarters; St. Paul's and the Tower of London could be distinctly seen,
+the light falling happily upon their proportions. Old and New London
+Bridges, were like two feeble efforts of the works of man; and here we saw
+the triumph of nature over art, and the littleness of the great works of
+man. At one time, on nearing Battersea Bridge, we observed a small, black
+streak ascending from the surface of the Thames, which we concluded to be
+the smoke from a Richmond steam packet. At that time the course of the
+balloon was south-east, although the smoke above alluded to was driven
+towards the west. The air being so serene we felt no motion in the car,
+and we could only know we were quietly moving, from seeing the grappling
+irons (which hung from the car) pass over the earth rapidly from field
+to field; whilst the scene seemed to recede from our view like a moving
+panorama. At our greatest altitude a solemn stillness prevailed, and I
+cannot describe its awful grandeur and my excitement. We then let loose a
+pigeon, and having a favourable country below, we prepared to descend, and
+Mr. Green hailed some men with the cry of "we are coming down." I saw them
+run (though very small,) and we fell in a field of wheat, near Kingston,
+with scarcely any rebound; in fact a child might have alighted with safety.
+
+Thus, Mr. Editor, ended this short and rapid, but splendid voyage. On our
+alighting, Mr. Green wrote on a piece of paper our safe arrival, which he
+tied to the neck of a pigeon, and sent him off.
+
+Our greatest altitude did not exceed one mile and a quarter, in
+consequence, as Mr. Green informed me, of the density of the atmosphere,
+which would, at a greater elevation, have dimmed the splendour of the
+scene beneath us.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+[We thank our ingenious Correspondent for the previous description of
+his recent aerial voyage, as we are fully aware of the difficulty of
+describing such a magnificent scene as he must have witnessed in his
+ascent. During the whole voyage, he experienced nothing but sensations
+of delight; the atmosphere being only disturbed by very light wind, just
+sufficient to waft the aeronauts without any laborious management, and
+the time--evening--being beautifully serene. We thought ourselves richly
+rewarded by the view of the Colosseum Panorama, but what must have been
+their sensations at a distance of 6,600 feet high, when with the huge
+machine they appeared little more than a speck. The varnish, or glare,
+which our Correspondent describes, was that charming effect which we are
+wont to admire here, on earth, in evening scenes, especially when they
+are lit up by the splendour of the setting sun; but which must be doubly
+enchanting when viewed from so great an altitude. He likewise tells us
+that the landscape appeared to recede like a moving panorama, whilst the
+balloon seemed to be stationary; so that the scenic attempt at Covent
+Garden Theatre, a few years since, to illustrate a balloon ascent, by
+moving scenery, was in accordance with the real effect, though, we think,
+the theatrical attempt was not so appreciated at the time it was made. In
+conclusion, we congratulate our friend upon his splendid recreation, for
+such his ascent must have been.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PITY.--A FRAGMENT.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+  What is pity?
+  'Tis virtue's essence,--'tis benevolence
+  Itself;--'tis mercy, justice, charity;
+  It is the rarest boon that man doth give to man;
+  It is the first perfection of our nature;
+  It is the brightest attribute of heav'n:
+  Without it man should rank beneath the brute;
+  And with it--he is little lower than angel.
+  The generous mite of penury is pity;
+  Nay, ev'n a look.--
+  Not so the heartless pittance of the affluent,
+  That is hypocrisy. If you pity,
+  Your heart is liberal to forgive,
+  Your memory to forget--
+  Your purse is open, and your hands are free
+  To help the penniless.
+
+CYMBELINE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE PENDRILS.
+
+(_To the Editor of the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Sir,--From a note which I have just seen at the foot of the interesting
+account of the escape of Charles the Second, in vol. v. of the MIRROR, the
+reader is led to conclude, that the pension granted to Richard Pendril,
+expired at his death. No such thing. Old Dr. Pendril lived, practised,
+and died at Alfriston, a little town in the east of Sussex, some forty or
+fifty years since. His son, John Pendril, died at Eastbourn, four or five
+years ago. His son, Mr. John Pendril, kept a public house at Lewes, a few
+years since, to which he added the appropriate sign of the "Royal Oak."
+All these in succession enjoyed the pension of ---- marks, granted by
+Charles the Second, together with something of a sporting character called
+"free warren." The last Mr. John Pendril was lately living at or near
+Brighton.
+
+W.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EATING "MUTTON COLD."
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Be good enough to insert the solution of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty in your
+last MIRROR, which I send at foot, and thereby oblige a constant
+
+SUBSCRIBER AND FRIEND.
+
+The solution, or attempt at solution, of _Hen. B_.'s difficulty as to what
+Goldsmith means in his poem "Retaliation" when he concludes his ironical
+eulogium on Edmund Burke, thus:--
+
+  "In short 'twas his fate, unemployed, or in place, sir,
+  To eat mutton cold, and cut blocks with a razor."
+
+
+By being "unemployed" it is presumed that he was not engaged in the
+ordinary avocations of life, or in other words was not engaged in those
+legitimate avocations which have for their object the procuring the means
+of subsistence for the masticator; but if it is meant to have a name of
+extensive meaning, the solution is unanswerable.
+
+Assuming the former to be Goldsmith's meaning, the answer to be given to
+the solution might be that eating mutton cold, is eating cold mutton in
+its cold state, cooked or uncooked; but if the more general meaning is
+insisted upon, I cannot see how the masticator is unemployed, as his jaws
+which form a most material part of himself--are set in full motion by the
+operation of eating--hence full employment is given them--and as much to
+the "he" who is the owner of such jaws.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EXHIBITION OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
+
+(_Continued from page 338_.)
+
+
+91. _Portrait of the late Earl of Kellie, Lord Lieutenant of the County of
+Fife._--D. Wilkie.--A noble portrait, painted for the County Hall, Cupar.
+
+92. _Night_.--H. Howard--An exquisite scene from Milton:--
+
+  "------------now glowed the firmament
+  With living sapphires: Hesperus that led
+  The starry host, rode brightest, till the moon,
+  Rising in clouded majesty, at length
+  Apparent queen unveiled her peerless light,
+  And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw."
+
+102. _Portrait of the Duchess of Richmond_.--Sir T. Lawrence.
+
+110. _Cardinals, Priests, and Roman Citizens washing the Pilgrims'
+Feet_.--D. Wilkie.--This ceremony takes place during the holy week, in
+the Convent of Santa Trinita dei Pelligrini; and Mr. Wilkie has infused a
+devotional character into this picture which is highly characteristic of
+Catholic solemnity.
+
+127. _Portrait of Jeremy Bentham_--H.W. Pickersgill.--An admirable
+likeness of the veteran-patriot and political economist.
+
+128. _The Defence of Saragossa_.--D. Wilkie.--The subject is so well
+explained in the Catalogue, that we quote it:--
+
+"The heroine Augustina is here represented on the battery, in front of the
+convent of Santa Engratia, where her husband being slain, she found her
+way to the station he had occupied, stept over his body, took his place
+at the gun, and declared she would herself avenge his death.
+
+"The principal person engaged in placing the gun is Don Joseph Palafox,
+who commanded the garrison during the memorable siege, but who is here
+represented in the habit of a volunteer. In front of him is the Reverend
+Father Consolacion, an Augustin Friar, who served with great ability as
+an engineer, and who, with the crucifix in his hand, is directing at what
+object the cannon is to be pointed. On the left side of the picture is
+seen Basilico Boggiero, a priest, who was tutor to Palafox, celebrated for
+his share in the defence, and for his cruel fate when he fell into the
+hands of the enemy. He is writing a despatch to be sent by a carrier
+pigeon, to inform their distant friends of the unsubdued energies of the
+place."
+
+In this part of the room are half a dozen excellent portraits, all by
+different artists.
+
+149. _The Soldier's Wife_--W.F. Witherington.--This picture is from an
+anecdote of the late Duke of York. His Royal Highness, as he returned one
+day from a walk, observed a poor woman in tears, sent away from his house.
+On asking the servant who she was, he answered, "A beggar, some soldier's
+wife." "A soldier's wife!" returned his Royal Highness; "give her
+immediate relief: what is your mistress but a soldier's wife?"--An
+interesting picture, although we do not think the likeness of the
+benevolent Duke is very striking. However, the incident must have occurred
+a few years previous to his decease.
+
+157. _Lord Byron's Dream_.--C.L. Eastlake.--A rich oriental landscape,
+and a most delightful scene of desert stillness.
+
+172. _Portrait of Robert Southey, Esq._--Sir T. Lawrence--We hope the
+president's portrait will please the laureate, for he has been rather
+tenacious about his "likenesses" which have been engraved. The present is,
+perhaps, one of the most intellectual portraits in the room, but is too
+energetic even for the impassioned poet.
+
+181. _Queen Margaret of Anjou_, being defeated at the battle of Hexham,
+flies with the young prince into a forest, where she meets with robbers,
+to whose protection she confides her son.--H. P. Briggs.--This subject is
+by no means new in art, but is here cleverly treated, and the whole is
+very effective.
+
+214. _Othello and Desdemona_.--R. Evans.--Why is Othello in armour? Let
+Mr. Planche, in his _Costumes_, look to this.
+
+216. _Portrait of Miss Phillips, of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, as
+Juliet_.--H. E. Dawe.--This picture is entirely devoid of flattery; and
+is by no means a good likeness of the interesting original.
+
+224. _Roman Princess, with her Attendant, washing the female pilgrim's
+feet_.--D. Wilkie--An affecting picture of a truly devotional incident.
+
+246. _Camilla introduced to Gil Blas at the Inn_.--G. S. Newton.--This
+picture is considered to be Mr. Newton's _chef d'oeuvre_. The landlord is
+entering the chamber with a flambeau in his hand lighting in a lady, more
+beautiful than young, and very richly dressed; she is supported by an old
+squire, and a little Moorish page carries her train. The lankiness of
+Camilla is somewhat objectionable, but the head is exquisitely animated.
+The sentimentality of Gil Blas too, is excellent.
+
+293. _The Confessional--Pilgrims confessing in the Basilica of
+St. Peter's_.--D. Wilkie.--An interesting picture, though not equal to
+others by the same artist, in the present exhibition.
+
+322. _Hadleigh Castle. The mouth of the Thames--morning after a stormy
+night_--J. Constable--The picturesque beauty of this scene is spoiled by
+the spotty "manner of the artist."
+
+352. _Coronation of the Remains of Ines de Castro_.--G. St. Evie.--An
+attractive picture of one of the most extraordinary scenes in history.
+The remains of Dona Ines de Castro taken out of her tomb six years after
+the interment, when she was proclaimed queen of Portugal. This is an
+illustration of Mrs. Hemans's beautiful lines which we quoted in a recent
+number of the MIRROR.
+
+455. _Portrait of Mrs. Locke, sen_.--Sir T. Lawrence.--A Reubens-like
+portrait of a benevolent lady, and which we take to be an excellent
+likeness.
+
+592. _Portrait of John Parker, Esq. on his favourite horse Coroner, with
+the Worcestershire fox hounds_.--T. Woodward.--We can relate a curious
+circumstance connected with this picture. While in the room, a country
+gentleman and his lady inquired of us the subject--we turned to the number
+in the Catalogue, and gave him the desired information. "Ah," said he,
+"I was sure it was _Parker_, and told my wife the same, although I was not
+previously aware of his portrait being in the Exhibition." We should think
+the resemblance must be very striking.
+
+The _Antique Academy_ is almost covered with portraits, and the miniatures
+hang in cluster-like abundance--so that what with bright eyes and
+luxuriant tresses, this is not the least attractive of the rooms.
+
+In the _Library_ are several fine architectural drawings; among which is
+a view of Chatsworth, by Sir J. Wyatville, including, as we suppose, all
+the magnificent additions and improvements, now in progress there. Mr.
+Soane's Designs for entrances to the Parks and the western part of
+London, (which we alluded to in our No. 360,) are likewise here.
+
+In the _Model Academy_, Messrs. Chantrey and Westmacott have some fine
+groups, and Behnes three fine busts--the Duke of Cumberland, Princess
+Victoria, and Lady Eliz. Gower.
+
+It would be easy to extend this notice through the present and next
+number, but as other matters press, and as all the town go to Somerset
+House, we hope this notice will be sufficient; for it is not in our
+power to enumerate half the fine pictures in the Exhibition, much as we
+rejoice at this flourishing prospect of British art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MULREADY'S "WOLF AND LAMB."
+
+
+In a preceding number we stated that the copyright of this picture had
+been purchased for 1,000 guineas, and appropriated to the Artists' Fund,
+which a correspondent, and "a member of the Fund," informs us is not the
+fact. He assures us that the original picture was purchased some years
+since by his Majesty, who granted the loan of it to the society, at whose
+expense it was engraved; the sale of the prints producing 1,000_l_. to the
+Fund. Mr. Mulready has the merit of painting the picture and procuring the
+loan of it; but our version of the affair would make it appear otherwise.
+We copied our notice from the newspapers, where it was stated, as from the
+Lord Chancellor, at the Fund Dinner, that Mr. Mulready had relinquished
+his copyright to the picture for the benefit of the Fund, which had thus
+produced 1,000_l_.; but we thank our correspondent for his correction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE SELECTOR AND LITERARY NOTICES OF _NEW WORKS_.
+
+       *       *       *
+      *       *
+
+FIVE NIGHTS OF ST. ALBAN'S.
+
+
+This is a work of pure fiction, and is one of the most splendidly
+imaginative books we have met with for a long time. It is attributed to
+the author of the "First and Last" sketches in _Blackwood's Magazine_,
+some of which have already been transferred to our pages. No further
+recommendation can be requisite; but to give the reader some idea of the
+vivid style in which the work is written, we detach two episodal extracts.
+
+
+THE IDIOT GIRL.
+
+
+When Peverell reached his own house, his man Francis met him with a
+strangely mysterious look and manner.
+
+"Here is one within," said he, "that will not, by any dint of persuasion,
+go; though I have been two good hours trying my skill to that end."
+
+"Who is it?" inquired Peverell.
+
+"That, neither, can I discover," quoth Francis. "She knocked at the
+door--it might be something after eleven, perhaps near upon twelve--and
+when I opened it, she whips into the hall without saying a word, walks
+into every room in the house--I following her, as a beadle follows a rogue,
+till he sees him beyond the parish bounds--and at last takes possession of
+your low chair, and, without so much as 'by your leave,' begins to wring
+her hands, and cry 'Lord! Lord!'--What do you want, good woman?" said I.
+But I might as well have addressed myself to the walls, for 'Lord! Lord!'
+was all her moan."
+
+Peverell hastened into the room, and there he saw poor Madge--her face
+buried in her hands, rocking to and fro, weeping most piteously, and as
+Francis had described, ever and anon calling upon the Lord, but in a tone
+of such utter wretchedness, that it pierced his very heart.
+
+He spoke to her. She started up at the sound of his voice, looked at him,
+and then mournfully exclaimed, while she pointed to the ground--"They have
+buried her!"
+
+"Then be comforted," said Peverell, in a kind and soothing voice; "your
+hardest trial is past."
+
+"What a churl he was!" continued Madge, not heeding the words of Peverell;
+"I only asked him to keep the grave open till to-morrow, and he denied me!
+Only till to-morrow--for then, said I, the cold earth can cover us both.
+But he denied me! So I fell upon my knees, beside my Marian's grave, and
+prayed that he might never lose a child, to know that blessedness of
+sorrow which lies in the thought of soon sleeping with those we have loved
+and lost! It was very wrong in me, I know, to wish to call down such
+affliction on him--but he denied me--and I had to hear the rattling dust
+fall upon her coffin--ay, and to see that dark, deep grave filled up; as
+if a mother might not have her own child!"
+
+"Poor afflicted creature!" exclaimed Peverell, in a half whisper to
+himself.
+
+"Yes!" said Madge, drying her tears with her hands. "Yes! I have walked
+with grief, for my companion in this world, through many a sad and weary
+hour. But I shook hands with her, and we parted, at the grave of Marian.
+I buried all my troubles there. What is the hour?"
+
+"Hard upon two," replied Peverell.
+
+"Then I must be busy," replied Madge, in a wild, hurried manner, and
+smiling at Peverell, with a look of much importance, as if what she had
+to do were some profound secret. "You'll not betray me, if I tell you?"
+she continued, taking his hand--"Feel!" and she placed it on her heart.
+"One, two; one, two; one, two--and so it goes on; it cannot beat beyond
+two! Oh, God! in what pain it is before it breaks!"
+
+She now returned to the chair from which she had risen, at the sound of
+Peverell's voice. He approached nearer; and (with a view rather to draw
+her gently from her own thoughts, than from any desire that she should
+leave his house,) he asked her "if she would go home?"
+
+"Yes," she replied; "bear with me yet a little while, and I'll go. It is
+near the time I promised Marian, when last I kissed her wintry cheek, as
+she lay shrouded in her coffin; and I may not fail. Lord! Lord! what a
+troubled and worthless world this seems to me now! A week ago, and the sun,
+and the moon, and the stars, and the green earth, and all that was upon it,
+were dear to mine eyes; and I should have wept to look my last at them!
+But now, I behold nothing it contains, save my Marian's grave! You will
+see _me_ laid in it, for pity's sake--won't you?"
+
+"Ay," said Peverell, "but that will be when I am gray, and thinking of my
+own: so, cheer up. He that shall toll the bell for thee, now sleeps in his
+cradle, I'll warrant."
+
+She beckoned Peverell to her, and taking his hand, she again placed it on
+her heart. A sad, melancholy smile played for a moment across her pale
+wrinkled face, and her glazed eyes kindled into a fleeting expressing of
+frightful gladness, as she feebly exclaimed, "Do you feel? One!--one!--one!
+--and hardly that--I breathe only from here," she continued, pointing to
+her throat. "Feel!--feel!--one!--one!--another!--how I gasp--see!--see--"
+
+She ceased to speak; the hand which retained Peverell's relaxed its
+hold--her head dropped--one long-drawn sigh was heaved--and poor Madge
+resigned a being touched with sympathies and feelings not often found
+in natures of nobler quality, in the world's catalogue of nobility. If,
+among the thousand doors which death holds open for mortal man to pass
+through, ere he puts on immortality, there be one, the rarest of them
+all, for broken hearts, this hapless creature found it. A self accusing
+spirit bowed her to the earth, with the sharpest of all griefs--a
+mother's anguish for an only child--lost to her, as gamesters lose
+fortunes--thrown away by her own hand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FITZMAURICE THE MAGICIAN.
+
+
+"_I have lived three hundred years!_ In that time--in all that time, I
+have never seen the glorious sun descend, but followed still its rolling
+course through the regions of illimitable space. I have shivered on the
+frozen mountains of the icy north, and fainted beneath the sultry skies of
+the blazing east: the swift winds have been my viewless chariot, and on
+their careering wings I have been hurried from clime to clime. But, nor
+light, nor air, nor heat, nor cold, have been to me as to the rest of my
+species; for I was doomed to find in their extremes a perpetual torment.
+I howled, under the sharp, pinching pangs of the icy north; I panted with
+agony, in the scorching fervour of the blazing east; and when mine eyes
+have ached, with vain efforts, to pierce the darkness of the earth's
+centre, they have been suddenly blasted with excessive and intolerable
+delight.
+
+"All the currents of human affection--all that makes the past delightful,
+the present lovely, and the future coveted, were dried up within me. My
+heart was like the sands of the desert, parched and barren. No living
+stream of hope, of gladness, or of desire, quickened it with human
+sympathies. It was a bleak and withered region, the fit abode of
+ever-during sorrow and comfortless despair. I was as a blighted tree, that
+perishes not at the root, but is withered in all its branches. Tears, I
+had none. One gracious drop, falling from my seared orbs, would have been
+the blessed channel of pent-up griefs that seemed to crush my almost
+frenzied brain. Sighs, I breathed not. They would have heaved from my
+bursting heart some of that misery, which loaded it to anguish. Sleep
+never came. I was denied the common luxury of the common wretched, to lose,
+in its sweet oblivion, its brief forgetfulness, the sense of what I was.
+Death, natural death, closed his many doors against me. All that lived,
+except myself--the persecuted, the weary, and the heavily laden of man's
+race--could find a grave! I, alone, looked upon the earth, and felt that
+it had no resting place for me! God! God! what a forlorn and miserable
+creature is man, when, in his affliction, he cannot say to the worm, I
+shall be yours! I might have cast away, indeed, the YENARKON--the Giver of
+Life--the elixir of the Sibyl--but that would have been to subject myself
+to a power of darkness, in whose fell wrath I should have suffered the
+casting away of mine eternal soul!
+
+"Thus the stream of time rolled on, burying beneath its dark waves, our
+little span of present, in the huge ocean of a perpetual past, and
+devouring, as the food of both, our swift decaying future. But I floated
+on its surface, and beheld whole generations flourish and fade away, while
+age and silver hairs, growing infirmities, and the closing sigh that ends
+them all, mocked me with a horrible exemption. I remained, and might have
+remained, for ages yet to come, the fixed and unaltered image of what I
+was, when in Mauritania I encountered the potent Amaimon, the damned
+magician of the den, but for that--woman's faith, and man's
+fidelity--which have made me what I AM!
+
+"This _was_ my destiny. Now mark, how I became enthralled to it; and how
+it befell, that at last I shook it off, and found redemption.
+
+"In my middle manhood, when scarcely forty summers had glowed within my
+veins, I left my native Italy, and journeyed to the Holy Land, upon the
+strict vow of a self-imposed penance. It was for no sin committed in my
+days of youth, but for the satisfaction of an ardent piety, and the
+growing spirit of a long enkindled devotion. I had patrimonial wealth in
+Apulia; I had kindred; I had friends. I renounced them all, to dedicate
+myself, thenceforth, to the service of THE CROSS. My purpose was blessed,
+by a virtuous mother's prayers, that I might approve myself a worthy
+soldier of Christ; and it was sanctified by a holy priest at the altar.
+
+"Even now, the recollection is strong within me, of the feelings with
+which, as the rising sun illumined the tops of the surrounding hills, I
+approached the once glorious, and still sacred, city of Jerusalem--that
+chosen seat of the Godhead--that Queen among the nations. Eclipsed, though
+it was, and its majestic head trodden into the dust, by the foot of the
+infidel, my gladdened eyes dwelt upon what was imperishable, and my wrapt
+imagination pictured what was destroyed. The valleys of Jehosaphat and
+Gehinnon, Mount Calvary, Mount Zion, and Mount Acre, stretched before me.
+The palace of King Herod, with its sumptuous halls of marble and of
+gold--the gorgeous Temple of Solomon--the lofty towers of Phaseolus and
+Mariamne--the palace of the Maccabees--the Hippodrome--the houses of many
+of the prophets--grew into existence again, beneath the creative force of
+fancy. I stood and wept. I knelt, and kissed the consecrated earth which
+once a Saviour trod."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+"THE HUNTED STAG: A SKETCH.
+
+
+  What sounds are on the mountain blast?
+  Like bullet from the arbalast,
+  Was it the hunted quarry past
+    Right up Ben-ledi's side?--
+  So near, so rapidly he dash'd,
+  Yon lichen'd bough has scarcely plash'd
+    Into the torrent's tide.
+  Ay!--The good hound may bay beneath,
+    The hunter wind his horn;
+  He dared ye through the flooded Teith
+    As a warrior in his scorn!
+  Dash the red rowel in the steed,
+    Spur, laggards, while ye may!
+  St. Hubert's shaft to a stripling reed,
+    He dies no death to-day!
+
+  'Forward!'--Nay, waste not idle breath,
+  Gallants, ye win no green-wood wreath;
+  His antlers dance above the heath,
+    Like chieftain's plumed helm;
+  Right onward for the western peak,
+  Where breaks the sky in one white streak,
+  See, Isabel, in bold relief,
+  To Fancy's eye, Glenartney's chief,
+    Guarding his ancient realm.
+  So motionless, so noiseless there,
+  His foot on rock, his head in air,
+    Like sculptor's breathing stone!
+  Then, snorting from the rapid race,
+  Snuffs the free air a moment's space,
+  Glares grimly on the baffled chase,
+    And seeks the covert loan."
+
+
+"THE COMPLAINT OF THE VIOLETS.
+
+
+  By the silent foot of the shadowy hill
+    We slept in our green retreats,
+  And the April showers were wont to fill
+    Our hearts with sweets;
+  And though we lay in a lowly bower,
+    Yet all things loved us well,
+  And the waking bee left its fairest flower
+    With us to dwell.
+  But the warm May came in his pride to woo
+    The wealth of our virgin store,
+  And our hearts just felt his breath, and knew
+    Their sweets no more!
+  And the summer reigns on the quiet spot
+    Where we dwell--and its suns and showers
+  Bring balm to our sisters' hearts, but not--
+    Oh! not to _ours_!
+  We live--we bloom--but for ever o'er
+    Is the charm of the earth and sky:
+  To our life, ye heavens, that balm restore,
+    Or bid us die!"
+
+
+"THE FOUNTAIN: A BALLAD.
+
+
+  Why startest thou back from that fount of sweet water?
+    The roses are drooping while waiting for thee;
+  'Ladye, 'tis dark with the red hue of slaughter,
+    There is blood on that fountain--oh! whose may it be?'
+  Uprose the ladye at once from her dreaming,
+    Dreams born of sighs from the violets round,
+  The jasmine bough caught in her bright tresses, seeming
+    In pity to keep the fair prisoner it bound.
+  Tear-like the white leaves fell round her, as, breaking
+    The branch in her haste, to the fountain she flew,
+  The wave and the flowers o'er its mirror were reeking,
+    Pale as the marble around it she grew.
+  She followed its track to the grove of the willow,
+    To the bower of the twilight it led her at last,
+  There lay the bosom so often her pillow,
+    But the dagger was in it, its beating was past.
+  Round the neck of the youth a light chain was entwining,
+    The dagger had cleft it, she joined it again.
+  One dark curl of his, one of her's like gold shining,
+    'They hoped this would part us, they hoped it in vain.
+  Race of dark hatred, the stern unforgiving.
+    Whose hearts are as cold as the steel which they wear.
+  By the blood of the dead, the despair of the living,
+    Oh, house of my kinsman, my curse be your share!'
+  She bowed her fair face on the sleeper before her,
+    Night came and shed its cold tears on her brow;
+  Crimson the blush of the morning past o'er her,
+    But the cheek of the maiden returned not its glow.
+  Pale on the earth are the wild flowers weeping,
+    The cypress their column, the night-wind their hymn,
+  These mark the grave where those lovers are sleeping
+    Lovely--the lovely are mourning for them."
+
+_The Casket._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE COSMOPOLITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COUNTRY CHARACTER.
+
+(_For the Mirror_.)
+
+
+Country society has but little relief; and in proportion to intellectual
+refinement, this monotony appears to increase. We have always been
+favourable to Book Clubs in country towns, and about ten years since,
+established one in the anti-social town of ----. The plan worked well; its
+economy was admired, and extensively adopted all over England, but we
+heard little of its contributing to the social enjoyments of the people.
+Twenty families reading the same books, and these passed from house to
+house, among the respectability of the town, might have brought about
+a kind of consanguinity of opinion, and led to frequent interchange of
+civilities, meetings of the members at each others' houses, or at least
+a sort of how-d'ye-do acquaintance. The case was otherwise. The attorney
+and the doctor joined our society that their families of ten or twelve
+sons and daughters might keep under the sixpences and shillings of the
+circulating library; but they soon became jealous of _new books_, although
+they often returned them uncut and unread; and so far from knitting the
+bonds of acquaintance, we at last thought our plan served to estrange the
+members, by affording the little aristocracy frequent opportunities for
+venting their splenetic pride; the books were like _disjunctive
+conjunctions_, and when we left the place, the "society" did not promise
+to live another year.
+
+We could entertain ourselves, at least, with sketches of a few of the
+members of this disjointed body; but we must be content with one, and that
+shall be the _bookseller_ of the town.
+
+Imagine a man of middle height, rather inclined to obesity, and just
+turned of fifty-eight. He had a broad, low forehead, sunken eyes, an
+aquiline nose, a heavy, hanging lip, and a chin which buried its
+projections in ample and unclassical folds of neckerchief. He was bald,
+except a tuft on the _occiput_, or hinder part of his head, and on dress
+occasions he wore powder. He was a widower, his wife having been dead
+about ten years, leaving him two daughters, the amiability of whose
+dispositions was a painful contrast to the uneven temper of their father.
+He kept a good table, and had the best cellar of grape wine in the town,
+but entertained little company. His guests were usually the valets or
+butlers of the gentry in the neighbourhood; but the housekeepers were
+never invited by his daughters, a point of propriety in male and female
+acquaintanceship which amused us not a little. His business was of a most
+multifarious description, and besides the trades of bookseller, stationer,
+and druggist, he had a printing-office, and was, moreover, a self-taught
+printer, He was post-master and stamp sub-distributor, receiver of bail,
+and agent for insurances--little official appointments which would have
+made him mayor in a corporate town. Of late years, he seldom meddled with
+these matters of business; but tired of their common track, he struck out
+a course of life, which was neither public nor private, but made him a
+sort of oracle in the town, whose opinions were freely printed and
+gratuitously circulated, whilst the author was seldom seen except at
+vestry-meetings. In this way he acted as secretary to a benevolent society
+established by the gentry, and such was his enthusiasm that he gave his
+services and L200. worth of printing during the first year; and the
+Committee in return presented him with a handsome piece of plate with a
+complimentary inscription, which he had the modesty to keep locked up, and
+never to display even to his visiters. This proved him to be a benevolent
+man, and he would have been ten times more useful had not his charitable
+disposition been over tinged with oddity and caprice. His contact with
+the poor of the parish soon made him overseer, although his religious
+observances would not qualify him for churchwarden; for he only went
+to church at funerals, to which he was frequently invited, his staid
+appearance, and a certain air of gentility of which he was master, being
+in such cases no mean recommendation. Overseer and select vestryman, he
+printed the parish accounts, for the most part gratuitously, although the
+poor and even the better portion of the towns-people never gave him full
+credit for this generosity, conceiving that he was repaid by some secret
+services or funds. The oddity of his pursuits was only exceeded by their
+variety. In politics he was a disciple of Cobbett, and year after year,
+foretold a revolution, an alarm which he communicated to every one of his
+household. He took extreme interest in all new mechanical projects, but
+seldom indulged in the practical part of them. In wine-making he was once
+a very experimentalist, and studied every line of Macculloch and unripe
+fruit; next, he turned over every inch of his garden, analyzed the soil
+_a la_ Davy, and _salted_ all his growing crops. His cogitative habits led
+him to take long walks in the country, and he soon flew from horticultural
+chemistry to real farming; and about the same time took to road making and
+macadamization, and became a surveyor of the highways. But the trustees
+wanting to macadamize the miserably pitched street of the town, he
+bethought him of dust in summer and mud in winter, and drew up a long
+memorial to the lords of the soil, remonstrating with them on their
+impolitic conduct; but all in vain. It is curious, however, to reflect
+that what the people of a country town about ten years ago thought a curse
+to their roads should now be adopted in many of the principal London
+Streets. The last we heard of our bookseller's hobbies, was that he had
+bought the lease of a house for the sake of the large garden attached to
+it, and here, like Evelyn in his _Elysium Britannicum_, he passes his days
+in the primitive occupation of gardening.
+
+Our bookseller is a self-educated man, and in some pamphlets on the
+charitable institution to which we have alluded, are many of the errors
+of style peculiar to self-educated writers. Among his acquaintance we
+remember an attorney who practised in London, but had a small house in
+the town. He had been editor and proprietor of four or five morning and
+evening newspapers, and furnished our bookseller with all the news off
+'Change and about town. This friend and the journals were his oracles, and
+their influence he digested in morsels of political economy, so introduced
+into his pamphlets as not to offend the landed gentry of the neighbourhood.
+To them, it should be mentioned, he was a most useful personage, and his
+aid and auspices, were almost necessary to the success of any project for
+the interest of the town. The trades-people looked up to him; they would
+agree if Mr. ---- did, or they would wait his opinion.
+
+We have heard that he has been a gallant in his time; and more than once
+he has told little stories of dances and harvest homes, and merry meetings
+at the wealthy farmers' in the neighbourhood, of the moonlight walk home,
+and of his companions counting their won guineas on their return from an
+evening party--all of which throw into shade the social amusements of our
+artificial times. We have said that he kept a good table; for presents of
+game poured in from the gentlemen's bailiffs in the neighbourhood, fish
+from town to be repaid by summer visits, and if the fishmonger of the
+place was overstocked, the first person he sent to was our bookseller.
+Again, he would take a post-chaise, or the White Hart barouche, for a
+party of pleasure, when his neighbours would have been happy with a gig.
+He did not join, or allow his daughters to mix with them at the tradesman's
+ball, but they staid moping at home, because there was none between the
+gentry and trade. Yet the professional and little-fortune people
+cried ---- trade, and thus our bookseller belonged to neither class. The
+people of the place know not whether he is rich; he has been "making money"
+all his life-time say they, but he has "lived away." It is, however, to be
+regretted that they cannot settle the point, since they determine to a
+pound the income of every gentleman and lady in the neighbourhood, and,
+doff their hats according to the total.
+
+To sum up his character, he is just and sometimes generous; hospitable but
+not unostentatious; dictatorial and circumlocutory to excess in his
+conversation, and of an inquisitive turn of mind, and considering his
+resources, he is well informed and even clever in matters of the world; in
+short, he is a perfect pattern of the gentleman tradesmen of the present
+day.
+
+PHILO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+EMIGRATION.
+
+
+A pamphlet of _Twenty-four Letters from Labourers in America to their
+Friends in England_, has lately reached our hands. These letters have been
+addressed by emigrants to their relatives in the eastern part of Sussex,
+and have been printed _literatim_. We are aware of the strong prejudice
+which exists against the practice of parishes sending off annually, a part
+of their surplus population to America; but some of the statements in
+these letters will stagger the _Noes_. We quote a few from letters written
+during the past year:
+
+
+_Brooklyn, Jan._ 14, 1828.
+
+John is at work as carpenter, for the winter; his Boss gives him 5_s_.
+a day, our money, which is little more than 2_s_. 6_d_, English money.
+They tell us that winter is a dead time in America; but we have found it
+as well and better than we expected. We can get good flour for 11_d_.
+English money; good beef for 2_d_. or 3_d_ do, and mutton the same
+price; pork about 4_d_.; sugar, very good, 5_d_.; butter and cheese is
+not much cheaper than in England; clothing is rather dear, especially
+woollen; worsted stockings are dear.
+
+
+_New Hereford, June_ 30, 1828.
+
+Dear Father and Mother,
+
+I now take the opportunity of writing to you since our long journey. But
+I am very sorry to tell you, that we had the misfortune to lose both our
+little boys; Edward died 29th April, and William 5th May; the younger died
+with bowel complaint; the other with the rash-fever and sore throat. We
+were very much hurt to have them buried in a watery grave; we mourned
+their loss; night and day they were not out of our minds. We had a
+minister on board, who prayed with us twice a day; he was a great comfort
+to us, on the account of losing our poor little children. He said, The
+Lord gave, and taketh away; and blessed be the name of the Lord. We should
+make ourselves contented if we had our poor little children here with us:
+we kept our children 24 hours. There were six children and one woman died
+in the vessel. Master Bran lost his wife. Mrs. Coshman, from Bodiam, lost
+her two only children. My sister Mary and her two children are living at
+Olbourn, about 80 miles from us. Little Caroline and father is living with
+us; and our three brothers are living within a mile of us. Brother James
+was very ill coming over, with the same complaint that William had. We
+were very sick for three weeks, coming over: John was very hearty, and
+so was father. We were afraid we should loose little Caroline; but the
+children and we are hearty at this time. Sarah and Caroline are often
+speaking of going to see their grandmother. Mary's children were all well,
+except little John; he was bad with a great cold. I have got a house and
+employ. I have 4_s_. a day and my board; and in harvest and haying I am to
+have 6_s_. or 7_s_. a day and my board. We get wheat for 7_s_. per bushel,
+of our money; that is about 3_s_. 7_d_. of your money; meat is about 3_d_.
+per pound; butter from 5_d_. to 6_d_.; sugar about the same as in England;
+shoes and clothes about the same as it is with you; tea is from 2_s_. 6_d_.
+3_s_. 6_d_. of your money; tobacco is about 9_d_. per pound, of your money;
+good whisky about 1_s_. 1_d_. per gallon; that is 2_s_. of your money.
+
+
+_Hudson State, New York, July_ 6, 1828.
+
+I must tell you a little what friends we met with when we landed in to
+Hudson; such friends as we never found in England; but it was chiefly from
+that people that love and fear God. We had so much meat brought us, that
+we could not eat while it was good; a whole quarter of a calf at once; so
+we had two or three quarters in a little time, and seven stone of beef.
+One old gentleman came and brought us a wagon load of wood, and two chucks
+of bacon; some sent flour, some bread, some cheese, some soap, some
+candles, some chairs, some bedsteads. One class-leader sent us 3_s_. worth
+of tin ware and many other things. The flowers are much here as yours;
+provision is not very cheap; flour is 1_s_. 7_d_. a gallon of this money,
+about 10_d_. of yours; butter is 1_s_., your money 6_d_.; meat from 2_d_.
+to 6_d_., yours 1_d_. to 3_d_.; sugar 10_d_. to 1_s_. yours 5_d_. and 6_d_.
+Tell father I wish I could send him nine or ten pound of tobacco; for it
+is 1_s_. a pound; I chaws rarely.
+
+
+_Constantia, Dec._ 2, 1828.
+
+Dear Children,
+
+I now write for the third time since I left old England. I wrote a letter,
+dated October 8th; and finding that it would have four weeks to lay, I was
+afraid you would not have it; and as I told you I would write the truth,
+if I was forced to beg my bread from door to door, so I now proceed.
+Dear children, I write to let you know that we are all in good health,
+excepting your mother; and she is now just put to bed of another son, and
+she is as well as can be expected. And now as it respects what I have got
+in America: I have got 12-1/2 acres of land, about half improved, and the
+rest in the state of nature, and two cows of my own. We can buy good land
+for 18_s_. per acre; but buying of land is not one quarter part, for the
+land is as full of trees as your woods are of stubs; and they are from
+four to ten rods long, and from one to five feet through them. You may buy
+land here from 18_s_. to 9_l_. in English money; and it will bring from 20
+to 40 bushels of wheat per acre, and corn from 20 to 50 bushels per acre,
+and rye from 20 to 40 ditto. You may buy beef for 1-3/4_d_. per pound; and
+mutton the same; Irish butter 7_d_. per pound; cheese 3_d_.; tea 4_s_.
+6_d_.; sugar 7_d_. per pound; candles 7_d_.; soap 7_d_.; and wheat 4_s_.
+6_d_. per bushel; corn and rye 2_s_. per bushel. And I get 2_s_. 4_d_. a
+day and my board; and have as much meat to eat, three times a day, as I
+like to eat. But clothing is dear; shoes 8_s_.; half boots 16_s_.; calico
+from 8_d_. to 1_s_. 4_d_.; stockings 2_s_. 9_d_. to 3_s_. 6_d_.; flannel
+4_s_. per yard; superfine cloth from 4_s_. 6_d_. to 1_l_.; now all this is
+counted in English money. We get 4_s_. per day in summer, and our board;
+and if you count the difference of the money, you will soon find it out;
+8_s_. in our money is 4_s_. 6_d_. in your money.
+
+The reader will perhaps think we give only the "milk and honey" of these
+letters, but they bear the stamp of authenticity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KENILWORTH.
+
+
+Every body knows the delightful romance of Kenilworth,--a tragedy, of
+which the dramatis personae are the parties themselves, called up from
+their graves by the novelist magician. Students who attend St. Mary's
+Church, Oxford, still look out for the flat stone which covers the dust
+and bones of poor Amy, and could any sculptured effigies supply the place
+of the whole historical picture, then imagined in the mind's eye? More
+than once attracted by the old ballad,[1] we have, when undergraduates,
+walked to the "lonely towers of Cumnor Hall," fancied that we saw her
+struggle, and heard her screams, when she was thrown over the staircase
+(the traditional mode of her assassination,) and wondered how any man
+could have the heart to murder a simple lovesick pretty girl. Even now,
+in sorrow and in sadness, we read this account:--
+
+The unfortunate Amye Duddley (for so she subscribes herself in the
+Harleian Manuscript, 4712,) the first wife of Lord Robert Dudley, Queen
+Elizabeth's favourite, and after Amy's death Earl of Leicester, was
+daughter of Sir John Robsart. Her marriage took place June 4, 1550, the
+day following that on which her lord's eldest brother had been united to a
+daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and the event is thus recorded by King
+Edward in his Diary: "4. S. Robert dudeley, third sonne to th' erle of
+warwic, married S. John Robsartes daughter; after wich mariage ther were
+certain gentlemen that did strive who shuld first take away a gose's heade
+wich was hanged alive on tow crose postes." Soon after the accession of
+Elizabeth, when Dudley's ambitious views of a royal alliance had opened
+upon him, his countess mysteriously died at the retired mansion of Cumnor
+near Abingdon,[2] Sept. 8, 1560; and, although the mode of her death is
+imperfectly ascertained (her body was thrown down stairs, as a blind,)
+there appears far greater foundation for supposing the earl guilty of her
+murder, than usually belongs to such rumours, all her other attendants
+being absent at Abingdon fair, except Sir Richard Verney and his man. The
+circumstances, distorted by gross anachronisms, have been weaved into the
+delightful romance of "Kenilworth."
+
+Of the goose and posts, _we_ can suggest no better explanation than that
+the goose was intended for poor Amy, and the cross posts for the Protector
+Somerset, and his rival Dudley Duke of Northumberland, both of whom were
+bred to the devil's trade, ambition. Others may be possessed of more
+successful elucidation. At all events, it is plain that the people had a
+very suspicious opinion of Leicester, amounting to this, that he was a
+great rascal, who played a deep game, and stuck at nothing which he could
+do without danger to himself.[3]--_Gentleman's Magazine_.
+
+
+    [ 1] We believe, in Evans's collection.
+
+    [ 2] It is only three miles from Oxford, and six or seven from
+        Abingdon.
+
+    [ 3] His general mode of murder was by poison; and it is said, that
+        he so perished himself.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MEXICAN MINES.
+
+
+It appears that, on an average of the fifteen years previous to the
+revolution, about twenty-two millions of dollars were exported, and that
+there was an accumulation of about two millions. Since the revolution,
+the exports have averaged 13,587,052 dollars, while the produce has
+decreased to eleven millions. This change was the natural consequence of
+the revolution. The favourable accounts of Humboldt excited a spirit of
+speculation that was wholly regardless of passing events; and the Act of
+Congress, facilitating the co-operation of foreigners with the natives,
+produced a mania which has been destructive to numberless individuals,
+who trusted too much to names. Seven English companies, with a capital
+of at least three millions, were established, and these were followed by
+two American, and one German, companies. Such was the rage for mining on
+the Royal Exchange, that for a time it was only necessary for any one
+to appear with contracts made with Mexican mine owners to establish a
+company. Many who were so ignorant as not even to know the difference
+between a shaft and a level, commenced speculators, not for the purpose
+of fairly earning a reward for doing some service to those to whom they
+offered their mines, but to fill their own purses without reference to
+consequences. Such a system of unprincipled conduct could not last;
+almost all the minor performers have been driven from the stage, and the
+respectable associations alone maintain their footing, though the want
+of returns for the immense sums invested has tended to produce a general
+want of confidence.
+
+Since these enterprises have been undertaken, an immense and fruitless
+expenditure has been incurred by sending out machinery, which could be
+of no earthly use--by despising the native processes, and substituting
+others that have been found wholly inapplicable--and by introducing
+British labourers, who when abroad reverse all the good qualities for
+which they are valuable at home. A reform in this system we believe to
+have been generally adopted, and we are sure that a reduction of
+expense, a management purely European, and native labour, with only such
+modifications in working, smelting, or amalgamating, as experience will
+prove to be advantageous, will, in a moderate time, return the capital
+already expended, with a commensurate advantage. But these things can
+only take place provided the public tranquillity be maintained, and the
+government keep their engagements with foreigners inviolate. The
+insecurity arising from the domestic feuds now disturbing this fine
+country, must, if it continues, finally annihilate its best
+resources.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Of the abhorrence with which the Dutch regard the French tongue, the
+following lines of Bilderdyk are an amusing example:--
+
+  Begone, thou bastard-tongue! so base--so broken--
+  By human jackals and hyaenas spoken;
+  Formed for a race of infidels, and fit
+  To laugh at truth--and scepticize in wit;
+  What stammering, snivelling sounds, which scarcely dare,
+  Bravely through nasal channels meet the ear--
+  Yet helped by apes' grimaces--and the devil,
+  Have ruled the world, and ruled the world for evil!
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COALS.
+
+
+One of the pamphlets of the age of the Commonwealth is said, in the
+title-page, to be
+
+          Printed in the year
+  That sea-coal was exceeding dear.
+
+
+The remembrance of this inconvenience, which the Londoners had suffered
+during the stoppage of their supply from Newcastle, made "the committees
+of both kingdoms conclude and agree among themselves, that some of the
+most notorious delinquents and malignants, late coal-owners in the town
+of Newcastle, be wholly excluded from intermeddling with any shares or
+parts of colleries;" "but as the parliament might find a difficulty in
+_driving on the trade_, they did not conceive it for their service to
+put out all the said malignants at once, but were rather constrained,
+for the present, to make use of those delinquents in working their own
+collieries as tenants and servants." The more stubborn and _wealthy_,
+therefore, were selected for example; and the others had this favour
+shown them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LADY-POETS OF ENGLAND.
+
+
+The following is a Frenchman's expression of homage to our modern female
+poets, in which we excel all the world:--
+
+It is remarkable, that in the latter years of the eighteenth century, and
+also during the whole course of our revolution, there appeared in England
+a whole school, as it were, of female authors, whose pure and graceful
+productions are disfigured by no exaggerations, nor are they of that
+sombre character which distinguishes the modern literature of their
+country. Of the lady-authors of England, the most celebrated is Lady
+Wortley Montagu, the contemporary of Pope, who has left poems, but more
+especially letters, highly remarkable for their talent and philosophy. It
+is impossible to give here the names of the authoresses who appeared all
+on a sudden about half a century after Lady Wortley Montagu. One of the
+earliest of them was a lady of the same name, Mrs. E. Montagu, the author
+of the Essays on Shakspeare, and Mrs. Anna Laetitia Barbauld, who wrote
+numerous poems and admirable hymns for children. There is great beauty in
+the Epistle of Mrs. Barbauld to Wilberforce, on the subject of the
+Abolition of the Slave Trade (1781.) Mrs. Hannah More has also written
+several works of _religious fiction_, and above all, some charming poems;
+Florio (1786,) and the Blue Stocking, or Conversation. The Blue Stocking
+is a burlesque name given to a lady's coterie, in which several females
+attempted to start a sort of _bureau d'esprit_ under the direction of
+Mesdames Robinson and Piozzi, a coterie innocent enough, but which excited
+the wrath of Mr. Gifford, the Editor of the _Quarterly Review_, who
+fulminated against it several satires in excessively bad taste, and
+written in a tone of disgusting pedantry. The verses of Mr. Gifford are
+infinitely more ridiculous than those he pretends to correct. Amongst the
+English ladies who have written romance, Miss Edgeworth, Mrs. Inchbald,
+and Lady Morgan, are worthy of especial note. Several ladies, without
+having written works of great importance, have still produced poetical
+pieces of graceful beauty; in this number it is but justice to distinguish
+Mrs. Opie. And lastly, in order to finish this hasty catalogue, we may
+remark that there have appeared in England, in our days, several ladies of
+a high order of literary, poetical, and at the same time, philosophical
+talent. Lady Morgan herself has contrived to mix up history and romance
+in her writings, with great ability; but among the ladies, who inscribed
+their fame on monuments more durable than romantic stories, we must select
+for honourable mention the names of Joanna Baillie, Aikin, Benger, and
+Helen Maria Williams. Miss Baillie, sister of the celebrated Dr. Baillie,
+the physician, is a woman of the highest talent. It is not your pretty
+nothings, your elegant trifles, which occupy her genius; on the contrary,
+she has attempted in a series of dramatic pieces, to paint the most
+energetic passion of the human heart; and her pieces, written in the most
+elevated and _Shakspearian_ tone, will always be regarded as the work of a
+superior mind. John Kemble, in the part of _Montfort_, reached the sublime
+of agony. In the writings of Miss Baillie there is a combination of the
+solemn and the poetical, which is rarely observed in women. Miss Aikin has
+written some charming poems, far more beautiful than any I have met with
+in the writings of Miss Landon and Miss Mitford. The _Mouse's Petition_,
+by Miss Aikin, is a _chef-d'oeuvre_. Miss Benger has published some
+historical works of great interest, which place her in the same line with
+Miss Aikin. Lastly, there is Helen Maria Williams, whose muse, half
+English, half French, has published poems, sonnets, and other pieces of
+verse, besides several political and historical works. This superior woman,
+at the same time that she gave birth, under the influence of sensibility
+and fancy, to works of inspiration, portrayed the details of the events of
+the French revolution, in the centre of which she threw herself, in 1792,
+from pure enthusiasm for liberty.--_Foreign Quarterly Review._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AMERICAN LAW.
+
+
+"No commentator," says Judge Hall, in his Letters from the West, "has
+taken any notice of _Linch's Law_, which was once the _lex loci_ of
+the frontiers. Its operation was as follows:--When a horse thief, a
+counterfeiter, or any other desperate vagabond, infested a neighbourhood,
+evading justice by cunning, or by a strong arm, or by the number of his
+confederates, the citizens formed themselves into a "_regulating company_,"
+a kind of holy brotherhood, whose duty was to purge the community of its
+unruly members. Mounted, armed, and commanded by a leader, they proceeded
+to arrest such notorious offenders as were deemed fit subjects of
+exemplary justice; their operations were generally carried on in the night.
+Squire Birch, who was personated by one of the party, established his
+tribunal under a tree in the woods, and the culprit was brought before him,
+tried, and generally convicted; he was then tied to a tree, lashed without
+mercy, and ordered to leave the country within a given time, under pain of
+a second visitation. It seldom happened that more than one or two were
+thus punished; their confederates took the hint and fled, or were
+admonished to quit the neighbourhood."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MONUMENTAL ALTERATION.
+
+
+The following odd story is related respecting a monument in a chapel,
+adjoining _Stene_, a fine family seat in the north:--The sculptor, in that
+vile taste which seems to have originated in an unhappy design of making
+every thing connected with the grave revolting to our feelings, had
+ornamented this monument with "a very ghastly, grinning alabaster skull;"
+and the bishop one day expressed a wish to his domestic chaplain, Dr. Grey,
+that it had not been placed there. Grey, upon this, sent to Banbury for
+the sculptor, and consulted with him whether it was not possible to
+convert it into a soothing, instead of a painful object. After some
+consideration, the artist declared that the only thing into which he could
+possibly convert it was--a bunch of grapes! and accordingly, at this day,
+a bunch of grapes may be seen upon the monument; for the chapel, which for
+a time had been abandoned to the rooks and daws who built their nests
+among the monuments, has been repaired, and is now united to the rectory
+of Hinton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is easier to induce people to follow than to set an example--however
+good it may be both for themselves and others, most men have a silly
+squeamishness about proposing an adjournment from the dinner table. The
+host, fearing that his guest may take it for a token that he loves his
+wine better than his friends, is obliged to feign an unwillingness to
+leave the bottle, and, as Sponge says--"In good truth, 'tis impossible,
+nay, I say it is impudent, to contradict any gentleman at his own table;
+the president is always the wisest man in the party."
+
+  "Be of our patron's mind, whate'er he says;
+  Sleep very much, think little, and talk less;
+  Mind neither good nor bad, nor right nor wrong,
+  But eat your pudding, fool, and hold your tongue."
+
+MAT. PRIOR.
+
+Therefore his friends, unless a special commission be given to them for
+that purpose, feel unwilling to break the gay circle of conviviality, and
+are individually shy of asking for what almost every one
+wishes.--_Kitchiner_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Though much has been done, the orthography of the Dutch language can
+hardly be considered as positively fixed. A witty writer and one who has
+_biographized_ the Dutch poets with some severity, but much talent, says--
+
+  Spell--"Wereld "--so sets up Siegenbeek, and then
+  Comes Bilderdyk, and flings it down again.
+  He will have "Wareld"--'Tis a pretty quarrel
+  Shall I determine who shall wear the laurel:
+  Not I!--I like them both--and so I'll say
+  "Waereld"--and each shall have his own dear way.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE MEXICAN NAVY
+
+
+Is in a most deplorable state. The difficulty of reducing the Castle of
+San Juan de Ulloa led to the collection of some gun-boats, a couple of
+sloops of war, and two or three armed schooners. This number has since
+received the addition of a line of battle ship, two frigates, and some
+other vessels of war. Some English and American officers were engaged,
+but we believe that all the former have left the service, and that very
+few of the latter remain. Commodore Porter, of vain-glorious memory,
+(who once wrote a book of Voyages,) was, and may be still, the marine
+commandant, and distinguished himself by threatening to blockade Cuba,
+and by being obliged to skulk at Key West, to avoid destruction by the
+gallant Laborde. The Mexicans require no navy, and cannot maintain one;
+the sooner, therefore, they restrict it to a very few revenue cutters
+the better. The nature of the country and the destructive climate of
+the coast, diminish greatly the necessity for keeping up a military
+establishment for _external_ defence. Foreign invasion can do little;
+more is to be dreaded from internal dissensions.--_Foreign Quarterly
+Review_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A prudent host, who is not in the humour to submit to an attack from
+"staunch topers," "who love to keep it up" as _bons vivants_, whose
+favourite song is ever "_Fly not yet_," will engage some sober friends
+to fight on his side, and at a certain hour to vote for "no more wine,"
+and bravely demand "tea," and will select his company with as much care
+as a chemist composes a neutral salt, judiciously providing quite as
+large a proportion of alkali (tea men) as he has of acid (wine men.)
+To adjust the balance of power at the court of Bacchus, occasionally
+requires as much address as sagacious politicians say is sometimes
+requisite to direct the affairs of other courts.
+
+To make the summons of the tea table serve as an effective ejectment to
+the dinner table, let it be announced as a special invitation from the
+lady of the house. It may be, for example, "Mrs. Souchong requests the
+pleasure of your company to the drawing-room." This is an irresistible
+mandamus.
+
+  "Though Bacchus may boast of his care-killing bowl,
+    And Folly in thought drowning revels delight,
+  Such worship soon loses its charms for the soul,
+    When softer devotions our senses invite."
+
+CAPTAIN MORRIS.
+
+_Dr. Kitchiner._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAKING TEA.
+
+
+It has been long observed that the infusion of tea made in silver, or
+polished metal tea-pots, is stronger than that which is produced in black,
+or other kinds of earthenware pots. This is explained on the principle,
+that polished surfaces retain heat much better than dark, rough surfaces,
+and that, consequently, the caloric being confined in the former case,
+must act more powerfully than in the latter.
+
+It is further certain, that the silver or metal pot, when filled a second
+time, produces worse tea than the earthenware vessel; and that it is
+advisable to use the earthenware pot, unless a silver or metal one can be
+procured sufficiently large to contain at once all that may be required.
+These facts are readily explained by considering, that the action of heat
+retained by the silver vessel so far exhausts the herb as to leave very
+little soluble substance for a second infusion; whereas the reduced
+temperature of the water in the earthenware pot, by extracting only a
+small proportion at first, leaves some soluble matter for the action of
+a subsequent infusion.
+
+The reason for pouring boiling water into the tea-pot before the infusion
+of the tea is made, is, that the vessel being previously warm, may
+abstract less heat from the mixture, and thus admit a more powerful action.
+Neither is it difficult to explain the fact why the infusion of tea is
+stronger if only a small quantity of boiling water be first used, and more
+be added some time afterwards; for if we consider that only the water
+immediately in contact with the herb can act upon it, and that it cools
+very rapidly, especially in earthenware vessels, it is clear that the
+effect will be greater where the heat is kept up by additions of boiling
+water, than where the vessel is filled at once, and the fluid suffered
+gradually to cool.
+
+When the infusion has once been completed, it is found that any further
+addition of the herb only affords a very small increase in the strength,
+the water having cooled much below the boiling point, and consequently,
+acting very slightly.
+
+_Ibid._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE NATURALIST.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HUMAN EAR.
+
+
+The ear consists of three principal divisions, viz. the external,
+intermediate, and internal ear. The different parts of the first division,
+or external ear, are described by anatomists under the name of the helix,
+antihelix, tragus, antitragus, the lobe, cavitas innominata, the scapha,
+and the concha. In the middle of the external ear is the meatus, or
+passage, which varies in length in different individuals. The external
+or outward ear is designed by nature to stand prominent, and to bear
+its proportion in the symmetry of the head, but in Europe it is greatly
+flattened by the pressure of the dress; it consists chiefly of elastic
+cartilage, formed with different hollows, or sinuosities, all leading into
+each other, and finally terminating in the concha, or immediate opening
+into the tube of the ear. This form is admirably adapted for the reception
+of sound, for collecting and retaining it, so that it may not pass off, or
+be sent too rapidly to the seat of the impression. There have been a few
+instances of men who had the power of moving the external ear in a similar
+manner to that of animals; but these instances are very rare, and rather
+deviations from the general structure; nor did it appear in these
+instances that such individuals heard more acutely: a proof that such a
+structure would be of no advantage to the human subject. With respect
+to the external ear in man, whether it is completely removed either by
+accident or design, deafness ensues, although its partial removal is
+not attended with this inconvenience: the external ear, therefore, or
+something in its form to collect sound, is a necessary part of the organ.
+
+The next division is the intermediate ear; it consists of the tympanum,
+mastoid cells, and Eustachian tube. The tympanum contains four small
+delicate bones, viz. the malleus, the incus, the stapes, and the os
+orbiculare, joined to the incus. The intermediate ear displays an
+irregular cavity, having a membrane, called the membrana tympani,
+stretched across its extremity; and this cavity has a communication with
+the external air, through the Eustachian tube, which leads into the fauces,
+or throat. The membrane of the tympanum is intended to carry the
+vibrations of the atmosphere, collected by the outward ear, to the chain
+of bones which form the peculiar mechanism of the tympanum. Besides the
+effect of the hard and bony parts of the ear in increasing the power of
+sound, the tension of the different membranes is also a requisite: thus
+various muscles are so situated as to put the membrane on the stretch,
+that the sound, striking upon it, may, from its tension, similar to that
+of the parchment of a drum-head, have full influence upon the sense. In
+respect to its tension, the membrane of the tympanum may be also compared,
+not unaptly, to the string of a violin, or musical instrument, even more
+properly than to a drum; as the state of tension and relaxation in such
+chords produces a variety of sound in the instrument, so, in the same
+manner, circumstances, which affect the tension and relaxation of the
+tympanum, vary most perceptibly its powers of action, and the customary
+agency of the organ. Its four bones act mechanically, in consequence of
+the power of the local muscles: they strike like the key of an instrument,
+and produce a percussion on the nerves of the tympanum. Not only may the
+membrane of the tympanum be partially destroyed, and hearing be preserved,
+but the small bones of the tympanum have been in certain cases lost, or
+have come away, from ulceration, and through a constitutional or other
+cause; but in such cases it appears that the stapes was, in most instances,
+left, and thus the openings of the fenestra ovata and fenestra rotunda
+were preserved, which prevented the escape of sound from the labyrinth and
+internal parts. With respect to the Eustachian tube, its aperture into
+the throat seems indispensable to hearing; and whenever closed, from
+malconfirmation or disease, deafness is the certain consequence.
+
+The third division of the organ is the internal ear, which is called the
+labyrinth; it is divided into the vestibule, three semicircular canals,
+and the cochlea: the whole are incased within the petrous portion of the
+temporal bone. The internal ear may be considered as the actual seat of
+the organ; it consists of a nervous expansion of high sensibility, the
+sentient extremities of which spread in every direction, and in the most
+minute manner; inosculating with each other, and forming plexus, by which
+the auricular sense is increased. Here, also, sound is collected and
+retained by the mastoid cells and cochlea. To this apparatus is added the
+presence of a fluid, contained in sacs and membranes; as this fluid is in
+large quantities in some animals, there is no doubt it is intended as an
+additional means for enforcing the impression: the known influence of
+water, as a powerful medium or conductor of sound, strengthens this idea.
+The internal ear of man, therefore, has all the known varieties of
+apparatus, which are only partially present in other classes of the
+creation; and its perfection is best judged of, by considering the variety
+or form of the internal ear of other animals. The internal ear of some
+animals consists of little more than a sac of fluid, on which is expanded
+a small nervous pulp; according to the situation of this, whether the
+creature lives in water, or is partially exposed to the air, it has an
+external opening with the ear, or otherwise.--_Lecture delivered at the
+Royal Institution, May 30, 1828--by J.H. Curtis, Esq_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+  A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+POETICAL WILL
+
+_Of Nathaniel Lloyd, Esq. Twickenham, Middlesex_.
+
+
+  What I am going to bequeath,
+  When this frail part submits to death;
+  But still I hope the spark divine,
+  With its congenial stars shall shine.
+  My good executors, fulfil      }
+  I pray ye, fairly my goodwill  }
+  With first and second codicil, }
+  And first, I give to dear Lord Hinton,
+  At Twyford School, now not at Winton,
+  One hundred guineas for a ring,
+  Or some such memorandum thing,
+  And truly much I should have blundered,
+  Had I not given another hundred
+  To Vere, Earl Powlett's second son,
+  Who dearly loves a little fun.
+  Unto my nephew, Robert Langdon,
+  Of whom none says he e'er has wrong done,
+  Though civil law he loves to hash,
+  I give two hundred pounds in cash.
+  One hundred pounds to my niece, Tuder,
+  (With loving eyes one Brandon view'd her,)
+  And to her children just among 'em,
+  In equal shares I freely give them.
+  To Charlotte Watson and Mary Lee,
+  If they with Lady Poulett be,
+  Because they round the year did dwell
+  In Twickenham house, and served full well,
+  When Lord and Lady both did stray
+  Over the hills and far away,
+  The first ten pounds, the other twenty,
+  And girls, I hope, that will content ye.
+  In seventeen hundred and sixty-nine,
+  This with my hand I write and sign,
+  The sixteenth day of fair October,
+  In merry mood, but sound and sober,
+  Past my three-score and fifteenth year,
+  With spirits gay, and conscience clear,
+  Joyous and frolicsome, though old,
+  And like this day, serene but cold,
+  To friends well wishing, and to friends most kind,
+  In perfect charity with all mankind.
+
+C.K.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+An Irish gentleman being accustomed to take a walk early every morning,
+was met by an acquaintance, about ten o'clock, who asking him if he had
+been taking his morning's walk, was answered in the negative, but, added
+the honest Hibernian, "I intend to take it in the afternoon."
+
+W.G.C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A French writer having lampooned a nobleman, was caned by him for his
+licentious wit; when, applying to the Duke of Orleans, then Regent, and
+begging him to do him justice, the duke replied, with a smile, "_Sir, it
+has been done already_."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LIMBIRD'S EDITION OF THE
+_Following Novels is already Published_:
+
+                                        _s_.       _d_.
+  Mackenzie's Man of Feeling             0          6
+  Paul and Virginia                      0          6
+  The Castle of Otranto                  0          6
+  Almoran and Hamet                      0          6
+  Elizabeth, or the Exiles of Siberia    0          6
+  The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne     0          6
+  Rasselas                               0          8
+  The Old English Baron                  0          8
+  Nature and Art                         0          8
+  Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield         0         10
+  Sicilian Romance                       1          0
+  The Man of the World                   1          0
+  A Simple Story                         1          4
+  Joseph Andrews                         1          6
+  Humphry Clinker                        1          8
+  The Romance of the Forest              1          8
+  The Italian                            2          0
+  Zeluco, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Edward, by Dr. Moore                   2          6
+  Roderick Random                        2          6
+  The Mysteries of Udolpho               3          6
+  Peregrine Pickle                       4          6
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement,
+and Instruction., by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE, NO. 376 ***
+
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