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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10517 ***
+
+GOVERNMENT AND REBELLION
+
+A sermon delivered in the North Broad Street Presbyterian Church,
+Sunday Morning, April 28 1861,
+
+By
+
+Rev. E. E. Adams.
+
+Published by Request.
+
+1861.
+
+
+
+
+Government and Rebellion.
+
+
+  An evil man seeketh only rebellion; therefore a cruel messenger shall be
+  sent against him.--Prov. xvii. 11.
+
+
+We have in these words this plain announcement--that Rebellion is a crime,
+and shall be visited with terrible judgment. Solomon here speaks his own
+convictions; God declares his thought, and utters his sanction of law.
+This is also the expression of natural conscience,--vindicating in our
+breast the Divine procedure, when the majesty of insulted government is
+asserted, and penalty applied.
+
+God never overlooks rebellion against his throne--never pardons the rebel
+until he repent and submit. God does not command us to forgive our
+offending fellow-men, unless they repent. "If thy brother trespass against
+thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn to thee, saying,
+I repent, thou shalt forgive him." God is in a forgiving attitude; so
+ought we to be. But he does not _express_ forgiveness until the rebel
+expresses penitence; neither are we under obligation to _pronounce_ an
+enemy forgiven until he signify his compunction and sorrow, and desist
+from his injurious conduct. If my child rebel against my law and my
+rightful discipline, I am not allowed by the spirit of love to pursue him
+with vengeance; neither am I bound by the law of God to release him from
+the penalty of his sin, until he shall have exhibited signs of submission,
+of sorrow, and of obedience. I may pity him, and cherish toward him the
+_spirit_ of forgiveness; but for his own sake, for the order of the
+household, and on account of my innate sense of justice, I must not
+pronounce his acquittal, nor declare the controversy ended, until he shall
+have satisfied my governmental authority, and the sentiment of justice
+which both his own conscience and mine, constitutionally, and therefore by
+necessity, cherish. And I do not see that Government can safely pardon a
+rebel against its statutes, its honor and its common brotherhood, until
+his rebellion cease; until he bow to law, confess his crime, and signify
+his sorrow. I speak not of oppressive government, of iniquitous law; but
+of _good_ government, of statutes healthful, humane, equal. Although in
+the former case rebellion cannot be justified until every constitutional
+measure has been resorted to for redress,--then, if redress be not given,
+the voice of the people in all representative governments may legally
+change oppressive for just laws, and oppressors for rulers who shall
+regard the popular will. And in despotisms, when the people have the
+_power_ to redress their wrongs, and to enter on a career of development
+in mind and morals, in the arts of civilization,--when every other course
+fails--"resistance to tyrants is obedience to God!" Man was not _made_ for
+tyranny. He was not made for any form of government that crushes out his
+intellect and his religious capabilities. He was made to be governed
+morally; to be under righteous law; law which, while it restrains passion,
+selfishness and crime, gives a man all the freedom that he is able and
+willing to _use_ safely for himself, and for the commonwealth; all that is
+consistent with individual development and the national good.
+
+I am not one of those who believe that the voice of the people is, without
+exception, the voice of God. It was not so at the Deluge, but quite the
+reverse. It was not so when Israel clamored for a king--not in mercy but
+in anger, God gave them their request. It was not so when Absalom stole
+the hearts of the people, and stirred up rebellion against his father. And
+yet, when a nation, independent of party, free from the excitements of
+momentary interest, without the influence of ambitious leaders, under the
+calm guidance of reason, history, and the spirit of the age,--rises
+spontaneously against oppression, against iniquity, and _demands_ just
+laws; rights for all; free thought, free speech, free labor, free worship;
+when compacts are not violated; when moderation is maintained; when the
+spirit of humanity is preserved,--_then_, I believe, "the voice of the
+people _is_ the voice of God." I have no question that, in the great
+principle, Cromwell and his puritan hosts were right in their
+revolutionary action. I could never doubt that our fathers did a noble,
+glorious, and Christian deed in throwing off the yoke of Britain, and
+proclaiming a new government for themselves and their posterity. It was
+right to contend and bleed for equal representation, for freedom of
+conscience, and for an independent nationality in which these high ends
+could be secured.
+
+The first government of which we have account was a Theocracy--that is,
+"the government of God." _He_ was the only King. He revealed the law,
+appointed leaders, gave rules for worship, instruction and warfare. Thus
+in the outset did he set up his claims among men. He established the great
+precedent, which men ought to have followed, which the world has ignored;
+but to which the thoughts and the will of the race shall ultimately
+return. It is true _now_ that government, as such, is ordained of God. All
+government, in its elemental authority, is a theocracy. All power is of
+God; he ordains law. He originates the idea of civil compact. While,
+therefore, the principles of governments among men may be defective, and
+the administration wrong and hurtful, the great _fact_ of government is a
+_Divine fact. Good_ government is _emphatically God's_ government--intended
+to suppress evil, to promote holiness and happiness. "The powers that be
+are ordained of God." "Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth
+the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves
+damnation." Despisers of government are enumerated by the Apostle as among
+the most flagitious of men. There are _statutes_ in almost every government
+which may not be absolutely right; some which may be oppressive. These are
+to be distinguished from the principles, from the general bearing of a
+government, and endured for the good therein, or be rid of by
+constitutional and safe methods. It is a duty of each subject and citizen
+to surrender some of his desires and preferences--some of his convictions
+possibly--for the _general_ sentiment--the comprehensive good; while he has
+the privilege of convincing by fair argument all others, and winning them
+to his views and measures if possible, without violence, without
+infringement of law. It is not to be expected that every man should be
+absolutely satisfied with any government. If he is called to yield only
+his share of personal interest and preference, for the sake of all the
+protection and blessing in which he participates in common with the state,
+his reason, his conscience, his patriotism will joyfully acquiesce; he will
+freely make so much sacrifice for the interests of the whole, knowing very
+well that every other citizen is likely to be under an equal sacrifice.
+Natural, individual liberty, without law, is only barbarism. Where every
+man is free to do whatever his worst passions prompt, there is in fact no
+freedom; there is tyranny; for the strong will subdue the weak, bone and
+muscle will govern mind and conscience. In laws and governments men have
+their best thoughts; human _law_ is likely to be better than human
+nature. Men feel the need of restraint--are convinced of the necessity of
+law. They therefore make laws in self-defence; if thereby they would _not_
+restrain their own selfishness, they _would_ restrain the selfishness
+of others; but that which is made a barrier to _one_ bad subject is
+also a defence against all;--thus men do restrain themselves by their
+defences against others. Thus it is that, with healthful convictions, men
+may control diseased passion; with a right _ideal_ is intimately
+joined a safe actuality; with good law, a comparatively good condition.
+Even in the worst administration, and when the public mind is most
+demoralized, there may remain the purity of law; the sublime thought.
+If the mind finds itself sinking into lawlessness and disorganism, and
+borne away by the pressure of evil, it can look upward, and, catching new
+energy from the unquenched light--
+
+    "Spring into the realm of the ideal."
+
+Our destiny is ideal. We are on our way to the Unseen. The ideal draws us
+upward,--_real_ now, to the spirits of just men made perfect--to be real
+to us when we are perfect--_once_ ideal to them, as now to us. We must
+keep above us the model of life and of law which we have not yet attained.
+Let it never be dim. It is a star shining through time's night! A banner
+waving from the throne of God. It tells us of the goal. It points out our
+futurity--the altitude of our virtue, our exaltation, our bliss.
+
+Our subject is GOVERNMENT AND MAN. We proceed to consider it in a
+three-fold aspect, inquiring
+
+    I. _What is good government?_
+   II. _What constitutes rebellion against such government?_
+  III. _What is the duty of each citizen when rebellion exists?_
+
+
+
+
+I. _What is a good government_?
+
+
+
+No citizen looks for an absolutely perfect form of nationality--of law.
+But we have a right to ask for good government. We have been accustomed to
+think that it depends more on administration than on principle; and the
+line of the poet, "That which is best administered, is best," is a
+proverb, to the sentiment of which we too freely yield. No doubt a
+government with bad statutes and wrong laws, may be so administered as to
+produce a tolerable degree of national comfort and development for a
+season; while a Constitution perfect in its theories and principles, may
+be so maladministered as to corrupt and distract, impoverish and
+demoralize, a people. And yet, I agree with an old patriot of the past
+century who said, "There is no foundation to imagine that the goodness or
+badness of any government depends solely upon its administration. It must
+be allowed that the ultimate design of government is to restrain the
+corruptions of human nature; and, since human nature is the same at all
+times and in all places, the same form of government which is best for one
+nation is best for all nations, if they would _only agree to adopt_ it."
+
+There is a deep thought in this remark. We often say, for example, "France
+is not fit for a republican form of government," and it is true; but that
+is _not_ to say, "A republican form of government is not fit for France,"
+if the population would agree to adopt and preserve it. Man, in his
+fallen state, is not fit for the holy government of God; but that holy
+government is, nevertheless, the _only_ one that is fit for man as a moral
+being; and it is man's ignorance and folly, his guilt and ruin, that he
+does not adopt it. It is owing to the ignorance and wickedness of the
+world that it is not fit for a representative government; and that all do
+not choose Christ to be their King.
+
+Were a score of the professional politicians of our land to frame a
+Constitution for us in full accordance with their own schemes and choice,
+we would soon find ourselves under an oligarchy of schemers, who cared for
+the Republic only so far as to secure from it their own fame and
+emolument. Were as many brokers or merchants to make and administer our
+laws, without regard to other industrial interests, we should have an
+oligarchy of trade. Were as many husbandmen, or mechanics, or lawyers, to
+have full control of our legislation and government, we would have one
+interest towering above all others, and true equalization, true
+brotherhood, just representation, healthful nationality would be
+impossible. Or, were we dependent on officers in the army or navy for our
+government, legislative and administrative, we would be likely to have
+many of our rights circumscribed. Were as many clergymen to frame a
+Constitution, and administer laws, we might be under a crushing
+priesthood. A government of mere scholars, poets or orators, would be only
+a sublime dream. A Constitution of philosophies alone, would glitter with
+abstractions beautiful, cold, grand as the snow-capt Alps, and as distant,
+too, from the actualities of men! A government of mere gentlemen who have
+nothing to do but think for slaves, to enjoy the chase and the
+race-ground, to extol their pedigree, and traduce labor, and lead
+retainers to war--would be a government for the few over the many, an
+aristocracy of blood and privilege, of curled moustache and taper fingers;
+but not a republic of patriots, of self-made men, of equal privilege and
+just laws. It would be a return to semi-barbarism, to the age of Louis
+XIV., or even of Charles I.
+
+This is now the strong tendency in the Rebel States: even along our free
+border, but below it, such is the system of representation, that a county
+containing only about 3,000 inhabitants, sends as many representatives to
+the legislature as another county of 30,000, and a single proprietor casts
+as many votes as a whole commune. So much liberty of citizens is already
+sacrificed to the chevalier, to the system of forced service.
+
+But were a select number of experienced men, of true statesmen, embracing
+different pursuits and professions, educated in different parts of the
+world, and drawn together by grand national events,--statesmen born in the
+age when liberty had its first grand revival, and was guarded by soberness
+of thought, and tried by every variety and extent of sacrifice--by men who
+had no professional, exclusive interest to provide for, but who expected
+to fight and die for their convictions, who sought only to lay the
+foundation of a nationality for future generations, and for the world; who
+aimed at a healthful union of all popular interests, both among poor and
+rich, among masters and dependents; who provided for freedom of action
+under law; of worship and education, of commerce, agriculture, and the
+arts; for the easy and equitable support of government,--for its
+perpetuity indeed, infusing into it elements that appeal powerfully, both
+to the self-interest and the patriotism of the citizens,--I say, were such
+men, with such ends in view, by such sacrifice, to frame such a
+government, containing the most delicate balance of interests, with strong
+checks against the encroachment of any branch, either the legislative,
+executive or judicial, giving all trades and professions, and all men, an
+equal chance for excellence, influence, and honor; you would not hesitate
+to pronounce that a good government, even though you might find slight
+exception to some of its terms, though you might not interpret as others
+do, all its constitutional phrases.
+
+In view of the protection which such a constitution affords, especially if
+it had been tested, for a period of eighty years, by all the inward strain
+of domestic evils, and all the outward pressure of invasion; by the
+influence of foreign envy, of intrigue, of hostility; by the debasing
+power of disloyalty, the incompetency of rulers, and the general
+degeneracy of human nature; I say, in view of all these untoward
+influences, the government which could still retain its majesty and power,
+still stretch its Aegis over every national and individual right--you
+would pronounce the best, both for ruler and people, that ever blessed a
+nation. And you would not hesitate to declare _that_ man a _traitor_, who
+should attempt _to weaken_ and destroy it!
+
+Now we pretend to say that _our_ government was thus formed by the
+choicest wisdom and patriotism of the world, with the largest liberty in
+view, under the restraint of law, giving equitable privilege to all its
+citizens, and so balancing its different departments that they are
+mutually a defence. We pretend to claim for our government the loftiest
+purpose, the most comprehensive views, and the best practical results. We
+claim for it justice, equality, and power. It does not stand out--a thing
+distinct from the people and the states. It is not an objective power
+only, but subjective; it is in every State and in every freeman. It is not
+in machinery, which can be set in motion and work out certain results, as
+if every part of it were iron or steel, and put into action by applied
+heat; but in _men_, in minds, in hearts, in the family circle, in the
+church, in every throb of patriotism, in every fibre of the husbandman and
+the artizan, in the pastor's prayers, and the student's living thoughts.
+It is in the _nation_ like latent fire, like a hidden life--evoked in time
+of peril, and flashing along the telegraph, breathed in song, uttered in
+oratory, thundered from the cannon's mouth, hung out in streaming banners
+whose "every hue was born in heaven," felt in firm resolve, illustrated in
+response to the call of country and of law. Where is our government? Not
+at Washington alone. That is but its symbol. It is throughout all our
+Loyal States. It is enthroned on the granite hills of New Hampshire, sends
+its voice along the Alleghanies, and on the swelling floods of the
+Mississippi, and spreads its wing over the children of the West, even to
+the shores of Oregon. It lives in every cottage, and every mansion, and
+has a throne in every true, free, noble, Christian heart.
+
+That it is a _good_ government, you have only in imagination to blot from
+the face of the earth whatever has grown up under its protection and
+encouragement, by the will and the blessing of the Almighty, during the
+fourscore years of its existence; level all the cities, sink the commerce,
+prostrate the schools and churches, obliterate all the science, history
+and thought it has fostered, quench the light of oratory, turn back the
+wheel of improvement, and leave us at the opening of 1776; estimate all
+the freedom of act, of utterance, of industry; reckon the sum of human
+comforts, even of luxuries, it has brought to our hand. Look at all our
+ships, our mechanism, our homes, our sanctuaries, our institutions of
+morality, of mercy and of religion; our wealth, intelligence, order,
+power; consider the elevation given to millions in the worst form of
+civilization in the land, showing that such is the vitalizing force of our
+national life, that even slavery here, bad as it is--and we know of
+nothing worse as a system--lifts men above the natural license of savage
+existence. Consider all this, and much more, that I may not stop to utter,
+and you cannot--you _do_ not--no sane mind _can_ question the supreme
+excellence--I had almost said the _divine_ excellence--of our
+government. And if there were need of other proof, we have only to remind
+you with what promptness the call of our noble Chief Magistrate was
+answered from every free State--from the city and the hamlet; from the
+bank, the bar, the press and the pulpit; from the workshop and the soil;
+from the calm and comfort of home and ease and affluence, and from the
+cottage of the poor, as if the pulse of the government were beating in
+every vein, and the will of the Cabinet had its home in every bosom!
+Strong men, young men, aged men, men of leisure, Christian men--all ready
+to march under the stars and stripes, or to pour out their treasure for
+others. Mothers and wives and sisters, with breaking hearts and tremulous
+benedictions, bidding the heroes go--offering them on their country's
+altar. Oh, it would not be thus but for the true manhood which our
+government infuses into loyal citizens. It would not be so, but for the
+Christianity it protects without dictation, and acknowledges without
+ostentation.
+
+
+
+II. We come now to the question, _What constitutes rebellion against good
+government_?
+
+
+There may be criminal rebellion even against a wicked and oppressive
+government. The people may take the law into their own hands, and put to
+death, or imprison their rulers, without _first_ having tried
+constitutional methods of redress. But I speak of rebellion against _good_
+government--such as we have already had in review. There is a difference
+between insurrection and rebellion. The former is an act of a people or
+population against a single statute, or against a portion of the
+legislative enactments, without necessarily growing into warfare, or
+revolt against the whole constitution and the laws. This may become
+rebellion. There is also a difference between rebellion and revolution.
+The latter, in a political sense, is a change, either wholly or in part,
+of the constitution. This may be effected by argument and a peaceful
+vote--by abdication, by a change of national policy in view of some new
+relation, and by general consent, or by warfare. "The revolution in
+England in 1688, was occasioned by the abdication of James II., the
+establishment of the House of Orange on the throne, and the restoring of
+the constitution to its primitive state."
+
+Our revolution of '76, and onward, was not a rebellion; it was resistance
+of oppression, of burdensome taxation without equal representation, and it
+resulted in our distinct nationality.
+
+The revolutions of France have been of a similar character; they have
+sprung from oppression of the most severe and unnatural kind. This was the
+fact, at least, in 1797 and in 1830. In 1848, when it was my lot to be in
+the midst of it, the revolution arose from the selfish conduct of Louis
+Philippe, who enriched himself and his family out of the national
+treasury, and encouraged his sons in a course which was at war with
+national precedent, with the commercial interests and democratic
+individualism of the French; for with their imperial prestiges and tastes
+they are extreme in their personal democracy.
+
+But all these revolutions resulted in good to the people. Education,
+public spirit, enterprise, labor, all the arts of civilization, and even
+evangelical Christianity received a new impulse. Mind was opened and
+enlarged; the people thought for themselves, and sighed for knowledge and
+a better faith.
+
+Revolution is going on silently, from year to year, in England. The
+nobility yield by slow, almost imperceptible degrees, to the demands of
+the people. It is by this process that the Government avoids the shocks
+which startle Austria, France and Italy.
+
+Such is the variety of honest opinion among men on all subjects; so
+different are the degrees of information, and the opportunities of judging
+with regard to the best measures of government; such a diversity exists in
+the interests and abilities of a people,--that they may be good citizens
+without being satisfied altogether with the constitution, or with those
+who administer its laws. There will be different political parties. It is
+the glory of a government that the people are allowed to think and vote as
+they please, and to express their honest opinions. Perhaps with us,
+expression is too free, especially in regard to public men and measures.
+We may have diverse views and convictions, and yet feel and act loyally.
+But men who endeavor by any influence or means to lessen the loyalty of
+others, to alienate the love of the people from the government, and who
+signify their own aversion, not by condemning a single statute and seeking
+its lawful repeal, but by heaping abuse on the constitution and on those
+who are chosen to administer the laws, by avowing their hostility to the
+government and its policy, or their purpose to resist and war against
+it,--are in a posture of rebellion. Those who, being in office, commanding
+the arms and other property of the government, cause them to be removed so
+as to weaken its power and strengthen those in actual rebellion, or who
+are threatening the same; those who aid and comfort a population or
+soldiery who are in a state of actual resistance, and finally, those who
+do openly and avowedly renounce the authority of the government to which
+they have sworn allegiance, or take up arms to attack its strongholds,
+seize or destroy its property, or injure the soldiers and citizens who are
+sent to protect it,--are in a state of rebellion against its laws and
+against the commonwealth over which it holds the shield of its authority.
+
+Korah was a rebel and a traitor, who having, by intrigue, inspired some
+other leaders with the spirit of sedition, succeeded in drawing from their
+allegiance to Moses and Aaron, a large number of the people, who came
+together in a mob to demand a different administration. They were invited
+to refer the matter to the Divine decision, but they stoutly refused,
+accusing Moses of assumption, thus endeavoring to destroy his authority
+over the nation. That was rebellion. Again, in the reign of David, his son
+Absalom drew the people from their allegiance, then seized the reins of
+government and pursued his father with an army. That was rebellion against
+wholesome law, against the will of God.
+
+Now we have the painful fact before us, that rebellion has sprung up
+against our good government. Men in many quarters have secretly plotted,
+and openly avowed hostility to our Federal Union. Eight of our States have
+passed the Ordinance of Secession, four or five others are assuming an
+attitude of hostility to the General Government, or refusing to comply
+with the Executive, who calls on them to aid in the defence of the
+Capital. This state of things has been preceded by acts of treachery on
+the part of leading men in the States, by seizure of arms, money, and
+public defences,--the property of the government. A new Confederacy is
+formed, contrary to oaths and compacts, for the purpose of destroying our
+Union, and giving perpetuity to slavery. It has attacked our forts,
+adulterated our coin, stolen our arms, proclaimed piracy against our
+commerce, set a price on the head of our Chief Magistrate, threatened our
+Capital, and raised armies to exterminate, if possible, our nationality.
+And all this it has done without one act of the Government to provoke such
+procedure; without any oppression; without any threat; but in the face of
+every honorable proposal on our part, after long and patient endurance of
+their encroachment and plunders; even until foreign journals deride us for
+our forbearance, and the rebels themselves insult our delay.
+
+There are those who have compared this rebellion with our revolution of
+'76. There could hardly be a wider distinction, both in principle and in
+fact, than between these two movements. The Colonies, had been oppressed
+by "navigation laws," intended by the British Parliament to crush out
+their commerce for a whole century, from 1660 to 1775. Their weakness
+during that period did not allow of resistance. They were taxed
+oppressively, while they were not allowed a representation. This was in
+violation of Magna Charta; for the government of Great Britain was
+representative. Having been aided by the Colonists during the Seven Years'
+War, in the subjugation of Canada, the Parent Government--without asking
+taxation through the regular action of the Colonial Government--assumed
+the right to tax our expanding commerce, and commenced a vigorous
+enforcement of revenue laws. "Writs of Assistance" were issued, whereby
+officers of the king were allowed to break open any citizen's store or
+dwelling, to search for, and seize foreign merchandise; sheriffs also were
+compelled to assist in the work. The sanctions of private life might, by
+this act be invaded at any time by hirelings; and bad as it was in itself,
+it was liable to more monstrous abuse. Then came the "_sugar bill_,"
+imposing enormous duties on various articles of merchandise from the West
+Indies, and greatly crippling Colonial commerce: then the infamous Stamp
+Act, by which every legal instrument, in order to validity, must have the
+seal of the British Government--deeds, diplomas, &c., costing from
+thirty-six cents to ten dollars apiece: then the duty on tea; and,
+finally, the quartering of soldiers on our citizens in time of peace, for
+the express purpose of subjugating our industry and energy to the selfish
+purposes of the crown.
+
+It is enough to say, that the rebels against our Government have suffered
+no oppression. They do not set forth any legal ground of Secession. The
+government has done nothing to call out their indignation, or to inflict
+on them a wrong. They have had more than their share of public office;
+they have had a larger representation, in proportion to their free
+citizens, than we have; they have been protected in their claims, even
+against the convictions of the North; we yielding, as a political demand,
+what we do not wholly admit as a Christian duty. We have assisted them by
+enactments, by money, and by arms, in the preservation of a system at war
+with our conscience, and with our liberties. We have paid for lands which
+they occupy; and after all their indignities and taunts, and attacks on
+our citizens, their plunders, and their warlike demonstrations, we have
+been patient; and are even now imposing on ourselves restraint from the
+execution of that chastisement, which many of their sober and awed
+citizens acknowledge to be just, and which, if the call were made by the
+Executive, would at once be hurled on the rebels by an indignant people,
+like the rush of destiny.
+
+Now, I grant, for I do not wish to make the matter worse than it is
+against them, that in the North, individuals have demanded more than the
+South were able, at once, to give. Some have pushed reform faster than it
+would bear, faster than the laws of Providence would allow; but it was
+honestly and conscientiously done. We have sometimes in our warmth,
+uttered irritating words; but all this has been returned by blows, and by
+savage vindictiveness. We have shown a willingness, of late, to yield some
+things; to abide by the sense of the whole people; but these States are,
+by their rulers, declared _out of the Union_, without appeal to the
+people; they have commenced the war, and now they are regarded by the
+whole world as in a state of rebellion, not of justifiable revolution.
+They would submit to no method of adjustment that we could honorably
+allow. They desired war, as they have been for years preparing for it, at
+the expense of the Government, and in its service and trust, drawing their
+life from the bosom which they now sting; and because freedom will no
+longer bow, as it has done for a whole generation, to their will, they
+rebel, proclaim a system of piracy, and threaten the subjugation of the
+whole American people. It is a deep, and long determined treason, running
+into the whole national life, and is become to ourselves a question of
+_personal_ liberty.
+
+
+
+
+III. What then, we ask, _is the duty of all citizens when good government
+is assailed by rebellion_?
+
+
+Doubtless, _one_ duty is to inquire whether they have in any way
+contributed criminally to the occasion or the causes of such rebellion;
+whether they have demanded too much of the disaffected, or encouraged a
+wrong spirit in them by coinciding with views leading to their present
+attitude; whether they have participated in any way with a policy
+calculated to irritate, to defy, to provoke honest minds to anger? Whether
+as individuals, as Christians, they have been bitter and harsh, and
+vengeful, or are so now; and if they find any such spirit, it becomes them
+to repent, and school themselves into Christian charity and moderation.
+But, notwithstanding any possible error in the past, the Christian citizen
+must consecrate himself to the defence of the government and its _policy_;
+for however, there is a distinction ordinarily between the two; in a
+crisis that involves a nation's life, the policy which would save it, is
+the spirit of government and order.
+
+The true Christian will pray, and speak, and write, and labor, and die for
+its success! Will give assurance of his sympathy and support, and refuse
+to do any act that can be construed into _comfort_ to the rebels. He will
+encourage troops called to support the government, and its policy, giving
+them food, clothing, advice, BIBLES AND ARMS. He will rouse their
+patriotism, and call down on them the benediction of heaven. This is the
+duty of ministers, and magistrates, of churches and individual Christians.
+And if the rebellion continue, it is their duty to advocate and help to
+form armies of sufficient numbers and power to utterly subjugate the
+rebels, and, if they cannot otherwise be brought to submit, put an end to
+their existence. That is what God did by the hand of Israel, to Korah and
+Absalom; and it is the legitimate issue, if needs be, of all successful
+resistance,--of all defensive warfare. To deny it, is to deny the right of
+self-defence. It is to put a man in a position where he must love his
+enemy better than himself and children, which even Christianity does not
+demand, though it does enjoin forbearance, charity, and sacrifice. To deny
+this is to condemn the principles of our Revolution, and to sanction the
+plunder and destruction of national property and being.
+
+What, therefore, is our duty, now that rebellion actually rages against
+our mild, equal, good Government--the best, on the whole, that the world
+ever saw? rebellion without cause; with no legitimate ground of offence;
+rebellion for the sake of a dark and demoralizing system, that has robbed
+half the nation of its conscience, and cursed it with an inveterate
+idolatry. What is our duty? What is mine as a citizen, a Christian, a
+minister of God--as a man? What is yours? Plainly to ask, What have
+I--either by demanding too much, not in abstract right, but in the light
+of present possibility--contributed towards this fearful condition? What
+by my love of money, my sanction of oppression, my apologies for wrong, my
+complaint against government, my support of wrong principles, my neglect
+to vote and pray for the right, my boast of national greatness, my worship
+of power and neglect of goodness, my forgetfulness of God? What by all
+these, and more that I do not think of, have I done palpably, possibly,
+toward bringing on this terrible crime against justice, humanity and law?
+Then it is my duty to repent of all this and deplore it. It is also my
+duty to strive against personal hatred and revenge, and to pray for my
+country's enemies just as I would for my own, and _because_ they are my
+own--not that they prosper in their rebellion, but that they repent and
+find mercy, and acknowledge the authority against which they are at war.
+It is our duty specially to pity and pray for the multitudes of good
+citizens and their families, who cannot escape from among the rebels, and
+who are in great jeopardy; men who love law and the Constitution, and the
+whole country; who are either resisting, under the greatest pressure, the
+evil that is upon them, or yielding through fear and force. We feel for
+them; we call them our brothers. But it is also my duty and yours to
+support our government--our administration; to pray for and sympathize
+with our President and his Cabinet in their most trying posture, in the
+midst of such perils, and with so meagre means for the moment, of
+establishing order, and setting the nationality in permanent security. It
+is our duty to report traitors to the police, that they may be lawfully
+cared for; to help our militia and volunteers with every comfort and
+defence; to hold up the arm of government so long as rebels remain.
+
+This is _our_ country, bought with blood. It is second only to the
+redemption which Christ purchased for us! And if we are called to contend
+with principalities and powers, and spiritual wickedness in high places,
+for the safety of our souls, surely we may contend with flesh and blood,
+with rebels and traitors, to save this glorious inheritance from the gulf
+of anarchy and the bonds of a lasting servitude. _War is terrible_, but
+slavery and plunder and the silent gangrene of national dishonor, bribery
+and perverted conscience are worse. The burst of a thunder cloud may break
+down a forest of lofty pines, but the slow delving of the mole may
+undermine a thousand habitations. The secret corrosions of the ship-worm
+will sink a fleet.
+
+This deep-working, inward ruin is appearing on the face of society. The
+stupendous fact is, that from Baltimore, onward throughout the disaffected
+States, the population is under the guidance of mad leaders, and exposed
+to mob power. Thousands of good citizens are flying to us for protection;
+thousands more forced into the war against the country, and other
+thousands sighing and praying in secret that God will give success to our
+arms and rescue themselves and their families from ruin. For these, as
+well as for our liberties and honors are we summoned to war; it were a
+crime to be inactive. The Bible is militant. Christianity is a warfare
+with sin. Life is militant,--a perpetual fight with death. If our
+blessings are worth praying for and praising for, they are worth
+_fighting_ for, and if not to be otherwise secured, _must be fought for_.
+
+I want this country to live! I want my children to grow up under its
+shield! I want to see constitutional liberty mount above the obstacles of
+ages, and rise higher and higher here, I want Italy to look toward us now
+with hope! I cannot bear to hear the cry of shame that will come over the
+Atlantic from the vineyards of France, from the glaciers of Switzerland,
+and from the steppes of Russia, if we permit the walls of our blood-bought
+inheritance to be broken down. For the sake of God, liberty, religion, all
+over the earth, I want our flag to be honored abroad.
+
+In the French revolution of '48, a deputation came to me to demand the
+American church at Havre, for the purpose of holding a political meeting,
+I refused. They intimated that it would be torn down. I had only to assure
+them that I would plant our flag on it, and if they touched it with rude
+hands, they would have to answer to our government. That was the last of
+the matter. This power we must have still; and to secure this the whole
+North and West must awake, and act--for the multitudes who in the Border
+States demand our aid; for the thousands of laboring, suffering poor who
+tremble beneath the glance of the proud chevalier; for the sake of our
+education, our lands, our homes, our Christianity. We are sure that
+success on our part now will demonstrate to the world the inherent power
+of our nation. They cannot behold the united action and offering of
+_nineteen millions_ in the free States--all animated with the spirit of
+liberty, religion and law, and resolved to crush treason and rebellion at
+any cost--without a deeper conviction of our real might, without a new
+impression of the majesty that reposes in a people's will! All Europe
+approves of this war; and struggling nationalities look with anxious
+expectancy for the issue.
+
+It is a war for government, for order. It is against the power and rage of
+the mob, led on by ambitious men who are mad at the loss of power. There
+is nothing more sublime than law; holding unseen the hearts and interests
+of millions, protecting their rights, and giving them full, happy
+development. Our flag represents law, liberty, sublime sacrifice, national
+life. It is therefore right even for the Christian to fight for its
+perpetuity. If I may defend myself and family, the nation is greater than
+my family and myself; and calls more powerfully for my service. And this
+war, entered on by necessity, and with the grand purpose of protecting
+order and law, and rescuing a whole population from ruin, is inspiring in
+its motive, and therefore elevating in its influence. We are consciously
+better, nobler, in proportion as we forget ourselves in the sublime idea
+of our nationality, and all that this nationality can do. When men fight
+for plunder, or victory alone, they labor downward, they become brutish;
+but a war for true liberty, for national life, for our homes and our
+inheritance, and for the oppressed, is elevating, purifying. War is
+terrible in itself, and in some of its consequences, but there is a bow on
+the cloud. When the bolt has spent itself in the pestiferous air, all
+nature is bright and glorious. With true discipline, soldiers are made
+vigorous in body; they are also quickened in mind by the tactics and
+incitements of warfare, they are ennobled by high motives, and may leave
+the campaign better than when they entered it. Courage is awakened; love
+of liberty and order inspired; benevolence increased; and loyalty exalted
+by this war. What men bleed for they value. I have been delighted with the
+eagerness with which many soldiers whom I have visited, listened to
+Christian address, and received the word of God. It is a matter of
+gratulation that but few arrests are made in our city in these days, not
+because the police are less watchful, but because the debased portion of
+the population are inspired with a better thought. It is also hopeful to
+find, that many who entered our city as volunteers, or as drafted
+soldiers, are actually being reformed from their evil habits, under the
+greater strictness of camp discipline.
+
+We are cheered also by the fact that the people generally are more earnest
+than formerly in their attendance on divine worship; more solemn, and full
+of feeling, and disposed to study the Bible, They need God. They look to
+God. We all feel the Bible to be more than ever precious. Its solemn
+prophecies are swelling into fulfillment. The day of God is approaching,
+and the kingdoms of the earth are giving way for the coming of the Great
+King!
+
+The feeling is, and ought to be, intense for the conflict. Let the
+question be decided. Let half a million of freemen be called, when the
+time shall indicate, to form a line of fire along the boundary that
+separates Secession from loyalty. Let them take up their mighty march
+through the revolted territory, if it will not otherwise submit, and
+proclaim as they go, "Liberty throughout the land!" Let the flag that
+waved over the suffering heroes of Valley Forge, and the conquerors of
+Yorktown, wave forever on the Capitol, and over every village and subject
+in the land! Nay, it must be so. We must bow, if we do not conquer. They
+have proclaimed it. Come down, then, from the Northern mountains, and out
+from the forests and the fields, ye sons of the Pilgrims, with your firm
+force of will, and your achieving arms! Come up from the marts of
+commerce, ye daring children of the Empire State, and ye firm hearts of
+New Jersey and of Delaware! Come forth from the echoes of Erie, and the
+shores of Michigan and Superior! Come from the free air of Western
+Virginia and Ohio, from the loyal districts of Maryland, Kentucky, and
+Tennessee! Come forth from the great West! and with them, go, ye strong
+and true of my adopted State and City, who listened even in your cradles,
+to the bell which gives out its tones over the birth-place of our
+liberties! Go forth, and live the epic that future ages shall sing: be
+yours the glory of _rooting this treason out_! And as they go, bless them,
+aged fathers with tremulous voice! and mothers, bid them God speed! wives
+and sisters and Christian hearts, load them with your gifts and your
+prayers! And when they are gone, remember them at the home altar, and
+bless God that your country does not want defenders; and when your tears
+are dried up, and your cause is proclaimed triumphant, weep again tears of
+joy as you clasp the returning heroes to your arms! Or, if they shall be
+borne home to you wounded and worn in their country's service, be grateful
+that your eye can watch over them, and your hand minister to their
+necessities and griefs. Or finally, should they fall in battle, you will
+have the consolation of knowing that they saved your country; that they
+did something to consolidate its strength, and illustrate its glory
+before the world. For we are destined to conquer,--and after this trial
+the nation will come forth as gold. We need to suffer that we may value
+our liberties. From the valley of tears arise notes of victory and
+hallelujahs. Nations as well as saints, come up out of great tribulation.
+
+                          "None die in vain
+    Upon their country's war-fields! Every drop
+    Of blood, thus poured for faith and freedom, hath
+    A tone, which from the night of ages, from the gulf
+    Of death, shall burst, and make its high appeal
+    Sound unto earth and heaven."
+
+The motto now is--"No compromise! _Submission_! Give up the leaders of
+rebellion! Bow to law! Nay, more--no longer _ask_ us to protect your dark
+system!"
+
+But it is possible that, while we stir ourselves up to a fierce
+belligerency against rebellion, and rush into hot condemnation of those
+whom we once called "_brethren," we_ are rebels against God! Some of you
+who are equipping for the war, and ready to take the field in defence of
+your country and her laws, are in heart at war with holiness and God! You
+may see in the fever of our whole population what men think of treason
+against a good earthly government! See also in the commands of God, in the
+life and death of Jesus, in the declared interest and anxious watchfulness
+of angels, in the whole glorified army that shall attend the Great King
+when he comes to set up his final assize,--what the Principalities and
+Powers in Heaven think of your treason against the holy government of
+Jehovah! Behold in the uplifted arm of Justice--hear in the voice of the
+Judge, what shall be done to him who will not repent! Now the offers of
+pardon are made through the death and sacrifice of Jesus. Repent; forsake
+your sin; lay down your arms; retire from your rebellious attitude; and
+from the throne of Mercy shall the fact be proclaimed, that _you_ are
+pardoned and restored!
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Government and Rebellion, by E. E. Adams
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10517 ***
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10517 ***</div>
+
+<h1 class="title">Government and Rebellion.</h1>
+
+<h2 class="subtitle">A sermon delivered in the<br /> North Broad Street Presbyterian Church,<br />
+Sunday Morning, April 28 1861,</h2>
+
+<p align="center" class="smallcaps">By</p>
+
+<h2 class="author">Rev. E. E. Adams.</h2>
+
+<h3>Published by Request.</h3>
+
+<h4>1861.</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>Government and Rebellion.</h1>
+
+
+<blockquote><p>  An evil man seeketh only rebellion; therefore a cruel messenger shall be
+  sent against him.--Prov. xvii. 11.</p></blockquote>
+
+
+<p>We have in these words this plain announcement--that Rebellion is a crime,
+and shall be visited with terrible judgment. Solomon here speaks his own
+convictions; God declares his thought, and utters his sanction of law.
+This is also the expression of natural conscience,--vindicating in our
+breast the Divine procedure, when the majesty of insulted government is
+asserted, and penalty applied.</p>
+
+<p>God never overlooks rebellion against his throne--never pardons the rebel
+until he repent and submit. God does not command us to forgive our
+offending fellow-men, unless they repent. "If thy brother trespass against
+thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn to thee, saying,
+I repent, thou shalt forgive him." God is in a forgiving attitude; so
+ought we to be. But he does not <i>express</i> forgiveness until the rebel
+expresses penitence; neither are we under obligation to <i>pronounce</i> an
+enemy forgiven until he signify his compunction and sorrow, and desist
+from his injurious conduct. If my child rebel against my law and my
+rightful discipline, I am not allowed by the spirit of love to pursue him
+with vengeance; neither am I bound by the law of God to release him from
+the penalty of his sin, until he shall have exhibited signs of submission,
+of sorrow, and of obedience. I may pity him, and cherish toward him the
+<i>spirit</i> of forgiveness; but for his own sake, for the order of the
+household, and on account of my innate sense of justice, I must not
+pronounce his acquittal, nor declare the controversy ended, until he shall
+have satisfied my governmental authority, and the sentiment of justice
+which both his own conscience and mine, constitutionally, and therefore by
+necessity, cherish. And I do not see that Government can safely pardon a
+rebel against its statutes, its honor and its common brotherhood, until
+his rebellion cease; until he bow to law, confess his crime, and signify
+his sorrow. I speak not of oppressive government, of iniquitous law; but
+of <i>good</i> government, of statutes healthful, humane, equal. Although in
+the former case rebellion cannot be justified until every constitutional
+measure has been resorted to for redress,--then, if redress be not given,
+the voice of the people in all representative governments may legally
+change oppressive for just laws, and oppressors for rulers who shall
+regard the popular will. And in despotisms, when the people have the
+<i>power</i> to redress their wrongs, and to enter on a career of development
+in mind and morals, in the arts of civilization,--when every other course
+fails--"resistance to tyrants is obedience to God!" Man was not <i>made</i> for
+tyranny. He was not made for any form of government that crushes out his
+intellect and his religious capabilities. He was made to be governed
+morally; to be under righteous law; law which, while it restrains passion,
+selfishness and crime, gives a man all the freedom that he is able and
+willing to <i>use</i> safely for himself, and for the commonwealth; all that is
+consistent with individual development and the national good.</p>
+
+<p>I am not one of those who believe that the voice of the people is, without
+exception, the voice of God. It was not so at the Deluge, but quite the
+reverse. It was not so when Israel clamored for a king--not in mercy but
+in anger, God gave them their request. It was not so when Absalom stole
+the hearts of the people, and stirred up rebellion against his father. And
+yet, when a nation, independent of party, free from the excitements of
+momentary interest, without the influence of ambitious leaders, under the
+calm guidance of reason, history, and the spirit of the age,--rises
+spontaneously against oppression, against iniquity, and <i>demands</i> just
+laws; rights for all; free thought, free speech, free labor, free worship;
+when compacts are not violated; when moderation is maintained; when the
+spirit of humanity is preserved,--<i>then</i>, I believe, "the voice of the
+people <i>is</i> the voice of God." I have no question that, in the great
+principle, Cromwell and his puritan hosts were right in their
+revolutionary action. I could never doubt that our fathers did a noble,
+glorious, and Christian deed in throwing off the yoke of Britain, and
+proclaiming a new government for themselves and their posterity. It was
+right to contend and bleed for equal representation, for freedom of
+conscience, and for an independent nationality in which these high ends
+could be secured.</p>
+
+<p>The first government of which we have account was a Theocracy--that is,
+"the government of God." <i>He</i> was the only King. He revealed the law,
+appointed leaders, gave rules for worship, instruction and warfare. Thus
+in the outset did he set up his claims among men. He established the great
+precedent, which men ought to have followed, which the world has ignored;
+but to which the thoughts and the will of the race shall ultimately
+return. It is true <i>now</i> that government, as such, is ordained of God. All
+government, in its elemental authority, is a theocracy. All power is of
+God; he ordains law. He originates the idea of civil compact. While,
+therefore, the principles of governments among men may be defective, and
+the administration wrong and hurtful, the great <i>fact</i> of government is a
+<i>Divine fact. Good</i> government is <i>emphatically God's</i> government--intended
+to suppress evil, to promote holiness and happiness. "The powers that be
+are ordained of God." "Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth
+the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves
+damnation." Despisers of government are enumerated by the Apostle as among
+the most flagitious of men. There are <i>statutes</i> in almost every government
+which may not be absolutely right; some which may be oppressive. These are
+to be distinguished from the principles, from the general bearing of a
+government, and endured for the good therein, or be rid of by
+constitutional and safe methods. It is a duty of each subject and citizen
+to surrender some of his desires and preferences--some of his convictions
+possibly--for the <i>general</i> sentiment--the comprehensive good; while he has
+the privilege of convincing by fair argument all others, and winning them
+to his views and measures if possible, without violence, without
+infringement of law. It is not to be expected that every man should be
+absolutely satisfied with any government. If he is called to yield only
+his share of personal interest and preference, for the sake of all the
+protection and blessing in which he participates in common with the state,
+his reason, his conscience, his patriotism will joyfully acquiesce; he will
+freely make so much sacrifice for the interests of the whole, knowing very
+well that every other citizen is likely to be under an equal sacrifice.
+Natural, individual liberty, without law, is only barbarism. Where every
+man is free to do whatever his worst passions prompt, there is in fact no
+freedom; there is tyranny; for the strong will subdue the weak, bone and
+muscle will govern mind and conscience. In laws and governments men have
+their best thoughts; human <i>law</i> is likely to be better than human
+nature. Men feel the need of restraint--are convinced of the necessity of
+law. They therefore make laws in self-defence; if thereby they would <i>not</i>
+restrain their own selfishness, they <i>would</i> restrain the selfishness
+of others; but that which is made a barrier to <i>one</i> bad subject is
+also a defence against all;--thus men do restrain themselves by their
+defences against others. Thus it is that, with healthful convictions, men
+may control diseased passion; with a right <i>ideal</i> is intimately
+joined a safe actuality; with good law, a comparatively good condition.
+Even in the worst administration, and when the public mind is most
+demoralized, there may remain the purity of law; the sublime thought.
+If the mind finds itself sinking into lawlessness and disorganism, and
+borne away by the pressure of evil, it can look upward, and, catching new
+energy from the unquenched light--</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>    "Spring into the realm of the ideal."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Our destiny is ideal. We are on our way to the Unseen. The ideal draws us
+upward,--<i>real</i> now, to the spirits of just men made perfect--to be real
+to us when we are perfect--<i>once</i> ideal to them, as now to us. We must
+keep above us the model of life and of law which we have not yet attained.
+Let it never be dim. It is a star shining through time's night! A banner
+waving from the throne of God. It tells us of the goal. It points out our
+futurity--the altitude of our virtue, our exaltation, our bliss.</p>
+
+<p>Our subject is <span class="smallcaps">Government and Man</span>. We proceed to consider it in a
+three-fold aspect, inquiring</p>
+<ol>
+    <li><a href="#ch-01"><i>What is good government?</i></a></li>
+    <li><a href="#ch-02"><i>What constitutes rebellion against such government?</i></a></li>
+    <li><a href="#ch-03"><i>What is the duty of each citizen when rebellion exists?</i></a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+
+<h2 id="ch-01">I. <i>What is a good government?</i></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>No citizen looks for an absolutely perfect form of nationality--of law.
+But we have a right to ask for good government. We have been accustomed to
+think that it depends more on administration than on principle; and the
+line of the poet, "That which is best administered, is best," is a
+proverb, to the sentiment of which we too freely yield. No doubt a
+government with bad statutes and wrong laws, may be so administered as to
+produce a tolerable degree of national comfort and development for a
+season; while a Constitution perfect in its theories and principles, may
+be so maladministered as to corrupt and distract, impoverish and
+demoralize, a people. And yet, I agree with an old patriot of the past
+century who said, "There is no foundation to imagine that the goodness or
+badness of any government depends solely upon its administration. It must
+be allowed that the ultimate design of government is to restrain the
+corruptions of human nature; and, since human nature is the same at all
+times and in all places, the same form of government which is best for one
+nation is best for all nations, if they would <i>only agree to adopt</i> it."</p>
+
+<p>There is a deep thought in this remark. We often say, for example, "France
+is not fit for a republican form of government," and it is true; but that
+is <i>not</i> to say, "A republican form of government is not fit for France,"
+if the population would agree to adopt and preserve it. Man, in his
+fallen state, is not fit for the holy government of God; but that holy
+government is, nevertheless, the <i>only</i> one that is fit for man as a moral
+being; and it is man's ignorance and folly, his guilt and ruin, that he
+does not adopt it. It is owing to the ignorance and wickedness of the
+world that it is not fit for a representative government; and that all do
+not choose Christ to be their King.
+
+Were a score of the professional politicians of our land to frame a
+Constitution for us in full accordance with their own schemes and choice,
+we would soon find ourselves under an oligarchy of schemers, who cared for
+the Republic only so far as to secure from it their own fame and
+emolument. Were as many brokers or merchants to make and administer our
+laws, without regard to other industrial interests, we should have an
+oligarchy of trade. Were as many husbandmen, or mechanics, or lawyers, to
+have full control of our legislation and government, we would have one
+interest towering above all others, and true equalization, true
+brotherhood, just representation, healthful nationality would be
+impossible. Or, were we dependent on officers in the army or navy for our
+government, legislative and administrative, we would be likely to have
+many of our rights circumscribed. Were as many clergymen to frame a
+Constitution, and administer laws, we might be under a crushing
+priesthood. A government of mere scholars, poets or orators, would be only
+a sublime dream. A Constitution of philosophies alone, would glitter with
+abstractions beautiful, cold, grand as the snow-capt Alps, and as distant,
+too, from the actualities of men! A government of mere gentlemen who have
+nothing to do but think for slaves, to enjoy the chase and the
+race-ground, to extol their pedigree, and traduce labor, and lead
+retainers to war--would be a government for the few over the many, an
+aristocracy of blood and privilege, of curled moustache and taper fingers;
+but not a republic of patriots, of self-made men, of equal privilege and
+just laws. It would be a return to semi-barbarism, to the age of Louis
+XIV., or even of Charles I.</p>
+
+<p>This is now the strong tendency in the Rebel States: even along our free
+border, but below it, such is the system of representation, that a county
+containing only about 3,000 inhabitants, sends as many representatives to
+the legislature as another county of 30,000, and a single proprietor casts
+as many votes as a whole commune. So much liberty of citizens is already
+sacrificed to the chevalier, to the system of forced service.</p>
+
+<p>But were a select number of experienced men, of true statesmen, embracing
+different pursuits and professions, educated in different parts of the
+world, and drawn together by grand national events,--statesmen born in the
+age when liberty had its first grand revival, and was guarded by soberness
+of thought, and tried by every variety and extent of sacrifice--by men who
+had no professional, exclusive interest to provide for, but who expected
+to fight and die for their convictions, who sought only to lay the
+foundation of a nationality for future generations, and for the world; who
+aimed at a healthful union of all popular interests, both among poor and
+rich, among masters and dependents; who provided for freedom of action
+under law; of worship and education, of commerce, agriculture, and the
+arts; for the easy and equitable support of government,--for its
+perpetuity indeed, infusing into it elements that appeal powerfully, both
+to the self-interest and the patriotism of the citizens,--I say, were such
+men, with such ends in view, by such sacrifice, to frame such a
+government, containing the most delicate balance of interests, with strong
+checks against the encroachment of any branch, either the legislative,
+executive or judicial, giving all trades and professions, and all men, an
+equal chance for excellence, influence, and honor; you would not hesitate
+to pronounce that a good government, even though you might find slight
+exception to some of its terms, though you might not interpret as others
+do, all its constitutional phrases.</p>
+
+<p>In view of the protection which such a constitution affords, especially if
+it had been tested, for a period of eighty years, by all the inward strain
+of domestic evils, and all the outward pressure of invasion; by the
+influence of foreign envy, of intrigue, of hostility; by the debasing
+power of disloyalty, the incompetency of rulers, and the general
+degeneracy of human nature; I say, in view of all these untoward
+influences, the government which could still retain its majesty and power,
+still stretch its Aegis over every national and individual right--you
+would pronounce the best, both for ruler and people, that ever blessed a
+nation. And you would not hesitate to declare <i>that</i> man a <i>traitor</i>, who
+should attempt <i>to weaken</i> and destroy it!</p>
+
+<p>Now we pretend to say that <i>our</i> government was thus formed by the
+choicest wisdom and patriotism of the world, with the largest liberty in
+view, under the restraint of law, giving equitable privilege to all its
+citizens, and so balancing its different departments that they are
+mutually a defence. We pretend to claim for our government the loftiest
+purpose, the most comprehensive views, and the best practical results. We
+claim for it justice, equality, and power. It does not stand out--a thing
+distinct from the people and the states. It is not an objective power
+only, but subjective; it is in every State and in every freeman. It is not
+in machinery, which can be set in motion and work out certain results, as
+if every part of it were iron or steel, and put into action by applied
+heat; but in <i>men</i>, in minds, in hearts, in the family circle, in the
+church, in every throb of patriotism, in every fibre of the husbandman and
+the artizan, in the pastor's prayers, and the student's living thoughts.
+It is in the <i>nation</i> like latent fire, like a hidden life--evoked in time
+of peril, and flashing along the telegraph, breathed in song, uttered in
+oratory, thundered from the cannon's mouth, hung out in streaming banners
+whose "every hue was born in heaven," felt in firm resolve, illustrated in
+response to the call of country and of law. Where is our government? Not
+at Washington alone. That is but its symbol. It is throughout all our
+Loyal States. It is enthroned on the granite hills of New Hampshire, sends
+its voice along the Alleghanies, and on the swelling floods of the
+Mississippi, and spreads its wing over the children of the West, even to
+the shores of Oregon. It lives in every cottage, and every mansion, and
+has a throne in every true, free, noble, Christian heart.</p>
+
+<p>That it is a <i>good</i> government, you have only in imagination to blot from
+the face of the earth whatever has grown up under its protection and
+encouragement, by the will and the blessing of the Almighty, during the
+fourscore years of its existence; level all the cities, sink the commerce,
+prostrate the schools and churches, obliterate all the science, history
+and thought it has fostered, quench the light of oratory, turn back the
+wheel of improvement, and leave us at the opening of 1776; estimate all
+the freedom of act, of utterance, of industry; reckon the sum of human
+comforts, even of luxuries, it has brought to our hand. Look at all our
+ships, our mechanism, our homes, our sanctuaries, our institutions of
+morality, of mercy and of religion; our wealth, intelligence, order,
+power; consider the elevation given to millions in the worst form of
+civilization in the land, showing that such is the vitalizing force of our
+national life, that even slavery here, bad as it is--and we know of
+nothing worse as a system--lifts men above the natural license of savage
+existence. Consider all this, and much more, that I may not stop to utter,
+and you cannot--you <i>do</i> not--no sane mind <i>can</i> question the supreme
+excellence--I had almost said the <i>divine</i> excellence--of our
+government. And if there were need of other proof, we have only to remind
+you with what promptness the call of our noble Chief Magistrate was
+answered from every free State--from the city and the hamlet; from the
+bank, the bar, the press and the pulpit; from the workshop and the soil;
+from the calm and comfort of home and ease and affluence, and from the
+cottage of the poor, as if the pulse of the government were beating in
+every vein, and the will of the Cabinet had its home in every bosom!
+Strong men, young men, aged men, men of leisure, Christian men--all ready
+to march under the stars and stripes, or to pour out their treasure for
+others. Mothers and wives and sisters, with breaking hearts and tremulous
+benedictions, bidding the heroes go--offering them on their country's
+altar. Oh, it would not be thus but for the true manhood which our
+government infuses into loyal citizens. It would not be so, but for the
+Christianity it protects without dictation, and acknowledges without
+ostentation.</p>
+
+
+
+<h2 id="ch-02">II. We come now to the question, <i>What constitutes rebellion against good
+government?</i></h2>
+
+
+<p>There may be criminal rebellion even against a wicked and oppressive
+government. The people may take the law into their own hands, and put to
+death, or imprison their rulers, without <i>first</i> having tried
+constitutional methods of redress. But I speak of rebellion against <i>good</i>
+government--such as we have already had in review. There is a difference
+between insurrection and rebellion. The former is an act of a people or
+population against a single statute, or against a portion of the
+legislative enactments, without necessarily growing into warfare, or
+revolt against the whole constitution and the laws. This may become
+rebellion. There is also a difference between rebellion and revolution.
+The latter, in a political sense, is a change, either wholly or in part,
+of the constitution. This may be effected by argument and a peaceful
+vote--by abdication, by a change of national policy in view of some new
+relation, and by general consent, or by warfare. "The revolution in
+England in 1688, was occasioned by the abdication of James II., the
+establishment of the House of Orange on the throne, and the restoring of
+the constitution to its primitive state."</p>
+
+<p>Our revolution of '76, and onward, was not a rebellion; it was resistance
+of oppression, of burdensome taxation without equal representation, and it
+resulted in our distinct nationality.</p>
+
+<p>The revolutions of France have been of a similar character; they have
+sprung from oppression of the most severe and unnatural kind. This was the
+fact, at least, in 1797 and in 1830. In 1848, when it was my lot to be in
+the midst of it, the revolution arose from the selfish conduct of Louis
+Philippe, who enriched himself and his family out of the national
+treasury, and encouraged his sons in a course which was at war with
+national precedent, with the commercial interests and democratic
+individualism of the French; for with their imperial prestiges and tastes
+they are extreme in their personal democracy.</p>
+
+<p>But all these revolutions resulted in good to the people. Education,
+public spirit, enterprise, labor, all the arts of civilization, and even
+evangelical Christianity received a new impulse. Mind was opened and
+enlarged; the people thought for themselves, and sighed for knowledge and
+a better faith.</p>
+
+<p>Revolution is going on silently, from year to year, in England. The
+nobility yield by slow, almost imperceptible degrees, to the demands of
+the people. It is by this process that the Government avoids the shocks
+which startle Austria, France and Italy.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the variety of honest opinion among men on all subjects; so
+different are the degrees of information, and the opportunities of judging
+with regard to the best measures of government; such a diversity exists in
+the interests and abilities of a people,--that they may be good citizens
+without being satisfied altogether with the constitution, or with those
+who administer its laws. There will be different political parties. It is
+the glory of a government that the people are allowed to think and vote as
+they please, and to express their honest opinions. Perhaps with us,
+expression is too free, especially in regard to public men and measures.
+We may have diverse views and convictions, and yet feel and act loyally.
+But men who endeavor by any influence or means to lessen the loyalty of
+others, to alienate the love of the people from the government, and who
+signify their own aversion, not by condemning a single statute and seeking
+its lawful repeal, but by heaping abuse on the constitution and on those
+who are chosen to administer the laws, by avowing their hostility to the
+government and its policy, or their purpose to resist and war against
+it,--are in a posture of rebellion. Those who, being in office, commanding
+the arms and other property of the government, cause them to be removed so
+as to weaken its power and strengthen those in actual rebellion, or who
+are threatening the same; those who aid and comfort a population or
+soldiery who are in a state of actual resistance, and finally, those who
+do openly and avowedly renounce the authority of the government to which
+they have sworn allegiance, or take up arms to attack its strongholds,
+seize or destroy its property, or injure the soldiers and citizens who are
+sent to protect it,--are in a state of rebellion against its laws and
+against the commonwealth over which it holds the shield of its authority.</p>
+
+<p>Korah was a rebel and a traitor, who having, by intrigue, inspired some
+other leaders with the spirit of sedition, succeeded in drawing from their
+allegiance to Moses and Aaron, a large number of the people, who came
+together in a mob to demand a different administration. They were invited
+to refer the matter to the Divine decision, but they stoutly refused,
+accusing Moses of assumption, thus endeavoring to destroy his authority
+over the nation. That was rebellion. Again, in the reign of David, his son
+Absalom drew the people from their allegiance, then seized the reins of
+government and pursued his father with an army. That was rebellion against
+wholesome law, against the will of God.</p>
+
+<p>Now we have the painful fact before us, that rebellion has sprung up
+against our good government. Men in many quarters have secretly plotted,
+and openly avowed hostility to our Federal Union. Eight of our States have
+passed the Ordinance of Secession, four or five others are assuming an
+attitude of hostility to the General Government, or refusing to comply
+with the Executive, who calls on them to aid in the defence of the
+Capital. This state of things has been preceded by acts of treachery on
+the part of leading men in the States, by seizure of arms, money, and
+public defences,--the property of the government. A new Confederacy is
+formed, contrary to oaths and compacts, for the purpose of destroying our
+Union, and giving perpetuity to slavery. It has attacked our forts,
+adulterated our coin, stolen our arms, proclaimed piracy against our
+commerce, set a price on the head of our Chief Magistrate, threatened our
+Capital, and raised armies to exterminate, if possible, our nationality.
+And all this it has done without one act of the Government to provoke such
+procedure; without any oppression; without any threat; but in the face of
+every honorable proposal on our part, after long and patient endurance of
+their encroachment and plunders; even until foreign journals deride us for
+our forbearance, and the rebels themselves insult our delay.</p>
+
+<p>There are those who have compared this rebellion with our revolution of
+'76. There could hardly be a wider distinction, both in principle and in
+fact, than between these two movements. The Colonies, had been oppressed
+by "navigation laws," intended by the British Parliament to crush out
+their commerce for a whole century, from 1660 to 1775. Their weakness
+during that period did not allow of resistance. They were taxed
+oppressively, while they were not allowed a representation. This was in
+violation of Magna Charta; for the government of Great Britain was
+representative. Having been aided by the Colonists during the Seven Years'
+War, in the subjugation of Canada, the Parent Government--without asking
+taxation through the regular action of the Colonial Government--assumed
+the right to tax our expanding commerce, and commenced a vigorous
+enforcement of revenue laws. "Writs of Assistance" were issued, whereby
+officers of the king were allowed to break open any citizen's store or
+dwelling, to search for, and seize foreign merchandise; sheriffs also were
+compelled to assist in the work. The sanctions of private life might, by
+this act be invaded at any time by hirelings; and bad as it was in itself,
+it was liable to more monstrous abuse. Then came the "<i>sugar bill</i>,"
+imposing enormous duties on various articles of merchandise from the West
+Indies, and greatly crippling Colonial commerce: then the infamous Stamp
+Act, by which every legal instrument, in order to validity, must have the
+seal of the British Government--deeds, diplomas, &amp;c., costing from
+thirty-six cents to ten dollars apiece: then the duty on tea; and,
+finally, the quartering of soldiers on our citizens in time of peace, for
+the express purpose of subjugating our industry and energy to the selfish
+purposes of the crown.</p>
+
+<p>It is enough to say, that the rebels against our Government have suffered
+no oppression. They do not set forth any legal ground of Secession. The
+government has done nothing to call out their indignation, or to inflict
+on them a wrong. They have had more than their share of public office;
+they have had a larger representation, in proportion to their free
+citizens, than we have; they have been protected in their claims, even
+against the convictions of the North; we yielding, as a political demand,
+what we do not wholly admit as a Christian duty. We have assisted them by
+enactments, by money, and by arms, in the preservation of a system at war
+with our conscience, and with our liberties. We have paid for lands which
+they occupy; and after all their indignities and taunts, and attacks on
+our citizens, their plunders, and their warlike demonstrations, we have
+been patient; and are even now imposing on ourselves restraint from the
+execution of that chastisement, which many of their sober and awed
+citizens acknowledge to be just, and which, if the call were made by the
+Executive, would at once be hurled on the rebels by an indignant people,
+like the rush of destiny.</p>
+
+<p>Now, I grant, for I do not wish to make the matter worse than it is
+against them, that in the North, individuals have demanded more than the
+South were able, at once, to give. Some have pushed reform faster than it
+would bear, faster than the laws of Providence would allow; but it was
+honestly and conscientiously done. We have sometimes in our warmth,
+uttered irritating words; but all this has been returned by blows, and by
+savage vindictiveness. We have shown a willingness, of late, to yield some
+things; to abide by the sense of the whole people; but these States are,
+by their rulers, declared <i>out of the Union</i>, without appeal to the
+people; they have commenced the war, and now they are regarded by the
+whole world as in a state of rebellion, not of justifiable revolution.
+They would submit to no method of adjustment that we could honorably
+allow. They desired war, as they have been for years preparing for it, at
+the expense of the Government, and in its service and trust, drawing their
+life from the bosom which they now sting; and because freedom will no
+longer bow, as it has done for a whole generation, to their will, they
+rebel, proclaim a system of piracy, and threaten the subjugation of the
+whole American people. It is a deep, and long determined treason, running
+into the whole national life, and is become to ourselves a question of
+<i>personal</i> liberty.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="ch-03">III. What then, we ask, <i>is the duty of all citizens when good government
+is assailed by rebellion?</i></h3>
+
+
+<p>Doubtless, <i>one</i> duty is to inquire whether they have in any way
+contributed criminally to the occasion or the causes of such rebellion;
+whether they have demanded too much of the disaffected, or encouraged a
+wrong spirit in them by coinciding with views leading to their present
+attitude; whether they have participated in any way with a policy
+calculated to irritate, to defy, to provoke honest minds to anger? Whether
+as individuals, as Christians, they have been bitter and harsh, and
+vengeful, or are so now; and if they find any such spirit, it becomes them
+to repent, and school themselves into Christian charity and moderation.
+But, notwithstanding any possible error in the past, the Christian citizen
+must consecrate himself to the defence of the government and its <i>policy</i>;
+for however, there is a distinction ordinarily between the two; in a
+crisis that involves a nation's life, the policy which would save it, is
+the spirit of government and order.</p>
+
+<p>The true Christian will pray, and speak, and write, and labor, and die for
+its success! Will give assurance of his sympathy and support, and refuse
+to do any act that can be construed into <i>comfort</i> to the rebels. He will
+encourage troops called to support the government, and its policy, giving
+them food, clothing, advice, BIBLES AND ARMS. He will rouse their
+patriotism, and call down on them the benediction of heaven. This is the
+duty of ministers, and magistrates, of churches and individual Christians.
+And if the rebellion continue, it is their duty to advocate and help to
+form armies of sufficient numbers and power to utterly subjugate the
+rebels, and, if they cannot otherwise be brought to submit, put an end to
+their existence. That is what God did by the hand of Israel, to Korah and
+Absalom; and it is the legitimate issue, if needs be, of all successful
+resistance,--of all defensive warfare. To deny it, is to deny the right of
+self-defence. It is to put a man in a position where he must love his
+enemy better than himself and children, which even Christianity does not
+demand, though it does enjoin forbearance, charity, and sacrifice. To deny
+this is to condemn the principles of our Revolution, and to sanction the
+plunder and destruction of national property and being.</p>
+
+<p>What, therefore, is our duty, now that rebellion actually rages against
+our mild, equal, good Government--the best, on the whole, that the world
+ever saw? rebellion without cause; with no legitimate ground of offence;
+rebellion for the sake of a dark and demoralizing system, that has robbed
+half the nation of its conscience, and cursed it with an inveterate
+idolatry. What is our duty? What is mine as a citizen, a Christian, a
+minister of God--as a man? What is yours? Plainly to ask, What have
+I--either by demanding too much, not in abstract right, but in the light
+of present possibility--contributed towards this fearful condition? What
+by my love of money, my sanction of oppression, my apologies for wrong, my
+complaint against government, my support of wrong principles, my neglect
+to vote and pray for the right, my boast of national greatness, my worship
+of power and neglect of goodness, my forgetfulness of God? What by all
+these, and more that I do not think of, have I done palpably, possibly,
+toward bringing on this terrible crime against justice, humanity and law?
+Then it is my duty to repent of all this and deplore it. It is also my
+duty to strive against personal hatred and revenge, and to pray for my
+country's enemies just as I would for my own, and <i>because</i> they are my
+own--not that they prosper in their rebellion, but that they repent and
+find mercy, and acknowledge the authority against which they are at war.
+It is our duty specially to pity and pray for the multitudes of good
+citizens and their families, who cannot escape from among the rebels, and
+who are in great jeopardy; men who love law and the Constitution, and the
+whole country; who are either resisting, under the greatest pressure, the
+evil that is upon them, or yielding through fear and force. We feel for
+them; we call them our brothers. But it is also my duty and yours to
+support our government--our administration; to pray for and sympathize
+with our President and his Cabinet in their most trying posture, in the
+midst of such perils, and with so meagre means for the moment, of
+establishing order, and setting the nationality in permanent security. It
+is our duty to report traitors to the police, that they may be lawfully
+cared for; to help our militia and volunteers with every comfort and
+defence; to hold up the arm of government so long as rebels remain.</p>
+
+<p>This is <i>our</i> country, bought with blood. It is second only to the
+redemption which Christ purchased for us! And if we are called to contend
+with principalities and powers, and spiritual wickedness in high places,
+for the safety of our souls, surely we may contend with flesh and blood,
+with rebels and traitors, to save this glorious inheritance from the gulf
+of anarchy and the bonds of a lasting servitude. <i>War is terrible</i>, but
+slavery and plunder and the silent gangrene of national dishonor, bribery
+and perverted conscience are worse. The burst of a thunder cloud may break
+down a forest of lofty pines, but the slow delving of the mole may
+undermine a thousand habitations. The secret corrosions of the ship-worm
+will sink a fleet.</p>
+
+<p>This deep-working, inward ruin is appearing on the face of society. The
+stupendous fact is, that from Baltimore, onward throughout the disaffected
+States, the population is under the guidance of mad leaders, and exposed
+to mob power. Thousands of good citizens are flying to us for protection;
+thousands more forced into the war against the country, and other
+thousands sighing and praying in secret that God will give success to our
+arms and rescue themselves and their families from ruin. For these, as
+well as for our liberties and honors are we summoned to war; it were a
+crime to be inactive. The Bible is militant. Christianity is a warfare
+with sin. Life is militant,--a perpetual fight with death. If our
+blessings are worth praying for and praising for, they are worth
+<i>fighting</i> for, and if not to be otherwise secured, <i>must be fought for</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I want this country to live! I want my children to grow up under its
+shield! I want to see constitutional liberty mount above the obstacles of
+ages, and rise higher and higher here, I want Italy to look toward us now
+with hope! I cannot bear to hear the cry of shame that will come over the
+Atlantic from the vineyards of France, from the glaciers of Switzerland,
+and from the steppes of Russia, if we permit the walls of our blood-bought
+inheritance to be broken down. For the sake of God, liberty, religion, all
+over the earth, I want our flag to be honored abroad.</p>
+
+<p>In the French revolution of '48, a deputation came to me to demand the
+American church at Havre, for the purpose of holding a political meeting,
+I refused. They intimated that it would be torn down. I had only to assure
+them that I would plant our flag on it, and if they touched it with rude
+hands, they would have to answer to our government. That was the last of
+the matter. This power we must have still; and to secure this the whole
+North and West must awake, and act--for the multitudes who in the Border
+States demand our aid; for the thousands of laboring, suffering poor who
+tremble beneath the glance of the proud chevalier; for the sake of our
+education, our lands, our homes, our Christianity. We are sure that
+success on our part now will demonstrate to the world the inherent power
+of our nation. They cannot behold the united action and offering of
+<i>nineteen millions</i> in the free States--all animated with the spirit of
+liberty, religion and law, and resolved to crush treason and rebellion at
+any cost--without a deeper conviction of our real might, without a new
+impression of the majesty that reposes in a people's will! All Europe
+approves of this war; and struggling nationalities look with anxious
+expectancy for the issue.</p>
+
+<p>It is a war for government, for order. It is against the power and rage of
+the mob, led on by ambitious men who are mad at the loss of power. There
+is nothing more sublime than law; holding unseen the hearts and interests
+of millions, protecting their rights, and giving them full, happy
+development. Our flag represents law, liberty, sublime sacrifice, national
+life. It is therefore right even for the Christian to fight for its
+perpetuity. If I may defend myself and family, the nation is greater than
+my family and myself; and calls more powerfully for my service. And this
+war, entered on by necessity, and with the grand purpose of protecting
+order and law, and rescuing a whole population from ruin, is inspiring in
+its motive, and therefore elevating in its influence. We are consciously
+better, nobler, in proportion as we forget ourselves in the sublime idea
+of our nationality, and all that this nationality can do. When men fight
+for plunder, or victory alone, they labor downward, they become brutish;
+but a war for true liberty, for national life, for our homes and our
+inheritance, and for the oppressed, is elevating, purifying. War is
+terrible in itself, and in some of its consequences, but there is a bow on
+the cloud. When the bolt has spent itself in the pestiferous air, all
+nature is bright and glorious. With true discipline, soldiers are made
+vigorous in body; they are also quickened in mind by the tactics and
+incitements of warfare, they are ennobled by high motives, and may leave
+the campaign better than when they entered it. Courage is awakened; love
+of liberty and order inspired; benevolence increased; and loyalty exalted
+by this war. What men bleed for they value. I have been delighted with the
+eagerness with which many soldiers whom I have visited, listened to
+Christian address, and received the word of God. It is a matter of
+gratulation that but few arrests are made in our city in these days, not
+because the police are less watchful, but because the debased portion of
+the population are inspired with a better thought. It is also hopeful to
+find, that many who entered our city as volunteers, or as drafted
+soldiers, are actually being reformed from their evil habits, under the
+greater strictness of camp discipline.</p>
+
+<p>We are cheered also by the fact that the people generally are more earnest
+than formerly in their attendance on divine worship; more solemn, and full
+of feeling, and disposed to study the Bible, They need God. They look to
+God. We all feel the Bible to be more than ever precious. Its solemn
+prophecies are swelling into fulfillment. The day of God is approaching,
+and the kingdoms of the earth are giving way for the coming of the Great
+King!</p>
+
+<p>The feeling is, and ought to be, intense for the conflict. Let the
+question be decided. Let half a million of freemen be called, when the
+time shall indicate, to form a line of fire along the boundary that
+separates Secession from loyalty. Let them take up their mighty march
+through the revolted territory, if it will not otherwise submit, and
+proclaim as they go, "Liberty throughout the land!" Let the flag that
+waved over the suffering heroes of Valley Forge, and the conquerors of
+Yorktown, wave forever on the Capitol, and over every village and subject
+in the land! Nay, it must be so. We must bow, if we do not conquer. They
+have proclaimed it. Come down, then, from the Northern mountains, and out
+from the forests and the fields, ye sons of the Pilgrims, with your firm
+force of will, and your achieving arms! Come up from the marts of
+commerce, ye daring children of the Empire State, and ye firm hearts of
+New Jersey and of Delaware! Come forth from the echoes of Erie, and the
+shores of Michigan and Superior! Come from the free air of Western
+Virginia and Ohio, from the loyal districts of Maryland, Kentucky, and
+Tennessee! Come forth from the great West! and with them, go, ye strong
+and true of my adopted State and City, who listened even in your cradles,
+to the bell which gives out its tones over the birth-place of our
+liberties! Go forth, and live the epic that future ages shall sing: be
+yours the glory of <i>rooting this treason out</i>! And as they go, bless them,
+aged fathers with tremulous voice! and mothers, bid them God speed! wives
+and sisters and Christian hearts, load them with your gifts and your
+prayers! And when they are gone, remember them at the home altar, and
+bless God that your country does not want defenders; and when your tears
+are dried up, and your cause is proclaimed triumphant, weep again tears of
+joy as you clasp the returning heroes to your arms! Or, if they shall be
+borne home to you wounded and worn in their country's service, be grateful
+that your eye can watch over them, and your hand minister to their
+necessities and griefs. Or finally, should they fall in battle, you will
+have the consolation of knowing that they saved your country; that they
+did something to consolidate its strength, and illustrate its glory
+before the world. For we are destined to conquer,--and after this trial
+the nation will come forth as gold. We need to suffer that we may value
+our liberties. From the valley of tears arise notes of victory and
+hallelujahs. Nations as well as saints, come up out of great tribulation.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"None die in vain<br />
+Upon their country's war-fields! Every drop<br />
+Of blood, thus poured for faith and freedom, hath<br />
+A tone, which from the night of ages, from the gulf<br />
+Of death, shall burst, and make its high appeal<br />
+Sound unto earth and heaven."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The motto now is--"No compromise! <i>Submission</i>! Give up the leaders of
+rebellion! Bow to law! Nay, more--no longer <i>ask</i> us to protect your dark
+system!"</p>
+
+<p>But it is possible that, while we stir ourselves up to a fierce
+belligerency against rebellion, and rush into hot condemnation of those
+whom we once called "<i>brethren," we</i> are rebels against God! Some of you
+who are equipping for the war, and ready to take the field in defence of
+your country and her laws, are in heart at war with holiness and God! You
+may see in the fever of our whole population what men think of treason
+against a good earthly government! See also in the commands of God, in the
+life and death of Jesus, in the declared interest and anxious watchfulness
+of angels, in the whole glorified army that shall attend the Great King
+when he comes to set up his final assize,--what the Principalities and
+Powers in Heaven think of your treason against the holy government of
+Jehovah! Behold in the uplifted arm of Justice--hear in the voice of the
+Judge, what shall be done to him who will not repent! Now the offers of
+pardon are made through the death and sacrifice of Jesus. Repent; forsake
+your sin; lay down your arms; retire from your rebellious attitude; and
+from the throne of Mercy shall the fact be proclaimed, that <i>you</i> are
+pardoned and restored!</p>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 10517 ***</div>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Government and Rebellion, by E. E. Adams
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+Title: Government and Rebellion
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+Author: E. E. Adams
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+
+<h1 class="title">Government and Rebellion.</h1>
+
+<h2 class="subtitle">A sermon delivered in the<br /> North Broad Street Presbyterian Church,<br />
+Sunday Morning, April 28 1861,</h2>
+
+<p align="center" class="smallcaps">By</p>
+
+<h2 class="author">Rev. E. E. Adams.</h2>
+
+<h3>Published by Request.</h3>
+
+<h4>1861.</h4>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>Government and Rebellion.</h1>
+
+
+<blockquote><p>  An evil man seeketh only rebellion; therefore a cruel messenger shall be
+  sent against him.--Prov. xvii. 11.</p></blockquote>
+
+
+<p>We have in these words this plain announcement--that Rebellion is a crime,
+and shall be visited with terrible judgment. Solomon here speaks his own
+convictions; God declares his thought, and utters his sanction of law.
+This is also the expression of natural conscience,--vindicating in our
+breast the Divine procedure, when the majesty of insulted government is
+asserted, and penalty applied.</p>
+
+<p>God never overlooks rebellion against his throne--never pardons the rebel
+until he repent and submit. God does not command us to forgive our
+offending fellow-men, unless they repent. "If thy brother trespass against
+thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn to thee, saying,
+I repent, thou shalt forgive him." God is in a forgiving attitude; so
+ought we to be. But he does not <i>express</i> forgiveness until the rebel
+expresses penitence; neither are we under obligation to <i>pronounce</i> an
+enemy forgiven until he signify his compunction and sorrow, and desist
+from his injurious conduct. If my child rebel against my law and my
+rightful discipline, I am not allowed by the spirit of love to pursue him
+with vengeance; neither am I bound by the law of God to release him from
+the penalty of his sin, until he shall have exhibited signs of submission,
+of sorrow, and of obedience. I may pity him, and cherish toward him the
+<i>spirit</i> of forgiveness; but for his own sake, for the order of the
+household, and on account of my innate sense of justice, I must not
+pronounce his acquittal, nor declare the controversy ended, until he shall
+have satisfied my governmental authority, and the sentiment of justice
+which both his own conscience and mine, constitutionally, and therefore by
+necessity, cherish. And I do not see that Government can safely pardon a
+rebel against its statutes, its honor and its common brotherhood, until
+his rebellion cease; until he bow to law, confess his crime, and signify
+his sorrow. I speak not of oppressive government, of iniquitous law; but
+of <i>good</i> government, of statutes healthful, humane, equal. Although in
+the former case rebellion cannot be justified until every constitutional
+measure has been resorted to for redress,--then, if redress be not given,
+the voice of the people in all representative governments may legally
+change oppressive for just laws, and oppressors for rulers who shall
+regard the popular will. And in despotisms, when the people have the
+<i>power</i> to redress their wrongs, and to enter on a career of development
+in mind and morals, in the arts of civilization,--when every other course
+fails--"resistance to tyrants is obedience to God!" Man was not <i>made</i> for
+tyranny. He was not made for any form of government that crushes out his
+intellect and his religious capabilities. He was made to be governed
+morally; to be under righteous law; law which, while it restrains passion,
+selfishness and crime, gives a man all the freedom that he is able and
+willing to <i>use</i> safely for himself, and for the commonwealth; all that is
+consistent with individual development and the national good.</p>
+
+<p>I am not one of those who believe that the voice of the people is, without
+exception, the voice of God. It was not so at the Deluge, but quite the
+reverse. It was not so when Israel clamored for a king--not in mercy but
+in anger, God gave them their request. It was not so when Absalom stole
+the hearts of the people, and stirred up rebellion against his father. And
+yet, when a nation, independent of party, free from the excitements of
+momentary interest, without the influence of ambitious leaders, under the
+calm guidance of reason, history, and the spirit of the age,--rises
+spontaneously against oppression, against iniquity, and <i>demands</i> just
+laws; rights for all; free thought, free speech, free labor, free worship;
+when compacts are not violated; when moderation is maintained; when the
+spirit of humanity is preserved,--<i>then</i>, I believe, "the voice of the
+people <i>is</i> the voice of God." I have no question that, in the great
+principle, Cromwell and his puritan hosts were right in their
+revolutionary action. I could never doubt that our fathers did a noble,
+glorious, and Christian deed in throwing off the yoke of Britain, and
+proclaiming a new government for themselves and their posterity. It was
+right to contend and bleed for equal representation, for freedom of
+conscience, and for an independent nationality in which these high ends
+could be secured.</p>
+
+<p>The first government of which we have account was a Theocracy--that is,
+"the government of God." <i>He</i> was the only King. He revealed the law,
+appointed leaders, gave rules for worship, instruction and warfare. Thus
+in the outset did he set up his claims among men. He established the great
+precedent, which men ought to have followed, which the world has ignored;
+but to which the thoughts and the will of the race shall ultimately
+return. It is true <i>now</i> that government, as such, is ordained of God. All
+government, in its elemental authority, is a theocracy. All power is of
+God; he ordains law. He originates the idea of civil compact. While,
+therefore, the principles of governments among men may be defective, and
+the administration wrong and hurtful, the great <i>fact</i> of government is a
+<i>Divine fact. Good</i> government is <i>emphatically God's</i> government--intended
+to suppress evil, to promote holiness and happiness. "The powers that be
+are ordained of God." "Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth
+the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves
+damnation." Despisers of government are enumerated by the Apostle as among
+the most flagitious of men. There are <i>statutes</i> in almost every government
+which may not be absolutely right; some which may be oppressive. These are
+to be distinguished from the principles, from the general bearing of a
+government, and endured for the good therein, or be rid of by
+constitutional and safe methods. It is a duty of each subject and citizen
+to surrender some of his desires and preferences--some of his convictions
+possibly--for the <i>general</i> sentiment--the comprehensive good; while he has
+the privilege of convincing by fair argument all others, and winning them
+to his views and measures if possible, without violence, without
+infringement of law. It is not to be expected that every man should be
+absolutely satisfied with any government. If he is called to yield only
+his share of personal interest and preference, for the sake of all the
+protection and blessing in which he participates in common with the state,
+his reason, his conscience, his patriotism will joyfully acquiesce; he will
+freely make so much sacrifice for the interests of the whole, knowing very
+well that every other citizen is likely to be under an equal sacrifice.
+Natural, individual liberty, without law, is only barbarism. Where every
+man is free to do whatever his worst passions prompt, there is in fact no
+freedom; there is tyranny; for the strong will subdue the weak, bone and
+muscle will govern mind and conscience. In laws and governments men have
+their best thoughts; human <i>law</i> is likely to be better than human
+nature. Men feel the need of restraint--are convinced of the necessity of
+law. They therefore make laws in self-defence; if thereby they would <i>not</i>
+restrain their own selfishness, they <i>would</i> restrain the selfishness
+of others; but that which is made a barrier to <i>one</i> bad subject is
+also a defence against all;--thus men do restrain themselves by their
+defences against others. Thus it is that, with healthful convictions, men
+may control diseased passion; with a right <i>ideal</i> is intimately
+joined a safe actuality; with good law, a comparatively good condition.
+Even in the worst administration, and when the public mind is most
+demoralized, there may remain the purity of law; the sublime thought.
+If the mind finds itself sinking into lawlessness and disorganism, and
+borne away by the pressure of evil, it can look upward, and, catching new
+energy from the unquenched light--</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>    "Spring into the realm of the ideal."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>Our destiny is ideal. We are on our way to the Unseen. The ideal draws us
+upward,--<i>real</i> now, to the spirits of just men made perfect--to be real
+to us when we are perfect--<i>once</i> ideal to them, as now to us. We must
+keep above us the model of life and of law which we have not yet attained.
+Let it never be dim. It is a star shining through time's night! A banner
+waving from the throne of God. It tells us of the goal. It points out our
+futurity--the altitude of our virtue, our exaltation, our bliss.</p>
+
+<p>Our subject is <span class="smallcaps">Government and Man</span>. We proceed to consider it in a
+three-fold aspect, inquiring</p>
+<ol>
+    <li><a href="#ch-01"><i>What is good government?</i></a></li>
+    <li><a href="#ch-02"><i>What constitutes rebellion against such government?</i></a></li>
+    <li><a href="#ch-03"><i>What is the duty of each citizen when rebellion exists?</i></a></li>
+</ol>
+
+
+
+<h2 id="ch-01">I. <i>What is a good government?</i></h2>
+
+
+
+<p>No citizen looks for an absolutely perfect form of nationality--of law.
+But we have a right to ask for good government. We have been accustomed to
+think that it depends more on administration than on principle; and the
+line of the poet, "That which is best administered, is best," is a
+proverb, to the sentiment of which we too freely yield. No doubt a
+government with bad statutes and wrong laws, may be so administered as to
+produce a tolerable degree of national comfort and development for a
+season; while a Constitution perfect in its theories and principles, may
+be so maladministered as to corrupt and distract, impoverish and
+demoralize, a people. And yet, I agree with an old patriot of the past
+century who said, "There is no foundation to imagine that the goodness or
+badness of any government depends solely upon its administration. It must
+be allowed that the ultimate design of government is to restrain the
+corruptions of human nature; and, since human nature is the same at all
+times and in all places, the same form of government which is best for one
+nation is best for all nations, if they would <i>only agree to adopt</i> it."</p>
+
+<p>There is a deep thought in this remark. We often say, for example, "France
+is not fit for a republican form of government," and it is true; but that
+is <i>not</i> to say, "A republican form of government is not fit for France,"
+if the population would agree to adopt and preserve it. Man, in his
+fallen state, is not fit for the holy government of God; but that holy
+government is, nevertheless, the <i>only</i> one that is fit for man as a moral
+being; and it is man's ignorance and folly, his guilt and ruin, that he
+does not adopt it. It is owing to the ignorance and wickedness of the
+world that it is not fit for a representative government; and that all do
+not choose Christ to be their King.
+
+Were a score of the professional politicians of our land to frame a
+Constitution for us in full accordance with their own schemes and choice,
+we would soon find ourselves under an oligarchy of schemers, who cared for
+the Republic only so far as to secure from it their own fame and
+emolument. Were as many brokers or merchants to make and administer our
+laws, without regard to other industrial interests, we should have an
+oligarchy of trade. Were as many husbandmen, or mechanics, or lawyers, to
+have full control of our legislation and government, we would have one
+interest towering above all others, and true equalization, true
+brotherhood, just representation, healthful nationality would be
+impossible. Or, were we dependent on officers in the army or navy for our
+government, legislative and administrative, we would be likely to have
+many of our rights circumscribed. Were as many clergymen to frame a
+Constitution, and administer laws, we might be under a crushing
+priesthood. A government of mere scholars, poets or orators, would be only
+a sublime dream. A Constitution of philosophies alone, would glitter with
+abstractions beautiful, cold, grand as the snow-capt Alps, and as distant,
+too, from the actualities of men! A government of mere gentlemen who have
+nothing to do but think for slaves, to enjoy the chase and the
+race-ground, to extol their pedigree, and traduce labor, and lead
+retainers to war--would be a government for the few over the many, an
+aristocracy of blood and privilege, of curled moustache and taper fingers;
+but not a republic of patriots, of self-made men, of equal privilege and
+just laws. It would be a return to semi-barbarism, to the age of Louis
+XIV., or even of Charles I.</p>
+
+<p>This is now the strong tendency in the Rebel States: even along our free
+border, but below it, such is the system of representation, that a county
+containing only about 3,000 inhabitants, sends as many representatives to
+the legislature as another county of 30,000, and a single proprietor casts
+as many votes as a whole commune. So much liberty of citizens is already
+sacrificed to the chevalier, to the system of forced service.</p>
+
+<p>But were a select number of experienced men, of true statesmen, embracing
+different pursuits and professions, educated in different parts of the
+world, and drawn together by grand national events,--statesmen born in the
+age when liberty had its first grand revival, and was guarded by soberness
+of thought, and tried by every variety and extent of sacrifice--by men who
+had no professional, exclusive interest to provide for, but who expected
+to fight and die for their convictions, who sought only to lay the
+foundation of a nationality for future generations, and for the world; who
+aimed at a healthful union of all popular interests, both among poor and
+rich, among masters and dependents; who provided for freedom of action
+under law; of worship and education, of commerce, agriculture, and the
+arts; for the easy and equitable support of government,--for its
+perpetuity indeed, infusing into it elements that appeal powerfully, both
+to the self-interest and the patriotism of the citizens,--I say, were such
+men, with such ends in view, by such sacrifice, to frame such a
+government, containing the most delicate balance of interests, with strong
+checks against the encroachment of any branch, either the legislative,
+executive or judicial, giving all trades and professions, and all men, an
+equal chance for excellence, influence, and honor; you would not hesitate
+to pronounce that a good government, even though you might find slight
+exception to some of its terms, though you might not interpret as others
+do, all its constitutional phrases.</p>
+
+<p>In view of the protection which such a constitution affords, especially if
+it had been tested, for a period of eighty years, by all the inward strain
+of domestic evils, and all the outward pressure of invasion; by the
+influence of foreign envy, of intrigue, of hostility; by the debasing
+power of disloyalty, the incompetency of rulers, and the general
+degeneracy of human nature; I say, in view of all these untoward
+influences, the government which could still retain its majesty and power,
+still stretch its Aegis over every national and individual right--you
+would pronounce the best, both for ruler and people, that ever blessed a
+nation. And you would not hesitate to declare <i>that</i> man a <i>traitor</i>, who
+should attempt <i>to weaken</i> and destroy it!</p>
+
+<p>Now we pretend to say that <i>our</i> government was thus formed by the
+choicest wisdom and patriotism of the world, with the largest liberty in
+view, under the restraint of law, giving equitable privilege to all its
+citizens, and so balancing its different departments that they are
+mutually a defence. We pretend to claim for our government the loftiest
+purpose, the most comprehensive views, and the best practical results. We
+claim for it justice, equality, and power. It does not stand out--a thing
+distinct from the people and the states. It is not an objective power
+only, but subjective; it is in every State and in every freeman. It is not
+in machinery, which can be set in motion and work out certain results, as
+if every part of it were iron or steel, and put into action by applied
+heat; but in <i>men</i>, in minds, in hearts, in the family circle, in the
+church, in every throb of patriotism, in every fibre of the husbandman and
+the artizan, in the pastor's prayers, and the student's living thoughts.
+It is in the <i>nation</i> like latent fire, like a hidden life--evoked in time
+of peril, and flashing along the telegraph, breathed in song, uttered in
+oratory, thundered from the cannon's mouth, hung out in streaming banners
+whose "every hue was born in heaven," felt in firm resolve, illustrated in
+response to the call of country and of law. Where is our government? Not
+at Washington alone. That is but its symbol. It is throughout all our
+Loyal States. It is enthroned on the granite hills of New Hampshire, sends
+its voice along the Alleghanies, and on the swelling floods of the
+Mississippi, and spreads its wing over the children of the West, even to
+the shores of Oregon. It lives in every cottage, and every mansion, and
+has a throne in every true, free, noble, Christian heart.</p>
+
+<p>That it is a <i>good</i> government, you have only in imagination to blot from
+the face of the earth whatever has grown up under its protection and
+encouragement, by the will and the blessing of the Almighty, during the
+fourscore years of its existence; level all the cities, sink the commerce,
+prostrate the schools and churches, obliterate all the science, history
+and thought it has fostered, quench the light of oratory, turn back the
+wheel of improvement, and leave us at the opening of 1776; estimate all
+the freedom of act, of utterance, of industry; reckon the sum of human
+comforts, even of luxuries, it has brought to our hand. Look at all our
+ships, our mechanism, our homes, our sanctuaries, our institutions of
+morality, of mercy and of religion; our wealth, intelligence, order,
+power; consider the elevation given to millions in the worst form of
+civilization in the land, showing that such is the vitalizing force of our
+national life, that even slavery here, bad as it is--and we know of
+nothing worse as a system--lifts men above the natural license of savage
+existence. Consider all this, and much more, that I may not stop to utter,
+and you cannot--you <i>do</i> not--no sane mind <i>can</i> question the supreme
+excellence--I had almost said the <i>divine</i> excellence--of our
+government. And if there were need of other proof, we have only to remind
+you with what promptness the call of our noble Chief Magistrate was
+answered from every free State--from the city and the hamlet; from the
+bank, the bar, the press and the pulpit; from the workshop and the soil;
+from the calm and comfort of home and ease and affluence, and from the
+cottage of the poor, as if the pulse of the government were beating in
+every vein, and the will of the Cabinet had its home in every bosom!
+Strong men, young men, aged men, men of leisure, Christian men--all ready
+to march under the stars and stripes, or to pour out their treasure for
+others. Mothers and wives and sisters, with breaking hearts and tremulous
+benedictions, bidding the heroes go--offering them on their country's
+altar. Oh, it would not be thus but for the true manhood which our
+government infuses into loyal citizens. It would not be so, but for the
+Christianity it protects without dictation, and acknowledges without
+ostentation.</p>
+
+
+
+<h2 id="ch-02">II. We come now to the question, <i>What constitutes rebellion against good
+government?</i></h2>
+
+
+<p>There may be criminal rebellion even against a wicked and oppressive
+government. The people may take the law into their own hands, and put to
+death, or imprison their rulers, without <i>first</i> having tried
+constitutional methods of redress. But I speak of rebellion against <i>good</i>
+government--such as we have already had in review. There is a difference
+between insurrection and rebellion. The former is an act of a people or
+population against a single statute, or against a portion of the
+legislative enactments, without necessarily growing into warfare, or
+revolt against the whole constitution and the laws. This may become
+rebellion. There is also a difference between rebellion and revolution.
+The latter, in a political sense, is a change, either wholly or in part,
+of the constitution. This may be effected by argument and a peaceful
+vote--by abdication, by a change of national policy in view of some new
+relation, and by general consent, or by warfare. "The revolution in
+England in 1688, was occasioned by the abdication of James II., the
+establishment of the House of Orange on the throne, and the restoring of
+the constitution to its primitive state."</p>
+
+<p>Our revolution of '76, and onward, was not a rebellion; it was resistance
+of oppression, of burdensome taxation without equal representation, and it
+resulted in our distinct nationality.</p>
+
+<p>The revolutions of France have been of a similar character; they have
+sprung from oppression of the most severe and unnatural kind. This was the
+fact, at least, in 1797 and in 1830. In 1848, when it was my lot to be in
+the midst of it, the revolution arose from the selfish conduct of Louis
+Philippe, who enriched himself and his family out of the national
+treasury, and encouraged his sons in a course which was at war with
+national precedent, with the commercial interests and democratic
+individualism of the French; for with their imperial prestiges and tastes
+they are extreme in their personal democracy.</p>
+
+<p>But all these revolutions resulted in good to the people. Education,
+public spirit, enterprise, labor, all the arts of civilization, and even
+evangelical Christianity received a new impulse. Mind was opened and
+enlarged; the people thought for themselves, and sighed for knowledge and
+a better faith.</p>
+
+<p>Revolution is going on silently, from year to year, in England. The
+nobility yield by slow, almost imperceptible degrees, to the demands of
+the people. It is by this process that the Government avoids the shocks
+which startle Austria, France and Italy.</p>
+
+<p>Such is the variety of honest opinion among men on all subjects; so
+different are the degrees of information, and the opportunities of judging
+with regard to the best measures of government; such a diversity exists in
+the interests and abilities of a people,--that they may be good citizens
+without being satisfied altogether with the constitution, or with those
+who administer its laws. There will be different political parties. It is
+the glory of a government that the people are allowed to think and vote as
+they please, and to express their honest opinions. Perhaps with us,
+expression is too free, especially in regard to public men and measures.
+We may have diverse views and convictions, and yet feel and act loyally.
+But men who endeavor by any influence or means to lessen the loyalty of
+others, to alienate the love of the people from the government, and who
+signify their own aversion, not by condemning a single statute and seeking
+its lawful repeal, but by heaping abuse on the constitution and on those
+who are chosen to administer the laws, by avowing their hostility to the
+government and its policy, or their purpose to resist and war against
+it,--are in a posture of rebellion. Those who, being in office, commanding
+the arms and other property of the government, cause them to be removed so
+as to weaken its power and strengthen those in actual rebellion, or who
+are threatening the same; those who aid and comfort a population or
+soldiery who are in a state of actual resistance, and finally, those who
+do openly and avowedly renounce the authority of the government to which
+they have sworn allegiance, or take up arms to attack its strongholds,
+seize or destroy its property, or injure the soldiers and citizens who are
+sent to protect it,--are in a state of rebellion against its laws and
+against the commonwealth over which it holds the shield of its authority.</p>
+
+<p>Korah was a rebel and a traitor, who having, by intrigue, inspired some
+other leaders with the spirit of sedition, succeeded in drawing from their
+allegiance to Moses and Aaron, a large number of the people, who came
+together in a mob to demand a different administration. They were invited
+to refer the matter to the Divine decision, but they stoutly refused,
+accusing Moses of assumption, thus endeavoring to destroy his authority
+over the nation. That was rebellion. Again, in the reign of David, his son
+Absalom drew the people from their allegiance, then seized the reins of
+government and pursued his father with an army. That was rebellion against
+wholesome law, against the will of God.</p>
+
+<p>Now we have the painful fact before us, that rebellion has sprung up
+against our good government. Men in many quarters have secretly plotted,
+and openly avowed hostility to our Federal Union. Eight of our States have
+passed the Ordinance of Secession, four or five others are assuming an
+attitude of hostility to the General Government, or refusing to comply
+with the Executive, who calls on them to aid in the defence of the
+Capital. This state of things has been preceded by acts of treachery on
+the part of leading men in the States, by seizure of arms, money, and
+public defences,--the property of the government. A new Confederacy is
+formed, contrary to oaths and compacts, for the purpose of destroying our
+Union, and giving perpetuity to slavery. It has attacked our forts,
+adulterated our coin, stolen our arms, proclaimed piracy against our
+commerce, set a price on the head of our Chief Magistrate, threatened our
+Capital, and raised armies to exterminate, if possible, our nationality.
+And all this it has done without one act of the Government to provoke such
+procedure; without any oppression; without any threat; but in the face of
+every honorable proposal on our part, after long and patient endurance of
+their encroachment and plunders; even until foreign journals deride us for
+our forbearance, and the rebels themselves insult our delay.</p>
+
+<p>There are those who have compared this rebellion with our revolution of
+'76. There could hardly be a wider distinction, both in principle and in
+fact, than between these two movements. The Colonies, had been oppressed
+by "navigation laws," intended by the British Parliament to crush out
+their commerce for a whole century, from 1660 to 1775. Their weakness
+during that period did not allow of resistance. They were taxed
+oppressively, while they were not allowed a representation. This was in
+violation of Magna Charta; for the government of Great Britain was
+representative. Having been aided by the Colonists during the Seven Years'
+War, in the subjugation of Canada, the Parent Government--without asking
+taxation through the regular action of the Colonial Government--assumed
+the right to tax our expanding commerce, and commenced a vigorous
+enforcement of revenue laws. "Writs of Assistance" were issued, whereby
+officers of the king were allowed to break open any citizen's store or
+dwelling, to search for, and seize foreign merchandise; sheriffs also were
+compelled to assist in the work. The sanctions of private life might, by
+this act be invaded at any time by hirelings; and bad as it was in itself,
+it was liable to more monstrous abuse. Then came the "<i>sugar bill</i>,"
+imposing enormous duties on various articles of merchandise from the West
+Indies, and greatly crippling Colonial commerce: then the infamous Stamp
+Act, by which every legal instrument, in order to validity, must have the
+seal of the British Government--deeds, diplomas, &amp;c., costing from
+thirty-six cents to ten dollars apiece: then the duty on tea; and,
+finally, the quartering of soldiers on our citizens in time of peace, for
+the express purpose of subjugating our industry and energy to the selfish
+purposes of the crown.</p>
+
+<p>It is enough to say, that the rebels against our Government have suffered
+no oppression. They do not set forth any legal ground of Secession. The
+government has done nothing to call out their indignation, or to inflict
+on them a wrong. They have had more than their share of public office;
+they have had a larger representation, in proportion to their free
+citizens, than we have; they have been protected in their claims, even
+against the convictions of the North; we yielding, as a political demand,
+what we do not wholly admit as a Christian duty. We have assisted them by
+enactments, by money, and by arms, in the preservation of a system at war
+with our conscience, and with our liberties. We have paid for lands which
+they occupy; and after all their indignities and taunts, and attacks on
+our citizens, their plunders, and their warlike demonstrations, we have
+been patient; and are even now imposing on ourselves restraint from the
+execution of that chastisement, which many of their sober and awed
+citizens acknowledge to be just, and which, if the call were made by the
+Executive, would at once be hurled on the rebels by an indignant people,
+like the rush of destiny.</p>
+
+<p>Now, I grant, for I do not wish to make the matter worse than it is
+against them, that in the North, individuals have demanded more than the
+South were able, at once, to give. Some have pushed reform faster than it
+would bear, faster than the laws of Providence would allow; but it was
+honestly and conscientiously done. We have sometimes in our warmth,
+uttered irritating words; but all this has been returned by blows, and by
+savage vindictiveness. We have shown a willingness, of late, to yield some
+things; to abide by the sense of the whole people; but these States are,
+by their rulers, declared <i>out of the Union</i>, without appeal to the
+people; they have commenced the war, and now they are regarded by the
+whole world as in a state of rebellion, not of justifiable revolution.
+They would submit to no method of adjustment that we could honorably
+allow. They desired war, as they have been for years preparing for it, at
+the expense of the Government, and in its service and trust, drawing their
+life from the bosom which they now sting; and because freedom will no
+longer bow, as it has done for a whole generation, to their will, they
+rebel, proclaim a system of piracy, and threaten the subjugation of the
+whole American people. It is a deep, and long determined treason, running
+into the whole national life, and is become to ourselves a question of
+<i>personal</i> liberty.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3 id="ch-03">III. What then, we ask, <i>is the duty of all citizens when good government
+is assailed by rebellion?</i></h3>
+
+
+<p>Doubtless, <i>one</i> duty is to inquire whether they have in any way
+contributed criminally to the occasion or the causes of such rebellion;
+whether they have demanded too much of the disaffected, or encouraged a
+wrong spirit in them by coinciding with views leading to their present
+attitude; whether they have participated in any way with a policy
+calculated to irritate, to defy, to provoke honest minds to anger? Whether
+as individuals, as Christians, they have been bitter and harsh, and
+vengeful, or are so now; and if they find any such spirit, it becomes them
+to repent, and school themselves into Christian charity and moderation.
+But, notwithstanding any possible error in the past, the Christian citizen
+must consecrate himself to the defence of the government and its <i>policy</i>;
+for however, there is a distinction ordinarily between the two; in a
+crisis that involves a nation's life, the policy which would save it, is
+the spirit of government and order.</p>
+
+<p>The true Christian will pray, and speak, and write, and labor, and die for
+its success! Will give assurance of his sympathy and support, and refuse
+to do any act that can be construed into <i>comfort</i> to the rebels. He will
+encourage troops called to support the government, and its policy, giving
+them food, clothing, advice, BIBLES AND ARMS. He will rouse their
+patriotism, and call down on them the benediction of heaven. This is the
+duty of ministers, and magistrates, of churches and individual Christians.
+And if the rebellion continue, it is their duty to advocate and help to
+form armies of sufficient numbers and power to utterly subjugate the
+rebels, and, if they cannot otherwise be brought to submit, put an end to
+their existence. That is what God did by the hand of Israel, to Korah and
+Absalom; and it is the legitimate issue, if needs be, of all successful
+resistance,--of all defensive warfare. To deny it, is to deny the right of
+self-defence. It is to put a man in a position where he must love his
+enemy better than himself and children, which even Christianity does not
+demand, though it does enjoin forbearance, charity, and sacrifice. To deny
+this is to condemn the principles of our Revolution, and to sanction the
+plunder and destruction of national property and being.</p>
+
+<p>What, therefore, is our duty, now that rebellion actually rages against
+our mild, equal, good Government--the best, on the whole, that the world
+ever saw? rebellion without cause; with no legitimate ground of offence;
+rebellion for the sake of a dark and demoralizing system, that has robbed
+half the nation of its conscience, and cursed it with an inveterate
+idolatry. What is our duty? What is mine as a citizen, a Christian, a
+minister of God--as a man? What is yours? Plainly to ask, What have
+I--either by demanding too much, not in abstract right, but in the light
+of present possibility--contributed towards this fearful condition? What
+by my love of money, my sanction of oppression, my apologies for wrong, my
+complaint against government, my support of wrong principles, my neglect
+to vote and pray for the right, my boast of national greatness, my worship
+of power and neglect of goodness, my forgetfulness of God? What by all
+these, and more that I do not think of, have I done palpably, possibly,
+toward bringing on this terrible crime against justice, humanity and law?
+Then it is my duty to repent of all this and deplore it. It is also my
+duty to strive against personal hatred and revenge, and to pray for my
+country's enemies just as I would for my own, and <i>because</i> they are my
+own--not that they prosper in their rebellion, but that they repent and
+find mercy, and acknowledge the authority against which they are at war.
+It is our duty specially to pity and pray for the multitudes of good
+citizens and their families, who cannot escape from among the rebels, and
+who are in great jeopardy; men who love law and the Constitution, and the
+whole country; who are either resisting, under the greatest pressure, the
+evil that is upon them, or yielding through fear and force. We feel for
+them; we call them our brothers. But it is also my duty and yours to
+support our government--our administration; to pray for and sympathize
+with our President and his Cabinet in their most trying posture, in the
+midst of such perils, and with so meagre means for the moment, of
+establishing order, and setting the nationality in permanent security. It
+is our duty to report traitors to the police, that they may be lawfully
+cared for; to help our militia and volunteers with every comfort and
+defence; to hold up the arm of government so long as rebels remain.</p>
+
+<p>This is <i>our</i> country, bought with blood. It is second only to the
+redemption which Christ purchased for us! And if we are called to contend
+with principalities and powers, and spiritual wickedness in high places,
+for the safety of our souls, surely we may contend with flesh and blood,
+with rebels and traitors, to save this glorious inheritance from the gulf
+of anarchy and the bonds of a lasting servitude. <i>War is terrible</i>, but
+slavery and plunder and the silent gangrene of national dishonor, bribery
+and perverted conscience are worse. The burst of a thunder cloud may break
+down a forest of lofty pines, but the slow delving of the mole may
+undermine a thousand habitations. The secret corrosions of the ship-worm
+will sink a fleet.</p>
+
+<p>This deep-working, inward ruin is appearing on the face of society. The
+stupendous fact is, that from Baltimore, onward throughout the disaffected
+States, the population is under the guidance of mad leaders, and exposed
+to mob power. Thousands of good citizens are flying to us for protection;
+thousands more forced into the war against the country, and other
+thousands sighing and praying in secret that God will give success to our
+arms and rescue themselves and their families from ruin. For these, as
+well as for our liberties and honors are we summoned to war; it were a
+crime to be inactive. The Bible is militant. Christianity is a warfare
+with sin. Life is militant,--a perpetual fight with death. If our
+blessings are worth praying for and praising for, they are worth
+<i>fighting</i> for, and if not to be otherwise secured, <i>must be fought for</i>.</p>
+
+<p>I want this country to live! I want my children to grow up under its
+shield! I want to see constitutional liberty mount above the obstacles of
+ages, and rise higher and higher here, I want Italy to look toward us now
+with hope! I cannot bear to hear the cry of shame that will come over the
+Atlantic from the vineyards of France, from the glaciers of Switzerland,
+and from the steppes of Russia, if we permit the walls of our blood-bought
+inheritance to be broken down. For the sake of God, liberty, religion, all
+over the earth, I want our flag to be honored abroad.</p>
+
+<p>In the French revolution of '48, a deputation came to me to demand the
+American church at Havre, for the purpose of holding a political meeting,
+I refused. They intimated that it would be torn down. I had only to assure
+them that I would plant our flag on it, and if they touched it with rude
+hands, they would have to answer to our government. That was the last of
+the matter. This power we must have still; and to secure this the whole
+North and West must awake, and act--for the multitudes who in the Border
+States demand our aid; for the thousands of laboring, suffering poor who
+tremble beneath the glance of the proud chevalier; for the sake of our
+education, our lands, our homes, our Christianity. We are sure that
+success on our part now will demonstrate to the world the inherent power
+of our nation. They cannot behold the united action and offering of
+<i>nineteen millions</i> in the free States--all animated with the spirit of
+liberty, religion and law, and resolved to crush treason and rebellion at
+any cost--without a deeper conviction of our real might, without a new
+impression of the majesty that reposes in a people's will! All Europe
+approves of this war; and struggling nationalities look with anxious
+expectancy for the issue.</p>
+
+<p>It is a war for government, for order. It is against the power and rage of
+the mob, led on by ambitious men who are mad at the loss of power. There
+is nothing more sublime than law; holding unseen the hearts and interests
+of millions, protecting their rights, and giving them full, happy
+development. Our flag represents law, liberty, sublime sacrifice, national
+life. It is therefore right even for the Christian to fight for its
+perpetuity. If I may defend myself and family, the nation is greater than
+my family and myself; and calls more powerfully for my service. And this
+war, entered on by necessity, and with the grand purpose of protecting
+order and law, and rescuing a whole population from ruin, is inspiring in
+its motive, and therefore elevating in its influence. We are consciously
+better, nobler, in proportion as we forget ourselves in the sublime idea
+of our nationality, and all that this nationality can do. When men fight
+for plunder, or victory alone, they labor downward, they become brutish;
+but a war for true liberty, for national life, for our homes and our
+inheritance, and for the oppressed, is elevating, purifying. War is
+terrible in itself, and in some of its consequences, but there is a bow on
+the cloud. When the bolt has spent itself in the pestiferous air, all
+nature is bright and glorious. With true discipline, soldiers are made
+vigorous in body; they are also quickened in mind by the tactics and
+incitements of warfare, they are ennobled by high motives, and may leave
+the campaign better than when they entered it. Courage is awakened; love
+of liberty and order inspired; benevolence increased; and loyalty exalted
+by this war. What men bleed for they value. I have been delighted with the
+eagerness with which many soldiers whom I have visited, listened to
+Christian address, and received the word of God. It is a matter of
+gratulation that but few arrests are made in our city in these days, not
+because the police are less watchful, but because the debased portion of
+the population are inspired with a better thought. It is also hopeful to
+find, that many who entered our city as volunteers, or as drafted
+soldiers, are actually being reformed from their evil habits, under the
+greater strictness of camp discipline.</p>
+
+<p>We are cheered also by the fact that the people generally are more earnest
+than formerly in their attendance on divine worship; more solemn, and full
+of feeling, and disposed to study the Bible, They need God. They look to
+God. We all feel the Bible to be more than ever precious. Its solemn
+prophecies are swelling into fulfillment. The day of God is approaching,
+and the kingdoms of the earth are giving way for the coming of the Great
+King!</p>
+
+<p>The feeling is, and ought to be, intense for the conflict. Let the
+question be decided. Let half a million of freemen be called, when the
+time shall indicate, to form a line of fire along the boundary that
+separates Secession from loyalty. Let them take up their mighty march
+through the revolted territory, if it will not otherwise submit, and
+proclaim as they go, "Liberty throughout the land!" Let the flag that
+waved over the suffering heroes of Valley Forge, and the conquerors of
+Yorktown, wave forever on the Capitol, and over every village and subject
+in the land! Nay, it must be so. We must bow, if we do not conquer. They
+have proclaimed it. Come down, then, from the Northern mountains, and out
+from the forests and the fields, ye sons of the Pilgrims, with your firm
+force of will, and your achieving arms! Come up from the marts of
+commerce, ye daring children of the Empire State, and ye firm hearts of
+New Jersey and of Delaware! Come forth from the echoes of Erie, and the
+shores of Michigan and Superior! Come from the free air of Western
+Virginia and Ohio, from the loyal districts of Maryland, Kentucky, and
+Tennessee! Come forth from the great West! and with them, go, ye strong
+and true of my adopted State and City, who listened even in your cradles,
+to the bell which gives out its tones over the birth-place of our
+liberties! Go forth, and live the epic that future ages shall sing: be
+yours the glory of <i>rooting this treason out</i>! And as they go, bless them,
+aged fathers with tremulous voice! and mothers, bid them God speed! wives
+and sisters and Christian hearts, load them with your gifts and your
+prayers! And when they are gone, remember them at the home altar, and
+bless God that your country does not want defenders; and when your tears
+are dried up, and your cause is proclaimed triumphant, weep again tears of
+joy as you clasp the returning heroes to your arms! Or, if they shall be
+borne home to you wounded and worn in their country's service, be grateful
+that your eye can watch over them, and your hand minister to their
+necessities and griefs. Or finally, should they fall in battle, you will
+have the consolation of knowing that they saved your country; that they
+did something to consolidate its strength, and illustrate its glory
+before the world. For we are destined to conquer,--and after this trial
+the nation will come forth as gold. We need to suffer that we may value
+our liberties. From the valley of tears arise notes of victory and
+hallelujahs. Nations as well as saints, come up out of great tribulation.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"None die in vain<br />
+Upon their country's war-fields! Every drop<br />
+Of blood, thus poured for faith and freedom, hath<br />
+A tone, which from the night of ages, from the gulf<br />
+Of death, shall burst, and make its high appeal<br />
+Sound unto earth and heaven."</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The motto now is--"No compromise! <i>Submission</i>! Give up the leaders of
+rebellion! Bow to law! Nay, more--no longer <i>ask</i> us to protect your dark
+system!"</p>
+
+<p>But it is possible that, while we stir ourselves up to a fierce
+belligerency against rebellion, and rush into hot condemnation of those
+whom we once called "<i>brethren," we</i> are rebels against God! Some of you
+who are equipping for the war, and ready to take the field in defence of
+your country and her laws, are in heart at war with holiness and God! You
+may see in the fever of our whole population what men think of treason
+against a good earthly government! See also in the commands of God, in the
+life and death of Jesus, in the declared interest and anxious watchfulness
+of angels, in the whole glorified army that shall attend the Great King
+when he comes to set up his final assize,--what the Principalities and
+Powers in Heaven think of your treason against the holy government of
+Jehovah! Behold in the uplifted arm of Justice--hear in the voice of the
+Judge, what shall be done to him who will not repent! Now the offers of
+pardon are made through the death and sacrifice of Jesus. Repent; forsake
+your sin; lay down your arms; retire from your rebellious attitude; and
+from the throne of Mercy shall the fact be proclaimed, that <i>you</i> are
+pardoned and restored!</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Government and Rebellion, by E. E. Adams
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diff --git a/old/10517.txt b/old/10517.txt
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+++ b/old/10517.txt
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Government and Rebellion, by E. E. Adams
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Government and Rebellion
+
+Author: E. E. Adams
+
+Release Date: December 23, 2003 [EBook #10517]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOVERNMENT AND REBELLION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+GOVERNMENT AND REBELLION
+
+A sermon delivered in the North Broad Street Presbyterian Church,
+Sunday Morning, April 28 1861,
+
+By
+
+Rev. E. E. Adams.
+
+Published by Request.
+
+1861.
+
+
+
+
+Government and Rebellion.
+
+
+  An evil man seeketh only rebellion; therefore a cruel messenger shall be
+  sent against him.--Prov. xvii. 11.
+
+
+We have in these words this plain announcement--that Rebellion is a crime,
+and shall be visited with terrible judgment. Solomon here speaks his own
+convictions; God declares his thought, and utters his sanction of law.
+This is also the expression of natural conscience,--vindicating in our
+breast the Divine procedure, when the majesty of insulted government is
+asserted, and penalty applied.
+
+God never overlooks rebellion against his throne--never pardons the rebel
+until he repent and submit. God does not command us to forgive our
+offending fellow-men, unless they repent. "If thy brother trespass against
+thee seven times in a day, and seven times in a day turn to thee, saying,
+I repent, thou shalt forgive him." God is in a forgiving attitude; so
+ought we to be. But he does not _express_ forgiveness until the rebel
+expresses penitence; neither are we under obligation to _pronounce_ an
+enemy forgiven until he signify his compunction and sorrow, and desist
+from his injurious conduct. If my child rebel against my law and my
+rightful discipline, I am not allowed by the spirit of love to pursue him
+with vengeance; neither am I bound by the law of God to release him from
+the penalty of his sin, until he shall have exhibited signs of submission,
+of sorrow, and of obedience. I may pity him, and cherish toward him the
+_spirit_ of forgiveness; but for his own sake, for the order of the
+household, and on account of my innate sense of justice, I must not
+pronounce his acquittal, nor declare the controversy ended, until he shall
+have satisfied my governmental authority, and the sentiment of justice
+which both his own conscience and mine, constitutionally, and therefore by
+necessity, cherish. And I do not see that Government can safely pardon a
+rebel against its statutes, its honor and its common brotherhood, until
+his rebellion cease; until he bow to law, confess his crime, and signify
+his sorrow. I speak not of oppressive government, of iniquitous law; but
+of _good_ government, of statutes healthful, humane, equal. Although in
+the former case rebellion cannot be justified until every constitutional
+measure has been resorted to for redress,--then, if redress be not given,
+the voice of the people in all representative governments may legally
+change oppressive for just laws, and oppressors for rulers who shall
+regard the popular will. And in despotisms, when the people have the
+_power_ to redress their wrongs, and to enter on a career of development
+in mind and morals, in the arts of civilization,--when every other course
+fails--"resistance to tyrants is obedience to God!" Man was not _made_ for
+tyranny. He was not made for any form of government that crushes out his
+intellect and his religious capabilities. He was made to be governed
+morally; to be under righteous law; law which, while it restrains passion,
+selfishness and crime, gives a man all the freedom that he is able and
+willing to _use_ safely for himself, and for the commonwealth; all that is
+consistent with individual development and the national good.
+
+I am not one of those who believe that the voice of the people is, without
+exception, the voice of God. It was not so at the Deluge, but quite the
+reverse. It was not so when Israel clamored for a king--not in mercy but
+in anger, God gave them their request. It was not so when Absalom stole
+the hearts of the people, and stirred up rebellion against his father. And
+yet, when a nation, independent of party, free from the excitements of
+momentary interest, without the influence of ambitious leaders, under the
+calm guidance of reason, history, and the spirit of the age,--rises
+spontaneously against oppression, against iniquity, and _demands_ just
+laws; rights for all; free thought, free speech, free labor, free worship;
+when compacts are not violated; when moderation is maintained; when the
+spirit of humanity is preserved,--_then_, I believe, "the voice of the
+people _is_ the voice of God." I have no question that, in the great
+principle, Cromwell and his puritan hosts were right in their
+revolutionary action. I could never doubt that our fathers did a noble,
+glorious, and Christian deed in throwing off the yoke of Britain, and
+proclaiming a new government for themselves and their posterity. It was
+right to contend and bleed for equal representation, for freedom of
+conscience, and for an independent nationality in which these high ends
+could be secured.
+
+The first government of which we have account was a Theocracy--that is,
+"the government of God." _He_ was the only King. He revealed the law,
+appointed leaders, gave rules for worship, instruction and warfare. Thus
+in the outset did he set up his claims among men. He established the great
+precedent, which men ought to have followed, which the world has ignored;
+but to which the thoughts and the will of the race shall ultimately
+return. It is true _now_ that government, as such, is ordained of God. All
+government, in its elemental authority, is a theocracy. All power is of
+God; he ordains law. He originates the idea of civil compact. While,
+therefore, the principles of governments among men may be defective, and
+the administration wrong and hurtful, the great _fact_ of government is a
+_Divine fact. Good_ government is _emphatically God's_ government--intended
+to suppress evil, to promote holiness and happiness. "The powers that be
+are ordained of God." "Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth
+the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves
+damnation." Despisers of government are enumerated by the Apostle as among
+the most flagitious of men. There are _statutes_ in almost every government
+which may not be absolutely right; some which may be oppressive. These are
+to be distinguished from the principles, from the general bearing of a
+government, and endured for the good therein, or be rid of by
+constitutional and safe methods. It is a duty of each subject and citizen
+to surrender some of his desires and preferences--some of his convictions
+possibly--for the _general_ sentiment--the comprehensive good; while he has
+the privilege of convincing by fair argument all others, and winning them
+to his views and measures if possible, without violence, without
+infringement of law. It is not to be expected that every man should be
+absolutely satisfied with any government. If he is called to yield only
+his share of personal interest and preference, for the sake of all the
+protection and blessing in which he participates in common with the state,
+his reason, his conscience, his patriotism will joyfully acquiesce; he will
+freely make so much sacrifice for the interests of the whole, knowing very
+well that every other citizen is likely to be under an equal sacrifice.
+Natural, individual liberty, without law, is only barbarism. Where every
+man is free to do whatever his worst passions prompt, there is in fact no
+freedom; there is tyranny; for the strong will subdue the weak, bone and
+muscle will govern mind and conscience. In laws and governments men have
+their best thoughts; human _law_ is likely to be better than human
+nature. Men feel the need of restraint--are convinced of the necessity of
+law. They therefore make laws in self-defence; if thereby they would _not_
+restrain their own selfishness, they _would_ restrain the selfishness
+of others; but that which is made a barrier to _one_ bad subject is
+also a defence against all;--thus men do restrain themselves by their
+defences against others. Thus it is that, with healthful convictions, men
+may control diseased passion; with a right _ideal_ is intimately
+joined a safe actuality; with good law, a comparatively good condition.
+Even in the worst administration, and when the public mind is most
+demoralized, there may remain the purity of law; the sublime thought.
+If the mind finds itself sinking into lawlessness and disorganism, and
+borne away by the pressure of evil, it can look upward, and, catching new
+energy from the unquenched light--
+
+    "Spring into the realm of the ideal."
+
+Our destiny is ideal. We are on our way to the Unseen. The ideal draws us
+upward,--_real_ now, to the spirits of just men made perfect--to be real
+to us when we are perfect--_once_ ideal to them, as now to us. We must
+keep above us the model of life and of law which we have not yet attained.
+Let it never be dim. It is a star shining through time's night! A banner
+waving from the throne of God. It tells us of the goal. It points out our
+futurity--the altitude of our virtue, our exaltation, our bliss.
+
+Our subject is GOVERNMENT AND MAN. We proceed to consider it in a
+three-fold aspect, inquiring
+
+    I. _What is good government?_
+   II. _What constitutes rebellion against such government?_
+  III. _What is the duty of each citizen when rebellion exists?_
+
+
+
+
+I. _What is a good government_?
+
+
+
+No citizen looks for an absolutely perfect form of nationality--of law.
+But we have a right to ask for good government. We have been accustomed to
+think that it depends more on administration than on principle; and the
+line of the poet, "That which is best administered, is best," is a
+proverb, to the sentiment of which we too freely yield. No doubt a
+government with bad statutes and wrong laws, may be so administered as to
+produce a tolerable degree of national comfort and development for a
+season; while a Constitution perfect in its theories and principles, may
+be so maladministered as to corrupt and distract, impoverish and
+demoralize, a people. And yet, I agree with an old patriot of the past
+century who said, "There is no foundation to imagine that the goodness or
+badness of any government depends solely upon its administration. It must
+be allowed that the ultimate design of government is to restrain the
+corruptions of human nature; and, since human nature is the same at all
+times and in all places, the same form of government which is best for one
+nation is best for all nations, if they would _only agree to adopt_ it."
+
+There is a deep thought in this remark. We often say, for example, "France
+is not fit for a republican form of government," and it is true; but that
+is _not_ to say, "A republican form of government is not fit for France,"
+if the population would agree to adopt and preserve it. Man, in his
+fallen state, is not fit for the holy government of God; but that holy
+government is, nevertheless, the _only_ one that is fit for man as a moral
+being; and it is man's ignorance and folly, his guilt and ruin, that he
+does not adopt it. It is owing to the ignorance and wickedness of the
+world that it is not fit for a representative government; and that all do
+not choose Christ to be their King.
+
+Were a score of the professional politicians of our land to frame a
+Constitution for us in full accordance with their own schemes and choice,
+we would soon find ourselves under an oligarchy of schemers, who cared for
+the Republic only so far as to secure from it their own fame and
+emolument. Were as many brokers or merchants to make and administer our
+laws, without regard to other industrial interests, we should have an
+oligarchy of trade. Were as many husbandmen, or mechanics, or lawyers, to
+have full control of our legislation and government, we would have one
+interest towering above all others, and true equalization, true
+brotherhood, just representation, healthful nationality would be
+impossible. Or, were we dependent on officers in the army or navy for our
+government, legislative and administrative, we would be likely to have
+many of our rights circumscribed. Were as many clergymen to frame a
+Constitution, and administer laws, we might be under a crushing
+priesthood. A government of mere scholars, poets or orators, would be only
+a sublime dream. A Constitution of philosophies alone, would glitter with
+abstractions beautiful, cold, grand as the snow-capt Alps, and as distant,
+too, from the actualities of men! A government of mere gentlemen who have
+nothing to do but think for slaves, to enjoy the chase and the
+race-ground, to extol their pedigree, and traduce labor, and lead
+retainers to war--would be a government for the few over the many, an
+aristocracy of blood and privilege, of curled moustache and taper fingers;
+but not a republic of patriots, of self-made men, of equal privilege and
+just laws. It would be a return to semi-barbarism, to the age of Louis
+XIV., or even of Charles I.
+
+This is now the strong tendency in the Rebel States: even along our free
+border, but below it, such is the system of representation, that a county
+containing only about 3,000 inhabitants, sends as many representatives to
+the legislature as another county of 30,000, and a single proprietor casts
+as many votes as a whole commune. So much liberty of citizens is already
+sacrificed to the chevalier, to the system of forced service.
+
+But were a select number of experienced men, of true statesmen, embracing
+different pursuits and professions, educated in different parts of the
+world, and drawn together by grand national events,--statesmen born in the
+age when liberty had its first grand revival, and was guarded by soberness
+of thought, and tried by every variety and extent of sacrifice--by men who
+had no professional, exclusive interest to provide for, but who expected
+to fight and die for their convictions, who sought only to lay the
+foundation of a nationality for future generations, and for the world; who
+aimed at a healthful union of all popular interests, both among poor and
+rich, among masters and dependents; who provided for freedom of action
+under law; of worship and education, of commerce, agriculture, and the
+arts; for the easy and equitable support of government,--for its
+perpetuity indeed, infusing into it elements that appeal powerfully, both
+to the self-interest and the patriotism of the citizens,--I say, were such
+men, with such ends in view, by such sacrifice, to frame such a
+government, containing the most delicate balance of interests, with strong
+checks against the encroachment of any branch, either the legislative,
+executive or judicial, giving all trades and professions, and all men, an
+equal chance for excellence, influence, and honor; you would not hesitate
+to pronounce that a good government, even though you might find slight
+exception to some of its terms, though you might not interpret as others
+do, all its constitutional phrases.
+
+In view of the protection which such a constitution affords, especially if
+it had been tested, for a period of eighty years, by all the inward strain
+of domestic evils, and all the outward pressure of invasion; by the
+influence of foreign envy, of intrigue, of hostility; by the debasing
+power of disloyalty, the incompetency of rulers, and the general
+degeneracy of human nature; I say, in view of all these untoward
+influences, the government which could still retain its majesty and power,
+still stretch its Aegis over every national and individual right--you
+would pronounce the best, both for ruler and people, that ever blessed a
+nation. And you would not hesitate to declare _that_ man a _traitor_, who
+should attempt _to weaken_ and destroy it!
+
+Now we pretend to say that _our_ government was thus formed by the
+choicest wisdom and patriotism of the world, with the largest liberty in
+view, under the restraint of law, giving equitable privilege to all its
+citizens, and so balancing its different departments that they are
+mutually a defence. We pretend to claim for our government the loftiest
+purpose, the most comprehensive views, and the best practical results. We
+claim for it justice, equality, and power. It does not stand out--a thing
+distinct from the people and the states. It is not an objective power
+only, but subjective; it is in every State and in every freeman. It is not
+in machinery, which can be set in motion and work out certain results, as
+if every part of it were iron or steel, and put into action by applied
+heat; but in _men_, in minds, in hearts, in the family circle, in the
+church, in every throb of patriotism, in every fibre of the husbandman and
+the artizan, in the pastor's prayers, and the student's living thoughts.
+It is in the _nation_ like latent fire, like a hidden life--evoked in time
+of peril, and flashing along the telegraph, breathed in song, uttered in
+oratory, thundered from the cannon's mouth, hung out in streaming banners
+whose "every hue was born in heaven," felt in firm resolve, illustrated in
+response to the call of country and of law. Where is our government? Not
+at Washington alone. That is but its symbol. It is throughout all our
+Loyal States. It is enthroned on the granite hills of New Hampshire, sends
+its voice along the Alleghanies, and on the swelling floods of the
+Mississippi, and spreads its wing over the children of the West, even to
+the shores of Oregon. It lives in every cottage, and every mansion, and
+has a throne in every true, free, noble, Christian heart.
+
+That it is a _good_ government, you have only in imagination to blot from
+the face of the earth whatever has grown up under its protection and
+encouragement, by the will and the blessing of the Almighty, during the
+fourscore years of its existence; level all the cities, sink the commerce,
+prostrate the schools and churches, obliterate all the science, history
+and thought it has fostered, quench the light of oratory, turn back the
+wheel of improvement, and leave us at the opening of 1776; estimate all
+the freedom of act, of utterance, of industry; reckon the sum of human
+comforts, even of luxuries, it has brought to our hand. Look at all our
+ships, our mechanism, our homes, our sanctuaries, our institutions of
+morality, of mercy and of religion; our wealth, intelligence, order,
+power; consider the elevation given to millions in the worst form of
+civilization in the land, showing that such is the vitalizing force of our
+national life, that even slavery here, bad as it is--and we know of
+nothing worse as a system--lifts men above the natural license of savage
+existence. Consider all this, and much more, that I may not stop to utter,
+and you cannot--you _do_ not--no sane mind _can_ question the supreme
+excellence--I had almost said the _divine_ excellence--of our
+government. And if there were need of other proof, we have only to remind
+you with what promptness the call of our noble Chief Magistrate was
+answered from every free State--from the city and the hamlet; from the
+bank, the bar, the press and the pulpit; from the workshop and the soil;
+from the calm and comfort of home and ease and affluence, and from the
+cottage of the poor, as if the pulse of the government were beating in
+every vein, and the will of the Cabinet had its home in every bosom!
+Strong men, young men, aged men, men of leisure, Christian men--all ready
+to march under the stars and stripes, or to pour out their treasure for
+others. Mothers and wives and sisters, with breaking hearts and tremulous
+benedictions, bidding the heroes go--offering them on their country's
+altar. Oh, it would not be thus but for the true manhood which our
+government infuses into loyal citizens. It would not be so, but for the
+Christianity it protects without dictation, and acknowledges without
+ostentation.
+
+
+
+II. We come now to the question, _What constitutes rebellion against good
+government_?
+
+
+There may be criminal rebellion even against a wicked and oppressive
+government. The people may take the law into their own hands, and put to
+death, or imprison their rulers, without _first_ having tried
+constitutional methods of redress. But I speak of rebellion against _good_
+government--such as we have already had in review. There is a difference
+between insurrection and rebellion. The former is an act of a people or
+population against a single statute, or against a portion of the
+legislative enactments, without necessarily growing into warfare, or
+revolt against the whole constitution and the laws. This may become
+rebellion. There is also a difference between rebellion and revolution.
+The latter, in a political sense, is a change, either wholly or in part,
+of the constitution. This may be effected by argument and a peaceful
+vote--by abdication, by a change of national policy in view of some new
+relation, and by general consent, or by warfare. "The revolution in
+England in 1688, was occasioned by the abdication of James II., the
+establishment of the House of Orange on the throne, and the restoring of
+the constitution to its primitive state."
+
+Our revolution of '76, and onward, was not a rebellion; it was resistance
+of oppression, of burdensome taxation without equal representation, and it
+resulted in our distinct nationality.
+
+The revolutions of France have been of a similar character; they have
+sprung from oppression of the most severe and unnatural kind. This was the
+fact, at least, in 1797 and in 1830. In 1848, when it was my lot to be in
+the midst of it, the revolution arose from the selfish conduct of Louis
+Philippe, who enriched himself and his family out of the national
+treasury, and encouraged his sons in a course which was at war with
+national precedent, with the commercial interests and democratic
+individualism of the French; for with their imperial prestiges and tastes
+they are extreme in their personal democracy.
+
+But all these revolutions resulted in good to the people. Education,
+public spirit, enterprise, labor, all the arts of civilization, and even
+evangelical Christianity received a new impulse. Mind was opened and
+enlarged; the people thought for themselves, and sighed for knowledge and
+a better faith.
+
+Revolution is going on silently, from year to year, in England. The
+nobility yield by slow, almost imperceptible degrees, to the demands of
+the people. It is by this process that the Government avoids the shocks
+which startle Austria, France and Italy.
+
+Such is the variety of honest opinion among men on all subjects; so
+different are the degrees of information, and the opportunities of judging
+with regard to the best measures of government; such a diversity exists in
+the interests and abilities of a people,--that they may be good citizens
+without being satisfied altogether with the constitution, or with those
+who administer its laws. There will be different political parties. It is
+the glory of a government that the people are allowed to think and vote as
+they please, and to express their honest opinions. Perhaps with us,
+expression is too free, especially in regard to public men and measures.
+We may have diverse views and convictions, and yet feel and act loyally.
+But men who endeavor by any influence or means to lessen the loyalty of
+others, to alienate the love of the people from the government, and who
+signify their own aversion, not by condemning a single statute and seeking
+its lawful repeal, but by heaping abuse on the constitution and on those
+who are chosen to administer the laws, by avowing their hostility to the
+government and its policy, or their purpose to resist and war against
+it,--are in a posture of rebellion. Those who, being in office, commanding
+the arms and other property of the government, cause them to be removed so
+as to weaken its power and strengthen those in actual rebellion, or who
+are threatening the same; those who aid and comfort a population or
+soldiery who are in a state of actual resistance, and finally, those who
+do openly and avowedly renounce the authority of the government to which
+they have sworn allegiance, or take up arms to attack its strongholds,
+seize or destroy its property, or injure the soldiers and citizens who are
+sent to protect it,--are in a state of rebellion against its laws and
+against the commonwealth over which it holds the shield of its authority.
+
+Korah was a rebel and a traitor, who having, by intrigue, inspired some
+other leaders with the spirit of sedition, succeeded in drawing from their
+allegiance to Moses and Aaron, a large number of the people, who came
+together in a mob to demand a different administration. They were invited
+to refer the matter to the Divine decision, but they stoutly refused,
+accusing Moses of assumption, thus endeavoring to destroy his authority
+over the nation. That was rebellion. Again, in the reign of David, his son
+Absalom drew the people from their allegiance, then seized the reins of
+government and pursued his father with an army. That was rebellion against
+wholesome law, against the will of God.
+
+Now we have the painful fact before us, that rebellion has sprung up
+against our good government. Men in many quarters have secretly plotted,
+and openly avowed hostility to our Federal Union. Eight of our States have
+passed the Ordinance of Secession, four or five others are assuming an
+attitude of hostility to the General Government, or refusing to comply
+with the Executive, who calls on them to aid in the defence of the
+Capital. This state of things has been preceded by acts of treachery on
+the part of leading men in the States, by seizure of arms, money, and
+public defences,--the property of the government. A new Confederacy is
+formed, contrary to oaths and compacts, for the purpose of destroying our
+Union, and giving perpetuity to slavery. It has attacked our forts,
+adulterated our coin, stolen our arms, proclaimed piracy against our
+commerce, set a price on the head of our Chief Magistrate, threatened our
+Capital, and raised armies to exterminate, if possible, our nationality.
+And all this it has done without one act of the Government to provoke such
+procedure; without any oppression; without any threat; but in the face of
+every honorable proposal on our part, after long and patient endurance of
+their encroachment and plunders; even until foreign journals deride us for
+our forbearance, and the rebels themselves insult our delay.
+
+There are those who have compared this rebellion with our revolution of
+'76. There could hardly be a wider distinction, both in principle and in
+fact, than between these two movements. The Colonies, had been oppressed
+by "navigation laws," intended by the British Parliament to crush out
+their commerce for a whole century, from 1660 to 1775. Their weakness
+during that period did not allow of resistance. They were taxed
+oppressively, while they were not allowed a representation. This was in
+violation of Magna Charta; for the government of Great Britain was
+representative. Having been aided by the Colonists during the Seven Years'
+War, in the subjugation of Canada, the Parent Government--without asking
+taxation through the regular action of the Colonial Government--assumed
+the right to tax our expanding commerce, and commenced a vigorous
+enforcement of revenue laws. "Writs of Assistance" were issued, whereby
+officers of the king were allowed to break open any citizen's store or
+dwelling, to search for, and seize foreign merchandise; sheriffs also were
+compelled to assist in the work. The sanctions of private life might, by
+this act be invaded at any time by hirelings; and bad as it was in itself,
+it was liable to more monstrous abuse. Then came the "_sugar bill_,"
+imposing enormous duties on various articles of merchandise from the West
+Indies, and greatly crippling Colonial commerce: then the infamous Stamp
+Act, by which every legal instrument, in order to validity, must have the
+seal of the British Government--deeds, diplomas, &c., costing from
+thirty-six cents to ten dollars apiece: then the duty on tea; and,
+finally, the quartering of soldiers on our citizens in time of peace, for
+the express purpose of subjugating our industry and energy to the selfish
+purposes of the crown.
+
+It is enough to say, that the rebels against our Government have suffered
+no oppression. They do not set forth any legal ground of Secession. The
+government has done nothing to call out their indignation, or to inflict
+on them a wrong. They have had more than their share of public office;
+they have had a larger representation, in proportion to their free
+citizens, than we have; they have been protected in their claims, even
+against the convictions of the North; we yielding, as a political demand,
+what we do not wholly admit as a Christian duty. We have assisted them by
+enactments, by money, and by arms, in the preservation of a system at war
+with our conscience, and with our liberties. We have paid for lands which
+they occupy; and after all their indignities and taunts, and attacks on
+our citizens, their plunders, and their warlike demonstrations, we have
+been patient; and are even now imposing on ourselves restraint from the
+execution of that chastisement, which many of their sober and awed
+citizens acknowledge to be just, and which, if the call were made by the
+Executive, would at once be hurled on the rebels by an indignant people,
+like the rush of destiny.
+
+Now, I grant, for I do not wish to make the matter worse than it is
+against them, that in the North, individuals have demanded more than the
+South were able, at once, to give. Some have pushed reform faster than it
+would bear, faster than the laws of Providence would allow; but it was
+honestly and conscientiously done. We have sometimes in our warmth,
+uttered irritating words; but all this has been returned by blows, and by
+savage vindictiveness. We have shown a willingness, of late, to yield some
+things; to abide by the sense of the whole people; but these States are,
+by their rulers, declared _out of the Union_, without appeal to the
+people; they have commenced the war, and now they are regarded by the
+whole world as in a state of rebellion, not of justifiable revolution.
+They would submit to no method of adjustment that we could honorably
+allow. They desired war, as they have been for years preparing for it, at
+the expense of the Government, and in its service and trust, drawing their
+life from the bosom which they now sting; and because freedom will no
+longer bow, as it has done for a whole generation, to their will, they
+rebel, proclaim a system of piracy, and threaten the subjugation of the
+whole American people. It is a deep, and long determined treason, running
+into the whole national life, and is become to ourselves a question of
+_personal_ liberty.
+
+
+
+
+III. What then, we ask, _is the duty of all citizens when good government
+is assailed by rebellion_?
+
+
+Doubtless, _one_ duty is to inquire whether they have in any way
+contributed criminally to the occasion or the causes of such rebellion;
+whether they have demanded too much of the disaffected, or encouraged a
+wrong spirit in them by coinciding with views leading to their present
+attitude; whether they have participated in any way with a policy
+calculated to irritate, to defy, to provoke honest minds to anger? Whether
+as individuals, as Christians, they have been bitter and harsh, and
+vengeful, or are so now; and if they find any such spirit, it becomes them
+to repent, and school themselves into Christian charity and moderation.
+But, notwithstanding any possible error in the past, the Christian citizen
+must consecrate himself to the defence of the government and its _policy_;
+for however, there is a distinction ordinarily between the two; in a
+crisis that involves a nation's life, the policy which would save it, is
+the spirit of government and order.
+
+The true Christian will pray, and speak, and write, and labor, and die for
+its success! Will give assurance of his sympathy and support, and refuse
+to do any act that can be construed into _comfort_ to the rebels. He will
+encourage troops called to support the government, and its policy, giving
+them food, clothing, advice, BIBLES AND ARMS. He will rouse their
+patriotism, and call down on them the benediction of heaven. This is the
+duty of ministers, and magistrates, of churches and individual Christians.
+And if the rebellion continue, it is their duty to advocate and help to
+form armies of sufficient numbers and power to utterly subjugate the
+rebels, and, if they cannot otherwise be brought to submit, put an end to
+their existence. That is what God did by the hand of Israel, to Korah and
+Absalom; and it is the legitimate issue, if needs be, of all successful
+resistance,--of all defensive warfare. To deny it, is to deny the right of
+self-defence. It is to put a man in a position where he must love his
+enemy better than himself and children, which even Christianity does not
+demand, though it does enjoin forbearance, charity, and sacrifice. To deny
+this is to condemn the principles of our Revolution, and to sanction the
+plunder and destruction of national property and being.
+
+What, therefore, is our duty, now that rebellion actually rages against
+our mild, equal, good Government--the best, on the whole, that the world
+ever saw? rebellion without cause; with no legitimate ground of offence;
+rebellion for the sake of a dark and demoralizing system, that has robbed
+half the nation of its conscience, and cursed it with an inveterate
+idolatry. What is our duty? What is mine as a citizen, a Christian, a
+minister of God--as a man? What is yours? Plainly to ask, What have
+I--either by demanding too much, not in abstract right, but in the light
+of present possibility--contributed towards this fearful condition? What
+by my love of money, my sanction of oppression, my apologies for wrong, my
+complaint against government, my support of wrong principles, my neglect
+to vote and pray for the right, my boast of national greatness, my worship
+of power and neglect of goodness, my forgetfulness of God? What by all
+these, and more that I do not think of, have I done palpably, possibly,
+toward bringing on this terrible crime against justice, humanity and law?
+Then it is my duty to repent of all this and deplore it. It is also my
+duty to strive against personal hatred and revenge, and to pray for my
+country's enemies just as I would for my own, and _because_ they are my
+own--not that they prosper in their rebellion, but that they repent and
+find mercy, and acknowledge the authority against which they are at war.
+It is our duty specially to pity and pray for the multitudes of good
+citizens and their families, who cannot escape from among the rebels, and
+who are in great jeopardy; men who love law and the Constitution, and the
+whole country; who are either resisting, under the greatest pressure, the
+evil that is upon them, or yielding through fear and force. We feel for
+them; we call them our brothers. But it is also my duty and yours to
+support our government--our administration; to pray for and sympathize
+with our President and his Cabinet in their most trying posture, in the
+midst of such perils, and with so meagre means for the moment, of
+establishing order, and setting the nationality in permanent security. It
+is our duty to report traitors to the police, that they may be lawfully
+cared for; to help our militia and volunteers with every comfort and
+defence; to hold up the arm of government so long as rebels remain.
+
+This is _our_ country, bought with blood. It is second only to the
+redemption which Christ purchased for us! And if we are called to contend
+with principalities and powers, and spiritual wickedness in high places,
+for the safety of our souls, surely we may contend with flesh and blood,
+with rebels and traitors, to save this glorious inheritance from the gulf
+of anarchy and the bonds of a lasting servitude. _War is terrible_, but
+slavery and plunder and the silent gangrene of national dishonor, bribery
+and perverted conscience are worse. The burst of a thunder cloud may break
+down a forest of lofty pines, but the slow delving of the mole may
+undermine a thousand habitations. The secret corrosions of the ship-worm
+will sink a fleet.
+
+This deep-working, inward ruin is appearing on the face of society. The
+stupendous fact is, that from Baltimore, onward throughout the disaffected
+States, the population is under the guidance of mad leaders, and exposed
+to mob power. Thousands of good citizens are flying to us for protection;
+thousands more forced into the war against the country, and other
+thousands sighing and praying in secret that God will give success to our
+arms and rescue themselves and their families from ruin. For these, as
+well as for our liberties and honors are we summoned to war; it were a
+crime to be inactive. The Bible is militant. Christianity is a warfare
+with sin. Life is militant,--a perpetual fight with death. If our
+blessings are worth praying for and praising for, they are worth
+_fighting_ for, and if not to be otherwise secured, _must be fought for_.
+
+I want this country to live! I want my children to grow up under its
+shield! I want to see constitutional liberty mount above the obstacles of
+ages, and rise higher and higher here, I want Italy to look toward us now
+with hope! I cannot bear to hear the cry of shame that will come over the
+Atlantic from the vineyards of France, from the glaciers of Switzerland,
+and from the steppes of Russia, if we permit the walls of our blood-bought
+inheritance to be broken down. For the sake of God, liberty, religion, all
+over the earth, I want our flag to be honored abroad.
+
+In the French revolution of '48, a deputation came to me to demand the
+American church at Havre, for the purpose of holding a political meeting,
+I refused. They intimated that it would be torn down. I had only to assure
+them that I would plant our flag on it, and if they touched it with rude
+hands, they would have to answer to our government. That was the last of
+the matter. This power we must have still; and to secure this the whole
+North and West must awake, and act--for the multitudes who in the Border
+States demand our aid; for the thousands of laboring, suffering poor who
+tremble beneath the glance of the proud chevalier; for the sake of our
+education, our lands, our homes, our Christianity. We are sure that
+success on our part now will demonstrate to the world the inherent power
+of our nation. They cannot behold the united action and offering of
+_nineteen millions_ in the free States--all animated with the spirit of
+liberty, religion and law, and resolved to crush treason and rebellion at
+any cost--without a deeper conviction of our real might, without a new
+impression of the majesty that reposes in a people's will! All Europe
+approves of this war; and struggling nationalities look with anxious
+expectancy for the issue.
+
+It is a war for government, for order. It is against the power and rage of
+the mob, led on by ambitious men who are mad at the loss of power. There
+is nothing more sublime than law; holding unseen the hearts and interests
+of millions, protecting their rights, and giving them full, happy
+development. Our flag represents law, liberty, sublime sacrifice, national
+life. It is therefore right even for the Christian to fight for its
+perpetuity. If I may defend myself and family, the nation is greater than
+my family and myself; and calls more powerfully for my service. And this
+war, entered on by necessity, and with the grand purpose of protecting
+order and law, and rescuing a whole population from ruin, is inspiring in
+its motive, and therefore elevating in its influence. We are consciously
+better, nobler, in proportion as we forget ourselves in the sublime idea
+of our nationality, and all that this nationality can do. When men fight
+for plunder, or victory alone, they labor downward, they become brutish;
+but a war for true liberty, for national life, for our homes and our
+inheritance, and for the oppressed, is elevating, purifying. War is
+terrible in itself, and in some of its consequences, but there is a bow on
+the cloud. When the bolt has spent itself in the pestiferous air, all
+nature is bright and glorious. With true discipline, soldiers are made
+vigorous in body; they are also quickened in mind by the tactics and
+incitements of warfare, they are ennobled by high motives, and may leave
+the campaign better than when they entered it. Courage is awakened; love
+of liberty and order inspired; benevolence increased; and loyalty exalted
+by this war. What men bleed for they value. I have been delighted with the
+eagerness with which many soldiers whom I have visited, listened to
+Christian address, and received the word of God. It is a matter of
+gratulation that but few arrests are made in our city in these days, not
+because the police are less watchful, but because the debased portion of
+the population are inspired with a better thought. It is also hopeful to
+find, that many who entered our city as volunteers, or as drafted
+soldiers, are actually being reformed from their evil habits, under the
+greater strictness of camp discipline.
+
+We are cheered also by the fact that the people generally are more earnest
+than formerly in their attendance on divine worship; more solemn, and full
+of feeling, and disposed to study the Bible, They need God. They look to
+God. We all feel the Bible to be more than ever precious. Its solemn
+prophecies are swelling into fulfillment. The day of God is approaching,
+and the kingdoms of the earth are giving way for the coming of the Great
+King!
+
+The feeling is, and ought to be, intense for the conflict. Let the
+question be decided. Let half a million of freemen be called, when the
+time shall indicate, to form a line of fire along the boundary that
+separates Secession from loyalty. Let them take up their mighty march
+through the revolted territory, if it will not otherwise submit, and
+proclaim as they go, "Liberty throughout the land!" Let the flag that
+waved over the suffering heroes of Valley Forge, and the conquerors of
+Yorktown, wave forever on the Capitol, and over every village and subject
+in the land! Nay, it must be so. We must bow, if we do not conquer. They
+have proclaimed it. Come down, then, from the Northern mountains, and out
+from the forests and the fields, ye sons of the Pilgrims, with your firm
+force of will, and your achieving arms! Come up from the marts of
+commerce, ye daring children of the Empire State, and ye firm hearts of
+New Jersey and of Delaware! Come forth from the echoes of Erie, and the
+shores of Michigan and Superior! Come from the free air of Western
+Virginia and Ohio, from the loyal districts of Maryland, Kentucky, and
+Tennessee! Come forth from the great West! and with them, go, ye strong
+and true of my adopted State and City, who listened even in your cradles,
+to the bell which gives out its tones over the birth-place of our
+liberties! Go forth, and live the epic that future ages shall sing: be
+yours the glory of _rooting this treason out_! And as they go, bless them,
+aged fathers with tremulous voice! and mothers, bid them God speed! wives
+and sisters and Christian hearts, load them with your gifts and your
+prayers! And when they are gone, remember them at the home altar, and
+bless God that your country does not want defenders; and when your tears
+are dried up, and your cause is proclaimed triumphant, weep again tears of
+joy as you clasp the returning heroes to your arms! Or, if they shall be
+borne home to you wounded and worn in their country's service, be grateful
+that your eye can watch over them, and your hand minister to their
+necessities and griefs. Or finally, should they fall in battle, you will
+have the consolation of knowing that they saved your country; that they
+did something to consolidate its strength, and illustrate its glory
+before the world. For we are destined to conquer,--and after this trial
+the nation will come forth as gold. We need to suffer that we may value
+our liberties. From the valley of tears arise notes of victory and
+hallelujahs. Nations as well as saints, come up out of great tribulation.
+
+                          "None die in vain
+    Upon their country's war-fields! Every drop
+    Of blood, thus poured for faith and freedom, hath
+    A tone, which from the night of ages, from the gulf
+    Of death, shall burst, and make its high appeal
+    Sound unto earth and heaven."
+
+The motto now is--"No compromise! _Submission_! Give up the leaders of
+rebellion! Bow to law! Nay, more--no longer _ask_ us to protect your dark
+system!"
+
+But it is possible that, while we stir ourselves up to a fierce
+belligerency against rebellion, and rush into hot condemnation of those
+whom we once called "_brethren," we_ are rebels against God! Some of you
+who are equipping for the war, and ready to take the field in defence of
+your country and her laws, are in heart at war with holiness and God! You
+may see in the fever of our whole population what men think of treason
+against a good earthly government! See also in the commands of God, in the
+life and death of Jesus, in the declared interest and anxious watchfulness
+of angels, in the whole glorified army that shall attend the Great King
+when he comes to set up his final assize,--what the Principalities and
+Powers in Heaven think of your treason against the holy government of
+Jehovah! Behold in the uplifted arm of Justice--hear in the voice of the
+Judge, what shall be done to him who will not repent! Now the offers of
+pardon are made through the death and sacrifice of Jesus. Repent; forsake
+your sin; lay down your arms; retire from your rebellious attitude; and
+from the throne of Mercy shall the fact be proclaimed, that _you_ are
+pardoned and restored!
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Government and Rebellion, by E. E. Adams
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