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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***
+
+SARTOR RESARTUS:
+
+The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+
+By Thomas Carlyle.
+
+1831
+
+
+
+
+BOOK I.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.
+
+Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch
+of Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or
+less effect, for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times
+especially, not only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely
+than ever, but innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled
+thereat, are also glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest
+cranny or dog-hole in Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,--it might
+strike the reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or
+nothing of a fundamental character, whether in the way of Philosophy or
+History, has been written on the subject of Clothes.
+
+Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect: Lagrange, it is well
+known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not
+have been made on any other scheme. Whereby, at least, our nautical
+Logbooks can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown
+more commodious. Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough: what with the
+labors of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their
+disciples, it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the
+Creation of a World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a
+dumpling; concerning which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom
+the question, _How the apples were got in_, presented difficulties. Why
+mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of
+Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring? Then, have we not a Doctrine
+of Rent, a Theory of Value; Philosophies of Language, of History, of
+Pottery, of Apparitions, of Intoxicating Liquors? Man's whole life and
+environment have been laid open and elucidated; scarcely a fragment
+or fibre of his Soul, Body, and Possessions, but has been probed,
+dissected, distilled, desiccated, and scientifically decomposed: our
+spiritual Faculties, of which it appears there are not a few, have their
+Stewarts, Cousins, Royer Collards: every cellular, vascular, muscular
+Tissue glories in its Lawrences, Majendies, Bichats.
+
+How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand
+Tissue of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite
+overlooked by Science,--the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or
+other cloth; which Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall;
+wherein his whole other Tissues are included and screened, his whole
+Faculties work, his whole Self lives, moves, and has its being? For if,
+now and then, some straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's
+glance into this obscure region, the most have soared over it altogether
+heedless; regarding Clothes as a property, not an accident, as quite
+natural and spontaneous, like the leaves of trees, like the plumage of
+birds. In all speculations they have tacitly figured man as _a Clothed
+Animal_; whereas he is by nature a _Naked Animal_; and only in certain
+circumstances, by purpose and device, masks himself in Clothes.
+Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before and after: the more
+surprising that we do not look round a little, and see what is passing
+under our very eyes.
+
+But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid. It is, after all, a blessing
+that, in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where
+abstract Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy
+of Catholic Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris,
+deafen every French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful
+on his scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude
+here and elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast
+of cow-horn, emit his _Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen_; in
+other words, tell the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what
+o'clock it really is. Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for
+an unprofitable diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where
+nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking
+the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen
+whereby a man himself grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into
+regions of bilberries and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last
+in remote peat-bogs. Of that unwise science, which, as our Humorist
+expresses it,
+
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+
+still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said.
+In so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+consequence. Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe
+has tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited,
+into rare valleys. Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only
+finger-posts and turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers,
+for the mind of man? It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and
+knowledge shall be increased." Surely the plain rule is, Let each
+considerate person have his way, and see what it will lead to. For not
+this man and that man, but all men make up mankind, and their united
+tasks the task of mankind. How often have we seen some such adventurous,
+and perhaps much-censured wanderer light on some out-lying, neglected,
+yet vitally momentous province; the hidden treasures of which he first
+discovered, and kept proclaiming till the general eye and effort were
+directed thither, and the conquest was completed;--thereby, in these
+his seemingly so aimless rambles, planting new standards, founding
+new habitable colonies, in the immeasurable circumambient realm of
+Nothingness and Night! Wise man was he who counselled that Speculation
+should have free course, and look fearlessly towards all the thirty-two
+points of the compass, whithersoever and howsoever it listed.
+
+
+Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how
+our mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a
+political or other immediately practical tendency on all English
+culture and endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,--that this,
+not Philosophy of Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such
+Philosophy, stands here for the first time published in our language.
+What English intellect could have chosen such a topic, or by chance
+stumbled on it? But for that same unshackled, and even sequestered
+condition of the German Learned, which permits and induces them to fish
+in all manner of waters, with all manner of nets, it seems probable
+enough, this abtruse Inquiry might, in spite of the results it leads
+to, have continued dormant for indefinite periods. The Editor of these
+sheets, though otherwise boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative
+habits, and perhaps discursive enough, is free to confess, that never,
+till these last months, did the above very plain considerations, on our
+total want of a Philosophy of Clothes, occur to him; and then, by quite
+foreign suggestion. By the arrival, namely, of a new Book from Professor
+Teufelsdrockh of Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of this subject,
+and in a style which, whether understood or not, could not even by the
+blindest be overlooked. In the present Editor's way of thought, this
+remarkable Treatise, with its Doctrines, whether as judicially acceded
+to, or judicially denied, has not remained without effect.
+
+"_Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken_ (Clothes, their Origin and
+Influence): _von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc. Stillschweigen und
+Cognie. Weissnichtwo_, 1831.
+
+"Here," says the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, "comes a Volume of that
+extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken with
+pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo. Issuing
+from the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company,
+with every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as
+to set Neglect at defiance.... A work," concludes the well-nigh
+enthusiastic Reviewer, "interesting alike to the antiquary, the
+historian, and the philosophic thinker; a masterpiece of boldness,
+lynx-eyed acuteness, and rugged independent Germanism and Philanthropy
+(_derber Kerndeutschheit und Menschenliebe_); which will not, assuredly,
+pass current without opposition in high places; but must and will exalt
+the almost new name of Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy,
+in our German Temple of Honor."
+
+Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the
+first blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither
+a Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which
+modesty forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated
+wish or hope of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding
+phrase: _Mochte es_ (this remarkable Treatise) _auch im Brittischen
+Boden gedeihen_!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+
+If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then
+might the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with
+chalk in the Editor's calendar. It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of
+boundless, almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm
+nor clear, if you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive
+to his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true
+orients.
+
+Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate
+inspection, it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of
+Philosophy, leading to as yet undescried ulterior results, was
+disclosed; farther, what seemed scarcely less interesting, a quite new
+human Individuality, an almost unexampled personal character, that,
+namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh the Discloser. Of both which
+novelties, as far as might be possible, we resolved to master the
+significance. But as man is emphatically a proselytizing creature, no
+sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted, than the new question
+arose: How might this acquired good be imparted to others, perhaps in
+equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of Clothes, and the Author
+of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any measure, to the business and
+bosoms of our own English Nation? For if new-got gold is said to burn
+the pockets till it be cast forth into circulation, much more may new
+truth.
+
+Here, however, difficulties occurred. The first thought naturally was to
+publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with,
+or by money or love procure access to. But, on the other hand, was it
+not clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of,
+might endanger the circulation of any Journal extant? If, indeed, all
+party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory,
+and Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the
+Nation could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of
+Clothes poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had
+seemed possible. But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except
+_Fraser's Magazine_? A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking)
+with the maddest Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and
+destructively, wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits;
+nay, in any case, understood to be, of late years, a vehicle full to
+overflowing, and inexorably shut! Besides, to state the Philosophy of
+Clothes without the Philosopher, the ideas of Teufelsdrockh without
+something of his personality, was it not to insure both of entire
+misapprehension? Now for Biography, had it been otherwise admissible,
+there were no adequate documents, no hope of obtaining such, but rather,
+owing to circumstances, a special despair. Thus did the Editor see
+himself, for the while, shut out from all public utterance of these
+extraordinary Doctrines, and constrained to revolve them, not without
+disquietude, in the dark depths of his own mind.
+
+So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read
+and again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby
+the old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,--when
+altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke,
+our Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom
+we had not previously corresponded. The Hofrath, after much quite
+extraneous matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and
+attention" which the Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own
+German Republic of Letters; on the deep significance and tendency of his
+Friend's Volume; and then, at length, with great circumlocution, hinted
+at the practicability of conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to
+England, and through England to the distant West:" a work on Professor
+Teufelsdrockh "were undoubtedly welcome to the _Family_, the _National_,
+or any other of those patriotic _Libraries_, at present the glory
+of British Literature;" might work revolutions in Thought; and so
+forth;--in conclusion, intimating not obscurely, that should the present
+Editor feel disposed to undertake a Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he,
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, had it in his power to furnish the requisite
+Documents.
+
+As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would
+not crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the
+whole is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+Heuschrecke's. Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+united itself with like in definite arrangement: and soon either in
+actual vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of
+the whole Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass.
+Cautiously yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application
+to the famed redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made: an interview,
+interviews with that singular man have taken place; with more of
+assurance on our side, with less of satire (at least of open satire)
+on his, than we anticipated; for the rest, with such issue as is now
+visible. As to those same "patriotic _Libraries_," the Hofrath's counsel
+could only be viewed with silent amazement; but with his offer of
+Documents we joyfully and almost instantaneously closed. Thus, too, in
+the sure expectation of these, we already see our task begun; and this
+our _Sartor Resartus_, which is properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr
+Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+
+
+Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more. Let the British
+reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented
+him, and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he
+is possessed of. Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared
+from the mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and
+directed rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book.
+Who or what such Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even
+insignificant: [*] it is a voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of
+Clothes; undoubtedly a Spirit addressing Spirits: whoso hath ears, let
+him hear.
+
+     * With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask,
+     or muffler; and, we have reason to think, under a feigned
+     name!--O. Y.
+
+On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning: namely,
+that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to
+the Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according
+to ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such
+defence that he engaged in this undertaking. To stem, or if that be
+impossible, profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a
+Volume as Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable
+pile, or floodgate, in the logical wear.
+
+For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate. Powerless,
+we venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves.
+Grateful they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair
+mementos of bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods,
+when, lapped in the symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence,
+though with baser accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that
+feast of reason, never since vouchsafed him in so full measure! But what
+then? _Amicus Plato, magis amica veritas_; Teufelsdrockh is our friend,
+Truth is our divinity. In our historical and critical capacity, we hope
+we are strangers to all the world; have feud or favor with no one,--save
+indeed the Devil, with whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we
+do at all times wage internecine war. This assurance, at an epoch when
+puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of
+mankind, and even English Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must
+write on their door-lintels _No cheating here_,--we thought it good to
+premise.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES.
+
+To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the
+rest of the world. For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+unexpected. Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life: a man
+devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend,
+as he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that
+cannot but exasperate and divide. Not, that we can remember, was the
+Philosophy of Clothes once touched upon between us. If through the
+high, silent, meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected
+any practical tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a
+certain prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism;
+as indeed some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was
+now and then suspected; though his special contributions to the _Isis_
+could never be more than surmised at. But, at all events, nothing Moral,
+still less anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+
+Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which
+indeed, with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever
+remembered. Lifting his huge tumbler of _Gukguk_, [*] and for a moment
+lowering his tobacco-pipe, he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was _Zur
+Grunen Gans_, the largest in Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity,
+and nearly all the Intellect of the place assembled of an evening); and
+there, with low, soul-stirring tone, and the look truly of an angel,
+though whether of a white or of a black one might be dubious, proposed
+this toast: _Die Sache der Armen in Gottes und Teufels Namen_ (The Cause
+of the Poor, in Heaven's name and--'s)! One full shout, breaking the
+leaden silence; then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers, again
+followed by universal cheering, returned him loud acclaim. It was the
+finale of the night: resuming their pipes; in the highest enthusiasm,
+amid volumes of tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt without and
+within, the assembly broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow. _Bleibt
+doch ein echter Spass_- _und Galgen-vogel_, said several; meaning
+thereby that, one day, he would probably be hanged for his democratic
+sentiments. _Wo steckt doch der Schalk_? added they, looking round: but
+Teufelsdrockh had retired by private alleys, and the Compiler of these
+pages beheld him no more.
+
+     * Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+
+In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher,
+such estimate to form of his purposes and powers. And yet, thou brave
+Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee? Under those thick
+locks of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face
+we ever in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain. In thy eyes
+too, deep under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy,
+have we not noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and
+half fancied that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion,
+the _sleep_ of a spinning-top? Thy little figure, there as, in loose
+ill-brushed threadbare habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and
+lumber, whole days, to "think and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty
+heart. The secrets of man's Life were laid open to thee; thou sawest
+into the mystery of the Universe, farther than another; thou hadst _in
+petto_ thy remarkable Volume on Clothes. Nay, was there not in that
+clear logically founded Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy
+meek, silent, deep-seated Sansculottism, combined with a true princely
+Courtesy of inward nature, the visible rudiments of such speculation?
+But great men are too often unknown, or what is worse, misknown.
+Already, when we dreamed not of it, the warp of thy remarkable Volume
+lay on the loom; and silently, mysterious shuttles were putting in the
+woof.
+
+
+How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this
+case, may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is
+happily not our concern, but his. To us it appeared, after repeated
+trial, that in Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the
+best-informed classes, no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered;
+not so much as a false one. He was a stranger there, wafted thither by
+what is called the course of circumstances; concerning whose parentage,
+birthplace, prospects, or pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries,
+but satisfied herself with the most indistinct replies. For himself, he
+was a man so still and altogether unparticipating, that to question
+him even afar off on such particulars was a thing of more than usual
+delicacy: besides, in his sly way, he had ever some quaint turn, not
+without its satirical edge, wherewith to divert such intrusions, and
+deter you from the like. Wits spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind
+of Melchizedek, without father or mother of any kind; sometimes, with
+reference to his great historic and statistic knowledge, and the
+vivid way he had of expressing himself like an eye-witness of distant
+transactions and scenes, they called him the _Ewige Jude_, Everlasting,
+or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+
+To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction;
+but no more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their
+daily _Allgemeine Zeitung_, or the domestic habits of the Sun. Both were
+there and welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought
+no more of the matter. The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his
+little circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent
+in German Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them
+alive, and feel certain enough that they must have a History, no History
+seems to be discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and
+antediluvian ruins: That they have been created by unknown agencies,
+are in a state of gradual decay, and for the present reflect light
+and resist pressure; that is, are visible and tangible objects in this
+phantasm world, where so much other mystery is.
+
+It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, _Professor der
+Allerley-Wissenschaft_, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never
+been incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition. To all
+appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding
+their New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like
+ours," as the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are,
+rapidly or slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of
+this kind had been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task
+of bodying somewhat forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly,
+facilitated." That actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes
+for the "Science of Things in General," they doubtless considered
+premature; on which ground too they had only established the
+Professorship, nowise endowed it; so that Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by
+the highest Names," had been promoted thereby to a Name merely.
+
+Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this
+new Professorship: how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want
+of the Age (_Zeitbedurfniss_); how at length, instead of Denial
+and Destruction, we were to have a science of Affirmation and
+Reconstruction; and Germany and Weissnichtwo were where they should be,
+in the vanguard of the world. Considerable also was the wonder at the
+new Professor, dropt opportunely enough into the nascent University; so
+able to lecture, should occasion call; so ready to hold his peace for
+indefinite periods, should an enlightened Government consider that
+occasion did not call. But such admiration and such wonder, being
+followed by no act to keep them living, could last only nine days;
+and, long before our visit to that scene, had quite died away. The more
+cunning heads thought it was all an expiring clutch at popularity, on
+the part of a Minister, whom domestic embarrassments, court intrigues,
+old age, and dropsy soon afterwards finally drove from the helm.
+
+As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the _Grune
+Gans_, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him. Here,
+over his tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes
+contemplatively looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without
+other visible employment: always, from his mild ways, an agreeable
+phenomenon there; more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on
+which occasions the whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence,
+as if sure to hear something noteworthy. Nay, perhaps to hear a whole
+series and river of the most memorable utterances; such as, when once
+thawed, he would for hours indulge in, with fit audience: and the more
+memorable, as issuing from a head apparently not more interested in
+them, not more conscious of them, than is the sculptured stone head of
+some public fountain, which through its brass mouth-tube emits water to
+the worthy and the unworthy; careless whether it be for cooking
+victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed, maintains the same earnest
+assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or not.
+
+To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+scrutinize him with due power of vision! We enjoyed, what not three
+men Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the
+Professor's private domicile. It was the attic floor of the highest
+house in the Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle
+of Weissnichtwo, for it rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs,
+themselves rising from elevated ground. Moreover, with its windows it
+looked towards all the four _Orte_ or as the Scotch say, and we ought to
+say, _Airts_: the sitting room itself commanded three; another came to
+view in the _Schlafgemach_ (bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing
+of the kitchen, which offered two, as it were, _duplicates_, showing
+nothing new. So that it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of
+Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom, sitting at ease he might see the whole
+life-circulation of that considerable City; the streets and lanes of
+which, with all their doing and driving (_Thun und Treiben_), were for
+the most part visible there.
+
+"I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him
+say, "and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing,
+and choking by sulphur. From the Palace esplanade, where music plays
+while Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the
+low lane, where in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin
+livelihood sits to feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except
+Schlosskirche weather-cock, no biped stands so high. Couriers arrive
+bestrapped and bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches
+of leather: there, top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the
+country Baron and his household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier
+hops painfully along, begging alms: a thousand carriages, and wains,
+cars, come tumbling in with Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw
+Produce, inanimate or animate, and go tumbling out again with produce
+manufactured. That living flood, pouring through these streets, of all
+qualities and ages, knowest thou whence it is coming, whither it is
+going? _Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der Ewigkeit hin_: From Eternity, onwards
+to Eternity! These are Apparitions: what else? Are they not Souls
+rendered visible: in Bodies, that took shape and will lose it, melting
+into air? Their solid Pavement is a Picture of the Sense; they walk
+on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time is behind them and before them. Or
+fanciest thou, the red and yellow Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs
+on its heels and feather in its crown, is but of To-day, without a
+Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather its Ancestor alive when
+Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island? Friend, thou seest here a living
+link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all Being: watch well, or
+it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+
+"_Ach, mein Lieber_!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned
+from the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to
+dwell here. These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith
+in their leash of sidereal fire? That stifled hum of Midnight, when
+Traffic has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still
+rolling here and there through distant streets, are bearing her to
+Halls roofed in, and lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice
+and Misery, to prowl or to moan like nightbirds, are abroad: that hum,
+I say, like the stertorous, unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in
+Heaven! Oh, under that hideous coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions,
+and unimaginable gases, what a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!
+The joyful and the sorrowful are there; men are dying there, men are
+being born; men are praying,--on the other side of a brick partition,
+men are cursing; and around them all is the vast, void Night. The proud
+Grandee still lingers in his perfumed saloons, or reposes within
+damask curtains; Wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds, or shivers
+hunger-stricken into its lair of straw: in obscure cellars,
+_Rouge-et-Noir_ languidly emits its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry
+Villains; while Councillors of State sit plotting, and playing their
+high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men. The Lover whispers his
+mistress that the coach is ready; and she, full of hope and fear, glides
+down, to fly with him over the borders: the Thief, still more silently,
+sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks in wait till the watchmen
+first snore in their boxes. Gay mansions, with supper-rooms and
+dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and high-swelling hearts;
+but, in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats tremulous and
+faint, and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness, which is around
+and within, for the light of a stern last morning. Six men are to be
+hanged on the morrow: comes no hammering from the _Rabenstein_?--their
+gallows must even now be o' building. Upwards of five hundred thousand
+two-legged animals without feathers lie round us, in horizontal
+position; their heads all in nightcaps, and full of the foolishest
+dreams. Riot cries aloud, and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of
+shame; and the Mother, with streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying
+infant, whose cracked lips only her tears now moisten.--All these heaped
+and huddled together, with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry
+between them;--crammed in, like salted fish in their barrel;--or
+weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers, each
+struggling to get its _head above_ the others: _such_ work goes on under
+that smoke-counterpane!--But I, _mein Werther_, sit above it all; I am
+alone with the stars."
+
+We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+visible.
+
+These were the Professor's talking seasons: most commonly he spoke
+in mere monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the
+visitor had liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer
+an occasional grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself
+away. It was a strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and
+miscellaneous shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common
+element of dust." Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered
+a sheet of manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily
+thrown aside; ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots,
+tobacco-boxes, Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots. Old Lieschen
+(Lisekin, 'Liza), who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer
+and wringer, cook, errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the
+rest a very orderly creature, had no sovereign authority in this last
+citadel of Teufelsdrockh; only some once in the month she half-forcibly
+made her way thither, with broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily
+saving his manuscripts) effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery
+of such lumber as was not Literary. These were her _Erdbeben_
+(earthquakes), which Teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence;
+nevertheless, to such length he had been forced to comply. Glad would
+he have been to sit here philosophizing forever, or till the litter, by
+accumulation, drove him out of doors: but Lieschen was his right-arm,
+and spoon, and necessary of life, and would not be flatly gainsayed. We
+can still remember the ancient woman; so silent that some thought her
+dumb; deaf also you would often have supposed her; for Teufelsdrockh,
+and Teufelsdrockh only, would she serve or give heed to; and with him
+she seemed to communicate chiefly by signs; if it were not rather by
+some secret divination that she guessed all his wants, and supplied
+them. Assiduous old dame! she scoured, and sorted, and swept, in her
+kitchen, with the least possible violence to the ear; yet all was tight
+and right there: hot and black came the coffee ever at the due moment;
+and the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you, from under her
+clean white coif with its lappets, through her clean withered face and
+wrinkles, with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of benevolence.
+
+Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither: the only one we
+ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages. To us,
+at that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+"they never appear without their umbrella." Had we not known with what
+"little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as
+elsewhere, the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute
+train-bearers to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing
+or unwilling dupes,--it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke
+should be named a _Rath_, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in
+Weissnichtwo. What counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this
+particular Hofrath give; in whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose
+thin visage, as it went jerking to and fro, in minute incessant
+fluctuation,--you traced rather confusion worse confounded; at most,
+Timidity and physical Cold? Some indeed said withal, he was "the
+very Spirit of Love embodied:" blue earnest eyes, full of sadness and
+kindness; purse ever open, and so forth; the whole of which, we shall
+now hope, for many reasons, was not quite groundless. Nevertheless
+friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed handled the burin like few
+in these cases, was probably the best: _Er hat Gemuth und Geist,
+hat wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne Schicksals-Gunst; ist
+gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt_, "He has heart and
+talent, at least has had such, yet without fit mode of utterance, or
+favor of Fortune; and so is now half-cracked, half-congealed."--What
+the Hofrath shall think of this when he sees it, readers may wonder; we,
+safe in the stronghold of Historical Fidelity, are careless.
+
+The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh,
+which indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke
+himself. We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the
+fondness of a Boswell for his Johnson. And perhaps with the like return;
+for Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard,
+as some half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved
+him out of gratitude and by habit. On the other hand, it was curious to
+observe with what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection,
+our Hofrath, being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far
+more practically influential of the two, looked and tended on his
+little Sage, whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle. Let but
+Teufelsdrockh open his mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into
+a free doorway, besides his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing
+might be lost: and then, at every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out
+his pursy chuckle of a cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took
+some time to get in motion, and seemed crank and slack), or else his
+twanging nasal, _Bravo! Das glaub' ich_; in either case, by way of
+heartiest approval. In short, if Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which,
+except perhaps in his self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there
+was no symptom, then might Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to
+whom no dough-pill he could knead and publish was other than medicinal
+and sacred.
+
+In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at
+the time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and
+meditate. Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often,
+in solitude, outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable
+Inquirer fought all his battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in
+all probability, that he wrote this surprising Volume on _Clothes_.
+Additional particulars: of his age, which was of that standing middle
+sort you could only guess at; of his wide surtout; the color of his
+trousers, fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat, and so forth, we
+might report, but do not. The Wisest truly is, in these times, the
+Greatest; so that an enlightened curiosity leaving Kings and such
+like to rest very much on their own basis, turns more and more to the
+Philosophic Class: nevertheless, what reader expects that, with all our
+writing and reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him, till
+once the Documents arrive? His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily Presence, are
+as yet hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture. But, on the
+other hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable Volume,
+much more truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of Doubloons?
+To the soul of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely, on the
+"Origin and Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS.
+
+It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like
+the very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of
+genius, has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid
+its effulgence,--a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+
+Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and
+prophesyings of the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, we admitted that the
+Book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the
+best effect of any book; that it had even operated changes in our way
+of thought; nay, that it promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a
+new mine-shaft, wherein the whole world of Speculation might henceforth
+dig to unknown depths. More specially may it now be declared that
+Professor Teufelsdrockh's acquirements, patience of research,
+philosophic and even poetic vigor, are here made indisputably manifest;
+and unhappily no less his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold
+ineptitude; that, on the whole, as in opening new mine-shafts is
+not unreasonable, there is much rubbish in his Book, though likewise
+specimens of almost invaluable ore. A paramount popularity in England
+we cannot promise him. Apart from the choice of such a topic as Clothes,
+too often the manner of treating it betokens in the Author a rusticity
+and academic seclusion, unblamable, indeed inevitable in a German, but
+fatal to his success with our public.
+
+Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+forgotten what he saw. He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls
+many things by their mere dictionary names. To him the Upholsterer is no
+Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt
+and overhung: "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses,
+and ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that
+such Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+God-created Souls do for the time meet together." To Teufelsdrockh the
+highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+bracelets and Malines laces: in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag
+for _hooking-together_; and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and
+hammered on a stithy before smith's fingers." Thus does the Professor
+look in men's faces with a strange impartiality, a strange scientific
+freedom; like a man unversed in the higher circles, like a man dropped
+thither from the Moon. Rightly considered, it is in this peculiarity,
+running through his whole system of thought, that all these
+shortcomings, over-shootings, and multiform perversities, take rise:
+if indeed they have not a second source, also natural enough, in his
+Transcendental Philosophies, and humor of looking at all Matter and
+Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his case were but the more
+hopeless, the more lamentable.
+
+To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+Work: nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+waistcoat beats a heart,"--the force of that rapt earnestness may be
+felt, and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through? In our
+wild Seer, shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild
+honey, there is an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious,
+strength, which, except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare.
+Many a deep glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast
+into mysterious Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man.
+Wonderful it is with what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder
+the confusion; sheers down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre
+of the matter; and there not only hits the nail on the head, but with
+crushing force smites it home, and buries it.--On the other hand, let us
+be free to admit, he is the most unequal writer breathing. Often after
+some such feat, he will play truant for long pages, and go dawdling and
+dreaming, and mumbling and maundering the merest commonplaces, as if he
+were asleep with eyes open, which indeed he is.
+
+Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most
+known tongues, from _Sanchoniathon_ to _Dr. Lingard_, from your Oriental
+_Shasters_, and _Talmuds_, and _Korans_, with Cassini's _Siamese
+fables_, and Laplace's _Mecanique Celeste_, down to _Robinson Crusoe_
+and the _Belfast Town and Country Almanack_, are familiar to him,--we
+shall say nothing: for unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such
+universality of study passes without wonder, as a thing commendable,
+indeed, but natural, indispensable, and there of course. A man that
+devotes his life to learning, shall he not be learned?
+
+In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability,
+marred too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+intercourse with the higher classes. Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step
+forth in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing
+amid flame and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction,
+picturesque allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns;
+all the graces and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest
+Intellect, alternate in beautiful vicissitude. Were it not that sheer
+sleeping and soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches
+even of pure doting jargon, so often intervene! On the whole, Professor
+Teufelsdrockh, is not a cultivated writer. Of his sentences perhaps not
+more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are
+in quite angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and
+dashes), and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a
+few even sprawl out helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and
+dismembered. Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in
+him a singular attraction. A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of
+the man, like its keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as
+into the Song of Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now
+sinking in cadences, not without melodious heartiness, though sometimes
+abrupt enough, into the common pitch, when we hear it only as a
+monotonous hum; of which hum the true character is extremely difficult
+to fix. Up to this hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether
+it is a tone and hum of real Humor, which we reckon among the very
+highest qualities of genius, or some echo of mere Insanity and Inanity,
+which doubtless ranks below the very lowest.
+
+Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do
+we still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling. Gleams of an
+ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity;
+he could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it
+seems as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph. Then
+again he is so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such
+indifference, malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and
+ever with some half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if
+indeed it be not mere stolid callousness,--that you look on him almost
+with a shudder, as on some incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great
+terrestrial and celestial Round, after all, were but some huge foolish
+Whirligig, where kings and beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and
+street-sweepings, were chaotically whirled, in which only children could
+take interest. His look, as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever
+seen: yet it is not of that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among
+our own Chancery suitors; but rather the gravity as of some silent,
+high-encircled mountain-pool, perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano;
+into whose black deeps you fear to gaze: those eyes, those lights that
+sparkle in it, may indeed be reflexes of the heavenly Stars, but perhaps
+also glances from the region of Nether Fire.
+
+Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature,
+this of Teufelsdrockh! Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once
+we saw him _laugh_; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time in
+his life; but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the
+Seven Sleepers! It was of Jean Paul's doing: some single billow in that
+vast World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations,
+which is now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death! The
+large-bodied Poet and the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking
+miscellaneously together, the present Editor being privileged to listen;
+and now Paul, in his serious way, was giving one of those inimitable
+"Extra-Harangues;" and, as it chanced, On the Proposal for a _Cast-metal
+King_: gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a
+beaming, mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a
+radiant ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing
+of all Tattersall's,--tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft,
+foot clutched into the air,--loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable; a
+laugh not of the face and diaphragm only, but of the whole man from head
+to heel. The present Editor, who laughed indeed, yet with measure, began
+to fear all was not right: however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and
+sank into his old stillness; on his inscrutable countenance there was,
+if anything, a slight look of shame; and Richter himself could not rouse
+him again. Readers who have any tincture of Psychology know how much
+is to be inferred from this; and that no man who has once heartily and
+wholly laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad. How much lies in
+Laughter: the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! Some men
+wear an everlasting barren simper; in the smile of others lies a cold
+glitter as of ice: the fewest are able to laugh, what can be called
+laughing, but only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat
+outwards; or at best, produce some whiffling husky cachinnation, as if
+they were laughing through wool: of none such comes good. The man who
+cannot laugh is not only fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils; but
+his whole life is already a treason and a stratagem.
+
+Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+fault, doubtless his worst: an almost total want of arrangement. In this
+remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward
+method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little.
+Apart from its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work
+naturally falls into two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a
+Philosophical-Speculative: but falls, unhappily, by no firm line of
+demarcation; in that labyrinthic combination, each Part overlaps, and
+indents, and indeed runs quite through the other. Many sections are of
+a debatable rubric, or even quite nondescript and unnamable; whereby the
+Book not only loses in accessibility, but too often distresses us like
+some mad banquet, wherein all courses had been confounded, and fish and
+flesh, soup and solid, oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French
+mustard, were hurled into one huge tureen or trough, and the hungry
+Public invited to help itself. To bring what order we can out of this
+Chaos shall be part of our endeavor.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+
+"As Montesquieu wrote a _Spirit of Laws_," observes our Professor, "so
+could I write a _Spirit of Clothes_; thus, with an _Esprit des
+Lois_, properly an _Esprit de Coutumes_, we should have an _Esprit de
+Costumes_. For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man
+proceed by mere Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious
+operations of the mind. In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an
+Architectural Idea will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are
+the site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of
+a Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded
+mantles, based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid
+peaks, spangles and bell-girdles; swell out in starched ruffs, buckram
+stuffings, and monstrous tuberosities; or girth himself into separate
+sections, and front the world an Agglomeration of four limbs,--will
+depend on the nature of such Architectural Idea: whether Grecian,
+Gothic, Later Gothic, or altogether Modern, and Parisian or
+Anglo-Dandiacal. Again, what meaning lies in Color! From the soberest
+drab to the high-flaming scarlet, spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold
+themselves in choice of Color: if the Cut betoken Intellect and Talent,
+so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart. In all which, among nations
+as among individuals, there is an incessant, indubitable, though
+infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect: every snip of the
+Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active Influences,
+which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are neither
+invisible nor illegible.
+
+"For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of
+Clothes, as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening
+entertainment: nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such
+Philosophies have always seemed to me uninstructive enough. Nay, what
+is your Montesquieu himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a
+hieroglyphical prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity,
+in Heaven?--Let any Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear
+such and such a Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am
+_here_, to wear and obey anything!--Much, therefore, if not the whole,
+of that same _Spirit of Clothes_ I shall suppress, as hypothetical,
+ineffectual, and even impertinent: naked Facts, and Deductions drawn
+therefrom in quite another than that omniscient style, are my humbler
+and proper province."
+
+Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least,
+the boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon. Selection being
+indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the
+most cursory manner. This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by
+omnivorous learning, and utmost patience and fairness: at the same time,
+in its results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the
+Compilers of some _Library_ of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even
+Useless Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages. Was it
+this Part of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended
+us to that joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of
+British Literature"? If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it
+for their own behoof.
+
+To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads
+us into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval. Still less have we to do
+with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he
+had before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of
+aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"--very needlessly, we think.
+On this portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the
+_Adam-Kadmon_, or Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation
+with the _Nifl_ and _Muspel_ (Darkness and Light) of the antique North,
+it may be enough to say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of
+Talmudic and Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist
+in Britain with something like astonishment.
+
+But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower
+of Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable
+and habilable globe. Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic,
+Scandinavian, Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of
+every conceivable kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as
+the Nurnbergers give an _Orbis Pictus_) an _Orbis Vestitus_; or view of
+the costumes of all mankind, in all countries, in all times. It is here
+that to the Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say:
+Fall to! Here is learning: an irregular Treasury, if you will; but
+inexhaustible as the Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in
+twelve days, at the rate of three journeys a day, could not carry
+off. Sheepskin cloaks and wampum belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs;
+chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks, Afghaun shawls, trunk-hose, leather
+breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though breeches, as the name _Gallia
+Braccata_ indicates, are the more ancient), Hussar cloaks, Vandyke
+tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought vividly before us,--even the
+Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten. For most part, too, we must
+admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it is, and tumbled down quite
+pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified Learning, the drossy parts
+smelted out and thrown aside.
+
+Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures
+of human life. Of this sort the following has surprised us. The first
+purpose of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or
+decency, but ornament. "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition
+of the Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of
+hair, which with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him
+like a matted cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick
+natural fell. He loitered in the sunny glades of the forest, living
+on wild-fruits; or, as the ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in
+morasses, lurking for his bestial or human prey; without implements,
+without arms, save the ball of heavy Flint, to which, that his sole
+possession and defence might not be lost, he had attached a long cord
+of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well as hurling it with deadly
+unerring skill. Nevertheless, the pains of Hunger and Revenge once
+satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but Decoration (_Putz_). Warmth
+he found in the toils of the chase; or amid dried leaves, in his hollow
+tree, in his bark shed, or natural grotto: but for Decoration he must
+have Clothes. Nay, among wild people, we find tattooing and painting
+even prior to Clothes. The first spiritual want of a barbarous man
+is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the barbarous classes in
+civilized countries.
+
+"Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,--has descended,
+like thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+Anthropophagus! Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+cometh forth sweetness. What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+Time! For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality. Cast forth
+thy Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe: it is
+a seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will
+be found flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a
+Hemlock-forest!) after a thousand years.
+
+"He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of _Movable
+Types_ was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and
+Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented
+the Art of Printing. The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and
+Charcoal drove Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling: what will
+the last do? Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under
+Thought, of Animal courage under Spiritual. A simple invention it was
+in the old-world Grazier,--sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country
+till he got it bartered for corn or oil,--to take a piece of Leather,
+and thereon scratch or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or _Pecus_); put
+it in his pocket, and call it _Pecunia_, Money. Yet hereby did Barter
+grow Sale, the Leather Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles
+have been out-miracled: for there are Rothschilds and English National
+Debts; and whoso has sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence)
+over all men; commands cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him,
+kings to mount guard over him,--to the length of sixpence.--Clothes too,
+which began in foolishest love of Ornament, what have they not become!
+Increased Security and pleasurable Heat soon followed: but what of
+these? Shame, divine Shame (_Schaam_, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the
+Anthropophagous bosom, arose there mysteriously under Clothes; a
+mystic grove-encircled shrine for the Holy in man. Clothes gave us
+individuality, distinctions, social polity; Clothes have made Men of us;
+they are threatening to make Clothes-screens of us.
+
+"But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a
+Tool-using Animal (_Handthierendes Thier_). Weak in himself, and of
+small stature, he stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of
+some half-square foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs,
+lest the very wind supplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are
+a crushing load for him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like
+a waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools: with these
+the granite mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing
+iron, as if it were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds
+and fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools;
+without Tools he is nothing, with Tools he is all."
+
+Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of
+all that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best? Man is called
+a Laughing Animal: but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it;
+and is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher? Teufelsdrockh
+himself, as we said, laughed only once. Still less do we make of that
+other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for
+rigorous scientific purposes, is as good as useless. Can a Tartar be
+said to cook, when he only readies his steak by riding on it?
+Again, what Cookery does the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his
+whale-blubber, as a marmot, in the like case, might do? Or how would
+Monsieur Ude prosper among those Orinoco Indians who, according to
+Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the branches of trees; and, for half
+the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay, the whole country being under
+water? But, on the other hand, show us the human being, of any period or
+climate, without his Tools: those very Caledonians, as we saw, had their
+Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no brute has or can have.
+
+"Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt
+way; "of which truth Clothes are but one example: and surely if we
+consider the interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man,
+and those Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons,
+we shall note what progress he has made. He digs up certain black stones
+from the bosom of the earth, and says to them, _Transport me and this
+luggage at the rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour_; and they do
+it: he collects, apparently by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight
+miscellaneous individuals, and says to them, _Make this nation toil for
+us, bleed for us, hunger and, sorrow and sin for us_; and they do it."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. APRONS.
+
+One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that
+on _Aprons_. What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose
+Apron, now indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which
+proved successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what
+though John Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she
+would catch her husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie
+and be a bishop;" what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other
+Apron worthies,--figure here? An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes
+even a tone of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too
+clearly discernible. What, for example, are we to make of such sentences
+as the following?
+
+"Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to
+modesty, sometimes to roguery. From the thin slip of notched silk (as
+it were, the emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some
+highest-bred housewife, sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes,
+has gracefully fastened on; to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him
+with thongs, wherein the Builder builds, and at evening sticks his
+trowel; or to those jingling sheet-iron Aprons, wherein your otherwise
+half-naked Vulcans hammer and smelt in their smelt-furnace,--is there
+not range enough in the fashion and uses of this Vestment? How much
+has been concealed, how much has been defended in Aprons! Nay, rightly
+considered, what is your whole Military and Police Establishment,
+charged at uncalculated millions, but a huge scarlet-colored,
+iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily enough); guarding
+itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this Devil's-smithy
+(_Teufels-schmiede_) of a world? But of all Aprons the most puzzling
+to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock. Wherein consists the
+usefulness of this Apron? The Overseer (_Episcopus_) of Souls, I notice,
+has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were done: what
+does he shadow forth thereby?" &c. &c.
+
+Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as
+we shall now quote?
+
+"I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as
+a new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval: nor is it
+without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having
+in view to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in
+England."--We who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed
+have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for
+our Literature, exuberant as it is.--Teufelsdrockh continues: "If such
+supply of printed Paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways
+and public thoroughfares, new means must of necessity be had recourse
+to. In a world existing by Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a
+destroying element, and not as a creating one. However, Heaven is
+omnipotent, and will find us an outlet. In the mean while, is it not
+beautiful to see five million quintals of Rags picked annually from the
+Laystall; and annually, after being macerated, hot-pressed, printed on,
+and sold,--returned thither; filling so many hungry mouths by the way?
+Thus is the Laystall, especially with its Rags or Clothes-rubbish, the
+grand Electric Battery, and Fountain-of-motion, from which and to
+which the Social Activities (like vitreous and resinous Electricities)
+circulate, in larger or smaller circles, through the mighty, billowy,
+storm-tost chaos of Life, which they keep alive!"--Such passages fill
+us, who love the man, and partly esteem him, with a very mixed feeling.
+
+Farther down we meet with this: "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+and Clergy: henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write
+not of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped
+Broad-sheet Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as
+this or the other Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the
+world's ear. Of the British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important
+of all, and wonderful enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a
+valuable descriptive History already exists, in that language, under the
+title of _Satan's Invisible World Displayed_; which, however, by search
+in all the Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring
+(_vermochte night aufzutreiben_)."
+
+Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore. Thus does
+Teufelsdrockh, wandering in regions where he had little business,
+confound the old authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new,
+spurious, imaginary Historian of the _Brittische Journalistik_; and so
+stumble on perhaps the most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+
+Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic,
+when he reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the
+Seventeenth Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume. It is here
+that the Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest.
+Fantastic garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed
+each other, like monster devouring monster in a Dream. The whole too
+in brief authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of
+genius which makes even old raiment live. Indeed, so learned, precise,
+graphical, and every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that
+it may be thrown out as a pertinent question for parties concerned,
+Whether or not a good English Translation thereof might henceforth be
+profitably incorporated with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work _On Ancient
+Armor_? Take, by way of example, the following sketch; as authority
+for which Paulinus's _Zeitkurzende Lust_ (ii. 678) is, with seeming
+confidence, referred to:
+
+"Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again,
+and see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin.
+But happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is
+not needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like
+a Tree, whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie
+peaceably underground. Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see
+and know, how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his
+place quite filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the
+very Byron, in some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a
+foreigner to his Europe. Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in
+Clothes, as in all other external things whatsoever, no fashion will
+continue.
+
+"Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts,
+complicated chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and
+fighting gear have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has
+acquired somewhat of a sign-post character,--I shall here say nothing:
+the civil and pacific classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough
+for us.
+
+"Rich men, I find, have _Teusinke_ [a perhaps untranslatable article];
+also a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a man
+walks, it is with continual jingling. Some few, of musical turn, have a
+whole chime of bells (_Glockenspiel_) fastened there; which, especially
+in sudden whirls, and the other accidents of walking, has a grateful
+effect. Observe too how fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch
+intersections. The male world wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang
+bobbing over the side (_schief_): their shoes are peaked in front,
+also to the length of an ell, and laced on the side with tags; even
+the wooden shoes have their ell-long noses: some also clap bells on the
+peak. Further, according to my authority, the men have breeches without
+seat (_ohne Gesass_): these they fasten peakwise to their shirts; and
+the long round doublet must overlap them.
+
+"Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and
+before, so that back and breast are almost bare. Wives of quality, on
+the other hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which
+trains there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their
+silk-cloth Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a
+handbreadth thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long
+flood of silver buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe,
+wherewith these same welt-gowns are buttoned. The maidens have bound
+silver snoods about their hair, with gold spangles, and pendent flames
+(_Flammen_), that is, sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's
+head-gear who shall speak? Neither in love of grace is comfort
+forgotten. In winter weather you behold the whole fair creation (that
+can afford it) in long mantles, with skirts wide below, and, for hem,
+not one but two sufficient hand-broad welts; all ending atop in a
+thick well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches broad: these are their
+Ruff-mantles (_Kragenmantel_).
+
+"As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+together with batter (_mit Teig zusammengekleistert_), which create
+protuberance enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the
+art of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+
+Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion
+of any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call
+a real love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes,
+or other the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers
+so many, escape him: more especially the mischances, or striking
+adventures, incident to the wearers of such, are noticed with due
+fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's fine mantle, which he spread in the mud
+under Queen Elizabeth's feet, appears to provoke little enthusiasm
+in him; he merely asks, Whether at that period the Maiden Queen "was
+red-painted on the nose, and white-painted on the cheeks, as her
+tire-women, when from spleen and wrinkles she would no longer look in
+any glass, were wont to serve her"? We can answer that Sir Walter knew
+well what he was doing, and had the Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment
+dyed in verdigris, would have done the same.
+
+Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader
+parts of the body, by introduction of Bran,--our Professor fails not to
+comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a
+chair with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his
+_devoir_ on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several
+pecks of dry wheat-dust: and stood there diminished to a spindle, his
+galloons and slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon
+the Professor publishes this reflection:--
+
+"By what strange chances do we live in History? Erostratus by a torch;
+Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by
+his limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,--for
+no Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him. Vain was the prayer of
+Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+Destiny, and read since it is written."--Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put in
+mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting, stands
+that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+
+"The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry,
+in the late Colombian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal,
+is provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it
+circular): in the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long;
+through this the mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and
+so rides shielded from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for
+he rolls it about his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and
+draperied."
+
+With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity,
+and Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of
+our subject.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+
+If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+discussing merely the _Werden_ (Origin and successive Improvement)
+of Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their _Wirken_, or
+Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure
+of his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+commences: all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it
+to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or
+mere cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to
+expound the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he
+undertakes to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand
+Proposition, that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned
+together, and held up, by Clothes." He says in so many words, "Society
+is founded upon Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude
+on Cloth, as on a Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and
+unclean beasts in the Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle,
+would sink to endless depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either
+case be no more."
+
+By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation
+this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical
+Corollaries are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to
+attempt exhibiting. Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of
+common school Logic, where the truths all stand in a row, each holding
+by the skirts of the other; but at best that of practical Reason'
+proceeding by large Intuition over whole systematic groups and kingdoms;
+whereby, we might say, a noble complexity, almost like that of Nature,
+reigns in his Philosophy, or spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze,
+yet, as faith whispers, not without a plan. Nay we complained above,
+that a certain ignoble complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was
+also discernible. Often, also, we have to exclaim: Would to Heaven
+those same Biographical Documents were come! For it seems as if the
+demonstration lay much in the Author's individuality; as if it were not
+Argument that had taught him, but Experience. At present it is only
+in local glimpses, and by significant fragments, picked often at
+wide-enough intervals from the original Volume, and carefully collated,
+that we can hope to impart some outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine.
+Readers of any intelligence are once more invited to favor us with their
+most concentrated attention: let these, after intense consideration,
+and not till then, pronounce, Whether on the utmost verge of our actual
+horizon there is not a looming as of Land; a promise of new Fortunate
+Islands, perhaps whole undiscovered Americas, for such as have canvas to
+sail thither?--As exordium to the whole, stand here the following long
+citation:--
+
+"With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+ask yourself that unanswerable question: Who am I; the thing that can
+say 'I' (_das Wesen das sich ICH nennt_)? The world, with its loud
+trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all
+the living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith
+your Existence sits surrounded,--the sight reaches forth into the void
+Deep, and you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with it,
+as one mysterious Presence with another.
+
+"Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;--some
+embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind? _Cogito, ergo sum_. Alas,
+poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am;
+and lately was not: but Whence? How? Whereto? The answer lies around,
+written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature: but where
+is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will
+yield articulate meaning? We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century,
+lies not even nearer the verge thereof: sounds and many-colored visions
+flit round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream
+and Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect
+not. Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but
+the Sun that made it lies behind us, hidden from us. Then, in that
+strange Dream, how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances;
+and sleep deepest while fancying ourselves most awake! Which of your
+Philosophical Systems is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient,
+confidently given out, where divisor and dividend are both unknown? What
+are all your national Wars, with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary
+hate-filled Revolutions, but the Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers? This
+Dreaming, this Somnambulism is what we on Earth call Life; wherein the
+most indeed undoubtingly wander, as if they knew right hand from left;
+yet they only are wise who know that they know nothing.
+
+"Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+unproductive! The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's
+secret: a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he
+suffers death, the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and
+Categories, and Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air-castles
+are cunningly built of Words, the Words well bedded also in good
+Logic-mortar; wherein, however, no Knowledge will come to lodge. _The
+whole is greater than the part_: how exceedingly true! _Nature abhors a
+vacuum_: how exceedingly false and calumnious! Again, _Nothing can act
+but where it is_: with all my heart; only, WHERE is it? Be not the slave
+of Words: is not the Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for
+it, and mourn for it, Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor
+I stand on? But that same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the
+first the master-colors of our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas
+(the warp and woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are
+painted. Nevertheless, has not a deeper meditation taught certain
+of every climate and age, that the WHERE and WHEN, so mysteriously
+inseparable from all our thoughts, are but superficial terrestrial
+adhesions to thought; that the Seer may discern them where they mount
+up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE and FOREVER: have not all nations
+conceived their God as Omnipresent and Eternal; as existing in a
+universal HERE, an everlasting Now? Think well, thou too wilt find that
+Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so likewise Time; there _is_ no
+Space and no Time: WE are--we know not what;--light-sparkles floating in
+the ether of Deity!
+
+"So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image,
+our ME the only reality: and Nature, with its thousand-fold production
+and destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy
+of our Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in _Faust_ names it, _the living
+visible Garment of God_:--
+
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+
+Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of
+the _Erdgeist_, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the
+meaning thereof?
+
+"It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes. Strange
+enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+Tailored. The Horse I ride has his own whole fell: strip him of the
+girths and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the
+noble creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his
+own boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the
+valleys, with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein
+warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also
+have been considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color,
+featly appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting. While
+I--good Heaven!--have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of
+sheep, the bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of
+oxen or seals, the felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving
+Rag-screen, overheaped with shreds and tatters raked from the
+Charnel-house of Nature, where they would have rotted, to rot on me more
+slowly! Day after day, I must thatch myself anew; day after day, this
+despicable thatch must lose some film of its thickness; some film of it,
+frayed away by tear and wear, must be brushed off into the Ashpit, into
+the Laystall; till by degrees the whole has been brushed thither, and I,
+the dust-making, patent Rag-grinder, get new material to grind down.
+O subter-brutish! vile! most vile! For have not I too a compact
+all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier? Am I a botched mass of tailors'
+and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated, homogeneous little
+Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+
+"Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to
+plainest facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live
+at ease in the midst of Wonders and Terrors. But indeed man is, and was
+always, a blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than
+to think and consider. Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his
+absolute lawgiver; mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose;
+thus let but a Rising of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World
+happen _twice_, and it ceases to be marvellous, to be noteworthy,
+or noticeable. Perhaps not once in a lifetime does it occur to your
+ordinary biped, of any country or generation, be he gold-mantled Prince
+or russet-jerkined Peasant, that his Vestments and his Self are not one
+and indivisible; that _he_ is naked, without vestments, till he buy or
+steal such, and by forethought sew and button them.
+
+"For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and
+how, reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and
+demoralizes us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind;
+almost as one feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season,
+you see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped
+sacking), in the meadows of Gouda. Nevertheless there is something great
+in the moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages;
+and sees indeed that he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked
+straddling animal with bandy legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable
+Mystery of Mysteries."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM.
+
+Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+conclusion of the last Chapter. The Editor himself, on first glancing
+over that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim: What, have we got
+not only a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract? A
+new Adamite, in this century, which flatters itself that it is the
+Nineteenth, and destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+
+Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+and sexes derive from Clothes. For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling
+and puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth
+into the world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy
+blankets, and bibs, and other nameless hulls? A terror to thyself and
+mankind! Or hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst
+breeches, and thy long clothes became short? The village where thou
+livedst was all apprised of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed
+thy pudding-cheek, and gave thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on
+that the first gala-day of thy existence. Again, wert not thou, at one
+period of life, a Buck, or Blood, or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy,
+or by whatever name, according to year and place, such phenomenon is
+distinguished? In that one word lie included mysterious volumes. Nay,
+now when the reign of folly is over, or altered, and thy clothes are not
+for triumph but for defence, hast thou always worn them perforce, and as
+a consequence of Man's Fall; never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable
+House, a Body round thy Body, wherein that strange THEE of thine sat
+snug, defying all variations of Climate? Girt with thick double-milled
+kerseys; half buried under shawls and broadbrims, and overalls and
+mudboots, thy very fingers cased in doeskin and mittens, thou hast
+bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though it were in wild winter, dashed
+through the world, glorying in it as if thou wert its lord. In vain did
+the sleet beat round thy temples; it lighted only on thy impenetrable,
+felted or woven, case of wool. In vain did the winds howl,--forests
+sounding and creaking, deep calling unto deep,--and the storms heap
+themselves together into one huge Arctic whirlpool: thou flewest through
+the middle thereof, striking fire from the highway; wild music hummed
+in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the air;" the wreck of matter
+and the crash of worlds was thy element and propitiously wafting tide.
+Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what hadst thou been; what had
+thy fleet quadruped been?--Nature is good, but she is not the best: here
+truly was the victory of Art over Nature. A thunderbolt indeed might
+have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst defy.
+
+Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+indeed"? Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+
+Nowise, courteous reader! The Professor knows full well what he is
+saying; and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong. If Clothes,
+in these times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming
+value; can they not be altered to serve better; must they of
+necessity be thrown to the dogs? The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a
+Sansculottist, is no Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go
+forth before this degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do
+it, as those old Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness. The utility of
+Clothes is altogether apparent to him: nay perhaps he has an insight
+into their more recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we
+might call the omnipotent virtue of Clothes, such as was never before
+vouchsafed to any man. For example:--
+
+"You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the
+other in coarse threadbare Blue: Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and
+anatomized;' Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!)
+marches sorrowfully to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his
+hour, and the surgeons dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton
+for medical purposes. How is this; or what make ye of your _Nothing can
+act but where it is_? Red has no physical hold of Blue, no _clutch_
+of him, is nowise in _contact_ with him: neither are those ministering
+Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to
+commanding Red, that he can tug them hither and thither; but each stands
+distinct within his own skin. Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is
+it done: the articulated Word sets all hands in Action; and Rope and
+Improved-drop perform their work.
+
+"Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold: First, that _Man is a
+Spirit_, and bound by invisible bonds to _All Men_; secondly, that _he
+wears Clothes_, which are the visible emblems of that fact. Has not
+your Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a
+plush-gown; whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?--Society, which
+the more I think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon Cloth.
+
+"Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how
+the ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke
+this is presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and
+innumerable Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are
+advancing gallantly to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote
+privacy, to form a clear picture of that solemnity,--on a sudden, as by
+some enchanter's wand, the--shall I speak it?--the Clothes fly off the
+whole dramatic corps; and Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed
+Presence itself, every mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not
+a shirt on them; and I know not whether to laugh or weep. This physical
+or psychical infirmity, in which perhaps I am not singular, I have,
+after hesitation, thought right to publish, for the solace of those
+afflicted with the like."
+
+Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret!
+Who is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his
+Morning Newspaper without a shudder? Hypochondriac men, and all men are
+to a certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated. With
+what readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows
+out the consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes
+on to draw:--
+
+"What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate,
+in very Deed, as here in Dream? _Ach Gott_! How each skulks into
+the nearest hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (_Haupt- und
+Staats-Action_) becomes a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the
+worst kind of Farce; _the tables_ (according to Horace), and with them,
+the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and
+Civilized Society, _are dissolved_, in wails and howls."
+
+Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+naked House of Lords? Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils
+on itself, and will not forward with the picture. The Woolsack, the
+Ministerial, the Opposition Benches--_infandum! infandum_! And yet why
+is the thing impossible? Was not every soul, or rather every body, of
+these Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a
+forked Radish with a head fantastically carved"? And why might he not,
+did our stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as
+into bed, in that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes,
+hold a Bed of Justice? "Solace of those afflicted with the like!"
+Unhappy Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical
+infirmity" before? And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled
+confession (which we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on
+by Critical and Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably
+infect therewith! Art thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the
+maddest?
+
+"It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh,
+"in how far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to
+benefit of clergy, and English trial by jury: nay perhaps, considering
+his high function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and
+Sovereign armed with the _terrors_ of the Law?), to a certain royal
+Immunity and Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class
+of persons are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+
+"O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+with a stick and red clout, to the market:' or if some drivers, as
+they do in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle
+thereof terrifies the boldest!"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. PURE REASON.
+
+It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is
+a speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for
+most part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which
+we make so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and
+"bladders with dried peas." To linger among such speculations, longer
+than mere Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish. For
+our purposes the simple fact that such a _Naked World_ is possible,
+nay actually exists (under the Clothed one), will be sufficient. Much,
+therefore, we omit about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with
+Carmen," and the Kings being thrown: "dissect them with scalpels," says
+Teufelsdrockh; "the same viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other
+life-tackle, are there: examine their spiritual mechanism; the same
+great Need, great Greed, and little Faculty; nay ten to one but the
+Carman, who understands draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something
+of the laws of unstable and stable equilibrium, with other branches
+of wagon-science, and has actually put forth his hand and operated on
+Nature, is the more cunningly gifted of the two. Whence, then, their
+so unspeakable difference? From Clothes." Much also we shall omit about
+confusion of Ranks, and Joan and My Lady, and how it would be everywhere
+"Hail fellow well met," and Chaos were come again: all which to any one
+that has once fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea, _Society in
+a state of Nakedness_, will spontaneously suggest itself. Should some
+sceptical individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without
+Clothes, the smallest Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist,
+let him turn to the original Volume, and view there the boundless
+Serbonian Bog of Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential: over
+which we have lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole
+nations might sink! If indeed the following argument, in its brief
+riveting emphasis, be not of itself incontrovertible and final:--
+
+"Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo? Or how,
+without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and
+true pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a PURSE?"
+
+Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+one knows not whether to hate or to love him. For though, in looking at
+the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures,
+he dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers,--there is
+that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past
+and present Sansculottists. The grand unparalleled peculiarity of
+Teufelsdrockh is, that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a
+Transcendentalism, no less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he
+degrade man below most animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on
+the other, exalts him beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality
+with the Gods.
+
+"To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man? An omnivorous Biped
+that wears Breeches. To the eye of Pure Reason what is he? A Soul, a
+Spirit, and divine Apparition. Round his mysterious ME, there
+lies, under all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses),
+contextured in the Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like,
+and dwells with them in UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for
+himself a Universe, with azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of
+Years. Deep-hidden is he under that strange Garment; amid Sounds
+and Colors and Forms, as it were, swathed in, and inextricably
+over-shrouded: yet it is sky-woven, and worthy of a God. Stands he not
+thereby in the centre of Immensities, in the conflux of Eternities? He
+feels; power has been given him to know, to believe; nay does not the
+spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval brightness, even here,
+though but for moments, look through? Well said Saint Chrysostom,
+with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:' where else is the
+GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our hearts, as in
+our fellow-man?"
+
+In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+forth, as it were, in full flood: and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment,
+we seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;--though,
+alas, the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from
+view.
+
+Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and
+indeed, to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent. Nothing
+that he sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:
+thus, if in the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as
+well as in the poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay,
+Contemptibility; there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend
+Worth. For Matter, were it never so despicable, is Spirit, the
+manifestation of Spirit: were it never so honorable, can it be more? The
+thing Visible, nay the thing Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as
+Visible, what is it but a Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial
+Invisible, "unimaginable formless, dark with excess of bright"? Under
+which point of view the following passage, so strange in purport, so
+strange in phrase, seems characteristic enough:--
+
+"The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+armed eyesight, till they become _transparent_. 'The Philosopher,' says
+the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:' how true!
+The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the Lowest
+has mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+
+"Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in
+Arkwright looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our
+Imagination? Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love;
+since all was created by God?
+
+"Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate,
+a more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+
+For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen
+of so singular a Planet as ours. "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of
+Worship: the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only
+at certain stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a
+reign _in partibus infidelium_." That progress of Science, which is to
+destroy Wonder, and in its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration,
+finds small favor with Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates
+these two latter processes.
+
+"Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted,
+or even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's
+mind become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere
+Tables of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you
+call Political Economy, are the Meal? And what is that Science, which
+the scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's
+in the Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute
+without shadow of a heart,--but one other of the mechanical and menial
+handicrafts, for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too
+noble an organ? I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps
+poisonous; at best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth;
+does not live, like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading
+harvests, bringing food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+
+In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according
+to ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with
+charitable intent. Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and
+treble-pipe Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these
+days, so numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics'
+Institute of Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings
+round their Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as
+illuminated Sceptics, walk abroad into peaceable society, in full
+daylight, with rattle and lantern, and insist on guiding you and
+guarding you therewith, though the Sun is shining, and the street
+populous with mere justice-loving men:" that whole class is
+inexpressibly wearisome to him. Hear with what uncommon animation he
+perorates:--
+
+"The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and
+worship), were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried
+the whole _Mecanique Celeste_ and _Hegel's Philosophy_, and the epitome
+of all Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single
+head,--is but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let
+those who have Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+
+"Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world
+by the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp
+of what I call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or
+believe nothing of it? Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes
+the unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere
+under our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle
+and Temple, as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,--he shall be a
+delirious Mystic; to him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively
+proffer thy hand-lamp, and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his
+foot through it?--_Armer Teufel_! Doth not thy cow calve, doth not
+thy bull gender? Thou thyself, wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?
+'Explain' me all this, or do one of two things: Retire into private
+places with thy foolish cackle; or, what were better, give it up,
+and weep, not that the reign of wonder is done, and God's world all
+disembellished and prosaic, but that thou hitherto art a Dilettante and
+sand-blind Pedant."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE.
+
+The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted
+it would do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a
+cloud-capt, almost chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in
+the far distance, and streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly
+questionable purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more
+important for us to ascertain. Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries
+many a timid wayfarer, or the reflex of Pandemonian lava? Is it of a
+truth leading us into beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning
+marl of a Hell-on-Earth?
+
+Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives
+an Editor enough to do. Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads
+us to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views
+and glances. For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a
+Whole:--
+
+"Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist: 'If I take the wings of the morning
+and dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.' Thou
+thyself, O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a
+Prosaist, knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the
+world where at least FORCE is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy
+wet hand, rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept
+away; already on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic
+of Cancer. How came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless? Thinkest
+thou there is aught motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+
+"As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself: That little fire
+which glows star-like across the dark-growing (_nachtende_) moor, where
+the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy
+lost horse-shoe,--is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the
+whole Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole? Thou fool, that
+smithy-fire was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that
+circulates from before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein,
+with Iron Force, and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are
+cunning affinities and battles and victories of Force brought about; it
+is a little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of
+Immensity. Call it, if thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the
+bosom of the All; whose iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence
+reach quite through the All; whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by
+brain and sinew, preaches forth the mystery of Force; nay preaches forth
+(exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the
+Gospel of Man's Force, commanding, and one day to be all-commanding.
+
+"Detached, separated! I say there is no such separation: nothing
+hitherto was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered
+leaf, works together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless,
+shoreless flood of Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses.
+The withered leaf is not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and
+around it, though working in inverse order; else how could it rot?
+Despise not the rag from which man makes Paper, or the litter from which
+the earth makes Corn. Rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant;
+all objects are as windows, through which the philosophic eye looks into
+Infinitude itself."
+
+Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+
+"All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its
+own account; strictly taken, is not there at all: Matter exists only
+spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and _body_ it forth. Hence
+Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want. On the other hand,
+all Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven:
+must not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the
+else invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like
+Spirits, revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as
+we often see, the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise)
+reveal such even to the outward eye?
+
+"Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with
+Beauty, with Curses, and the like. Nay, if you consider it, what is Man
+himself, and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing
+or visible Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a
+light-particle, down from Heaven? Thus is he said also to be clothed
+with a Body.
+
+"Language is called the Garment of Thought: however, it should rather
+be, Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought. I said that
+Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she? Metaphors are her
+stuff: examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+(of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such,
+or no longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+colorless? If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+the Flesh-Garment, Language,--then are Metaphors its muscles and tissues
+and living integuments. An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain seek
+for: is not your very _Attention_ a _Stretching-to_? The difference
+lies here: some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself seems
+osseous; some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking;
+while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth,
+sometimes (as in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.
+Moreover, there are sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same
+Thought's-Body (best naked), and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering
+it out, may be called its false stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks
+(_Putz-Mantel_), and tawdry woollen rags: whereof he that runs and reads
+may gather whole hampers,--and burn them."
+
+Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see
+a more surprisingly metaphorical? However, that is not our chief
+grievance; the Professor continues:--
+
+"Why multiply instances? It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are: the Time-vesture of
+the Eternal. Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season,
+and to be laid off. Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES,
+rightly understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed,
+done, and been: the whole External Universe and what it holds is but
+Clothing; and the essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF
+CLOTHES."
+
+Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on
+the impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling.
+Till lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected
+Aid of Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into
+the red of morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain
+whether dawn of day or dusk of utter darkness. For the last week, these
+so-called Biographical Documents are in his hand. By the kindness of
+a Scottish Hamburg Merchant, whose name, known to the whole mercantile
+world, he must not mention; but whose honorable courtesy, now and often
+before spontaneously manifested to him, a mere literary stranger,
+he cannot soon forget,--the bulky Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its
+Custom-house seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and miscellaneous tokens of
+Travel, arrived here in perfect safety, and free of cost. The reader
+shall now fancy with what hot haste it was broken up, with what
+breathless expectation glanced over; and, alas, with what unquiet
+disappointment it has, since then, been often thrown down, and again
+taken up.
+
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already:
+that however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science
+originating in the Head (_Verstand_) alone, no Life-Philosophy
+(_Lebensphilosophie_), such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which
+originates equally in the Character (_Gemuth_), and equally speaks
+thereto, can attain its significance till the Character itself is known
+and seen; "till the Author's View of the World (_Weltansicht_), and how
+he actively and passively came by such view, are clear: in short till
+a Biography of him has been philosophico-poetically written, and
+philosophico-poetically read.... Nay," adds he, "were the speculative
+scientific Truth even known, you still, in this inquiring age, ask
+yourself, Whence came it, and Why, and How?--and rest not, till, if
+no better may be, Fancy have shaped out an answer; and either in the
+authentic lineaments of Fact, or the forged ones of Fiction, a complete
+picture and Genetical History of the Man and his spiritual Endeavor lies
+before you. But why," says the Hofrath, and indeed say we, "do I dilate
+on the uses of our Teufelsdrockh's Biography? The great Herr Minister
+von Goethe has penetratingly remarked that Man is properly the _only_
+object that interests man:' thus I too have noted, that in Weissnichtwo
+our whole conversation is little or nothing else but Biography or
+Autobiography; ever humano-anecdotical (_menschlich-anekdotisch_).
+Biography is by nature the most universally profitable, universally
+pleasant of all things: especially Biography of distinguished
+individuals.
+
+"By this time, _mein Verehrtester_ (my Most Esteemed)," continues
+he, with an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from
+Teufelsdrockh, or some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh
+unaccountable, "by this time you are fairly plunged (_vertieft_) in that
+mighty forest of Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers
+do, with astonishment enough. Such portions and passages as you have
+already mastered, and brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange
+curiosity touching the mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled
+psychical mechanism, which manufactured such matter, and emitted it to
+the light of day. Had Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he,
+at one time, wear drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat? Did he ever,
+in rapture and tears, clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also
+wistfully into the long burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds,
+and their low harsh moan, give inarticulate answer? Has he fought
+duels;--good Heaven! how did he comport himself when in Love? By what
+singular stair-steps, in short, and subterranean passages, and sloughs
+of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has he reached this wonderful
+prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry) where he now dwells?
+
+"To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+silent. Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has
+parted with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad
+cookery, blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for
+they have let him pass), has had the Bill to discharge. But the whole
+particulars of his Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque
+Sketches he took, though all regularly jotted down (in indelible
+sympathetic-ink by an invisible interior Penman), are these nowhere
+forthcoming? Perhaps quite lost: one other leaf of that mighty Volume
+(of human Memory) left to fly abroad, unprinted, unpublished, unbound
+up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport of rainy winds?
+
+"No, _verehrtester Herr Herausgeber_, in no wise! I here, by the
+unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only,
+but an Autobiography: at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight: and so the
+whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to
+the wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through
+Hindostan, and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (_einnehmen_)
+great part of this terrestrial Planet!"
+
+And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in
+place of this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find--Six
+considerable PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in
+gilt China-ink, with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs,
+beginning at Libra; in the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous
+masses of Sheets, and oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor
+Teufelsdrockh's scarce legible _cursiv-schrift_; and treating of all
+imaginable things under the Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal
+history only at rare intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+
+Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here,
+speaking in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once
+named. Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological
+Disquisition, "Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The
+continued Possibility of Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite
+private, not unimportant Biographical fact. On certain sheets stand
+Dreams, authentic or not, while the circumjacent waking Actions are
+omitted. Anecdotes, oftenest without date of place or time, fly loosely
+on separate slips, like Sibylline leaves. Interspersed also are long
+purely Autobiographical delineations; yet without connection, without
+recognizable coherence; so unimportant, so superfluously minute, they
+almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk of this Parish." Thus does famine of
+intelligence alternate with waste. Selection, order, appears to be
+unknown to the Professor. In all Bags the same imbroglio; only perhaps
+in the Bag _Capricorn_, and those near it, the confusion a little
+worse confounded. Close by a rather eloquent Oration, "On receiving the
+Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked _bezahlt_ (settled). His Travels
+are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the various cities he has
+visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most living tongues, here is
+perhaps the completest collection extant.
+
+So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which
+by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it! As we shall
+perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in
+the British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them,
+may be spared. Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is,
+clearly enough, none to be gleaned here: at most some sketchy,
+shadowy fugitive likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of
+intellect, partly of imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader,
+rise up between them. Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that
+aqueous-chaotic Volume can the contents of the Six Bags hover round us,
+and portions thereof be incorporated with our delineation of it.
+
+Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles)
+deciphering these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed
+_cursiv-schrift_; collating them with the almost equally unimaginable
+Volume, which stands in legible print. Over such a universal medley of
+high and low, of hot, cold, moist and dry, is he here struggling (by
+union of like with like, which is Method) to build a firm Bridge for
+British travellers. Never perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin
+and Death, built that stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did
+any Pontifex, or Pontiff, undertake such a task as the present Editor.
+For in this Arch too, leading, as we humbly presume, far otherwards
+than that grand primeval one, the materials are to be fished up from the
+weltering deep, and down from the simmering air, here one mass, there
+another, and cunningly cemented, while the elements boil beneath: nor is
+there any supernatural force to do it with; but simply the Diligence
+and feeble thinking Faculty of an English Editor, endeavoring to evolve
+printed Creation out of a German printed and written Chaos, wherein, as
+he shoots to and fro in it, gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to
+the far-distant Wherefore, his whole Faculty and Self are like to be
+swallowed up.
+
+Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little
+but an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for. What is the use of
+health, or of life, if not to do some work therewith? And what work
+nobler than transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic
+soil; except indeed planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are
+privileged to do? Wild as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we
+ever reach its real meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the
+first dim rudiments and already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in
+Universal History. Is not such a prize worth some striving? Forward with
+us, courageous reader; be it towards failure, or towards success! The
+latter thou sharest with us; the former also is not all our own.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK II.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I. GENESIS.
+
+In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether
+from birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight
+is to be gained. Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning
+remains always the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great
+man, we rest not till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole
+circumstances of his first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of
+Public Entry he made, are with utmost completeness rendered manifest.
+To the Genesis of our Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter
+consecrated. Unhappily, indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure
+extraction; uncertain, we might almost say, whether of any: so that this
+Genesis of his can properly be nothing but an Exodus (or transit out
+of Invisibility into Visibility); whereof the preliminary portion is
+nowhere forthcoming.
+
+"In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag _Libra_,
+on various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas
+Futteral and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful
+though now verging towards old age. Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant,
+and even regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but
+now, quitting the halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook,
+cultivated a little Orchard, on the produce of which he,
+Cincinnatus-like, lived not without dignity. Fruits, the peach, the
+apple, the grape, with other varieties came in their season; all which
+Andreas knew how to sell: on evenings he smoked largely, or read (as
+beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and talked to neighbors that would
+listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and how Fritz the Only (_der
+Einzige_) had once with his own royal lips spoken to him, had been
+pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel demanded the pass-word,
+'_Schweig Hund_ (Peace, hound)!' before any of his staff-adjutants could
+answer. '_Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig_, There is what I call a King,'
+would Andreas exclaim: 'but the smoke of Kunersdorf was still smarting
+his eyes.'
+
+"Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than
+the looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (_wer
+kann die Weiberchen dressiren_):' nevertheless she at heart loved him
+both for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and
+Regiment's Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid: what you
+see, yet cannot see over, is as good as infinite. Nay, was not Andreas
+in very deed a man of order, courage, downrightness (_Geradheit_); that
+understood Busching's _Geography_, had been in the victory of Rossbach,
+and left for dead in the camisade of Hochkirch? The good Gretchen, for
+all her fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as only a true
+house-mother can: assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured for him;
+so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but the
+whole habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung,
+looked ever trim and gay: a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in
+fruit-trees and forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising
+many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in
+through the very windows; under its long projecting eaves nothing but
+garden-tools in methodic piles (to screen them from rain), and seats
+where, especially on summer nights, a King might have wished to sit and
+smoke, and call it his. Such a Bauergut (Copyhold) had Gretchen given
+her veteran; whose sinewy arms, and long-disused gardening talent, had
+made it what you saw.
+
+"Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when
+the Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless
+journey visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (_Libra_),
+it was that a Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave
+salutation, stood before the two rather astonished housemates. He was
+close-muffled in a wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding,
+he deposited therefrom what seemed some Basket, overhung with
+green Persian silk; saying only: _Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein
+unschatzbares Verleihen; nehmt es in aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt
+es: mit hohem Lohn, oder wohl mit schweren Zinsen, wird's einst
+zuruckgefordert_. 'Good Christian people, here lies for you an
+invaluable Loan; take all heed thereof, in all carefulness employ it:
+with high recompense, or else with heavy penalty, will it one day be
+required back.' Uttering which singular words, in a clear, bell-like,
+forever memorable tone, the Stranger gracefully withdrew; and before
+Andreas or his wife, gazing in expectant wonder, had time to fashion
+either question or answer, was clean gone. Neither out of doors could
+aught of him be seen or heard; he had vanished in the thickets, in the
+dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly closed: the Stranger was gone once
+and always. So sudden had the whole transaction been, in the autumn
+stillness and twilight, so gentle, noiseless, that the Futterals could
+have fancied it all a trick of Imagination, or some visit from an
+authentic Spirit. Only that the green-silk Basket, such as neither
+Imagination nor authentic Spirits are wont to carry, still stood visible
+and tangible on their little parlor-table. Towards this the astonished
+couple, now with lit candle, hastily turned their attention. Lifting
+the green veil, to see what invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid
+down and rich white wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but,
+in the softest sleep, a little red-colored Infant! Beside it, lay a roll
+of gold Friedrichs, the exact amount of which was never publicly known;
+also a _Taufschein_ (baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately
+nothing but the Name was decipherable, other document or indication none
+whatever.
+
+"To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire
+of any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had
+passed through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with
+this Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise. Meanwhile, for
+Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was: What to do
+with this little sleeping red-colored Infant? Amid amazements and
+curiosities, which had to die away without external satisfying, they
+resolved, as in such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must,
+on nursing it, though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible
+into manhood. The Heavens smiled on their endeavor: thus has that
+same mysterious Individual ever since had a status for himself in this
+visible Universe, some modicum of victual and lodging and parade-ground;
+and now expanded in bulk, faculty and knowledge of good and evil, he, as
+HERR DIOGENES TEUFELSDROCKH, professes or is ready to profess, perhaps
+not altogether without effect, in the new University of Weissnichtwo,
+the new Science of Things in General."
+
+Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral,
+In his twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite
+indelible impression. Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that
+glided into the Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as
+on spirit's wings, glided out again, might be? An inexpressible desire,
+full of love and of sadness, has often since struggled within me to
+shape an answer. Ever, in my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy
+turned, full of longing (_sehnsuchtsvoll_), to that unknown Father,
+who perhaps far from me, perhaps near, either way invisible, might have
+taken me to his paternal bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe.
+Thou beloved Father, dost thou still, shut out from me only by thin
+penetrable curtains of earthly Space, wend to and fro among the crowd
+of the living? Or art thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the
+Everlasting Night, or rather of the Everlasting Day, through which my
+mortal eye and outstretched arms need not strive to reach? Alas, I know
+not, and in vain vex myself to know. More than once, heart-deluded,
+have I taken for thee this and the other noble-looking Stranger; and
+approached him wistfully, with infinite regard; but he too had to repel
+me, he too was not thou.
+
+"And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of
+his sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar? Hadst thou, any more
+than I, a Father whom thou knowest? The Andreas and Gretchen, or the
+Adam and Eve, who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed
+thee there, whom thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine,
+but thy nursing-father and nursing-mother: thy true Beginning and Father
+is in Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only
+with the spiritual....
+
+"The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+Diogenes Teufelsdrockh. From the veil can nothing be inferred: a piece
+of now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others. On the Name I
+have many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay
+there any clew. That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to
+believe. To no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's
+Books, in and without the German Empire, and through all manner
+of Subscriber-Lists (_Pranumeranten_), Militia-Rolls, and other
+Name-catalogues; extraordinary names as we have in Germany, the name
+Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to my own person, nowhere occurs.
+Again, what may the unchristian rather than Christian 'Diogenes' mean?
+Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such designation, to shadow
+forth my future destiny, or his own present malign humor? Perhaps the
+latter, perhaps both. Thou ill-starred Parent, who like an Ostrich hadst
+to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into self-support by
+the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have been a smooth
+one? Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed by the
+worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct. Often have I fancied how,
+in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit
+(_Zeitgeist_) in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee
+was seered into grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave
+in me an indignant appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest
+against the Devil, as that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time
+itself, is well named! Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add,
+was not perhaps quite lost in air.
+
+"For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously
+(for there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the
+very skin. And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send
+inwards, even to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times,
+when the whole soul is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain
+will grow to be an all overshadowing tree! Names? Could I unfold the
+influence of Names, which are the most important of all Clothings, I
+were a second greater Trismegistus. Not only all common Speech, but
+Science, Poetry itself is no other, if thou consider it, than a right
+_Naming_. Adam's first task was giving names to natural Appearances:
+what is ours still but a continuation of the same; be the Appearances
+exotic-vegetable, organic, mechanic, stars, or starry movements (as
+in Science); or (as in Poetry) passions, virtues, calamities,
+God-attributes, Gods?--In a very plain sense the Proverb says, _Call
+one a thief, and he will steal_; in an almost similar sense may we not
+perhaps say, _Call one Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the
+Philosophy of Clothes_?"
+
+
+"Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word,
+by all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a
+whole infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring
+daily to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe
+where he had arrived, be his task therein what it might. Infinite was
+his progress; thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle
+of--Speech! To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh
+(celestial) Egg; wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by
+degrees organic elements and fibres shoot through the watery albumen;
+and out of vague Sensation grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and
+we have Philosophies, Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+
+"Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive
+had they in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high
+consummations, by quick yet easy stages. The Futterals, to avoid vain
+talk, and moreover keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that
+he was a grandnephew; the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly
+deceased, in Andreas's distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of
+her indigent sorrowing widower, little enough was known at Entepfuhl.
+Heedless of all which, the Nursling took to his spoon-meat, and throve.
+I have heard him noted as a still infant, that kept his mind much to
+himself; above all, that seldom or never cried. He already felt
+that time was precious; that he had other work cut out for him than
+whimpering."
+
+
+Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these
+miscellaneous Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr
+Teufelsdrockh's genealogy. More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem
+to few readers than to us. The Professor, in whom truly we more and more
+discern a certain satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish
+whim, for the present stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him:
+but seems it not conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral,"
+or some other perhaps interested party, he has himself been deceived?
+Should these sheets, translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl
+Circulating Library, some cultivated native of that district might feel
+called to afford explanation. Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts,
+permeate the whole habitable globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe
+from British Literature, may not some Copy find out even the mysterious
+basket-bearing Stranger, who in a state of extreme senility perhaps
+still exists; and gently force even him to disclose himself; to claim
+openly a son, in whom any father may feel pride?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC.
+
+"HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh: "Kind Nature, that
+art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing
+of Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round
+(_umgaukelt_) by sweetest Dreams! If the paternal Cottage still shuts us
+in, its roof still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet,
+priest and king, and an Obedience that makes us free. The young spirit
+has awakened out of Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet
+Time is no fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to
+the child are as ages: ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or
+quicker decay and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric,
+from the granite mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in
+a motionless Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling
+Universe is forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair
+Child, for thy long rough journey is at hand! A little while, and thou
+too shalt sleep no more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles;
+thou too, with old Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience: 'Rest?
+Rest? Shall I not have all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe!
+though a Pyrrhus conquer empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he
+finds thee not; and thou hast once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on
+the eyelids, on the heart of every mother's child. For as yet, sleep
+and waking are one: the fair Life-garden rustles infinite around, and
+everywhere is dewy fragrance, and the budding of Hope; which budding, if
+in youth, too frost-nipt, it grow to flowers, will in manhood yield no
+fruit, but a prickly, bitter-rinded stone-fruit, of which the fewest can
+find the kernel."
+
+In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look
+back on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing
+of much other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an
+almost wearisome minuteness. We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black
+Sea, into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all
+other rows and clumps, towered up from the central _Agora_ and _Campus
+Martius_ of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat
+talking under its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the
+wearied laborers reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the
+young men and maidens often danced to flute-music. "Glorious summer
+twilights," cries Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror
+and Imperial Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple
+emblazonry, and all his fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and
+the tired brickmakers of this clay Earth might steal a little frolic,
+and those few meek Stars would not tell of them!"
+
+Then we have long details of the _Weinlesen_ (Vintage), the
+Harvest-Home, Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the
+Entepfuhl Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial
+shades from those of other countries. Concerning all which, we shall
+here, for obvious reasons, say nothing. What cares the world for our as
+yet miniature Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "?
+Or even where is the use of such practical reflections as the following?
+"In all the sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages
+and defacements, you shall discern a creative instinct (_schaffenden
+Trieb_): the Mankin feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is
+to work. The choicest present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or
+pen-gun, for construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work,
+for Change. In gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains
+himself to Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed:
+the little Maid again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with
+preference to Dolls."
+
+Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+relates it: "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather,
+I should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and
+indivisible, reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs:
+of which fashion how little could I then divine the architectural, how
+much less the moral significance!"
+
+More graceful is the following little picture: "On fine evenings I was
+wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+out-of-doors. On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach
+by climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed: there, many a sunset, have I,
+looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish,
+my evening meal. Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless
+I was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+gilding."
+
+With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not
+much intermeddle. It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper
+sympathy with animated Nature:" but when, we would ask, saw any man,
+in a collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this:
+"Impressive enough (_bedeutungsvoll_) was it to hear, in early morning,
+the Swineherd's horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds
+were, on all sides, starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on
+the Heath. Or to see them at eventide, all marching in again, with short
+squeak, almost in military order; and each, topographically correct,
+trotting off in succession to the right or left, through its own lane,
+to its own dwelling; till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone,
+blew his last blast, and retired for the night. We are wont to love the
+Hog chiefly in the form of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned
+beings here manifest intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any
+rate, a touching, trustful submissiveness to Man,--who, were he but a
+Swineherd, in darned gabardine, and leather breeches more resembling
+slate or discolored-tin breeches, is still the Hierarch of this lower
+world?"
+
+It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius
+is quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+dunces. Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver: the inner man of
+the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has
+exuded and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at
+the bottom of his stomach. "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh,
+"I should as soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by
+favorable or unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into
+a cabbage, or the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+
+"Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence
+of early culture and nurture: hereby we have either a doddered dwarf
+bush, or a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow
+cabbage, or an edible luxuriant green one. Of a truth, it is the duty of
+all men, especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+hindered, what in any way modified it: to which duty, nowadays so
+pressing for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address
+myself."--Thou rogue! Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and
+swineherd horns, that an infant of genius is educated? And yet, as
+usual, it ever remains doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at
+these Autobiographical times of ours, or writing from the abundance of
+his own fond ineptitude. For he continues: "If among the ever-streaming
+currents of Sights, Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as
+in a Magic Hall, young Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to
+select and specify, perhaps these following were also of the number:
+
+"Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the
+young creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency
+given him by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect,
+could not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.' Eagerly I
+hung upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from
+these perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a
+dim world of Adventure expanded itself within me. Incalculable also
+was the knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the
+Linden-tree: the whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these
+reverend seniors, talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys
+thereof for nigh fourscore years? With amazement I began to discover
+that Entepfuhl stood in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there
+was such a thing as History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by
+hand and tongue, might contribute.
+
+"In a like sense worked the _Postwagen_ (Stage-coach), which,
+slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our
+Village: northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly
+at eventide. Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen
+could be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere
+Law of Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways,
+from far cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous
+shuttle into closer and closer union. It was then that, independently
+of Schiller's _Wilhelm Tell_, I made this not quite insignificant
+reflection (so true also in spiritual things): _Any road, this simple
+Entepfuhl road, will lead you to the end of the World_!
+
+"Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of
+May, snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby? The hospitable Father (for
+cleanliness' sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest:
+there they built, and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I
+chiefly, from the heart loved them. Bright, nimble creatures, who
+taught you the mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic
+incorporation, almost social police? For if, by ill chance, and when
+time pressed, your House fell, have I not seen five neighborly
+Helpers appear next day; and swashing to and fro, with animated, loud,
+long-drawn chirpings, and activity almost super-hirundine, complete it
+again before nightfall?
+
+"But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture,
+where as in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and
+simultaneously poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair. Here,
+assembling from all the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable
+hurry-burly. Nut-brown maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed,
+loud-laughing, bedizened and beribanded; who came for dancing, for
+treating, and if possible, for happiness. Topbooted Graziers from the
+North; Swiss Brokers, Italian Drovers, also topbooted, from the South;
+these with their subalterns in leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and
+long ox-goads; shouting in half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate
+barking and bellowing. Apart stood Potters from far Saxony, with their
+crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed
+richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen from the Lago Maggiore; detachments
+of the _Wiener Schub_ (Offscourings of Vienna) vociferously
+superintending games of chance. Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers
+grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (_heuriger_) flowed like water, still
+worse confounding the confusion; and high over all, vaulted, in
+ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew, like the genius
+of the place and of Life itself.
+
+"Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes
+of contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,--did the Child
+sit and learn. These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime
+he was to syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World: what
+matters it whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small
+ungilt ones, so you have an eye to read it? For Gneschen, eager to
+learn, the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded
+all: his existence was a bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as
+in Prospero's Island, wonder after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach
+by charming.
+
+"Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my
+felicity was perfect. I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into
+the Earth. Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even
+in childhood a dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and
+often quite overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader
+and broader; till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy,
+and threatened to engulf me in final night. It was the ring of Necessity
+whereby we are all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun
+brightens it into a ring of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful
+prismatic diffractions; yet ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole
+being, it is there.
+
+"For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly
+to look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that. If good
+Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most.
+In all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished?
+On the other side, however, things went not so well. My Active Power
+(_Thatkraft_) was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many
+traces yet abide with me! In an orderly house, where the litter of
+children's sports is hateful enough, your training is too stoical;
+rather to bear and forbear than to make and do. I was forbid much:
+wishes in any measure bold I had to renounce; everywhere a strait bond
+of Obedience inflexibly held me down. Thus already Freewill often came
+in painful collision with Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at
+seasons the Child itself might taste that root of bitterness, wherewith
+the whole fruitage of our life is mingled and tempered.
+
+"In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer
+to err by excess than by defect. Obedience is our universal duty and
+destiny; wherein whoso will not bend must break: too early and too
+thoroughly we cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of
+ours, is as mere zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of
+fractions even to Shall. Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly
+Discretion, nay of Morality itself. Let me not quarrel with my
+upbringing. It was rigorous, too frugal, compressively secluded, every
+way unscientific: yet in that very strictness and domestic solitude
+might there not lie the root of deeper earnestness, of the stem from
+which all noble fruit must grow? Above all, how unskilful soever, it was
+loving, it was well-meant, honest; whereby every deficiency was helped.
+My kind Mother, for as such I must ever love the good Gretchen, did me
+one altogether invaluable service: she taught me, less indeed by word
+than by act and daily reverent look and habitude, her own simple version
+of the Christian Faith. Andreas too attended Church; yet more like
+a parade-duty, for which he in the other world expected pay with
+arrears,--as, I trust, he has received; but my Mother, with a true
+woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense, was in the strictest
+acceptation Religious. How indestructibly the Good grows, and propagates
+itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil! The highest whom
+I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe unspeakable, before a
+Higher in Heaven: such things, especially in infancy, reach inwards to
+the very core of your being; mysteriously does a Holy of Holies build
+itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and Reverence, the
+divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean envelopment of
+Fear. Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew, were it never so
+rudely, there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's son that only
+knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the family-coach?"
+
+To which last question we must answer: Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+spiritual pride!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY.
+
+Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed,
+and much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his
+soft hazel eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still
+intelligence) called upon for little voluntary movement there. Hitherto,
+accordingly, his aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient
+Philosopher and Poet in the abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr
+Heuschrecke himself to say wherein the special Doctrine of Clothes is
+as yet foreshadowed or betokened. For with Gneschen, as with others, the
+Man may indeed stand pictured in the Boy (at least all the pigments are
+there); yet only some half of the Man stands in the Child, or young Boy,
+namely, his Passive endowment, not his Active. The more impatient are we
+to discover what figure he cuts in this latter capacity; how, when, to
+use his own words, "he understands the tools a little, and can handle
+this or that," he will proceed to handle it.
+
+Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our
+Philosopher's history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:
+nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity"
+of his, which, with no free development of the antagonist Activity,
+distinguished his childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that,
+in after days, and still in these present days, astonishes the world.
+For the shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without
+Activity of any kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man
+with Activity almost superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden,
+enigmatic, that no mortal can foresee its explosions, or even when
+it has exploded, so much as ascertain its significance. A dangerous,
+difficult temper for the modern European; above all, disadvantageous in
+the hero of a Biography! Now as heretofore it will behoove the Editor of
+these pages, were it never so unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+
+Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man
+of letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books. On this portion of his
+History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent. Reading he
+"cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature.
+He says generally: "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken. I learned
+what others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head,
+seeing as yet no manner of use in it. My Schoolmaster, a down-bent,
+broken-hearted, underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did
+little for me, except discover that he could do little: he, good soul,
+pronounced me a genius, fit for the learned professions; and that I must
+be sent to the Gymnasium, and one day to the University. Meanwhile,
+what printed thing soever I could meet with I read. My very copper
+pocket-money I laid out on stall-literature; which, as it accumulated,
+I with my own hands sewed into volumes. By this means was the young
+head furnished with a considerable miscellany of things and shadows
+of things: History in authentic fragments lay mingled with Fabulous
+chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the whole not as dead stuff, but
+as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic."
+
+That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know. Indeed,
+already in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there
+may have been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms
+of a spirit singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical. Thus, to say
+nothing of his Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that
+earlier period, have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their
+twelfth year, on such reflections as the following? "It struck me much,
+as I sat by the Kuhbach, one silent noontide, and watched it flowing,
+gurgling, to think how this same streamlet had flowed and gurgled,
+through all changes of weather and of fortune, from beyond the earliest
+date of History. Yes, probably on the morning when Joshua forded Jordan;
+even as at the mid-day when Caesar, doubtless with difficulty, swam the
+Nile, yet kept his _Commentaries_ dry,--this little Kuhbach, assiduous
+as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was murmuring on across the wilderness, as
+yet unnamed, unseen: here, too, as in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is
+a vein or veinlet of the grand World-circulation of Waters, which, with
+its atmospheric arteries, has lasted and lasts simply with the World.
+Thou fool! Nature alone is antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that
+idle crag thou sittest on is six thousand years of age." In which little
+thought, as in a little fountain, may there not lie the beginning of
+those well-nigh unutterable meditations on the grandeur and mystery
+of TIME, and its relation to ETERNITY, which play such a part in this
+Philosophy of Clothes?
+
+Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers
+so lyrical and joyful as over his childhood. Green sunny tracts there
+are still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+stagnating into sour marshes of discontent. "With my first view of the
+Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began. Well do I still
+remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope
+by the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place,
+and saw its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and _Schuldthurm_
+(Jail), and the aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast:
+a little dog, in mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps
+had tied a tin kettle to its tail; thus did the agonized creature,
+loud-jingling, career through the whole length of the Borough, and
+become notable enough. Fit emblem of many a Conquering Hero, to
+whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense, as it often elsewhere does) has
+malignantly appended a tin kettle of Ambition, to chase him on; which
+the faster he runs, urges him the faster, the more loudly and more
+foolishly! Fit emblem also of much that awaited myself, in that
+mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion and epitome!
+
+"Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance: I
+was among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards
+me; the young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone."
+His school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him: "They were Boys," he
+says, "mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which
+bids the deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to
+death any broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong
+tyrannize over the weak." He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual
+degree morally courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain
+have avoided it; a result, as would appear, owing less to his small
+personal stature (for in passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"),
+than to his "virtuous principles:" "if it was disgraceful to be beaten,"
+says he, "it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as
+fought; thus was I drawn two ways at once, and in this important element
+of school-history, the war-element, had little but sorrow." On the
+whole, that same excellent "Passivity," so notable in Teufelsdrockh's
+childhood, is here visibly enough again getting nourishment. "He wept
+often; indeed to such a degree that he was nicknamed _Der Weinende_ (the
+Tearful), which epithet, till towards his thirteenth year, was indeed
+not quite unmerited. Only at rare intervals did the young soul burst
+forth into fire-eyed rage, and, with a stormfulness (_Ungestum_) under
+which the boldest quailed, assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at
+least of Mankin." In all which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree
+and cinnamon-tree (of genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and
+ignoble shrubs; and forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only,
+and not outwards; into a _height_ quite sickly, and disproportioned to
+its _breadth_?
+
+We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So
+that, except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went
+about, as was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there
+learning many things;" and farther lighted on some small store
+of curious reading, in Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he
+lodged,--his time, it would appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the
+Professor has not yet learned to look upon with any contentment. Indeed,
+throughout the whole of this Bag _Scorpio_, where we now are, and often
+in the following Bag, he shows himself unusually animated on the matter
+of Education, and not without some touch of what we might presume to be
+anger.
+
+"My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it
+fostering the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical
+Gerund-grinder, the like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be
+manufactured at Nurnberg out of wood and leather, foster the growth
+of anything; much more of Mind, which grows, not like a vegetable (by
+having its roots littered with etymological compost), but like a spirit,
+by mysterious contact of Spirit; Thought kindling itself at the fire of
+living Thought? How shall _he_ give kindling, in whose own inward
+man there is no live coal, but all is burnt out to a dead grammatical
+cinder? The Hinterschlag Professors knew syntax enough; and of the human
+soul thus much: that it had a faculty called Memory, and could be acted
+on through the muscular integument by appliance of birch-rods.
+
+"Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+all hands fitly encouraged: till communities and individuals discover,
+not without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by
+Knowledge can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by
+Gunpowder; that with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there
+should be world-honored Dignitaries, and were it possible, true
+God-ordained Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the Soldier wears
+openly, and even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have
+travelled, did the Schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool: nay,
+were he to walk abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom
+expected honor, would there not, among the idler class, perhaps a
+certain levity be excited?"
+
+In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+melancholy. "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable
+silent nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word,
+NEVER! now first showed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got
+vent; but in my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in
+silent desolation. Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is
+so healthful that it even finds nourishment in Death: these stern
+experiences, planted down by Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a
+whole cypress-forest, sad but beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious
+sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the hottest sunshine, through long years
+of youth:--as in manhood also it does, and will do; for I have now
+pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree; the Tomb is now my inexpugnable
+Fortress, ever close by the gate of which I look upon the hostile
+armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous Life placidly enough,
+and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still smile. O ye loved
+ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest, whom in life I
+could only weep for and never help; and ye, who wide-scattered still
+toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the flinty ground with
+your blood,--yet a little while, and we shall all meet THERE, and
+our Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's harness, and
+Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol and inhabit
+ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+
+Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of
+the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in
+life (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the
+genealogy of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the
+Fowler: the whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It
+only concerns us to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen
+revealed to her foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or
+indeed of any kindred, having come into historical existence in the way
+already known to us. "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not
+only of Possession, but even of Remembrance. Sorrow and Wonder,
+here suddenly united, could not but produce abundant fruit. Such a
+disclosure, in such a season, struck its roots through my whole
+nature: ever till the years of mature manhood, it mingled with my whole
+thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my day-dreams and night-dreams
+grew. A certain poetic elevation, yet also a corresponding civic
+depression, it naturally imparted: _I was like no other_; in which
+fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener to frightfullest
+results, may there not lie the first spring of tendencies, which in
+my Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth, so in action,
+speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not numerous."
+
+
+In the Bag _Sagittarius_, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will
+nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the
+way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our
+readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in
+a Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found,
+and must always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In _Sagittarius_,
+however, Teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than
+usually Sibylline: fragments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir,
+College-Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn
+Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together
+as if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To
+combine any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much
+more, to decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the
+Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.
+
+So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at
+length perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the
+living Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities. From such
+Fountain he draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his
+whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements,
+entanglements, aberrations are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps
+are even pecuniary distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in
+spite of advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him
+hither, must after a time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand."
+Nevertheless in an atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humor
+of that young Soul, what character is in him, first decisively reveals
+itself; and, like strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of
+colors, some of which are prismatic. Thus, with the aid of Time and of
+what Time brings, has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdrockh waxed into
+manly stature; and into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new
+eagerness, How he specially came by it, and regret anew that there is
+no more explicit answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially
+significant fragments, which are few in number, shall be extracted from
+that Limbo of a Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.
+
+As if, in the Bag _Scorpio_, Teufelsdrockh had not already expectorated
+his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name _Sagittarius_, he had
+thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in with
+such matter as this: "The University where I was educated still stands
+vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which name,
+however, I, from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall in
+nowise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England and
+Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Universities.
+This is indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly as may be,
+impossible: however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit: nay,
+I can conceive a worse system than that of the Nameless itself; as
+poisoned victual may be worse than absolute hunger.
+
+"It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+ditch: wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer,
+if both leader and led simply--sit still? Had you, anywhere in Crim
+Tartary, walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small,
+ill-chosen Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred
+Christian striplings, to tumble about as they listed, from three to
+seven years: certain persons, under the title of Professors, being
+stationed at the gates, to declare aloud that it was a University, and
+exact considerable admission-fees,--you had, not indeed in mechanical
+structure, yet in spirit and result, some imperfect resemblance of our
+High Seminary. I say, imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was
+quite other, so neither was our result altogether the same: unhappily,
+we were not in Crim Tartary, but in a corrupt European city, full of
+smoke and sin; moreover, in the middle of a Public, which, without far
+costlier apparatus than that of the Square Enclosure, and Declaration
+aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+
+"Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled,
+with the most surprising profit. Towards anything like a _Statistics
+of Imposture_, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange
+indifference, our Economists, nigh buried under Tables for
+minor Branches of Industry, have altogether overlooked the grand
+all-overtopping Hypocrisy Branch; as if our whole arts of Puffery, of
+Quackery, Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the innumerable other crafts and
+mysteries of that genus, had not ranked in Productive Industry at all!
+Can any one, for example, so much as say, What moneys, in Literature and
+Shoeblacking, are realized by actual Instruction and actual jet Polish;
+what by fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such; specifying,
+in distinct items, the distributions, circulations, disbursements,
+incomings of said moneys, with the smallest approach to accuracy? But
+to ask, How far, in all the several infinitely complected departments
+of social business, in government, education, in manual, commercial,
+intellectual fabrication of every sort, man's Want is supplied by true
+Ware; how far by the mere Appearance of true Ware:--in other words, To
+what extent, by what methods, with what effects, in various times and
+countries, Deception takes the place of wages of Performance: here
+truly is an Inquiry big with results for the future time, but to which
+hitherto only the vaguest answer can be given. If for the present, in
+our Europe, we estimate the ratio of Ware to Appearance of Ware so high
+even as at One to a Hundred (which, considering the Wages of a Pope,
+Russian Autocrat, or English Game-Preserver, is probably not far from
+the mark),--what almost prodigious saving may there not be anticipated,
+as the _Statistics of Imposture_ advances, and so the manufacturing of
+Shams (that of Realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction
+therefrom) gradually declines, and at length becomes all but wholly
+unnecessary!
+
+"This for the coming golden ages. What I had to remark, for the present
+brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can
+as yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature,
+and man's Gullibility not his worst blessing. Suppose your sinews of
+war quite broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but
+exhausted; and that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut
+your and each other's throat,--then were it not well could you, as if
+by miracle, pay them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated
+water, or mere imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came
+up, they might be kept together and quiet? Such perhaps was the aim of
+Nature, who does nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite,
+Man, with this his so omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being
+Gulled.
+
+"How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+mechanism for itself! These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then
+too with no great effort, by quite another class of persons. Which
+Reputation, like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the
+general current, bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on
+their part, to hold long together, and of its own accord assiduously
+grind for them. Happy that it was so, for the Millers! They themselves
+needed not to work; their attempts at working, at what they called
+Educating, now when I look back on it, fill me with a certain mute
+admiration.
+
+"Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into
+a state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to
+end in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (_crepiren_)
+in finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.--But
+this too is portion of mankind's lot. If our era is the Era of Unbelief,
+why murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come? As in
+long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith
+alternate with the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer
+luxuriance of all Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations,
+be followed by, and again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter
+dissolution. For man lives in Time, has his whole earthly being,
+endeavor and destiny shaped for him by Time: only in the transitory
+Time-Symbol is the ever-motionless Eternity we stand on made manifest.
+And yet, in such winter-seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler-minded
+perhaps a comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and
+work; and for the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating animals,
+safe-lodged in some Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other
+superstitious or voluptuous Castle of Indolence, they can slumber
+through, in stupid dreams, and only awaken when the loud-roaring
+hailstorms have all alone their work, and to our prayers and martyrdoms
+the new Spring has been vouchsafed."
+
+That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful. "The
+hungry young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for
+food, were bidden eat the east-wind. What vain jargon of controversial
+Metaphysic, Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named
+Science, was current there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the
+most. Among eleven hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting
+some eleven eager to learn. By collision with such, a certain warmth, a
+certain polish was communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took
+less to rioting (_renommiren_), than to thinking and reading, which
+latter also I was free to do. Nay from the chaos of that Library, I
+succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps than had been known to the
+very keepers thereof. The foundation of a Literary Life was hereby laid:
+I learned, on my own strength, to read fluently in almost all cultivated
+languages, on almost all subjects and sciences; farther, as man is ever
+the prime object to man, already it was my favorite employment to read
+character in speculation, and from the Writing to construe the Writer.
+A certain groundplan of Human Nature and Life began to fashion itself in
+me; wondrous enough, now when I look back on it; for my whole Universe,
+physical and spiritual, was as yet a Machine! However, such a conscious,
+recognized groundplan, the truest I had, _was_ beginning to be there,
+and by additional experiments might be corrected and indefinitely
+extended."
+
+Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for
+himself the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help. Nevertheless
+a desert this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters.
+Teufelsdrockh gives us long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;"
+his Inquiries concerning Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith;
+and how "in the silent night-watches, still darker in his heart than
+over sky and earth, he has cast himself before the All-seeing, and with
+audible prayers cried vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death
+and the Grave. Not till after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did
+the believing heart surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the
+nightmare, Unbelief; and, in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair
+living world for a pallid, vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium. But
+through such Purgatory pain," continues he, "it is appointed us to
+pass; first must the dead Letter of Religion own itself dead, and drop
+piecemeal into dust, if the living Spirit of Religion, freed from this
+its charnel-house, is to arise on us, new-born of Heaven, and with new
+healing under its wings."
+
+To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season
+of youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here
+so poor in means,--do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed and
+overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling
+up among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor
+than of clear flame?
+
+From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to
+be inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had
+not altogether escaped notice: certain established men are aware of his
+existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their
+eyes on him. He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+himself to the Profession of Law;--whereof, indeed, the world has since
+seen him a public graduate. But omitting these broken, unsatisfactory
+thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the following small
+thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for himself weaving
+it in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture of these
+University years.
+
+"Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as
+it is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality
+(_von Adel_), from the interior parts of England. He stood connected, by
+blood and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of
+Germany; to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all
+friendliness, brought near. Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably
+ill-cultivated; with considerable humor of character: and, bating his
+total ignorance, for he knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar,
+showed less of that aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for
+most part belongs to Travellers of his nation. To him I owe my first
+practical knowledge of the English and their ways; perhaps also
+something of the partiality with which I have ever since regarded that
+singular people. Towgood was not without an eye, could he have come at
+any light. Invited doubtless by the presence of the Zahdarm Family,
+he had travelled hither, in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his
+studies; he, whose studies had as yet been those of infancy, hither to
+a University where so much as the notion of perfection, not to say the
+effort after it, no longer existed! Often we would condole over the hard
+destiny of the Young in this era: how, after all our toil, we were to be
+turned out into the world, with beards on our chins indeed, but with few
+other attributes of manhood; no existing thing that we were trained to
+Act on, nothing that we could so much as Believe. 'How has our head on
+the outside a polished Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the inside
+Vacancy, or a froth of Vocables and Attorney-Logic! At a small cost men
+are educated to make leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am
+I educated to make? By Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten
+and worn, as I came thus far, would endow a considerable Hospital of
+Incurables.'--'Man, indeed,' I would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty,
+which must be kept working, were it even partly by stealth. But as for
+our Miseducation, make not bad worse; waste not the time yet ours, in
+trampling on thistles because they have yielded us no figs. _Frisch
+zu, Bruder_! Here are Books, and we have brains to read them; here is
+a whole Earth and a whole Heaven, and we have eyes to look on them:
+_Frisch zu_!'
+
+"Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire.
+We looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at
+once harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered: motley, not
+unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. For
+myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours. Towards this young
+warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even
+near experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship. Yes, foolish
+Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+always. By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants.
+If man's _Soul_ is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+Philosophy, a kind of _Stomach_, what else is the true meaning of
+Spiritual Union but an Eating together? Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+
+So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+romance. What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+where. Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+man?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY.
+
+"Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as
+quitting College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes
+Teufelsdrockh: a visible Temporary Figure (_Zeitbild_), occupying some
+cubic feet of Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and
+spiritual; hopes, passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in
+more or less perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man. Capabilities
+there were in me to give battle, in some small degree, against the
+great Empire of Darkness: does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with
+his spade, extinguish many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a
+little Order, where he found the opposite? Nay your very Day-moth has
+capabilities in this kind; and ever organizes something (into its own
+Body, if no otherwise), which was before Inorganic; and of mute dead air
+makes living music, though only of the faintest, by humming.
+
+"How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned,
+or begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought! Thaumaturgic
+I name it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and
+henceforth innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days,
+witness some. Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it
+makes and unmakes whole worlds, I shall forbear mention: but cannot
+the dullest hear Steam-engines clanking around him? Has he not seen the
+Scottish Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling
+on fire-wings round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than
+any other Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching
+and carrying: at home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough
+overturning the whole old system of Society; and, for Feudalism and
+Preservation of the Game, preparing us, by indirect but sure methods,
+Industrialism and the Government of the Wisest? Truly a Thinking Man is
+the worst enemy the Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one
+announces himself, I doubt not, there runs a shudder through the
+Nether Empire; and new Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if
+possible, entrap him, and hoodwink and handcuff him.
+
+"With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe,
+been called. Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace
+and War against the Time-Prince (_Zeitfurst_), or Devil, and all his
+Dominions, your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is
+so difficult to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+
+By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"? "Not
+what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom. To each is
+given a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune;
+to each, by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of
+Capability. But the hardest problem were ever this first: To find by
+study of yourself, and of the ground you stand on, what your combined
+inward and outward Capability specially is. For, alas, our young soul is
+all budding with Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and
+true one. Always too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions;
+his course can be the _fac-simile_ of no prior one, but is by its
+nature original. And then how seldom will the outward Capability fit
+the inward: though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended,
+dyspeptical, bashful; nay what is worse than all, we are foolish. Thus,
+in a whole imbroglio of Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to
+grope which is ours, and often clutch the wrong one: in this mad work
+must several years of our small term be spent, till the purblind Youth,
+by practice, acquire notions of distance, and become a seeing Man. Nay,
+many so spend their whole term, and in ever-new expectation, ever-new
+disappointment, shift from enterprise to enterprise, and from side to
+side: till at length, as exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten,
+they shift into their last enterprise, that of getting buried.
+
+"Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general
+fate; were it not that one thing saves us: our Hunger. For on this
+ground, as the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt
+choice be made: hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and
+Apprenticeships for our irrational young; whereby, in due season, the
+vague universality of a Man shall find himself ready-moulded into a
+specific Craftsman; and so thenceforth work, with much or with little
+waste of Capability as it may be; yet not with the worst waste, that of
+time. Nay even in matters spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is
+born blind, and does not, like certain other creatures, receive sight
+in nine days, but far later, sometimes never,--is it not well that there
+should be what we call Professions, or Bread-studies (_Brodzwecke_),
+preappointed us? Here, circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial
+or total blindness is no evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly
+round and round, still fancying that it is forward and forward; and
+realize much: for himself victual; for the world an additional horse's
+power in the grand corn-mill or hemp-mill of Economic Society. For
+me too had such a leading-string been provided; only that it proved a
+neck-halter, and had nigh throttled me, till I broke it off. Then, in
+the words of Ancient Pistol, did the world generally become mine oyster,
+which I, by strength or cunning, was to open, as I would and could.
+Almost had I deceased (_fast war ich umgekommen_), so obstinately did it
+continue shut."
+
+We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was
+to befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as
+it painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+details, through this Bag _Pisces_, and those that follow. A young man
+of high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled
+colt, "breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar
+manger, into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced
+in. Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden
+pasture: either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or,
+in mad exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer
+stone-walls, which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame
+him; till at last, after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by
+miracle, clears his way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover,
+yet into a certain bosky wilderness where existence is still possible,
+and Freedom, though waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness.
+In a word, Teufelsdrockh having thrown up his legal Profession, finds
+himself without landmark of outward guidance; whereby his previous
+want of decided Belief, or inward guidance, is frightfully aggravated.
+Necessity urges him on; Time will not stop, neither can he, a Son
+of Time; wild passions without solacement, wild faculties without
+employment, ever vex and agitate him. He too must enact that stern
+Monodrama, _No Object and no Rest_; must front its successive destinies,
+work through to its catastrophe, and deduce therefrom what moral he can.
+
+Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat
+nowise easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off.
+If we look at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital,
+as he emerges from its Nameless University, we can discern well that
+it was far from enviable. His first Law-Examination he has come through
+triumphantly; and can even boast that the _Examen Rigorosum_ need
+not have frightened him: but though he is hereby "an _Auscultator_ of
+respectability," what avails it? There is next to no employment to
+be had. Neither, for a youth without connections, is the process of
+Expectation very hopeful in itself; nor for one of his disposition
+much cheered from without. "My fellow Auscultators," he says, "were
+Auscultators: they dressed, and digested, and talked articulate words;
+other vitality showed they almost none. Small speculation in those eyes,
+that they did glare withal! Sense neither for the high nor for the
+deep, nor for aught human or divine, save only for the faintest scent of
+coming Preferment." In which words, indicating a total estrangement on
+the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not also lurk traces of a bitterness
+as from wounded vanity? Doubtless these prosaic Auscultators may have
+sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and tried to hate, and what was
+much more impossible, to despise him. Friendly communion, in any case,
+there could not be: already has the young Teufelsdrockh left the other
+young geese; and swims apart, though as yet uncertain whether he himself
+is cygnet or gosling.
+
+Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+unpleasantly. "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of;
+but is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only
+the deeper-seated? So shy a man can never have been popular. We figure
+to ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with
+his independence, and so forth: do not his own words betoken as much?
+"Like a very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not
+also with Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been
+appointed to struggle." Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined
+to patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up
+as "a man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+protests. "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved
+on it! But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing
+for a gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust
+nothing but the common copper."
+
+How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward
+without return, is not too clear from these Documents. Good old Gretchen
+seems to have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other
+Horn of Plenty, or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that
+"the prompt nature of Hunger being well known," we are not without our
+anxiety. From private Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences,
+the aid derivable is small; neither, to use his own words, "does the
+young Adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift; but at
+best earns bread-and-water wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.
+Nevertheless," continues he, "that I subsisted is clear, for you find me
+even now alive." Which fact, however, except upon the principle of our
+true-hearted, kind old Proverb, that "there is always life for a living
+one," we must profess ourselves unable to explain.
+
+Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the
+mark of Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way. Here also
+occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps
+throw light on his condition. The first has now no date, or writer's
+name, but a huge Blot; and runs to this effect: "The (_Inkblot_), tied
+down by previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the
+Herr Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees
+himself under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what
+were otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a
+man of genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting." The other
+is on gilt paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now
+dead, yet which once lived and beneficently worked. We give it in
+the original: "_Herr Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf
+Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN THEE schonstens eingeladen_."
+
+Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+quite fluid _AEsthetic Tea_! How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual hand-grips
+with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these Musical and
+Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited to a feast
+of chickenweed, we can only conjecture. Perhaps in expressive silence,
+and abstinence: otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast at all,
+it cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens. For the rest,
+as this Frau Grafinn dates from the _Zahdarm House_, she can be no
+other than the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual
+tendencies, and good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of
+Herr Towgood, or on his own footing, are hereby manifest. That some
+sort of relation, indeed, continued, for a time, to connect our
+Autobiographer, though perhaps feebly enough, with this noble House, we
+have elsewhere express evidence. Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it
+was in vain; enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses
+of the great world, from which we at one time fancied him to have been
+always excluded. "The Zahdarms," says he, "lived in the soft, sumptuous
+garniture of Aristocracy; whereto Literature and Art, attracted and
+attached from without, were to serve as the handsomest fringing. It was
+to the _Gnadigen Frau_ (her Ladyship) that this latter improvement was
+due: assiduously she gathered, dexterously she fitted on, what fringing
+was to be had; lace or cobweb, as the place yielded." Was Teufelsdrockh
+also a fringe, of lace or cobweb; or promising to be such? "With his
+_Excellenz_ (the Count)," continues he, "I have more than once had the
+honor to converse; chiefly on general affairs, and the aspect of the
+world, which he, though now past middle life, viewed in no unfavorable
+light; finding indeed, except the Outrooting of Journalism (_die
+auszurottende Journalistik_), little to desiderate therein. On some
+points, as his _Excellenz_ was not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant
+to keep silence. Besides, his occupation being that of Owning Land,
+there might be faculties enough, which, as superfluous for such use,
+were little developed in him."
+
+That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless,
+and many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+improvements, we can readily conjecture. With nothing but a barren
+Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes
+from within, his position was no easy one. "The Universe," he says, "was
+as a mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede,
+or be devoured. In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in
+the blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought,
+unfolding itself. A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew
+not the solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only
+from discords set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as
+victory is only possible by battle."
+
+"I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by
+not unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human
+happiness, could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under
+barrels, or rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their
+lawful studies and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the
+age of twenty-five. With which suggestion, at least as considered in the
+light of a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (_Madchen_)
+are, to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+gentlemen (_Bubchen_) do then attain their maximum of detestability.
+Such gawks (_Gecken_) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with such
+a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward. No mortal's
+endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+infinitely better, were it worthy of him. Life everywhere is the most
+manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three: multiply
+your second and third term together, divide the product by the first,
+and your quotient will be the answer,--which you are but an ass if you
+cannot come at. The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that,
+do what one will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal
+repeater, and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+
+In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful,
+yet still afflictive derangement of head? Alas, on the former side
+alone, his case was hard enough. "It continues ever true," says
+he, "that Saturn, or Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his
+Children: only by incessant Running, by incessant Working, may you (for
+some threescore-and-ten years) escape him; and you too he devours at
+last. Can any Sovereign, or Holy Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time
+stand still; even in thought, shake themselves free of Time? Our whole
+terrestrial being is based on Time, and built of Time; it is wholly a
+Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author of it, the material of
+it. Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to work,--in the right
+direction. Are not our Bodies and our Souls in continual movement,
+whether we will or not; in a continual Waste, requiring a continual
+Repair? Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and inward Wants were
+but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we have done,
+is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do anew. O
+Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk us so
+deep in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments
+can so much as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us!
+Me, however, as a Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time
+threatening to eat quite prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was
+no good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet."
+That is to say, we presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world,
+that Teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to
+work,--in the right direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby
+he became wretched enough. As was natural: with haggard Scarcity
+threatening him in the distance; and so vehement a soul languishing
+in restless inaction, and forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by
+rust,
+
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+
+But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may
+we not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor
+and perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy
+itself? Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too
+defensive; not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack.
+"So far hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was
+notable, if for anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as
+my friends often rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor
+of my feelings. I, in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love
+and of fear. The mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that
+has a sense for the Godlike. Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed,
+and by half-strangers hated, for my so-called Hardness (_Harte_), my
+Indifferentism towards men; and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted,
+as my favorite dialect in conversation. Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was
+but as a buckram case, wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so
+my own poor Person might live safe there, and in all friendliness, being
+no longer exasperated by wounds. Sarcasm I now see to be, in general,
+the language of the Devil; for which reason I have long since as good
+as renounced it. But how many individuals did I, in those days, provoke
+into some degree of hostility thereby! An ironic man, with his sly
+stillness, and ambuscading ways, more especially an ironic young man,
+from whom it is least expected, may be viewed as a pest to society. Have
+we not seen persons of weight and name coming forward, with gentlest
+indifference, to tread such a one out of sight, as an insignificancy and
+worm, start ceiling-high (_balkenhock_), and thence fall shattered and
+supine, to be borne home on shutters, not without indignation, when he
+proved electric and a torpedo!"
+
+Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for
+himself in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too
+admits, is "to unite yourself with some one, and with somewhat (_sich
+anzuschliessen_)"? Division, not union, is written on most part of his
+procedure. Let us add too that, in no great length of time, the only
+important connection he had ever succeeded in forming, his connection
+with the Zahdarm Family, seems to have been paralyzed, for all practical
+uses, by the death of the "not uncholeric" old Count. This fact stands
+recorded, quite incidentally, in a certain _Discourse on Epitaphs_,
+huddled into the present Bag, among so much else; of which Essay the
+learning and curious penetration are more to be approved of than the
+spirit. His grand principle is, that lapidary inscriptions, of what sort
+soever, should be Historical rather than Lyrical. "By request of that
+worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I undertook to compose his
+Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules, produced the following;
+which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity, a defect never yet
+fully visible to myself, still remains unengraven;"--wherein, we may
+predict, there is more than the Latinity that will surprise an English
+reader:
+
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [_sub dato_]; POSTREMUM [_sub dato_].
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. ROMANCE.
+
+"For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this
+Egypt of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without
+stubble, before ever the question once struck him with entire force:
+For what?--_Beym Himmel_! For Food and Warmth! And are Food and Warmth
+nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?--Come of it what
+might, I resolved to try."
+
+Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though
+perhaps far from an improved one. Teufelsdrockh is now a man without
+Profession. Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers,
+where indeed his leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he
+desperately steers off, on a course of his own, by sextant and compass
+of his own. Unhappy Teufelsdrockh! Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic,
+nor Commodores pleased thee, still was it not _a Fleet_, sailing in
+prescribed track, for fixed objects; above all, in combination, wherein,
+by mutual guidance, by all manner of loans and borrowings, each could
+manifoldly aid the other? How wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for
+thyself find that shorter Northwest Passage to thy fair Spice-country
+of a Nowhere?--A solitary rover, on such a voyage, with such nautical
+tactics, will meet with adventures. Nay, as we forthwith discover, a
+certain Calypso-Island detains him at the very outset; and as it were
+falsifies and oversets his whole reckoning.
+
+"If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling,
+and everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young
+Man does this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the
+Young Maiden. Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it
+has been so appointed. On the whole, as I have often said, a
+Person (_Personlichkeit_) is ever holy to us; a certain orthodox
+Anthropomorphism connects my _Me_ with all _Thees_ in bonds of Love: but
+it is in this approximation of the Like and Unlike, that such heavenly
+attraction, as between Negative and Positive, first burns out into a
+flame. Is the pitifullest mortal Person, think you, indifferent to us?
+Is it not rather our heartfelt wish to be made one with him; to unite
+him to us, by gratitude, by admiration, even by fear; or failing all
+these, unite ourselves to him? But how much more, in this case of the
+Like-Unlike! Here is conceded us the higher mystic possibility of such
+a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the conducting medium of
+Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the universal Spiritual
+Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman, we first
+emphatically denominate LOVE.
+
+"In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already
+blooms a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor,
+in the stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a
+Tree of Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting.
+Perhaps too the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming
+Sword divide it from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the
+imaginative stripling, only the view, not the entrance. Happy season of
+virtuous youth, when shame is still an impassable celestial barrier; and
+the sacred air-cities of Hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets
+of Reality; and man, by his nature, is yet infinite and free!
+
+"As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+unspeakable. A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+women were holy, were heavenly. As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on
+the outskirts of _AEsthetic Tea_: all of air they were, all Soul and
+Form; so lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the
+invisible Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven. That
+he, our poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls
+(_Holden_)--_Ach Gott_! how could he hope it; should he not have died
+under it? There was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+
+"Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as
+the vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of
+true Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he
+went; and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet
+it was by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them. But
+now, if on a soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated
+into tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind
+eyes, saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle
+him,--good Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming
+fire were probably kindled!"
+
+Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+indeed how could it fail? A nature, which, in his own figurative style,
+we might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability;
+with so much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the
+whole lying in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace
+of Fantasy:" have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready,
+on occasion of the smallest spark, to blaze up? Neither, in this our
+Life-element, are sparks anywhere wanting. Without doubt, some Angel,
+whereof so many hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts
+of _AEsthetic Tea_," flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance,
+kindle no despicable firework. Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework,
+and flamed off rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor,
+each growing naturally from the other, through the several stages of a
+happy Youthful Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young
+soul relieved with little damage! Happy, if it did not rather prove a
+Conflagration and mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself;
+nay perhaps bursting the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best,
+bursting the thin walls of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage
+thenceforth all unchecked among the contiguous combustibles (which
+were Madness): till of the so fair and manifold internal world of our
+Diogenes, there remained Nothing, or only the "crater of an extinct
+volcano"!
+
+From multifarious Documents in this Bag _Capricornus_, and in the
+adjacent ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our
+philosopher, as stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and
+even frantically in Love: here therefore may our old doubts whether his
+heart were of stone or of flesh give way. He loved once; not wisely
+but too well. And once only: for as your Congreve needs a new case or
+wrappage for every new rocket, so each human heart can properly exhibit
+but one Love, if even one; the "First Love which is infinite" can be
+followed by no second like unto it. In more recent years, accordingly,
+the Editor of these Sheets was led to regard Teufelsdrockh as a man
+not only who would never wed, but who would never even flirt; whom the
+grand-climacteric itself, and _St. Martin's Summer_ of incipient Dotage,
+would crown with no new myrtle-garland. To the Professor, women are
+henceforth Pieces of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed, which celestial
+pieces he glories to survey in galleries, but has lost thought of
+purchasing.
+
+Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh
+in this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what
+specialties of successive configuration, splendor and color, his
+Firework blazes off. Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can
+meet with here. From amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy,
+with their mad Petrarchan and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among
+all sorts of quite extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name
+can be deciphered. For, without doubt, the title _Blumine_, whereby she
+is here designated, and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be
+fictitious. Was her real name Flora, then? But what was her surname,
+or had she none? Of what station in Life was she; of what parentage,
+fortune, aspect? Specially, by what Pre-established Harmony of
+occurrences did the Lover and the Loved meet one another in so wide a
+world; how did they behave in such meeting? To all which questions, not
+unessential in a Biographic work, mere Conjecture must for most part
+return answer. "It was appointed," says our Philosopher, "that the high
+celestial orbit of Blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our
+Forlorn; that he, looking in her empyrean eyes, should fancy the upper
+Sphere of Light was come down into this nether sphere of Shadows; and
+finding himself mistaken, make noise enough."
+
+We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some
+one's Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+relatives. But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle? Was it by the
+humid vehicle of _AEsthetic Tea_, or by the arid one of mere Business?
+Was it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who, as
+an ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation,
+especially for young cynical Nondescripts? To all appearance, it was
+chiefly by Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+
+"Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever
+saw thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in
+his pocket the last _Relatio ex Actis_ he would ever write, but must
+have paused to wonder! Noble Mansion! There stoodest thou, in deep
+Mountain Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude;
+stately, massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams,
+like a palace of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal. Beautiful rose
+up, in wavy curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest
+was their sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted
+by some spreading solitary Tree and its shadow. To the unconscious
+Wayfarer thou wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste;
+where, for joy and woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written. Well
+might he pause and gaze; in that glance of his were prophecy and
+nameless forebodings."
+
+But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed
+in his _Relatio ex Actis_; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and
+so, instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home,
+is ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames
+and cavaliers: if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and
+pure voices making the stillness live." Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+"Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors
+of thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain
+peaks: so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy
+creatures: it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT
+in the bosom-vesture of Summer herself. How came it that the Wanderer
+advanced thither with such forecasting heart (_ahndungsvoll_), by the
+side of his gay host? Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard
+bosom ought to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try
+him; to mock him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+
+"Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+name to--Blumine! Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced Blumine,
+there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights. Noblest maiden!
+whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at, for
+the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+
+"Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices: from all which vague
+colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+naphtha-fire. Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet
+so stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and
+sunlight played over earnest deeps: but all this he had seen only as a
+magic vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality. Her sphere
+was too far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how
+should they so much as once meet together? And now that Rose-goddess
+sits in the same circle with him; the light of _her_ eyes has smiled on
+him; if he speak, she will hear it! Nay, who knows, since the heavenly
+Sun looks into lowest valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime
+noted the so unnotable; perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had
+from hers, gathered wonder, gathered favor for him? Was the attraction,
+the agitation mutual, then; pole and pole trembling towards contact,
+when once brought into neighborhood? Say rather, heart swelling in
+presence of the Queen of Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once
+near its Moon! With the Wanderer it was even so: as in heavenward
+gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of a Seraph's wand, his whole soul
+is roused from its deepest recesses; and all that was painful and that
+was blissful there, dim images, vague feelings of a whole Past and a
+whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies within him.
+
+"Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk
+forcibly together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of
+what sort soever, in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming
+Stolidity. How was it, then, that here, when trembling to the core of
+his heart, he did not sink into swoons, but rose into strength, into
+fearlessness and clearness? It was his guiding Genius (_Damon_) that
+inspired him; he must go forth and meet his Destiny. Show thyself now,
+whispered it, or be forever hid. Thus sometimes it is even when your
+anxiety becomes transcendental, that the soul first feels herself able
+to transcend it; that she rises above it, in fiery victory; and borne on
+new-found wings of victory, moves so calmly, even because so rapidly,
+so irresistibly. Always must the Wanderer remember, with a certain
+satisfaction and surprise, how in this case he sat not silent but struck
+adroitly into the stream of conversation; which thenceforth, to speak
+with an apparent not a real vanity, he may say that he continued to
+lead. Surely, in those hours, a certain inspiration was imparted him,
+such inspiration as is still possible in our late era. The self-secluded
+unfolds himself in noble thoughts, in free, glowing words; his soul is
+as one sea of light, the peculiar home of Truth and Intellect; wherein
+also Fantasy bodies forth form after form, radiant with all prismatic
+hues."
+
+It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+"Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+pouring forth Philistinism (_Philistriositaten_.); little witting what
+hero was here entering to demolish him! We omit the series of Socratic,
+or rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby the
+monster, "persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn
+for the night. "Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the
+discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most: but what were all
+applauses to the glad smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh,
+wherewith Blumine herself repaid the victor? He ventured to address her
+she answered with attention: nay what if there were a slight tremor
+in that silver voice; what if the red glow of evening were hiding a
+transient blush!
+
+"The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+another: it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with
+full freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man. Gayly in light,
+graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for
+the burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which
+are indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the
+poor claims of _Me_ and _Thee_, no longer parted by rigid fences,
+now flowed softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious,
+many-tinted, like some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner
+of which were Love only. Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind
+environment of place and time. And yet as the light grew more aerial
+on the mountaintops, and the shadows fell longer over the valley, some
+faint tone of sadness may have breathed through the heart; and, in
+whispers more or less audible, reminded every one that as this bright
+day was drawing towards its close, so likewise must the Day of Man's
+Existence decline into dust and darkness; and with all its sick
+toilings, and joyful and mournful noises, sink in the still Eternity.
+
+"To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy: the
+words from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass;
+all better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us
+to be here. At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his: in the balmy
+twilight, with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting
+again, which was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small
+soft fingers, and it seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily
+withdrawn."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit: the
+Queen of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and
+there, by art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound
+and spell-bound thee. "Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he
+elsewhere; "yet has it many points in common therewith. I call it rather
+a discerning of the Infinite in the Finite, of the Idea made Real;
+which discerning again may be either true or false, either seraphic or
+demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity. But in the former case too, as in
+common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds itself to sight; on the so
+petty domain of the Actual plants its Archimedes-lever, whereby to
+move at will the infinite Spiritual. Fantasy I might call the true
+Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man: his sensuous life is but the small
+temporary stage (_Zeitbuhne_), whereon thick-streaming influences
+from both these far yet near regions meet visibly, and act tragedy and
+melodrama. Sense can support herself handsomely, in most countries, for
+some eighteenpence a day; but for Fantasy planets and solar-systems will
+not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus conquering the world, yet drinking no
+better red wine than he had before." Alas! witness also your Diogenes,
+flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven, and verging towards Insanity, for
+prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if the Earth held but one and not
+several of these!
+
+He says that, in Town, they met again: "day after day, like his heart's
+sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him. Ah! a little while ago, and he
+was yet in all darkness: him what Graceful (_Holde_) would ever love?
+Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe
+in himself. Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses;
+solitary from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself,
+with a sad indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of
+existence. And now, O now! 'She looks on thee,' cried he: 'she the
+fairest, noblest; do not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised?
+The Heaven's-Messenger! All Heaven's blessings be hers!' Thus did
+soft melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude;
+sweetest intimations that he also was a man, that for him also
+unutterable joys had been provided.
+
+"In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears,
+and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music: such was the
+element they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by
+this fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and
+the new Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him. Fairest Blumine! And, even
+as a Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate! Was
+there so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with? Was
+she not to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring
+with it airs from Heaven? As from AEolian Harps in the breath of
+dawn, as from the Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora,
+unearthly music was around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest.
+Pale Doubt fled away to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and
+hope. The past, then, was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden
+of Eden, then, and could not discern it! But lo now! the black walls
+of his prison melt away; the captive is alive, is free. If he loved his
+Disenchantress? _Ach Gott_! His whole heart and soul and life were hers,
+but never had he named it Love: existence was all a Feeling, not yet
+shaped into a Thought."
+
+Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can
+abide by Feeling alone. The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in
+her soft, fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest
+of Necessity, to cut asunder these so blissful bonds." He even appears
+surprised at the "Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose
+meagre hunger-bitten philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from
+the first, faintly approved of." We, even at such distance, can explain
+it without necromancy. Let the Philosopher answer this one question:
+What figure, at that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in
+polished society? Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig,
+or even a simple iron-spring one? Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator,"
+before whom lies no prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion
+of young hearts" keep the human kitchen warm? Pshaw! thy divine Blumine,
+when she "resigned herself to wed some richer," shows more philosophy,
+though but "a woman of genius," than thou, a pretended man.
+
+Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+royal splendor it waxes, and rises. Let no one ask us to unfold the
+glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+instantaneous dissolution. How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+delineation be organized? Besides, of what profit were it? We view, with
+a lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and
+shoot upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous
+star: but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural
+elasticity, or accident of fire, it has exploded? A hapless
+air-navigator, plunging, amid torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused
+wreck, fast enough into the jaws of the Devil! Suffice it to know
+that Teufelsdrockh rose into the highest regions of the Empyrean, by a
+natural parabolic track, and returned thence in a quick perpendicular
+one. For the rest, let any feeling reader, who has been unhappy enough
+to do the like, paint it out for himself: considering only that if he,
+for his perhaps comparatively insignificant mistress, underwent such
+agonies and frenzies, what must Teufelsdrockh's have been, with a
+fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine! We glance merely at the final
+scene:--
+
+"One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the
+fair creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping. Alas,
+no longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that
+the Doomsday had dawned! She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to
+meet no more." The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to
+himself in this dread hour: but what avails it? We omit the passionate
+expostulations, entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not
+even an explanation was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe.
+"'Farewell, then, Madam!' said he, not without sternness, for his stung
+pride helped him. She put her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears
+started to her eyes; in wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom;
+their lips were joined, their two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into
+one,--for the first time and for the last!" Thus was Teufelsdrockh made
+immortal by a kiss. And then? Why, then--"thick curtains of Night rushed
+over his soul, as rose the immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the
+ruins as of a shivered Universe was he falling, falling, towards the
+Abyss."
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+
+We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must
+often be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex,
+intricate a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and
+emitting, such as the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on
+no grand occasion and convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the
+woe-storm could you predict his demeanor.
+
+To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the
+so passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe"
+in this extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can
+next do: Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or
+blow out his brains. In the progress towards any of which consummations,
+do not such readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating,
+brow-beating (against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like,
+stampings, smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+
+Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him. He quietly lifts his
+_Pilgerstab_ (Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and
+begins a perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe!
+Curious it is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such
+intensity of feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of
+Exaggeration in speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his,
+that stoicism in external procedure. Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in
+this matter of the Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and
+Dissolution of Nature, in which light doubtless it partly appeared
+to himself, his own nature is nowise dissolved thereby; but rather
+is compressed closer. For once, as we might say, a Blumine by magic
+appliances has unlocked that shut heart of his, and its hidden things
+rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii enfranchised from their
+glass vial: but no sooner are your magic appliances withdrawn, than the
+strange casket of a heart springs to again; and perhaps there is now no
+key extant that will open it; for a Teufelsdrockh as we remarked,
+will not love a second time. Singular Diogenes! No sooner has that
+heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place, than he affects to regard
+it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing more to be said. "One
+highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an Angel, had recalled
+him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life: but a gleam of Tophet
+passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in whirlwinds, and
+heard the laughter of Demons. It was a Calenture," adds he, "whereby
+the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste Ocean-waters: a lying
+vision, yet not wholly a lie, for _he_ saw it." But what things soever
+passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what ragings and despairings
+soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he has the goodness to
+conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence. We know it well; the
+first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his dismembered
+philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek, silent, or
+spoke of the weather and the Journals: only by a transient knitting of
+those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing one knew
+not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,--might you have guessed
+what a Gehenna was within: that a whole Satanic School were spouting,
+though inaudibly, there. To consume your own choler, as some chimneys
+consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting, if it
+must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one of
+the commonest in these times.
+
+Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange
+measure he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof
+indeed the actual condition of these Documents in _Capricornus_ and
+_Aquarius is_ no bad emblem. His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome
+enough, are without assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest
+seems his sole guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of
+the Prophet had fallen on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel."
+Doubtless, too, the chaotic nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our
+obscurity. Quite without note of preparation, for example, we come upon
+the following slip: "A peculiar feeling it is that will rise in the
+Traveller, when turning some hill-range in his desert road, he descries
+lying far below, embosomed among its groves and green natural bulwarks,
+and all diminished to a toy-box, the fair Town, where so many souls, as
+it were seen and yet unseen, are driving their multifarious traffic. Its
+white steeple is then truly a starward-pointing finger; the canopy
+of blue smoke seems like a sort of Lifebreath: for always, of its own
+unity, the soul gives unity to whatsoever it looks on with love; thus
+does the little Dwelling-place of men, in itself a congeries of houses
+and huts, become for us an individual, almost a person. But what
+thousand other thoughts unite thereto, if the place has to ourselves
+been the arena of joyous or mournful experiences; if perhaps the cradle
+we were rocked in still stands there, if our Loving ones still dwell
+there, if our Buried ones there slumber!" Does Teufelsdrockh as the
+wounded eagle is said to make for its own eyrie, and indeed military
+deserters, and all hunted outcast creatures, turn as if by instinct in
+the direction of their birthland,--fly first, in this extremity, towards
+his native Entepfuhl; but reflecting that there no help awaits him, take
+only one wistful look from the distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+
+Little happier seems to be his next flight: into the wilds of Nature; as
+if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing. So at least we incline
+to interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:--
+
+"Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+combined majesty and grace as here. The rocks are of that sort called
+Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in
+masses of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however,
+is here tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of
+environment: in a climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff,
+itself covered with lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage
+or verdure; and white, bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round
+the everlasting granite. In fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with
+Grandeur: you ride through stony hollows, along strait passes, traversed
+by torrents, overhung by high walls of rock; now winding amid broken
+shaggy chasms, and huge fragments; now suddenly emerging into some
+emerald valley, where the streamlet collects itself into a Lake, and
+man has again found a fair dwelling, and it seems as if Peace had
+established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+
+"To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time
+not pretend: still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing. Reasonably might
+the Wanderer exclaim to himself: Are not the gates of this world's
+happiness inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not
+mad? Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original
+Greek if that suit thee better: 'Whoso can look on Death will start at
+no shadows.'
+
+"From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for
+now the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain
+mass, the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on
+horseback. Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening
+sunset light; and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments
+there. An upland irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex
+branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every
+quarter of the sky. The mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and
+folded together: only the loftier summits look down here and there as on
+a second plain; lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude. No
+trace of man now visible; unless indeed it were he who fashioned
+that little visible link of Highway, here, as would seem, scaling the
+inaccessible, to unite Province with Province. But sunwards, lo you! how
+it towers sheer up, a world of Mountains, the diadem and centre of the
+mountain region! A hundred and a hundred savage peaks, in the last light
+of Day; all glowing, of gold and amethyst, like giant spirits of the
+wilderness; there in their silence, in their solitude, even as on the
+night when Noah's Deluge first dried! Beautiful, nay solemn, was the
+sudden aspect to our Wanderer. He gazed over those stupendous masses
+with wonder, almost with longing desire; never till this hour had he
+known Nature, that she was One, that she was his Mother and divine. And
+as the ruddy glow was fading into clearness in the sky, and the Sun had
+now departed, a murmur of Eternity and Immensity, of Death and of Life,
+stole through his soul; and he felt as if Death and Life were one, as if
+the Earth were not dead, as if the Spirit of the Earth had its throne in
+that splendor, and his own spirit were therewith holding communion.
+
+"The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels. Emerging from the
+hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+Barouche-and-four: it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+favors: that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their
+marriage evening! Few moments brought them near: _Du Himmel_! It was
+Herr Towgood and--Blumine! With slight unrecognizing salutation they
+passed me; plunged down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to
+Heaven, and to England; and I, in my friend Richter's words, _I remained
+alone, behind them, with the Night_."
+
+Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to
+insert an observation, gleaned long ago from the great _Clothes-Volume_,
+where it stands with quite other intent: "Some time before Small-pox
+was extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of
+the spiritual sort on Europe: I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of
+View-hunting. Poets of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also
+enjoyed external Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which
+holds good or bad liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with
+slight incidental commentary: never, as I compute, till after the
+_Sorrows of Werter_, was there man found who would say: Come let us make
+a Description! Having drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass! Of
+which endemic the Jenner is unhappily still to seek." Too true!
+
+We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings,
+so far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear
+insight, here first take their permanent character, fatuous or not. That
+Basilisk-glance of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up
+what little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him: Life has
+become wholly a dark labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend,
+flying from spectres, has to stumble about at random, and naturally with
+more haste than progress.
+
+Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which,
+were clear record possible, would fill volumes. Hopeless is the
+obscurity, unspeakable the confusion. He glides from country to country,
+from condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can
+calculate how or where. Through all quarters of the world he wanders,
+and apparently through all circles of society. If in any scene, perhaps
+difficult to fix geographically, he settles for a time, and forms
+connections, be sure he will snap them abruptly asunder. Let him sink
+out of sight as Private Scholar (_Privatsirender_), living by the grace
+of God in some European capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the
+neighborhood of Mecca. It is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious,
+quick-changing; as if our Traveller, instead of limbs and highways,
+had transported himself by some wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat. The
+whole, too, imparted emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that
+collection of Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct
+historical notice sparingly interspersed: little light-islets in the
+world of haze! So that, from this point, the Professor is more of an
+enigma than ever. In figurative language, we might say he becomes, not
+indeed a spirit, yet spiritualized, vaporized. Fact unparalleled in
+Biography: The river of his History, which we have traced from its
+tiniest fountains, and hoped to see flow onward, with increasing
+current, into the ocean, here dashes itself over that terrific Lover's
+Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract, flies wholly into tumultuous
+clouds of spray! Low down it indeed collects again into pools and
+plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with difficulty, if at all,
+into a general stream. To cast a glance into certain of those pools and
+plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a chapter or two, form
+the limit of our endeavor.
+
+For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can
+be met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs
+much, which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit.
+Teufelsdrockh vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest
+levels, comes into contact with public History itself. For example,
+those conversations and relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan
+Mahmoud, the Emperor Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather
+of a diplomatic character than of a biographic? The Editor, appreciating
+the sacredness of crowned heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible
+trickeries of a Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the
+present; a new time may bring new insight and a different duty.
+
+If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was
+none, yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of
+mind, the Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,--the
+answer is more distinct than favorable. "A nameless Unrest," says he,
+"urged me forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying
+solace. Whither should I go? My Loadstars were blotted out; in that
+canopy of grim fire shone no star. Yet forward must I; the ground burnt
+under me; there was no rest for the sole of my foot. I was alone, alone!
+Ever too the strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself: towards
+these, one after the other, must I fruitlessly wander. A feeling I
+had, that for my fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing
+Fountain. To many fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these
+days, did I pilgrim; to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events: but
+found there no healing. In strange countries, as in the well-known; in
+savage deserts, as in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever
+the same: how could your Wanderer escape from--_his own Shadow_?
+Nevertheless still Forward! I felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not
+what. From the depths of my own heart, it called to me, Forwards! The
+winds and the streams, and all Nature sounded to me, Forwards! _Ach
+Gott_, I was even, once for all, a Son of Time."
+
+From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+active enough? He says elsewhere: "The _Enchiridion of Epictetus_ I had
+ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to
+mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling." Thou foolish
+Teufelsdrockh How could it else? Hadst thou not Greek enough to
+understand thus much: _The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought_,
+though it were the noblest?
+
+"How I lived?" writes he once: "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds
+the sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man? While thou
+stirrest and livest, thou hast a probability of victual. My breakfast of
+tea has been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped
+her earthen kettle with a horse-tail. I have roasted wild eggs in
+the sand of Sahara; I have awakened in Paris _Estrapades_ and Vienna
+_Malzleins_, with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid. That
+I had my Living to seek saved me from Dying,--by suicide. In our
+busy Europe, is there not an everlasting demand for Intellect, in the
+chemical, mechanical, political, religious, educational, commercial
+departments? In Pagan countries, cannot one write Fetishes? Living!
+Little knowest thou what alchemy is in an inventive Soul; how, as with
+its little finger, it can create provision enough for the body (of a
+Philosopher); and then, as with both hands, create quite other than
+provision; namely, spectres to torment itself withal."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a
+whole Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+comparatively a friend's! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain,
+or of the modern Wandering Jew,--save only that he feels himself not
+guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt,--wend to and fro with
+aimless speed. Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by
+footprints), write his _Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh_; even as the great
+Goethe, in passionate words, had to write his _Sorrows of Werter_,
+before the spirit freed herself, and he could become a Man. Vain truly
+is the hope of your swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!
+Nevertheless, in these sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries
+himself (about the age of twenty) in a world such as ours, richer
+than usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown
+obsolete,--what can the fool think but that it is all a Den of Lies,
+wherein whoso will not speak Lies and act Lies, must stand idle and
+despair? Whereby it happens that, for your nobler minds, the publishing
+of some such Work of Art, in one or the other dialect, becomes almost
+a necessity. For what is it properly but an Altercation with the
+Devil, before you begin honestly Fighting him? Your Byron publishes
+his _Sorrows of Lord George_, in verse and in prose, and copiously
+otherwise: your Bonaparte represents his _Sorrows of Napoleon_ Opera,
+in an all-too stupendous style; with music of cannon-volleys,
+and murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights are the fires of
+Conflagration; his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of embattled
+Hosts and the sound of falling Cities.--Happier is he who, like our
+Clothes-Philosopher, can write such matter, since it must be written,
+on the insensible Earth, with his shoe-soles only; and also survive the
+writing thereof!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO.
+
+Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+progressive, and growing: for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+stand still? We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of
+crisis, of transition: his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution
+into aimless Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation;
+wherefrom the fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve
+itself?
+
+Such transitions are ever full of pain: thus the Eagle when he moults is
+sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one
+upon rocks. What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts
+and motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of
+anarchy and misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out: as,
+indeed, how could there be other? Have we not seen him disappointed,
+bemocked of Destiny, through long years? All that the young heart might
+desire and pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance,
+offered and then snatched away. Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of
+useful, reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger,
+nothing granted: till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must
+forcibly seize for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable.
+Alas, his cup of bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever
+since that first "ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at
+the very lip; and then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine
+business, it runs over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+
+He himself says once, with more justness than originality: "Men is,
+properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope." What, then, was
+our Professor's possession? We see him, for the present, quite shut out
+from Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round
+into a dim copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+
+Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of!
+For, as he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost
+all tidings of another and higher. Full of religion, or at least of
+religiosity, as our Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not
+that, in those days, he was wholly irreligious: "Doubt had darkened into
+Unbelief," says he; "shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till
+you have the fixed, starless, Tartarean black." To such readers as have
+reflected, what can be called reflecting, on man's life, and happily
+discovered, in contradiction to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy,
+speculative and practical, that Soul is not synonymous with Stomach;
+who understand, therefore, in our Friend's words, "that, for man's
+well-being, Faith is properly the one thing needful; how, with it,
+Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the shame and the cross;
+and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick existence, by suicide, in
+the midst of luxury:" to such it will be clear that, for a pure moral
+nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the loss of everything.
+Unhappy young man! All wounds, the crush of long-continued Destitution,
+the stab of false Friendship and of false Love, all wounds in thy so
+genial heart, would have healed again, had not its life-warmth been
+withdrawn. Well might he exclaim, in his wild way: "Is there no God,
+then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever since the first
+Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and _see_ing it go? Has the
+word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine Messenger and
+Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and Fear, of
+emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's Celestial-Bed?
+Happiness of an approving Conscience! Did not Paul of Tarsus, whom
+admiring men have since named Saint, feel that _he_ was 'the chief of
+sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (_wohlgemuth_), spend much
+of his time in fiddling? Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder, who in
+thy Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself, and
+wouldst fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,--I tell
+thee, Nay! To the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is ever
+the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of
+Virtue, that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of
+injustice. What then? Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some
+Passion; some bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others
+_profit_ by? I know not: only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness
+be our true aim, then are we all astray. With Stupidity and sound
+Digestion man may front much. But what, in these dull unimaginative
+days, are the terrors of Conscience to the diseases of the Liver! Not on
+Morality, but on Cookery, let us build our stronghold: there brandishing
+our frying-pan, as censer, let us offer sweet incense to the Devil, and
+live at ease on the fat things he has provided for his Elect!"
+
+Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done,
+shouting question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and
+receive no Answer but an Echo. It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair
+world of his; wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the
+shrieks of despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day,
+and no Pillar of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim. To such
+length has the spirit of Inquiry carried him. "But what boots it (_was
+thut's_)?" cries he: "it is but the common lot in this era. Not having
+come to spiritual majority prior to the _Siecle de Louis Quinze_, and
+not being born purely a Loghead (_Dummkopf_ ), thou hadst no other
+outlook. The whole world is, like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old
+Temples of the Godhead, which for long have not been rain-proof, crumble
+down; and men ask now: Where is the Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+
+Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our
+Diogenes wicked. Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era
+of his life was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant
+of God, than even now when doubting God's existence. "One circumstance I
+note," says he: "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for
+me, what it is not always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me! I
+nevertheless still loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance
+to her. 'Truth!' I cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following
+her: no Falsehood! though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of
+Apostasy.' In conduct it was the same. Had a divine Messenger from the
+clouds, or miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed
+to me _This thou shalt do_, with what passionate readiness, as I often
+thought, would I have done it, had it been leaping into the
+infernal Fire. Thus, in spite of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical
+Profit-and-Loss Philosophies, with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination
+they had brought on, was the Infinite nature of Duty still dimly present
+to me: living without God in the world, of God's light I was not utterly
+bereft; if my as yet sealed eyes, with their unspeakable longing,
+could nowhere see Him, nevertheless in my heart He was present, and His
+heaven-written Law still stood legible and sacred there."
+
+Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+"The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness
+(_Unkraft_); ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true
+misery. And yet of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling,
+save by what you have prospered in, by what you have done. Between
+vague wavering Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a
+difference! A certain inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly
+in us; which only our Works can render articulate and decisively
+discernible. Our Works are the mirror wherein the spirit first sees its
+natural lineaments. Hence, too, the folly of that impossible Precept,
+_Know thyself_; till it be translated into this partially possible one,
+_Know what thou canst work at_.
+
+"But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+Workings amounted as yet simply to--Nothing. How then could I believe in
+my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in? Ever did this
+agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain to
+me insoluble: Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even
+as the most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern
+times? Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could
+I believe? Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly
+belied? The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:
+neither in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but
+been everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out. A feeble
+unit in the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing
+given me but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness. Invisible yet
+impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living: was
+there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to
+mine? O Heaven, No, there was none! I kept a lock upon my lips: why
+should I speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends,
+in whose withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an
+incredible tradition? In such cases, your resource is to talk little,
+and that little mostly from the Newspapers. Now when I look back, it was
+a strange isolation I then lived in. The men and women around me, even
+speaking with me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that
+they were alive, that they were not merely automatic. In the midst of
+their crowded streets and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as
+it was my own heart, not another's, that I kept devouring) savage also,
+as the tiger in his jungle. Some comfort it would have been, could I,
+like a Faust, have fancied myself tempted and tormented of the Devil;
+for a Hell, as I imagine, without Life, though only diabolic Life, were
+more frightful: but in our age of Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very
+Devil has been pulled down, you cannot so much as believe in a Devil. To
+me the Universe was all void of Life, of Purpose, of Volition, even of
+Hostility: it was one huge, dead, immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling
+on, in its dead indifference, to grind me limb from limb. Oh, the
+vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill of Death! Why was the Living
+banished thither companionless, conscious? Why, if there is no Devil;
+nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+
+A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the
+worst aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh
+threaten to fail? We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in
+spite of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort.
+Hear this, for example: "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper!
+Quite another thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of
+your Intellect, as it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no
+pure ray can enter; a whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul
+drowning slowly in quagmires of Disgust!"
+
+Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not
+find in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+significance enough? "From Suicide a certain after-shine (_Nachschein_)
+of Christianity withheld me: perhaps also a certain indolence of
+character; for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?
+Often, however, was there a question present to me: Should some one now,
+at the turning of that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the
+other World, or other No-world, by pistol-shot,--how were it? On which
+ground, too, I have often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other
+death-scenes, exhibited an imperturbability, which passed, falsely
+enough, for courage."
+
+"So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in
+bitter protracted Death-agony, through long years. The heart within
+me, unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous,
+slow-consuming fire. Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear;
+or once only when I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song,
+that wild _Selig der den er im Siegesglanze findet_ (Happy whom _he_
+finds in Battle's splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even
+I was not forsaken, that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die.
+Having no hope, neither had I any definite fear, were it of Man or
+of Devil: nay, I often felt as if it might be solacing, could the
+Arch-Devil himself, though in Tartarean terrors, but rise to me, that I
+might tell him a little of my mind. And yet, strangely enough, I lived
+in a continual, indefinite, pining fear; tremulous, pusillanimous,
+apprehensive of I knew not what: it seemed as if all things in the
+Heavens above and the Earth beneath would hurt me; as if the Heavens
+and the Earth were but boundless jaws of a devouring monster, wherein I,
+palpitating, waited to be devoured.
+
+"Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+toiling along the dirty little _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, among
+civic rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot
+as Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little
+cheered; when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked
+myself: 'What _art_ thou afraid of? Wherefore, like a coward, dost
+thou forever pip and whimper, and go cowering and trembling? Despicable
+biped! what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee? Death?
+Well, Death; and say the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and
+Man may, will or can do against thee! Hast thou not a heart; canst thou
+not suffer whatsoever it be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast,
+trample Tophet itself under thy feet, while it consumes thee? Let it
+come, then; I will meet it and defy it!' And as I so thought, there
+rushed like a stream of fire over my whole soul; and I shook base Fear
+away from me forever. I was strong, of unknown strength; a spirit,
+almost a god. Ever from that time, the temper of my misery was changed:
+not Fear or whining Sorrow was it, but Indignation and grim fire-eyed
+Defiance.
+
+"Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (_das ewige Nein_) pealed authoritatively
+through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then was it that
+my whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with emphasis
+recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most important transaction in
+Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a psychological point
+of view, be fitly called. The Everlasting No had said: 'Behold, thou art
+fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the Devil's);' to which
+my whole Me now made answer: '_I_ am not thine, but Free, and forever
+hate thee!'
+
+"It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth,
+or Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a
+Man."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+
+Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer
+signifies that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation
+and Defiance," especially against things in general, are not the most
+peaceable inmates; yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no
+longer a quite hopeless Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed
+centre to revolve round. For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed
+and thunder-riven, here feels its own Freedom, which feeling is its
+Baphometic Baptism: the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus
+gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the
+remaining dominions, not indeed without hard battling, will doubtless
+by degrees be conquered and pacificated. Under another figure, we might
+say, if in that great moment, in the _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, the
+old inward Satanic School was not yet thrown out of doors, it received
+peremptory judicial notice to quit;--whereby, for the rest, its
+howl-chantings, Ernulphus-cursings, and rebellious gnashings of teeth,
+might, in the mean while, become only the more tumultuous, and difficult
+to keep secret.
+
+Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness. Not
+wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world;
+at worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a
+Spectre-queller. If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells,"
+and ever without quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little
+secular wells, whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered.
+In a word, he is now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own
+heart;" and clutches round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer
+food. Does not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural
+state?
+
+"Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look
+upon with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long
+vista, into the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of
+almost the earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before
+your eyes! There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire
+put down, say only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or
+less triumphantly, with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt,
+and still burns, and thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! and
+the far more mysterious live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down
+there; and still miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and
+ashes thereof (in these Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its
+bellows-engines (in these Churches), thou still seest; and its flame,
+looking out from every kind countenance, and every hateful one, still
+warms thee or scorches thee.
+
+"Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform,
+mystic, and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of
+Government, with the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions
+both of Cloth-habits and of Soul-habits; much more his collective
+stock of Handicrafts, the whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating
+Nature: all these things, as indispensable and priceless as they
+are, cannot in any way be fixed under lock and key, but must flit,
+spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from Father to Son; if you demand
+sight of them, they are nowhere to be met with. Visible Ploughmen and
+Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and Tubal-cain downwards:
+but where does your accumulated Agricultural, Metallurgic, and
+other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits itself on the
+atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by Vision); it is a
+thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In like manner, ask
+me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT? In vain wilt thou
+go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon; thou findest
+nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of Papers
+tied with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly devised almighty
+GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Everywhere, yet nowhere: seen
+only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible; or if you
+will, mystic and miraculous. So spiritual (_geistig_) is our whole daily
+Life: all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit, invisible Force;
+only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace, air-built, does the
+Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+
+"Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+may belong; and thirdly--Books. In which third truly, the last invented,
+lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous indeed
+is the virtue of a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones, yearly
+crumbling, yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but then
+a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it stands
+from year to year, and from age to age (we have Books that already
+number some hundred and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new
+produce of leaves (Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political
+Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every
+one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men.
+O thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two centuries
+or oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him whom they name
+City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or
+City-burner! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort,
+namely over the Devil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble
+and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and
+Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the Earth will
+pilgrim.--Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, in thy antiquarian
+fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of
+Sacchara? These stand there, as I can tell thee, idle and inert, looking
+over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three thousand years:
+but canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version
+thereof?"
+
+No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that
+here, for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date.
+Omitting much, let us impart what follows:--
+
+"Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+remaining not so much as buried. And those red mould heaps; ay, there
+lie the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been
+blown; and now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight,
+like blown Egg-shells!--Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down
+his mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and
+spread them out here into the softest, richest level,--intend thee, O
+Marchfeld, for a corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be
+nursed; or for a Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be
+throttled and tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from
+the ends of Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? Were thy Wagrams
+and Stillfrieds but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of
+Hapsburg might batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered?
+Konig Ottokar, amid yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon;
+here Kaiser Franz falls a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five
+centuries, to omit the others, how has thy breast, fair Plain, been
+defaced and defiled! The greensward is torn up and trampled down; man's
+fond care of it, his fruit-trees, hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings,
+blown away with gunpowder; and the kind seedfield lies a desolate,
+hideous Place of Skulls.--Nevertheless, Nature is at work; neither shall
+these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost devilry gainsay her: but all
+that gore and carnage will be shrouded in, absorbed into manure; and
+next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay greener. Thrifty unwearied
+Nature, ever out of our great waste educing some little profit of thy
+own,--how dost thou, from the very carcass of the Killer, bring Life for
+the Living!
+
+"What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and
+upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil,
+in the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls.
+From these, by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are
+successively selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied
+men; Dumdrudge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she
+has, not without difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even
+trained them to crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another
+hammer, and the weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois.
+Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all
+dressed in red; and shipped away, at the public charges, some two
+thousand miles, or say only to the south of Spain; and fed there till
+wanted. And now to that same spot, in the south of Spain, are thirty
+similar French artisans, from a French Dumdrudge, in like manner
+wending: till at length, after infinite effort, the two parties come
+into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting Thirty, each with
+a gun in his hand. Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is given; and they
+blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty brisk useful
+craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must bury, and
+anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the Devil
+is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously,
+by Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton!
+their Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another,
+had the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.--Alas, so is it
+in Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old,
+'what devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'--In that
+fiction of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War
+is perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies,
+in person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the
+same, and smoke in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in:
+but from such predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and
+contentious centuries, may still divide us!"
+
+Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his
+own sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note
+what is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of
+spiritual culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his
+life were richer than this. Internally, there is the most momentous
+instructive Course of Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going
+on; towards the right comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits,
+favorable to Meditation, might help him rather than hinder. Externally,
+again, as he wanders to and fro, there are, if for the longing heart
+little substance, yet for the seeing eye sights enough in these so
+boundless Travels of his, granting that the Satanic School was even
+partially kept down, what an incredible knowledge of our Planet, and
+its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to say, of all knowable things,
+might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+
+"I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying.
+Unknown Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory,
+the Air, by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics
+came, through the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how
+he seeks food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions,
+are ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of
+the terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself
+only.
+
+"Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lingered reflecting,
+and even composing (_dichtete_), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in
+that clear Lakelet moistened my bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees
+of Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of
+China I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and
+covered with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.--Great Events,
+also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated down (_ausgemergelt_) into
+Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World
+well lost; oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by
+each other) in one day. All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed
+together, and shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment
+there, and in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith
+convulsed Europe was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, could not
+escape me.
+
+"For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men
+are the inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF
+REVELATIONS, whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by
+some named HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men,
+and your innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic
+Commentaries, and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox,
+weekly Sermons. For my study, the inspired Texts themselves! Thus did
+not I, in very early days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand
+behind the field-chairs, under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena
+Highway; waiting upon the great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing
+what I have not forgotten. For--"
+
+--But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some
+time ago laid down, and must suppress much. Let not the sacredness of
+Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with. Should we,
+at a future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for
+Publication, then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious
+be conceded; which for the present were little better than treacherous,
+perhaps traitorous Eavesdroppings. Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope
+Pius, Emperor Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari)
+with their mysteries, no notice here! Of Napoleon himself we shall only,
+glancing from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to
+have been of very varied character. At first we find our poor
+Professor on the point of being shot as a spy; then taken into private
+conversation, even pinched on the ear, yet presented with no money;
+at last indignantly dismissed, almost thrown out of doors, as an
+"Ideologist." "He himself," says the Professor, "was among the
+completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists: in the Idea (_in der
+Idee_) he lived, moved and fought. The man was a Divine Missionary,
+though unconscious of it; and preached, through the cannon's throat,
+that great doctrine, _La carriere ouverte aux talens_ (The Tools to him
+that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political Evangel,
+wherein alone can liberty lie. Madly enough he preached, it is true, as
+Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect utterance,
+amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case admitted.
+Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to fell
+unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did
+not entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+boundless harvest, bless."
+
+More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance
+and emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North
+Cape, on that June Midnight. He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak"
+hanging round him, as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole
+upper-garment;" and stands there, on the World-promontory, looking
+over the infinite Brine, like a little blue Belfry (as we figure), now
+motionless indeed, yet ready, if stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+
+"Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the
+Arctic latitudes, has its character: nothing but the granite cliffs
+ruddy-tinged, the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean,
+over which in the utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if
+he too were slumbering. Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and
+cloth-of-gold; yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters,
+like a tremulous fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide
+itself under my feet. In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for
+who would speak, or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and
+Africa, fast asleep, except the watchmen; and before him the silent
+Immensity, and Palace of the Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a
+porch-lamp?
+
+"Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean
+Bear, hails me in Russian speech: most probably, therefore, a Russian
+Smuggler. With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to
+contraband trade, my humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private.
+In vain: the monster, counting doubtless on his superior stature,
+and minded to make sport for himself, or perhaps profit, were it with
+murder, continues to advance; ever assailing me with his importunate
+train-oil breath; and now has advanced, till we stand both on the verge
+of the rock, the deep Sea rippling greedily down below. What argument
+will avail? On the thick Hyperborean, cherubic reasoning, seraphic
+eloquence were lost. Prepared for such extremity, I, deftly enough,
+whisk aside one step; draw out, from my interior reservoirs, a
+sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be so obliging as retire,
+Friend (_Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund_), and with promptitude!' This
+logic even the Hyperborean understands: fast enough, with apologetic,
+petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for suicidal as well as
+homicidal purposes, need not return.
+
+"Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder: that it makes all men
+alike tall. Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more
+_Mind_, though all but no _Body_ whatever, then canst thou kill me
+first, and art the taller. Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless,
+and the David resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive
+Spiritualism is all.
+
+"With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas. Few things, in this
+so surprising world, strike me with more surprise. Two little visual
+Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of
+the UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,--make
+pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and,
+simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into
+Dissolution; and off-hand become Air, and Non-extant! Deuce on it
+(_verdammt_), the little spitfires!--Nay, I think with old Hugo von
+Trimberg: 'God must needs laugh outright, could such a thing be, to see
+his wondrous Manikins here below.'"
+
+But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality,
+which is our chief quest here: How prospered the inner man of
+Teufelsdrockh, under so much outward shifting! Does Legion still lurk
+in him, though repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood? We
+can answer that the symptoms continue promising. Experience is the
+grand spiritual Doctor; and with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a
+patient, swallowing many a bitter bolus. Unless our poor Friend belong
+to the numerous class of Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure
+will doubtless be effected. We should rather say that Legion, or the
+Satanic School, was now pretty well extirpated and cast out, but next
+to nothing introduced in its room; whereby the heart remains, for the
+while, in a quiet but no comfortable state.
+
+"At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I
+was what you might name calcined. Pray only that it be not rather, as is
+the more frequent issue, reduced to a _caput-mortuum_! But in any
+case, by mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.
+Wretchedness was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it,
+and despise it. Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not
+found a Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his
+brave garnitures, miserable enough? Thy wishes have all been sniffed
+aside, thought I: but what, had they even been all granted! Did not the
+Boy Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole
+Solar System; or after that, a whole Universe? _Ach Gott_, when I gazed
+into these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity, from
+their serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over the
+little lot of man! Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our
+own, have been swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them
+any more; and Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still
+shining in their courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first
+noted them in the plain of Shinar. Pshaw! what is this paltry little
+Dog-cage of an Earth; what art thou that sittest whining there? Thou art
+still Nothing, Nobody: true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody? For
+thee the Family of Man has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a
+dissevered limb: so be it; perhaps it is better so!"
+
+Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh! Yet surely his bands are loosening; one
+day he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with
+a second youth.
+
+"This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the
+Positive must necessarily pass."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+
+"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not
+all to be tried with such? Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us
+by birth, be dispossessed. Our Life is compassed round with Necessity;
+yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary
+Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially,
+a hard-fought battle. For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in
+Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic
+Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it
+be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible,
+acted Gospel of Freedom. And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and
+be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every
+nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better
+Influence can become the upper?
+
+"To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay
+must now be vanquished or vanquish,--should be carried of the spirit
+into grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle
+with him; defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly. Name
+it as we choose: with or without visible Devil, whether in the
+natural Desert of rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of
+selfishness and baseness,--to such Temptation are we all called. Unhappy
+if we are not! Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine
+handwriting has never blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor;
+but quivers dubiously amid meaner lights: or smoulders, in dull pain, in
+darkness, under earthly vapors!--Our Wilderness is the wide World in
+an Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and
+fasting: nevertheless, to these also comes an end. Yes, to me also was
+given, if not Victory, yet the consciousness of Battle, and the
+resolve to persevere therein while life or faculty is left. To me also,
+entangled in the enchanted forests, demon-peopled, doleful of sight and
+of sound, it was given, after weariest wanderings, to work out my way
+into the higher sunlit slopes--of that Mountain which has no summit, or
+whose summit is in Heaven only!"
+
+He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once
+for all, natural to him: "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient
+men (_tuchtigen Manner_) thou hast known in this generation? An outflush
+of foolish young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as
+many weeds as valuable herbs: this all parched away, under the Droughts
+of practical and spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and
+act, often-repeated gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled
+into Denial! If I have had a second-crop, and now see the perennial
+greensward, and sit under umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and
+Doubt); herein too, be the Heavens praised, I am not without examples,
+and even exemplars."
+
+So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious
+revolution:" these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of
+his were but some purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his
+apostolic work (such as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now
+happily over, and the Devil once more worsted! Was "that high moment in
+the _Rue de l'Enfer_," then, properly the turning-point of the battle;
+when the Fiend said, _Worship me, or be torn in shreds_; and was
+answered valiantly with an _Apage Satana_?--Singular Teufelsdrockh,
+would thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words! But it is
+fruitless to look there, in those Paper-bags, for such. Nothing but
+innuendoes, figurative crotchets: a typical Shadow, fitfully wavering,
+prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture. "How paint to the sensual
+eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies of Man's Soul;
+in what words, known to these profane times, speak even afar-off of the
+unspeakable?" We ask in turn: Why perplex these times, profane as
+they are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by commission? Not
+mystical only is our Professor, but whimsical; and involves himself, now
+more than ever, in eye-bewildering _chiaroscuro_. Successive glimpses,
+here faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must endeavor to
+combine for their own behoof.
+
+He says: "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in
+my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was
+as if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce
+utterly, and say: Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no
+more, I will believe you no more. And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear,
+I care not for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here:
+for I am way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to
+die: to die or to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."--And again:
+"Here, then, as I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by
+benignant upper Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled
+gradually away, and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth. The first
+preliminary moral Act, Annihilation of Self (_Selbst-todtung_), had
+been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its
+hands ungyved."
+
+Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+already taking wholesome effect on him? If it were not that the tone,
+in some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest
+Dualism: light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the
+fore-court, while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe
+and wail. We transcribe the piece entire.
+
+"Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and
+meditating; on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me,
+as roof, the azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing
+curtains,--namely, of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes
+also I have seen gilding. And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood
+sheltered in these Mountain hollows; with their green flower-lawns,
+and white dames and damosels, lovely enough: or better still, the
+straw-roofed Cottages, wherein stood many a Mother baking bread, with
+her children round her:--all hidden and protectingly folded up in the
+valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as if I beheld them. Or to
+see, as well as fancy, the nine Towns and Villages, that lay round my
+mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were wont to speak to me (by
+their steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in almost all weather,
+proclaimed their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds; whereon, as on a
+culinary horologe, I might read the hour of the day. For it was the
+smoke of cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday, eventide, were
+boiling their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose up into the
+air, successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine, saying, as
+plainly as smoke could say: Such and such a meal is getting ready
+here. Not uninteresting! For you have the whole Borough, with all its
+love-makings and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as
+in miniature, and could cover it all with your hat.--If, in my wide
+Way-farings, I had learned to look into the business of the World in
+its details, here perhaps was the place for combining it into general
+propositions, and deducing inferences therefrom.
+
+"Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+Distance: round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad
+witch's hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear
+sunbeam, your Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor
+had held snow. How thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great
+fermenting-vat and laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O
+Nature!--Or what is Nature? Ha! why do I not name thee GOD? Art not thou
+the 'Living Garment of God'? O Heavens, is it, in very deed, HE, then,
+that ever speaks through thee; that lives and loves in thee, that lives
+and loves in me?
+
+"Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than
+Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice
+to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults;
+like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated
+heart, came that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a
+charnel-house with spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+
+"With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman: with an
+infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou
+not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou
+bear the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary,
+so heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, my
+Brother, why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears
+from thy eyes!--Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this
+solitude, with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening
+discord, but a melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a
+dumb creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth,
+with her poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man,
+with his so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to
+me; and even for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him
+Brother. Thus was I standing in the porch of that '_Sanctuary of
+Sorrow_;' by strange, steep ways had I too been guided thither; and ere
+long its sacred gates would open, and the '_Divine Depth of Sorrow_' lie
+disclosed to me."
+
+The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free. "A
+vain interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present
+called Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since
+the beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from
+idle Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to. The
+most, in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+indispensable. In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in
+different terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become
+obsolete, and is found unserviceable. For it is man's nature to change
+his Dialect from century to century; he cannot help it though he would.
+The authentic _Church-Catechism_ of our present century has not yet
+fallen into my hands: meanwhile, for my own private behoof I attempt to
+elucidate the matter so. Man's Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his
+Greatness; it is because there is an Infinite in him, which with all his
+cunning he cannot quite bury under the Finite. Will the whole Finance
+Ministers and Upholsterers and Confectioners of modern Europe undertake,
+in joint-stock company, to make one Shoeblack HAPPY? They cannot
+accomplish it, above an hour or two: for the Shoeblack also has a Soul
+quite other than his Stomach; and would require, if you consider it,
+for his permanent satisfaction and saturation, simply this allotment,
+no more, and no less: _God's infinite Universe altogether to himself_,
+therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill every wish as fast as it rose.
+Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of Ophiuchus: speak not of
+them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as nothing. No sooner is
+your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might have been of better
+vintage. Try him with half of a Universe, of an Omnipotence, he sets to
+quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half, and declares himself
+the most maltreated of men.--Always there is a black spot in our
+sunshine: it is even, as I said, the _Shadow of Ourselves_.
+
+"But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus. By certain
+valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+indefeasible right. It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such _overplus_ as there may
+be do we account Happiness; any _deficit_ again is Misery. Now consider
+that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what a fund
+of Self-conceit there is in each of us,--do you wonder that the balance
+should so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry: See
+there, what a payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!--I tell thee,
+Blockhead, it all comes of thy Vanity; of what thou _fanciest_ those
+same deserts of thine to be. Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged (as
+is most likely), thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot: fancy that
+thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to die
+in hemp.
+
+"So true is it, what I then said, that _the Fraction of Life can be
+increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by
+lessening your Denominator_. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, _Unity_
+itself divided by _Zero_ will give _Infinity_. Make thy claim of wages
+a zero, then; thou hast the world under thy feet. Well did the Wisest
+of our time write: 'It is only with Renunciation (_Entsagen_) that Life,
+properly speaking, can be said to begin.'
+
+"I asked myself: What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account
+of? Say it in a word: is it not because thou art not HAPPY? Because
+the THOU (sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished,
+soft-bedded, and lovingly cared for? Foolish soul! What Act of
+Legislature was there that _thou_ shouldst be Happy? A little while
+ago thou hadst no right to _be_ at all. What if thou wert born and
+predestined not to be Happy, but to be Unhappy! Art thou nothing other
+than a Vulture, then, that fliest through the Universe seeking after
+somewhat to _eat_; and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not
+given thee? Close thy _Byron_; open thy _Goethe_."
+
+"_Es leuchtet mir ein_, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:
+"there is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness: he can do without
+Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness! Was it not to preach
+forth this same HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest,
+in all times, have spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life
+and through death, of the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike
+only has he Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou
+also honored to be taught; O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful
+Afflictions, even till thou become contrite and learn it! Oh, thank thy
+Destiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need
+of them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant
+fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease,
+and triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
+engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure;
+love God. This is the EVERLASTING YEA, wherein all contradiction is
+solved: wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him."
+
+And again: "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee: thou canst love
+the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for
+this a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent. Knowest thou
+that '_Worship of Sorrow_'? The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen
+centuries ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation
+of doleful creatures: nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt,
+arched out of falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and
+its sacred Lamp perennially burning."
+
+Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor
+will only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more
+questionable character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay
+wherein he himself does not see his way. Nebulous disquisitions
+on Religion, yet not without bursts of splendor; on the "perennial
+continuance of Inspiration;" on Prophecy; that there are "true Priests,
+as well as Baal-Priests, in our own day:" with more of the like sort. We
+select some fractions, by way of finish to this farrago.
+
+"Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+Professor: "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+finished. Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+considerable or otherwise: That the Mythus of the Christian Religion
+looks not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth. Alas,
+were thy six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other
+quartos and folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since
+on the same subject, all needed to convince us of so little! But what
+next? Wilt thou help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in
+a new Mythus, in a new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise
+too like perishing, may live? What! thou hast no faculty in that kind?
+Only a torch for burning, no hammer for building? Take our thanks, then,
+and--thyself away.
+
+"Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me? Or is the God present,
+felt in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out
+of me; or dispute into me? To the '_Worship of Sorrow_' ascribe what
+origin and genesis thou pleasest, _has_ not that Worship originated,
+and been generated; is it not _here_? Feel it in thy heart, and then say
+whether it is of God! This is Belief; all else is Opinion,--for which
+latter whoso will, let him worry and be worried."
+
+"Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like: try rather to get
+a little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself. One BIBLE I
+know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible;
+nay with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it: thereof all other
+Bibles are but Leaves,--say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker
+faculty."
+
+Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him
+take the following perhaps more intelligible passage:--
+
+"To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable. Hast
+thou in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think
+well what the meaning thereof is. If thou gauge it to the bottom, it
+is simply this: 'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of
+Happiness in the world, something from my share: which, by the Heavens,
+thou shalt not; nay I will fight thee rather.'--Alas, and the whole lot
+to be divided is such a beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for
+the substance has been spilled out: not enough to quench one Appetite;
+and the collective human species clutching at them!--Can we not, in all
+such cases, rather say: 'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take
+that pitiful additional fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but
+which thou so wantest; take it with a blessing: would to Heaven I had
+enough for thee!'--If Fichte's _Wissenschaftslehre_ be, 'to a certain
+extent, Applied Christianity,' surely to a still greater extent, so is
+this. We have here not a Whole Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the
+Passive half: could we but do it, as we can demonstrate it!
+
+"But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till
+it convert itself into Conduct. Nay properly Conviction is not possible
+till then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a
+vortex amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience
+does it find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a
+system. Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any
+sort cannot be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let
+him who gropes painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays
+vehemently that the dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well
+to heart, which to me was of invaluable service: '_Do the Duty which
+lies nearest thee_,' which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty
+will already have become clearer.
+
+"May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+even this: When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario
+in _Wilhelm Meister_, that your 'America is here or nowhere'? The
+Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by
+man. Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual,
+wherein thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it
+out therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free. Fool! the Ideal is
+in thyself, the impediment too is in thyself: thy Condition is but the
+stuff thou art to shape that same Ideal out of: what matters whether
+such stuff be of this sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic,
+be poetic? O thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and
+criest bitterly to the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create,
+know this of a truth: the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here
+or nowhere,' couldst thou only see!
+
+"But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature: the beginning of
+Creation is--Light. Till the eye have vision, the whole members are in
+bonds. Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over
+the wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken: Let there be Light! Ever to
+the greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest
+and least. The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled
+conflicting elements bind themselves into separate Firmaments: deep
+silent rock-foundations are built beneath; and the skyey vault with its
+everlasting Luminaries above: instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have
+a blooming, fertile, heaven-encompassed World.
+
+"I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World,
+or even Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest
+infinitesimal fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name! 'Tis the
+utmost thou hast in thee: out with it, then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy
+hand findeth to do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called
+To-day; for the Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. PAUSE.
+
+Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and
+almost Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself
+seems to consider as Conversion. "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice
+rather that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in
+our modern Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients. The Old World
+knew nothing of Conversion; instead of an _Ecce Homo_, they had only
+some _Choice of Hercules_. It was a new-attained progress in the Moral
+Development of man: hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of
+the most Limited; what to Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates
+a chimera, is now clear and certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys,
+and the poorest of their Pietists and Methodists."
+
+It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh
+commences: we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with
+the spirit and clear aims of a Man. He has discovered that the Ideal
+Workshop he so panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished
+Workshop he has so long been stumbling in. He can say to himself:
+"Tools? Thou hast no Tools? Why, there is not a Man, or a Thing, now
+alive but has tools. The basest of created animalcules, the Spider
+itself, has a spinning-jenny, and warping-mill, and power-loom within
+its head: the stupidest of Oysters has a Papin's-Digester, with
+stone-and-lime house to hold it in: every being that can live can do
+something: this let him _do_.--Tools? Hast thou not a Brain, furnished,
+furnishable with some glimmerings of Light; and three fingers to hold a
+Pen withal? Never since Aaron's Rod went out of practice, or even before
+it, was there such a wonder-working Tool: greater than all recorded
+miracles have been performed by Pens. For strangely in this so
+solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in continual restless flux,
+it is appointed that _Sound_, to appearance the most fleeting, should
+be the most continuing of all things. The WORD is well said to be
+omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can create as by a
+_Fiat_. Awake, arise! Speak forth what is in thee; what God has given
+thee, what the Devil shall not take away. Higher task than that of
+Priesthood was allotted to no man: wert thou but the meanest in that
+sacred Hierarchy, is it not honor enough therein to spend and be spent?
+
+"By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden. Writings
+of mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps
+not altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my
+unseen sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there. I thank the Heavens
+that I have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible
+result, I am minded diligently to persevere.
+
+"Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant
+Device, now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like
+a grain of right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now
+stretching out strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the
+air to lodge in,--may have been properly my doing? Some one's doing, it
+without doubt was; from some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of
+all take beginning: why not from some Idea in mine?" Does Teufelsdrockh,
+here glance at that "SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY
+(_Eigenthums-conservirende Gesellschaft_)," of which so many ambiguous
+notices glide spectra-like through these inexpressible Paper-bags? "An
+Institution," hints he, "not unsuitable to the wants of the time; as
+indeed such sudden extension proves: for already can the Society number,
+among its office-bearers or corresponding members, the highest Names, if
+not the highest Persons, in Germany, England, France; and contributions,
+both of money and of meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if
+possible, enlist the remaining Integrity of the world, and, defensively
+and with forethought, marshal it round this Palladium." Does
+Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give himself out as the originator of
+that so notable _Eigenthums-conservirende_ ("Owndom-conserving")
+_Gesellschaft_; and if so, what, in the Devil's name, is it? He again
+hints: "At a time when the divine Commandment, _Thou shalt not steal_,
+wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the whole Hebrew
+Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions, Justinian's
+Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms, Divinities,
+Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and enforced with
+Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance: at a time, I say,
+when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the general
+remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite Commandment,
+_Thou shalt steal_, is everywhere promulgated,--it perhaps behooved, in
+this universal dotage and deliration, the sound portion of mankind to
+bestir themselves and rally. When the widest and wildest violations
+of that divine right of Property, the only divine right now extant or
+conceivable, are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious Press, and the
+world has lived to hear it asserted that _we have no Property in our
+very Bodies, but only an accidental Possession and Life-rent_, what
+is the issue to be looked for? Hangmen and Catchpoles may, by their
+noose-gins and baited fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort of vermin;
+but what, except perhaps some such Universal Association, can protect
+us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of
+Boa-constrictors. If, therefore, the more sequestered Thinker have
+wondered, in his privacy, from what hand that perhaps not ill-written
+_Program_ in the Public Journals, with its high _Prize-Questions_ and so
+liberal _Prizes_, could have proceeded,--let him now cease such
+wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to the _Concurrenz_
+(Competition)."
+
+We ask: Has this same "perhaps not ill-written _Program_," or any other
+authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen under
+the eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic? If
+so, what are those _Prize-Questions_; what are the terms of Competition,
+and when and where? No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther light of any
+sort, to be met with in these Paper-bags! Or is the whole business one
+other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities, whereby
+Herr Teufelsdrockh, meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often to play
+fast-and-loose with us?
+
+
+Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him;
+paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his
+thorny Biographical task a labor of love. It is a suspicion grounded
+perhaps on trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and
+more discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in
+whom underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel
+within wheel, defy all reckoning: a suspicion, in one word, that these
+Autobiographical Documents are partly a mystification! What if many
+a so-called Fact were little better than a Fiction; if here we had no
+direct Camera-obscura Picture of the Professor's History; but only some
+more or less fantastic Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly
+enough, shadowing forth the same! Our theory begins to be that, in
+receiving as literally authentic what was but hieroglyphically so,
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in that case we scruple not to name Hofrath
+Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of, and set adrift to make fools of others.
+Could it be expected, indeed, that a man so known for impenetrable
+reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at once frankly unlock his private
+citadel to an English Editor and a German Hofrath; and not rather
+deceptively _in_lock both Editor and Hofrath in the labyrinthic
+tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having enticed them
+thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools would look?
+
+Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself
+short. On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being
+all but invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher,
+the following: "What are your historical Facts; still more your
+biographical? Wilt thou know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing
+together bead-rolls of what thou namest Facts? The Man is the spirit
+he worked in; not what he did, but what he became. Facts are engraved
+Hierograms, for which the fewest have the key. And then how your
+Blockhead (_Dummkopf_) studies not their Meaning; but simply whether
+they are well or ill cut, what he calls Moral or Immoral! Still worse
+is it with your Bungler (_Pfuscher_): such I have seen reading some
+Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation; and mistaking the ill-cut
+Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous reptile." Was the Professor
+apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the present boasts himself,
+might mistake the Teufelsdrockh Serpent-of-Eternity in like manner? For
+which reason it was to be altered, not without underhand satire, into
+a plainer Symbol? Or is this merely one of his half-sophisms,
+half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of a Figure, he cares
+not whither it gallop? We say not with certainty; and indeed, so strange
+is the Professor, can never say. If our suspicion be wholly unfounded,
+let his own questionable ways, not our necessary circumspectness bear
+the blame.
+
+But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present. Let it
+suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+what he became:" the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for. The
+imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche: and such, wheresoever
+be its flight, it will continue. To trace by what complex gyrations
+(flights or involuntary waftings) through the mere external
+Life-element, Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and
+the Psyche clothes herself in civic Titles, without altering her now
+fixed nature,--would be comparatively an unproductive task, were we even
+unsuspicious of its being, for us at least, a false and impossible one.
+His outward Biography, therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we
+saw churned utterly into spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for
+aught that concerns us here. Enough that by survey of certain "pools and
+plashes," we have ascertained its general direction; do we not already
+know that, by one way and other, it _has_ long since rained down again
+into a stream; and even now, at Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still,
+fraught with the _Philosophy of Clothes_, and visible to whoso will
+cast eye thereon? Over much invaluable matter, that lies scattered,
+like jewels among quarry-rubbish, in those Paper-catacombs, we may have
+occasion to glance back, and somewhat will demand insertion at the right
+place: meanwhile be our tiresome diggings therein suspended.
+
+If now, before reopening the great _Clothes-Volume_, we ask what our
+degree of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+understanding of the _Clothes-Philosophy_, let not our discouragement
+become total. To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+conjecture.
+
+So much we already calculate: Through many a little loophole, we have
+had glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange
+mystic, almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually
+drawn, is not henceforth altogether dark to us. Those mysterious ideas
+on TIME, which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible
+with such, may by and by prove significant. Still more may his somewhat
+peculiar view of Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature. How
+all Nature and Life are but one _Garment_, a "Living Garment," woven and
+ever a-weaving in the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline
+of a whole _Clothes-Philosophy_; at least the arena it is to work in?
+Remark, too, that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning
+in such a matter, becomes less enigmatic: amid so much tumultuous
+obscurity, almost like diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable
+Defiance and yet a boundless Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two
+mountain-summits, on whose rock-strata all the rest were based and
+built?
+
+Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it
+were preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy? To look through the Shows of
+things into Things themselves he is led and compelled. The "Passivity"
+given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune. Everywhere
+cast out, like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in
+any public Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of
+Meditation. The whole energy of his existence is directed, through long
+years, on one task: that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it. Thus
+everywhere do the Shows of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten
+him with fearfullest destruction: only by victoriously penetrating into
+Things themselves can he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this
+same looking through the Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the
+first preliminary to a _Philosophy of Clothes_? Do we not, in all
+this, discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such
+a Philosophy; and what shape it must assume with such a man, in such an
+era?
+
+Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+without guess whither he is bound: nor, let us hope, for all the
+fantastic Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh,
+he must wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a
+steady Polar Star.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK III.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+
+As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an
+early part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself.
+Striking it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force
+of vision and of heart he pierced into the mystery of the World;
+recognizing in the highest sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went,
+only fresh or faded Raiment; yet ever, under this, a celestial Essence
+thereby rendered visible: and while, on the one hand, he trod the old
+rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into the mire, he on the other
+everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly principalities and powers,
+and worshipped it, though under the meanest shapes, with a true
+Platonic mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed by thus casting his
+Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe; what such, more
+or less complete, rending and burning of Garments throughout the whole
+compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should lead to; the rather as
+he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not, like Rousseau, recommend
+either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a return to the savage
+state: all this our readers are now bent to discover; this is, in fact,
+properly the gist and purport of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Philosophy of
+Clothes.
+
+Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much
+evolved, as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our
+British Friends into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines;
+nowise to dig out and exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all
+time inexhaustible. Once there, let each dig for his own behoof, and
+enrich himself.
+
+Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the
+Professor's, can our course now more than formerly be straightforward,
+step by step, but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand
+out here and there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely
+and narrowly, shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole: to
+select these with judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be
+possible, and (in our old figure) by chaining them together, a passable
+Bridge be effected: this, as heretofore, continues our only method.
+Among such light-spots, the following, floating in much wild matter
+about _Perfectibility_, has seemed worth clutching at:--
+
+"Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident
+passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree
+of ridicule by others: namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker,
+was one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of
+the Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls
+of Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable
+Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly
+accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods
+it has chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid
+pincers, paste-horns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of
+rubbish, this youth had, nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him;
+also an antique Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it
+could look upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily
+pair of shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and
+an honorable Mastership in Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of
+Thirdborough in his hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,--was
+nowise satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever amid the boring and
+hammering came tones from that far country, came Splendors and Terrors;
+for this poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the Temple of
+Immensity, wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy
+mystery to him.
+
+"The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters
+of that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to
+'drink beer, and dance with the girls.' Blind leaders of the blind!
+For what end were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their
+shovel-hats scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt
+on; and such a church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other
+racketing, held over that spot of God's Earth,--if Man were but a Patent
+Digester, and the Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned
+from them, with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings
+and his Bible. Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been
+heaped over that Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried
+there. Through long days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and
+wrestled, with a man's force, to be free: how its prison-mountains
+heaved and swayed tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this
+hand and that, and emerged into the light of Heaven! That Leicester
+shoe-shop, had men known it, was a holier place than any Vatican or
+Loretto-shrine.--'So bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he,
+'with thousand requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags,
+I can neither see nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time
+flies fast, and Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee,
+if thou hast power of Thought! Why not; what binds me here? Want,
+want!--Ha, of what? Will all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me
+across into that far Land of Light? Only Meditation can, and devout
+Prayer to God. I will to the woods: the hollow of a tree will lodge
+me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes, cannot I stitch myself one
+perennial suit of Leather!'
+
+"Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts
+I never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject
+were easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as
+if such first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and
+more into Day, the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its
+hindrances and its horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is
+in History. Let some living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and
+understanding heart, picture George Fox on that morning, when he spreads
+out his cutting-board for the last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted
+patterns, and stitches them together into one continuous all-including
+Case, the farewell service of his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox:
+every prick of that little instrument is pricking into the heart of
+Slavery, and World-worship, and the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as
+in strong swimmer-strokes, and every stroke is bearing thee across the
+Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds her Workhouse and Ragfair, into
+lands of true Liberty; were the work done, there is in broad Europe one
+Free Man, and thou art he!
+
+"Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and
+for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely if, as D'Alembert
+asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is
+George Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes
+himself: for he too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood,
+casting aside all props and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride,
+undervaluing the Earth; valuing it rather, as a place to yield him
+warmth and food, he looks Heavenward from his Earth, and dwells in an
+element of Mercy and Worship, with a still Strength, such as the Cynic's
+Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly, was that Tub; a temple from which
+man's dignity and divinity was scornfully preached abroad: but greater
+is the Leather Hull, for the same sermon was preached there, and not in
+Scorn but in Love."
+
+
+George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn
+quite into ashes for nigh two centuries: why, in a discussion on
+the _Perfectibility of Society_, reproduce it now? Not out of blind
+sectarian partisanship: Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all
+his pacific tendencies, did not we see him, in that scene at the North
+Cape, with the Archangel Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+
+For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+passage than meets the ear. At the same time, who can avoid smiling
+at the earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an
+underhand satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought
+forward; and, in the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as
+he durst in Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation! Does Teufelsdrockh
+anticipate that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class
+of the community, by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and
+escaping from what he calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair,"
+where doubtless some of them are toiled and whipped and hoodwinked
+sufficiently,--will sheathe themselves in close-fitting cases of
+Leather? The idea is ridiculous in the extreme. Will Majesty lay aside
+its robes of state, and Beauty its frills and train-gowns, for a second
+skin of tanned hide? By which change Huddersfield and Manchester, and
+Coventry and Paisley, and the Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry
+solitudes; and only Day and Martin could profit. For neither would
+Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we presume covertly intended, of
+levelling Society (_levelling_ it indeed with a vengeance, into one
+huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining the political effects of Nudity
+without its frigorific or other consequences,--be thereby realized.
+Would not the rich man purchase a waterproof suit of Russia Leather;
+and the high-born Belle step forth in red or azure morocco, lined with
+shamoy: the black cowhide being left to the Drudges and Gibeonites of
+the world; and so all the old Distinctions be re-established?
+
+Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve
+at our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+
+Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has
+the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume. We here
+translate it entire:--
+
+"By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in. Far from it! Church-Clothes
+are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have
+at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them
+as a living and life-giving WORD.
+
+"These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+garnitures of Human Existence. They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or
+three are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent,
+and indeed indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly
+manifests itself (as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be
+embodied in a visible Communion and Church Militant. Mystical, more than
+magical, is that Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward:
+here properly Soul first speaks with Soul; for only in looking
+heavenward, take it in what sense you may, not in looking earthward,
+does what we can call Union, mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible.
+How true is that of Novalis: 'It is certain, my Belief gains quite
+_infinitely_ the moment I can convince another mind thereof'! Gaze thou
+in the face of thy Brother, in those eyes where plays the lambent fire
+of Kindness, or in those where rages the lurid conflagration of Anger;
+feel how thy own so quiet Soul is straightway involuntarily kindled with
+the like, and ye blaze and reverberate on each other, till it is all
+one limitless confluent flame (of embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling
+Hate); and then say what miraculous virtue goes out of man into man. But
+if so, through all the thick-plied hulls of our Earthly Life; how much
+more when it is of the Divine Life we speak, and inmost ME is, as it
+were, brought into contact with inmost ME!
+
+"Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven
+by Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes
+possible by Religion. Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and
+present, may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or
+other of these three predicaments: an audibly preaching and prophesying
+Church, which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach
+and prophesy, but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and
+worst, a Church gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium
+prior to dissolution. Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant
+Chapter-houses and Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere
+speech and chanting, let him," says the oracular Professor, "read on,
+light of heart (_getrosten Muthes_).
+
+"But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+exist. For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying _under_ such
+SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;--then is Religion the
+inmost Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm
+Circulation to the whole. Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones
+and Muscles (of Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic
+vitality; the SKIN would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting
+rawhide; and Society itself a dead carcass,--deserving to be buried. Men
+were no longer Social, but Gregarious; which latter state also could not
+continue, but must gradually issue in universal selfish discord, hatred,
+savage isolation, and dispersion;--whereby, as we might continue to say,
+the very dust and dead body of Society would have evaporated and
+become abolished. Such, and so all-important, all-sustaining, are the
+Church-Clothes to civilized or even to rational men.
+
+"Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become
+mere hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit
+any longer dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid
+accumulation, drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you
+with its glass eyes, in ghastly affectation of Life,--some
+generation-and-half after Religion has quite withdrawn from it, and
+in unnoticed nooks is weaving for herself new Vestures, wherewith
+to reappear, and bless us, or our sons or grandsons. As a Priest, or
+Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and highest of all men, so is
+a Sham-priest (_Schein-priester_) the falsest and basest; neither is it
+doubtful that his Canonicals, were they Popes' Tiaras, will one day be
+torn from him, to make bandages for the wounds of mankind; or even to
+burn into tinder, for general scientific or culinary purposes.
+
+"All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second
+Volume, _On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society_; which volume,
+as treating practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture
+of Spiritual Tissues, or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the
+Transcendental or ultimate Portion of this my work on _Clothes_, and is
+already in a state of forwardness."
+
+And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added,
+does Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular
+chapter on Church-Clothes!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS.
+
+Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure
+utterances, if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations
+on _Symbols_. To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our
+compass: nowhere is he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of
+"Fantasy being the organ of the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though
+based, to all seeming, on the small Visible, does nevertheless extend
+down into the infinite deeps of the Invisible, of which Invisible,
+indeed, his Life is properly the bodying forth." Let us, omitting these
+high transcendental aspects of the matter, study to glean (whether from
+the Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what little seems logical and
+practical, and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as
+it will assume. By way of proem, take the following not injudicious
+remarks:--
+
+"The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who
+shall speak or sing? SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised
+to them (were this an altar-building time) for universal worship.
+Silence is the element in which great things fashion themselves
+together; that at length they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into
+the daylight of Life, which they are thenceforth to rule. Not William
+the Silent only, but all the considerable men I have known, and the most
+undiplomatic and unstrategic of these, forbore to babble of what they
+were creating and projecting. Nay, in thy own mean perplexities, do
+thou thyself but _hold thy tongue for one day_: on the morrow, how much
+clearer are thy purposes and duties; what wreck and rubbish have those
+mute workmen within thee swept away, when intrusive noises were shut
+out! Speech is too often not, as the Frenchman defined it, the art of
+concealing Thought; but of quite stifling and suspending Thought,
+so that there is none to conceal. Speech too is great, but not the
+greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says: _Sprechen ist silbern,
+Schweigen ist golden_ (Speech is silvern, Silence is golden); or as I
+might rather express it: Speech is of Time, Silence is of Eternity.
+
+"Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+Silence: neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy. Let not thy left
+hand know what thy right hand doeth! Neither shalt thou prate even to
+thy own heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (_Schaam_)
+the soil of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals? Like other
+plants, Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the
+eye of the sun. Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily
+thyself, the root withers, and no flower will glad thee. O my Friends,
+when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example,
+the Marriage-bower, and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues
+of Heaven, what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them
+up by the roots, and, with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us
+the dung they flourish in! Men speak much of the Printing Press with
+its Newspapers: _du Himmel_! what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's
+Goose?
+
+"Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of _Symbols_. In
+a Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by
+Silence and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance. And
+if both the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how
+expressive will their union be! Thus in many a painted Device, or simple
+Seal-emblem, the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite
+new emphasis.
+
+"For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith. In the
+Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible,
+and as it were, attainable there. By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided
+and commanded, made happy, made wretched: He everywhere finds himself
+encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized: the
+Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what
+is man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical;
+a revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a
+'Gospel of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he
+can, by act and word? Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment
+of a Thought; but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in
+the transcendental sense, symbolical as well as real."
+
+"Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with
+these high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the
+verge of the inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl. Perhaps, too,
+of all the owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we
+consider it, is that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights.
+Fantastic tricks enough man has played, in his time; has fancied himself
+to be most things, down even to an animated heap of Glass: but to fancy
+himself a dead Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was
+reserved for this his latter era. There stands he, his Universe one huge
+Manger, filled with hay and thistles to be weighed against each other;
+and looks long-eared enough. Alas, poor devil! spectres are appointed to
+haunt him: one age he is hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden,
+befooled; in all ages, bedevilled. And now the Genius of Mechanism
+smothers him worse than any Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked
+out of him, and only a kind of Digestive, Mechanic life remains. In
+Earth and in Heaven he can see nothing but Mechanism; has fear for
+nothing else, hope in nothing else: the world would indeed grind him
+to pieces; but cannot he fathom the Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly
+compute these, and mechanize them to grind the other way?
+
+"Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but
+to bid him open his eyes and look. In which country, in which time, was
+it hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+calculated or calculable 'Motives'? What make ye of your Christianities,
+and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+Terror? Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in _Love_?
+Did he never stand so much as a contested Election? Leave him to Time,
+and the medicating virtue of Nature."
+
+"Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might
+say, Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to
+lead us hellward. Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense
+but the implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of? Ever in the
+dullest existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness
+(thou partly hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in
+from the circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little
+islet of Time. The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou
+canst not make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving
+retina, healthy or diseased. Have not I myself known five hundred living
+soldiers sabred into crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which
+they called their Flag; which, had you sold it at any market-cross,
+would not have brought above three groschen? Did not the whole Hungarian
+Nation rise, like some tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser
+Joseph pocketed their Iron Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously
+observed, in size and commercial value little differing from a
+horse-shoe? It is in and through _Symbols_ that man, consciously or
+unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being: those ages, moreover,
+are accounted the noblest which can the best recognize symbolical worth,
+and prize it the highest. For is not a Symbol ever, to him who has eyes
+for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the Godlike?
+
+"Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only. What, for instance, was
+in that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign
+in their _Bauernkrieg_ (Peasants' War)? Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+which the Netherland _Gueux_, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+Intrinsic significance these had none: only extrinsic; as the accidental
+Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in
+which union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+borrowing of the Godlike. Under a like category, too, stand, or stood,
+the stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs: they
+have no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have
+acquired an extrinsic one. Nevertheless through all these there glimmers
+something of a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the
+Divine Idea of Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of
+Right. Nay the highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the
+Cross itself, had no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+
+"Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning,
+and is of itself _fit_ that men should unite round it. Let but the
+Godlike manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less
+visibly, through the Time-Figure (_Zeitbild_)! Then is it fit that men
+unite there; and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day to
+day, and from age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+
+"Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art: in them (if thou know a
+Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+through Time; the Godlike rendered visible. Here too may an extrinsic
+value gradually superadd itself: thus certain _Iliads_, and the like,
+have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance. But
+nobler than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men;
+for what other Work of Art is so divine? In Death too, in the Death of
+the Just, as the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern
+symbolic meaning? In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory,
+resting over the beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if
+thou canst for tears) the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some
+gleam of the latter peering through.
+
+"Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen
+into Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the
+Same: I mean religious Symbols. Various enough have been such religious
+Symbols, what we call _Religions_; as men stood in this stage of culture
+or the other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike: some
+Symbols with a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an extrinsic.
+If thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner, look
+on our divinest Symbol: on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his
+Biography, and what followed therefrom. Higher has the human Thought
+not yet reached: this is Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite
+perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be
+anew inquired into, and anew made manifest.
+
+"But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them;
+and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos has
+not ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like
+a receding Star. It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+know that it _was_ a Sun. So likewise a day comes when the Runic
+Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African
+Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished. For all things, even
+Celestial Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise,
+their culmination, their decline.
+
+"Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but
+a piece of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and
+truly, as Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.' A right Conjurer
+might I name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the
+divine virtue they once held.
+
+"Of this thing, however, be certain: wouldst thou plant for Eternity,
+then plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and
+Heart; wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding,
+what will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World
+will we call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can
+shape new Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such
+too will not always be wanting; neither perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as
+the average of matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can
+so much as tell when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+
+"When, as the last English Coronation [*] I was preparing," concludes this
+wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King,
+had brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+assistance,' I said to myself: Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters
+and rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if
+you shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+suffocation?"
+
+     * That of George IV.--ED.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE.
+
+At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting,
+to a certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled _Institute for the
+Repression of Population_; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag
+_Pisces_. Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire
+little; but of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand,
+which rather copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right
+place here.
+
+Into the Hofrath's _Institute_, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath;
+something like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms
+of Madness. Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there
+light; nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider
+and wider; a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by
+its too dense inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating
+one another. To make air for himself in which strangulation, choking
+enough to a benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found,
+this _Institute_ of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our
+Professor's comments thereon that we concern ourselves.
+
+First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical,
+has his own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and
+courtesies have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the
+blank cover of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly
+engrossed:--
+
+"Two men I honor, and no third. First, the toilworn Craftsman that
+with earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes
+her man's. Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein
+notwithstanding lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of
+the Sceptre of this Planet. Venerable too is the rugged face, all
+weather-tanned, besoiled, with its rude intelligence; for it is the face
+of a Man living manlike. Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness,
+and even because we must pity as well as love thee! Hardly-entreated
+Brother! For us was thy back so bent, for us were thy straight limbs and
+fingers so deformed: thou wert our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and
+fighting our battles wert so marred. For in thee too lay a god-created
+Form, but it was not to be unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the
+thick adhesions and defacements of Labor: and thy body, like thy soul,
+was not to know freedom. Yet toil on, toil on: _thou_ art in thy duty,
+be out of it who may; thou toilest for the altogether indispensable, for
+daily bread.
+
+"A second man I honor, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling
+for the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of
+Life. Is not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony;
+revealing this, by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors,
+be they high or low? Highest of all, when his outward and his inward
+endeavor are one: when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman
+only, but inspired Thinker, who with heaven-made Implement conquers
+Heaven for us! If the poor and humble toil that we have Food, must not
+the high and glorious toil for him in return, that he have Light, have
+Guidance, Freedom, Immortality?--These two, in all their degrees, I
+honor: all else is chaff and dust, which let the wind blow whither it
+listeth.
+
+"Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+toiling inwardly for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with. Such a one
+will take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of
+Heaven spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light
+shining in great darkness."
+
+And again: "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor:
+we must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is
+worse; no faithful workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry
+and athirst; but for him also there is food and drink: he is heavy-laden
+and weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest;
+in his smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do mourn over is, that
+the lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of
+earthly knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness,
+like two spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company. Alas, while
+the Body stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed,
+stupefied, almost annihilated! Alas, was this too a Breath of God;
+bestowed in Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!--That there
+should one Man die ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call
+a tragedy, were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by
+some computations it does. The miserable fraction of Science which our
+united Mankind, in a wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is
+not this, with all diligence, imparted to all?"
+
+Quite in an opposite strain is the following: "The old Spartans had a
+wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+spitted them, when they grew too numerous. With our improved fashions
+of hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and
+standing armies, how much easier were such a hunt! Perhaps in the most
+thickly peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot
+all the able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year. Let
+Governments think of this. The expense were trifling: nay the very
+carcasses would pay it. Have them salted and barrelled; could not you
+victual therewith, if not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers,
+in workhouses and elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of
+them, might see good to keep alive?"
+
+"And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong. A
+full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high
+as two hundred Friedrichs d'or: such is his worth to the world. A
+full-formed Man is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world
+could afford him a round sum would he simply engage to go and hang
+himself. Nevertheless, which of the two was the more cunningly devised
+article, even as an Engine? Good Heavens! A white European Man, standing
+on his two Legs, with his two five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones,
+and miraculous Head on his shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty
+to a hundred Horses!"
+
+"True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere: "too crowded
+indeed! Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more? How thick
+stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round
+ancient Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the
+Altaic chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey,
+Crim Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare? One man, in one year, as I have
+understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses
+of indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe
+and war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare? Where are
+they?--Preserving their Game!"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX.
+
+Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these
+Writings of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for
+conclusion, that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society,
+properly so called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the
+gregarious feelings, and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold
+us from Dispersion, and universal national, civil, domestic and personal
+war! He says expressly: "For the last three centuries, above all for the
+last three quarters of a century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue
+(as we named it) of Religion, where lies the Life-essence of Society,
+has been smote at and perforated, needfully and needlessly; till now
+it is quite rent into shreds; and Society, long pining, diabetic,
+consumptive, can be regarded as defunct; for those spasmodic, galvanic
+sprawlings are not life; neither indeed will they endure, galvanize as
+you may, beyond two days."
+
+"Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only
+of a common over-crowded Lodging-house? Where each, isolated, regardless
+of his neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get,
+and cries 'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and
+cut-throat Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort,
+can be employed? Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible
+tradition; and your holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern
+Dinner, with Cook for Evangelist? Where your Priest has no tongue but
+for plate-licking: and your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but
+on all hands hear it passionately proclaimed: _Laissez faire_; Leave us
+alone of _your_ guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you
+your wages, and sleep!
+
+"Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere
+that saddest spectacle: The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly,
+of Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth. The Highest in rank, at length,
+without honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor,
+as from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill. Once-sacred
+Symbols fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the
+expense; a World becoming dismantled: in one word, the STATE fallen
+speechless, from obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a
+Police-Office, straitened to get its pay!"
+
+We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical
+men in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or
+is it only from the mystic elevation of a German _Wahngasse_ that
+such wonders are visible? Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a
+"deceased or expiring Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs
+may read. "What, for example," says he, "is the universally arrogated
+Virtue, almost the sole remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days?
+For some half-century, it has been the thing you name 'Independence.'
+Suspicion of 'Servility,' of reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech
+is anxious to disavow. Fools! Were your Superiors worthy to govern,
+and you worthy to obey, reverence for them were even your only possible
+freedom. Independence, in all kinds, is rebellion; if unjust rebellion,
+why parade it, and everywhere prescribe it?"
+
+But what then? Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+Nature? "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what
+can follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching
+with its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile,
+where, amid wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most,
+the venerable Corpse is to be burnt. Or, in plain words, that these men,
+Liberals, Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately
+carry their point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions
+of Society, seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+
+"Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament
+come to light even in insulated England? A living nucleus, that will
+attract and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious
+phasis; properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear
+of the others as to fancy itself the van. Our European Mechanizers are a
+sect of boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit: has
+not Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among
+ourselves, and in every European country, at some time or other, within
+the last fifty years? If now in all countries, except perhaps England,
+it has ceased to flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk
+to Journalists and the popular mass,--who sees not that, as hereby it no
+longer preaches, so the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is
+in full universal Action, the doctrine everywhere known, and
+enthusiastically laid to heart? The fit pabulum, in these times, for
+a certain rugged workshop intellect and heart, nowise without their
+corresponding workshop strength and ferocity, it requires but to be
+stated in such scenes to make proselytes enough.--Admirably calculated
+for destroying, only not for rebuilding! It spreads like a sort of
+Dog-madness; till the whole World-kennel will be rabid: then woe to
+the Huntsmen, with or without their whips! They should have given the
+quadrupeds water," adds he; "the water, namely, of Knowledge and of
+Life, while it was yet time."
+
+Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour
+in a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! "The World,"
+says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and
+waste, which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker
+combustion, as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the
+past Forms of Society; replace them with what it may. For the present,
+it is contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once
+_divested_, these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt;
+but the sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish
+watch-coat for the defence of the Body only!"--This, we think, is but
+Job's-news to the humane reader.
+
+"Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there
+that can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit
+of the Time: Turn back, I command thee?--Wiser were it that we yielded
+to the Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+
+Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded
+to this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat
+waiting the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference,
+if not even Placidity? Did we not hear him complain that the World was
+a "huge Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining
+down everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him? What with
+those "unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven _sic vos non vobis_
+pressure and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in
+existing things; what with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles
+and spiders, yet glaring out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a
+ghastly affectation of life,"--we feel entitled to conclude him even
+willing that much should be thrown to the Devil, so it were but done
+gently! Safe himself in that "Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would
+consent, with a tragic solemnity, that the monster UTILITARIA, held
+back, indeed, and moderated by nose-rings, halters, foot-shackles,
+and every conceivable modification of rope, should go forth to do her
+work;--to tread down old ruinous Palaces and Temples with her broad
+hoof, till the whole were trodden down, that new and better might be
+built! Remarkable in this point of view are the following sentences.
+
+"Society," says he, "is not dead: that Carcass, which you call dead
+Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume
+a nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer
+and fairer development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity.
+Wheresoever two or three Living Men are gathered together, there is
+Society; or there it will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous
+structures, overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to
+Heaven and downwards to Gehenna: for always, under one or the other
+figure, it has two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the
+Pulpit, namely, and the Gallows."
+
+Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+weaving for herself new Vestures;"--Teufelsdrockh himself being one
+of the loom-treadles? Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange
+aphorism of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be
+said: "_L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le
+passe, est devant nous_; The golden age, which a blind tradition has
+hitherto placed in the Past, is Before us."--But listen again:--
+
+"When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+flying! Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+consumed there. Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will
+get singed.
+
+"For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+completed, you need not ask. The law of Perseverance is among the
+deepest in man: by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his
+old house till it has actually fallen about his ears. Thus have I seen
+Solemnities linger as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to
+the extent of three hundred years and more after all life and sacredness
+had evaporated out of them. And then, finally, what time the
+Phoenix Death-Birth itself will require, depends on unseen
+contingencies.--Meanwhile, would Destiny offer Mankind, that after, say
+two centuries of convulsion and conflagration, more or less vivid, the
+fire-creation should be accomplished, and we to find ourselves again
+in a Living Society, and no longer fighting but working,--were it not
+perhaps prudent in Mankind to strike the bargain?"
+
+Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be
+deliberately burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the
+faith that she is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one
+will rise out of her ashes! We ourselves, restricted to the duty of
+Indicator, shall forbear commentary. Meanwhile, will not the judicious
+reader shake his head, and reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in
+anger, say or think: From a _Doctor utriusque Juris_, titular Professor
+in a University, and man to whom hitherto, for his services, Society,
+bad as she is, has given not only food and raiment (of a kind),
+but books, tobacco and gukguk, we expected more gratitude to his
+benefactress; and less of a blind trust in the future which resembles
+that rather of a philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast, than of a solid
+householder paying scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES.
+
+As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in
+practice probably the politest man extant: his whole heart and life are
+penetrated and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural
+Courtesy shines through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight,
+making a rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds;
+nay brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the
+crucible of an alchemist. Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he
+expresses himself on this head:--
+
+"Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich? In
+Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as
+it gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully
+insists on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth
+or birth: but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due
+from all men towards all men. Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his
+post, and worth anything when there, this, with so much else, would be
+reformed. Nay, each man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till
+at length a rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with,
+than a Peasant unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not
+that the clod he broke was created in Heaven.
+
+"For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE;
+is not this thy brother ALIVE? 'There is but one temple in the world,'
+says Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man. Nothing is holier
+than this high Form. Bending before men is a reverence done to this
+Revelation in the Flesh. We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a
+human Body.'
+
+"On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and
+whereas the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with
+a shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no
+hat whatever. Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+Impersonation of the Divinity? And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+serves not. For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity;
+and too often the bow is but pocketed by the _former_. It would go to
+the pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in
+these times); therefore must we withhold it.
+
+"The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells
+and outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer
+lodges, but only the pure emblem and effigies of Man: I mean, to Empty,
+or even to Cast Clothes. Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do
+reverence: to the fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling
+animal with bandy legs' which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of? Who
+ever saw any Lord my-lorded in tattered blanket fastened with wooden
+skewer? Nevertheless, I say, there is in such worship a shade
+of hypocrisy, a practical deception: for how often does the Body
+appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only! Whoso would avoid
+falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps see good
+to take a different course. That reverence which cannot act without
+obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have free
+course when they are empty. Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the Pagoda
+is not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow cloth
+Garment with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man: nay, with more,
+for I now fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+
+"Did not King _Toomtabard_, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign long
+over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the 'Toom
+Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining? What still dignity dwells in a suit
+of Cast Clothes! How meekly it bears its honors! No haughty looks,
+no scornful gesture: silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it. The Hat still carries
+the physiognomy of its Head: but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone. The Coat-arm is
+stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat
+hides no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells
+not in it. Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the
+carking cares and foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its
+Clothes-horse; as, on a Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified
+Apparition, visiting our low Earth.
+
+"Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized
+Life, the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny,
+under that ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan
+broth; and was one lone soul amid those grinding millions;--often have I
+turned into their Old-Clothes Market to worship. With awe-struck heart
+I walk through that Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a
+Sanhedrim of stainless Ghosts. Silent are they, but expressive in their
+silence: the past witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions,
+Virtues, Crimes, and all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the
+Prison men call Life.' Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom
+Old Clothes are not venerable. Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded
+Jewish High-priest, who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom,
+summons them from the four winds! On his head, like the Pope, he has
+three Hats,--a real triple tiara; on either hand are the similitude of
+wings, whereon the summoned Garments come to alight; and ever, as
+he slowly cleaves the air, sounds forth his deep fateful note, as
+if through a trumpet he were proclaiming: 'Ghosts of Life, come to
+Judgment!' Reck not, ye fluttering Ghosts: he will purify you in his
+Purgatory, with fire and with water; and, one day, new-created ye shall
+reappear. Oh, let him in whom the flame of Devotion is ready to go
+out, who has never worshipped, and knows not what to worship, pace and
+repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of Monmouth Street, and say
+whether his heart and his eyes still continue dry. If Field Lane, with
+its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs, be a Dionysius' Ear,
+where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the Indictment which Poverty
+and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has left them there cast
+out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the Devil,--then is
+Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley vision, the whole
+Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its wail and
+jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and gallows-ropes,
+farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,--the Bedlam of Creation!"
+
+
+To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged.
+We too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+"Devotion:" probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in
+that Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves
+to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be
+allowed to linger there without molestation.--Something we would have
+given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and
+loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in
+austerest thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic
+avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life"
+rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh,
+that listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum
+hearest the grass grow!
+
+At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents
+destined for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic
+diary of this his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among
+the Clothes-shops only the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in
+conversation (for, indeed, he was not a man to pester you with his
+Travels), have we heard him more than allude to the subject.
+
+For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+Clothes-Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his
+soul,--as in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a
+Universe!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+
+For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself,
+and burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a
+handsome bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries,"
+there seems to lie but an ashy prospect. Not altogether so, however,
+does the Professor figure it. "In the living subject," says he, "change
+is wont to be gradual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the
+new is already formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning of a
+World-Phoenix, who fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a
+dead cinereous heap; and therefrom the young one start up by miracle,
+and fly heavenward. Far otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and
+Destruction proceed together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown
+about, do organic filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves: and
+amid the rushing and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of
+a melodious Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious
+Birth-song. Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and
+thou wilt see." Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who
+cannot expect to live two centuries, those same organic filaments,
+mysteriously spinning themselves, will be the best part of the
+spectacle. First, therefore, this of Mankind in general:--
+
+"In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother. Thy
+very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in
+thy splenetic humor: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I
+a Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not
+thou! I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+
+"Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like
+to choose it. More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts:
+'Wert thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+imaginable Glass bell,--what a thing it were, not for thyself only, but
+for the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds,
+impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread: neither from
+within comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts
+fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing
+hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that,
+taking and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there
+has a Hole fallen out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which
+must be darned up again!'
+
+"Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages,
+paper and other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are
+a blood-circulation, visible to the eye: but the finer nervous
+circulation, by which all things, the minutest that he does, minutely
+influence all men, and the very look of his face blesses or curses
+whomso it lights on, and so generates ever new blessing or new cursing:
+all this you cannot see, but only imagine. I say, there is not a red
+Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg, can quarrel with his squaw, but the
+whole world must smart for it: will not the price of beaver rise? It is
+a mathematical fact that the casting of this pebble from my hand alters
+the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+
+"If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+indissolubly does generation with generation. Hast thou ever meditated
+on that word, Tradition: how we inherit not Life only, but all the
+garniture and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and
+feel, as our Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning,
+have given it us?--Who printed thee, for example, this unpretending
+Volume on the Philosophy of Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and
+Company; but Cadmus of Thebes, Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others
+whom thou knowest not. Had there been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there
+had been no English Shakspeare, or a different one. Simpleton! It was
+Tubal-cain that made thy very Tailor's needle, and sewed that court-suit
+of thine.
+
+"Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more
+is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which
+Nature were not. As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual
+Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those
+main currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions,
+Polities, Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand
+and know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator
+thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou
+wilt transmit it to the whole Future. It is thus that the heroic heart,
+the seeing eye of the first times, still feels and sees in us of the
+latest; that the Wise Man stands ever encompassed, and spiritually
+embraced, by a cloud of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living,
+literal _Communion of Saints_, wide as the World itself, and as the
+History of the World.
+
+"Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same
+Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations. Generations
+are as the Days of toilsome Mankind: Death and Birth are the vesper and
+the matin bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for
+new advancement. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy;
+but has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and
+roll onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but
+ever completing. Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there
+is also a fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still
+higher points of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time,
+followed by an Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction,
+as this also is from time to time a necessary work, thou findest a like
+sequence and perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand
+by that burning of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at
+the glimmering ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I
+note, the English Whig has, in the second generation, become an English
+Radical; who, in the third again, it is to be hoped, will become an
+English Rebuilder. Find Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in
+living movement, in progress faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft,
+hovers with outstretched wings, filling Earth with her music; or, as
+now, she sinks, and with spheral swan-song immolates herself in flame,
+that she may soar the higher and sing the clearer."
+
+Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this
+to heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin
+another passage, concerning Titles:--
+
+"Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles
+of Honor come hitherto from Fighting. Your _Herzog_ (Duke, _Dux_) is
+Leader of Armies; your Earl (_Jarl_) is Strong Man; your Marshal cavalry
+Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having from of
+old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more indubitable,
+may it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will cease to be
+palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?
+
+"The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of
+King. _Konig_ (King), anciently _Konning_, means Ken-ning (Cunning), or
+which is the same thing, Can-ning. Ever must the Sovereign of Mankind be
+fitly entitled King."
+
+"Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians: a King
+rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+will never give it him. Can I choose my own King? I can choose my own
+King Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he who
+is to be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen
+for me in Heaven. Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen
+is Freedom so much as conceivable."
+
+
+The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with
+our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict
+of Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle
+for the Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable
+Constitution kept warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves
+in this spectral Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the
+Unborn, where the Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film
+dividing the Past and the Future? In those dim long-drawn expanses, all
+is so immeasurable; much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and
+straggling light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with
+such an indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the
+inevitably coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant
+by centuries or only by days), does he sit;--and live, you would say,
+rather in any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to
+announce, or repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep,
+silent, slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with
+shuddering admiration.
+
+Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: "Satisfy yourselves,"
+he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing
+or will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and
+so vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically
+hatched and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or
+at worst, in some other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or
+Steam-mechanism. It were a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of
+manufacture witnessed hitherto." Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the
+British constitution, even slightly?--He says, under another figure:
+"But after all, were the problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To
+rebuild your old House from the top downwards (since you must live in
+it the while), what better, what other, than the Representative Machine
+will serve your turn? Meanwhile, however, mock me not with the name
+of Free, 'when you have but knit up my chains into ornamental
+festoons.'"--Or what will any member of the Peace Society make of such
+an assertion as this: "The lower people everywhere desire War. Not so
+unwisely; there is then a demand for lower people--to be shot!"
+
+Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths
+of speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions. Here, looking
+round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+touching "Hero-worship," be of the number? It seems of a cheerful
+character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how
+little, may lie under it. Our readers shall look with their own eyes:--
+
+"True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+obey. True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less
+bear rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of
+nothing, the equal of nothing. Nevertheless, believe not that man has
+lost his faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone
+dead. Painful for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has
+become inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he
+feel safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel
+himself exalted.
+
+"Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this: that
+man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen
+into perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+
+"Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey. Before no faintest
+revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all,
+when the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man. Thus is there
+a true religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all
+ages, even in ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox
+_Hero-worship_. In which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed,
+and will forever exist, universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern
+the corner-stone of living rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest
+time may stand secure."
+
+Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+Teufelsdrockh, is looking at? He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+and Voltaire? How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a
+smile from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair
+beneath his feet! All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though
+their Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+
+"But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what
+will be done in the green? If, in the most parched season of Man's
+History, in the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was
+at best but a scientific _Hortus Siccus_, bedizened with some Italian
+Gumflowers, such virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for
+when Life again waves leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall
+have nothing apelike, but be wholly human? Know that there is in man a
+quite indestructible Reverence for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even
+plausibly counterfeits such holding. Show the dullest clodpoll, show
+the haughtiest featherhead, that a soul higher than himself is actually
+here; were his knees stiffened into brass, he must down and worship."
+
+Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:--
+
+"There is no Church, sayest thou? The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+This is even what I dispute: but in any case, hast thou not still
+Preaching enough? A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village;
+and builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper. Therefrom he preaches
+what most momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost
+not thou listen, and believe? Look well, thou seest everywhere a
+new Clergy of the Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost
+bare-backed, fashion itself into shape, and teach and preach, zealously
+enough, for copper alms and the love of God. These break in pieces
+the ancient idols; and, though themselves too often reprobate, as
+idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out the sites of new Churches,
+where the true God-ordained, that are to follow, may find audience, and
+minister. Said I not, Before the old skin was shed, the new had formed
+itself beneath it?"
+
+Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+ravelled sleeve:--
+
+"But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor. "Fool! I tell
+thee, there is. Hast thou well considered all that lies in this
+immeasurable froth-ocean we name LITERATURE? Fragments of a genuine
+Church-_Homiletic_ lie scattered there, which Time will assort: nay
+fractions even of a _Liturgy_ could I point out. And knowest thou no
+Prophet, even in the vesture, environment, and dialect of this age? None
+to whom the Godlike had revealed itself, through all meanest and highest
+forms of the Common; and by him been again prophetically revealed: in
+whose inspired melody, even in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days,
+Man's Life again begins, were it but afar off, to be divine? Knowest
+thou none such? I know him, and name him--Goethe.
+
+"But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people
+perish? Be of comfort! Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith. Spake we
+not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and
+brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic Sufferings
+rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all
+times, as a sacred _Miserere_; their heroic Actions also, as a boundless
+everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no Symbol
+of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is not
+Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a perpetual
+Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old, hear the
+Morning Stars sing together."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+
+It is in his stupendous Section, headed _Natural Supernaturalism_, that
+the Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as
+we have witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof. Phantasms
+enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of
+Imperial Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not: yet still did he
+courageously pierce through. Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round
+him, perplexing and bewildering: but with these also he now resolutely
+grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder. In a word, he has
+looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly
+hulls and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision,
+the interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+
+Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains
+to Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us
+safe into the promised land, where _Palingenesia_, in all senses, may be
+considered as beginning. "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with
+better right than Diogenes the First once did. This stupendous Section
+we, after long painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible;
+but, on the contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating.
+Let the reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect
+is in him, do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment,
+shall study to do ours:--
+
+"Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly
+begins the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine. Meanwhile,
+the question of questions were: What specially is a Miracle? To that
+Dutch King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried
+with him an air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a
+miracle. To my Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific,
+do not I work a miracle, and magical '_Open sesame_!_'_ every time I
+please to pay twopence, and open for him an impassable _Schlagbaum_, or
+shut Turnpike?
+
+"'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?'
+ask several. Whom I answer by this new question: What are the Laws of
+Nature? To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation
+of these Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first
+penetrated into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been,
+brought to bear on us with its Material Force.
+
+"Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment: On what ground
+shall one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore
+he can teach Religion? To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such
+declaration were inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the
+First Century, was full of meaning.
+
+"'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries
+an illuminated class: 'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move
+by unalterable rules?' Probable enough, good friends: nay I, too, must
+believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that
+Nature, that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be
+prevented from calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable
+rules. And now of you, too, I make the old inquiry: What those same
+unalterable rules, forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may
+possibly be?
+
+"They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+records of Man's Experience?--Was Man with his Experience present at the
+Creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any deepest scientific
+individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and
+gauged everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that
+they read His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say,
+This stands marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise!
+These scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are;
+have seen some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is
+infinite, without bottom as without shore.
+
+"Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in
+a course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+succeeded in detecting,--is to me as precious as to another. But is this
+what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the World;'
+this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen
+thousand Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons,
+and inert Balls, had been--looked at, nick-named, and marked in the
+Zodiacal Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their
+How, their Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+
+"System of Nature! To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+remains of quite _infinite_ depth, of quite infinite expansion; and
+all Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+measured square-miles. The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us: but who knows what
+deeper courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes)
+our little Epicycle revolves on? To the Minnow every cranny and pebble,
+and quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become
+familiar: but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic
+Currents, the Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all
+which the condition of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time
+to time (unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed? Such a
+minnow is Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable
+All; his Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of
+Providence through AEons of AEons.
+
+"We speak of the Volume of Nature: and truly a Volume it is,--whose
+Author and Writer is God. To read it! Dost thou, does man, so much as
+well know the Alphabet thereof? With its Words, Sentences, and grand
+descriptive Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar
+Systems, and Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee. It is a Volume
+written in celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which
+even Prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.
+As for your Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely;
+and, from amid the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic
+writing, pick out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar
+Character, and therefrom put together this and the other economic
+Recipe, of high avail in Practice. That Nature is more than some
+boundless Volume of such Recipes, or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible
+Domestic-Cookery Book, of which the whole secret will in this manner one
+day evolve itself, the fewest dream.
+
+"Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all.
+Consider well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers;
+and weaves air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby
+indeed these dwell with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our
+houses and workshops; but their spiritual nature becomes, to the most,
+forever hidden. Philosophy complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from
+the first; that we do everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that
+our very Axioms, let us boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest
+simply such Beliefs as we have never heard questioned. Nay, what
+is Philosophy throughout but a continual battle against Custom; an
+ever-renewed effort to _transcend_ the sphere of blind Custom, and so
+become Transcendental?
+
+"Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom: but of
+all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous. True, it is
+by this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder: and herein
+is Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit. But she
+is a fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when,
+in our resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception. Am I
+to view the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen
+it twice, or two hundred, or two million times? There is no reason in
+Nature or in Art why I should: unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine,
+for whom the divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial
+gift of Steam is to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be
+spun, and money and money's worth realized.
+
+"Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+Garments. Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology,
+we have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves. Seldom reflecting
+that still the new question comes upon us: What is Madness, what are
+Nerves? Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific,
+altogether _infernal_ boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through
+this fair-painted Vision of Creation, which swims thereon, which we name
+the Real. Was Luther's Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it
+were formed within the bodily eye, or without it? In every the wisest
+Soul lies a whole world of internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire;
+out of which, indeed, his world of Wisdom has been creatively built
+together, and now rests there, as on its dark foundations does a
+habitable flowery Earth rind.
+
+"But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+SPACE and TIME. These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth
+itself, to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind
+it,--lie all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof,
+whereby all minor Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint
+themselves. In vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip
+them off; you can, at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look
+through.
+
+"Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+Anywhere, behold he was There. By this means had Fortunatus triumphed
+over Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but
+all was Here. Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world
+we should have of it! Still stranger, should, on the opposite side
+of the street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his
+fellow-craftsman made Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating!
+Of both would I purchase, were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of
+this latter. To clap on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were
+Anywhere, straightway to be _There_! Next to clap on your other felt,
+and, simply by wishing that you were _Anywhen_, straightway to be
+_Then_! This were indeed the grander: shooting at will from the
+Fire-Creation of the World to its Fire-Consummation; here historically
+present in the First Century, conversing face to face with Paul and
+Seneca; there prophetically in the Thirty-first, conversing also face to
+face with other Pauls and Senecas, who as yet stand hidden in the depth
+of that late Time!
+
+"Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable? Is the Past
+annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only
+future? Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already
+answer: already through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded
+summonest both Past and Future, and communest with them, though as yet
+darkly, and with mute beckonings. The curtains of Yesterday drop down,
+the curtains of To-morrow roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both
+_are_. Pierce through the Time-element, glance into the Eternal. Believe
+what thou findest written in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all
+Thinkers, in all ages, have devoutly read it there: that Time and Space
+are not God, but creations of God; that with God as it is a universal
+HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+
+"And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?--O Heaven! Is the
+white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+journeyed on alone,--but a pale spectral Illusion! Is the lost Friend
+still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with
+God!--know of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are
+perishable; that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and
+whatever will be, is even now and forever. This, should it unhappily
+seem new, thou mayest ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years,
+or the next twenty centuries: believe it thou must; understand it thou
+canst not.
+
+"That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are
+sent into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole
+Practical reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings,
+seems altogether fit, just, and unavoidable. But that they should,
+furthermore, usurp such sway over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind
+us to the wonder everywhere lying close on us, seems nowise so. Admit
+Space and Time to their due rank as Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou
+wilt, to their quite undue rank of Realities: and consider, then,
+with thyself how their thin disguises hide from us the brightest
+God-effulgences! Thus, were it not miraculous, could I stretch forth my
+hand and clutch the Sun? Yet thou seest me daily stretch forth my hand
+and therewith clutch many a thing, and swing it hither and thither.
+Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy that the Miracle lies in miles of
+distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of weight; and not to see that the
+true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle lies in this, that I can stretch
+forth my hand at all; that I have free Force to clutch aught therewith?
+Innumerable other of this sort are the deceptions, and wonder-hiding
+stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+
+"Still worse is it with regard to Time. Your grand anti-magician,
+and universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time. Had we but the
+Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves
+in a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and
+feats of Magic, were outdone. But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and
+man, poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without
+one.
+
+"Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre? Yet tell me, Who built
+these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+dance along from the _Steinbruch_ (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and
+Ionic pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets? Was it not
+the still higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the
+divine Music of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man? Our highest Orpheus
+walked in Judea, eighteen hundred years ago: his sphere-melody, flowing
+in wild native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and,
+being of a truth sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now
+with thousand-fold accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our
+hearts; and modulates, and divinely leads them. Is that a wonder, which
+happens in two hours; and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in
+two million? Not only was Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but
+without the music of some inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no
+work that man glories in ever done.
+
+"Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from
+the near moving-cause to its far distant Mover: The stroke that came
+transmitted through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a
+stroke than if the last ball only had been struck, and sent flying? Oh,
+could I (with the Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from
+the Beginnings, to the Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy
+heart set flaming in the Light-sea of celestial wonder! Then sawest thou
+that this fair Universe, were it in the meanest province thereof, is in
+very deed the star-domed City of God; that through every star, through
+every grass-blade, and most through every Living Soul, the glory of a
+present God still beams. But Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God,
+and reveals Him to the wise, hides Him from the foolish.
+
+"Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic
+Ghost? The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could
+not, though he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and
+tapped on coffins. Foolish Doctor! Did he never, with the mind's eye
+as well as with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human
+Life he so loved; did he never so much as look into Himself? The
+good Doctor was a Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish;
+well-nigh a million of Ghosts were travelling the streets by his
+side. Once more I say, sweep away the illusion of Time; compress the
+threescore years into three minutes: what else was he, what else are we?
+Are we not Spirits, that are shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and
+that fade away again into air and Invisibility? This is no metaphor, it
+is a simple scientific _fact_: we start out of Nothingness, take
+figure, and are Apparitions; round us, as round the veriest spectre, is
+Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as years and aeons. Come there not
+tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial harp-strings, like the Song
+of beatified Souls? And again, do not we squeak and gibber (in our
+discordant, screech-owlish debatings and recriminatings); and glide
+bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar (_poltern_), and revel in
+our mad Dance of the Dead,--till the scent of the morning air summons us
+to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake and Day? Where now
+is Alexander of Macedon: does the steel Host, that yelled in fierce
+battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or have they all
+vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must? Napoleon too, and
+his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns! Was it all other than the
+veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that made
+Night hideous, flitted away?--Ghosts! There are nigh a thousand million
+walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have vanished
+from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks once.
+
+"O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only
+carry each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts!
+These Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with
+its burning Passion? They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered
+round our ME: wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence
+is to be revealed in the Flesh. That warrior on his strong war-horse,
+fire flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart: but
+warrior and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more.
+Stately they tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance: fool! the
+Earth is but a film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink
+beyond plummet's sounding. Plummet's? Fantasy herself will not follow
+them. A little while ago, they were not; a little while, and they are
+not, their very ashes are not.
+
+"So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end. Generation
+after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing
+from Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS. What Force and
+Fire is in each he expends: one grinding in the mill of Industry; one
+hunter-like climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly
+dashed in pieces on the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:--and
+then the Heaven-sent is recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away,
+and soon even to Sense becomes a vanished Shadow. Thus, like some
+wild-flaming, wild-thundering train of Heaven's Artillery, does this
+mysterious MANKIND thunder and flame, in long-drawn, quick-succeeding
+grandeur, through the unknown Deep. Thus, like a God-created,
+fire-breathing Spirit-host, we emerge from the Inane; haste stormfully
+across the astonished Earth; then plunge again into the Inane. Earth's
+mountains are levelled, and her seas filled up, in our passage: can the
+Earth, which is but dead and a vision, resist Spirits which have reality
+and are alive? On the hardest adamant some footprint of us is stamped
+in; the last Rear of the host will read traces of the earliest Van. But
+whence?--O Heaven whither? Sense knows not; Faith knows not; only that
+it is through Mystery to Mystery, from God and to God.
+
+                        'We _are such stuff_
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+
+Here, then, arises the so momentous question: Have many British Readers
+actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy
+of Clothes now at last opening around them? Long and adventurous has the
+journey been: from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+themselves! And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+divided from what is unchangeable? Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in
+_Faust_,--
+
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+
+or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician,
+Shakespeare,--
+
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+
+begin to have some meaning for us? In a word, do we at length stand
+safe in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that
+Phoenix Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears
+possible, is seen to be inevitable?
+
+Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor,
+by Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope,
+that many have travelled without accident. No firm arch, overspanning
+the Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only,
+as was said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon.
+Alas, and the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck
+character; the darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+
+Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage,
+in spite of all? Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+courage. By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout;
+the hand can stretch itself forth to work there: it is in this grand and
+indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according
+to ability. New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built;
+nay, may not our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and
+repassings, be mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable
+even for the halt?
+
+Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous
+and full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no
+longer by our side? The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar
+off, in unsympathetic astonishment, at our career: not a few, pressing
+forward with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now
+swim weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards
+that. To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some
+word of encouragement be said.
+
+Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance
+Teufelsdrockh unhappily has somewhat infected us,--can it be hidden from
+the Editor that many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in
+head, and afflicted rather than instructed by the present Work?
+Yes, long ago has many a British Reader been, as now, demanding with
+something like a snarl: Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in
+it?
+
+In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in
+it; but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat. Nevertheless,
+if through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means
+of him, have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the
+Clothes-Screen, as through a magical _Pierre-Pertuis_, thou lookest,
+even for moments, into the region of the Wonderful, and seest and
+feelest that thy daily life is girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder,
+and thy very blankets and breeches are Miracles,--then art thou profited
+beyond money's worth; and hast a thankfulness towards our Professor;
+nay, perhaps in many a literary Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and
+audibly express that same.
+
+Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes;
+and thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh
+cutting into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness
+of Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly
+a Vesture and Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are
+articles of wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)? In which case,
+must it not also be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one,
+and may with infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit:
+that it takes scientific rank beside Codification, and Political
+Economy, and the Theory of the British Constitution; nay rather,
+from its prophetic height looks down on all these, as on so many
+weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where the Vestures which _it_ has
+to fashion, and consecrate, and distribute, are, too often by haggard
+hungry operatives who see no farther than their nose, mechanically woven
+and spun?
+
+But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural
+Supernaturalism, and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or
+Transcendental portion of the Science, or bears never so remotely on
+that promised Volume of the _Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft_
+(Newbirth of Society),--we humbly suggest that no province of
+Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is without its direct value,
+but that innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn
+therefrom. To say nothing of those pregnant considerations, ethical,
+political, symbolical, which crowd on the Clothes-Philosopher from the
+very threshold of his Science; nothing even of those "architectural
+ideas," which, as we have seen, lurk at the bottom of all Modes,
+and will one day, better unfolding themselves, lead to important
+revolutions,--let us glance for a moment, and with the faintest light
+of Clothes-Philosophy, on what may be called the Habilatory Class of our
+fellow-men. Here too overlooking, where so much were to be looked on,
+the million spinners, weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers,
+that puddle and muddle in their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and
+die that we may live,--let us but turn the reader's attention upon
+two small divisions of mankind, who, like moths, may be regarded as
+Cloth-animals, creatures that live, move and have their being in Cloth:
+we mean, Dandies and Tailors.
+
+In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without
+scruple, that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at
+fault; and even that the dictates of humanity are violated. As will
+perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+
+First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific
+strictness, what a Dandy specially is. A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing
+Man, a Man whose trade, office and existence consists in the wearing
+of Clothes. Every faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is
+heroically consecrated to this one object, the wearing of Clothes
+wisely and well: so that as others dress to live, he lives to dress.
+The all-importance of Clothes, which a German Professor, of unequalled
+learning and acumen, writes his enormous Volume to demonstrate, has
+sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without effort, like an
+instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of Cloth. What
+Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with him; and
+this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or wring his
+heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+
+But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea
+an Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a
+witness and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes. We called him
+a Poet: is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes,
+with cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow? Say,
+rather, an Epos, and _Clotha Virumque cano_, to the whole world, in
+Macaronic verses, which he that runs may read. Nay, if you grant, what
+seems to be admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in
+him, and some notions of Time and Space, is there not in this
+life-devotedness to Cloth, in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal
+to the Perishable, something (though in reverse order) of that blending
+and identification of Eternity with Time, which, as we have seen,
+constitutes the Prophetic character?
+
+And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+what is it that the Dandy asks in return? Solely, we may say, that you
+would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays
+of light. Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has
+already secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes.
+Understand his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret
+it; do but look at him, and he is contented. May we not well cry shame
+on an ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will
+waste its optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and
+over the domestic wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with
+hasty indifference, and a scarcely concealed contempt! Him no Zoologist
+classes among the Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care: when did we
+see any injected Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen
+of him preserved in spirits! Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a
+snuff-brown suit, with snuff-brown shirt and shoes: it skills not; the
+undiscerning public, occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless
+on the other side.
+
+The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly
+speaking, gone. Yet perhaps only gone to sleep: for here arises the
+Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and
+the other! Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the
+essential nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that
+lies in him, cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable
+hallucination. The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh
+may set the matter, if not in its true light, yet in the way towards
+such. It is to be regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere,
+the Professor's keen philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a
+certain mixture of almost owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse,
+ineffectual, ironic tendency; our readers shall judge which:--
+
+
+"In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good
+men, looking and longing and silently working there towards some new
+Revelation; or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied
+soul seeking its terrestrial organization,--into how many strange
+shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and
+errantly cast itself! The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the
+while without Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly
+active, and work blindly in the great chaotic deep: thus Sect after
+Sect, and Church after Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into
+new metamorphosis.
+
+"Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements
+(of Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and
+monstrosities are best generated. Among the newer Sects of that country,
+one of the most notable, and closely connected with our present subject,
+is that of the _Dandies_; concerning which, what little information I
+have been able to procure may fitly stand here.
+
+"It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps
+rather a Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the
+psychologic eye its devotional and even sacrificial character
+plainly enough reveals itself. Whether it belongs to the class of
+Fetish-worships, or of Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other
+class, may in the present state of our intelligence remain undecided
+(_schweben_). A certain touch of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic
+shape, is discernible enough; also (for human Error walks in a cycle,
+and reappears at intervals) a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that
+Superstition of the Athos Monks, who by fasting from all nourishment,
+and looking intensely for a length of time into their own navels, came
+to discern therein the true Apocalypse of Nature, and Heaven Unveiled.
+To my own surmise, it appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new
+modification, adapted to the new time, of that primeval Superstition,
+_Self-worship_; which Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee, Mahomet, and others,
+strove rather to subordinate and restrain than to eradicate; and which
+only in the purer forms of Religion has been altogether rejected.
+Wherefore, if any one chooses to name it revived Ahrimanism, or a new
+figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so far as is yet visible, no objection.
+
+"For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect,
+display courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's
+nature, though never so enslaved. They affect great purity and
+separatism; distinguish themselves by a particular costume (whereof some
+notices were given in the earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so
+far as possible, by a particular speech (apparently some broken
+_Lingua-franca_, or English-French); and, on the whole, strive to
+maintain a true Nazarene deportment, and keep themselves unspotted from
+the world.
+
+"They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+stands in their metropolis; and is named _Almack's_, a word of
+uncertain etymology. They worship principally by night; and have their
+High-priests and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for
+life. The rites, by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps
+with an Eleusinian or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret.
+Nor are Sacred Books wanting to the Sect; these they call _Fashionable
+Novels_: however, the Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and
+others not.
+
+"Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some
+samples; and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an
+Inquirer into Clothes, set to interpret and study them. But wholly to
+no purpose: that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not
+refuse me credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught.
+In vain that I summoned my whole energies (_mich weidlich anstrengte_),
+and did my very utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly
+seized with not so much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind
+of infinite, unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to
+which the frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened. And
+if I strove to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there
+came a hitherto unfelt sensation, as of _Delirium Tremens_, and a
+melting into total deliquium: till at last, by order of the Doctor,
+dreading ruin to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties, and a
+general breaking up of the constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly
+forbore. Was there some miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls,
+and supernal and infernal prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish
+Mysteries, have also more than once scared back the Alien? Be this as
+it may, such failure on my part, after best efforts, must excuse the
+imperfection of this sketch; altogether incomplete, yet the completest I
+could give of a Sect too singular to be omitted.
+
+"Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+private individual, to open another _Fashionable Novel_. But luckily,
+in this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+deliverance is held out to me. Round one of those Book-packages, which
+the _Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung_ is in the habit of importing
+from England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets
+(_Maculatur-blatter_), by way of interior wrappage: into these the
+Clothes-Philosopher, with a certain Mahometan reverence even for
+waste-paper, where curious knowledge will sometimes hover, disdains not
+to cast his eye. Readers may judge of his astonishment when on such
+a defaced stray-sheet, probably the outcast fraction of some English
+Periodical, such as they name _Magazine_, appears something like a
+Dissertation on this very subject of _Fashionable Novels_! It sets out,
+indeed, chiefly from a Secular point of view; directing itself, not
+without asperity, against some to me unknown individual named _Pelham_,
+who seems to be a Mystagogue, and leading Teacher and Preacher of the
+Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise was not to be expected in such a
+fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true secret, the Religious physiognomy
+and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is nowise laid fully open there.
+Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time to time sparkle out, whereby
+I have endeavored to profit. Nay, in one passage selected from the
+Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever they are (for the style
+seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what appears to be a
+Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the tenets of
+that Sect. Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as proceeding
+from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven distinct
+Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+therewith taking leave of this matter. Observe also, that to avoid
+possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+Original:--
+
+ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+
+'1. Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+
+'2. The collar is a very important point: it should be low behind, and
+slightly rolled.
+
+'3. No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+
+'4. There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+
+'5. The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than
+in his rings.
+
+'6. It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear
+white waistcoats.
+
+'7. The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+
+"All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+
+"In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British
+Sect, originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat
+still is; but known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere
+rapidly spreading. As this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books,
+it remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which
+has published Books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate
+to read. The members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity
+of names, according to their various places of establishment: in England
+they are generally called the _Drudge_ Sect; also, unphilosophically
+enough, the _White Negroes_; and, chiefly in scorn by those of other
+communions, the _Ragged-Beggar_ Sect. In Scotland, again, I find them
+entitled _Hallanshakers_, or the _Stook of Duds_ Sect; any individual
+communicant is named _Stook of Duds_ (that is, Shock of Rags), in
+allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in Ireland,
+which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go by a perplexing
+multiplicity of designations, such as _Bogtrotters, Redshanks,
+Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood, Rockites,
+Poor-Slaves_: which last, however, seems to be the primary and generic
+name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary species,
+or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the parent
+stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+here loss of time to dwell on. Enough for us to understand, what seems
+indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the _Poor-Slaves_;
+whose doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and
+animate the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+
+"The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood: how the Universe,
+and Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish
+Poor-Slave; with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the
+Future, round on the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely
+difficult to specify. Something Monastic there appears to be in their
+Constitution: we find them bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty
+and Obedience; which vows, especially the former, it is said, they
+observe with great strictness; nay, as I have understood it, they are
+pledged, and be it by any solemn Nazarene ordination or not, irrevocably
+consecrated thereto, even _before_ birth. That the third Monastic
+Vow, of Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I find no ground to
+conjecture.
+
+"Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+principle of wearing a peculiar Costume. Of which Irish Poor-Slave
+Costume no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for
+this reason, that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem
+describable. Their raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets
+and irregular wings, of all cloths and of all colors; through the
+labyrinthic intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some
+unknown process. It is fastened together by a multiplex combination of
+buttons, thrums and skewers; to which frequently is added a girdle of
+leather, of hempen or even of straw rope, round the loins. To straw
+rope, indeed, they seem partial, and often wear it by way of sandals.
+In head-dress they affect a certain freedom: hats with partial brim,
+without crown, or with only a loose, hinged, or valve crown; in the
+former case, they sometimes invert the hat, and wear it brim uppermost,
+like a university-cap, with what view is unknown.
+
+"The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+origin: not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character.
+One might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth: for they dig
+and affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in
+private Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from
+her; seldom looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with
+comparative indifference. Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live
+in dark dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they
+find such, and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other
+opaque substances, till the fit obscurity is restored. Again, like all
+followers of Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an
+enthusiasm rising to ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet
+in sod cottages.
+
+"In respect of diet, they have also their observances. All Poor-Slaves
+are Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use
+Salted Herrings: other animal food they abstain from; except indeed,
+with perhaps some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling,
+such animals as die a natural death. Their universal sustenance is the
+root named Potato, cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment
+or relish of any kind, save an unknown condiment named _Point_, into
+the meaning of which I have vainly inquired; the victual
+_Potatoes-and-Point_ not appearing, at least not with specific accuracy
+of description, in any European Cookery-Book whatever. For drink, they
+use, with an almost epigrammatic counterpoise of taste, Milk, which
+is the mildest of liquors, and _Potheen_, which is the fiercest. This
+latter I have tasted, as well as the English _Blue-Ruin_, and the Scotch
+_Whiskey_, analogous fluids used by the Sect in those countries:
+it evidently contains some form of alcohol, in the highest state of
+concentration, though disguised with acrid oils; and is, on the whole,
+the most pungent substance known to me,--indeed, a perfect liquid
+fire. In all their Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said to be an
+indispensable requisite, and largely consumed.
+
+"An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself
+under the to me unmeaning title of _The late John Bernard_, offers
+the following sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof,
+though such is not stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.
+Thereby shall my German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it
+were with their own eyes; and even see him at meat. Moreover, in the
+so precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned, I have found some
+corresponding picture of a Dandiacal Household, painted by that same
+Dandiacal Mystagogue, or Theogonist: this also, by way of counterpart
+and contrast, the world shall look into.
+
+"First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been
+a species of Innkeeper. I quote from the original:
+
+
+POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin. There was
+a Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and
+the space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for
+their cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests. On entering the
+house we discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner: the father
+sitting at the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side,
+of a large oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a
+trough, to receive the contents of their Pot of Potatoes. Little holes
+were cut at equal distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on
+the table: all the luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes
+were dispensed with.' The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he
+says, broad-backed, black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth
+from ear to ear. His Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and
+his young ones, bare and chubby, had the appetite of ravens. Of their
+Philosophical or Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+
+"But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:--
+
+
+DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs
+and ottomans of the same hue. Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on
+each side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet. Several
+Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a
+smaller table of mother-of-pearl: opposite to these are placed the
+appurtenances of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver. A Wardrobe
+of Buhl is on the left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover
+a profusion of Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize
+the lower shelves. Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight
+glimpse of a Bath-room. Folding-doors in the background.--Enter the
+Author,' our Theogonist in person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French
+Valet, in white silk Jacket and cambric Apron.'
+
+"Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country. To
+the eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with
+the elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling. These two
+principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish
+or Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do
+as yet indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable
+shapes: nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications,
+they extend through the entire structure of Society, and work
+unweariedly in the secret depths of English national Existence; striving
+to separate and isolate it into two contradictory, uncommunicating
+masses.
+
+"In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges,
+it would seem, are hourly increasing. The Dandiacal, again, is by nature
+no proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and
+is strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet
+no rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+affiliations. If, indeed, there were to arise a _Communion of Drudges_,
+as there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would
+follow therefrom! Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism: but
+perhaps the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought
+to look down, and which up, is not so distant.
+
+"To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+there be none left to enlist on either side. Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body: the Drudges,
+gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will
+form another. I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless
+boiling Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm
+land: as yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells,
+which man's art might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily
+widening: they are hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep,
+over which your firm land is but a thin crust or rind! Thus daily is
+the intermediate land crumbling in, daily the empire of the two
+Buchan-Bullers extending; till now there is but a foot-plank, a mere
+film of Land between them; this too is washed away: and then--we have
+the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's Deluge is out-deluged!
+
+"Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled
+Electric Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries
+of opposite quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one
+attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity
+of the nation (namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy
+with the Negative (that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.
+Hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters: but wait
+a little, till the entire nation is in an electric state: till your
+whole vital Electricity, no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two
+isolated portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger);
+and stands there bottled up in two World-Batteries! The stirring of a
+child's finger brings the two together; and then--What then? The Earth
+is but shivered into impalpable smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the
+Sun misses one of his Planets in Space, and thenceforth there are no
+eclipses of the Moon.--Or better still, I might liken"--
+
+Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which,
+truly, it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the
+more.
+
+We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion:
+but never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort
+his otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the _Dandiacal Body_!
+Or was there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer
+not quite the blinkard he affects to be? Of an ordinary mortal we should
+have decisively answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh
+there ever hovers some shade of doubt. In the mean while, if satire were
+actually intended, the case is little better. There are not wanting men
+who will answer: Does your Professor take us for simpletons? His irony
+has overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI. TAILORS.
+
+Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently
+drawn; and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors. On this latter
+our opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself,
+as expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore,
+we willingly give place. Let him speak his own last words, in his own
+way:--
+
+
+"Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding
+fight of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van,
+and thrones be hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch
+of Iniquity have his victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs,
+before Tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood,
+and this last wound of suffering Humanity be closed.
+
+"If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us,
+here might we indeed pause and wonder. An idea has gone abroad, and
+fixed itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a
+distinct species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a
+Man. Call any one a _Schneider_ (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our
+dislocated, hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society,
+equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity? The epithet
+_schneidermassig_ (tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable
+degree of pusillanimity; we introduce a _Tailor's-Melancholy_, more
+opprobrious than any Leprosy, into our Books of Medicine; and fable I
+know not what of his generating it by living on Cabbage. Why should I
+speak of Hans Sachs (himself a Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor),
+with his _Schneider mit dem Panier_? Why of Shakspeare, in his _Taming
+of the Shrew_, and elsewhere? Does it not stand on record that the
+English Queen Elizabeth, receiving a deputation of Eighteen Tailors,
+addressed them with a 'Good morning, gentlemen both!' Did not the same
+virago boast that she had a Cavalry Regiment, whereof neither horse nor
+man could be injured; her Regiment, namely, of Tailors on Mares? Thus
+everywhere is the falsehood taken for granted, and acted on as an
+indisputable fact.
+
+"Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it
+is disputable or not? Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+sartorius? Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured
+to perform? Can he not arrest for debt? Is he not in most countries a
+taxpaying animal?
+
+"To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is
+mine. Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural
+Inquiries, is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated
+towards a higher Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen
+forecast of genius, dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear
+light: that the Tailor is not only a Man, but something of a Creator or
+Divinity. Of Franklin it was said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from
+Heaven and the Sceptre from Kings:' but which is greater, I would ask,
+he that lends, or he that snatches? For, looking away from individual
+cases, and how a Man is by the Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and
+clothed not only with Wool but with Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,--is
+not the fair fabric of Society itself, with all its royal mantles and
+pontifical stoles, whereby, from nakedness and dismemberment, we are
+organized into Polities, into nations, and a whole co-operating Mankind,
+the creation, as has here been often irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor
+alone?--What too are all Poets and moral Teachers, but a species of
+Metaphorical Tailors? Touching which high Guild the greatest living
+Guild-brother has triumphantly asked us: 'Nay if thou wilt have it,
+who but the Poet first made Gods for men; brought them down to us; and
+raised us up to them?'
+
+"And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his
+Shopboard, the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!
+Look up, thou much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope,
+and prophetic bodings of a noble better time. Too long hast thou sat
+there, on crossed legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some
+sacred Anchorite, or Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down
+Heaven's richest blessings, for a world that scoffed at thee. Be of
+hope! Already streaks of blue peer through our clouds; the thick gloom
+of Ignorance is rolling asunder, and it will be Day. Mankind will
+repay with interest their long-accumulated debt: the Anchorite that was
+scoffed at will be worshipped; the Fraction will become not an Integer
+only, but a Square and Cube. With astonishment the world will recognize
+that the Tailor is its Hierophant and Hierarch, or even its God.
+
+"As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which
+the Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:
+How many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this
+Arabian Whinstone!
+
+"Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in
+the Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood
+written that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;'
+and stood painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and
+between the knees these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. Was not
+this the martyr prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet
+sighing towards deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better
+day? A day of justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to
+man, and the Scissors become forever venerable.
+
+"Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in
+vain. It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and
+shed asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived
+this Work on Clothes: the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has
+already, after long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so
+large a section of my Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion
+may here find its conclusion."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL.
+
+So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more
+like a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for
+his fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them
+separately on a cover of our own. A laborious, perhaps a thankless
+enterprise; in which, however, something of hope has occasionally
+cheered us, and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether
+without satisfaction. If hereby, though in barbaric wise, some morsel
+of spiritual nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our
+beloved British world, what nobler recompense could the Editor desire?
+If it prove otherwise, why should he murmur? Was not this a Task which
+Destiny, in any case, had appointed him; which having now done with, he
+sees his general Day's-work so much the lighter, so much the shorter?
+
+
+Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without
+a mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval. Who will
+not regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher
+walks of Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a
+rummaging among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels,
+where lost rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests?
+Regret is unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time. To cure him of his
+mad humors British Criticism would essay in vain: enough for her if she
+can, by vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves. What
+a result, should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of
+writing, not to say of thinking, become general among our Literary men!
+As it might so easily do. Thus has not the Editor himself, working over
+Teufelsdrockh's German, lost much of his own English purity? Even as
+the smaller whirlpool is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along
+with it, so has the lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become
+portion of the greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively: which
+habit time and assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+
+Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any
+reader that can part with him in declared enmity? Let us confess, there
+is that in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost
+attaches us. His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man
+who had said to Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not
+be; and to Truth, Be thou in place of all to me: a man who had
+manfully defied the "Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps,
+Hannibal-like, was mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare,
+and now stood minded to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places,
+at all times. In such a cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack
+Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+
+Still the question returns on us: How could a man occasionally of keen
+insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+absurd? Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+satisfactorily answer. Our conjecture has sometimes been, that
+perhaps Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it. Seems it
+not conceivable that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much
+bountifully given by Nature had in Practice failed and misgone,
+Literature also would never rightly prosper: that striving with his
+characteristic vehemence to paint this and the other Picture, and ever
+without success, he at last desperately dashes his sponge, full of all
+colors, against the canvas, to try whether it will paint Foam? With all
+his stillness, there were perhaps in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough
+for this.
+
+A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty. It is, that
+Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a
+wish to proselytize. How often already have we paused, uncertain whether
+the basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair,
+or Love and Hope only seared into the figure of these! Remarkable,
+moreover, is this saying of his: "How were Friendship possible? In
+mutual devotedness to the Good and True: otherwise impossible; except
+as Armed Neutrality, or hollow Commercial League. A man, be the Heavens
+ever praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in
+Love, capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail
+in. Infinite is the help man can yield to man." And now in conjunction
+therewith consider this other: "It is the Night of the World, and still
+long till it be Day: we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and
+the Sun and the Stars of Heaven are as if blotted out for a season;
+and two immeasurable Phantoms, HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul,
+SENSUALITY, stalk abroad over the Earth, and call it theirs: well at
+ease are the Sleepers for whom Existence is a shallow Dream."
+
+But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality? Should not
+these unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?--In
+which case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous
+Pitch-pan, which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had
+kindled, that it might flame far and wide through the Night, and many
+a disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a Brother's
+bosom!--We say as before, with all his malign Indifference, who knows
+what mad Hopes this man may harbor?
+
+Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other
+men, might as good as altogether subvert it. Namely, that while the
+Beacon-fire blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that
+no pilgrim could now ask him: Watchman, what of the Night? Professor
+Teufelsdrockh, be it known, is no longer visibly present at
+Weissnichtwo, but again to all appearance lost in space! Some time ago,
+the Hofrath Heuschrecke was pleased to favor us with another copious
+Epistle; wherein much is said about the "Population-Institute;" much
+repeated in praise of the Paper-bag Documents, the hieroglyphic nature
+of which our Hofrath still seems not to have surmised; and, lastly,
+the strangest occurrence communicated, to us for the first time, in the
+following paragraph:--
+
+"_Ew. Wohlgeboren_ will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+disappearance of her Sage. Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves
+by what mystery he went away! But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or
+affects the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance: in the
+Wahngasse all lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself
+can hitherto elicit no answer.
+
+"It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those
+Parisian Three Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear
+in Weissnichtwo, Herr Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the _Gans_ or
+elsewhere, to have spoken, for a whole week, any syllable except once
+these three: _Es geht an_ (It is beginning). Shortly after, as _Ew.
+Wohlgeboren_ knows, was the public tranquillity here, as in
+Berlin, threatened by a Sedition of the Tailors. Nor did there want
+Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate Alarmists, who asserted that the
+closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was to blame. In this appalling
+crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was indescribable: nay, perhaps
+through one humble individual, something thereof might pass into the
+_Rath_ (Council) itself, and so contribute to the country's deliverance.
+The Tailors are now entirely pacificated.--
+
+"To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss: yet still
+comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics. For
+example, when the _Saint-Simonian Society_ transmitted its Propositions
+hither, and the whole _Gans_ was one vast cackle of laughter,
+lamentation and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end of the
+third evening said merely: 'Here also are men who have discovered, not
+without amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high, long-forgotten
+Truth you already see them make a false application.' Since then, as has
+been ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there passed at
+least one Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs Bazard-Enfantin
+and our Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be conjectured. On
+the fifth night following, he was seen for the last time!
+
+"Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or
+did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them,
+and confront them? Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to
+believe the Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere
+long he will himself give a sign. Otherwise, indeed, his archives must,
+one day, be opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the _Palingenesie_
+itself, is thought to be reposited."
+
+
+Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+
+So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced
+to an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were
+only beginning? We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has
+melted into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other. May
+Time, which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this
+also! Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is
+that, safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+
+Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen. Well does he know,
+if human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so
+much, not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective. For
+which, as for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers? To
+one and all of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and
+open heart, will wave a kind farewell. Thou too, miraculous Entity,
+who namest thyself YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and
+genialities, with thy all too Irish mirth and madness, and odor of
+palled punch, makest such strange work, farewell; long as thou canst,
+_fare-well_! Have we not, in the course of Eternity, travelled some
+months of our Life-journey in partial sight of one another; have we not
+existed together, though in a state of quarrel?
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental,
+could not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;--and had
+at last to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit by
+bit, in some courageous _Magazine_ that offered. Whereby now, to
+certain idly curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the
+insignificant but at last irritating question, What its real history and
+chronology are, is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+
+To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American
+had now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the
+title, "_Testimonies of Authors_," some straggle of real documents,
+which, now that I find it again, sets the matter into clear light and
+sequence:--and shall here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and
+nugatory guessings from the path of every reader, be reprinted as it
+stood. (_Author's Note, of_ 1868.)
+
+
+TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS.
+
+I. HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+
+_Taster to Bookseller_.--"The Author of _Teufelsdrockh_ is a person of
+talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of thought and
+expression, considerable fancy and knowledge: but whether or not it
+would take with the public seems doubtful. For a _jeu d'esprit_ of that
+kind it is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or article
+than as a volume. The Author has no great tact; his wit is frequently
+heavy; and reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping on
+tables and answered that he was learning to be lively. _Is_ the work a
+translation?"
+
+_Bookseller to Editor_.--"Allow me to say that such a writer requires
+only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able work.
+Directly on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a gentleman in
+the highest class of men of letters, and an accomplished German scholar:
+I now enclose you his opinion, which, you may rely upon it, is a just
+one; and I have too high an opinion of your good sense to" &c. &c.--_Ms.
+(penes nos), London, 17th September_, 1831.
+
+
+II. CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+
+"_Fraser's Magazine_ exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the" &c.
+
+"_Sartor Resartus_ is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by
+thought and striking poetic vigor. But what does the writer mean by
+'Baphometic fire-baptism'? Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and
+write so as to make himself generally intelligible? We quote by way
+of curiosity a sentence from the _Sartor Resartus_; which may be read
+either backwards or forwards, for it is equally intelligible either
+way: indeed, by beginning at the tail, and so working up to the head,
+we think the reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its
+meaning: 'The fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven,
+here feels its own freedom; which feeling is its Baphometic baptism:
+the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and
+will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions, not
+indeed without hard battering, will doubtless by degrees be conquered
+and pacificated.' Here is a"...--_Sun Newspaper, 1st April_, 1834.
+
+
+III. NORTH--AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+
+... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no
+such persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever
+existed; that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions
+and multifarious contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the
+'present Editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the
+Philosophy of Clothes; and that the _Sartor Resartus_ is the only
+treatise that has yet appeared upon that subject;--in short, that the
+whole account of the origin of the work before us, which the supposed
+Editor relates with so much gravity, and of which we have given a brief
+abstract, is, in plain English, a _hum_.
+
+"Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all
+other information on the subject, except what is contained in the work,
+is itself a fact of a most significant character. The whole German
+press, as well as the particular one where the work purports to have
+been printed, seems to be under the control of _Stillschweigen and Co.
+_--Silence and Company. If the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are
+making so great a sensation throughout Germany as is pretended, how
+happens it that the only notice we have of the fact is contained in a
+few numbers of a monthly Magazine published at London! How happens it
+that no intelligence about the matter has come out directly to this
+country? We pique ourselves here in New England upon knowing at least
+as much of what is going on in the literary way in the old Dutch
+Mother-land as our brethren of the fast-anchored Isle; but thus far
+we have no tidings whatever of the 'extensive close-printed,
+close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject of this pretended
+commentary. Again, we would respectfully inquire of the 'present Editor'
+upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for the city of
+_Weissnichtwo_--'Know-not-where'--at which place the work is supposed
+to have been printed, and the Author to have resided. It has been
+our fortune to visit several portions of the German territory, and to
+examine pretty carefully, at different times and for various purposes,
+maps of the whole; but we have no recollection of any such place. We
+suspect that the city of _Know-not-where_ might be called, with at
+least as much propriety, _Nobody-knows-where_, and is to be
+found in the kingdom of _Nowhere_. Again, the village of
+_Entepfuhl_--'Duck-pond'--where the supposed Author of the work is said
+to have passed his youth, and that of _Hinterschlag_, where he had his
+education, are equally foreign to our geography. Duck-ponds enough there
+undoubtedly are in almost every village in Germany, as the traveller
+in that country knows too well to his cost, but any particular village
+denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether _terra incognita_. The names
+of the personages are not less singular than those of the places.
+Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking together of such a pair of
+appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh? The supposed bearer of
+this strange title is represented as admitting, in his pretended
+autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all the
+Heralds' books in and without the German empire, and through all manner
+of Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,'
+but had nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as
+appended to his own person.' We can readily believe this, and we doubt
+very much whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a
+son to carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title. That of
+Counsellor Heuschrecke--'Grasshopper'--though not offensive, looks much
+more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.'
+The same may be said of _Blumine_--'Flower-Goddess'--the heroine of the
+fable; and so of the rest.
+
+"In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the
+whole story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of
+Nobody-knows-where, a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor
+Grasshopper, a Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as
+much foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of Sir John
+Herschel's discoveries in the moon. Fictions of this kind are, however,
+not uncommon, and ought not, perhaps, to be condemned with too much
+severity; but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence
+in regard to the attempt, which seems to be made to mislead the public
+as to the substance of the work before us, and its pretended German
+original. Both purport, as we have seen, to be upon the subject of
+Clothes, or dress. _Clothes, their Origin and Influence_, is the title
+of the supposed German treatise of Professor Teufelsdrockh and the
+rather odd name of _Sartor Resartus_--the Tailor Patched--which the
+present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary, seems to look
+the same way. But though there is a good deal of remark throughout the
+work in a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it seems to be in
+reality a treatise upon the great science of Things in General, which
+Teufelsdrockh, is supposed to have professed at the university of
+Nobody-knows-where. Now, without intending to adopt a too rigid standard
+of morals, we own that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to
+the public a treatise on Things in General, under the name and in the
+form of an Essay on Dress. For ourselves, advanced as we unfortunately
+are in the journey of life, far beyond the period when dress is
+practically a matter of interest, we have no hesitation in saying,
+that the real subject of the work is to us more attractive than the
+ostensible one. But this is probably not the case with the mass of
+readers. To the younger portion of the community, which constitutes
+everywhere the very great majority, the subject of dress is one of
+intense and paramount importance. An author who treats it appeals, like
+the poet, to the young men end maddens--_virginibus puerisque_--and
+calls upon them, by all the motives which habitually operate most
+strongly upon their feelings, to buy his book. When, after opening their
+purses for this purpose, they have carried home the work in triumph,
+expecting to find in it some particular instruction in regard to the
+tying of their neckcloths, or the cut of their corsets, and meet with
+nothing better than a dissertation on Things in General, they
+will--to use the mildest term--not be in very good humor. If the last
+improvements in legislation, which we have made in this country, should
+have found their way to England, the author, we think, would stand
+some chance of being _Lynched_. Whether his object in this piece
+of _supercherie_ be merely pecuniary profit, or whether he takes a
+malicious pleasure in quizzing the Dandies, we shall not undertake to
+say. In the latter part of the work, he devotes a separate chapter to
+this class of persons, from the tenor of which we should be disposed
+to conclude, that he would consider any mode of divesting them of their
+property very much in the nature of a spoiling of the Egyptians.
+
+"The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style,
+which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of
+richness, vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression,
+but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the
+German language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere
+result of a great familiarity with German literature; and we cannot,
+therefore, look upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing
+so much evidence of an opposite character."--_North-American Review, No.
+89, October_, 1835.
+
+
+IV. NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+
+"The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons,
+to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets [*] in
+which they first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in
+themselves the assurance of a longer date.
+
+     * _Fraser's_ (London) _Magazine_, 1833-34.
+
+"The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a
+sudden and general popularity. They will not undertake, as there is no
+need, to justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to
+dress his thoughts, or the German idioms with which he has sportively
+sprinkled his pages. It is his humor to advance the gravest speculations
+upon the gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style. If his
+masquerade offend any of his audience, to that degree that they will not
+hear what he has to say, it may chance to draw others to listen to his
+wisdom; and what work of imagination can hope to please all! But we will
+venture to remark that the distaste excited by these peculiarities in
+some readers is greatest at first, and is soon forgotten; and that the
+foreign dress and aspect of the Work are quite superficial, and cover
+a genuine Saxon heart. We believe, no book has been published for many
+years, written in a more sincere style of idiomatic English, or which
+discovers an equal mastery over all the riches of the language. The
+Author makes ample amends for the occasional eccentricity of his genius,
+not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor, but by the wit and sense
+which never fail him.
+
+"But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of
+the Age--we had almost said, of the hour--in which we live; exhibiting
+in the most just and novel light the present aspects of Religion,
+Politics, Literature, Arts, and Social Life. Under all his gayety
+the Writer has an earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into the
+manifold wants and tendencies of human nature, which is very rare among
+our popular authors. The philanthropy and the purity of moral sentiment,
+which inspire the work, will find their way to the heart of every lover
+of virtue."--_Preface to Sartor Resartus: Boston_, 1835, 1837.
+
+
+SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+
+LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the
+printed text. Italicized phrases are delimited by _underscores_.
+Footnotes (there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+paragraphs referencing them.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***
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+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8">
+    <title>
+      Sartor Resartus | Project Gutenberg
+    </title>
+    <style>
+
+    body { margin:5%; text-align:justify}
+    P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; }
+    H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; }
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+  </head>
+  <body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***</div>
+    <p>
+      <br ><br >
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      SARTOR RESARTUS:
+    </h1>
+    <h2>
+      The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br >
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      By Thomas Carlyle.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br > <br >
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      1831
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br > <br >
+    </p>
+    <hr >
+    <p>
+      <br > <br >
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <span style="font-size: larger"><b>CONTENTS</b></span>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br >
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0001"> <b>BOOK I.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER VI. APRONS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER X. PURE REASON. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br >
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0013"> <b>BOOK II.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER I. GENESIS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER V. ROMANCE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0020"> CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0021"> CHAPTER X. PAUSE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br >
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0024"> <b>BOOK III.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0022"> CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0023"> CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0024"> CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0025"> CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0026"> CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0027"> CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0028"> CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0029"> CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0030"> CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0031"> CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0032"> CHAPTER XI. TAILORS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0033"> CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br >
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_APPE"> APPENDIX. </a>
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      <br > <br >
+    </p>
+    <hr >
+    <p>
+      <br > <br > <a id="link2H_4_0001">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      BOOK I.
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0001">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch of
+      Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or less effect,
+      for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times especially, not
+      only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely than ever, but
+      innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled thereat, are also
+      glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest cranny or dog-hole
+      in Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,&mdash;it might strike the
+      reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or nothing of a
+      fundamental character, whether in the way of Philosophy or History, has
+      been written on the subject of Clothes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect: Lagrange, it is well
+      known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+      forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not
+      have been made on any other scheme. Whereby, at least, our nautical
+      Logbooks can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown
+      more commodious. Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough: what with the
+      labors of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their
+      disciples, it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the
+      Creation of a World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a
+      dumpling; concerning which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom the
+      question, <i>How the apples were got in</i>, presented difficulties. Why
+      mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of
+      Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring? Then, have we not a Doctrine of
+      Rent, a Theory of Value; Philosophies of Language, of History, of Pottery,
+      of Apparitions, of Intoxicating Liquors? Man's whole life and environment
+      have been laid open and elucidated; scarcely a fragment or fibre of his
+      Soul, Body, and Possessions, but has been probed, dissected, distilled,
+      desiccated, and scientifically decomposed: our spiritual Faculties, of
+      which it appears there are not a few, have their Stewarts, Cousins, Royer
+      Collards: every cellular, vascular, muscular Tissue glories in its
+      Lawrences, Majendies, Bichats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand Tissue
+      of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite overlooked by
+      Science,&mdash;the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or other cloth;
+      which Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall; wherein his
+      whole other Tissues are included and screened, his whole Faculties work,
+      his whole Self lives, moves, and has its being? For if, now and then, some
+      straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's glance into this
+      obscure region, the most have soared over it altogether heedless;
+      regarding Clothes as a property, not an accident, as quite natural and
+      spontaneous, like the leaves of trees, like the plumage of birds. In all
+      speculations they have tacitly figured man as <i>a Clothed Animal</i>;
+      whereas he is by nature a <i>Naked Animal</i>; and only in certain
+      circumstances, by purpose and device, masks himself in Clothes.
+      Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before and after: the more
+      surprising that we do not look round a little, and see what is passing
+      under our very eyes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+      deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid. It is, after all, a blessing that,
+      in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where abstract
+      Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy of Catholic
+      Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris, deafen every
+      French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful on his
+      scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude here and
+      elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast of
+      cow-horn, emit his <i>Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen</i>; in
+      other words, tell the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what
+      o'clock it really is. Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for an
+      unprofitable diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where
+      nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking
+      the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen whereby
+      a man himself grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into regions
+      of bilberries and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last in remote
+      peat-bogs. Of that unwise science, which, as our Humorist expresses it,
+    </p>
+<pre>
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+      vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said. In
+      so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+      consequence. Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe has
+      tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+      rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited, into rare
+      valleys. Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only finger-posts and
+      turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers, for the mind of man?
+      It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be
+      increased." Surely the plain rule is, Let each considerate person have his
+      way, and see what it will lead to. For not this man and that man, but all
+      men make up mankind, and their united tasks the task of mankind. How often
+      have we seen some such adventurous, and perhaps much-censured wanderer
+      light on some out-lying, neglected, yet vitally momentous province; the
+      hidden treasures of which he first discovered, and kept proclaiming till
+      the general eye and effort were directed thither, and the conquest was
+      completed;&mdash;thereby, in these his seemingly so aimless rambles,
+      planting new standards, founding new habitable colonies, in the
+      immeasurable circumambient realm of Nothingness and Night! Wise man was he
+      who counselled that Speculation should have free course, and look
+      fearlessly towards all the thirty-two points of the compass, whithersoever
+      and howsoever it listed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+      especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how our
+      mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a political
+      or other immediately practical tendency on all English culture and
+      endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,&mdash;that this, not
+      Philosophy of Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such
+      Philosophy, stands here for the first time published in our language. What
+      English intellect could have chosen such a topic, or by chance stumbled on
+      it? But for that same unshackled, and even sequestered condition of the
+      German Learned, which permits and induces them to fish in all manner of
+      waters, with all manner of nets, it seems probable enough, this abtruse
+      Inquiry might, in spite of the results it leads to, have continued dormant
+      for indefinite periods. The Editor of these sheets, though otherwise
+      boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative habits, and perhaps
+      discursive enough, is free to confess, that never, till these last months,
+      did the above very plain considerations, on our total want of a Philosophy
+      of Clothes, occur to him; and then, by quite foreign suggestion. By the
+      arrival, namely, of a new Book from Professor Teufelsdrockh of
+      Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of this subject, and in a style which,
+      whether understood or not, could not even by the blindest be overlooked.
+      In the present Editor's way of thought, this remarkable Treatise, with its
+      Doctrines, whether as judicially acceded to, or judicially denied, has not
+      remained without effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken</i> (Clothes, their Origin and
+      Influence): <i>von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc. Stillschweigen und
+      Cognie. Weissnichtwo</i>, 1831.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here," says the <i>Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger</i>, "comes a Volume of
+      that extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken
+      with pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo. Issuing
+      from the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company, with
+      every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as to set
+      Neglect at defiance.... A work," concludes the well-nigh enthusiastic
+      Reviewer, "interesting alike to the antiquary, the historian, and the
+      philosophic thinker; a masterpiece of boldness, lynx-eyed acuteness, and
+      rugged independent Germanism and Philanthropy (<i>derber Kerndeutschheit
+      und Menschenliebe</i>); which will not, assuredly, pass current without
+      opposition in high places; but must and will exalt the almost new name of
+      Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy, in our German Temple of
+      Honor."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the first
+      blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither a
+      Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which
+      modesty forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated wish
+      or hope of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding phrase:
+      <i>Mochte es</i> (this remarkable Treatise) <i>auch im Brittischen Boden
+      gedeihen</i>!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0002">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+      Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then
+      might the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with chalk
+      in the Editor's calendar. It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of
+      boundless, almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm
+      nor clear, if you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to
+      his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true
+      orients.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate inspection,
+      it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of Philosophy, leading to
+      as yet undescried ulterior results, was disclosed; farther, what seemed
+      scarcely less interesting, a quite new human Individuality, an almost
+      unexampled personal character, that, namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh
+      the Discloser. Of both which novelties, as far as might be possible, we
+      resolved to master the significance. But as man is emphatically a
+      proselytizing creature, no sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted,
+      than the new question arose: How might this acquired good be imparted to
+      others, perhaps in equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of
+      Clothes, and the Author of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any
+      measure, to the business and bosoms of our own English Nation? For if
+      new-got gold is said to burn the pockets till it be cast forth into
+      circulation, much more may new truth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, difficulties occurred. The first thought naturally was to
+      publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+      circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with, or
+      by money or love procure access to. But, on the other hand, was it not
+      clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of, might
+      endanger the circulation of any Journal extant? If, indeed, all
+      party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory, and
+      Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the Nation
+      could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of Clothes
+      poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had seemed
+      possible. But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except <i>Fraser's
+      Magazine</i>? A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking) with the
+      maddest Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and destructively,
+      wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits; nay, in any case,
+      understood to be, of late years, a vehicle full to overflowing, and
+      inexorably shut! Besides, to state the Philosophy of Clothes without the
+      Philosopher, the ideas of Teufelsdrockh without something of his
+      personality, was it not to insure both of entire misapprehension? Now for
+      Biography, had it been otherwise admissible, there were no adequate
+      documents, no hope of obtaining such, but rather, owing to circumstances,
+      a special despair. Thus did the Editor see himself, for the while, shut
+      out from all public utterance of these extraordinary Doctrines, and
+      constrained to revolve them, not without disquietude, in the dark depths
+      of his own mind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read and
+      again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+      personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+      that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby the
+      old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,&mdash;when
+      altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke,
+      our Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom we
+      had not previously corresponded. The Hofrath, after much quite extraneous
+      matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and attention" which the
+      Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own German Republic of Letters;
+      on the deep significance and tendency of his Friend's Volume; and then, at
+      length, with great circumlocution, hinted at the practicability of
+      conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to England, and through
+      England to the distant West:" a work on Professor Teufelsdrockh "were
+      undoubtedly welcome to the <i>Family</i>, the <i>National</i>, or any
+      other of those patriotic <i>Libraries</i>, at present the glory of British
+      Literature;" might work revolutions in Thought; and so forth;&mdash;in
+      conclusion, intimating not obscurely, that should the present Editor feel
+      disposed to undertake a Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he, Hofrath
+      Heuschrecke, had it in his power to furnish the requisite Documents.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would
+      not crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+      introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the whole
+      is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+      Heuschrecke's. Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+      united itself with like in definite arrangement: and soon either in actual
+      vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of the whole
+      Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass. Cautiously
+      yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application to the famed
+      redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made: an interview, interviews with that
+      singular man have taken place; with more of assurance on our side, with
+      less of satire (at least of open satire) on his, than we anticipated; for
+      the rest, with such issue as is now visible. As to those same "patriotic
+      <i>Libraries</i>," the Hofrath's counsel could only be viewed with silent
+      amazement; but with his offer of Documents we joyfully and almost
+      instantaneously closed. Thus, too, in the sure expectation of these, we
+      already see our task begun; and this our <i>Sartor Resartus</i>, which is
+      properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+      vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more. Let the British
+      reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented
+      him, and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he is
+      possessed of. Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared from the
+      mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and directed
+      rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book. Who or what such
+      Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even insignificant: [*] it is
+      a voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of Clothes; undoubtedly a
+      Spirit addressing Spirits: whoso hath ears, let him hear.
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     * With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask,
+     or muffler; and, we have reason to think, under a feigned
+     name!&mdash;O. Y.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning: namely,
+      that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to the
+      Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according to
+      ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such defence
+      that he engaged in this undertaking. To stem, or if that be impossible,
+      profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a Volume as
+      Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable pile, or
+      floodgate, in the logical wear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+      ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+      pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate. Powerless, we
+      venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves. Grateful
+      they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair mementos of
+      bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods, when, lapped in
+      the symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence, though with baser
+      accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that feast of reason, never
+      since vouchsafed him in so full measure! But what then? <i>Amicus Plato,
+      magis amica veritas</i>; Teufelsdrockh is our friend, Truth is our
+      divinity. In our historical and critical capacity, we hope we are
+      strangers to all the world; have feud or favor with no one,&mdash;save
+      indeed the Devil, with whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we
+      do at all times wage internecine war. This assurance, at an epoch when
+      puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of
+      mankind, and even English Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must write on
+      their door-lintels <i>No cheating here</i>,&mdash;we thought it good to
+      premise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0003">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+      Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the rest
+      of the world. For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+      unexpected. Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+      with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life: a man
+      devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+      published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+      whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend,
+      as he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that
+      cannot but exasperate and divide. Not, that we can remember, was the
+      Philosophy of Clothes once touched upon between us. If through the high,
+      silent, meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected any
+      practical tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a
+      certain prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism; as
+      indeed some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was now
+      and then suspected; though his special contributions to the <i>Isis</i>
+      could never be more than surmised at. But, at all events, nothing Moral,
+      still less anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which indeed,
+      with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever remembered. Lifting
+      his huge tumbler of <i>Gukguk</i>, [*] and for a moment lowering his
+      tobacco-pipe, he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was <i>Zur Grunen Gans</i>,
+      the largest in Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity, and nearly all the
+      Intellect of the place assembled of an evening); and there, with low,
+      soul-stirring tone, and the look truly of an angel, though whether of a
+      white or of a black one might be dubious, proposed this toast: <i>Die
+      Sache der Armen in Gottes und Teufels Namen</i> (The Cause of the Poor, in
+      Heaven's name and&mdash;'s)! One full shout, breaking the leaden silence;
+      then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers, again followed by universal
+      cheering, returned him loud acclaim. It was the finale of the night:
+      resuming their pipes; in the highest enthusiasm, amid volumes of
+      tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt without and within, the assembly
+      broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow. <i>Bleibt doch ein echter Spass</i>-
+      <i>und Galgen-vogel</i>, said several; meaning thereby that, one day, he
+      would probably be hanged for his democratic sentiments. <i>Wo steckt doch
+      der Schalk</i>? added they, looking round: but Teufelsdrockh had retired
+      by private alleys, and the Compiler of these pages beheld him no more.
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     * Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher, such
+      estimate to form of his purposes and powers. And yet, thou brave
+      Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee? Under those thick locks
+      of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face we ever
+      in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain. In thy eyes too, deep
+      under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy, have we not
+      noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and half fancied
+      that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion, the <i>sleep</i>
+      of a spinning-top? Thy little figure, there as, in loose ill-brushed
+      threadbare habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and lumber, whole days,
+      to "think and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty heart. The secrets of
+      man's Life were laid open to thee; thou sawest into the mystery of the
+      Universe, farther than another; thou hadst <i>in petto</i> thy remarkable
+      Volume on Clothes. Nay, was there not in that clear logically founded
+      Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy meek, silent, deep-seated
+      Sansculottism, combined with a true princely Courtesy of inward nature,
+      the visible rudiments of such speculation? But great men are too often
+      unknown, or what is worse, misknown. Already, when we dreamed not of it,
+      the warp of thy remarkable Volume lay on the loom; and silently,
+      mysterious shuttles were putting in the woof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this case,
+      may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is happily not
+      our concern, but his. To us it appeared, after repeated trial, that in
+      Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the best-informed classes,
+      no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered; not so much as a false
+      one. He was a stranger there, wafted thither by what is called the course
+      of circumstances; concerning whose parentage, birthplace, prospects, or
+      pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries, but satisfied herself with
+      the most indistinct replies. For himself, he was a man so still and
+      altogether unparticipating, that to question him even afar off on such
+      particulars was a thing of more than usual delicacy: besides, in his sly
+      way, he had ever some quaint turn, not without its satirical edge,
+      wherewith to divert such intrusions, and deter you from the like. Wits
+      spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of Melchizedek, without father
+      or mother of any kind; sometimes, with reference to his great historic and
+      statistic knowledge, and the vivid way he had of expressing himself like
+      an eye-witness of distant transactions and scenes, they called him the <i>Ewige
+      Jude</i>, Everlasting, or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+      Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction; but no
+      more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their daily <i>Allgemeine
+      Zeitung</i>, or the domestic habits of the Sun. Both were there and
+      welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought no more of
+      the matter. The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his little
+      circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent in
+      German Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them alive,
+      and feel certain enough that they must have a History, no History seems to
+      be discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and
+      antediluvian ruins: That they have been created by unknown agencies, are
+      in a state of gradual decay, and for the present reflect light and resist
+      pressure; that is, are visible and tangible objects in this phantasm
+      world, where so much other mystery is.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, <i>Professor der
+      Allerley-Wissenschaft</i>, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+      Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never been
+      incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition. To all
+      appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding their
+      New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like ours," as
+      the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are, rapidly or
+      slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of this kind had
+      been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task of bodying
+      somewhat forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly,
+      facilitated." That actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes for
+      the "Science of Things in General," they doubtless considered premature;
+      on which ground too they had only established the Professorship, nowise
+      endowed it; so that Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by the highest Names," had
+      been promoted thereby to a Name merely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this new
+      Professorship: how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want of the
+      Age (<i>Zeitbedurfniss</i>); how at length, instead of Denial and
+      Destruction, we were to have a science of Affirmation and Reconstruction;
+      and Germany and Weissnichtwo were where they should be, in the vanguard of
+      the world. Considerable also was the wonder at the new Professor, dropt
+      opportunely enough into the nascent University; so able to lecture, should
+      occasion call; so ready to hold his peace for indefinite periods, should
+      an enlightened Government consider that occasion did not call. But such
+      admiration and such wonder, being followed by no act to keep them living,
+      could last only nine days; and, long before our visit to that scene, had
+      quite died away. The more cunning heads thought it was all an expiring
+      clutch at popularity, on the part of a Minister, whom domestic
+      embarrassments, court intrigues, old age, and dropsy soon afterwards
+      finally drove from the helm.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the <i>Grune
+      Gans</i>, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him. Here, over
+      his tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes contemplatively
+      looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without other visible
+      employment: always, from his mild ways, an agreeable phenomenon there;
+      more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on which occasions the
+      whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence, as if sure to hear
+      something noteworthy. Nay, perhaps to hear a whole series and river of the
+      most memorable utterances; such as, when once thawed, he would for hours
+      indulge in, with fit audience: and the more memorable, as issuing from a
+      head apparently not more interested in them, not more conscious of them,
+      than is the sculptured stone head of some public fountain, which through
+      its brass mouth-tube emits water to the worthy and the unworthy; careless
+      whether it be for cooking victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed,
+      maintains the same earnest assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+      however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+      most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+      scrutinize him with due power of vision! We enjoyed, what not three men
+      Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the Professor's
+      private domicile. It was the attic floor of the highest house in the
+      Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle of Weissnichtwo, for it
+      rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs, themselves rising from elevated
+      ground. Moreover, with its windows it looked towards all the four <i>Orte</i>
+      or as the Scotch say, and we ought to say, <i>Airts</i>: the sitting room
+      itself commanded three; another came to view in the <i>Schlafgemach</i>
+      (bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing of the kitchen, which
+      offered two, as it were, <i>duplicates</i>, showing nothing new. So that
+      it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom,
+      sitting at ease he might see the whole life-circulation of that
+      considerable City; the streets and lanes of which, with all their doing
+      and driving (<i>Thun und Treiben</i>), were for the most part visible
+      there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him say,
+      "and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing, and
+      choking by sulphur. From the Palace esplanade, where music plays while
+      Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the low lane,
+      where in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin livelihood sits
+      to feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except Schlosskirche
+      weather-cock, no biped stands so high. Couriers arrive bestrapped and
+      bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches of leather: there,
+      top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the country Baron and his
+      household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier hops painfully along,
+      begging alms: a thousand carriages, and wains, cars, come tumbling in with
+      Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw Produce, inanimate or animate,
+      and go tumbling out again with produce manufactured. That living flood,
+      pouring through these streets, of all qualities and ages, knowest thou
+      whence it is coming, whither it is going? <i>Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der
+      Ewigkeit hin</i>: From Eternity, onwards to Eternity! These are
+      Apparitions: what else? Are they not Souls rendered visible: in Bodies,
+      that took shape and will lose it, melting into air? Their solid Pavement
+      is a Picture of the Sense; they walk on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time
+      is behind them and before them. Or fanciest thou, the red and yellow
+      Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs on its heels and feather in its crown,
+      is but of To-day, without a Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather
+      its Ancestor alive when Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island? Friend, thou
+      seest here a living link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all
+      Being: watch well, or it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Ach, mein Lieber</i>!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned
+      from the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to
+      dwell here. These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+      thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+      what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith
+      in their leash of sidereal fire? That stifled hum of Midnight, when
+      Traffic has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still
+      rolling here and there through distant streets, are bearing her to Halls
+      roofed in, and lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice and Misery,
+      to prowl or to moan like nightbirds, are abroad: that hum, I say, like the
+      stertorous, unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in Heaven! Oh, under
+      that hideous coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions, and unimaginable
+      gases, what a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid! The joyful and the
+      sorrowful are there; men are dying there, men are being born; men are
+      praying,&mdash;on the other side of a brick partition, men are cursing;
+      and around them all is the vast, void Night. The proud Grandee still
+      lingers in his perfumed saloons, or reposes within damask curtains;
+      Wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds, or shivers hunger-stricken into its
+      lair of straw: in obscure cellars, <i>Rouge-et-Noir</i> languidly emits
+      its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry Villains; while Councillors of
+      State sit plotting, and playing their high chess-game, whereof the pawns
+      are Men. The Lover whispers his mistress that the coach is ready; and she,
+      full of hope and fear, glides down, to fly with him over the borders: the
+      Thief, still more silently, sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks
+      in wait till the watchmen first snore in their boxes. Gay mansions, with
+      supper-rooms and dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and
+      high-swelling hearts; but, in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats
+      tremulous and faint, and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness,
+      which is around and within, for the light of a stern last morning. Six men
+      are to be hanged on the morrow: comes no hammering from the <i>Rabenstein</i>?&mdash;their
+      gallows must even now be o' building. Upwards of five hundred thousand
+      two-legged animals without feathers lie round us, in horizontal position;
+      their heads all in nightcaps, and full of the foolishest dreams. Riot
+      cries aloud, and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of shame; and the
+      Mother, with streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying infant, whose
+      cracked lips only her tears now moisten.&mdash;All these heaped and
+      huddled together, with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry between
+      them;&mdash;crammed in, like salted fish in their barrel;&mdash;or
+      weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers, each
+      struggling to get its <i>head above</i> the others: <i>such</i> work goes
+      on under that smoke-counterpane!&mdash;But I, <i>mein Werther</i>, sit
+      above it all; I am alone with the stars."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+      extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+      the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+      enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+      visible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were the Professor's talking seasons: most commonly he spoke in mere
+      monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the visitor had
+      liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer an occasional
+      grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself away. It was a
+      strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and miscellaneous
+      shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common element of
+      dust." Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered a sheet of
+      manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily thrown aside;
+      ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots, tobacco-boxes,
+      Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots. Old Lieschen (Lisekin, 'Liza),
+      who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer and wringer, cook,
+      errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the rest a very orderly
+      creature, had no sovereign authority in this last citadel of
+      Teufelsdrockh; only some once in the month she half-forcibly made her way
+      thither, with broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily saving his
+      manuscripts) effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery of such lumber
+      as was not Literary. These were her <i>Erdbeben</i> (earthquakes), which
+      Teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence; nevertheless, to such
+      length he had been forced to comply. Glad would he have been to sit here
+      philosophizing forever, or till the litter, by accumulation, drove him out
+      of doors: but Lieschen was his right-arm, and spoon, and necessary of
+      life, and would not be flatly gainsayed. We can still remember the ancient
+      woman; so silent that some thought her dumb; deaf also you would often
+      have supposed her; for Teufelsdrockh, and Teufelsdrockh only, would she
+      serve or give heed to; and with him she seemed to communicate chiefly by
+      signs; if it were not rather by some secret divination that she guessed
+      all his wants, and supplied them. Assiduous old dame! she scoured, and
+      sorted, and swept, in her kitchen, with the least possible violence to the
+      ear; yet all was tight and right there: hot and black came the coffee ever
+      at the due moment; and the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you,
+      from under her clean white coif with its lappets, through her clean
+      withered face and wrinkles, with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of
+      benevolence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither: the only one we
+      ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+      known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages. To us, at
+      that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+      crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+      distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+      "they never appear without their umbrella." Had we not known with what
+      "little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as elsewhere,
+      the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute train-bearers
+      to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing or unwilling
+      dupes,&mdash;it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke should be
+      named a <i>Rath</i>, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in Weissnichtwo.
+      What counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this particular Hofrath
+      give; in whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose thin visage, as it went
+      jerking to and fro, in minute incessant fluctuation,&mdash;you traced
+      rather confusion worse confounded; at most, Timidity and physical Cold?
+      Some indeed said withal, he was "the very Spirit of Love embodied:" blue
+      earnest eyes, full of sadness and kindness; purse ever open, and so forth;
+      the whole of which, we shall now hope, for many reasons, was not quite
+      groundless. Nevertheless friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed
+      handled the burin like few in these cases, was probably the best: <i>Er
+      hat Gemuth und Geist, hat wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne
+      Schicksals-Gunst; ist gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt</i>,
+      "He has heart and talent, at least has had such, yet without fit mode of
+      utterance, or favor of Fortune; and so is now half-cracked,
+      half-congealed."&mdash;What the Hofrath shall think of this when he sees
+      it, readers may wonder; we, safe in the stronghold of Historical Fidelity,
+      are careless.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh, which
+      indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke himself.
+      We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the fondness
+      of a Boswell for his Johnson. And perhaps with the like return; for
+      Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard, as
+      some half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved him
+      out of gratitude and by habit. On the other hand, it was curious to
+      observe with what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection,
+      our Hofrath, being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far more
+      practically influential of the two, looked and tended on his little Sage,
+      whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle. Let but Teufelsdrockh open
+      his mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into a free doorway,
+      besides his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing might be lost: and
+      then, at every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out his pursy chuckle of
+      a cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took some time to get in
+      motion, and seemed crank and slack), or else his twanging nasal, <i>Bravo!
+      Das glaub' ich</i>; in either case, by way of heartiest approval. In
+      short, if Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which, except perhaps in his
+      self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there was no symptom, then might
+      Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to whom no dough-pill he could
+      knead and publish was other than medicinal and sacred.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at the
+      time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and
+      meditate. Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often,
+      in solitude, outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable Inquirer
+      fought all his battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in all
+      probability, that he wrote this surprising Volume on <i>Clothes</i>.
+      Additional particulars: of his age, which was of that standing middle sort
+      you could only guess at; of his wide surtout; the color of his trousers,
+      fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat, and so forth, we might report,
+      but do not. The Wisest truly is, in these times, the Greatest; so that an
+      enlightened curiosity leaving Kings and such like to rest very much on
+      their own basis, turns more and more to the Philosophic Class:
+      nevertheless, what reader expects that, with all our writing and
+      reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him, till once the
+      Documents arrive? His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily Presence, are as yet
+      hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture. But, on the other
+      hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable Volume, much more
+      truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of Doubloons? To the soul
+      of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely, on the "Origin and
+      Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0004">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+      entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like the
+      very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of genius,
+      has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid its
+      effulgence,&mdash;a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+      double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and
+      prophesyings of the <i>Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger</i>, we admitted that
+      the Book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the
+      best effect of any book; that it had even operated changes in our way of
+      thought; nay, that it promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a new
+      mine-shaft, wherein the whole world of Speculation might henceforth dig to
+      unknown depths. More specially may it now be declared that Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's acquirements, patience of research, philosophic and even
+      poetic vigor, are here made indisputably manifest; and unhappily no less
+      his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold ineptitude; that, on the whole,
+      as in opening new mine-shafts is not unreasonable, there is much rubbish
+      in his Book, though likewise specimens of almost invaluable ore. A
+      paramount popularity in England we cannot promise him. Apart from the
+      choice of such a topic as Clothes, too often the manner of treating it
+      betokens in the Author a rusticity and academic seclusion, unblamable,
+      indeed inevitable in a German, but fatal to his success with our public.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+      forgotten what he saw. He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls many
+      things by their mere dictionary names. To him the Upholsterer is no
+      Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt and
+      overhung: "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses, and
+      ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that such
+      Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+      God-created Souls do for the time meet together." To Teufelsdrockh the
+      highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+      bracelets and Malines laces: in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+      less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+      Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag for <i>hooking-together</i>;
+      and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and hammered on a stithy before
+      smith's fingers." Thus does the Professor look in men's faces with a
+      strange impartiality, a strange scientific freedom; like a man unversed in
+      the higher circles, like a man dropped thither from the Moon. Rightly
+      considered, it is in this peculiarity, running through his whole system of
+      thought, that all these shortcomings, over-shootings, and multiform
+      perversities, take rise: if indeed they have not a second source, also
+      natural enough, in his Transcendental Philosophies, and humor of looking
+      at all Matter and Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his case were
+      but the more hopeless, the more lamentable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+      believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+      Work: nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+      as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+      passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+      waistcoat beats a heart,"&mdash;the force of that rapt earnestness may be
+      felt, and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through? In our wild
+      Seer, shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild honey,
+      there is an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious, strength,
+      which, except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare. Many a deep
+      glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast into mysterious
+      Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man. Wonderful it is with
+      what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder the confusion; sheers
+      down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre of the matter; and there
+      not only hits the nail on the head, but with crushing force smites it
+      home, and buries it.&mdash;On the other hand, let us be free to admit, he
+      is the most unequal writer breathing. Often after some such feat, he will
+      play truant for long pages, and go dawdling and dreaming, and mumbling and
+      maundering the merest commonplaces, as if he were asleep with eyes open,
+      which indeed he is.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most
+      known tongues, from <i>Sanchoniathon</i> to <i>Dr. Lingard</i>, from your
+      Oriental <i>Shasters</i>, and <i>Talmuds</i>, and <i>Korans</i>, with
+      Cassini's <i>Siamese fables</i>, and Laplace's <i>Mecanique Celeste</i>,
+      down to <i>Robinson Crusoe</i> and the <i>Belfast Town and Country
+      Almanack</i>, are familiar to him,&mdash;we shall say nothing: for
+      unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such universality of study
+      passes without wonder, as a thing commendable, indeed, but natural,
+      indispensable, and there of course. A man that devotes his life to
+      learning, shall he not be learned?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability,
+      marred too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+      intercourse with the higher classes. Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+      find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step forth
+      in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing amid
+      flame and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction,
+      picturesque allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns; all
+      the graces and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest
+      Intellect, alternate in beautiful vicissitude. Were it not that sheer
+      sleeping and soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches
+      even of pure doting jargon, so often intervene! On the whole, Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh, is not a cultivated writer. Of his sentences perhaps not
+      more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are in
+      quite angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and
+      dashes), and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a few
+      even sprawl out helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and
+      dismembered. Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in
+      him a singular attraction. A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of the
+      man, like its keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as into the
+      Song of Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now sinking in
+      cadences, not without melodious heartiness, though sometimes abrupt
+      enough, into the common pitch, when we hear it only as a monotonous hum;
+      of which hum the true character is extremely difficult to fix. Up to this
+      hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether it is a tone and hum
+      of real Humor, which we reckon among the very highest qualities of genius,
+      or some echo of mere Insanity and Inanity, which doubtless ranks below the
+      very lowest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do we
+      still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling. Gleams of an
+      ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity; he
+      could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it seems
+      as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph. Then again he is
+      so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such indifference,
+      malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and ever with some
+      half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if indeed it be not mere
+      stolid callousness,&mdash;that you look on him almost with a shudder, as
+      on some incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great terrestrial and
+      celestial Round, after all, were but some huge foolish Whirligig, where
+      kings and beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and street-sweepings,
+      were chaotically whirled, in which only children could take interest. His
+      look, as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever seen: yet it is not of
+      that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among our own Chancery suitors; but
+      rather the gravity as of some silent, high-encircled mountain-pool,
+      perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano; into whose black deeps you fear
+      to gaze: those eyes, those lights that sparkle in it, may indeed be
+      reflexes of the heavenly Stars, but perhaps also glances from the region
+      of Nether Fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature,
+      this of Teufelsdrockh! Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once
+      we saw him <i>laugh</i>; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time
+      in his life; but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the
+      Seven Sleepers! It was of Jean Paul's doing: some single billow in that
+      vast World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations, which
+      is now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death! The large-bodied Poet
+      and the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking miscellaneously
+      together, the present Editor being privileged to listen; and now Paul, in
+      his serious way, was giving one of those inimitable "Extra-Harangues;"
+      and, as it chanced, On the Proposal for a <i>Cast-metal King</i>:
+      gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a beaming,
+      mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a radiant
+      ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing of all
+      Tattersall's,&mdash;tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft, foot
+      clutched into the air,&mdash;loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable; a
+      laugh not of the face and diaphragm only, but of the whole man from head
+      to heel. The present Editor, who laughed indeed, yet with measure, began
+      to fear all was not right: however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and
+      sank into his old stillness; on his inscrutable countenance there was, if
+      anything, a slight look of shame; and Richter himself could not rouse him
+      again. Readers who have any tincture of Psychology know how much is to be
+      inferred from this; and that no man who has once heartily and wholly
+      laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad. How much lies in Laughter:
+      the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! Some men wear an
+      everlasting barren simper; in the smile of others lies a cold glitter as
+      of ice: the fewest are able to laugh, what can be called laughing, but
+      only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat outwards; or at best,
+      produce some whiffling husky cachinnation, as if they were laughing
+      through wool: of none such comes good. The man who cannot laugh is not
+      only fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils; but his whole life is
+      already a treason and a stratagem.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+      fault, doubtless his worst: an almost total want of arrangement. In this
+      remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+      produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward
+      method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little. Apart
+      from its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work naturally falls
+      into two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a Philosophical-Speculative:
+      but falls, unhappily, by no firm line of demarcation; in that labyrinthic
+      combination, each Part overlaps, and indents, and indeed runs quite
+      through the other. Many sections are of a debatable rubric, or even quite
+      nondescript and unnamable; whereby the Book not only loses in
+      accessibility, but too often distresses us like some mad banquet, wherein
+      all courses had been confounded, and fish and flesh, soup and solid,
+      oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French mustard, were hurled into
+      one huge tureen or trough, and the hungry Public invited to help itself.
+      To bring what order we can out of this Chaos shall be part of our
+      endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0005">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "As Montesquieu wrote a <i>Spirit of Laws</i>," observes our Professor,
+      "so could I write a <i>Spirit of Clothes</i>; thus, with an <i>Esprit des
+      Lois</i>, properly an <i>Esprit de Coutumes</i>, we should have an <i>Esprit
+      de Costumes</i>. For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man
+      proceed by mere Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious
+      operations of the mind. In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an
+      Architectural Idea will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are the
+      site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of a
+      Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded mantles,
+      based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid peaks,
+      spangles and bell-girdles; swell out in starched ruffs, buckram stuffings,
+      and monstrous tuberosities; or girth himself into separate sections, and
+      front the world an Agglomeration of four limbs,&mdash;will depend on the
+      nature of such Architectural Idea: whether Grecian, Gothic, Later Gothic,
+      or altogether Modern, and Parisian or Anglo-Dandiacal. Again, what meaning
+      lies in Color! From the soberest drab to the high-flaming scarlet,
+      spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold themselves in choice of Color: if the Cut
+      betoken Intellect and Talent, so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart.
+      In all which, among nations as among individuals, there is an incessant,
+      indubitable, though infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect: every
+      snip of the Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active
+      Influences, which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are
+      neither invisible nor illegible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of Clothes,
+      as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening entertainment:
+      nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such Philosophies have
+      always seemed to me uninstructive enough. Nay, what is your Montesquieu
+      himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a hieroglyphical
+      prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity, in Heaven?&mdash;Let
+      any Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear such and such a
+      Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am <i>here</i>, to wear
+      and obey anything!&mdash;Much, therefore, if not the whole, of that same
+      <i>Spirit of Clothes</i> I shall suppress, as hypothetical, ineffectual,
+      and even impertinent: naked Facts, and Deductions drawn therefrom in quite
+      another than that omniscient style, are my humbler and proper province."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+      contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least, the
+      boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon. Selection being
+      indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the most
+      cursory manner. This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by omnivorous
+      learning, and utmost patience and fairness: at the same time, in its
+      results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the Compilers
+      of some <i>Library</i> of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even Useless
+      Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages. Was it this Part
+      of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended us to that
+      joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of British
+      Literature"? If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it for their
+      own behoof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads us
+      into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+      cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+      ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval. Still less have we to do
+      with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he had
+      before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of
+      aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"&mdash;very needlessly, we think.
+      On this portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the <i>Adam-Kadmon</i>,
+      or Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation with the <i>Nifl</i>
+      and <i>Muspel</i> (Darkness and Light) of the antique North, it may be
+      enough to say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of Talmudic
+      and Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist in Britain
+      with something like astonishment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower
+      of Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable and
+      habilable globe. Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic, Scandinavian,
+      Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of every conceivable
+      kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as the Nurnbergers give
+      an <i>Orbis Pictus</i>) an <i>Orbis Vestitus</i>; or view of the costumes
+      of all mankind, in all countries, in all times. It is here that to the
+      Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say: Fall to! Here is
+      learning: an irregular Treasury, if you will; but inexhaustible as the
+      Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in twelve days, at the rate of
+      three journeys a day, could not carry off. Sheepskin cloaks and wampum
+      belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs; chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks,
+      Afghaun shawls, trunk-hose, leather breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though
+      breeches, as the name <i>Gallia Braccata</i> indicates, are the more
+      ancient), Hussar cloaks, Vandyke tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought
+      vividly before us,&mdash;even the Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten.
+      For most part, too, we must admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it
+      is, and tumbled down quite pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified
+      Learning, the drossy parts smelted out and thrown aside.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures of
+      human life. Of this sort the following has surprised us. The first purpose
+      of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or decency, but
+      ornament. "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition of the
+      Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of hair, which
+      with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him like a matted
+      cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick natural fell. He loitered
+      in the sunny glades of the forest, living on wild-fruits; or, as the
+      ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in morasses, lurking for his bestial
+      or human prey; without implements, without arms, save the ball of heavy
+      Flint, to which, that his sole possession and defence might not be lost,
+      he had attached a long cord of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well
+      as hurling it with deadly unerring skill. Nevertheless, the pains of
+      Hunger and Revenge once satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but
+      Decoration (<i>Putz</i>). Warmth he found in the toils of the chase; or
+      amid dried leaves, in his hollow tree, in his bark shed, or natural
+      grotto: but for Decoration he must have Clothes. Nay, among wild people,
+      we find tattooing and painting even prior to Clothes. The first spiritual
+      want of a barbarous man is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the
+      barbarous classes in civilized countries.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+      nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+      sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+      Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,&mdash;has descended,
+      like thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+      Anthropophagus! Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+      cometh forth sweetness. What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+      Time! For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+      continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality. Cast forth thy
+      Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe: it is a
+      seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will be found
+      flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a Hemlock-forest!) after
+      a thousand years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of <i>Movable
+      Types</i> was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and
+      Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented the
+      Art of Printing. The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and Charcoal
+      drove Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling: what will the last do?
+      Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under Thought, of Animal
+      courage under Spiritual. A simple invention it was in the old-world
+      Grazier,&mdash;sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country till he got
+      it bartered for corn or oil,&mdash;to take a piece of Leather, and thereon
+      scratch or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or <i>Pecus</i>); put it in his
+      pocket, and call it <i>Pecunia</i>, Money. Yet hereby did Barter grow
+      Sale, the Leather Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles have
+      been out-miracled: for there are Rothschilds and English National Debts;
+      and whoso has sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence) over all
+      men; commands cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him, kings to mount
+      guard over him,&mdash;to the length of sixpence.&mdash;Clothes too, which
+      began in foolishest love of Ornament, what have they not become! Increased
+      Security and pleasurable Heat soon followed: but what of these? Shame,
+      divine Shame (<i>Schaam</i>, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the
+      Anthropophagous bosom, arose there mysteriously under Clothes; a mystic
+      grove-encircled shrine for the Holy in man. Clothes gave us individuality,
+      distinctions, social polity; Clothes have made Men of us; they are
+      threatening to make Clothes-screens of us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a
+      Tool-using Animal (<i>Handthierendes Thier</i>). Weak in himself, and of
+      small stature, he stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of
+      some half-square foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs,
+      lest the very wind supplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are a
+      crushing load for him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like a
+      waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools: with these the
+      granite mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing iron,
+      as if it were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds and fire his
+      unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools; without Tools he
+      is nothing, with Tools he is all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+      remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of
+      all that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best? Man is called a
+      Laughing Animal: but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it; and
+      is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher? Teufelsdrockh
+      himself, as we said, laughed only once. Still less do we make of that
+      other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for rigorous
+      scientific purposes, is as good as useless. Can a Tartar be said to cook,
+      when he only readies his steak by riding on it? Again, what Cookery does
+      the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his whale-blubber, as a marmot, in
+      the like case, might do? Or how would Monsieur Ude prosper among those
+      Orinoco Indians who, according to Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the
+      branches of trees; and, for half the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay,
+      the whole country being under water? But, on the other hand, show us the
+      human being, of any period or climate, without his Tools: those very
+      Caledonians, as we saw, had their Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no
+      brute has or can have.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt way;
+      "of which truth Clothes are but one example: and surely if we consider the
+      interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man, and those
+      Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons, we shall note
+      what progress he has made. He digs up certain black stones from the bosom
+      of the earth, and says to them, <i>Transport me and this luggage at the
+      rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour</i>; and they do it: he collects,
+      apparently by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight miscellaneous individuals,
+      and says to them, <i>Make this nation toil for us, bleed for us, hunger
+      and, sorrow and sin for us</i>; and they do it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0006">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. APRONS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that on <i>Aprons</i>.
+      What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose Apron, now
+      indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which proved
+      successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what though John
+      Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she would catch
+      her husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie and be a
+      bishop;" what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other Apron
+      worthies,&mdash;figure here? An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes even a
+      tone of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too clearly
+      discernible. What, for example, are we to make of such sentences as the
+      following?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to
+      modesty, sometimes to roguery. From the thin slip of notched silk (as it
+      were, the emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some highest-bred
+      housewife, sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes, has gracefully
+      fastened on; to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him with thongs, wherein
+      the Builder builds, and at evening sticks his trowel; or to those jingling
+      sheet-iron Aprons, wherein your otherwise half-naked Vulcans hammer and
+      smelt in their smelt-furnace,&mdash;is there not range enough in the
+      fashion and uses of this Vestment? How much has been concealed, how much
+      has been defended in Aprons! Nay, rightly considered, what is your whole
+      Military and Police Establishment, charged at uncalculated millions, but a
+      huge scarlet-colored, iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily
+      enough); guarding itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this
+      Devil's-smithy (<i>Teufels-schmiede</i>) of a world? But of all Aprons the
+      most puzzling to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock. Wherein
+      consists the usefulness of this Apron? The Overseer (<i>Episcopus</i>) of
+      Souls, I notice, has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were
+      done: what does he shadow forth thereby?" &amp;c. &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as
+      we shall now quote?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as a
+      new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+      encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval: nor is it
+      without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having in
+      view to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in
+      England."&mdash;We who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed
+      have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for our
+      Literature, exuberant as it is.&mdash;Teufelsdrockh continues: "If such
+      supply of printed Paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways and
+      public thoroughfares, new means must of necessity be had recourse to. In a
+      world existing by Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a destroying
+      element, and not as a creating one. However, Heaven is omnipotent, and
+      will find us an outlet. In the mean while, is it not beautiful to see five
+      million quintals of Rags picked annually from the Laystall; and annually,
+      after being macerated, hot-pressed, printed on, and sold,&mdash;returned
+      thither; filling so many hungry mouths by the way? Thus is the Laystall,
+      especially with its Rags or Clothes-rubbish, the grand Electric Battery,
+      and Fountain-of-motion, from which and to which the Social Activities
+      (like vitreous and resinous Electricities) circulate, in larger or smaller
+      circles, through the mighty, billowy, storm-tost chaos of Life, which they
+      keep alive!"&mdash;Such passages fill us, who love the man, and partly
+      esteem him, with a very mixed feeling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Farther down we meet with this: "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+      and Clergy: henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write not
+      of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped Broad-sheet
+      Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as this or the other
+      Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the world's ear. Of the
+      British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important of all, and wonderful
+      enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a valuable descriptive
+      History already exists, in that language, under the title of <i>Satan's
+      Invisible World Displayed</i>; which, however, by search in all the
+      Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring (<i>vermochte
+      night aufzutreiben</i>)."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore. Thus does Teufelsdrockh,
+      wandering in regions where he had little business, confound the old
+      authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new, spurious, imaginary
+      Historian of the <i>Brittische Journalistik</i>; and so stumble on perhaps
+      the most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0007">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic, when he
+      reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the Seventeenth
+      Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume. It is here that the
+      Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest. Fantastic
+      garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed each other,
+      like monster devouring monster in a Dream. The whole too in brief
+      authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of genius which
+      makes even old raiment live. Indeed, so learned, precise, graphical, and
+      every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that it may be thrown
+      out as a pertinent question for parties concerned, Whether or not a good
+      English Translation thereof might henceforth be profitably incorporated
+      with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work <i>On Ancient Armor</i>? Take, by way of
+      example, the following sketch; as authority for which Paulinus's <i>Zeitkurzende
+      Lust</i> (ii. 678) is, with seeming confidence, referred to:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+      might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again, and
+      see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin. But
+      happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is not
+      needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like a
+      Tree, whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie
+      peaceably underground. Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see
+      and know, how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his
+      place quite filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the
+      very Byron, in some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a
+      foreigner to his Europe. Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in
+      Clothes, as in all other external things whatsoever, no fashion will
+      continue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts, complicated
+      chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and fighting gear
+      have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has acquired
+      somewhat of a sign-post character,&mdash;I shall here say nothing: the
+      civil and pacific classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough for us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Rich men, I find, have <i>Teusinke</i> [a perhaps untranslatable
+      article]; also a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a
+      man walks, it is with continual jingling. Some few, of musical turn, have
+      a whole chime of bells (<i>Glockenspiel</i>) fastened there; which,
+      especially in sudden whirls, and the other accidents of walking, has a
+      grateful effect. Observe too how fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch
+      intersections. The male world wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang
+      bobbing over the side (<i>schief</i>): their shoes are peaked in front,
+      also to the length of an ell, and laced on the side with tags; even the
+      wooden shoes have their ell-long noses: some also clap bells on the peak.
+      Further, according to my authority, the men have breeches without seat (<i>ohne
+      Gesass</i>): these they fasten peakwise to their shirts; and the long
+      round doublet must overlap them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and
+      before, so that back and breast are almost bare. Wives of quality, on the
+      other hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains
+      there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their silk-cloth
+      Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a handbreadth
+      thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long flood of silver
+      buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe, wherewith these
+      same welt-gowns are buttoned. The maidens have bound silver snoods about
+      their hair, with gold spangles, and pendent flames (<i>Flammen</i>), that
+      is, sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's head-gear who shall speak?
+      Neither in love of grace is comfort forgotten. In winter weather you
+      behold the whole fair creation (that can afford it) in long mantles, with
+      skirts wide below, and, for hem, not one but two sufficient hand-broad
+      welts; all ending atop in a thick well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches
+      broad: these are their Ruff-mantles (<i>Kragenmantel</i>).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+      doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+      together with batter (<i>mit Teig zusammengekleistert</i>), which create
+      protuberance enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the art
+      of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+      feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion of
+      any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call a real
+      love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes, or other
+      the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers so many, escape
+      him: more especially the mischances, or striking adventures, incident to
+      the wearers of such, are noticed with due fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's
+      fine mantle, which he spread in the mud under Queen Elizabeth's feet,
+      appears to provoke little enthusiasm in him; he merely asks, Whether at
+      that period the Maiden Queen "was red-painted on the nose, and
+      white-painted on the cheeks, as her tire-women, when from spleen and
+      wrinkles she would no longer look in any glass, were wont to serve her"?
+      We can answer that Sir Walter knew well what he was doing, and had the
+      Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment dyed in verdigris, would have done the
+      same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+      slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader parts
+      of the body, by introduction of Bran,&mdash;our Professor fails not to
+      comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a chair
+      with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his <i>devoir</i>
+      on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several pecks of dry
+      wheat-dust: and stood there diminished to a spindle, his galloons and
+      slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon the Professor
+      publishes this reflection:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By what strange chances do we live in History? Erostratus by a torch;
+      Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by his
+      limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+      bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+      turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,&mdash;for
+      no Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him. Vain was the prayer of
+      Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+      Destiny, and read since it is written."&mdash;Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put
+      in mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting,
+      stands that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+      alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry,
+      in the late Colombian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal, is
+      provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it circular): in
+      the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long; through this the
+      mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and so rides shielded
+      from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for he rolls it about
+      his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and draperied."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity, and
+      Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of our
+      subject.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0008">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+      discussing merely the <i>Werden</i> (Origin and successive Improvement) of
+      Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+      Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their <i>Wirken</i>, or
+      Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure of
+      his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+      commences: all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+      venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it
+      to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+      footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or mere
+      cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to expound
+      the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he undertakes
+      to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand Proposition,
+      that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned together, and
+      held up, by Clothes." He says in so many words, "Society is founded upon
+      Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude on Cloth, as on a
+      Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and unclean beasts in
+      the Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle, would sink to
+      endless depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either case be no more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation
+      this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical Corollaries
+      are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting.
+      Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of common school Logic,
+      where the truths all stand in a row, each holding by the skirts of the
+      other; but at best that of practical Reason' proceeding by large Intuition
+      over whole systematic groups and kingdoms; whereby, we might say, a noble
+      complexity, almost like that of Nature, reigns in his Philosophy, or
+      spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze, yet, as faith whispers, not
+      without a plan. Nay we complained above, that a certain ignoble
+      complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was also discernible. Often,
+      also, we have to exclaim: Would to Heaven those same Biographical
+      Documents were come! For it seems as if the demonstration lay much in the
+      Author's individuality; as if it were not Argument that had taught him,
+      but Experience. At present it is only in local glimpses, and by
+      significant fragments, picked often at wide-enough intervals from the
+      original Volume, and carefully collated, that we can hope to impart some
+      outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine. Readers of any intelligence are
+      once more invited to favor us with their most concentrated attention: let
+      these, after intense consideration, and not till then, pronounce, Whether
+      on the utmost verge of our actual horizon there is not a looming as of
+      Land; a promise of new Fortunate Islands, perhaps whole undiscovered
+      Americas, for such as have canvas to sail thither?&mdash;As exordium to
+      the whole, stand here the following long citation:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+      seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+      ask yourself that unanswerable question: Who am I; the thing that can say
+      'I' (<i>das Wesen das sich ICH nennt</i>)? The world, with its loud
+      trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+      and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all
+      the living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith
+      your Existence sits surrounded,&mdash;the sight reaches forth into the
+      void Deep, and you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with
+      it, as one mysterious Presence with another.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;&mdash;some
+      embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind? <i>Cogito, ergo sum</i>.
+      Alas, poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am;
+      and lately was not: but Whence? How? Whereto? The answer lies around,
+      written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+      wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature: but where
+      is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will yield
+      articulate meaning? We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+      Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century, lies
+      not even nearer the verge thereof: sounds and many-colored visions flit
+      round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream and
+      Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect not.
+      Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but the Sun
+      that made it lies behind us, hidden from us. Then, in that strange Dream,
+      how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances; and sleep deepest
+      while fancying ourselves most awake! Which of your Philosophical Systems
+      is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient, confidently given out,
+      where divisor and dividend are both unknown? What are all your national
+      Wars, with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary hate-filled Revolutions,
+      but the Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers? This Dreaming, this Somnambulism
+      is what we on Earth call Life; wherein the most indeed undoubtingly
+      wander, as if they knew right hand from left; yet they only are wise who
+      know that they know nothing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+      unproductive! The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's secret:
+      a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he suffers death,
+      the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and Categories, and
+      Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air-castles are cunningly built
+      of Words, the Words well bedded also in good Logic-mortar; wherein,
+      however, no Knowledge will come to lodge. <i>The whole is greater than the
+      part</i>: how exceedingly true! <i>Nature abhors a vacuum</i>: how
+      exceedingly false and calumnious! Again, <i>Nothing can act but where it
+      is</i>: with all my heart; only, WHERE is it? Be not the slave of Words:
+      is not the Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for it, and mourn
+      for it, Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor I stand on? But
+      that same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the first the
+      master-colors of our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas (the warp and
+      woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are painted.
+      Nevertheless, has not a deeper meditation taught certain of every climate
+      and age, that the WHERE and WHEN, so mysteriously inseparable from all our
+      thoughts, are but superficial terrestrial adhesions to thought; that the
+      Seer may discern them where they mount up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE
+      and FOREVER: have not all nations conceived their God as Omnipresent and
+      Eternal; as existing in a universal HERE, an everlasting Now? Think well,
+      thou too wilt find that Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so
+      likewise Time; there <i>is</i> no Space and no Time: WE are&mdash;we know
+      not what;&mdash;light-sparkles floating in the ether of Deity!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image,
+      our ME the only reality: and Nature, with its thousand-fold production and
+      destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy of our
+      Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in <i>Faust</i> names it, <i>the living
+      visible Garment of God</i>:&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre>
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of the
+      <i>Erdgeist</i>, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the
+      meaning thereof?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+      speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes. Strange
+      enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+      Tailored. The Horse I ride has his own whole fell: strip him of the girths
+      and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the noble
+      creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his own
+      boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the
+      valleys, with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein
+      warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also
+      have been considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color,
+      featly appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting. While I&mdash;good
+      Heaven!&mdash;have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of sheep,
+      the bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of oxen or seals,
+      the felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving Rag-screen, overheaped
+      with shreds and tatters raked from the Charnel-house of Nature, where they
+      would have rotted, to rot on me more slowly! Day after day, I must thatch
+      myself anew; day after day, this despicable thatch must lose some film of
+      its thickness; some film of it, frayed away by tear and wear, must be
+      brushed off into the Ashpit, into the Laystall; till by degrees the whole
+      has been brushed thither, and I, the dust-making, patent Rag-grinder, get
+      new material to grind down. O subter-brutish! vile! most vile! For have
+      not I too a compact all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier? Am I a botched
+      mass of tailors' and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated,
+      homogeneous little Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to
+      plainest facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live at
+      ease in the midst of Wonders and Terrors. But indeed man is, and was
+      always, a blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than to
+      think and consider. Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his absolute
+      lawgiver; mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose; thus let but
+      a Rising of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World happen <i>twice</i>,
+      and it ceases to be marvellous, to be noteworthy, or noticeable. Perhaps
+      not once in a lifetime does it occur to your ordinary biped, of any
+      country or generation, be he gold-mantled Prince or russet-jerkined
+      Peasant, that his Vestments and his Self are not one and indivisible; that
+      <i>he</i> is naked, without vestments, till he buy or steal such, and by
+      forethought sew and button them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and how,
+      reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and
+      demoralizes us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind;
+      almost as one feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season, you
+      see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped sacking),
+      in the meadows of Gouda. Nevertheless there is something great in the
+      moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages; and sees
+      indeed that he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked straddling animal
+      with bandy legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable Mystery of
+      Mysteries."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0009">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+      conclusion of the last Chapter. The Editor himself, on first glancing over
+      that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim: What, have we got not only
+      a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract? A new Adamite,
+      in this century, which flatters itself that it is the Nineteenth, and
+      destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+      and sexes derive from Clothes. For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+      pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling and
+      puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth into the
+      world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy blankets,
+      and bibs, and other nameless hulls? A terror to thyself and mankind! Or
+      hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst breeches, and thy
+      long clothes became short? The village where thou livedst was all apprised
+      of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed thy pudding-cheek, and
+      gave thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on that the first gala-day
+      of thy existence. Again, wert not thou, at one period of life, a Buck, or
+      Blood, or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy, or by whatever name,
+      according to year and place, such phenomenon is distinguished? In that one
+      word lie included mysterious volumes. Nay, now when the reign of folly is
+      over, or altered, and thy clothes are not for triumph but for defence,
+      hast thou always worn them perforce, and as a consequence of Man's Fall;
+      never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable House, a Body round thy Body,
+      wherein that strange THEE of thine sat snug, defying all variations of
+      Climate? Girt with thick double-milled kerseys; half buried under shawls
+      and broadbrims, and overalls and mudboots, thy very fingers cased in
+      doeskin and mittens, thou hast bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though
+      it were in wild winter, dashed through the world, glorying in it as if
+      thou wert its lord. In vain did the sleet beat round thy temples; it
+      lighted only on thy impenetrable, felted or woven, case of wool. In vain
+      did the winds howl,&mdash;forests sounding and creaking, deep calling unto
+      deep,&mdash;and the storms heap themselves together into one huge Arctic
+      whirlpool: thou flewest through the middle thereof, striking fire from the
+      highway; wild music hummed in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the
+      air;" the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds was thy element and
+      propitiously wafting tide. Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what
+      hadst thou been; what had thy fleet quadruped been?&mdash;Nature is good,
+      but she is not the best: here truly was the victory of Art over Nature. A
+      thunderbolt indeed might have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst
+      defy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+      said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+      indeed"? Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+      the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nowise, courteous reader! The Professor knows full well what he is saying;
+      and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong. If Clothes, in these
+      times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming value; can
+      they not be altered to serve better; must they of necessity be thrown to
+      the dogs? The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is no
+      Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go forth before this
+      degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do it, as those old
+      Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness. The utility of Clothes is
+      altogether apparent to him: nay perhaps he has an insight into their more
+      recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we might call the omnipotent
+      virtue of Clothes, such as was never before vouchsafed to any man. For
+      example:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the other
+      in coarse threadbare Blue: Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and anatomized;'
+      Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!) marches sorrowfully
+      to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his hour, and the surgeons
+      dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton for medical purposes. How
+      is this; or what make ye of your <i>Nothing can act but where it is</i>?
+      Red has no physical hold of Blue, no <i>clutch</i> of him, is nowise in <i>contact</i>
+      with him: neither are those ministering Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and
+      Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to commanding Red, that he can tug them
+      hither and thither; but each stands distinct within his own skin.
+      Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is it done: the articulated Word sets
+      all hands in Action; and Rope and Improved-drop perform their work.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold: First, that <i>Man is a
+      Spirit</i>, and bound by invisible bonds to <i>All Men</i>; secondly, that
+      <i>he wears Clothes</i>, which are the visible emblems of that fact. Has
+      not your Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a
+      plush-gown; whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?&mdash;Society,
+      which the more I think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon
+      Cloth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+      Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how the
+      ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke this is
+      presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and innumerable
+      Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are advancing
+      gallantly to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote privacy, to
+      form a clear picture of that solemnity,&mdash;on a sudden, as by some
+      enchanter's wand, the&mdash;shall I speak it?&mdash;the Clothes fly off
+      the whole dramatic corps; and Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed
+      Presence itself, every mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not a
+      shirt on them; and I know not whether to laugh or weep. This physical or
+      psychical infirmity, in which perhaps I am not singular, I have, after
+      hesitation, thought right to publish, for the solace of those afflicted
+      with the like."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret! Who
+      is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his
+      Morning Newspaper without a shudder? Hypochondriac men, and all men are to
+      a certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated. With what
+      readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows out
+      the consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes on to
+      draw:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+      the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate, in
+      very Deed, as here in Dream? <i>Ach Gott</i>! How each skulks into the
+      nearest hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (<i>Haupt- und
+      Staats-Action</i>) becomes a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the
+      worst kind of Farce; <i>the tables</i> (according to Horace), and with
+      them, the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and
+      Civilized Society, <i>are dissolved</i>, in wails and howls."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+      naked House of Lords? Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils on
+      itself, and will not forward with the picture. The Woolsack, the
+      Ministerial, the Opposition Benches&mdash;<i>infandum! infandum</i>! And
+      yet why is the thing impossible? Was not every soul, or rather every body,
+      of these Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a
+      forked Radish with a head fantastically carved"? And why might he not, did
+      our stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as into
+      bed, in that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes, hold a
+      Bed of Justice? "Solace of those afflicted with the like!" Unhappy
+      Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical infirmity"
+      before? And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled confession (which
+      we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on by Critical and
+      Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably infect therewith! Art
+      thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the maddest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh, "in
+      how far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to
+      benefit of clergy, and English trial by jury: nay perhaps, considering his
+      high function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and Sovereign
+      armed with the <i>terrors</i> of the Law?), to a certain royal Immunity
+      and Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class of persons
+      are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+      with a stick and red clout, to the market:' or if some drivers, as they do
+      in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle thereof
+      terrifies the boldest!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0010">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. PURE REASON.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is a
+      speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for
+      most part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which
+      we make so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and
+      "bladders with dried peas." To linger among such speculations, longer than
+      mere Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish. For our
+      purposes the simple fact that such a <i>Naked World</i> is possible, nay
+      actually exists (under the Clothed one), will be sufficient. Much,
+      therefore, we omit about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with Carmen,"
+      and the Kings being thrown: "dissect them with scalpels," says
+      Teufelsdrockh; "the same viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other
+      life-tackle, are there: examine their spiritual mechanism; the same great
+      Need, great Greed, and little Faculty; nay ten to one but the Carman, who
+      understands draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something of the laws
+      of unstable and stable equilibrium, with other branches of wagon-science,
+      and has actually put forth his hand and operated on Nature, is the more
+      cunningly gifted of the two. Whence, then, their so unspeakable
+      difference? From Clothes." Much also we shall omit about confusion of
+      Ranks, and Joan and My Lady, and how it would be everywhere "Hail fellow
+      well met," and Chaos were come again: all which to any one that has once
+      fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea, <i>Society in a state of
+      Nakedness</i>, will spontaneously suggest itself. Should some sceptical
+      individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without Clothes, the
+      smallest Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist, let him turn to
+      the original Volume, and view there the boundless Serbonian Bog of
+      Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential: over which we have
+      lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole nations might sink!
+      If indeed the following argument, in its brief riveting emphasis, be not
+      of itself incontrovertible and final:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo? Or how,
+      without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and true
+      pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a PURSE?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+      one knows not whether to hate or to love him. For though, in looking at
+      the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures,
+      he dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+      indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+      unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+      which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers,&mdash;there is
+      that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past and
+      present Sansculottists. The grand unparalleled peculiarity of
+      Teufelsdrockh is, that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a
+      Transcendentalism, no less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he
+      degrade man below most animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on
+      the other, exalts him beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality
+      with the Gods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man? An omnivorous Biped
+      that wears Breeches. To the eye of Pure Reason what is he? A Soul, a
+      Spirit, and divine Apparition. Round his mysterious ME, there lies, under
+      all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses), contextured in the
+      Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like, and dwells with them
+      in UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for himself a Universe, with
+      azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of Years. Deep-hidden is he under
+      that strange Garment; amid Sounds and Colors and Forms, as it were,
+      swathed in, and inextricably over-shrouded: yet it is sky-woven, and
+      worthy of a God. Stands he not thereby in the centre of Immensities, in
+      the conflux of Eternities? He feels; power has been given him to know, to
+      believe; nay does not the spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval
+      brightness, even here, though but for moments, look through? Well said
+      Saint Chrysostom, with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:' where
+      else is the GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our
+      hearts, as in our fellow-man?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+      Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+      forth, as it were, in full flood: and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+      of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment, we
+      seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;&mdash;though,
+      alas, the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from
+      view.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and
+      indeed, to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent. Nothing
+      that he sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:
+      thus, if in the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as well
+      as in the poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay,
+      Contemptibility; there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend Worth.
+      For Matter, were it never so despicable, is Spirit, the manifestation of
+      Spirit: were it never so honorable, can it be more? The thing Visible, nay
+      the thing Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as Visible, what is it
+      but a Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial Invisible,
+      "unimaginable formless, dark with excess of bright"? Under which point of
+      view the following passage, so strange in purport, so strange in phrase,
+      seems characteristic enough:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+      armed eyesight, till they become <i>transparent</i>. 'The Philosopher,'
+      says the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:' how
+      true! The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the
+      Lowest has mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in Arkwright
+      looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our
+      Imagination? Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love;
+      since all was created by God?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+      fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+      himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate, a
+      more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+      venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+      feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+      Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen of
+      so singular a Planet as ours. "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of Worship:
+      the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only at certain
+      stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a reign <i>in
+      partibus infidelium</i>." That progress of Science, which is to destroy
+      Wonder, and in its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration, finds
+      small favor with Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates these two
+      latter processes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted, or
+      even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's mind
+      become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere Tables
+      of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you call
+      Political Economy, are the Meal? And what is that Science, which the
+      scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's in the
+      Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute without
+      shadow of a heart,&mdash;but one other of the mechanical and menial
+      handicrafts, for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too
+      noble an organ? I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps
+      poisonous; at best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth;
+      does not live, like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading
+      harvests, bringing food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according to
+      ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with charitable
+      intent. Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and treble-pipe
+      Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these days, so
+      numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics' Institute of
+      Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings round their
+      Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as illuminated Sceptics,
+      walk abroad into peaceable society, in full daylight, with rattle and
+      lantern, and insist on guiding you and guarding you therewith, though the
+      Sun is shining, and the street populous with mere justice-loving men:"
+      that whole class is inexpressibly wearisome to him. Hear with what
+      uncommon animation he perorates:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and worship),
+      were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried the whole <i>Mecanique
+      Celeste</i> and <i>Hegel's Philosophy</i>, and the epitome of all
+      Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single head,&mdash;is
+      but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let those who have
+      Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world by
+      the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp of what
+      I call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or believe
+      nothing of it? Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes the
+      unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere under
+      our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle and
+      Temple, as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,&mdash;he shall be a
+      delirious Mystic; to him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively
+      proffer thy hand-lamp, and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his foot
+      through it?&mdash;<i>Armer Teufel</i>! Doth not thy cow calve, doth not
+      thy bull gender? Thou thyself, wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?
+      'Explain' me all this, or do one of two things: Retire into private places
+      with thy foolish cackle; or, what were better, give it up, and weep, not
+      that the reign of wonder is done, and God's world all disembellished and
+      prosaic, but that thou hitherto art a Dilettante and sand-blind Pedant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0011">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted it would
+      do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a cloud-capt,
+      almost chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in the far
+      distance, and streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly questionable
+      purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more important for us
+      to ascertain. Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries many a timid
+      wayfarer, or the reflex of Pandemonian lava? Is it of a truth leading us
+      into beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning marl of a
+      Hell-on-Earth?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives an
+      Editor enough to do. Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads us
+      to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views and
+      glances. For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a Whole:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist: 'If I take the wings of the morning and
+      dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.' Thou thyself,
+      O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a Prosaist,
+      knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the world where
+      at least FORCE is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand,
+      rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept away;
+      already on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic of
+      Cancer. How came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless? Thinkest thou
+      there is aught motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself: That little fire
+      which glows star-like across the dark-growing (<i>nachtende</i>) moor,
+      where the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy
+      lost horse-shoe,&mdash;is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the
+      whole Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole? Thou fool, that
+      smithy-fire was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that
+      circulates from before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein,
+      with Iron Force, and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are
+      cunning affinities and battles and victories of Force brought about; it is
+      a little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of
+      Immensity. Call it, if thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the
+      bosom of the All; whose iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence
+      reach quite through the All; whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by brain
+      and sinew, preaches forth the mystery of Force; nay preaches forth
+      (exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the
+      Gospel of Man's Force, commanding, and one day to be all-commanding.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Detached, separated! I say there is no such separation: nothing hitherto
+      was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered leaf,
+      works together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless, shoreless
+      flood of Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses. The withered
+      leaf is not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and around it, though
+      working in inverse order; else how could it rot? Despise not the rag from
+      which man makes Paper, or the litter from which the earth makes Corn.
+      Rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant; all objects are as
+      windows, through which the philosophic eye looks into Infinitude itself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+      high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its own
+      account; strictly taken, is not there at all: Matter exists only
+      spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and <i>body</i> it forth. Hence
+      Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+      Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+      only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want. On the other hand, all
+      Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven: must
+      not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the else
+      invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like Spirits,
+      revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as we often see,
+      the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise) reveal such even
+      to the outward eye?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with Beauty,
+      with Curses, and the like. Nay, if you consider it, what is Man himself,
+      and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing or visible
+      Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a light-particle,
+      down from Heaven? Thus is he said also to be clothed with a Body.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Language is called the Garment of Thought: however, it should rather be,
+      Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought. I said that
+      Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she? Metaphors are her
+      stuff: examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+      (of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such, or
+      no longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+      colorless? If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+      the Flesh-Garment, Language,&mdash;then are Metaphors its muscles and
+      tissues and living integuments. An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain
+      seek for: is not your very <i>Attention</i> a <i>Stretching-to</i>? The
+      difference lies here: some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself
+      seems osseous; some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking;
+      while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth,
+      sometimes (as in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.
+      Moreover, there are sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same
+      Thought's-Body (best naked), and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering it
+      out, may be called its false stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks (<i>Putz-Mantel</i>),
+      and tawdry woollen rags: whereof he that runs and reads may gather whole
+      hampers,&mdash;and burn them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see a more
+      surprisingly metaphorical? However, that is not our chief grievance; the
+      Professor continues:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why multiply instances? It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+      fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are: the Time-vesture of the
+      Eternal. Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+      Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season,
+      and to be laid off. Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES, rightly
+      understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed, done, and
+      been: the whole External Universe and what it holds is but Clothing; and
+      the essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF CLOTHES."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on the
+      impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+      difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling. Till
+      lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected Aid of
+      Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into the red
+      of morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain whether dawn of
+      day or dusk of utter darkness. For the last week, these so-called
+      Biographical Documents are in his hand. By the kindness of a Scottish
+      Hamburg Merchant, whose name, known to the whole mercantile world, he must
+      not mention; but whose honorable courtesy, now and often before
+      spontaneously manifested to him, a mere literary stranger, he cannot soon
+      forget,&mdash;the bulky Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its Custom-house
+      seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and miscellaneous tokens of Travel, arrived
+      here in perfect safety, and free of cost. The reader shall now fancy with
+      what hot haste it was broken up, with what breathless expectation glanced
+      over; and, alas, with what unquiet disappointment it has, since then, been
+      often thrown down, and again taken up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+      Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+      trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already: that
+      however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science originating
+      in the Head (<i>Verstand</i>) alone, no Life-Philosophy (<i>Lebensphilosophie</i>),
+      such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which originates equally in the
+      Character (<i>Gemuth</i>), and equally speaks thereto, can attain its
+      significance till the Character itself is known and seen; "till the
+      Author's View of the World (<i>Weltansicht</i>), and how he actively and
+      passively came by such view, are clear: in short till a Biography of him
+      has been philosophico-poetically written, and philosophico-poetically
+      read.... Nay," adds he, "were the speculative scientific Truth even known,
+      you still, in this inquiring age, ask yourself, Whence came it, and Why,
+      and How?&mdash;and rest not, till, if no better may be, Fancy have shaped
+      out an answer; and either in the authentic lineaments of Fact, or the
+      forged ones of Fiction, a complete picture and Genetical History of the
+      Man and his spiritual Endeavor lies before you. But why," says the
+      Hofrath, and indeed say we, "do I dilate on the uses of our
+      Teufelsdrockh's Biography? The great Herr Minister von Goethe has
+      penetratingly remarked that Man is properly the <i>only</i> object that
+      interests man:' thus I too have noted, that in Weissnichtwo our whole
+      conversation is little or nothing else but Biography or Autobiography;
+      ever humano-anecdotical (<i>menschlich-anekdotisch</i>). Biography is by
+      nature the most universally profitable, universally pleasant of all
+      things: especially Biography of distinguished individuals.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By this time, <i>mein Verehrtester</i> (my Most Esteemed)," continues he,
+      with an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from Teufelsdrockh,
+      or some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh unaccountable, "by this
+      time you are fairly plunged (<i>vertieft</i>) in that mighty forest of
+      Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers do, with
+      astonishment enough. Such portions and passages as you have already
+      mastered, and brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange curiosity
+      touching the mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled psychical
+      mechanism, which manufactured such matter, and emitted it to the light of
+      day. Had Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he, at one time, wear
+      drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat? Did he ever, in rapture and tears,
+      clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also wistfully into the long
+      burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds, and their low harsh moan, give
+      inarticulate answer? Has he fought duels;&mdash;good Heaven! how did he
+      comport himself when in Love? By what singular stair-steps, in short, and
+      subterranean passages, and sloughs of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has
+      he reached this wonderful prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry)
+      where he now dwells?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+      silent. Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+      from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has parted
+      with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad cookery,
+      blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for they have let
+      him pass), has had the Bill to discharge. But the whole particulars of his
+      Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque Sketches he took, though
+      all regularly jotted down (in indelible sympathetic-ink by an invisible
+      interior Penman), are these nowhere forthcoming? Perhaps quite lost: one
+      other leaf of that mighty Volume (of human Memory) left to fly abroad,
+      unprinted, unpublished, unbound up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport
+      of rainy winds?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No, <i>verehrtester Herr Herausgeber</i>, in no wise! I here, by the
+      unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only,
+      but an Autobiography: at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+      misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight: and so the
+      whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to the
+      wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through Hindostan,
+      and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (<i>einnehmen</i>) great
+      part of this terrestrial Planet!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in place of
+      this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find&mdash;Six
+      considerable PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in
+      gilt China-ink, with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs,
+      beginning at Libra; in the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous
+      masses of Sheets, and oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's scarce legible <i>cursiv-schrift</i>; and treating of all
+      imaginable things under the Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal
+      history only at rare intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here, speaking
+      in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once named.
+      Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological
+      Disquisition, "Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The continued
+      Possibility of Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite private, not
+      unimportant Biographical fact. On certain sheets stand Dreams, authentic
+      or not, while the circumjacent waking Actions are omitted. Anecdotes,
+      oftenest without date of place or time, fly loosely on separate slips,
+      like Sibylline leaves. Interspersed also are long purely Autobiographical
+      delineations; yet without connection, without recognizable coherence; so
+      unimportant, so superfluously minute, they almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk
+      of this Parish." Thus does famine of intelligence alternate with waste.
+      Selection, order, appears to be unknown to the Professor. In all Bags the
+      same imbroglio; only perhaps in the Bag <i>Capricorn</i>, and those near
+      it, the confusion a little worse confounded. Close by a rather eloquent
+      Oration, "On receiving the Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked <i>bezahlt</i>
+      (settled). His Travels are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the
+      various cities he has visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most
+      living tongues, here is perhaps the completest collection extant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+      instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which
+      by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it! As we shall
+      perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in the
+      British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them, may be
+      spared. Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is, clearly
+      enough, none to be gleaned here: at most some sketchy, shadowy fugitive
+      likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of intellect, partly of
+      imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader, rise up between them.
+      Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that aqueous-chaotic Volume can the
+      contents of the Six Bags hover round us, and portions thereof be
+      incorporated with our delineation of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles) deciphering
+      these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed <i>cursiv-schrift</i>;
+      collating them with the almost equally unimaginable Volume, which stands
+      in legible print. Over such a universal medley of high and low, of hot,
+      cold, moist and dry, is he here struggling (by union of like with like,
+      which is Method) to build a firm Bridge for British travellers. Never
+      perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin and Death, built that
+      stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did any Pontifex, or Pontiff,
+      undertake such a task as the present Editor. For in this Arch too,
+      leading, as we humbly presume, far otherwards than that grand primeval
+      one, the materials are to be fished up from the weltering deep, and down
+      from the simmering air, here one mass, there another, and cunningly
+      cemented, while the elements boil beneath: nor is there any supernatural
+      force to do it with; but simply the Diligence and feeble thinking Faculty
+      of an English Editor, endeavoring to evolve printed Creation out of a
+      German printed and written Chaos, wherein, as he shoots to and fro in it,
+      gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to the far-distant Wherefore, his
+      whole Faculty and Self are like to be swallowed up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+      dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+      fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little but
+      an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for. What is the use of health, or
+      of life, if not to do some work therewith? And what work nobler than
+      transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic soil; except indeed
+      planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are privileged to do? Wild
+      as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we ever reach its real
+      meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the first dim rudiments and
+      already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in Universal History. Is not such a
+      prize worth some striving? Forward with us, courageous reader; be it
+      towards failure, or towards success! The latter thou sharest with us; the
+      former also is not all our own.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2H_4_0013">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BOOK II.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0012">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. GENESIS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether from
+      birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight is to be
+      gained. Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning remains always
+      the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great man, we rest not
+      till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole circumstances of his
+      first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of Public Entry he made,
+      are with utmost completeness rendered manifest. To the Genesis of our
+      Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter consecrated. Unhappily,
+      indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure extraction; uncertain, we might
+      almost say, whether of any: so that this Genesis of his can properly be
+      nothing but an Exodus (or transit out of Invisibility into Visibility);
+      whereof the preliminary portion is nowhere forthcoming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag <i>Libra</i>, on
+      various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas Futteral
+      and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful though now
+      verging towards old age. Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant, and even
+      regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but now, quitting the
+      halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook, cultivated a little
+      Orchard, on the produce of which he, Cincinnatus-like, lived not without
+      dignity. Fruits, the peach, the apple, the grape, with other varieties
+      came in their season; all which Andreas knew how to sell: on evenings he
+      smoked largely, or read (as beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and
+      talked to neighbors that would listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and
+      how Fritz the Only (<i>der Einzige</i>) had once with his own royal lips
+      spoken to him, had been pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel
+      demanded the pass-word, '<i>Schweig Hund</i> (Peace, hound)!' before any
+      of his staff-adjutants could answer. '<i>Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig</i>,
+      There is what I call a King,' would Andreas exclaim: 'but the smoke of
+      Kunersdorf was still smarting his eyes.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than the
+      looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+      subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (<i>wer
+      kann die Weiberchen dressiren</i>):' nevertheless she at heart loved him
+      both for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and
+      Regiment's Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid: what you
+      see, yet cannot see over, is as good as infinite. Nay, was not Andreas in
+      very deed a man of order, courage, downrightness (<i>Geradheit</i>); that
+      understood Busching's <i>Geography</i>, had been in the victory of
+      Rossbach, and left for dead in the camisade of Hochkirch? The good
+      Gretchen, for all her fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as
+      only a true house-mother can: assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured
+      for him; so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but
+      the whole habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung,
+      looked ever trim and gay: a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in
+      fruit-trees and forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising
+      many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in through
+      the very windows; under its long projecting eaves nothing but garden-tools
+      in methodic piles (to screen them from rain), and seats where, especially
+      on summer nights, a King might have wished to sit and smoke, and call it
+      his. Such a Bauergut (Copyhold) had Gretchen given her veteran; whose
+      sinewy arms, and long-disused gardening talent, had made it what you saw.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when
+      the Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless
+      journey visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (<i>Libra</i>), it
+      was that a Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave
+      salutation, stood before the two rather astonished housemates. He was
+      close-muffled in a wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding, he
+      deposited therefrom what seemed some Basket, overhung with green Persian
+      silk; saying only: <i>Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein unschatzbares
+      Verleihen; nehmt es in aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt es: mit hohem
+      Lohn, oder wohl mit schweren Zinsen, wird's einst zuruckgefordert</i>.
+      'Good Christian people, here lies for you an invaluable Loan; take all
+      heed thereof, in all carefulness employ it: with high recompense, or else
+      with heavy penalty, will it one day be required back.' Uttering which
+      singular words, in a clear, bell-like, forever memorable tone, the
+      Stranger gracefully withdrew; and before Andreas or his wife, gazing in
+      expectant wonder, had time to fashion either question or answer, was clean
+      gone. Neither out of doors could aught of him be seen or heard; he had
+      vanished in the thickets, in the dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly
+      closed: the Stranger was gone once and always. So sudden had the whole
+      transaction been, in the autumn stillness and twilight, so gentle,
+      noiseless, that the Futterals could have fancied it all a trick of
+      Imagination, or some visit from an authentic Spirit. Only that the
+      green-silk Basket, such as neither Imagination nor authentic Spirits are
+      wont to carry, still stood visible and tangible on their little
+      parlor-table. Towards this the astonished couple, now with lit candle,
+      hastily turned their attention. Lifting the green veil, to see what
+      invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid down and rich white
+      wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but, in the softest sleep,
+      a little red-colored Infant! Beside it, lay a roll of gold Friedrichs, the
+      exact amount of which was never publicly known; also a <i>Taufschein</i>
+      (baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately nothing but the Name was
+      decipherable, other document or indication none whatever.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+      Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire of
+      any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had passed
+      through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with this
+      Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise. Meanwhile, for
+      Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was: What to do with
+      this little sleeping red-colored Infant? Amid amazements and curiosities,
+      which had to die away without external satisfying, they resolved, as in
+      such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must, on nursing it,
+      though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible into manhood. The
+      Heavens smiled on their endeavor: thus has that same mysterious Individual
+      ever since had a status for himself in this visible Universe, some modicum
+      of victual and lodging and parade-ground; and now expanded in bulk,
+      faculty and knowledge of good and evil, he, as HERR DIOGENES
+      TEUFELSDROCKH, professes or is ready to profess, perhaps not altogether
+      without effect, in the new University of Weissnichtwo, the new Science of
+      Things in General."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+      that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral, In
+      his twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite
+      indelible impression. Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that glided
+      into the Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as on
+      spirit's wings, glided out again, might be? An inexpressible desire, full
+      of love and of sadness, has often since struggled within me to shape an
+      answer. Ever, in my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy turned, full
+      of longing (<i>sehnsuchtsvoll</i>), to that unknown Father, who perhaps
+      far from me, perhaps near, either way invisible, might have taken me to
+      his paternal bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe. Thou beloved
+      Father, dost thou still, shut out from me only by thin penetrable curtains
+      of earthly Space, wend to and fro among the crowd of the living? Or art
+      thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the Everlasting Night, or
+      rather of the Everlasting Day, through which my mortal eye and
+      outstretched arms need not strive to reach? Alas, I know not, and in vain
+      vex myself to know. More than once, heart-deluded, have I taken for thee
+      this and the other noble-looking Stranger; and approached him wistfully,
+      with infinite regard; but he too had to repel me, he too was not thou.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of his
+      sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar? Hadst thou, any more than I,
+      a Father whom thou knowest? The Andreas and Gretchen, or the Adam and Eve,
+      who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed thee there,
+      whom thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine, but thy
+      nursing-father and nursing-mother: thy true Beginning and Father is in
+      Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only with
+      the spiritual....
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+      embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+      Diogenes Teufelsdrockh. From the veil can nothing be inferred: a piece of
+      now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others. On the Name I have
+      many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay there any
+      clew. That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to believe. To
+      no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's Books, in and without
+      the German Empire, and through all manner of Subscriber-Lists (<i>Pranumeranten</i>),
+      Militia-Rolls, and other Name-catalogues; extraordinary names as we have
+      in Germany, the name Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to my own person,
+      nowhere occurs. Again, what may the unchristian rather than Christian
+      'Diogenes' mean? Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such
+      designation, to shadow forth my future destiny, or his own present malign
+      humor? Perhaps the latter, perhaps both. Thou ill-starred Parent, who like
+      an Ostrich hadst to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into
+      self-support by the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have
+      been a smooth one? Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed
+      by the worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct. Often have I fancied
+      how, in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+      hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit (<i>Zeitgeist</i>)
+      in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee was seered into
+      grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave in me an indignant
+      appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest against the Devil, as
+      that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time itself, is well named!
+      Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add, was not perhaps quite
+      lost in air.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+      all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+      earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously (for
+      there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the very
+      skin. And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send
+      inwards, even to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times, when
+      the whole soul is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain will
+      grow to be an all overshadowing tree! Names? Could I unfold the influence
+      of Names, which are the most important of all Clothings, I were a second
+      greater Trismegistus. Not only all common Speech, but Science, Poetry
+      itself is no other, if thou consider it, than a right <i>Naming</i>.
+      Adam's first task was giving names to natural Appearances: what is ours
+      still but a continuation of the same; be the Appearances exotic-vegetable,
+      organic, mechanic, stars, or starry movements (as in Science); or (as in
+      Poetry) passions, virtues, calamities, God-attributes, Gods?&mdash;In a
+      very plain sense the Proverb says, <i>Call one a thief, and he will steal</i>;
+      in an almost similar sense may we not perhaps say, <i>Call one Diogenes
+      Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the Philosophy of Clothes</i>?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+      his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+      out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word, by
+      all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a whole
+      infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring daily
+      to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe where he
+      had arrived, be his task therein what it might. Infinite was his progress;
+      thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle of&mdash;Speech!
+      To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh (celestial) Egg;
+      wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by degrees organic elements
+      and fibres shoot through the watery albumen; and out of vague Sensation
+      grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and we have Philosophies,
+      Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive had they
+      in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high
+      consummations, by quick yet easy stages. The Futterals, to avoid vain
+      talk, and moreover keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that he
+      was a grandnephew; the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly
+      deceased, in Andreas's distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of her
+      indigent sorrowing widower, little enough was known at Entepfuhl. Heedless
+      of all which, the Nursling took to his spoon-meat, and throve. I have
+      heard him noted as a still infant, that kept his mind much to himself;
+      above all, that seldom or never cried. He already felt that time was
+      precious; that he had other work cut out for him than whimpering."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these miscellaneous
+      Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr Teufelsdrockh's
+      genealogy. More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem to few readers than
+      to us. The Professor, in whom truly we more and more discern a certain
+      satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish whim, for the present
+      stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him: but seems it not
+      conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral," or some other perhaps
+      interested party, he has himself been deceived? Should these sheets,
+      translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl Circulating Library, some
+      cultivated native of that district might feel called to afford
+      explanation. Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts, permeate the whole
+      habitable globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe from British Literature,
+      may not some Copy find out even the mysterious basket-bearing Stranger,
+      who in a state of extreme senility perhaps still exists; and gently force
+      even him to disclose himself; to claim openly a son, in whom any father
+      may feel pride?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0013">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh: "Kind Nature, that
+      art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+      auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing of
+      Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round (<i>umgaukelt</i>)
+      by sweetest Dreams! If the paternal Cottage still shuts us in, its roof
+      still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet, priest and king,
+      and an Obedience that makes us free. The young spirit has awakened out of
+      Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet Time is no
+      fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to the child are
+      as ages: ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or quicker decay
+      and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric, from the granite
+      mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in a motionless
+      Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling Universe is
+      forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair Child, for thy
+      long rough journey is at hand! A little while, and thou too shalt sleep no
+      more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles; thou too, with old
+      Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience: 'Rest? Rest? Shall I not have
+      all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe! though a Pyrrhus conquer
+      empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he finds thee not; and thou hast
+      once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on the eyelids, on the heart of
+      every mother's child. For as yet, sleep and waking are one: the fair
+      Life-garden rustles infinite around, and everywhere is dewy fragrance, and
+      the budding of Hope; which budding, if in youth, too frost-nipt, it grow
+      to flowers, will in manhood yield no fruit, but a prickly, bitter-rinded
+      stone-fruit, of which the fewest can find the kernel."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look
+      back on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing of
+      much other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an
+      almost wearisome minuteness. We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+      derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+      extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+      beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black Sea,
+      into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+      stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all other
+      rows and clumps, towered up from the central <i>Agora</i> and <i>Campus
+      Martius</i> of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat
+      talking under its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the
+      wearied laborers reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the
+      young men and maidens often danced to flute-music. "Glorious summer
+      twilights," cries Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror and
+      Imperial Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple emblazonry, and
+      all his fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and the tired
+      brickmakers of this clay Earth might steal a little frolic, and those few
+      meek Stars would not tell of them!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Then we have long details of the <i>Weinlesen</i> (Vintage), the
+      Harvest-Home, Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the Entepfuhl
+      Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial shades from
+      those of other countries. Concerning all which, we shall here, for obvious
+      reasons, say nothing. What cares the world for our as yet miniature
+      Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "? Or even where
+      is the use of such practical reflections as the following? "In all the
+      sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages and
+      defacements, you shall discern a creative instinct (<i>schaffenden Trieb</i>):
+      the Mankin feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is to work. The
+      choicest present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or pen-gun, for
+      construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work, for Change. In
+      gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains himself to
+      Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed: the little Maid
+      again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with preference to Dolls."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+      relates it: "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather, I
+      should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and indivisible,
+      reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs: of which fashion
+      how little could I then divine the architectural, how much less the moral
+      significance!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      More graceful is the following little picture: "On fine evenings I was
+      wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+      out-of-doors. On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach by
+      climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+      pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed: there, many a sunset, have I,
+      looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish, my
+      evening meal. Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+      expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless I
+      was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+      gilding."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not
+      much intermeddle. It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper
+      sympathy with animated Nature:" but when, we would ask, saw any man, in a
+      collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this: "Impressive
+      enough (<i>bedeutungsvoll</i>) was it to hear, in early morning, the
+      Swineherd's horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds were, on
+      all sides, starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on the Heath.
+      Or to see them at eventide, all marching in again, with short squeak,
+      almost in military order; and each, topographically correct, trotting off
+      in succession to the right or left, through its own lane, to its own
+      dwelling; till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone, blew his
+      last blast, and retired for the night. We are wont to love the Hog chiefly
+      in the form of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned beings here
+      manifest intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any rate, a
+      touching, trustful submissiveness to Man,&mdash;who, were he but a
+      Swineherd, in darned gabardine, and leather breeches more resembling slate
+      or discolored-tin breeches, is still the Hierarch of this lower world?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius is
+      quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+      favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+      childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+      dunces. Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+      inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver: the inner man of
+      the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+      crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has
+      exuded and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at
+      the bottom of his stomach. "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh, "I
+      should as soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by favorable
+      or unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into a cabbage,
+      or the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence
+      of early culture and nurture: hereby we have either a doddered dwarf bush,
+      or a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow cabbage, or
+      an edible luxuriant green one. Of a truth, it is the duty of all men,
+      especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+      characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+      hindered, what in any way modified it: to which duty, nowadays so pressing
+      for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address myself."&mdash;Thou
+      rogue! Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and swineherd horns, that
+      an infant of genius is educated? And yet, as usual, it ever remains
+      doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at these Autobiographical
+      times of ours, or writing from the abundance of his own fond ineptitude.
+      For he continues: "If among the ever-streaming currents of Sights,
+      Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as in a Magic Hall,
+      young Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to select and
+      specify, perhaps these following were also of the number:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the
+      young creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency
+      given him by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+      battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect,
+      could not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.' Eagerly I
+      hung upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from
+      these perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a dim
+      world of Adventure expanded itself within me. Incalculable also was the
+      knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the Linden-tree: the
+      whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these reverend seniors,
+      talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys thereof for nigh
+      fourscore years? With amazement I began to discover that Entepfuhl stood
+      in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there was such a thing as
+      History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by hand and tongue, might
+      contribute.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In a like sense worked the <i>Postwagen</i> (Stage-coach), which,
+      slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our
+      Village: northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly
+      at eventide. Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen
+      could be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere Law
+      of Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways, from far
+      cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous shuttle into
+      closer and closer union. It was then that, independently of Schiller's <i>Wilhelm
+      Tell</i>, I made this not quite insignificant reflection (so true also in
+      spiritual things): <i>Any road, this simple Entepfuhl road, will lead you
+      to the end of the World</i>!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+      threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+      belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of May,
+      snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby? The hospitable Father (for cleanliness'
+      sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest: there they built,
+      and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I chiefly, from the
+      heart loved them. Bright, nimble creatures, who taught you the
+      mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic incorporation, almost
+      social police? For if, by ill chance, and when time pressed, your House
+      fell, have I not seen five neighborly Helpers appear next day; and
+      swashing to and fro, with animated, loud, long-drawn chirpings, and
+      activity almost super-hirundine, complete it again before nightfall?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture, where as
+      in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and simultaneously
+      poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair. Here, assembling from all
+      the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable hurry-burly. Nut-brown
+      maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed, loud-laughing, bedizened and
+      beribanded; who came for dancing, for treating, and if possible, for
+      happiness. Topbooted Graziers from the North; Swiss Brokers, Italian
+      Drovers, also topbooted, from the South; these with their subalterns in
+      leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and long ox-goads; shouting in
+      half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate barking and bellowing. Apart
+      stood Potters from far Saxony, with their crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg
+      Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen
+      from the Lago Maggiore; detachments of the <i>Wiener Schub</i>
+      (Offscourings of Vienna) vociferously superintending games of chance.
+      Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (<i>heuriger</i>)
+      flowed like water, still worse confounding the confusion; and high over
+      all, vaulted, in ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew,
+      like the genius of the place and of Life itself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+      Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes
+      of contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+      shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,&mdash;did the
+      Child sit and learn. These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime
+      he was to syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World: what
+      matters it whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small
+      ungilt ones, so you have an eye to read it? For Gneschen, eager to learn,
+      the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded all: his
+      existence was a bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as in
+      Prospero's Island, wonder after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach by
+      charming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my
+      felicity was perfect. I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into the
+      Earth. Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even in
+      childhood a dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and often
+      quite overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader and
+      broader; till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy, and
+      threatened to engulf me in final night. It was the ring of Necessity
+      whereby we are all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun brightens
+      it into a ring of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful prismatic
+      diffractions; yet ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole being, it is
+      there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+      much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly to
+      look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+      understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that. If good
+      Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+      the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most. In
+      all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+      Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished? On
+      the other side, however, things went not so well. My Active Power (<i>Thatkraft</i>)
+      was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many traces yet abide
+      with me! In an orderly house, where the litter of children's sports is
+      hateful enough, your training is too stoical; rather to bear and forbear
+      than to make and do. I was forbid much: wishes in any measure bold I had
+      to renounce; everywhere a strait bond of Obedience inflexibly held me
+      down. Thus already Freewill often came in painful collision with
+      Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at seasons the Child itself might
+      taste that root of bitterness, wherewith the whole fruitage of our life is
+      mingled and tempered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer to
+      err by excess than by defect. Obedience is our universal duty and destiny;
+      wherein whoso will not bend must break: too early and too thoroughly we
+      cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of ours, is as mere
+      zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of fractions even to
+      Shall. Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly Discretion, nay of
+      Morality itself. Let me not quarrel with my upbringing. It was rigorous,
+      too frugal, compressively secluded, every way unscientific: yet in that
+      very strictness and domestic solitude might there not lie the root of
+      deeper earnestness, of the stem from which all noble fruit must grow?
+      Above all, how unskilful soever, it was loving, it was well-meant, honest;
+      whereby every deficiency was helped. My kind Mother, for as such I must
+      ever love the good Gretchen, did me one altogether invaluable service: she
+      taught me, less indeed by word than by act and daily reverent look and
+      habitude, her own simple version of the Christian Faith. Andreas too
+      attended Church; yet more like a parade-duty, for which he in the other
+      world expected pay with arrears,&mdash;as, I trust, he has received; but
+      my Mother, with a true woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense,
+      was in the strictest acceptation Religious. How indestructibly the Good
+      grows, and propagates itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil!
+      The highest whom I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe
+      unspeakable, before a Higher in Heaven: such things, especially in
+      infancy, reach inwards to the very core of your being; mysteriously does a
+      Holy of Holies build itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and
+      Reverence, the divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean
+      envelopment of Fear. Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew,
+      were it never so rudely, there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's
+      son that only knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the
+      family-coach?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which last question we must answer: Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+      spiritual pride!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0014">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+      borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed, and
+      much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his soft hazel
+      eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still intelligence) called
+      upon for little voluntary movement there. Hitherto, accordingly, his
+      aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient Philosopher and Poet in the
+      abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr Heuschrecke himself to say wherein
+      the special Doctrine of Clothes is as yet foreshadowed or betokened. For
+      with Gneschen, as with others, the Man may indeed stand pictured in the
+      Boy (at least all the pigments are there); yet only some half of the Man
+      stands in the Child, or young Boy, namely, his Passive endowment, not his
+      Active. The more impatient are we to discover what figure he cuts in this
+      latter capacity; how, when, to use his own words, "he understands the
+      tools a little, and can handle this or that," he will proceed to handle
+      it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our
+      Philosopher's history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:
+      nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity"
+      of his, which, with no free development of the antagonist Activity,
+      distinguished his childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that, in
+      after days, and still in these present days, astonishes the world. For the
+      shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without Activity of any
+      kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man with Activity almost
+      superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden, enigmatic, that no mortal
+      can foresee its explosions, or even when it has exploded, so much as
+      ascertain its significance. A dangerous, difficult temper for the modern
+      European; above all, disadvantageous in the hero of a Biography! Now as
+      heretofore it will behoove the Editor of these pages, were it never so
+      unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man
+      of letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books. On this portion of his
+      History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent. Reading he
+      "cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature. He
+      says generally: "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+      depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken. I learned what
+      others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head, seeing as yet
+      no manner of use in it. My Schoolmaster, a down-bent, broken-hearted,
+      underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did little for me, except
+      discover that he could do little: he, good soul, pronounced me a genius,
+      fit for the learned professions; and that I must be sent to the Gymnasium,
+      and one day to the University. Meanwhile, what printed thing soever I
+      could meet with I read. My very copper pocket-money I laid out on
+      stall-literature; which, as it accumulated, I with my own hands sewed into
+      volumes. By this means was the young head furnished with a considerable
+      miscellany of things and shadows of things: History in authentic fragments
+      lay mingled with Fabulous chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the
+      whole not as dead stuff, but as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a
+      mind as yet so peptic."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know. Indeed, already
+      in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there may have
+      been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms of a spirit
+      singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical. Thus, to say nothing of his
+      Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that earlier period,
+      have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their twelfth year, on such
+      reflections as the following? "It struck me much, as I sat by the Kuhbach,
+      one silent noontide, and watched it flowing, gurgling, to think how this
+      same streamlet had flowed and gurgled, through all changes of weather and
+      of fortune, from beyond the earliest date of History. Yes, probably on the
+      morning when Joshua forded Jordan; even as at the mid-day when Caesar,
+      doubtless with difficulty, swam the Nile, yet kept his <i>Commentaries</i>
+      dry,&mdash;this little Kuhbach, assiduous as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was
+      murmuring on across the wilderness, as yet unnamed, unseen: here, too, as
+      in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is a vein or veinlet of the grand
+      World-circulation of Waters, which, with its atmospheric arteries, has
+      lasted and lasts simply with the World. Thou fool! Nature alone is
+      antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that idle crag thou sittest on is
+      six thousand years of age." In which little thought, as in a little
+      fountain, may there not lie the beginning of those well-nigh unutterable
+      meditations on the grandeur and mystery of TIME, and its relation to
+      ETERNITY, which play such a part in this Philosophy of Clothes?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers so
+      lyrical and joyful as over his childhood. Green sunny tracts there are
+      still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+      stagnating into sour marshes of discontent. "With my first view of the
+      Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began. Well do I still
+      remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope by
+      the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place, and
+      saw its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and <i>Schuldthurm</i> (Jail),
+      and the aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast: a little
+      dog, in mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps had tied a tin
+      kettle to its tail; thus did the agonized creature, loud-jingling, career
+      through the whole length of the Borough, and become notable enough. Fit
+      emblem of many a Conquering Hero, to whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense,
+      as it often elsewhere does) has malignantly appended a tin kettle of
+      Ambition, to chase him on; which the faster he runs, urges him the faster,
+      the more loudly and more foolishly! Fit emblem also of much that awaited
+      myself, in that mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion
+      and epitome!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance: I was
+      among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards me; the
+      young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone." His
+      school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him: "They were Boys," he says,
+      "mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which bids the
+      deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to death any
+      broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong tyrannize
+      over the weak." He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual degree
+      morally courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain have
+      avoided it; a result, as would appear, owing less to his small personal
+      stature (for in passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"), than to
+      his "virtuous principles:" "if it was disgraceful to be beaten," says he,
+      "it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as fought; thus was
+      I drawn two ways at once, and in this important element of school-history,
+      the war-element, had little but sorrow." On the whole, that same excellent
+      "Passivity," so notable in Teufelsdrockh's childhood, is here visibly
+      enough again getting nourishment. "He wept often; indeed to such a degree
+      that he was nicknamed <i>Der Weinende</i> (the Tearful), which epithet,
+      till towards his thirteenth year, was indeed not quite unmerited. Only at
+      rare intervals did the young soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage, and,
+      with a stormfulness (<i>Ungestum</i>) under which the boldest quailed,
+      assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at least of Mankin." In all
+      which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree and cinnamon-tree (of
+      genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and ignoble shrubs; and
+      forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only, and not outwards; into
+      a <i>height</i> quite sickly, and disproportioned to its <i>breadth</i>?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+      Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+      Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So that,
+      except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went about, as
+      was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there learning many
+      things;" and farther lighted on some small store of curious reading, in
+      Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he lodged,&mdash;his time, it would
+      appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the Professor has not yet learned
+      to look upon with any contentment. Indeed, throughout the whole of this
+      Bag <i>Scorpio</i>, where we now are, and often in the following Bag, he
+      shows himself unusually animated on the matter of Education, and not
+      without some touch of what we might presume to be anger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+      man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+      account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+      themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it fostering
+      the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder, the
+      like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be manufactured at Nurnberg
+      out of wood and leather, foster the growth of anything; much more of Mind,
+      which grows, not like a vegetable (by having its roots littered with
+      etymological compost), but like a spirit, by mysterious contact of Spirit;
+      Thought kindling itself at the fire of living Thought? How shall <i>he</i>
+      give kindling, in whose own inward man there is no live coal, but all is
+      burnt out to a dead grammatical cinder? The Hinterschlag Professors knew
+      syntax enough; and of the human soul thus much: that it had a faculty
+      called Memory, and could be acted on through the muscular integument by
+      appliance of birch-rods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+      discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+      all hands fitly encouraged: till communities and individuals discover, not
+      without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by Knowledge
+      can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by Gunpowder; that
+      with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there should be
+      world-honored Dignitaries, and were it possible, true God-ordained
+      Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the Soldier wears openly, and
+      even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have travelled, did
+      the Schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool: nay, were he to walk
+      abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom expected honor, would
+      there not, among the idler class, perhaps a certain levity be excited?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+      died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+      first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+      melancholy. "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+      yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable silent
+      nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word, NEVER! now
+      first showed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got vent; but in
+      my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in silent desolation.
+      Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is so healthful that it
+      even finds nourishment in Death: these stern experiences, planted down by
+      Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a whole cypress-forest, sad but
+      beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the
+      hottest sunshine, through long years of youth:&mdash;as in manhood also it
+      does, and will do; for I have now pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree;
+      the Tomb is now my inexpugnable Fortress, ever close by the gate of which
+      I look upon the hostile armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous
+      Life placidly enough, and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still
+      smile. O ye loved ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest,
+      whom in life I could only weep for and never help; and ye, who
+      wide-scattered still toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the
+      flinty ground with your blood,&mdash;yet a little while, and we shall all
+      meet THERE, and our Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's
+      harness, and Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol
+      and inhabit ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of
+      the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in life
+      (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the genealogy
+      of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the Fowler: the
+      whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It only concerns us
+      to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen revealed to her
+      foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or indeed of any
+      kindred, having come into historical existence in the way already known to
+      us. "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not only of Possession,
+      but even of Remembrance. Sorrow and Wonder, here suddenly united, could
+      not but produce abundant fruit. Such a disclosure, in such a season,
+      struck its roots through my whole nature: ever till the years of mature
+      manhood, it mingled with my whole thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my
+      day-dreams and night-dreams grew. A certain poetic elevation, yet also a
+      corresponding civic depression, it naturally imparted: <i>I was like no
+      other</i>; in which fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener
+      to frightfullest results, may there not lie the first spring of
+      tendencies, which in my Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth,
+      so in action, speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not
+      numerous."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the Bag <i>Sagittarius</i>, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+      become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will
+      nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the
+      way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our
+      readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in a
+      Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found, and must
+      always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In <i>Sagittarius</i>,
+      however, Teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than usually
+      Sibylline: fragments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir,
+      College-Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn
+      Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together as
+      if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To combine
+      any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much more, to
+      decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the
+      Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+      thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+      Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at
+      length perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the
+      living Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities. From such
+      Fountain he draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his
+      whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements,
+      entanglements, aberrations are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps are
+      even pecuniary distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in spite of
+      advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him hither, must after a
+      time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand." Nevertheless in an
+      atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humor of that young Soul,
+      what character is in him, first decisively reveals itself; and, like
+      strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of colors, some of
+      which are prismatic. Thus, with the aid of Time and of what Time brings,
+      has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdrockh waxed into manly stature; and
+      into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new eagerness, How he
+      specially came by it, and regret anew that there is no more explicit
+      answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially significant fragments,
+      which are few in number, shall be extracted from that Limbo of a
+      Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As if, in the Bag <i>Scorpio</i>, Teufelsdrockh had not already
+      expectorated his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name <i>Sagittarius</i>,
+      he had thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in
+      with such matter as this: "The University where I was educated still
+      stands vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which
+      name, however, I, from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall
+      in nowise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England and
+      Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Universities. This is
+      indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly as may be, impossible:
+      however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit: nay, I can conceive a
+      worse system than that of the Nameless itself; as poisoned victual may be
+      worse than absolute hunger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+      ditch: wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer, if
+      both leader and led simply&mdash;sit still? Had you, anywhere in Crim
+      Tartary, walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small,
+      ill-chosen Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred Christian
+      striplings, to tumble about as they listed, from three to seven years:
+      certain persons, under the title of Professors, being stationed at the
+      gates, to declare aloud that it was a University, and exact considerable
+      admission-fees,&mdash;you had, not indeed in mechanical structure, yet in
+      spirit and result, some imperfect resemblance of our High Seminary. I say,
+      imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was quite other, so neither was
+      our result altogether the same: unhappily, we were not in Crim Tartary,
+      but in a corrupt European city, full of smoke and sin; moreover, in the
+      middle of a Public, which, without far costlier apparatus than that of the
+      Square Enclosure, and Declaration aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled, with
+      the most surprising profit. Towards anything like a <i>Statistics of
+      Imposture</i>, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange
+      indifference, our Economists, nigh buried under Tables for minor Branches
+      of Industry, have altogether overlooked the grand all-overtopping
+      Hypocrisy Branch; as if our whole arts of Puffery, of Quackery,
+      Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the innumerable other crafts and mysteries of
+      that genus, had not ranked in Productive Industry at all! Can any one, for
+      example, so much as say, What moneys, in Literature and Shoeblacking, are
+      realized by actual Instruction and actual jet Polish; what by
+      fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such; specifying, in distinct items,
+      the distributions, circulations, disbursements, incomings of said moneys,
+      with the smallest approach to accuracy? But to ask, How far, in all the
+      several infinitely complected departments of social business, in
+      government, education, in manual, commercial, intellectual fabrication of
+      every sort, man's Want is supplied by true Ware; how far by the mere
+      Appearance of true Ware:&mdash;in other words, To what extent, by what
+      methods, with what effects, in various times and countries, Deception
+      takes the place of wages of Performance: here truly is an Inquiry big with
+      results for the future time, but to which hitherto only the vaguest answer
+      can be given. If for the present, in our Europe, we estimate the ratio of
+      Ware to Appearance of Ware so high even as at One to a Hundred (which,
+      considering the Wages of a Pope, Russian Autocrat, or English
+      Game-Preserver, is probably not far from the mark),&mdash;what almost
+      prodigious saving may there not be anticipated, as the <i>Statistics of
+      Imposture</i> advances, and so the manufacturing of Shams (that of
+      Realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction therefrom) gradually
+      declines, and at length becomes all but wholly unnecessary!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This for the coming golden ages. What I had to remark, for the present
+      brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+      Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can as
+      yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature, and
+      man's Gullibility not his worst blessing. Suppose your sinews of war quite
+      broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but exhausted;
+      and that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut your and each
+      other's throat,&mdash;then were it not well could you, as if by miracle,
+      pay them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated water, or
+      mere imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came up, they
+      might be kept together and quiet? Such perhaps was the aim of Nature, who
+      does nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite, Man, with this his
+      so omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being Gulled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+      mechanism for itself! These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+      with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then too
+      with no great effort, by quite another class of persons. Which Reputation,
+      like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the general current,
+      bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on their part, to hold
+      long together, and of its own accord assiduously grind for them. Happy
+      that it was so, for the Millers! They themselves needed not to work; their
+      attempts at working, at what they called Educating, now when I look back
+      on it, fill me with a certain mute admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+      highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+      furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+      Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into a
+      state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to end
+      in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (<i>crepiren</i>) in
+      finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.&mdash;But
+      this too is portion of mankind's lot. If our era is the Era of Unbelief,
+      why murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come? As in
+      long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith
+      alternate with the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer
+      luxuriance of all Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations, be
+      followed by, and again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter dissolution.
+      For man lives in Time, has his whole earthly being, endeavor and destiny
+      shaped for him by Time: only in the transitory Time-Symbol is the
+      ever-motionless Eternity we stand on made manifest. And yet, in such
+      winter-seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler-minded perhaps a
+      comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and work; and for
+      the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating animals, safe-lodged in some
+      Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other superstitious or voluptuous
+      Castle of Indolence, they can slumber through, in stupid dreams, and only
+      awaken when the loud-roaring hailstorms have all alone their work, and to
+      our prayers and martyrdoms the new Spring has been vouchsafed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+      Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful. "The hungry
+      young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for food, were
+      bidden eat the east-wind. What vain jargon of controversial Metaphysic,
+      Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named Science, was current
+      there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the most. Among eleven
+      hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting some eleven eager to
+      learn. By collision with such, a certain warmth, a certain polish was
+      communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took less to rioting (<i>renommiren</i>),
+      than to thinking and reading, which latter also I was free to do. Nay from
+      the chaos of that Library, I succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps
+      than had been known to the very keepers thereof. The foundation of a
+      Literary Life was hereby laid: I learned, on my own strength, to read
+      fluently in almost all cultivated languages, on almost all subjects and
+      sciences; farther, as man is ever the prime object to man, already it was
+      my favorite employment to read character in speculation, and from the
+      Writing to construe the Writer. A certain groundplan of Human Nature and
+      Life began to fashion itself in me; wondrous enough, now when I look back
+      on it; for my whole Universe, physical and spiritual, was as yet a
+      Machine! However, such a conscious, recognized groundplan, the truest I
+      had, <i>was</i> beginning to be there, and by additional experiments might
+      be corrected and indefinitely extended."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+      destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for himself
+      the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help. Nevertheless a desert
+      this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters. Teufelsdrockh gives us
+      long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;" his Inquiries concerning
+      Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith; and how "in the silent
+      night-watches, still darker in his heart than over sky and earth, he has
+      cast himself before the All-seeing, and with audible prayers cried
+      vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death and the Grave. Not till
+      after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did the believing heart
+      surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the nightmare, Unbelief;
+      and, in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair living world for a
+      pallid, vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium. But through such Purgatory
+      pain," continues he, "it is appointed us to pass; first must the dead
+      Letter of Religion own itself dead, and drop piecemeal into dust, if the
+      living Spirit of Religion, freed from this its charnel-house, is to arise
+      on us, new-born of Heaven, and with new healing under its wings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+      measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+      sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season
+      of youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here
+      so poor in means,&mdash;do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed
+      and overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling
+      up among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor
+      than of clear flame?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to
+      be inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had not
+      altogether escaped notice: certain established men are aware of his
+      existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their
+      eyes on him. He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+      himself to the Profession of Law;&mdash;whereof, indeed, the world has
+      since seen him a public graduate. But omitting these broken,
+      unsatisfactory thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the
+      following small thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for
+      himself weaving it in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture
+      of these University years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as it
+      is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality (<i>von
+      Adel</i>), from the interior parts of England. He stood connected, by
+      blood and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of
+      Germany; to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all
+      friendliness, brought near. Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably
+      ill-cultivated; with considerable humor of character: and, bating his
+      total ignorance, for he knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar,
+      showed less of that aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for
+      most part belongs to Travellers of his nation. To him I owe my first
+      practical knowledge of the English and their ways; perhaps also something
+      of the partiality with which I have ever since regarded that singular
+      people. Towgood was not without an eye, could he have come at any light.
+      Invited doubtless by the presence of the Zahdarm Family, he had travelled
+      hither, in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his studies; he, whose
+      studies had as yet been those of infancy, hither to a University where so
+      much as the notion of perfection, not to say the effort after it, no
+      longer existed! Often we would condole over the hard destiny of the Young
+      in this era: how, after all our toil, we were to be turned out into the
+      world, with beards on our chins indeed, but with few other attributes of
+      manhood; no existing thing that we were trained to Act on, nothing that we
+      could so much as Believe. 'How has our head on the outside a polished
+      Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the inside Vacancy, or a froth of
+      Vocables and Attorney-Logic! At a small cost men are educated to make
+      leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am I educated to make? By
+      Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten and worn, as I came thus far,
+      would endow a considerable Hospital of Incurables.'&mdash;'Man, indeed,' I
+      would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty, which must be kept working, were
+      it even partly by stealth. But as for our Miseducation, make not bad
+      worse; waste not the time yet ours, in trampling on thistles because they
+      have yielded us no figs. <i>Frisch zu, Bruder</i>! Here are Books, and we
+      have brains to read them; here is a whole Earth and a whole Heaven, and we
+      have eyes to look on them: <i>Frisch zu</i>!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire. We
+      looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at once
+      harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered: motley, not
+      unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. For
+      myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours. Towards this young
+      warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even near
+      experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship. Yes, foolish
+      Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+      loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+      always. By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants. If
+      man's <i>Soul</i> is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+      Philosophy, a kind of <i>Stomach</i>, what else is the true meaning of
+      Spiritual Union but an Eating together? Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+      Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+      romance. What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+      He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+      where. Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+      man?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0015">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as quitting
+      College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes Teufelsdrockh:
+      a visible Temporary Figure (<i>Zeitbild</i>), occupying some cubic feet of
+      Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and spiritual; hopes,
+      passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in more or less
+      perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man. Capabilities there were in
+      me to give battle, in some small degree, against the great Empire of
+      Darkness: does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with his spade, extinguish
+      many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a little Order, where he found the
+      opposite? Nay your very Day-moth has capabilities in this kind; and ever
+      organizes something (into its own Body, if no otherwise), which was before
+      Inorganic; and of mute dead air makes living music, though only of the
+      faintest, by humming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned, or
+      begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought! Thaumaturgic I name
+      it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and henceforth
+      innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days, witness some.
+      Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it makes and unmakes
+      whole worlds, I shall forbear mention: but cannot the dullest hear
+      Steam-engines clanking around him? Has he not seen the Scottish
+      Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling on
+      fire-wings round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than any
+      other Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching and
+      carrying: at home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough overturning
+      the whole old system of Society; and, for Feudalism and Preservation of
+      the Game, preparing us, by indirect but sure methods, Industrialism and
+      the Government of the Wisest? Truly a Thinking Man is the worst enemy the
+      Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one announces himself, I
+      doubt not, there runs a shudder through the Nether Empire; and new
+      Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if possible, entrap him, and
+      hoodwink and handcuff him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe, been
+      called. Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+      Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace and
+      War against the Time-Prince (<i>Zeitfurst</i>), or Devil, and all his
+      Dominions, your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is so
+      difficult to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+      that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"? "Not
+      what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom. To each is given
+      a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune; to
+      each, by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of Capability.
+      But the hardest problem were ever this first: To find by study of
+      yourself, and of the ground you stand on, what your combined inward and
+      outward Capability specially is. For, alas, our young soul is all budding
+      with Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and true one.
+      Always too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions; his course
+      can be the <i>fac-simile</i> of no prior one, but is by its nature
+      original. And then how seldom will the outward Capability fit the inward:
+      though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended, dyspeptical,
+      bashful; nay what is worse than all, we are foolish. Thus, in a whole
+      imbroglio of Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to grope which is
+      ours, and often clutch the wrong one: in this mad work must several years
+      of our small term be spent, till the purblind Youth, by practice, acquire
+      notions of distance, and become a seeing Man. Nay, many so spend their
+      whole term, and in ever-new expectation, ever-new disappointment, shift
+      from enterprise to enterprise, and from side to side: till at length, as
+      exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten, they shift into their last
+      enterprise, that of getting buried.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general fate;
+      were it not that one thing saves us: our Hunger. For on this ground, as
+      the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt choice be made:
+      hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and Apprenticeships for our
+      irrational young; whereby, in due season, the vague universality of a Man
+      shall find himself ready-moulded into a specific Craftsman; and so
+      thenceforth work, with much or with little waste of Capability as it may
+      be; yet not with the worst waste, that of time. Nay even in matters
+      spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is born blind, and does not,
+      like certain other creatures, receive sight in nine days, but far later,
+      sometimes never,&mdash;is it not well that there should be what we call
+      Professions, or Bread-studies (<i>Brodzwecke</i>), preappointed us? Here,
+      circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial or total blindness is no
+      evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly round and round, still
+      fancying that it is forward and forward; and realize much: for himself
+      victual; for the world an additional horse's power in the grand corn-mill
+      or hemp-mill of Economic Society. For me too had such a leading-string
+      been provided; only that it proved a neck-halter, and had nigh throttled
+      me, till I broke it off. Then, in the words of Ancient Pistol, did the
+      world generally become mine oyster, which I, by strength or cunning, was
+      to open, as I would and could. Almost had I deceased (<i>fast war ich
+      umgekommen</i>), so obstinately did it continue shut."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was to
+      befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as it
+      painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+      details, through this Bag <i>Pisces</i>, and those that follow. A young
+      man of high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled
+      colt, "breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar
+      manger, into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced
+      in. Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden
+      pasture: either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or, in
+      mad exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer stone-walls,
+      which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame him; till at last,
+      after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by miracle, clears his
+      way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover, yet into a certain
+      bosky wilderness where existence is still possible, and Freedom, though
+      waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness. In a word, Teufelsdrockh
+      having thrown up his legal Profession, finds himself without landmark of
+      outward guidance; whereby his previous want of decided Belief, or inward
+      guidance, is frightfully aggravated. Necessity urges him on; Time will not
+      stop, neither can he, a Son of Time; wild passions without solacement,
+      wild faculties without employment, ever vex and agitate him. He too must
+      enact that stern Monodrama, <i>No Object and no Rest</i>; must front its
+      successive destinies, work through to its catastrophe, and deduce
+      therefrom what moral he can.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat nowise
+      easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off. If we look
+      at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital, as he emerges
+      from its Nameless University, we can discern well that it was far from
+      enviable. His first Law-Examination he has come through triumphantly; and
+      can even boast that the <i>Examen Rigorosum</i> need not have frightened
+      him: but though he is hereby "an <i>Auscultator</i> of respectability,"
+      what avails it? There is next to no employment to be had. Neither, for a
+      youth without connections, is the process of Expectation very hopeful in
+      itself; nor for one of his disposition much cheered from without. "My
+      fellow Auscultators," he says, "were Auscultators: they dressed, and
+      digested, and talked articulate words; other vitality showed they almost
+      none. Small speculation in those eyes, that they did glare withal! Sense
+      neither for the high nor for the deep, nor for aught human or divine, save
+      only for the faintest scent of coming Preferment." In which words,
+      indicating a total estrangement on the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not
+      also lurk traces of a bitterness as from wounded vanity? Doubtless these
+      prosaic Auscultators may have sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and
+      tried to hate, and what was much more impossible, to despise him. Friendly
+      communion, in any case, there could not be: already has the young
+      Teufelsdrockh left the other young geese; and swims apart, though as yet
+      uncertain whether he himself is cygnet or gosling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+      unpleasantly. "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of; but
+      is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only the
+      deeper-seated? So shy a man can never have been popular. We figure to
+      ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with his
+      independence, and so forth: do not his own words betoken as much? "Like a
+      very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not also with
+      Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been appointed to
+      struggle." Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+      Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+      slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined
+      to patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up as
+      "a man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+      protests. "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+      if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved on
+      it! But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing for a
+      gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust nothing
+      but the common copper."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+      contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward without
+      return, is not too clear from these Documents. Good old Gretchen seems to
+      have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other Horn of
+      Plenty, or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that "the prompt
+      nature of Hunger being well known," we are not without our anxiety. From
+      private Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences, the aid
+      derivable is small; neither, to use his own words, "does the young
+      Adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift; but at best
+      earns bread-and-water wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.
+      Nevertheless," continues he, "that I subsisted is clear, for you find me
+      even now alive." Which fact, however, except upon the principle of our
+      true-hearted, kind old Proverb, that "there is always life for a living
+      one," we must profess ourselves unable to explain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the mark
+      of Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+      independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way. Here also
+      occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps throw
+      light on his condition. The first has now no date, or writer's name, but a
+      huge Blot; and runs to this effect: "The (<i>Inkblot</i>), tied down by
+      previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the Herr
+      Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees himself
+      under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what were
+      otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a man of
+      genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting." The other is on gilt
+      paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now dead, yet
+      which once lived and beneficently worked. We give it in the original: "<i>Herr
+      Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN
+      THEE schonstens eingeladen</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+      urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+      quite fluid <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>! How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual
+      hand-grips with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these
+      Musical and Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited
+      to a feast of chickenweed, we can only conjecture. Perhaps in expressive
+      silence, and abstinence: otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast
+      at all, it cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens. For the
+      rest, as this Frau Grafinn dates from the <i>Zahdarm House</i>, she can be
+      no other than the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual
+      tendencies, and good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of Herr
+      Towgood, or on his own footing, are hereby manifest. That some sort of
+      relation, indeed, continued, for a time, to connect our Autobiographer,
+      though perhaps feebly enough, with this noble House, we have elsewhere
+      express evidence. Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it was in vain;
+      enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses of the great world,
+      from which we at one time fancied him to have been always excluded. "The
+      Zahdarms," says he, "lived in the soft, sumptuous garniture of
+      Aristocracy; whereto Literature and Art, attracted and attached from
+      without, were to serve as the handsomest fringing. It was to the <i>Gnadigen
+      Frau</i> (her Ladyship) that this latter improvement was due: assiduously
+      she gathered, dexterously she fitted on, what fringing was to be had; lace
+      or cobweb, as the place yielded." Was Teufelsdrockh also a fringe, of lace
+      or cobweb; or promising to be such? "With his <i>Excellenz</i> (the
+      Count)," continues he, "I have more than once had the honor to converse;
+      chiefly on general affairs, and the aspect of the world, which he, though
+      now past middle life, viewed in no unfavorable light; finding indeed,
+      except the Outrooting of Journalism (<i>die auszurottende Journalistik</i>),
+      little to desiderate therein. On some points, as his <i>Excellenz</i> was
+      not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant to keep silence. Besides, his
+      occupation being that of Owning Land, there might be faculties enough,
+      which, as superfluous for such use, were little developed in him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless, and
+      many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+      improvements, we can readily conjecture. With nothing but a barren
+      Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes
+      from within, his position was no easy one. "The Universe," he says, "was
+      as a mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede, or be
+      devoured. In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in the
+      blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought, unfolding
+      itself. A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew not the
+      solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only from
+      discords set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as victory
+      is only possible by battle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by not
+      unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human happiness,
+      could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under barrels, or
+      rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their lawful
+      studies and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the age of
+      twenty-five. With which suggestion, at least as considered in the light of
+      a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+      Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (<i>Madchen</i>)
+      are, to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+      gentlemen (<i>Bubchen</i>) do then attain their maximum of detestability.
+      Such gawks (<i>Gecken</i>) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with
+      such a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+      vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward. No mortal's
+      endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+      unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+      infinitely better, were it worthy of him. Life everywhere is the most
+      manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three: multiply
+      your second and third term together, divide the product by the first, and
+      your quotient will be the answer,&mdash;which you are but an ass if you
+      cannot come at. The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that, do
+      what one will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal
+      repeater, and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+      Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+      still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful, yet
+      still afflictive derangement of head? Alas, on the former side alone, his
+      case was hard enough. "It continues ever true," says he, "that Saturn, or
+      Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his Children: only by incessant
+      Running, by incessant Working, may you (for some threescore-and-ten years)
+      escape him; and you too he devours at last. Can any Sovereign, or Holy
+      Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time stand still; even in thought, shake
+      themselves free of Time? Our whole terrestrial being is based on Time, and
+      built of Time; it is wholly a Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author
+      of it, the material of it. Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to
+      work,&mdash;in the right direction. Are not our Bodies and our Souls in
+      continual movement, whether we will or not; in a continual Waste,
+      requiring a continual Repair? Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and
+      inward Wants were but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we
+      have done, is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do
+      anew. O Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk
+      us so deep in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments
+      can so much as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us! Me,
+      however, as a Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time
+      threatening to eat quite prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was no
+      good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet." That is
+      to say, we presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world, that
+      Teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to work,&mdash;in
+      the right direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby he became
+      wretched enough. As was natural: with haggard Scarcity threatening him in
+      the distance; and so vehement a soul languishing in restless inaction, and
+      forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by rust,
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+      done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may we
+      not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor and
+      perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy itself?
+      Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too defensive;
+      not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack. "So far
+      hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was notable, if for
+      anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as my friends often
+      rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor of my feelings. I,
+      in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love and of fear. The
+      mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that has a sense for
+      the Godlike. Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed, and by half-strangers
+      hated, for my so-called Hardness (<i>Harte</i>), my Indifferentism towards
+      men; and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted, as my favorite dialect
+      in conversation. Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was but as a buckram case,
+      wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so my own poor Person might
+      live safe there, and in all friendliness, being no longer exasperated by
+      wounds. Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the Devil;
+      for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it. But how many
+      individuals did I, in those days, provoke into some degree of hostility
+      thereby! An ironic man, with his sly stillness, and ambuscading ways, more
+      especially an ironic young man, from whom it is least expected, may be
+      viewed as a pest to society. Have we not seen persons of weight and name
+      coming forward, with gentlest indifference, to tread such a one out of
+      sight, as an insignificancy and worm, start ceiling-high (<i>balkenhock</i>),
+      and thence fall shattered and supine, to be borne home on shutters, not
+      without indignation, when he proved electric and a torpedo!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for himself
+      in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too admits, is "to
+      unite yourself with some one, and with somewhat (<i>sich anzuschliessen</i>)"?
+      Division, not union, is written on most part of his procedure. Let us add
+      too that, in no great length of time, the only important connection he had
+      ever succeeded in forming, his connection with the Zahdarm Family, seems
+      to have been paralyzed, for all practical uses, by the death of the "not
+      uncholeric" old Count. This fact stands recorded, quite incidentally, in a
+      certain <i>Discourse on Epitaphs</i>, huddled into the present Bag, among
+      so much else; of which Essay the learning and curious penetration are more
+      to be approved of than the spirit. His grand principle is, that lapidary
+      inscriptions, of what sort soever, should be Historical rather than
+      Lyrical. "By request of that worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I
+      undertook to compose his Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules,
+      produced the following; which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity,
+      a defect never yet fully visible to myself, still remains unengraven;"&mdash;wherein,
+      we may predict, there is more than the Latinity that will surprise an
+      English reader:
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [<i>sub dato</i>]; POSTREMUM [<i>sub dato</i>].
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0016">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. ROMANCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this
+      Egypt of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without
+      stubble, before ever the question once struck him with entire force: For
+      what?&mdash;<i>Beym Himmel</i>! For Food and Warmth! And are Food and
+      Warmth nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?&mdash;Come
+      of it what might, I resolved to try."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though perhaps
+      far from an improved one. Teufelsdrockh is now a man without Profession.
+      Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers, where indeed his
+      leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he desperately steers off,
+      on a course of his own, by sextant and compass of his own. Unhappy
+      Teufelsdrockh! Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic, nor Commodores pleased
+      thee, still was it not <i>a Fleet</i>, sailing in prescribed track, for
+      fixed objects; above all, in combination, wherein, by mutual guidance, by
+      all manner of loans and borrowings, each could manifoldly aid the other?
+      How wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for thyself find that shorter
+      Northwest Passage to thy fair Spice-country of a Nowhere?&mdash;A solitary
+      rover, on such a voyage, with such nautical tactics, will meet with
+      adventures. Nay, as we forthwith discover, a certain Calypso-Island
+      detains him at the very outset; and as it were falsifies and oversets his
+      whole reckoning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling,
+      and everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young Man
+      does this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the Young
+      Maiden. Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it has been so
+      appointed. On the whole, as I have often said, a Person (<i>Personlichkeit</i>)
+      is ever holy to us; a certain orthodox Anthropomorphism connects my <i>Me</i>
+      with all <i>Thees</i> in bonds of Love: but it is in this approximation of
+      the Like and Unlike, that such heavenly attraction, as between Negative
+      and Positive, first burns out into a flame. Is the pitifullest mortal
+      Person, think you, indifferent to us? Is it not rather our heartfelt wish
+      to be made one with him; to unite him to us, by gratitude, by admiration,
+      even by fear; or failing all these, unite ourselves to him? But how much
+      more, in this case of the Like-Unlike! Here is conceded us the higher
+      mystic possibility of such a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the
+      conducting medium of Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the
+      universal Spiritual Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman,
+      we first emphatically denominate LOVE.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already
+      blooms a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor,
+      in the stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a Tree
+      of Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting. Perhaps
+      too the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming Sword divide
+      it from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the imaginative stripling,
+      only the view, not the entrance. Happy season of virtuous youth, when
+      shame is still an impassable celestial barrier; and the sacred air-cities
+      of Hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets of Reality; and man, by
+      his nature, is yet infinite and free!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+      himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+      more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+      feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+      unspeakable. A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+      women were holy, were heavenly. As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+      their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on the
+      outskirts of <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>: all of air they were, all Soul and
+      Form; so lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the
+      invisible Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven. That
+      he, our poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls (<i>Holden</i>)&mdash;<i>Ach
+      Gott</i>! how could he hope it; should he not have died under it? There
+      was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as the
+      vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of true
+      Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he went;
+      and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet it was
+      by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them. But now, if on
+      a soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated into
+      tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind eyes,
+      saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle him,&mdash;good
+      Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming fire were
+      probably kindled!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+      explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+      indeed how could it fail? A nature, which, in his own figurative style, we
+      might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability; with
+      so much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the whole
+      lying in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace of
+      Fantasy:" have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready, on
+      occasion of the smallest spark, to blaze up? Neither, in this our
+      Life-element, are sparks anywhere wanting. Without doubt, some Angel,
+      whereof so many hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts of <i>AEsthetic
+      Tea</i>," flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance, kindle no
+      despicable firework. Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework, and flamed off
+      rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor, each growing
+      naturally from the other, through the several stages of a happy Youthful
+      Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young soul relieved
+      with little damage! Happy, if it did not rather prove a Conflagration and
+      mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself; nay perhaps bursting
+      the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best, bursting the thin
+      walls of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage thenceforth all
+      unchecked among the contiguous combustibles (which were Madness): till of
+      the so fair and manifold internal world of our Diogenes, there remained
+      Nothing, or only the "crater of an extinct volcano"!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From multifarious Documents in this Bag <i>Capricornus</i>, and in the
+      adjacent ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our
+      philosopher, as stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and even
+      frantically in Love: here therefore may our old doubts whether his heart
+      were of stone or of flesh give way. He loved once; not wisely but too
+      well. And once only: for as your Congreve needs a new case or wrappage for
+      every new rocket, so each human heart can properly exhibit but one Love,
+      if even one; the "First Love which is infinite" can be followed by no
+      second like unto it. In more recent years, accordingly, the Editor of
+      these Sheets was led to regard Teufelsdrockh as a man not only who would
+      never wed, but who would never even flirt; whom the grand-climacteric
+      itself, and <i>St. Martin's Summer</i> of incipient Dotage, would crown
+      with no new myrtle-garland. To the Professor, women are henceforth Pieces
+      of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed, which celestial pieces he glories to
+      survey in galleries, but has lost thought of purchasing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh
+      in this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what
+      specialties of successive configuration, splendor and color, his Firework
+      blazes off. Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can meet with
+      here. From amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy, with their mad
+      Petrarchan and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among all sorts of
+      quite extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name can be
+      deciphered. For, without doubt, the title <i>Blumine</i>, whereby she is
+      here designated, and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be
+      fictitious. Was her real name Flora, then? But what was her surname, or
+      had she none? Of what station in Life was she; of what parentage, fortune,
+      aspect? Specially, by what Pre-established Harmony of occurrences did the
+      Lover and the Loved meet one another in so wide a world; how did they
+      behave in such meeting? To all which questions, not unessential in a
+      Biographic work, mere Conjecture must for most part return answer. "It was
+      appointed," says our Philosopher, "that the high celestial orbit of
+      Blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our Forlorn; that he,
+      looking in her empyrean eyes, should fancy the upper Sphere of Light was
+      come down into this nether sphere of Shadows; and finding himself
+      mistaken, make noise enough."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some
+      one's Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+      insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+      relatives. But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle? Was it by the
+      humid vehicle of <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>, or by the arid one of mere
+      Business? Was it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who,
+      as an ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation,
+      especially for young cynical Nondescripts? To all appearance, it was
+      chiefly by Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever
+      saw thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in his
+      pocket the last <i>Relatio ex Actis</i> he would ever write, but must have
+      paused to wonder! Noble Mansion! There stoodest thou, in deep Mountain
+      Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude; stately,
+      massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams, like a palace
+      of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal. Beautiful rose up, in wavy
+      curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest was their
+      sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted by some
+      spreading solitary Tree and its shadow. To the unconscious Wayfarer thou
+      wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste; where, for joy and
+      woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written. Well might he pause and gaze;
+      in that glance of his were prophecy and nameless forebodings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed
+      in his <i>Relatio ex Actis</i>; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and
+      so, instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home, is
+      ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames and
+      cavaliers: if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+      conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and pure
+      voices making the stillness live." Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+      Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+      "Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors of
+      thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+      wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+      velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain peaks:
+      so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy
+      creatures: it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT in the
+      bosom-vesture of Summer herself. How came it that the Wanderer advanced
+      thither with such forecasting heart (<i>ahndungsvoll</i>), by the side of
+      his gay host? Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard bosom
+      ought to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try him; to
+      mock him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+      name to&mdash;Blumine! Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced
+      Blumine, there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights. Noblest
+      maiden! whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at,
+      for the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+      heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices: from all which vague
+      colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+      our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+      blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+      Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+      naphtha-fire. Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet so
+      stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and sunlight
+      played over earnest deeps: but all this he had seen only as a magic
+      vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality. Her sphere was too
+      far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how should they
+      so much as once meet together? And now that Rose-goddess sits in the same
+      circle with him; the light of <i>her</i> eyes has smiled on him; if he
+      speak, she will hear it! Nay, who knows, since the heavenly Sun looks into
+      lowest valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime noted the so
+      unnotable; perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had from hers,
+      gathered wonder, gathered favor for him? Was the attraction, the agitation
+      mutual, then; pole and pole trembling towards contact, when once brought
+      into neighborhood? Say rather, heart swelling in presence of the Queen of
+      Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once near its Moon! With the Wanderer
+      it was even so: as in heavenward gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of
+      a Seraph's wand, his whole soul is roused from its deepest recesses; and
+      all that was painful and that was blissful there, dim images, vague
+      feelings of a whole Past and a whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies
+      within him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk forcibly
+      together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of what sort
+      soever, in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming Stolidity. How
+      was it, then, that here, when trembling to the core of his heart, he did
+      not sink into swoons, but rose into strength, into fearlessness and
+      clearness? It was his guiding Genius (<i>Damon</i>) that inspired him; he
+      must go forth and meet his Destiny. Show thyself now, whispered it, or be
+      forever hid. Thus sometimes it is even when your anxiety becomes
+      transcendental, that the soul first feels herself able to transcend it;
+      that she rises above it, in fiery victory; and borne on new-found wings of
+      victory, moves so calmly, even because so rapidly, so irresistibly. Always
+      must the Wanderer remember, with a certain satisfaction and surprise, how
+      in this case he sat not silent but struck adroitly into the stream of
+      conversation; which thenceforth, to speak with an apparent not a real
+      vanity, he may say that he continued to lead. Surely, in those hours, a
+      certain inspiration was imparted him, such inspiration as is still
+      possible in our late era. The self-secluded unfolds himself in noble
+      thoughts, in free, glowing words; his soul is as one sea of light, the
+      peculiar home of Truth and Intellect; wherein also Fantasy bodies forth
+      form after form, radiant with all prismatic hues."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+      "Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+      pouring forth Philistinism (<i>Philistriositaten</i>.); little witting
+      what hero was here entering to demolish him! We omit the series of
+      Socratic, or rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby
+      the monster, "persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn
+      for the night. "Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the
+      discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most: but what were all
+      applauses to the glad smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh,
+      wherewith Blumine herself repaid the victor? He ventured to address her
+      she answered with attention: nay what if there were a slight tremor in
+      that silver voice; what if the red glow of evening were hiding a transient
+      blush!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+      another: it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with full
+      freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man. Gayly in light,
+      graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for the
+      burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which are
+      indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the poor
+      claims of <i>Me</i> and <i>Thee</i>, no longer parted by rigid fences, now
+      flowed softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious, many-tinted,
+      like some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner of which were Love
+      only. Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind environment of place
+      and time. And yet as the light grew more aerial on the mountaintops, and
+      the shadows fell longer over the valley, some faint tone of sadness may
+      have breathed through the heart; and, in whispers more or less audible,
+      reminded every one that as this bright day was drawing towards its close,
+      so likewise must the Day of Man's Existence decline into dust and
+      darkness; and with all its sick toilings, and joyful and mournful noises,
+      sink in the still Eternity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy: the words
+      from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass; all
+      better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us to be
+      here. At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his: in the balmy twilight,
+      with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting again, which
+      was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small soft fingers, and it
+      seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily withdrawn."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit: the Queen
+      of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and there, by
+      art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound and spell-bound thee.
+      "Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he elsewhere; "yet has it many
+      points in common therewith. I call it rather a discerning of the Infinite
+      in the Finite, of the Idea made Real; which discerning again may be either
+      true or false, either seraphic or demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity. But
+      in the former case too, as in common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds
+      itself to sight; on the so petty domain of the Actual plants its
+      Archimedes-lever, whereby to move at will the infinite Spiritual. Fantasy
+      I might call the true Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man: his sensuous life
+      is but the small temporary stage (<i>Zeitbuhne</i>), whereon
+      thick-streaming influences from both these far yet near regions meet
+      visibly, and act tragedy and melodrama. Sense can support herself
+      handsomely, in most countries, for some eighteenpence a day; but for
+      Fantasy planets and solar-systems will not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus
+      conquering the world, yet drinking no better red wine than he had before."
+      Alas! witness also your Diogenes, flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven,
+      and verging towards Insanity, for prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if
+      the Earth held but one and not several of these!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says that, in Town, they met again: "day after day, like his heart's
+      sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him. Ah! a little while ago, and he was
+      yet in all darkness: him what Graceful (<i>Holde</i>) would ever love?
+      Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe in
+      himself. Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses; solitary
+      from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself, with a sad
+      indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of existence. And
+      now, O now! 'She looks on thee,' cried he: 'she the fairest, noblest; do
+      not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised? The
+      Heaven's-Messenger! All Heaven's blessings be hers!' Thus did soft
+      melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude; sweetest
+      intimations that he also was a man, that for him also unutterable joys had
+      been provided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears,
+      and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music: such was the
+      element they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by
+      this fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and
+      the new Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him. Fairest Blumine! And, even
+      as a Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate! Was
+      there so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with? Was
+      she not to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring
+      with it airs from Heaven? As from AEolian Harps in the breath of dawn, as
+      from the Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora, unearthly
+      music was around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest. Pale Doubt
+      fled away to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and hope. The
+      past, then, was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden of Eden,
+      then, and could not discern it! But lo now! the black walls of his prison
+      melt away; the captive is alive, is free. If he loved his Disenchantress?
+      <i>Ach Gott</i>! His whole heart and soul and life were hers, but never
+      had he named it Love: existence was all a Feeling, not yet shaped into a
+      Thought."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+      neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can
+      abide by Feeling alone. The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in her
+      soft, fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest of
+      Necessity, to cut asunder these so blissful bonds." He even appears
+      surprised at the "Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose
+      meagre hunger-bitten philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from
+      the first, faintly approved of." We, even at such distance, can explain it
+      without necromancy. Let the Philosopher answer this one question: What
+      figure, at that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in
+      polished society? Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig, or
+      even a simple iron-spring one? Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator," before
+      whom lies no prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion of young
+      hearts" keep the human kitchen warm? Pshaw! thy divine Blumine, when she
+      "resigned herself to wed some richer," shows more philosophy, though but
+      "a woman of genius," than thou, a pretended man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+      royal splendor it waxes, and rises. Let no one ask us to unfold the
+      glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+      instantaneous dissolution. How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+      madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+      delineation be organized? Besides, of what profit were it? We view, with a
+      lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and shoot
+      upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous star:
+      but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural elasticity, or
+      accident of fire, it has exploded? A hapless air-navigator, plunging, amid
+      torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused wreck, fast enough into the jaws
+      of the Devil! Suffice it to know that Teufelsdrockh rose into the highest
+      regions of the Empyrean, by a natural parabolic track, and returned thence
+      in a quick perpendicular one. For the rest, let any feeling reader, who
+      has been unhappy enough to do the like, paint it out for himself:
+      considering only that if he, for his perhaps comparatively insignificant
+      mistress, underwent such agonies and frenzies, what must Teufelsdrockh's
+      have been, with a fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine! We glance
+      merely at the final scene:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the fair
+      creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping. Alas, no
+      longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that the
+      Doomsday had dawned! She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to meet no
+      more." The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to himself in this
+      dread hour: but what avails it? We omit the passionate expostulations,
+      entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not even an explanation
+      was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe. "'Farewell, then, Madam!'
+      said he, not without sternness, for his stung pride helped him. She put
+      her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears started to her eyes; in
+      wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom; their lips were joined, their
+      two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into one,&mdash;for the first time
+      and for the last!" Thus was Teufelsdrockh made immortal by a kiss. And
+      then? Why, then&mdash;"thick curtains of Night rushed over his soul, as
+      rose the immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the ruins as of a
+      shivered Universe was he falling, falling, towards the Abyss."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0017">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must often
+      be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex, intricate
+      a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and emitting, such
+      as the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on no grand occasion
+      and convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the woe-storm could you
+      predict his demeanor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the
+      so passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe" in
+      this extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can next do:
+      Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or blow out his
+      brains. In the progress towards any of which consummations, do not such
+      readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating, brow-beating
+      (against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like, stampings,
+      smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him. He quietly lifts his <i>Pilgerstab</i>
+      (Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and begins a
+      perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe! Curious it
+      is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such intensity of
+      feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of Exaggeration in
+      speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his, that stoicism in
+      external procedure. Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in this matter of the
+      Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and Dissolution of Nature,
+      in which light doubtless it partly appeared to himself, his own nature is
+      nowise dissolved thereby; but rather is compressed closer. For once, as we
+      might say, a Blumine by magic appliances has unlocked that shut heart of
+      his, and its hidden things rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii
+      enfranchised from their glass vial: but no sooner are your magic
+      appliances withdrawn, than the strange casket of a heart springs to again;
+      and perhaps there is now no key extant that will open it; for a
+      Teufelsdrockh as we remarked, will not love a second time. Singular
+      Diogenes! No sooner has that heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place,
+      than he affects to regard it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing
+      more to be said. "One highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an
+      Angel, had recalled him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life: but a
+      gleam of Tophet passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in
+      whirlwinds, and heard the laughter of Demons. It was a Calenture," adds
+      he, "whereby the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste
+      Ocean-waters: a lying vision, yet not wholly a lie, for <i>he</i> saw it."
+      But what things soever passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what
+      ragings and despairings soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he
+      has the goodness to conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence. We know
+      it well; the first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his
+      dismembered philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek,
+      silent, or spoke of the weather and the Journals: only by a transient
+      knitting of those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing
+      one knew not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,&mdash;might you
+      have guessed what a Gehenna was within: that a whole Satanic School were
+      spouting, though inaudibly, there. To consume your own choler, as some
+      chimneys consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting,
+      if it must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one
+      of the commonest in these times.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange measure
+      he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof indeed the
+      actual condition of these Documents in <i>Capricornus</i> and <i>Aquarius
+      is</i> no bad emblem. His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome enough, are
+      without assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest seems his sole
+      guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of the Prophet had fallen
+      on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel." Doubtless, too, the chaotic
+      nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our obscurity. Quite without note of
+      preparation, for example, we come upon the following slip: "A peculiar
+      feeling it is that will rise in the Traveller, when turning some
+      hill-range in his desert road, he descries lying far below, embosomed
+      among its groves and green natural bulwarks, and all diminished to a
+      toy-box, the fair Town, where so many souls, as it were seen and yet
+      unseen, are driving their multifarious traffic. Its white steeple is then
+      truly a starward-pointing finger; the canopy of blue smoke seems like a
+      sort of Lifebreath: for always, of its own unity, the soul gives unity to
+      whatsoever it looks on with love; thus does the little Dwelling-place of
+      men, in itself a congeries of houses and huts, become for us an
+      individual, almost a person. But what thousand other thoughts unite
+      thereto, if the place has to ourselves been the arena of joyous or
+      mournful experiences; if perhaps the cradle we were rocked in still stands
+      there, if our Loving ones still dwell there, if our Buried ones there
+      slumber!" Does Teufelsdrockh as the wounded eagle is said to make for its
+      own eyrie, and indeed military deserters, and all hunted outcast
+      creatures, turn as if by instinct in the direction of their birthland,&mdash;fly
+      first, in this extremity, towards his native Entepfuhl; but reflecting
+      that there no help awaits him, take only one wistful look from the
+      distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Little happier seems to be his next flight: into the wilds of Nature; as
+      if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing. So at least we incline to
+      interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+      considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+      combined majesty and grace as here. The rocks are of that sort called
+      Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in masses
+      of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however, is here
+      tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of environment: in a
+      climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff, itself covered with
+      lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage or verdure; and white,
+      bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round the everlasting granite. In
+      fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with Grandeur: you ride through stony
+      hollows, along strait passes, traversed by torrents, overhung by high
+      walls of rock; now winding amid broken shaggy chasms, and huge fragments;
+      now suddenly emerging into some emerald valley, where the streamlet
+      collects itself into a Lake, and man has again found a fair dwelling, and
+      it seems as if Peace had established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time not
+      pretend: still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+      Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing. Reasonably might the
+      Wanderer exclaim to himself: Are not the gates of this world's happiness
+      inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not mad?
+      Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original Greek if
+      that suit thee better: 'Whoso can look on Death will start at no shadows.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for
+      now the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain mass,
+      the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on
+      horseback. Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening
+      sunset light; and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments
+      there. An upland irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex
+      branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every
+      quarter of the sky. The mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and folded
+      together: only the loftier summits look down here and there as on a second
+      plain; lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude. No trace of man
+      now visible; unless indeed it were he who fashioned that little visible
+      link of Highway, here, as would seem, scaling the inaccessible, to unite
+      Province with Province. But sunwards, lo you! how it towers sheer up, a
+      world of Mountains, the diadem and centre of the mountain region! A
+      hundred and a hundred savage peaks, in the last light of Day; all glowing,
+      of gold and amethyst, like giant spirits of the wilderness; there in their
+      silence, in their solitude, even as on the night when Noah's Deluge first
+      dried! Beautiful, nay solemn, was the sudden aspect to our Wanderer. He
+      gazed over those stupendous masses with wonder, almost with longing
+      desire; never till this hour had he known Nature, that she was One, that
+      she was his Mother and divine. And as the ruddy glow was fading into
+      clearness in the sky, and the Sun had now departed, a murmur of Eternity
+      and Immensity, of Death and of Life, stole through his soul; and he felt
+      as if Death and Life were one, as if the Earth were not dead, as if the
+      Spirit of the Earth had its throne in that splendor, and his own spirit
+      were therewith holding communion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels. Emerging from the
+      hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+      Barouche-and-four: it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+      favors: that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their marriage
+      evening! Few moments brought them near: <i>Du Himmel</i>! It was Herr
+      Towgood and&mdash;Blumine! With slight unrecognizing salutation they
+      passed me; plunged down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to Heaven,
+      and to England; and I, in my friend Richter's words, <i>I remained alone,
+      behind them, with the Night</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to
+      insert an observation, gleaned long ago from the great <i>Clothes-Volume</i>,
+      where it stands with quite other intent: "Some time before Small-pox was
+      extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of the spiritual
+      sort on Europe: I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of View-hunting. Poets
+      of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also enjoyed external
+      Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which holds good or bad
+      liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with slight incidental
+      commentary: never, as I compute, till after the <i>Sorrows of Werter</i>,
+      was there man found who would say: Come let us make a Description! Having
+      drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass! Of which endemic the Jenner
+      is unhappily still to seek." Too true!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings, so
+      far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear insight,
+      here first take their permanent character, fatuous or not. That
+      Basilisk-glance of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up what
+      little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him: Life has become
+      wholly a dark labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend, flying
+      from spectres, has to stumble about at random, and naturally with more
+      haste than progress.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+      extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which, were
+      clear record possible, would fill volumes. Hopeless is the obscurity,
+      unspeakable the confusion. He glides from country to country, from
+      condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can calculate
+      how or where. Through all quarters of the world he wanders, and apparently
+      through all circles of society. If in any scene, perhaps difficult to fix
+      geographically, he settles for a time, and forms connections, be sure he
+      will snap them abruptly asunder. Let him sink out of sight as Private
+      Scholar (<i>Privatsirender</i>), living by the grace of God in some
+      European capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the neighborhood of
+      Mecca. It is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious, quick-changing;
+      as if our Traveller, instead of limbs and highways, had transported
+      himself by some wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat. The whole, too,
+      imparted emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that collection of
+      Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct historical notice
+      sparingly interspersed: little light-islets in the world of haze! So that,
+      from this point, the Professor is more of an enigma than ever. In
+      figurative language, we might say he becomes, not indeed a spirit, yet
+      spiritualized, vaporized. Fact unparalleled in Biography: The river of his
+      History, which we have traced from its tiniest fountains, and hoped to see
+      flow onward, with increasing current, into the ocean, here dashes itself
+      over that terrific Lover's Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract, flies
+      wholly into tumultuous clouds of spray! Low down it indeed collects again
+      into pools and plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with difficulty,
+      if at all, into a general stream. To cast a glance into certain of those
+      pools and plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a chapter or two,
+      form the limit of our endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can be
+      met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs much,
+      which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit. Teufelsdrockh
+      vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest levels, comes into
+      contact with public History itself. For example, those conversations and
+      relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan Mahmoud, the Emperor
+      Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather of a diplomatic character
+      than of a biographic? The Editor, appreciating the sacredness of crowned
+      heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible trickeries of a
+      Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the present; a new time
+      may bring new insight and a different duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was none,
+      yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of mind, the
+      Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,&mdash;the answer
+      is more distinct than favorable. "A nameless Unrest," says he, "urged me
+      forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying solace.
+      Whither should I go? My Loadstars were blotted out; in that canopy of grim
+      fire shone no star. Yet forward must I; the ground burnt under me; there
+      was no rest for the sole of my foot. I was alone, alone! Ever too the
+      strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself: towards these, one
+      after the other, must I fruitlessly wander. A feeling I had, that for my
+      fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing Fountain. To many
+      fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these days, did I pilgrim;
+      to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events: but found there no
+      healing. In strange countries, as in the well-known; in savage deserts, as
+      in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever the same: how could your
+      Wanderer escape from&mdash;<i>his own Shadow</i>? Nevertheless still
+      Forward! I felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not what. From the
+      depths of my own heart, it called to me, Forwards! The winds and the
+      streams, and all Nature sounded to me, Forwards! <i>Ach Gott</i>, I was
+      even, once for all, a Son of Time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+      active enough? He says elsewhere: "The <i>Enchiridion of Epictetus</i> I
+      had ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to
+      mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling." Thou foolish
+      Teufelsdrockh How could it else? Hadst thou not Greek enough to understand
+      thus much: <i>The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought</i>, though
+      it were the noblest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How I lived?" writes he once: "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+      all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds the
+      sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man? While thou stirrest
+      and livest, thou hast a probability of victual. My breakfast of tea has
+      been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped her
+      earthen kettle with a horse-tail. I have roasted wild eggs in the sand of
+      Sahara; I have awakened in Paris <i>Estrapades</i> and Vienna <i>Malzleins</i>,
+      with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid. That I had my
+      Living to seek saved me from Dying,&mdash;by suicide. In our busy Europe,
+      is there not an everlasting demand for Intellect, in the chemical,
+      mechanical, political, religious, educational, commercial departments? In
+      Pagan countries, cannot one write Fetishes? Living! Little knowest thou
+      what alchemy is in an inventive Soul; how, as with its little finger, it
+      can create provision enough for the body (of a Philosopher); and then, as
+      with both hands, create quite other than provision; namely, spectres to
+      torment itself withal."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Poor Teufelsdrockh! Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a whole
+      Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+      comparatively a friend's! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain, or
+      of the modern Wandering Jew,&mdash;save only that he feels himself not
+      guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt,&mdash;wend to and fro with
+      aimless speed. Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by
+      footprints), write his <i>Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh</i>; even as the great
+      Goethe, in passionate words, had to write his <i>Sorrows of Werter</i>,
+      before the spirit freed herself, and he could become a Man. Vain truly is
+      the hope of your swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!
+      Nevertheless, in these sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries
+      himself (about the age of twenty) in a world such as ours, richer than
+      usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown obsolete,&mdash;what
+      can the fool think but that it is all a Den of Lies, wherein whoso will
+      not speak Lies and act Lies, must stand idle and despair? Whereby it
+      happens that, for your nobler minds, the publishing of some such Work of
+      Art, in one or the other dialect, becomes almost a necessity. For what is
+      it properly but an Altercation with the Devil, before you begin honestly
+      Fighting him? Your Byron publishes his <i>Sorrows of Lord George</i>, in
+      verse and in prose, and copiously otherwise: your Bonaparte represents his
+      <i>Sorrows of Napoleon</i> Opera, in an all-too stupendous style; with
+      music of cannon-volleys, and murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights
+      are the fires of Conflagration; his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of
+      embattled Hosts and the sound of falling Cities.&mdash;Happier is he who,
+      like our Clothes-Philosopher, can write such matter, since it must be
+      written, on the insensible Earth, with his shoe-soles only; and also
+      survive the writing thereof!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0018">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+      shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+      progressive, and growing: for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+      stand still? We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of crisis,
+      of transition: his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution into aimless
+      Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation; wherefrom the
+      fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve itself?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such transitions are ever full of pain: thus the Eagle when he moults is
+      sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one
+      upon rocks. What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts and
+      motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of anarchy and
+      misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out: as, indeed, how
+      could there be other? Have we not seen him disappointed, bemocked of
+      Destiny, through long years? All that the young heart might desire and
+      pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance, offered and
+      then snatched away. Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of useful,
+      reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger, nothing
+      granted: till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must forcibly seize
+      for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable. Alas, his cup of
+      bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever since that first
+      "ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at the very lip; and
+      then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine business, it runs
+      over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He himself says once, with more justness than originality: "Men is,
+      properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+      this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope." What, then, was our
+      Professor's possession? We see him, for the present, quite shut out from
+      Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round into a dim
+      copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of! For, as
+      he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost all tidings of
+      another and higher. Full of religion, or at least of religiosity, as our
+      Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not that, in those days, he
+      was wholly irreligious: "Doubt had darkened into Unbelief," says he;
+      "shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till you have the fixed,
+      starless, Tartarean black." To such readers as have reflected, what can be
+      called reflecting, on man's life, and happily discovered, in contradiction
+      to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy, speculative and practical, that Soul
+      is not synonymous with Stomach; who understand, therefore, in our Friend's
+      words, "that, for man's well-being, Faith is properly the one thing
+      needful; how, with it, Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the
+      shame and the cross; and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick
+      existence, by suicide, in the midst of luxury:" to such it will be clear
+      that, for a pure moral nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the
+      loss of everything. Unhappy young man! All wounds, the crush of
+      long-continued Destitution, the stab of false Friendship and of false
+      Love, all wounds in thy so genial heart, would have healed again, had not
+      its life-warmth been withdrawn. Well might he exclaim, in his wild way:
+      "Is there no God, then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever
+      since the first Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and <i>see</i>ing
+      it go? Has the word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine
+      Messenger and Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and
+      Fear, of emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's
+      Celestial-Bed? Happiness of an approving Conscience! Did not Paul of
+      Tarsus, whom admiring men have since named Saint, feel that <i>he</i> was
+      'the chief of sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (<i>wohlgemuth</i>),
+      spend much of his time in fiddling? Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder,
+      who in thy Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself,
+      and wouldst fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,&mdash;I
+      tell thee, Nay! To the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is
+      ever the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of
+      Virtue, that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of
+      injustice. What then? Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some
+      Passion; some bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others <i>profit</i>
+      by? I know not: only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness be our
+      true aim, then are we all astray. With Stupidity and sound Digestion man
+      may front much. But what, in these dull unimaginative days, are the
+      terrors of Conscience to the diseases of the Liver! Not on Morality, but
+      on Cookery, let us build our stronghold: there brandishing our frying-pan,
+      as censer, let us offer sweet incense to the Devil, and live at ease on
+      the fat things he has provided for his Elect!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done, shouting
+      question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and receive no
+      Answer but an Echo. It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair world of his;
+      wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the shrieks of
+      despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day, and no Pillar
+      of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim. To such length has the
+      spirit of Inquiry carried him. "But what boots it (<i>was thut's</i>)?"
+      cries he: "it is but the common lot in this era. Not having come to
+      spiritual majority prior to the <i>Siecle de Louis Quinze</i>, and not
+      being born purely a Loghead (<i>Dummkopf</i> ), thou hadst no other
+      outlook. The whole world is, like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old
+      Temples of the Godhead, which for long have not been rain-proof, crumble
+      down; and men ask now: Where is the Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our
+      Diogenes wicked. Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era of
+      his life was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant of
+      God, than even now when doubting God's existence. "One circumstance I
+      note," says he: "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for me,
+      what it is not always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me! I
+      nevertheless still loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance to
+      her. 'Truth!' I cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following her: no
+      Falsehood! though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of
+      Apostasy.' In conduct it was the same. Had a divine Messenger from the
+      clouds, or miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed to
+      me <i>This thou shalt do</i>, with what passionate readiness, as I often
+      thought, would I have done it, had it been leaping into the infernal Fire.
+      Thus, in spite of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical Profit-and-Loss
+      Philosophies, with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination they had brought
+      on, was the Infinite nature of Duty still dimly present to me: living
+      without God in the world, of God's light I was not utterly bereft; if my
+      as yet sealed eyes, with their unspeakable longing, could nowhere see Him,
+      nevertheless in my heart He was present, and His heaven-written Law still
+      stood legible and sacred there."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+      destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+      "The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness (<i>Unkraft</i>);
+      ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true misery. And yet
+      of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling, save by what you
+      have prospered in, by what you have done. Between vague wavering
+      Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a difference! A certain
+      inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly in us; which only our Works
+      can render articulate and decisively discernible. Our Works are the mirror
+      wherein the spirit first sees its natural lineaments. Hence, too, the
+      folly of that impossible Precept, <i>Know thyself</i>; till it be
+      translated into this partially possible one, <i>Know what thou canst work
+      at</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+      Workings amounted as yet simply to&mdash;Nothing. How then could I believe
+      in my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in? Ever did
+      this agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain
+      to me insoluble: Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even
+      as the most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern
+      times? Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could I
+      believe? Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+      Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly
+      belied? The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:
+      neither in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but
+      been everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out. A feeble
+      unit in the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing
+      given me but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness. Invisible yet
+      impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living: was
+      there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to mine?
+      O Heaven, No, there was none! I kept a lock upon my lips: why should I
+      speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends, in whose
+      withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an incredible
+      tradition? In such cases, your resource is to talk little, and that little
+      mostly from the Newspapers. Now when I look back, it was a strange
+      isolation I then lived in. The men and women around me, even speaking with
+      me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that they were alive,
+      that they were not merely automatic. In the midst of their crowded streets
+      and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as it was my own heart,
+      not another's, that I kept devouring) savage also, as the tiger in his
+      jungle. Some comfort it would have been, could I, like a Faust, have
+      fancied myself tempted and tormented of the Devil; for a Hell, as I
+      imagine, without Life, though only diabolic Life, were more frightful: but
+      in our age of Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very Devil has been pulled
+      down, you cannot so much as believe in a Devil. To me the Universe was all
+      void of Life, of Purpose, of Volition, even of Hostility: it was one huge,
+      dead, immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling on, in its dead indifference, to
+      grind me limb from limb. Oh, the vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill
+      of Death! Why was the Living banished thither companionless, conscious?
+      Why, if there is no Devil; nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the worst
+      aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh
+      threaten to fail? We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in spite
+      of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort. Hear this,
+      for example: "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper! Quite
+      another thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of your
+      Intellect, as it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no pure ray
+      can enter; a whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul drowning
+      slowly in quagmires of Disgust!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not find
+      in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+      significance enough? "From Suicide a certain after-shine (<i>Nachschein</i>)
+      of Christianity withheld me: perhaps also a certain indolence of
+      character; for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?
+      Often, however, was there a question present to me: Should some one now,
+      at the turning of that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the
+      other World, or other No-world, by pistol-shot,&mdash;how were it? On
+      which ground, too, I have often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other
+      death-scenes, exhibited an imperturbability, which passed, falsely enough,
+      for courage."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in
+      bitter protracted Death-agony, through long years. The heart within me,
+      unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous,
+      slow-consuming fire. Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear; or
+      once only when I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song, that
+      wild <i>Selig der den er im Siegesglanze findet</i> (Happy whom <i>he</i>
+      finds in Battle's splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even I
+      was not forsaken, that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die. Having
+      no hope, neither had I any definite fear, were it of Man or of Devil: nay,
+      I often felt as if it might be solacing, could the Arch-Devil himself,
+      though in Tartarean terrors, but rise to me, that I might tell him a
+      little of my mind. And yet, strangely enough, I lived in a continual,
+      indefinite, pining fear; tremulous, pusillanimous, apprehensive of I knew
+      not what: it seemed as if all things in the Heavens above and the Earth
+      beneath would hurt me; as if the Heavens and the Earth were but boundless
+      jaws of a devouring monster, wherein I, palpitating, waited to be
+      devoured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+      Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+      toiling along the dirty little <i>Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer</i>, among
+      civic rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot as
+      Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little
+      cheered; when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked
+      myself: 'What <i>art</i> thou afraid of? Wherefore, like a coward, dost
+      thou forever pip and whimper, and go cowering and trembling? Despicable
+      biped! what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee? Death?
+      Well, Death; and say the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and
+      Man may, will or can do against thee! Hast thou not a heart; canst thou
+      not suffer whatsoever it be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast,
+      trample Tophet itself under thy feet, while it consumes thee? Let it come,
+      then; I will meet it and defy it!' And as I so thought, there rushed like
+      a stream of fire over my whole soul; and I shook base Fear away from me
+      forever. I was strong, of unknown strength; a spirit, almost a god. Ever
+      from that time, the temper of my misery was changed: not Fear or whining
+      Sorrow was it, but Indignation and grim fire-eyed Defiance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (<i>das ewige Nein</i>) pealed
+      authoritatively through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then
+      was it that my whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with
+      emphasis recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most important
+      transaction in Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a
+      psychological point of view, be fitly called. The Everlasting No had said:
+      'Behold, thou art fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the
+      Devil's);' to which my whole Me now made answer: '<i>I</i> am not thine,
+      but Free, and forever hate thee!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth, or
+      Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a Man."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0019">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer
+      signifies that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation and
+      Defiance," especially against things in general, are not the most
+      peaceable inmates; yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no longer
+      a quite hopeless Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed centre to
+      revolve round. For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and
+      thunder-riven, here feels its own Freedom, which feeling is its Baphometic
+      Baptism: the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault,
+      and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions,
+      not indeed without hard battling, will doubtless by degrees be conquered
+      and pacificated. Under another figure, we might say, if in that great
+      moment, in the <i>Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer</i>, the old inward Satanic
+      School was not yet thrown out of doors, it received peremptory judicial
+      notice to quit;&mdash;whereby, for the rest, its howl-chantings,
+      Ernulphus-cursings, and rebellious gnashings of teeth, might, in the mean
+      while, become only the more tumultuous, and difficult to keep secret.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+      discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness. Not
+      wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world; at
+      worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a
+      Spectre-queller. If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells," and
+      ever without quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little secular
+      wells, whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered. In a
+      word, he is now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own heart;"
+      and clutches round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer food. Does
+      not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural state?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look upon
+      with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long vista, into
+      the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of almost the
+      earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before your eyes!
+      There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire put down, say
+      only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or less triumphantly,
+      with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt, and still burns, and
+      thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! and the far more mysterious
+      live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down there; and still
+      miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and ashes thereof (in these
+      Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its bellows-engines (in these
+      Churches), thou still seest; and its flame, looking out from every kind
+      countenance, and every hateful one, still warms thee or scorches thee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform, mystic,
+      and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of Government, with
+      the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions both of Cloth-habits
+      and of Soul-habits; much more his collective stock of Handicrafts, the
+      whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating Nature: all these things, as
+      indispensable and priceless as they are, cannot in any way be fixed under
+      lock and key, but must flit, spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from
+      Father to Son; if you demand sight of them, they are nowhere to be met
+      with. Visible Ploughmen and Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and
+      Tubal-cain downwards: but where does your accumulated Agricultural,
+      Metallurgic, and other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits
+      itself on the atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by
+      Vision); it is a thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In
+      like manner, ask me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT? In
+      vain wilt thou go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon;
+      thou findest nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of
+      Papers tied with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly devised
+      almighty GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Everywhere, yet
+      nowhere: seen only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible;
+      or if you will, mystic and miraculous. So spiritual (<i>geistig</i>) is
+      our whole daily Life: all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit,
+      invisible Force; only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace,
+      air-built, does the Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+      extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+      Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+      may belong; and thirdly&mdash;Books. In which third truly, the last
+      invented, lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous
+      indeed is the virtue of a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones,
+      yearly crumbling, yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but
+      then a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it
+      stands from year to year, and from age to age (we have Books that already
+      number some hundred and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new
+      produce of leaves (Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political
+      Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every
+      one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men. O
+      thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two centuries or
+      oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him whom they name
+      City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or
+      City-burner! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort,
+      namely over the Devil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble
+      and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and
+      Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the Earth will
+      pilgrim.&mdash;Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, in thy antiquarian
+      fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of
+      Sacchara? These stand there, as I can tell thee, idle and inert, looking
+      over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three thousand years: but
+      canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version
+      thereof?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+      Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that here,
+      for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date. Omitting
+      much, let us impart what follows:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+      cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+      remaining not so much as buried. And those red mould heaps; ay, there lie
+      the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been blown;
+      and now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight, like blown
+      Egg-shells!&mdash;Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down his
+      mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and spread them
+      out here into the softest, richest level,&mdash;intend thee, O Marchfeld,
+      for a corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be nursed; or for a
+      Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be throttled and
+      tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from the ends of
+      Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? Were thy Wagrams and Stillfrieds
+      but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of Hapsburg might
+      batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered? Konig Ottokar, amid
+      yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon; here Kaiser Franz falls
+      a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five centuries, to omit the others,
+      how has thy breast, fair Plain, been defaced and defiled! The greensward
+      is torn up and trampled down; man's fond care of it, his fruit-trees,
+      hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings, blown away with gunpowder; and the
+      kind seedfield lies a desolate, hideous Place of Skulls.&mdash;Nevertheless,
+      Nature is at work; neither shall these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost
+      devilry gainsay her: but all that gore and carnage will be shrouded in,
+      absorbed into manure; and next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay
+      greener. Thrifty unwearied Nature, ever out of our great waste educing
+      some little profit of thy own,&mdash;how dost thou, from the very carcass
+      of the Killer, bring Life for the Living!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and
+      upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil, in
+      the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls. From
+      these, by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are successively
+      selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men; Dumdrudge, at
+      her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she has, not without
+      difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even trained them to
+      crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and the
+      weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid much
+      weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red; and shipped
+      away, at the public charges, some two thousand miles, or say only to the
+      south of Spain; and fed there till wanted. And now to that same spot, in
+      the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French
+      Dumdrudge, in like manner wending: till at length, after infinite effort,
+      the two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting
+      Thirty, each with a gun in his hand. Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is
+      given; and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty
+      brisk useful craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must
+      bury, and anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the
+      Devil is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+      strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously, by
+      Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton! their
+      Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another, had the
+      cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.&mdash;Alas, so is it in
+      Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old, 'what
+      devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'&mdash;In that
+      fiction of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War is
+      perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies, in
+      person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the same,
+      and smoke in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in: but from such
+      predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and contentious
+      centuries, may still divide us!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his
+      own sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note what
+      is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of spiritual
+      culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his life were richer
+      than this. Internally, there is the most momentous instructive Course of
+      Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going on; towards the right
+      comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits, favorable to Meditation,
+      might help him rather than hinder. Externally, again, as he wanders to and
+      fro, there are, if for the longing heart little substance, yet for the
+      seeing eye sights enough in these so boundless Travels of his, granting
+      that the Satanic School was even partially kept down, what an incredible
+      knowledge of our Planet, and its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to
+      say, of all knowable things, might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+      Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+      Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying. Unknown
+      Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory, the Air,
+      by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics came,
+      through the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how he seeks
+      food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions, are
+      ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of the
+      terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself only.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lingered reflecting, and
+      even composing (<i>dichtete</i>), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in
+      that clear Lakelet moistened my bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees of
+      Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of China
+      I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and covered
+      with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.&mdash;Great Events,
+      also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated down (<i>ausgemergelt</i>) into
+      Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World
+      well lost; oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by each
+      other) in one day. All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed together,
+      and shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment there, and
+      in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith convulsed Europe
+      was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, could not escape me.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+      boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men are the
+      inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF REVELATIONS,
+      whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by some named
+      HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men, and your
+      innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic Commentaries,
+      and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox, weekly Sermons. For
+      my study, the inspired Texts themselves! Thus did not I, in very early
+      days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand behind the field-chairs,
+      under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena Highway; waiting upon the
+      great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing what I have not forgotten.
+      For&mdash;"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &mdash;But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some
+      time ago laid down, and must suppress much. Let not the sacredness of
+      Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with. Should we, at a
+      future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for Publication,
+      then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious be conceded;
+      which for the present were little better than treacherous, perhaps
+      traitorous Eavesdroppings. Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope Pius, Emperor
+      Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari) with their
+      mysteries, no notice here! Of Napoleon himself we shall only, glancing
+      from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to have been
+      of very varied character. At first we find our poor Professor on the point
+      of being shot as a spy; then taken into private conversation, even pinched
+      on the ear, yet presented with no money; at last indignantly dismissed,
+      almost thrown out of doors, as an "Ideologist." "He himself," says the
+      Professor, "was among the completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists:
+      in the Idea (<i>in der Idee</i>) he lived, moved and fought. The man was a
+      Divine Missionary, though unconscious of it; and preached, through the
+      cannon's throat, that great doctrine, <i>La carriere ouverte aux talens</i>
+      (The Tools to him that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political
+      Evangel, wherein alone can liberty lie. Madly enough he preached, it is
+      true, as Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect
+      utterance, amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case
+      admitted. Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to
+      fell unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did not
+      entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+      notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+      boundless harvest, bless."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance and
+      emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North Cape, on
+      that June Midnight. He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak" hanging round him,
+      as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole upper-garment;" and stands
+      there, on the World-promontory, looking over the infinite Brine, like a
+      little blue Belfry (as we figure), now motionless indeed, yet ready, if
+      stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the Arctic
+      latitudes, has its character: nothing but the granite cliffs ruddy-tinged,
+      the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean, over which in the
+      utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if he too were
+      slumbering. Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and cloth-of-gold;
+      yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters, like a tremulous
+      fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide itself under my
+      feet. In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for who would speak,
+      or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and Africa, fast asleep,
+      except the watchmen; and before him the silent Immensity, and Palace of
+      the Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a porch-lamp?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+      from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean Bear,
+      hails me in Russian speech: most probably, therefore, a Russian Smuggler.
+      With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to contraband trade, my
+      humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private. In vain: the monster,
+      counting doubtless on his superior stature, and minded to make sport for
+      himself, or perhaps profit, were it with murder, continues to advance;
+      ever assailing me with his importunate train-oil breath; and now has
+      advanced, till we stand both on the verge of the rock, the deep Sea
+      rippling greedily down below. What argument will avail? On the thick
+      Hyperborean, cherubic reasoning, seraphic eloquence were lost. Prepared
+      for such extremity, I, deftly enough, whisk aside one step; draw out, from
+      my interior reservoirs, a sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be
+      so obliging as retire, Friend (<i>Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund</i>), and
+      with promptitude!' This logic even the Hyperborean understands: fast
+      enough, with apologetic, petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for
+      suicidal as well as homicidal purposes, need not return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder: that it makes all men
+      alike tall. Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more <i>Mind</i>,
+      though all but no <i>Body</i> whatever, then canst thou kill me first, and
+      art the taller. Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless, and the David
+      resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive Spiritualism is all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas. Few things, in this
+      so surprising world, strike me with more surprise. Two little visual
+      Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of the
+      UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,&mdash;make
+      pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and,
+      simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into
+      Dissolution; and off-hand become Air, and Non-extant! Deuce on it (<i>verdammt</i>),
+      the little spitfires!&mdash;Nay, I think with old Hugo von Trimberg: 'God
+      must needs laugh outright, could such a thing be, to see his wondrous
+      Manikins here below.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality, which
+      is our chief quest here: How prospered the inner man of Teufelsdrockh,
+      under so much outward shifting! Does Legion still lurk in him, though
+      repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood? We can answer that the
+      symptoms continue promising. Experience is the grand spiritual Doctor; and
+      with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a patient, swallowing many a
+      bitter bolus. Unless our poor Friend belong to the numerous class of
+      Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure will doubtless be effected.
+      We should rather say that Legion, or the Satanic School, was now pretty
+      well extirpated and cast out, but next to nothing introduced in its room;
+      whereby the heart remains, for the while, in a quiet but no comfortable
+      state.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I
+      was what you might name calcined. Pray only that it be not rather, as is
+      the more frequent issue, reduced to a <i>caput-mortuum</i>! But in any
+      case, by mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.
+      Wretchedness was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it,
+      and despise it. Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not
+      found a Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his
+      brave garnitures, miserable enough? Thy wishes have all been sniffed
+      aside, thought I: but what, had they even been all granted! Did not the
+      Boy Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole
+      Solar System; or after that, a whole Universe? <i>Ach Gott</i>, when I
+      gazed into these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity,
+      from their serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over
+      the little lot of man! Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our
+      own, have been swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them
+      any more; and Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still
+      shining in their courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first
+      noted them in the plain of Shinar. Pshaw! what is this paltry little
+      Dog-cage of an Earth; what art thou that sittest whining there? Thou art
+      still Nothing, Nobody: true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody? For
+      thee the Family of Man has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a
+      dissevered limb: so be it; perhaps it is better so!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh! Yet surely his bands are loosening; one day
+      he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with a
+      second youth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+      reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the
+      Positive must necessarily pass."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0020">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all
+      to be tried with such? Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by
+      birth, be dispossessed. Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is
+      the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force:
+      thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought
+      battle. For the God-given mandate, <i>Work thou in Well-doing</i>, lies
+      mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts;
+      and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed;
+      till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.
+      And as the clay-given mandate, <i>Eat thou and be filled</i>, at the same
+      time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,&mdash;must not
+      there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become
+      the upper?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+      God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay must
+      now be vanquished or vanquish,&mdash;should be carried of the spirit into
+      grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle with
+      him; defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly. Name it as we
+      choose: with or without visible Devil, whether in the natural Desert of
+      rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of selfishness and
+      baseness,&mdash;to such Temptation are we all called. Unhappy if we are
+      not! Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine handwriting has
+      never blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor; but quivers
+      dubiously amid meaner lights: or smoulders, in dull pain, in darkness,
+      under earthly vapors!&mdash;Our Wilderness is the wide World in an
+      Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and fasting:
+      nevertheless, to these also comes an end. Yes, to me also was given, if
+      not Victory, yet the consciousness of Battle, and the resolve to persevere
+      therein while life or faculty is left. To me also, entangled in the
+      enchanted forests, demon-peopled, doleful of sight and of sound, it was
+      given, after weariest wanderings, to work out my way into the higher
+      sunlit slopes&mdash;of that Mountain which has no summit, or whose summit
+      is in Heaven only!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once for
+      all, natural to him: "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient men (<i>tuchtigen
+      Manner</i>) thou hast known in this generation? An outflush of foolish
+      young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as many weeds as
+      valuable herbs: this all parched away, under the Droughts of practical and
+      spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and act, often-repeated
+      gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled into Denial! If I have had
+      a second-crop, and now see the perennial greensward, and sit under
+      umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and Doubt); herein too, be the
+      Heavens praised, I am not without examples, and even exemplars."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious revolution:"
+      these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of his were but
+      some purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his apostolic work
+      (such as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now happily over, and
+      the Devil once more worsted! Was "that high moment in the <i>Rue de
+      l'Enfer</i>," then, properly the turning-point of the battle; when the
+      Fiend said, <i>Worship me, or be torn in shreds</i>; and was answered
+      valiantly with an <i>Apage Satana</i>?&mdash;Singular Teufelsdrockh, would
+      thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words! But it is fruitless to
+      look there, in those Paper-bags, for such. Nothing but innuendoes,
+      figurative crotchets: a typical Shadow, fitfully wavering,
+      prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture. "How paint to the sensual
+      eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies of Man's Soul; in
+      what words, known to these profane times, speak even afar-off of the
+      unspeakable?" We ask in turn: Why perplex these times, profane as they
+      are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by commission? Not mystical
+      only is our Professor, but whimsical; and involves himself, now more than
+      ever, in eye-bewildering <i>chiaroscuro</i>. Successive glimpses, here
+      faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must endeavor to combine for
+      their own behoof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says: "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+      silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in
+      my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was as
+      if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce
+      utterly, and say: Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no
+      more, I will believe you no more. And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear, I
+      care not for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here: for
+      I am way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to die: to
+      die or to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."&mdash;And again:
+      "Here, then, as I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by
+      benignant upper Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled
+      gradually away, and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth. The first
+      preliminary moral Act, Annihilation of Self (<i>Selbst-todtung</i>), had
+      been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its
+      hands ungyved."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+      Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+      cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+      already taking wholesome effect on him? If it were not that the tone, in
+      some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+      expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest
+      Dualism: light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the
+      fore-court, while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe
+      and wail. We transcribe the piece entire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and
+      meditating; on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me, as
+      roof, the azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing
+      curtains,&mdash;namely, of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes
+      also I have seen gilding. And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood
+      sheltered in these Mountain hollows; with their green flower-lawns, and
+      white dames and damosels, lovely enough: or better still, the straw-roofed
+      Cottages, wherein stood many a Mother baking bread, with her children
+      round her:&mdash;all hidden and protectingly folded up in the
+      valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as if I beheld them. Or to see,
+      as well as fancy, the nine Towns and Villages, that lay round my
+      mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were wont to speak to me (by their
+      steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in almost all weather, proclaimed
+      their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds; whereon, as on a culinary
+      horologe, I might read the hour of the day. For it was the smoke of
+      cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday, eventide, were boiling
+      their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose up into the air,
+      successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine, saying, as plainly
+      as smoke could say: Such and such a meal is getting ready here. Not
+      uninteresting! For you have the whole Borough, with all its love-makings
+      and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as in miniature, and
+      could cover it all with your hat.&mdash;If, in my wide Way-farings, I had
+      learned to look into the business of the World in its details, here
+      perhaps was the place for combining it into general propositions, and
+      deducing inferences therefrom.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+      Distance: round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+      vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad
+      witch's hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear sunbeam,
+      your Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor had held snow.
+      How thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great fermenting-vat and
+      laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O Nature!&mdash;Or what is
+      Nature? Ha! why do I not name thee GOD? Art not thou the 'Living Garment
+      of God'? O Heavens, is it, in very deed, HE, then, that ever speaks
+      through thee; that lives and loves in thee, that lives and loves in me?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+      Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than
+      Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice
+      to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults;
+      like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated heart, came
+      that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a charnel-house
+      with spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman: with an
+      infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou
+      not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou bear
+      the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary, so
+      heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, my Brother,
+      why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears from thy
+      eyes!&mdash;Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this solitude,
+      with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening discord,
+      but a melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a dumb
+      creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth, with her
+      poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man, with his
+      so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to me; and even
+      for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him Brother. Thus was I
+      standing in the porch of that '<i>Sanctuary of Sorrow</i>;' by strange,
+      steep ways had I too been guided thither; and ere long its sacred gates
+      would open, and the '<i>Divine Depth of Sorrow</i>' lie disclosed to me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+      strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free. "A vain
+      interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present called
+      Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since the
+      beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from idle
+      Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to. The most,
+      in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+      Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+      indispensable. In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in different
+      terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become obsolete, and is
+      found unserviceable. For it is man's nature to change his Dialect from
+      century to century; he cannot help it though he would. The authentic <i>Church-Catechism</i>
+      of our present century has not yet fallen into my hands: meanwhile, for my
+      own private behoof I attempt to elucidate the matter so. Man's
+      Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his Greatness; it is because there is
+      an Infinite in him, which with all his cunning he cannot quite bury under
+      the Finite. Will the whole Finance Ministers and Upholsterers and
+      Confectioners of modern Europe undertake, in joint-stock company, to make
+      one Shoeblack HAPPY? They cannot accomplish it, above an hour or two: for
+      the Shoeblack also has a Soul quite other than his Stomach; and would
+      require, if you consider it, for his permanent satisfaction and
+      saturation, simply this allotment, no more, and no less: <i>God's infinite
+      Universe altogether to himself</i>, therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill
+      every wish as fast as it rose. Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of
+      Ophiuchus: speak not of them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as
+      nothing. No sooner is your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might
+      have been of better vintage. Try him with half of a Universe, of an
+      Omnipotence, he sets to quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half,
+      and declares himself the most maltreated of men.&mdash;Always there is a
+      black spot in our sunshine: it is even, as I said, the <i>Shadow of
+      Ourselves</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus. By certain
+      valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+      average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+      indefeasible right. It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+      requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such <i>overplus</i> as there
+      may be do we account Happiness; any <i>deficit</i> again is Misery. Now
+      consider that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what
+      a fund of Self-conceit there is in each of us,&mdash;do you wonder that
+      the balance should so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry:
+      See there, what a payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!&mdash;I tell
+      thee, Blockhead, it all comes of thy Vanity; of what thou <i>fanciest</i>
+      those same deserts of thine to be. Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged
+      (as is most likely), thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot: fancy
+      that thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to
+      die in hemp.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So true is it, what I then said, that <i>the Fraction of Life can be
+      increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by
+      lessening your Denominator</i>. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, <i>Unity</i>
+      itself divided by <i>Zero</i> will give <i>Infinity</i>. Make thy claim of
+      wages a zero, then; thou hast the world under thy feet. Well did the
+      Wisest of our time write: 'It is only with Renunciation (<i>Entsagen</i>)
+      that Life, properly speaking, can be said to begin.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I asked myself: What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+      been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account
+      of? Say it in a word: is it not because thou art not HAPPY? Because the
+      THOU (sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished,
+      soft-bedded, and lovingly cared for? Foolish soul! What Act of Legislature
+      was there that <i>thou</i> shouldst be Happy? A little while ago thou
+      hadst no right to <i>be</i> at all. What if thou wert born and predestined
+      not to be Happy, but to be Unhappy! Art thou nothing other than a Vulture,
+      then, that fliest through the Universe seeking after somewhat to <i>eat</i>;
+      and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not given thee? Close
+      thy <i>Byron</i>; open thy <i>Goethe</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Es leuchtet mir ein</i>, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:
+      "there is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness: he can do without
+      Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness! Was it not to preach
+      forth this same HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest, in
+      all times, have spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life and
+      through death, of the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike only
+      has he Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou also
+      honored to be taught; O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful
+      Afflictions, even till thou become contrite and learn it! Oh, thank thy
+      Destiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need of
+      them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant
+      fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease, and
+      triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
+      engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure;
+      love God. This is the EVERLASTING YEA, wherein all contradiction is
+      solved: wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And again: "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+      injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee: thou canst love
+      the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for
+      this a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent. Knowest thou
+      that '<i>Worship of Sorrow</i>'? The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen
+      centuries ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation of
+      doleful creatures: nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt, arched
+      out of falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and its
+      sacred Lamp perennially burning."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor will
+      only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more questionable
+      character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay wherein he himself
+      does not see his way. Nebulous disquisitions on Religion, yet not without
+      bursts of splendor; on the "perennial continuance of Inspiration;" on
+      Prophecy; that there are "true Priests, as well as Baal-Priests, in our
+      own day:" with more of the like sort. We select some fractions, by way of
+      finish to this farrago.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+      Professor: "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+      finished. Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+      considerable or otherwise: That the Mythus of the Christian Religion looks
+      not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth. Alas, were thy
+      six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other quartos and
+      folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since on the same
+      subject, all needed to convince us of so little! But what next? Wilt thou
+      help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in a new Mythus, in a
+      new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise too like perishing, may
+      live? What! thou hast no faculty in that kind? Only a torch for burning,
+      no hammer for building? Take our thanks, then, and&mdash;thyself away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me? Or is the God present, felt
+      in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out of me;
+      or dispute into me? To the '<i>Worship of Sorrow</i>' ascribe what origin
+      and genesis thou pleasest, <i>has</i> not that Worship originated, and
+      been generated; is it not <i>here</i>? Feel it in thy heart, and then say
+      whether it is of God! This is Belief; all else is Opinion,&mdash;for which
+      latter whoso will, let him worry and be worried."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+      struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like: try rather to get a
+      little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself. One BIBLE I
+      know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible; nay
+      with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it: thereof all other Bibles
+      are but Leaves,&mdash;say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker
+      faculty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him
+      take the following perhaps more intelligible passage:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+      warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable. Hast thou
+      in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think well what
+      the meaning thereof is. If thou gauge it to the bottom, it is simply this:
+      'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of Happiness in the
+      world, something from my share: which, by the Heavens, thou shalt not; nay
+      I will fight thee rather.'&mdash;Alas, and the whole lot to be divided is
+      such a beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for the substance has
+      been spilled out: not enough to quench one Appetite; and the collective
+      human species clutching at them!&mdash;Can we not, in all such cases,
+      rather say: 'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take that pitiful
+      additional fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but which thou so
+      wantest; take it with a blessing: would to Heaven I had enough for thee!'&mdash;If
+      Fichte's <i>Wissenschaftslehre</i> be, 'to a certain extent, Applied
+      Christianity,' surely to a still greater extent, so is this. We have here
+      not a Whole Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the Passive half: could
+      we but do it, as we can demonstrate it!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till it
+      convert itself into Conduct. Nay properly Conviction is not possible till
+      then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a vortex
+      amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience does it
+      find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a system.
+      Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any sort cannot
+      be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let him who gropes
+      painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays vehemently that the
+      dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well to heart, which to me
+      was of invaluable service: '<i>Do the Duty which lies nearest thee</i>,'
+      which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty will already have become
+      clearer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+      even this: When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+      struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+      thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario in
+      <i>Wilhelm Meister</i>, that your 'America is here or nowhere'? The
+      Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man.
+      Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual, wherein
+      thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it out
+      therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free. Fool! the Ideal is in
+      thyself, the impediment too is in thyself: thy Condition is but the stuff
+      thou art to shape that same Ideal out of: what matters whether such stuff
+      be of this sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic, be poetic? O
+      thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and criest bitterly to
+      the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create, know this of a truth:
+      the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here or nowhere,' couldst
+      thou only see!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature: the beginning of
+      Creation is&mdash;Light. Till the eye have vision, the whole members are
+      in bonds. Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over the
+      wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken: Let there be Light! Ever to the
+      greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+      God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest and least.
+      The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled conflicting
+      elements bind themselves into separate Firmaments: deep silent
+      rock-foundations are built beneath; and the skyey vault with its
+      everlasting Luminaries above: instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have a
+      blooming, fertile, heaven-encompassed World.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World, or even
+      Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal
+      fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name! 'Tis the utmost thou
+      hast in thee: out with it, then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy hand findeth to
+      do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called To-day; for the
+      Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0021">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. PAUSE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+      circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+      successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and almost
+      Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself seems to
+      consider as Conversion. "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice rather
+      that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in our modern
+      Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients. The Old World knew nothing of
+      Conversion; instead of an <i>Ecce Homo</i>, they had only some <i>Choice
+      of Hercules</i>. It was a new-attained progress in the Moral Development
+      of man: hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of the most
+      Limited; what to Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates a chimera,
+      is now clear and certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys, and the
+      poorest of their Pietists and Methodists."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh commences:
+      we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with the spirit and
+      clear aims of a Man. He has discovered that the Ideal Workshop he so
+      panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished Workshop he has so long
+      been stumbling in. He can say to himself: "Tools? Thou hast no Tools? Why,
+      there is not a Man, or a Thing, now alive but has tools. The basest of
+      created animalcules, the Spider itself, has a spinning-jenny, and
+      warping-mill, and power-loom within its head: the stupidest of Oysters has
+      a Papin's-Digester, with stone-and-lime house to hold it in: every being
+      that can live can do something: this let him <i>do</i>.&mdash;Tools? Hast
+      thou not a Brain, furnished, furnishable with some glimmerings of Light;
+      and three fingers to hold a Pen withal? Never since Aaron's Rod went out
+      of practice, or even before it, was there such a wonder-working Tool:
+      greater than all recorded miracles have been performed by Pens. For
+      strangely in this so solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in
+      continual restless flux, it is appointed that <i>Sound</i>, to appearance
+      the most fleeting, should be the most continuing of all things. The WORD
+      is well said to be omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can
+      create as by a <i>Fiat</i>. Awake, arise! Speak forth what is in thee;
+      what God has given thee, what the Devil shall not take away. Higher task
+      than that of Priesthood was allotted to no man: wert thou but the meanest
+      in that sacred Hierarchy, is it not honor enough therein to spend and be
+      spent?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+      handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden. Writings of
+      mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps not
+      altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my unseen
+      sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there. I thank the Heavens that I
+      have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible result, I
+      am minded diligently to persevere.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant Device,
+      now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like a grain of
+      right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now stretching out
+      strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the air to lodge in,&mdash;may
+      have been properly my doing? Some one's doing, it without doubt was; from
+      some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of all take beginning: why
+      not from some Idea in mine?" Does Teufelsdrockh, here glance at that
+      "SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY (<i>Eigenthums-conservirende
+      Gesellschaft</i>)," of which so many ambiguous notices glide spectra-like
+      through these inexpressible Paper-bags? "An Institution," hints he, "not
+      unsuitable to the wants of the time; as indeed such sudden extension
+      proves: for already can the Society number, among its office-bearers or
+      corresponding members, the highest Names, if not the highest Persons, in
+      Germany, England, France; and contributions, both of money and of
+      meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if possible, enlist the
+      remaining Integrity of the world, and, defensively and with forethought,
+      marshal it round this Palladium." Does Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give
+      himself out as the originator of that so notable <i>Eigenthums-conservirende</i>
+      ("Owndom-conserving") <i>Gesellschaft</i>; and if so, what, in the Devil's
+      name, is it? He again hints: "At a time when the divine Commandment, <i>Thou
+      shalt not steal</i>, wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the
+      whole Hebrew Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions,
+      Justinian's Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms,
+      Divinities, Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and
+      enforced with Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance: at a
+      time, I say, when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the
+      general remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite
+      Commandment, <i>Thou shalt steal</i>, is everywhere promulgated,&mdash;it
+      perhaps behooved, in this universal dotage and deliration, the sound
+      portion of mankind to bestir themselves and rally. When the widest and
+      wildest violations of that divine right of Property, the only divine right
+      now extant or conceivable, are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious
+      Press, and the world has lived to hear it asserted that <i>we have no
+      Property in our very Bodies, but only an accidental Possession and
+      Life-rent</i>, what is the issue to be looked for? Hangmen and Catchpoles
+      may, by their noose-gins and baited fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort
+      of vermin; but what, except perhaps some such Universal Association, can
+      protect us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of
+      Boa-constrictors. If, therefore, the more sequestered Thinker have
+      wondered, in his privacy, from what hand that perhaps not ill-written <i>Program</i>
+      in the Public Journals, with its high <i>Prize-Questions</i> and so
+      liberal <i>Prizes</i>, could have proceeded,&mdash;let him now cease such
+      wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to the <i>Concurrenz</i>
+      (Competition)."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We ask: Has this same "perhaps not ill-written <i>Program</i>," or any
+      other authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen
+      under the eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic?
+      If so, what are those <i>Prize-Questions</i>; what are the terms of
+      Competition, and when and where? No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther
+      light of any sort, to be met with in these Paper-bags! Or is the whole
+      business one other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities,
+      whereby Herr Teufelsdrockh, meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often
+      to play fast-and-loose with us?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+      suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him;
+      paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his thorny
+      Biographical task a labor of love. It is a suspicion grounded perhaps on
+      trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and more
+      discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in whom
+      underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel within wheel,
+      defy all reckoning: a suspicion, in one word, that these Autobiographical
+      Documents are partly a mystification! What if many a so-called Fact were
+      little better than a Fiction; if here we had no direct Camera-obscura
+      Picture of the Professor's History; but only some more or less fantastic
+      Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly enough, shadowing forth
+      the same! Our theory begins to be that, in receiving as literally
+      authentic what was but hieroglyphically so, Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in
+      that case we scruple not to name Hofrath Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of,
+      and set adrift to make fools of others. Could it be expected, indeed, that
+      a man so known for impenetrable reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at
+      once frankly unlock his private citadel to an English Editor and a German
+      Hofrath; and not rather deceptively <i>in</i>lock both Editor and Hofrath
+      in the labyrinthic tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having
+      enticed them thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools
+      would look?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself short.
+      On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being all but
+      invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher, the following:
+      "What are your historical Facts; still more your biographical? Wilt thou
+      know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing together bead-rolls of what
+      thou namest Facts? The Man is the spirit he worked in; not what he did,
+      but what he became. Facts are engraved Hierograms, for which the fewest
+      have the key. And then how your Blockhead (<i>Dummkopf</i>) studies not
+      their Meaning; but simply whether they are well or ill cut, what he calls
+      Moral or Immoral! Still worse is it with your Bungler (<i>Pfuscher</i>):
+      such I have seen reading some Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation;
+      and mistaking the ill-cut Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous
+      reptile." Was the Professor apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the
+      present boasts himself, might mistake the Teufelsdrockh
+      Serpent-of-Eternity in like manner? For which reason it was to be altered,
+      not without underhand satire, into a plainer Symbol? Or is this merely one
+      of his half-sophisms, half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of
+      a Figure, he cares not whither it gallop? We say not with certainty; and
+      indeed, so strange is the Professor, can never say. If our suspicion be
+      wholly unfounded, let his own questionable ways, not our necessary
+      circumspectness bear the blame.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+      Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present. Let it
+      suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+      what he became:" the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+      bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for. The
+      imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche: and such, wheresoever be its
+      flight, it will continue. To trace by what complex gyrations (flights or
+      involuntary waftings) through the mere external Life-element,
+      Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and the Psyche
+      clothes herself in civic Titles, without altering her now fixed nature,&mdash;would
+      be comparatively an unproductive task, were we even unsuspicious of its
+      being, for us at least, a false and impossible one. His outward Biography,
+      therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we saw churned utterly into
+      spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for aught that concerns us here.
+      Enough that by survey of certain "pools and plashes," we have ascertained
+      its general direction; do we not already know that, by one way and other,
+      it <i>has</i> long since rained down again into a stream; and even now, at
+      Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still, fraught with the <i>Philosophy of
+      Clothes</i>, and visible to whoso will cast eye thereon? Over much
+      invaluable matter, that lies scattered, like jewels among quarry-rubbish,
+      in those Paper-catacombs, we may have occasion to glance back, and
+      somewhat will demand insertion at the right place: meanwhile be our
+      tiresome diggings therein suspended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If now, before reopening the great <i>Clothes-Volume</i>, we ask what our
+      degree of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+      understanding of the <i>Clothes-Philosophy</i>, let not our discouragement
+      become total. To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+      Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+      drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+      chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+      conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So much we already calculate: Through many a little loophole, we have had
+      glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange mystic,
+      almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually drawn, is
+      not henceforth altogether dark to us. Those mysterious ideas on TIME,
+      which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible with such,
+      may by and by prove significant. Still more may his somewhat peculiar view
+      of Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature. How all Nature and
+      Life are but one <i>Garment</i>, a "Living Garment," woven and ever
+      a-weaving in the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline of a
+      whole <i>Clothes-Philosophy</i>; at least the arena it is to work in?
+      Remark, too, that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning in such
+      a matter, becomes less enigmatic: amid so much tumultuous obscurity,
+      almost like diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable Defiance and yet
+      a boundless Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two mountain-summits, on
+      whose rock-strata all the rest were based and built?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+      even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it
+      were preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy? To look through the Shows of
+      things into Things themselves he is led and compelled. The "Passivity"
+      given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune. Everywhere
+      cast out, like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in any
+      public Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of
+      Meditation. The whole energy of his existence is directed, through long
+      years, on one task: that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it. Thus
+      everywhere do the Shows of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten him
+      with fearfullest destruction: only by victoriously penetrating into Things
+      themselves can he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this same
+      looking through the Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the first
+      preliminary to a <i>Philosophy of Clothes</i>? Do we not, in all this,
+      discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such a
+      Philosophy; and what shape it must assume with such a man, in such an era?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+      without guess whither he is bound: nor, let us hope, for all the fantastic
+      Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh, he must
+      wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a steady
+      Polar Star.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2H_4_0024">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BOOK III.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0022">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an early
+      part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself. Striking
+      it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force of vision and of
+      heart he pierced into the mystery of the World; recognizing in the highest
+      sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went, only fresh or faded Raiment; yet
+      ever, under this, a celestial Essence thereby rendered visible: and while,
+      on the one hand, he trod the old rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into
+      the mire, he on the other everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly
+      principalities and powers, and worshipped it, though under the meanest
+      shapes, with a true Platonic mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed
+      by thus casting his Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe;
+      what such, more or less complete, rending and burning of Garments
+      throughout the whole compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should
+      lead to; the rather as he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not,
+      like Rousseau, recommend either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a
+      return to the savage state: all this our readers are now bent to discover;
+      this is, in fact, properly the gist and purport of Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's Philosophy of Clothes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much evolved,
+      as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our British Friends
+      into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines; nowise to dig out and
+      exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all time inexhaustible. Once
+      there, let each dig for his own behoof, and enrich himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the Professor's,
+      can our course now more than formerly be straightforward, step by step,
+      but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand out here and
+      there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely and narrowly,
+      shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole: to select these with
+      judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be possible, and (in our
+      old figure) by chaining them together, a passable Bridge be effected:
+      this, as heretofore, continues our only method. Among such light-spots,
+      the following, floating in much wild matter about <i>Perfectibility</i>,
+      has seemed worth clutching at:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+      Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+      Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident
+      passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree of
+      ridicule by others: namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+      Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker, was
+      one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of the
+      Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls of
+      Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable
+      Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly
+      accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods it has
+      chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid pincers,
+      paste-horns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of rubbish, this
+      youth had, nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him; also an antique
+      Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it could look
+      upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily pair of
+      shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and an honorable
+      Mastership in Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of Thirdborough in his
+      hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,&mdash;was nowise
+      satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever amid the boring and hammering
+      came tones from that far country, came Splendors and Terrors; for this
+      poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the Temple of Immensity,
+      wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy mystery to
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters of
+      that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+      consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to 'drink
+      beer, and dance with the girls.' Blind leaders of the blind! For what end
+      were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their shovel-hats
+      scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt on; and such a
+      church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other racketing, held
+      over that spot of God's Earth,&mdash;if Man were but a Patent Digester,
+      and the Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned from them,
+      with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings and his Bible.
+      Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been heaped over that
+      Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried there. Through long
+      days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and wrestled, with a man's
+      force, to be free: how its prison-mountains heaved and swayed
+      tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this hand and that, and
+      emerged into the light of Heaven! That Leicester shoe-shop, had men known
+      it, was a holier place than any Vatican or Loretto-shrine.&mdash;'So
+      bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he, 'with thousand
+      requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags, I can neither see
+      nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time flies fast, and
+      Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee, if thou hast power of
+      Thought! Why not; what binds me here? Want, want!&mdash;Ha, of what? Will
+      all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me across into that far Land of
+      Light? Only Meditation can, and devout Prayer to God. I will to the woods:
+      the hollow of a tree will lodge me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes,
+      cannot I stitch myself one perennial suit of Leather!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts I
+      never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject were
+      easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as if such
+      first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and more into Day,
+      the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its hindrances and its
+      horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is in History. Let some
+      living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and understanding heart, picture
+      George Fox on that morning, when he spreads out his cutting-board for the
+      last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted patterns, and stitches them
+      together into one continuous all-including Case, the farewell service of
+      his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox: every prick of that little
+      instrument is pricking into the heart of Slavery, and World-worship, and
+      the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as in strong swimmer-strokes, and every
+      stroke is bearing thee across the Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds
+      her Workhouse and Ragfair, into lands of true Liberty; were the work done,
+      there is in broad Europe one Free Man, and thou art he!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and
+      for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely if, as D'Alembert
+      asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+      Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is George
+      Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes himself: for he
+      too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood, casting aside all props
+      and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride, undervaluing the Earth; valuing
+      it rather, as a place to yield him warmth and food, he looks Heavenward
+      from his Earth, and dwells in an element of Mercy and Worship, with a
+      still Strength, such as the Cynic's Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly,
+      was that Tub; a temple from which man's dignity and divinity was
+      scornfully preached abroad: but greater is the Leather Hull, for the same
+      sermon was preached there, and not in Scorn but in Love."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn quite
+      into ashes for nigh two centuries: why, in a discussion on the <i>Perfectibility
+      of Society</i>, reproduce it now? Not out of blind sectarian partisanship:
+      Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all his pacific tendencies, did
+      not we see him, in that scene at the North Cape, with the Archangel
+      Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+      passage than meets the ear. At the same time, who can avoid smiling at the
+      earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an underhand
+      satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought forward; and, in
+      the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as he durst in
+      Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation! Does Teufelsdrockh anticipate
+      that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class of the community,
+      by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and escaping from what he
+      calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair," where doubtless some of them are
+      toiled and whipped and hoodwinked sufficiently,&mdash;will sheathe
+      themselves in close-fitting cases of Leather? The idea is ridiculous in
+      the extreme. Will Majesty lay aside its robes of state, and Beauty its
+      frills and train-gowns, for a second skin of tanned hide? By which change
+      Huddersfield and Manchester, and Coventry and Paisley, and the
+      Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry solitudes; and only Day and Martin
+      could profit. For neither would Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we
+      presume covertly intended, of levelling Society (<i>levelling</i> it
+      indeed with a vengeance, into one huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining
+      the political effects of Nudity without its frigorific or other
+      consequences,&mdash;be thereby realized. Would not the rich man purchase a
+      waterproof suit of Russia Leather; and the high-born Belle step forth in
+      red or azure morocco, lined with shamoy: the black cowhide being left to
+      the Drudges and Gibeonites of the world; and so all the old Distinctions
+      be re-established?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve at
+      our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0023">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Not less questionable is his Chapter on <i>Church-Clothes</i>, which has
+      the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume. We here
+      translate it entire:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+      than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+      Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in. Far from it! Church-Clothes are,
+      in our vocabulary, the Forms, the <i>Vestures</i>, under which men have at
+      various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+      Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+      sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as
+      a living and life-giving WORD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+      garnitures of Human Existence. They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+      by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or
+      three are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent, and
+      indeed indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly manifests
+      itself (as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be embodied in a
+      visible Communion and Church Militant. Mystical, more than magical, is
+      that Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward: here properly
+      Soul first speaks with Soul; for only in looking heavenward, take it in
+      what sense you may, not in looking earthward, does what we can call Union,
+      mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible. How true is that of Novalis:
+      'It is certain, my Belief gains quite <i>infinitely</i> the moment I can
+      convince another mind thereof'! Gaze thou in the face of thy Brother, in
+      those eyes where plays the lambent fire of Kindness, or in those where
+      rages the lurid conflagration of Anger; feel how thy own so quiet Soul is
+      straightway involuntarily kindled with the like, and ye blaze and
+      reverberate on each other, till it is all one limitless confluent flame
+      (of embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling Hate); and then say what
+      miraculous virtue goes out of man into man. But if so, through all the
+      thick-plied hulls of our Earthly Life; how much more when it is of the
+      Divine Life we speak, and inmost ME is, as it were, brought into contact
+      with inmost ME!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven by
+      Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes possible
+      by Religion. Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and present,
+      may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or other of
+      these three predicaments: an audibly preaching and prophesying Church,
+      which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach and prophesy,
+      but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and worst, a Church
+      gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium prior to
+      dissolution. Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant Chapter-houses and
+      Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere speech and chanting, let
+      him," says the oracular Professor, "read on, light of heart (<i>getrosten
+      Muthes</i>).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+      recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+      such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+      exist. For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+      Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+      Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+      Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying <i>under</i> such
+      SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;&mdash;then is Religion the inmost
+      Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm Circulation
+      to the whole. Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones and Muscles (of
+      Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic vitality; the SKIN
+      would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting rawhide; and Society
+      itself a dead carcass,&mdash;deserving to be buried. Men were no longer
+      Social, but Gregarious; which latter state also could not continue, but
+      must gradually issue in universal selfish discord, hatred, savage
+      isolation, and dispersion;&mdash;whereby, as we might continue to say, the
+      very dust and dead body of Society would have evaporated and become
+      abolished. Such, and so all-important, all-sustaining, are the
+      Church-Clothes to civilized or even to rational men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+      sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become mere
+      hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit any longer
+      dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid accumulation,
+      drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you with its glass eyes,
+      in ghastly affectation of Life,&mdash;some generation-and-half after
+      Religion has quite withdrawn from it, and in unnoticed nooks is weaving
+      for herself new Vestures, wherewith to reappear, and bless us, or our sons
+      or grandsons. As a Priest, or Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and
+      highest of all men, so is a Sham-priest (<i>Schein-priester</i>) the
+      falsest and basest; neither is it doubtful that his Canonicals, were they
+      Popes' Tiaras, will one day be torn from him, to make bandages for the
+      wounds of mankind; or even to burn into tinder, for general scientific or
+      culinary purposes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second Volume,
+      <i>On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society</i>; which volume, as
+      treating practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture of Spiritual
+      Tissues, or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the Transcendental or
+      ultimate Portion of this my work on <i>Clothes</i>, and is already in a
+      state of forwardness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added, does
+      Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular chapter on
+      Church-Clothes!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0024">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure
+      utterances, if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations on
+      <i>Symbols</i>. To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our
+      compass: nowhere is he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of
+      "Fantasy being the organ of the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though
+      based, to all seeming, on the small Visible, does nevertheless extend down
+      into the infinite deeps of the Invisible, of which Invisible, indeed, his
+      Life is properly the bodying forth." Let us, omitting these high
+      transcendental aspects of the matter, study to glean (whether from the
+      Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what little seems logical and practical,
+      and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as it will assume.
+      By way of proem, take the following not injudicious remarks:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who shall
+      speak or sing? SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised to them
+      (were this an altar-building time) for universal worship. Silence is the
+      element in which great things fashion themselves together; that at length
+      they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into the daylight of Life,
+      which they are thenceforth to rule. Not William the Silent only, but all
+      the considerable men I have known, and the most undiplomatic and
+      unstrategic of these, forbore to babble of what they were creating and
+      projecting. Nay, in thy own mean perplexities, do thou thyself but <i>hold
+      thy tongue for one day</i>: on the morrow, how much clearer are thy
+      purposes and duties; what wreck and rubbish have those mute workmen within
+      thee swept away, when intrusive noises were shut out! Speech is too often
+      not, as the Frenchman defined it, the art of concealing Thought; but of
+      quite stifling and suspending Thought, so that there is none to conceal.
+      Speech too is great, but not the greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says:
+      <i>Sprechen ist silbern, Schweigen ist golden</i> (Speech is silvern,
+      Silence is golden); or as I might rather express it: Speech is of Time,
+      Silence is of Eternity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+      Silence: neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy. Let not thy left hand
+      know what thy right hand doeth! Neither shalt thou prate even to thy own
+      heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (<i>Schaam</i>) the
+      soil of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals? Like other
+      plants, Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the
+      eye of the sun. Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily
+      thyself, the root withers, and no flower will glad thee. O my Friends,
+      when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example,
+      the Marriage-bower, and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues of
+      Heaven, what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them up by
+      the roots, and, with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us the dung
+      they flourish in! Men speak much of the Printing Press with its
+      Newspapers: <i>du Himmel</i>! what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's
+      Goose?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+      with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of <i>Symbols</i>. In a
+      Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by Silence
+      and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance. And if both
+      the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how expressive
+      will their union be! Thus in many a painted Device, or simple Seal-emblem,
+      the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite new emphasis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+      small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith. In the
+      Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+      distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+      the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible,
+      and as it were, attainable there. By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided
+      and commanded, made happy, made wretched: He everywhere finds himself
+      encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized: the
+      Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what is
+      man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical; a
+      revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a
+      'Gospel of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he
+      can, by act and word? Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment of
+      a Thought; but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in the
+      transcendental sense, symbolical as well as real."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with
+      these high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the verge
+      of the inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl. Perhaps, too, of all
+      the owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we consider it,
+      is that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights. Fantastic tricks
+      enough man has played, in his time; has fancied himself to be most things,
+      down even to an animated heap of Glass: but to fancy himself a dead
+      Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was reserved for this
+      his latter era. There stands he, his Universe one huge Manger, filled with
+      hay and thistles to be weighed against each other; and looks long-eared
+      enough. Alas, poor devil! spectres are appointed to haunt him: one age he
+      is hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden, befooled; in all ages,
+      bedevilled. And now the Genius of Mechanism smothers him worse than any
+      Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked out of him, and only a kind of
+      Digestive, Mechanic life remains. In Earth and in Heaven he can see
+      nothing but Mechanism; has fear for nothing else, hope in nothing else:
+      the world would indeed grind him to pieces; but cannot he fathom the
+      Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly compute these, and mechanize them to
+      grind the other way?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but to
+      bid him open his eyes and look. In which country, in which time, was it
+      hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+      calculated or calculable 'Motives'? What make ye of your Christianities,
+      and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+      Terror? Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in <i>Love</i>?
+      Did he never stand so much as a contested Election? Leave him to Time, and
+      the medicating virtue of Nature."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+      Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might say,
+      Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to lead
+      us hellward. Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense but the
+      implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of? Ever in the dullest
+      existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness (thou
+      partly hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in from the
+      circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little islet of
+      Time. The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou canst not
+      make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving retina, healthy or
+      diseased. Have not I myself known five hundred living soldiers sabred into
+      crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which they called their Flag;
+      which, had you sold it at any market-cross, would not have brought above
+      three groschen? Did not the whole Hungarian Nation rise, like some
+      tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser Joseph pocketed their Iron
+      Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously observed, in size and commercial
+      value little differing from a horse-shoe? It is in and through <i>Symbols</i>
+      that man, consciously or unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being:
+      those ages, moreover, are accounted the noblest which can the best
+      recognize symbolical worth, and prize it the highest. For is not a Symbol
+      ever, to him who has eyes for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the
+      Godlike?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+      and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only. What, for instance, was in
+      that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign in
+      their <i>Bauernkrieg</i> (Peasants' War)? Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+      which the Netherland <i>Gueux</i>, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+      heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+      Intrinsic significance these had none: only extrinsic; as the accidental
+      Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in which
+      union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+      borrowing of the Godlike. Under a like category, too, stand, or stood, the
+      stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+      generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs: they have
+      no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have acquired an
+      extrinsic one. Nevertheless through all these there glimmers something of
+      a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the Divine Idea of
+      Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of Right. Nay the
+      highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the Cross itself, had
+      no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning,
+      and is of itself <i>fit</i> that men should unite round it. Let but the
+      Godlike manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less
+      visibly, through the Time-Figure (<i>Zeitbild</i>)! Then is it fit that
+      men unite there; and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day
+      to day, and from age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art: in them (if thou know a
+      Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+      through Time; the Godlike rendered visible. Here too may an extrinsic
+      value gradually superadd itself: thus certain <i>Iliads</i>, and the like,
+      have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance. But nobler
+      than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men; for what
+      other Work of Art is so divine? In Death too, in the Death of the Just, as
+      the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern symbolic meaning?
+      In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory, resting over the
+      beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if thou canst for tears)
+      the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some gleam of the latter peering
+      through.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen
+      into Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the
+      Same: I mean religious Symbols. Various enough have been such religious
+      Symbols, what we call <i>Religions</i>; as men stood in this stage of
+      culture or the other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike:
+      some Symbols with a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an
+      extrinsic. If thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner,
+      look on our divinest Symbol: on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his
+      Biography, and what followed therefrom. Higher has the human Thought not
+      yet reached: this is Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite
+      perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be
+      anew inquired into, and anew made manifest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+      likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them;
+      and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos has not
+      ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+      distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like a
+      receding Star. It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+      reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+      know that it <i>was</i> a Sun. So likewise a day comes when the Runic
+      Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African
+      Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished. For all things, even
+      Celestial Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise,
+      their culmination, their decline.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but a
+      piece of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and truly,
+      as Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.' A right Conjurer might I
+      name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the divine
+      virtue they once held.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of this thing, however, be certain: wouldst thou plant for Eternity, then
+      plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and Heart;
+      wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+      superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding, what
+      will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World will we
+      call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can shape new
+      Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such too will not
+      always be wanting; neither perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as the average of
+      matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can so much as tell
+      when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When, as the last English Coronation [*] I was preparing," concludes this
+      wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+      England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King, had
+      brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+      assistance,' I said to myself: Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+      superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters and
+      rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+      dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if
+      you shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+      suffocation?"
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     * That of George IV.&mdash;ED.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0025">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting, to a
+      certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled <i>Institute for the
+      Repression of Population</i>; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+      leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag <i>Pisces</i>.
+      Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire little; but
+      of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand, which rather
+      copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right place here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Into the Hofrath's <i>Institute</i>, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+      machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+      glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+      Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+      eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath; something
+      like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms of Madness.
+      Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there light;
+      nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider and wider;
+      a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by its too dense
+      inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating one another. To
+      make air for himself in which strangulation, choking enough to a
+      benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found, this <i>Institute</i>
+      of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our Professor's comments
+      thereon that we concern ourselves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical, has his
+      own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and courtesies
+      have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the blank cover
+      of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly engrossed:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Two men I honor, and no third. First, the toilworn Craftsman that with
+      earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes her man's.
+      Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein notwithstanding
+      lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of the Sceptre of this
+      Planet. Venerable too is the rugged face, all weather-tanned, besoiled,
+      with its rude intelligence; for it is the face of a Man living manlike.
+      Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness, and even because we must pity
+      as well as love thee! Hardly-entreated Brother! For us was thy back so
+      bent, for us were thy straight limbs and fingers so deformed: thou wert
+      our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and fighting our battles wert so
+      marred. For in thee too lay a god-created Form, but it was not to be
+      unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the thick adhesions and defacements
+      of Labor: and thy body, like thy soul, was not to know freedom. Yet toil
+      on, toil on: <i>thou</i> art in thy duty, be out of it who may; thou
+      toilest for the altogether indispensable, for daily bread.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A second man I honor, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling for
+      the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of Life. Is
+      not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony; revealing
+      this, by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors, be they high
+      or low? Highest of all, when his outward and his inward endeavor are one:
+      when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman only, but inspired
+      Thinker, who with heaven-made Implement conquers Heaven for us! If the
+      poor and humble toil that we have Food, must not the high and glorious
+      toil for him in return, that he have Light, have Guidance, Freedom,
+      Immortality?&mdash;These two, in all their degrees, I honor: all else is
+      chaff and dust, which let the wind blow whither it listeth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+      and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+      toiling inwardly for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+      than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with. Such a one will
+      take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of Heaven
+      spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light shining in
+      great darkness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And again: "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor: we
+      must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is worse;
+      no faithful workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry and
+      athirst; but for him also there is food and drink: he is heavy-laden and
+      weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest; in his
+      smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+      glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do mourn over is, that the
+      lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of
+      earthly knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness,
+      like two spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company. Alas, while the
+      Body stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed,
+      stupefied, almost annihilated! Alas, was this too a Breath of God;
+      bestowed in Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!&mdash;That there
+      should one Man die ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call a
+      tragedy, were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by
+      some computations it does. The miserable fraction of Science which our
+      united Mankind, in a wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is not
+      this, with all diligence, imparted to all?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Quite in an opposite strain is the following: "The old Spartans had a
+      wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+      spitted them, when they grew too numerous. With our improved fashions of
+      hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and standing
+      armies, how much easier were such a hunt! Perhaps in the most thickly
+      peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot all the
+      able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year. Let Governments
+      think of this. The expense were trifling: nay the very carcasses would pay
+      it. Have them salted and barrelled; could not you victual therewith, if
+      not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers, in workhouses and
+      elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of them, might see
+      good to keep alive?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong. A
+      full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high as two
+      hundred Friedrichs d'or: such is his worth to the world. A full-formed Man
+      is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world could afford him a
+      round sum would he simply engage to go and hang himself. Nevertheless,
+      which of the two was the more cunningly devised article, even as an
+      Engine? Good Heavens! A white European Man, standing on his two Legs, with
+      his two five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones, and miraculous Head on
+      his shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty to a hundred Horses!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere: "too crowded
+      indeed! Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+      have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more? How thick
+      stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round
+      ancient Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the
+      Altaic chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey,
+      Crim Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare? One man, in one year, as I have
+      understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+      Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+      still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+      enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses of
+      indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe and
+      war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare? Where are they?&mdash;Preserving
+      their Game!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0026">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+      numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these Writings
+      of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for conclusion,
+      that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society, properly so
+      called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the gregarious feelings,
+      and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold us from Dispersion,
+      and universal national, civil, domestic and personal war! He says
+      expressly: "For the last three centuries, above all for the last three
+      quarters of a century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue (as we named
+      it) of Religion, where lies the Life-essence of Society, has been smote at
+      and perforated, needfully and needlessly; till now it is quite rent into
+      shreds; and Society, long pining, diabetic, consumptive, can be regarded
+      as defunct; for those spasmodic, galvanic sprawlings are not life; neither
+      indeed will they endure, galvanize as you may, beyond two days."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+      Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only of
+      a common over-crowded Lodging-house? Where each, isolated, regardless of
+      his neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get, and
+      cries 'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and cut-throat
+      Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort, can be employed?
+      Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible tradition; and your
+      holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern Dinner, with Cook for
+      Evangelist? Where your Priest has no tongue but for plate-licking: and
+      your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but on all hands hear it
+      passionately proclaimed: <i>Laissez faire</i>; Leave us alone of <i>your</i>
+      guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you your wages, and
+      sleep!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere that
+      saddest spectacle: The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+      Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly,
+      of Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth. The Highest in rank, at length,
+      without honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor, as
+      from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill. Once-sacred Symbols
+      fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the expense; a World
+      becoming dismantled: in one word, the STATE fallen speechless, from
+      obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a Police-Office, straitened
+      to get its pay!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical men
+      in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or is it
+      only from the mystic elevation of a German <i>Wahngasse</i> that such
+      wonders are visible? Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a "deceased
+      or expiring Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs may read.
+      "What, for example," says he, "is the universally arrogated Virtue, almost
+      the sole remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days? For some half-century,
+      it has been the thing you name 'Independence.' Suspicion of 'Servility,'
+      of reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech is anxious to disavow.
+      Fools! Were your Superiors worthy to govern, and you worthy to obey,
+      reverence for them were even your only possible freedom. Independence, in
+      all kinds, is rebellion; if unjust rebellion, why parade it, and
+      everywhere prescribe it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But what then? Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+      Nature? "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what can
+      follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+      putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching with
+      its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile, where, amid
+      wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most, the venerable
+      Corpse is to be burnt. Or, in plain words, that these men, Liberals,
+      Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately carry their
+      point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions of Society,
+      seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament come
+      to light even in insulated England? A living nucleus, that will attract
+      and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious phasis;
+      properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear of the
+      others as to fancy itself the van. Our European Mechanizers are a sect of
+      boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit: has not
+      Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among ourselves,
+      and in every European country, at some time or other, within the last
+      fifty years? If now in all countries, except perhaps England, it has
+      ceased to flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk to
+      Journalists and the popular mass,&mdash;who sees not that, as hereby it no
+      longer preaches, so the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is in
+      full universal Action, the doctrine everywhere known, and enthusiastically
+      laid to heart? The fit pabulum, in these times, for a certain rugged
+      workshop intellect and heart, nowise without their corresponding workshop
+      strength and ferocity, it requires but to be stated in such scenes to make
+      proselytes enough.&mdash;Admirably calculated for destroying, only not for
+      rebuilding! It spreads like a sort of Dog-madness; till the whole
+      World-kennel will be rabid: then woe to the Huntsmen, with or without
+      their whips! They should have given the quadrupeds water," adds he; "the
+      water, namely, of Knowledge and of Life, while it was yet time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour in
+      a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+      Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! "The World,"
+      says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and waste,
+      which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker combustion,
+      as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the past Forms of
+      Society; replace them with what it may. For the present, it is
+      contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once <i>divested</i>,
+      these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt; but the
+      sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish watch-coat
+      for the defence of the Body only!"&mdash;This, we think, is but Job's-news
+      to the humane reader.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there that
+      can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit of the
+      Time: Turn back, I command thee?&mdash;Wiser were it that we yielded to
+      the Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+      stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded to
+      this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat waiting
+      the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference, if not even
+      Placidity? Did we not hear him complain that the World was a "huge
+      Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining down
+      everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him? What with those
+      "unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven <i>sic vos non vobis</i> pressure
+      and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in existing things;
+      what with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles and spiders, yet
+      glaring out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a ghastly affectation of
+      life,"&mdash;we feel entitled to conclude him even willing that much
+      should be thrown to the Devil, so it were but done gently! Safe himself in
+      that "Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would consent, with a tragic
+      solemnity, that the monster UTILITARIA, held back, indeed, and moderated
+      by nose-rings, halters, foot-shackles, and every conceivable modification
+      of rope, should go forth to do her work;&mdash;to tread down old ruinous
+      Palaces and Temples with her broad hoof, till the whole were trodden down,
+      that new and better might be built! Remarkable in this point of view are
+      the following sentences.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Society," says he, "is not dead: that Carcass, which you call dead
+      Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume a
+      nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer and fairer
+      development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity. Wheresoever two
+      or three Living Men are gathered together, there is Society; or there it
+      will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous structures,
+      overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to Heaven and
+      downwards to Gehenna: for always, under one or the other figure, it has
+      two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the Pulpit, namely,
+      and the Gallows."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+      weaving for herself new Vestures;"&mdash;Teufelsdrockh himself being one
+      of the loom-treadles? Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange
+      aphorism of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be
+      said: "<i>L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le
+      passe, est devant nous</i>; The golden age, which a blind tradition has
+      hitherto placed in the Past, is Before us."&mdash;But listen again:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+      flying! Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+      have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+      consumed there. Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will get
+      singed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+      completed, you need not ask. The law of Perseverance is among the deepest
+      in man: by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his old house till
+      it has actually fallen about his ears. Thus have I seen Solemnities linger
+      as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to the extent of three
+      hundred years and more after all life and sacredness had evaporated out of
+      them. And then, finally, what time the Phoenix Death-Birth itself will
+      require, depends on unseen contingencies.&mdash;Meanwhile, would Destiny
+      offer Mankind, that after, say two centuries of convulsion and
+      conflagration, more or less vivid, the fire-creation should be
+      accomplished, and we to find ourselves again in a Living Society, and no
+      longer fighting but working,&mdash;were it not perhaps prudent in Mankind
+      to strike the bargain?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be
+      deliberately burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the
+      faith that she is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one will
+      rise out of her ashes! We ourselves, restricted to the duty of Indicator,
+      shall forbear commentary. Meanwhile, will not the judicious reader shake
+      his head, and reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in anger, say or
+      think: From a <i>Doctor utriusque Juris</i>, titular Professor in a
+      University, and man to whom hitherto, for his services, Society, bad as
+      she is, has given not only food and raiment (of a kind), but books,
+      tobacco and gukguk, we expected more gratitude to his benefactress; and
+      less of a blind trust in the future which resembles that rather of a
+      philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast, than of a solid householder paying
+      scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0027">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in practice
+      probably the politest man extant: his whole heart and life are penetrated
+      and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural Courtesy
+      shines through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight, making a
+      rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds; nay
+      brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the crucible of
+      an alchemist. Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he expresses
+      himself on this head:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich? In
+      Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as it
+      gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully insists
+      on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth or birth:
+      but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due from all men
+      towards all men. Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his post, and worth
+      anything when there, this, with so much else, would be reformed. Nay, each
+      man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till at length a
+      rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with, than a Peasant
+      unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not that the clod he
+      broke was created in Heaven.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE;
+      is not this thy brother ALIVE? 'There is but one temple in the world,'
+      says Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man. Nothing is holier than
+      this high Form. Bending before men is a reverence done to this Revelation
+      in the Flesh. We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a human Body.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and whereas
+      the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with a
+      shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no hat
+      whatever. Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+      Impersonation of the Divinity? And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+      serves not. For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity; and
+      too often the bow is but pocketed by the <i>former</i>. It would go to the
+      pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in these
+      times); therefore must we withhold it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells and
+      outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer lodges,
+      but only the pure emblem and effigies of Man: I mean, to Empty, or even to
+      Cast Clothes. Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do reverence: to the
+      fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling animal with bandy legs'
+      which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of? Who ever saw any Lord my-lorded
+      in tattered blanket fastened with wooden skewer? Nevertheless, I say,
+      there is in such worship a shade of hypocrisy, a practical deception: for
+      how often does the Body appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only!
+      Whoso would avoid falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps
+      see good to take a different course. That reverence which cannot act
+      without obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have
+      free course when they are empty. Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the
+      Pagoda is not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow
+      cloth Garment with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man: nay, with
+      more, for I now fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did not King <i>Toomtabard</i>, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign
+      long over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the
+      'Toom Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining? What still dignity dwells in a suit
+      of Cast Clothes! How meekly it bears its honors! No haughty looks, no
+      scornful gesture: silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+      demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it. The Hat still carries the
+      physiognomy of its Head: but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+      goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone. The Coat-arm is
+      stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+      depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat hides
+      no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells not in it.
+      Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the carking cares and
+      foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its Clothes-horse; as, on a
+      Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified Apparition, visiting our
+      low Earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized Life,
+      the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny, under that
+      ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan broth; and was
+      one lone soul amid those grinding millions;&mdash;often have I turned into
+      their Old-Clothes Market to worship. With awe-struck heart I walk through
+      that Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a Sanhedrim of
+      stainless Ghosts. Silent are they, but expressive in their silence: the
+      past witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions, Virtues,
+      Crimes, and all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the Prison men
+      call Life.' Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom Old Clothes
+      are not venerable. Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded Jewish
+      High-priest, who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom, summons them
+      from the four winds! On his head, like the Pope, he has three Hats,&mdash;a
+      real triple tiara; on either hand are the similitude of wings, whereon the
+      summoned Garments come to alight; and ever, as he slowly cleaves the air,
+      sounds forth his deep fateful note, as if through a trumpet he were
+      proclaiming: 'Ghosts of Life, come to Judgment!' Reck not, ye fluttering
+      Ghosts: he will purify you in his Purgatory, with fire and with water;
+      and, one day, new-created ye shall reappear. Oh, let him in whom the flame
+      of Devotion is ready to go out, who has never worshipped, and knows not
+      what to worship, pace and repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of
+      Monmouth Street, and say whether his heart and his eyes still continue
+      dry. If Field Lane, with its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs,
+      be a Dionysius' Ear, where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the
+      Indictment which Poverty and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has
+      left them there cast out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the
+      Devil,&mdash;then is Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley
+      vision, the whole Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its
+      wail and jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and
+      gallows-ropes, farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,&mdash;the Bedlam of
+      Creation!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged. We
+      too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+      "Devotion:" probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+      fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in that
+      Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+      Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves
+      to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be
+      allowed to linger there without molestation.&mdash;Something we would have
+      given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and
+      loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in
+      austerest thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic
+      avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life"
+      rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh, that
+      listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum hearest
+      the grass grow!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents destined
+      for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic diary of this
+      his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among the Clothes-shops only
+      the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in conversation (for, indeed,
+      he was not a man to pester you with his Travels), have we heard him more
+      than allude to the subject.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+      early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+      Clothes-Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+      Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+      Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his soul,&mdash;as
+      in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a Universe!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0028">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself, and
+      burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a handsome
+      bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries," there seems
+      to lie but an ashy prospect. Not altogether so, however, does the
+      Professor figure it. "In the living subject," says he, "change is wont to
+      be gradual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the new is already
+      formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning of a World-Phoenix, who
+      fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a dead cinereous heap;
+      and therefrom the young one start up by miracle, and fly heavenward. Far
+      otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and Destruction proceed
+      together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown about, do organic
+      filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves: and amid the rushing
+      and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of a melodious
+      Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious Birth-song.
+      Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and thou wilt see."
+      Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who cannot expect to live
+      two centuries, those same organic filaments, mysteriously spinning
+      themselves, will be the best part of the spectacle. First, therefore, this
+      of Mankind in general:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother. Thy
+      very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in thy
+      splenetic humor: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I a
+      Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not thou!
+      I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+      soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like to
+      choose it. More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+      whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts: 'Wert
+      thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+      imaginable Glass bell,&mdash;what a thing it were, not for thyself only,
+      but for the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds,
+      impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread: neither from
+      within comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts
+      fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing
+      hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that, taking
+      and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there has a Hole
+      fallen out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which must be
+      darned up again!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages, paper and
+      other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are a blood-circulation,
+      visible to the eye: but the finer nervous circulation, by which all
+      things, the minutest that he does, minutely influence all men, and the
+      very look of his face blesses or curses whomso it lights on, and so
+      generates ever new blessing or new cursing: all this you cannot see, but
+      only imagine. I say, there is not a red Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg,
+      can quarrel with his squaw, but the whole world must smart for it: will
+      not the price of beaver rise? It is a mathematical fact that the casting
+      of this pebble from my hand alters the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+      indissolubly does generation with generation. Hast thou ever meditated on
+      that word, Tradition: how we inherit not Life only, but all the garniture
+      and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and feel, as our
+      Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning, have given it us?&mdash;Who
+      printed thee, for example, this unpretending Volume on the Philosophy of
+      Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and Company; but Cadmus of Thebes,
+      Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others whom thou knowest not. Had there
+      been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there had been no English Shakspeare, or a
+      different one. Simpleton! It was Tubal-cain that made thy very Tailor's
+      needle, and sewed that court-suit of thine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more
+      is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which
+      Nature were not. As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual
+      Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those
+      main currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions,
+      Polities, Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand and
+      know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator
+      thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou wilt
+      transmit it to the whole Future. It is thus that the heroic heart, the
+      seeing eye of the first times, still feels and sees in us of the latest;
+      that the Wise Man stands ever encompassed, and spiritually embraced, by a
+      cloud of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living, literal <i>Communion
+      of Saints</i>, wide as the World itself, and as the History of the World.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same
+      Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations. Generations
+      are as the Days of toilsome Mankind: Death and Birth are the vesper and
+      the matin bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for
+      new advancement. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy; but
+      has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and roll
+      onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but ever
+      completing. Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there is also a
+      fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still higher points
+      of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time, followed by an
+      Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction, as this also is
+      from time to time a necessary work, thou findest a like sequence and
+      perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand by that burning
+      of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at the glimmering
+      ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I note, the English
+      Whig has, in the second generation, become an English Radical; who, in the
+      third again, it is to be hoped, will become an English Rebuilder. Find
+      Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in living movement, in progress
+      faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft, hovers with outstretched wings,
+      filling Earth with her music; or, as now, she sinks, and with spheral
+      swan-song immolates herself in flame, that she may soar the higher and
+      sing the clearer."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this to
+      heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin another
+      passage, concerning Titles:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles
+      of Honor come hitherto from Fighting. Your <i>Herzog</i> (Duke, <i>Dux</i>)
+      is Leader of Armies; your Earl (<i>Jarl</i>) is Strong Man; your Marshal
+      cavalry Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having
+      from of old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more
+      indubitable, may it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will
+      cease to be palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of
+      King. <i>Konig</i> (King), anciently <i>Konning</i>, means Ken-ning
+      (Cunning), or which is the same thing, Can-ning. Ever must the Sovereign
+      of Mankind be fitly entitled King."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians: a King
+      rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+      will never give it him. Can I choose my own King? I can choose my own King
+      Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he who is to
+      be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen for me in
+      Heaven. Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen is Freedom
+      so much as conceivable."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+      Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+      astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with
+      our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict of
+      Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle for the
+      Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable Constitution kept
+      warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves in this spectral
+      Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the Unborn, where the
+      Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film dividing the Past
+      and the Future? In those dim long-drawn expanses, all is so immeasurable;
+      much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and straggling
+      light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with such an
+      indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the inevitably
+      coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant by centuries
+      or only by days), does he sit;&mdash;and live, you would say, rather in
+      any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to announce, or
+      repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep, silent,
+      slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with
+      shuddering admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+      Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: "Satisfy yourselves,"
+      he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing
+      or will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and so
+      vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically hatched
+      and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or at worst, in
+      some other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or Steam-mechanism. It
+      were a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of manufacture witnessed
+      hitherto." Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the British constitution, even
+      slightly?&mdash;He says, under another figure: "But after all, were the
+      problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To rebuild your old House from
+      the top downwards (since you must live in it the while), what better, what
+      other, than the Representative Machine will serve your turn? Meanwhile,
+      however, mock me not with the name of Free, 'when you have but knit up my
+      chains into ornamental festoons.'"&mdash;Or what will any member of the
+      Peace Society make of such an assertion as this: "The lower people
+      everywhere desire War. Not so unwisely; there is then a demand for lower
+      people&mdash;to be shot!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths of
+      speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions. Here, looking
+      round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+      touching "Hero-worship," be of the number? It seems of a cheerful
+      character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how little,
+      may lie under it. Our readers shall look with their own eyes:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+      obey. True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less bear
+      rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of nothing,
+      the equal of nothing. Nevertheless, believe not that man has lost his
+      faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone dead. Painful
+      for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has become
+      inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he feel
+      safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel
+      himself exalted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this: that
+      man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen into
+      perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+      whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey. Before no faintest
+      revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all, when
+      the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man. Thus is there a true
+      religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all ages, even in
+      ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox <i>Hero-worship</i>.
+      In which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed, and will forever
+      exist, universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern the corner-stone of
+      living rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest time may stand secure."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+      Teufelsdrockh, is looking at? He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+      and Voltaire? How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+      and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+      could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a smile
+      from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair beneath
+      his feet! All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though their
+      Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what will
+      be done in the green? If, in the most parched season of Man's History, in
+      the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was at best but a
+      scientific <i>Hortus Siccus</i>, bedizened with some Italian Gumflowers,
+      such virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for when Life again
+      waves leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall have nothing apelike,
+      but be wholly human? Know that there is in man a quite indestructible
+      Reverence for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even plausibly counterfeits
+      such holding. Show the dullest clodpoll, show the haughtiest featherhead,
+      that a soul higher than himself is actually here; were his knees stiffened
+      into brass, he must down and worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+      themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no Church, sayest thou? The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+      This is even what I dispute: but in any case, hast thou not still
+      Preaching enough? A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village; and
+      builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper. Therefrom he preaches what most
+      momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost not thou
+      listen, and believe? Look well, thou seest everywhere a new Clergy of the
+      Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost bare-backed, fashion itself
+      into shape, and teach and preach, zealously enough, for copper alms and
+      the love of God. These break in pieces the ancient idols; and, though
+      themselves too often reprobate, as idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out
+      the sites of new Churches, where the true God-ordained, that are to
+      follow, may find audience, and minister. Said I not, Before the old skin
+      was shed, the new had formed itself beneath it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+      ravelled sleeve:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor. "Fool! I tell thee,
+      there is. Hast thou well considered all that lies in this immeasurable
+      froth-ocean we name LITERATURE? Fragments of a genuine Church-<i>Homiletic</i>
+      lie scattered there, which Time will assort: nay fractions even of a <i>Liturgy</i>
+      could I point out. And knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture,
+      environment, and dialect of this age? None to whom the Godlike had
+      revealed itself, through all meanest and highest forms of the Common; and
+      by him been again prophetically revealed: in whose inspired melody, even
+      in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days, Man's Life again begins, were
+      it but afar off, to be divine? Knowest thou none such? I know him, and
+      name him&mdash;Goethe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+      feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people
+      perish? Be of comfort! Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith. Spake we
+      not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and
+      brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic Sufferings
+      rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all
+      times, as a sacred <i>Miserere</i>; their heroic Actions also, as a
+      boundless everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no
+      Symbol of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is
+      not Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a
+      perpetual Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old,
+      hear the Morning Stars sing together."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0029">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It is in his stupendous Section, headed <i>Natural Supernaturalism</i>,
+      that the Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as
+      we have witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+      Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof. Phantasms
+      enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of Imperial
+      Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not: yet still did he
+      courageously pierce through. Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+      world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round him,
+      perplexing and bewildering: but with these also he now resolutely
+      grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder. In a word, he has
+      looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly hulls
+      and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision, the
+      interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains to
+      Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us safe into
+      the promised land, where <i>Palingenesia</i>, in all senses, may be
+      considered as beginning. "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with
+      better right than Diogenes the First once did. This stupendous Section we,
+      after long painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible; but,
+      on the contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating. Let the
+      reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect is in
+      him, do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment, shall
+      study to do ours:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly begins
+      the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine. Meanwhile, the
+      question of questions were: What specially is a Miracle? To that Dutch
+      King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried with him an
+      air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a miracle. To my
+      Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific, do not I work a
+      miracle, and magical '<i>Open sesame</i>!<i>'</i> every time I please to
+      pay twopence, and open for him an impassable <i>Schlagbaum</i>, or shut
+      Turnpike?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?' ask
+      several. Whom I answer by this new question: What are the Laws of Nature?
+      To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation of these
+      Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first penetrated
+      into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been, brought to
+      bear on us with its Material Force.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment: On what ground shall
+      one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore he can teach
+      Religion? To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such declaration were
+      inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the First Century, was
+      full of meaning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries an
+      illuminated class: 'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move by
+      unalterable rules?' Probable enough, good friends: nay I, too, must
+      believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+      variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that Nature,
+      that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be prevented from
+      calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable rules. And now of
+      you, too, I make the old inquiry: What those same unalterable rules,
+      forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may possibly be?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+      records of Man's Experience?&mdash;Was Man with his Experience present at
+      the Creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any deepest scientific
+      individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and gauged
+      everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that they read
+      His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say, This stands
+      marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise! These
+      scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are; have seen
+      some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is infinite,
+      without bottom as without shore.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+      with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in a
+      course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+      succeeded in detecting,&mdash;is to me as precious as to another. But is
+      this what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the
+      World;' this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen
+      thousand Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons,
+      and inert Balls, had been&mdash;looked at, nick-named, and marked in the
+      Zodiacal Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their
+      How, their Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "System of Nature! To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+      remains of quite <i>infinite</i> depth, of quite infinite expansion; and
+      all Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+      measured square-miles. The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+      fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us: but who knows what deeper
+      courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our
+      little Epicycle revolves on? To the Minnow every cranny and pebble, and
+      quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become familiar:
+      but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic Currents, the
+      Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all which the condition
+      of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time to time
+      (unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed? Such a minnow is
+      Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable All; his
+      Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence through
+      AEons of AEons.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We speak of the Volume of Nature: and truly a Volume it is,&mdash;whose
+      Author and Writer is God. To read it! Dost thou, does man, so much as well
+      know the Alphabet thereof? With its Words, Sentences, and grand
+      descriptive Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar
+      Systems, and Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee. It is a Volume
+      written in celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which
+      even Prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.
+      As for your Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely;
+      and, from amid the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic
+      writing, pick out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar
+      Character, and therefrom put together this and the other economic Recipe,
+      of high avail in Practice. That Nature is more than some boundless Volume
+      of such Recipes, or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible Domestic-Cookery Book,
+      of which the whole secret will in this manner one day evolve itself, the
+      fewest dream.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all. Consider
+      well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers; and weaves
+      air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby indeed these
+      dwell with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our houses and
+      workshops; but their spiritual nature becomes, to the most, forever
+      hidden. Philosophy complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from the
+      first; that we do everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that our very
+      Axioms, let us boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest simply such
+      Beliefs as we have never heard questioned. Nay, what is Philosophy
+      throughout but a continual battle against Custom; an ever-renewed effort
+      to <i>transcend</i> the sphere of blind Custom, and so become
+      Transcendental?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom: but of
+      all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+      Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous. True, it is by
+      this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder: and herein is
+      Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit. But she is a
+      fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when, in our
+      resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception. Am I to view
+      the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen it twice, or
+      two hundred, or two million times? There is no reason in Nature or in Art
+      why I should: unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine, for whom the
+      divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial gift of Steam is
+      to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be spun, and money and
+      money's worth realized.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+      Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+      Garments. Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology, we
+      have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves. Seldom reflecting that
+      still the new question comes upon us: What is Madness, what are Nerves?
+      Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific, altogether <i>infernal</i>
+      boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through this fair-painted Vision of
+      Creation, which swims thereon, which we name the Real. Was Luther's
+      Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it were formed within the
+      bodily eye, or without it? In every the wisest Soul lies a whole world of
+      internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire; out of which, indeed, his
+      world of Wisdom has been creatively built together, and now rests there,
+      as on its dark foundations does a habitable flowery Earth rind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+      other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+      SPACE and TIME. These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth itself,
+      to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind it,&mdash;lie
+      all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof, whereby all
+      minor Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint themselves.
+      In vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip them off; you
+      can, at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look through.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+      Anywhere, behold he was There. By this means had Fortunatus triumphed over
+      Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but all was
+      Here. Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+      Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world we
+      should have of it! Still stranger, should, on the opposite side of the
+      street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his fellow-craftsman
+      made Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating! Of both would I
+      purchase, were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of this latter. To
+      clap on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were Anywhere,
+      straightway to be <i>There</i>! Next to clap on your other felt, and,
+      simply by wishing that you were <i>Anywhen</i>, straightway to be <i>Then</i>!
+      This were indeed the grander: shooting at will from the Fire-Creation of
+      the World to its Fire-Consummation; here historically present in the First
+      Century, conversing face to face with Paul and Seneca; there prophetically
+      in the Thirty-first, conversing also face to face with other Pauls and
+      Senecas, who as yet stand hidden in the depth of that late Time!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable? Is the Past
+      annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only future?
+      Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already answer: already
+      through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded summonest both Past
+      and Future, and communest with them, though as yet darkly, and with mute
+      beckonings. The curtains of Yesterday drop down, the curtains of To-morrow
+      roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both <i>are</i>. Pierce through the
+      Time-element, glance into the Eternal. Believe what thou findest written
+      in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all Thinkers, in all ages, have
+      devoutly read it there: that Time and Space are not God, but creations of
+      God; that with God as it is a universal HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?&mdash;O Heaven! Is the
+      white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+      behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+      receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+      journeyed on alone,&mdash;but a pale spectral Illusion! Is the lost Friend
+      still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with God!&mdash;know
+      of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are perishable;
+      that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and whatever will
+      be, is even now and forever. This, should it unhappily seem new, thou
+      mayest ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years, or the next
+      twenty centuries: believe it thou must; understand it thou canst not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are
+      sent into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole
+      Practical reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings, seems
+      altogether fit, just, and unavoidable. But that they should, furthermore,
+      usurp such sway over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind us to the wonder
+      everywhere lying close on us, seems nowise so. Admit Space and Time to
+      their due rank as Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou wilt, to their quite
+      undue rank of Realities: and consider, then, with thyself how their thin
+      disguises hide from us the brightest God-effulgences! Thus, were it not
+      miraculous, could I stretch forth my hand and clutch the Sun? Yet thou
+      seest me daily stretch forth my hand and therewith clutch many a thing,
+      and swing it hither and thither. Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy
+      that the Miracle lies in miles of distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of
+      weight; and not to see that the true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle
+      lies in this, that I can stretch forth my hand at all; that I have free
+      Force to clutch aught therewith? Innumerable other of this sort are the
+      deceptions, and wonder-hiding stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still worse is it with regard to Time. Your grand anti-magician, and
+      universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time. Had we but the
+      Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves in
+      a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and
+      feats of Magic, were outdone. But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and
+      man, poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without
+      one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+      walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre? Yet tell me, Who built
+      these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+      dance along from the <i>Steinbruch</i> (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+      frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and Ionic
+      pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets? Was it not the still
+      higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the divine Music
+      of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man? Our highest Orpheus walked in
+      Judea, eighteen hundred years ago: his sphere-melody, flowing in wild
+      native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and, being of a
+      truth sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now with thousand-fold
+      accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our hearts; and
+      modulates, and divinely leads them. Is that a wonder, which happens in two
+      hours; and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in two million? Not
+      only was Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but without the music of
+      some inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no work that man glories in
+      ever done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from the near
+      moving-cause to its far distant Mover: The stroke that came transmitted
+      through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a stroke than if the
+      last ball only had been struck, and sent flying? Oh, could I (with the
+      Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from the Beginnings, to the
+      Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy heart set flaming in the
+      Light-sea of celestial wonder! Then sawest thou that this fair Universe,
+      were it in the meanest province thereof, is in very deed the star-domed
+      City of God; that through every star, through every grass-blade, and most
+      through every Living Soul, the glory of a present God still beams. But
+      Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God, and reveals Him to the wise,
+      hides Him from the foolish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic Ghost?
+      The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could not,
+      though he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and tapped
+      on coffins. Foolish Doctor! Did he never, with the mind's eye as well as
+      with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human Life he so
+      loved; did he never so much as look into Himself? The good Doctor was a
+      Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish; well-nigh a million of
+      Ghosts were travelling the streets by his side. Once more I say, sweep
+      away the illusion of Time; compress the threescore years into three
+      minutes: what else was he, what else are we? Are we not Spirits, that are
+      shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and that fade away again into air
+      and Invisibility? This is no metaphor, it is a simple scientific <i>fact</i>:
+      we start out of Nothingness, take figure, and are Apparitions; round us,
+      as round the veriest spectre, is Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as
+      years and aeons. Come there not tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial
+      harp-strings, like the Song of beatified Souls? And again, do not we
+      squeak and gibber (in our discordant, screech-owlish debatings and
+      recriminatings); and glide bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar (<i>poltern</i>),
+      and revel in our mad Dance of the Dead,&mdash;till the scent of the
+      morning air summons us to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake
+      and Day? Where now is Alexander of Macedon: does the steel Host, that
+      yelled in fierce battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or
+      have they all vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must? Napoleon
+      too, and his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns! Was it all other
+      than the veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that
+      made Night hideous, flitted away?&mdash;Ghosts! There are nigh a thousand
+      million walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have
+      vanished from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks
+      once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only
+      carry each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts! These
+      Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with its
+      burning Passion? They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered round
+      our ME: wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence is to
+      be revealed in the Flesh. That warrior on his strong war-horse, fire
+      flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart: but warrior
+      and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more. Stately they
+      tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance: fool! the Earth is but a
+      film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink beyond plummet's
+      sounding. Plummet's? Fantasy herself will not follow them. A little while
+      ago, they were not; a little while, and they are not, their very ashes are
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end. Generation
+      after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing
+      from Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS. What Force and Fire is
+      in each he expends: one grinding in the mill of Industry; one hunter-like
+      climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly dashed in pieces
+      on the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:&mdash;and then the
+      Heaven-sent is recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away, and soon even to
+      Sense becomes a vanished Shadow. Thus, like some wild-flaming,
+      wild-thundering train of Heaven's Artillery, does this mysterious MANKIND
+      thunder and flame, in long-drawn, quick-succeeding grandeur, through the
+      unknown Deep. Thus, like a God-created, fire-breathing Spirit-host, we
+      emerge from the Inane; haste stormfully across the astonished Earth; then
+      plunge again into the Inane. Earth's mountains are levelled, and her seas
+      filled up, in our passage: can the Earth, which is but dead and a vision,
+      resist Spirits which have reality and are alive? On the hardest adamant
+      some footprint of us is stamped in; the last Rear of the host will read
+      traces of the earliest Van. But whence?&mdash;O Heaven whither? Sense
+      knows not; Faith knows not; only that it is through Mystery to Mystery,
+      from God and to God.
+    </p>
+<pre>
+                        'We <i>are such stuff</i>
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0030">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Here, then, arises the so momentous question: Have many British Readers
+      actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy of
+      Clothes now at last opening around them? Long and adventurous has the
+      journey been: from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+      through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+      inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+      themselves! And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+      Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+      Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+      outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+      divided from what is unchangeable? Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in <i>Faust</i>,&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician, Shakespeare,&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      begin to have some meaning for us? In a word, do we at length stand safe
+      in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that Phoenix
+      Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears possible,
+      is seen to be inevitable?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor, by
+      Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+      complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope, that
+      many have travelled without accident. No firm arch, overspanning the
+      Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only, as was
+      said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon. Alas, and
+      the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck character; the
+      darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+      discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage, in
+      spite of all? Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+      courage. By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout; the
+      hand can stretch itself forth to work there: it is in this grand and
+      indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according to
+      ability. New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built; nay, may not
+      our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and repassings, be
+      mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable even for the
+      halt?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous and
+      full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no
+      longer by our side? The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar off, in
+      unsympathetic astonishment, at our career: not a few, pressing forward
+      with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now swim
+      weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards that.
+      To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some word of
+      encouragement be said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance Teufelsdrockh
+      unhappily has somewhat infected us,&mdash;can it be hidden from the Editor
+      that many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in head, and
+      afflicted rather than instructed by the present Work? Yes, long ago has
+      many a British Reader been, as now, demanding with something like a snarl:
+      Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in it?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+      faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in it;
+      but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat. Nevertheless, if
+      through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means of him,
+      have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the
+      Clothes-Screen, as through a magical <i>Pierre-Pertuis</i>, thou lookest,
+      even for moments, into the region of the Wonderful, and seest and feelest
+      that thy daily life is girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder, and thy very
+      blankets and breeches are Miracles,&mdash;then art thou profited beyond
+      money's worth; and hast a thankfulness towards our Professor; nay, perhaps
+      in many a literary Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and audibly express
+      that same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+      Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+      itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes; and
+      thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh cutting
+      into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness of
+      Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly a Vesture
+      and Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are articles of
+      wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)? In which case, must it not also
+      be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one, and may with
+      infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit: that it takes
+      scientific rank beside Codification, and Political Economy, and the Theory
+      of the British Constitution; nay rather, from its prophetic height looks
+      down on all these, as on so many weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where
+      the Vestures which <i>it</i> has to fashion, and consecrate, and
+      distribute, are, too often by haggard hungry operatives who see no farther
+      than their nose, mechanically woven and spun?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural
+      Supernaturalism, and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or
+      Transcendental portion of the Science, or bears never so remotely on that
+      promised Volume of the <i>Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft</i>
+      (Newbirth of Society),&mdash;we humbly suggest that no province of
+      Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is without its direct value, but that
+      innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn therefrom. To
+      say nothing of those pregnant considerations, ethical, political,
+      symbolical, which crowd on the Clothes-Philosopher from the very threshold
+      of his Science; nothing even of those "architectural ideas," which, as we
+      have seen, lurk at the bottom of all Modes, and will one day, better
+      unfolding themselves, lead to important revolutions,&mdash;let us glance
+      for a moment, and with the faintest light of Clothes-Philosophy, on what
+      may be called the Habilatory Class of our fellow-men. Here too
+      overlooking, where so much were to be looked on, the million spinners,
+      weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers, that puddle and muddle in
+      their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and die that we may live,&mdash;let
+      us but turn the reader's attention upon two small divisions of mankind,
+      who, like moths, may be regarded as Cloth-animals, creatures that live,
+      move and have their being in Cloth: we mean, Dandies and Tailors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without
+      scruple, that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at
+      fault; and even that the dictates of humanity are violated. As will
+      perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0031">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific strictness,
+      what a Dandy specially is. A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose
+      trade, office and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes. Every
+      faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is heroically consecrated to
+      this one object, the wearing of Clothes wisely and well: so that as others
+      dress to live, he lives to dress. The all-importance of Clothes, which a
+      German Professor, of unequalled learning and acumen, writes his enormous
+      Volume to demonstrate, has sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without
+      effort, like an instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of
+      Cloth. What Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with
+      him; and this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or
+      wring his heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea an
+      Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a witness
+      and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes. We called him a Poet:
+      is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes, with
+      cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow? Say, rather,
+      an Epos, and <i>Clotha Virumque cano</i>, to the whole world, in Macaronic
+      verses, which he that runs may read. Nay, if you grant, what seems to be
+      admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in him, and some
+      notions of Time and Space, is there not in this life-devotedness to Cloth,
+      in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal to the Perishable, something
+      (though in reverse order) of that blending and identification of Eternity
+      with Time, which, as we have seen, constitutes the Prophetic character?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+      what is it that the Dandy asks in return? Solely, we may say, that you
+      would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+      even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays of
+      light. Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has already
+      secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes. Understand
+      his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret it; do but
+      look at him, and he is contented. May we not well cry shame on an
+      ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will waste its
+      optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and over the
+      domestic wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with hasty
+      indifference, and a scarcely concealed contempt! Him no Zoologist classes
+      among the Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care: when did we see any
+      injected Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen of him
+      preserved in spirits! Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a snuff-brown
+      suit, with snuff-brown shirt and shoes: it skills not; the undiscerning
+      public, occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless on the other
+      side.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly speaking,
+      gone. Yet perhaps only gone to sleep: for here arises the
+      Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and the
+      other! Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the essential
+      nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that lies in him,
+      cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable hallucination.
+      The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh may set the
+      matter, if not in its true light, yet in the way towards such. It is to be
+      regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere, the Professor's keen
+      philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a certain mixture of almost
+      owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse, ineffectual, ironic
+      tendency; our readers shall judge which:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+      driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good men,
+      looking and longing and silently working there towards some new
+      Revelation; or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied
+      soul seeking its terrestrial organization,&mdash;into how many strange
+      shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and
+      errantly cast itself! The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the
+      while without Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly
+      active, and work blindly in the great chaotic deep: thus Sect after Sect,
+      and Church after Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into new
+      metamorphosis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+      worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements (of
+      Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and
+      monstrosities are best generated. Among the newer Sects of that country,
+      one of the most notable, and closely connected with our present subject,
+      is that of the <i>Dandies</i>; concerning which, what little information I
+      have been able to procure may fitly stand here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+      sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+      speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps rather a
+      Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the psychologic
+      eye its devotional and even sacrificial character plainly enough reveals
+      itself. Whether it belongs to the class of Fetish-worships, or of
+      Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other class, may in the present
+      state of our intelligence remain undecided (<i>schweben</i>). A certain
+      touch of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic shape, is discernible
+      enough; also (for human Error walks in a cycle, and reappears at
+      intervals) a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that Superstition of the
+      Athos Monks, who by fasting from all nourishment, and looking intensely
+      for a length of time into their own navels, came to discern therein the
+      true Apocalypse of Nature, and Heaven Unveiled. To my own surmise, it
+      appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new modification, adapted to
+      the new time, of that primeval Superstition, <i>Self-worship</i>; which
+      Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee, Mahomet, and others, strove rather to subordinate
+      and restrain than to eradicate; and which only in the purer forms of
+      Religion has been altogether rejected. Wherefore, if any one chooses to
+      name it revived Ahrimanism, or a new figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so
+      far as is yet visible, no objection.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect, display
+      courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's nature, though
+      never so enslaved. They affect great purity and separatism; distinguish
+      themselves by a particular costume (whereof some notices were given in the
+      earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so far as possible, by a
+      particular speech (apparently some broken <i>Lingua-franca</i>, or
+      English-French); and, on the whole, strive to maintain a true Nazarene
+      deportment, and keep themselves unspotted from the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+      stands in their metropolis; and is named <i>Almack's</i>, a word of
+      uncertain etymology. They worship principally by night; and have their
+      High-priests and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for life.
+      The rites, by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps with an
+      Eleusinian or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret. Nor are Sacred
+      Books wanting to the Sect; these they call <i>Fashionable Novels</i>:
+      however, the Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and others
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some
+      samples; and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an
+      Inquirer into Clothes, set to interpret and study them. But wholly to no
+      purpose: that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not
+      refuse me credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught. In
+      vain that I summoned my whole energies (<i>mich weidlich anstrengte</i>),
+      and did my very utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly
+      seized with not so much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind
+      of infinite, unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to
+      which the frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened. And if
+      I strove to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there came a
+      hitherto unfelt sensation, as of <i>Delirium Tremens</i>, and a melting
+      into total deliquium: till at last, by order of the Doctor, dreading ruin
+      to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties, and a general breaking up
+      of the constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly forbore. Was there
+      some miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls, and supernal and
+      infernal prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish Mysteries, have also
+      more than once scared back the Alien? Be this as it may, such failure on
+      my part, after best efforts, must excuse the imperfection of this sketch;
+      altogether incomplete, yet the completest I could give of a Sect too
+      singular to be omitted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+      private individual, to open another <i>Fashionable Novel</i>. But luckily,
+      in this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+      deliverance is held out to me. Round one of those Book-packages, which the
+      <i>Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung</i> is in the habit of importing from
+      England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets (<i>Maculatur-blatter</i>),
+      by way of interior wrappage: into these the Clothes-Philosopher, with a
+      certain Mahometan reverence even for waste-paper, where curious knowledge
+      will sometimes hover, disdains not to cast his eye. Readers may judge of
+      his astonishment when on such a defaced stray-sheet, probably the outcast
+      fraction of some English Periodical, such as they name <i>Magazine</i>,
+      appears something like a Dissertation on this very subject of <i>Fashionable
+      Novels</i>! It sets out, indeed, chiefly from a Secular point of view;
+      directing itself, not without asperity, against some to me unknown
+      individual named <i>Pelham</i>, who seems to be a Mystagogue, and leading
+      Teacher and Preacher of the Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise was not
+      to be expected in such a fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true secret, the
+      Religious physiognomy and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is nowise laid
+      fully open there. Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time to time
+      sparkle out, whereby I have endeavored to profit. Nay, in one passage
+      selected from the Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever they are
+      (for the style seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what appears
+      to be a Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the tenets
+      of that Sect. Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as proceeding
+      from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven distinct
+      Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+      therewith taking leave of this matter. Observe also, that to avoid
+      possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+      Original:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '1. Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+      time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '2. The collar is a very important point: it should be low behind, and
+      slightly rolled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '3. No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+      posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '4. There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '5. The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than in
+      his rings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '6. It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear white
+      waistcoats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '7. The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+      but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British Sect,
+      originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat still is;
+      but known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere rapidly
+      spreading. As this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books, it
+      remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which has
+      published Books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate to
+      read. The members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity of
+      names, according to their various places of establishment: in England they
+      are generally called the <i>Drudge</i> Sect; also, unphilosophically
+      enough, the <i>White Negroes</i>; and, chiefly in scorn by those of other
+      communions, the <i>Ragged-Beggar</i> Sect. In Scotland, again, I find them
+      entitled <i>Hallanshakers</i>, or the <i>Stook of Duds</i> Sect; any
+      individual communicant is named <i>Stook of Duds</i> (that is, Shock of
+      Rags), in allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in
+      Ireland, which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go by a
+      perplexing multiplicity of designations, such as <i>Bogtrotters,
+      Redshanks, Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood,
+      Rockites, Poor-Slaves</i>: which last, however, seems to be the primary
+      and generic name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary
+      species, or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the
+      parent stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+      here loss of time to dwell on. Enough for us to understand, what seems
+      indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the <i>Poor-Slaves</i>;
+      whose doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and
+      animate the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood: how the Universe, and
+      Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish
+      Poor-Slave; with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the
+      Future, round on the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely
+      difficult to specify. Something Monastic there appears to be in their
+      Constitution: we find them bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty and
+      Obedience; which vows, especially the former, it is said, they observe
+      with great strictness; nay, as I have understood it, they are pledged, and
+      be it by any solemn Nazarene ordination or not, irrevocably consecrated
+      thereto, even <i>before</i> birth. That the third Monastic Vow, of
+      Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I find no ground to conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+      principle of wearing a peculiar Costume. Of which Irish Poor-Slave Costume
+      no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for this
+      reason, that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem
+      describable. Their raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets and
+      irregular wings, of all cloths and of all colors; through the labyrinthic
+      intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some unknown process.
+      It is fastened together by a multiplex combination of buttons, thrums and
+      skewers; to which frequently is added a girdle of leather, of hempen or
+      even of straw rope, round the loins. To straw rope, indeed, they seem
+      partial, and often wear it by way of sandals. In head-dress they affect a
+      certain freedom: hats with partial brim, without crown, or with only a
+      loose, hinged, or valve crown; in the former case, they sometimes invert
+      the hat, and wear it brim uppermost, like a university-cap, with what view
+      is unknown.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+      origin: not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+      Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character. One
+      might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth: for they dig and
+      affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in private
+      Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from her; seldom
+      looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with comparative
+      indifference. Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live in dark
+      dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they find such,
+      and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other opaque substances,
+      till the fit obscurity is restored. Again, like all followers of
+      Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an enthusiasm rising
+      to ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet in sod cottages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In respect of diet, they have also their observances. All Poor-Slaves are
+      Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use Salted
+      Herrings: other animal food they abstain from; except indeed, with perhaps
+      some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling, such animals as
+      die a natural death. Their universal sustenance is the root named Potato,
+      cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment or relish of any
+      kind, save an unknown condiment named <i>Point</i>, into the meaning of
+      which I have vainly inquired; the victual <i>Potatoes-and-Point</i> not
+      appearing, at least not with specific accuracy of description, in any
+      European Cookery-Book whatever. For drink, they use, with an almost
+      epigrammatic counterpoise of taste, Milk, which is the mildest of liquors,
+      and <i>Potheen</i>, which is the fiercest. This latter I have tasted, as
+      well as the English <i>Blue-Ruin</i>, and the Scotch <i>Whiskey</i>,
+      analogous fluids used by the Sect in those countries: it evidently
+      contains some form of alcohol, in the highest state of concentration,
+      though disguised with acrid oils; and is, on the whole, the most pungent
+      substance known to me,&mdash;indeed, a perfect liquid fire. In all their
+      Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said to be an indispensable requisite,
+      and largely consumed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself
+      under the to me unmeaning title of <i>The late John Bernard</i>, offers
+      the following sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof,
+      though such is not stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.
+      Thereby shall my German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it were
+      with their own eyes; and even see him at meat. Moreover, in the so
+      precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned, I have found some
+      corresponding picture of a Dandiacal Household, painted by that same
+      Dandiacal Mystagogue, or Theogonist: this also, by way of counterpart and
+      contrast, the world shall look into.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been a
+      species of Innkeeper. I quote from the original:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+      oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin. There was a
+      Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and the
+      space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for their
+      cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests. On entering the house we
+      discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner: the father sitting at
+      the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side, of a large
+      oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a trough, to
+      receive the contents of their Pot of Potatoes. Little holes were cut at
+      equal distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on the table:
+      all the luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes were dispensed
+      with.' The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he says,
+      broad-backed, black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth from ear
+      to ear. His Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and his young
+      ones, bare and chubby, had the appetite of ravens. Of their Philosophical
+      or Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+      often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs
+      and ottomans of the same hue. Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on
+      each side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet. Several
+      Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a smaller
+      table of mother-of-pearl: opposite to these are placed the appurtenances
+      of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver. A Wardrobe of Buhl is on the
+      left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover a profusion of
+      Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize the lower shelves.
+      Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight glimpse of a
+      Bath-room. Folding-doors in the background.&mdash;Enter the Author,' our
+      Theogonist in person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French Valet, in white
+      silk Jacket and cambric Apron.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+      portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country. To the
+      eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with the
+      elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling. These two
+      principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or
+      Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do as yet
+      indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable shapes:
+      nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications, they extend
+      through the entire structure of Society, and work unweariedly in the
+      secret depths of English national Existence; striving to separate and
+      isolate it into two contradictory, uncommunicating masses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges, it
+      would seem, are hourly increasing. The Dandiacal, again, is by nature no
+      proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and is
+      strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet no
+      rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+      affiliations. If, indeed, there were to arise a <i>Communion of Drudges</i>,
+      as there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would
+      follow therefrom! Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism: but
+      perhaps the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought to
+      look down, and which up, is not so distant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+      between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+      there be none left to enlist on either side. Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+      with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body: the Drudges,
+      gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+      Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+      refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will form
+      another. I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless boiling
+      Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm land: as
+      yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells, which man's art
+      might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily widening: they are
+      hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep, over which your firm
+      land is but a thin crust or rind! Thus daily is the intermediate land
+      crumbling in, daily the empire of the two Buchan-Bullers extending; till
+      now there is but a foot-plank, a mere film of Land between them; this too
+      is washed away: and then&mdash;we have the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's
+      Deluge is out-deluged!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled
+      Electric Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries
+      of opposite quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one
+      attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity
+      of the nation (namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy with
+      the Negative (that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.
+      Hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters: but wait a
+      little, till the entire nation is in an electric state: till your whole
+      vital Electricity, no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two isolated
+      portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger); and stands
+      there bottled up in two World-Batteries! The stirring of a child's finger
+      brings the two together; and then&mdash;What then? The Earth is but
+      shivered into impalpable smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the Sun misses
+      one of his Planets in Space, and thenceforth there are no eclipses of the
+      Moon.&mdash;Or better still, I might liken"&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which,
+      truly, it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+      from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+      Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion: but
+      never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort his
+      otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the <i>Dandiacal Body</i>!
+      Or was there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer not
+      quite the blinkard he affects to be? Of an ordinary mortal we should have
+      decisively answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh there
+      ever hovers some shade of doubt. In the mean while, if satire were
+      actually intended, the case is little better. There are not wanting men
+      who will answer: Does your Professor take us for simpletons? His irony has
+      overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0032">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. TAILORS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+      Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently drawn;
+      and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors. On this latter our
+      opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself, as
+      expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore, we
+      willingly give place. Let him speak his own last words, in his own way:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding
+      fight of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van, and
+      thrones be hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch of
+      Iniquity have his victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs, before
+      Tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood, and this
+      last wound of suffering Humanity be closed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us, here
+      might we indeed pause and wonder. An idea has gone abroad, and fixed
+      itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a
+      distinct species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a Man.
+      Call any one a <i>Schneider</i> (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our
+      dislocated, hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society,
+      equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity? The epithet <i>schneidermassig</i>
+      (tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable degree of
+      pusillanimity; we introduce a <i>Tailor's-Melancholy</i>, more opprobrious
+      than any Leprosy, into our Books of Medicine; and fable I know not what of
+      his generating it by living on Cabbage. Why should I speak of Hans Sachs
+      (himself a Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor), with his <i>Schneider
+      mit dem Panier</i>? Why of Shakspeare, in his <i>Taming of the Shrew</i>,
+      and elsewhere? Does it not stand on record that the English Queen
+      Elizabeth, receiving a deputation of Eighteen Tailors, addressed them with
+      a 'Good morning, gentlemen both!' Did not the same virago boast that she
+      had a Cavalry Regiment, whereof neither horse nor man could be injured;
+      her Regiment, namely, of Tailors on Mares? Thus everywhere is the
+      falsehood taken for granted, and acted on as an indisputable fact.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it is
+      disputable or not? Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+      Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+      sartorius? Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured to
+      perform? Can he not arrest for debt? Is he not in most countries a
+      taxpaying animal?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is mine.
+      Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural Inquiries,
+      is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated towards a
+      higher Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen forecast of
+      genius, dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear light: that the
+      Tailor is not only a Man, but something of a Creator or Divinity. Of
+      Franklin it was said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from Heaven and the
+      Sceptre from Kings:' but which is greater, I would ask, he that lends, or
+      he that snatches? For, looking away from individual cases, and how a Man
+      is by the Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and clothed not only with
+      Wool but with Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,&mdash;is not the fair fabric
+      of Society itself, with all its royal mantles and pontifical stoles,
+      whereby, from nakedness and dismemberment, we are organized into Polities,
+      into nations, and a whole co-operating Mankind, the creation, as has here
+      been often irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor alone?&mdash;What too are
+      all Poets and moral Teachers, but a species of Metaphorical Tailors?
+      Touching which high Guild the greatest living Guild-brother has
+      triumphantly asked us: 'Nay if thou wilt have it, who but the Poet first
+      made Gods for men; brought them down to us; and raised us up to them?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his
+      Shopboard, the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!
+      Look up, thou much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope, and
+      prophetic bodings of a noble better time. Too long hast thou sat there, on
+      crossed legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some sacred
+      Anchorite, or Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down Heaven's richest
+      blessings, for a world that scoffed at thee. Be of hope! Already streaks
+      of blue peer through our clouds; the thick gloom of Ignorance is rolling
+      asunder, and it will be Day. Mankind will repay with interest their
+      long-accumulated debt: the Anchorite that was scoffed at will be
+      worshipped; the Fraction will become not an Integer only, but a Square and
+      Cube. With astonishment the world will recognize that the Tailor is its
+      Hierophant and Hierarch, or even its God.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+      Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which
+      the Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:
+      How many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this
+      Arabian Whinstone!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in the
+      Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood written
+      that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;' and stood
+      painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and between the knees
+      these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. Was not this the martyr
+      prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet sighing towards
+      deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better day? A day of
+      justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to man, and the
+      Scissors become forever venerable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in vain.
+      It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and shed
+      asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived this Work
+      on Clothes: the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has already, after
+      long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so large a section of my
+      Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion may here find its
+      conclusion."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2HCH0033">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more
+      like a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for his
+      fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them
+      separately on a cover of our own. A laborious, perhaps a thankless
+      enterprise; in which, however, something of hope has occasionally cheered
+      us, and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether without
+      satisfaction. If hereby, though in barbaric wise, some morsel of spiritual
+      nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our beloved British
+      world, what nobler recompense could the Editor desire? If it prove
+      otherwise, why should he murmur? Was not this a Task which Destiny, in any
+      case, had appointed him; which having now done with, he sees his general
+      Day's-work so much the lighter, so much the shorter?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without a
+      mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval. Who will not
+      regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher walks of
+      Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a rummaging
+      among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels, where lost
+      rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests? Regret is
+      unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time. To cure him of his mad humors
+      British Criticism would essay in vain: enough for her if she can, by
+      vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves. What a result,
+      should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of writing, not
+      to say of thinking, become general among our Literary men! As it might so
+      easily do. Thus has not the Editor himself, working over Teufelsdrockh's
+      German, lost much of his own English purity? Even as the smaller whirlpool
+      is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along with it, so has the
+      lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become portion of the
+      greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively: which habit time and
+      assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any reader
+      that can part with him in declared enmity? Let us confess, there is that
+      in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost attaches
+      us. His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man who had said
+      to Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not be; and to
+      Truth, Be thou in place of all to me: a man who had manfully defied the
+      "Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps, Hannibal-like, was
+      mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare, and now stood minded
+      to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places, at all times. In such a
+      cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still the question returns on us: How could a man occasionally of keen
+      insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+      communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+      absurd? Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+      satisfactorily answer. Our conjecture has sometimes been, that perhaps
+      Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it. Seems it not conceivable
+      that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much bountifully given by
+      Nature had in Practice failed and misgone, Literature also would never
+      rightly prosper: that striving with his characteristic vehemence to paint
+      this and the other Picture, and ever without success, he at last
+      desperately dashes his sponge, full of all colors, against the canvas, to
+      try whether it will paint Foam? With all his stillness, there were perhaps
+      in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough for this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty. It is, that
+      Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a wish
+      to proselytize. How often already have we paused, uncertain whether the
+      basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair, or
+      Love and Hope only seared into the figure of these! Remarkable, moreover,
+      is this saying of his: "How were Friendship possible? In mutual
+      devotedness to the Good and True: otherwise impossible; except as Armed
+      Neutrality, or hollow Commercial League. A man, be the Heavens ever
+      praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in Love,
+      capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail in.
+      Infinite is the help man can yield to man." And now in conjunction
+      therewith consider this other: "It is the Night of the World, and still
+      long till it be Day: we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and the
+      Sun and the Stars of Heaven are as if blotted out for a season; and two
+      immeasurable Phantoms, HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul, SENSUALITY,
+      stalk abroad over the Earth, and call it theirs: well at ease are the
+      Sleepers for whom Existence is a shallow Dream."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality? Should not these
+      unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?&mdash;In
+      which case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous
+      Pitch-pan, which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had kindled,
+      that it might flame far and wide through the Night, and many a
+      disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a Brother's bosom!&mdash;We
+      say as before, with all his malign Indifference, who knows what mad Hopes
+      this man may harbor?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+      such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other men,
+      might as good as altogether subvert it. Namely, that while the Beacon-fire
+      blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that no pilgrim could
+      now ask him: Watchman, what of the Night? Professor Teufelsdrockh, be it
+      known, is no longer visibly present at Weissnichtwo, but again to all
+      appearance lost in space! Some time ago, the Hofrath Heuschrecke was
+      pleased to favor us with another copious Epistle; wherein much is said
+      about the "Population-Institute;" much repeated in praise of the Paper-bag
+      Documents, the hieroglyphic nature of which our Hofrath still seems not to
+      have surmised; and, lastly, the strangest occurrence communicated, to us
+      for the first time, in the following paragraph:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Ew. Wohlgeboren</i> will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+      affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+      disappearance of her Sage. Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+      on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves by
+      what mystery he went away! But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or affects
+      the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance: in the Wahngasse all
+      lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself can hitherto
+      elicit no answer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those Parisian
+      Three Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear in Weissnichtwo,
+      Herr Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the <i>Gans</i> or elsewhere, to have
+      spoken, for a whole week, any syllable except once these three: <i>Es geht
+      an</i> (It is beginning). Shortly after, as <i>Ew. Wohlgeboren</i> knows,
+      was the public tranquillity here, as in Berlin, threatened by a Sedition
+      of the Tailors. Nor did there want Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate
+      Alarmists, who asserted that the closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was
+      to blame. In this appalling crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was
+      indescribable: nay, perhaps through one humble individual, something
+      thereof might pass into the <i>Rath</i> (Council) itself, and so
+      contribute to the country's deliverance. The Tailors are now entirely
+      pacificated.&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss: yet still
+      comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics. For
+      example, when the <i>Saint-Simonian Society</i> transmitted its
+      Propositions hither, and the whole <i>Gans</i> was one vast cackle of
+      laughter, lamentation and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end
+      of the third evening said merely: 'Here also are men who have discovered,
+      not without amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high,
+      long-forgotten Truth you already see them make a false application.' Since
+      then, as has been ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there
+      passed at least one Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs
+      Bazard-Enfantin and our Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be
+      conjectured. On the fifth night following, he was seen for the last time!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+      convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or
+      did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them,
+      and confront them? Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to believe
+      the Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere long he
+      will himself give a sign. Otherwise, indeed, his archives must, one day,
+      be opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the <i>Palingenesie</i>
+      itself, is thought to be reposited."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+      Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced to
+      an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were only
+      beginning? We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has melted
+      into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other. May Time,
+      which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this also!
+      Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is that,
+      safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+      Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+      over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen. Well does he know, if
+      human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+      likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+      readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+      interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so much,
+      not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective. For which, as
+      for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers? To one and all
+      of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and open heart,
+      will wave a kind farewell. Thou too, miraculous Entity, who namest thyself
+      YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and genialities, with thy all
+      too Irish mirth and madness, and odor of palled punch, makest such strange
+      work, farewell; long as thou canst, <i>fare-well</i>! Have we not, in the
+      course of Eternity, travelled some months of our Life-journey in partial
+      sight of one another; have we not existed together, though in a state of
+      quarrel?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a id="link2H_APPE">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br ><br ><br ><br >
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      APPENDIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+      solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental,
+      could not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;&mdash;and
+      had at last to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit
+      by bit, in some courageous <i>Magazine</i> that offered. Whereby now, to
+      certain idly curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the
+      insignificant but at last irritating question, What its real history and
+      chronology are, is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American had
+      now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the title, "<i>Testimonies
+      of Authors</i>," some straggle of real documents, which, now that I find
+      it again, sets the matter into clear light and sequence:&mdash;and shall
+      here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and nugatory guessings from the
+      path of every reader, be reprinted as it stood. (<i>Author's Note, of</i>
+      1868.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS. I. HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Taster to Bookseller</i>.&mdash;"The Author of <i>Teufelsdrockh</i> is
+      a person of talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of
+      thought and expression, considerable fancy and knowledge: but whether or
+      not it would take with the public seems doubtful. For a <i>jeu d'esprit</i>
+      of that kind it is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or
+      article than as a volume. The Author has no great tact; his wit is
+      frequently heavy; and reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping
+      on tables and answered that he was learning to be lively. <i>Is</i> the
+      work a translation?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Bookseller to Editor</i>.&mdash;"Allow me to say that such a writer
+      requires only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able
+      work. Directly on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a
+      gentleman in the highest class of men of letters, and an accomplished
+      German scholar: I now enclose you his opinion, which, you may rely upon
+      it, is a just one; and I have too high an opinion of your good sense to"
+      &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;<i>Ms. (penes nos), London, 17th September</i>,
+      1831.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      II. CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Fraser's Magazine</i> exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the"
+      &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Sartor Resartus</i> is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+      nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by thought
+      and striking poetic vigor. But what does the writer mean by 'Baphometic
+      fire-baptism'? Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and write so as to
+      make himself generally intelligible? We quote by way of curiosity a
+      sentence from the <i>Sartor Resartus</i>; which may be read either
+      backwards or forwards, for it is equally intelligible either way: indeed,
+      by beginning at the tail, and so working up to the head, we think the
+      reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its meaning: 'The
+      fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven, here feels its own
+      freedom; which feeling is its Baphometic baptism: the citadel of its whole
+      kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable;
+      outwards from which the remaining dominions, not indeed without hard
+      battering, will doubtless by degrees be conquered and pacificated.' Here
+      is a"...&mdash;<i>Sun Newspaper, 1st April</i>, 1834.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      III. NORTH&mdash;AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no
+      such persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever
+      existed; that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions and
+      multifarious contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the 'present
+      Editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the Philosophy of
+      Clothes; and that the <i>Sartor Resartus</i> is the only treatise that has
+      yet appeared upon that subject;&mdash;in short, that the whole account of
+      the origin of the work before us, which the supposed Editor relates with
+      so much gravity, and of which we have given a brief abstract, is, in plain
+      English, a <i>hum</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+      entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all
+      other information on the subject, except what is contained in the work, is
+      itself a fact of a most significant character. The whole German press, as
+      well as the particular one where the work purports to have been printed,
+      seems to be under the control of <i>Stillschweigen and Co. </i>&mdash;Silence
+      and Company. If the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are making so great
+      a sensation throughout Germany as is pretended, how happens it that the
+      only notice we have of the fact is contained in a few numbers of a monthly
+      Magazine published at London! How happens it that no intelligence about
+      the matter has come out directly to this country? We pique ourselves here
+      in New England upon knowing at least as much of what is going on in the
+      literary way in the old Dutch Mother-land as our brethren of the
+      fast-anchored Isle; but thus far we have no tidings whatever of the
+      'extensive close-printed, close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject
+      of this pretended commentary. Again, we would respectfully inquire of the
+      'present Editor' upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for
+      the city of <i>Weissnichtwo</i>&mdash;'Know-not-where'&mdash;at which
+      place the work is supposed to have been printed, and the Author to have
+      resided. It has been our fortune to visit several portions of the German
+      territory, and to examine pretty carefully, at different times and for
+      various purposes, maps of the whole; but we have no recollection of any
+      such place. We suspect that the city of <i>Know-not-where</i> might be
+      called, with at least as much propriety, <i>Nobody-knows-where</i>, and is
+      to be found in the kingdom of <i>Nowhere</i>. Again, the village of <i>Entepfuhl</i>&mdash;'Duck-pond'&mdash;where
+      the supposed Author of the work is said to have passed his youth, and that
+      of <i>Hinterschlag</i>, where he had his education, are equally foreign to
+      our geography. Duck-ponds enough there undoubtedly are in almost every
+      village in Germany, as the traveller in that country knows too well to his
+      cost, but any particular village denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether
+      <i>terra incognita</i>. The names of the personages are not less singular
+      than those of the places. Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking
+      together of such a pair of appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh? The
+      supposed bearer of this strange title is represented as admitting, in his
+      pretended autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all
+      the Heralds' books in and without the German empire, and through all
+      manner of Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,'
+      but had nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as
+      appended to his own person.' We can readily believe this, and we doubt
+      very much whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a son to
+      carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title. That of Counsellor
+      Heuschrecke&mdash;'Grasshopper'&mdash;though not offensive, looks much
+      more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.' The
+      same may be said of <i>Blumine</i>&mdash;'Flower-Goddess'&mdash;the
+      heroine of the fable; and so of the rest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the whole
+      story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of
+      Nobody-knows-where, a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor
+      Grasshopper, a Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as much
+      foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of Sir John
+      Herschel's discoveries in the moon. Fictions of this kind are, however,
+      not uncommon, and ought not, perhaps, to be condemned with too much
+      severity; but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence in
+      regard to the attempt, which seems to be made to mislead the public as to
+      the substance of the work before us, and its pretended German original.
+      Both purport, as we have seen, to be upon the subject of Clothes, or
+      dress. <i>Clothes, their Origin and Influence</i>, is the title of the
+      supposed German treatise of Professor Teufelsdrockh and the rather odd
+      name of <i>Sartor Resartus</i>&mdash;the Tailor Patched&mdash;which the
+      present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary, seems to look the
+      same way. But though there is a good deal of remark throughout the work in
+      a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it seems to be in reality a
+      treatise upon the great science of Things in General, which Teufelsdrockh,
+      is supposed to have professed at the university of Nobody-knows-where.
+      Now, without intending to adopt a too rigid standard of morals, we own
+      that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to the public a treatise
+      on Things in General, under the name and in the form of an Essay on Dress.
+      For ourselves, advanced as we unfortunately are in the journey of life,
+      far beyond the period when dress is practically a matter of interest, we
+      have no hesitation in saying, that the real subject of the work is to us
+      more attractive than the ostensible one. But this is probably not the case
+      with the mass of readers. To the younger portion of the community, which
+      constitutes everywhere the very great majority, the subject of dress is
+      one of intense and paramount importance. An author who treats it appeals,
+      like the poet, to the young men end maddens&mdash;<i>virginibus puerisque</i>&mdash;and
+      calls upon them, by all the motives which habitually operate most strongly
+      upon their feelings, to buy his book. When, after opening their purses for
+      this purpose, they have carried home the work in triumph, expecting to
+      find in it some particular instruction in regard to the tying of their
+      neckcloths, or the cut of their corsets, and meet with nothing better than
+      a dissertation on Things in General, they will&mdash;to use the mildest
+      term&mdash;not be in very good humor. If the last improvements in
+      legislation, which we have made in this country, should have found their
+      way to England, the author, we think, would stand some chance of being <i>Lynched</i>.
+      Whether his object in this piece of <i>supercherie</i> be merely pecuniary
+      profit, or whether he takes a malicious pleasure in quizzing the Dandies,
+      we shall not undertake to say. In the latter part of the work, he devotes
+      a separate chapter to this class of persons, from the tenor of which we
+      should be disposed to conclude, that he would consider any mode of
+      divesting them of their property very much in the nature of a spoiling of
+      the Egyptians.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+      purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style,
+      which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of
+      richness, vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression,
+      but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the German
+      language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a
+      great familiarity with German literature; and we cannot, therefore, look
+      upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evidence
+      of an opposite character."&mdash;<i>North-American Review, No. 89, October</i>,
+      1835.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      IV. NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons,
+      to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets [*] in
+      which they first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in
+      themselves the assurance of a longer date.
+    </p>
+<pre>
+     * <i>Fraser's</i> (London) <i>Magazine</i>, 1833-34.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      "The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a sudden
+      and general popularity. They will not undertake, as there is no need, to
+      justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to dress his
+      thoughts, or the German idioms with which he has sportively sprinkled his
+      pages. It is his humor to advance the gravest speculations upon the
+      gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style. If his masquerade offend
+      any of his audience, to that degree that they will not hear what he has to
+      say, it may chance to draw others to listen to his wisdom; and what work
+      of imagination can hope to please all! But we will venture to remark that
+      the distaste excited by these peculiarities in some readers is greatest at
+      first, and is soon forgotten; and that the foreign dress and aspect of the
+      Work are quite superficial, and cover a genuine Saxon heart. We believe,
+      no book has been published for many years, written in a more sincere style
+      of idiomatic English, or which discovers an equal mastery over all the
+      riches of the language. The Author makes ample amends for the occasional
+      eccentricity of his genius, not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor,
+      but by the wit and sense which never fail him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+      manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of the
+      Age&mdash;we had almost said, of the hour&mdash;in which we live;
+      exhibiting in the most just and novel light the present aspects of
+      Religion, Politics, Literature, Arts, and Social Life. Under all his
+      gayety the Writer has an earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into
+      the manifold wants and tendencies of human nature, which is very rare
+      among our popular authors. The philanthropy and the purity of moral
+      sentiment, which inspire the work, will find their way to the heart of
+      every lover of virtue."&mdash;<i>Preface to Sartor Resartus: Boston</i>,
+      1835, 1837.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br > <br >
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Transcriber's Note: All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the
+      printed text. Italicized phrases are delimited by <i>underscores</i>.
+      Footnotes (there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+      paragraphs referencing them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br ><br >
+    </p>
+  <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #1051 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1051)
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+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <title>
+      Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve">
+
+    body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify}
+    P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; }
+    H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; }
+    hr  { width: 50%; text-align: center;}
+    .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; }
+    blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
+    .mynote    {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;}
+    .toc       { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;}
+    .toc2      { margin-left: 20%;}
+    div.fig    { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; }
+    div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; }
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+    .figright  {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;}
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+               margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%;
+               text-align: right;}
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+
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+  <body>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sartor Resartus
+       The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+
+Author: Thomas Carlyle
+
+Release Date: August 5, 2008 [EBook #1051]
+Last Updated: November 30, 2012
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARTOR RESARTUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Ron Burkey, and David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      SARTOR RESARTUS:
+    </h1>
+    <h2>
+      The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      By Thomas Carlyle.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      1831
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <big><b>CONTENTS</b></big>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0001"> <b>BOOK I.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER VI. APRONS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER X. PURE REASON. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0013"> <b>BOOK II.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER I. GENESIS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER V. ROMANCE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0020"> CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0021"> CHAPTER X. PAUSE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0024"> <b>BOOK III.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0022"> CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0023"> CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0024"> CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0025"> CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0026"> CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0027"> CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0028"> CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0029"> CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0030"> CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0031"> CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0032"> CHAPTER XI. TAILORS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0033"> CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_APPE"> APPENDIX. </a>
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="link2H_4_0001" id="link2H_4_0001">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      BOOK I.
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch of
+      Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or less effect,
+      for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times especially, not
+      only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely than ever, but
+      innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled thereat, are also
+      glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest cranny or dog-hole
+      in Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,&mdash;it might strike the
+      reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or nothing of a
+      fundamental character, whether in the way of Philosophy or History, has
+      been written on the subject of Clothes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect: Lagrange, it is well
+      known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+      forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not
+      have been made on any other scheme. Whereby, at least, our nautical
+      Logbooks can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown
+      more commodious. Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough: what with the
+      labors of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their
+      disciples, it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the
+      Creation of a World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a
+      dumpling; concerning which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom the
+      question, <i>How the apples were got in</i>, presented difficulties. Why
+      mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of
+      Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring? Then, have we not a Doctrine of
+      Rent, a Theory of Value; Philosophies of Language, of History, of Pottery,
+      of Apparitions, of Intoxicating Liquors? Man's whole life and environment
+      have been laid open and elucidated; scarcely a fragment or fibre of his
+      Soul, Body, and Possessions, but has been probed, dissected, distilled,
+      desiccated, and scientifically decomposed: our spiritual Faculties, of
+      which it appears there are not a few, have their Stewarts, Cousins, Royer
+      Collards: every cellular, vascular, muscular Tissue glories in its
+      Lawrences, Majendies, Bichats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand Tissue
+      of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite overlooked by
+      Science,&mdash;the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or other cloth;
+      which Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall; wherein his
+      whole other Tissues are included and screened, his whole Faculties work,
+      his whole Self lives, moves, and has its being? For if, now and then, some
+      straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's glance into this
+      obscure region, the most have soared over it altogether heedless;
+      regarding Clothes as a property, not an accident, as quite natural and
+      spontaneous, like the leaves of trees, like the plumage of birds. In all
+      speculations they have tacitly figured man as <i>a Clothed Animal</i>;
+      whereas he is by nature a <i>Naked Animal</i>; and only in certain
+      circumstances, by purpose and device, masks himself in Clothes.
+      Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before and after: the more
+      surprising that we do not look round a little, and see what is passing
+      under our very eyes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+      deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid. It is, after all, a blessing that,
+      in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where abstract
+      Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy of Catholic
+      Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris, deafen every
+      French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful on his
+      scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude here and
+      elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast of
+      cow-horn, emit his <i>Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen</i>; in
+      other words, tell the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what
+      o'clock it really is. Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for an
+      unprofitable diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where
+      nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking
+      the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen whereby
+      a man himself grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into regions
+      of bilberries and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last in remote
+      peat-bogs. Of that unwise science, which, as our Humorist expresses it,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+      vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said. In
+      so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+      consequence. Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe has
+      tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+      rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited, into rare
+      valleys. Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only finger-posts and
+      turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers, for the mind of man?
+      It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be
+      increased." Surely the plain rule is, Let each considerate person have his
+      way, and see what it will lead to. For not this man and that man, but all
+      men make up mankind, and their united tasks the task of mankind. How often
+      have we seen some such adventurous, and perhaps much-censured wanderer
+      light on some out-lying, neglected, yet vitally momentous province; the
+      hidden treasures of which he first discovered, and kept proclaiming till
+      the general eye and effort were directed thither, and the conquest was
+      completed;&mdash;thereby, in these his seemingly so aimless rambles,
+      planting new standards, founding new habitable colonies, in the
+      immeasurable circumambient realm of Nothingness and Night! Wise man was he
+      who counselled that Speculation should have free course, and look
+      fearlessly towards all the thirty-two points of the compass, whithersoever
+      and howsoever it listed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+      especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how our
+      mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a political
+      or other immediately practical tendency on all English culture and
+      endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,&mdash;that this, not
+      Philosophy of Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such
+      Philosophy, stands here for the first time published in our language. What
+      English intellect could have chosen such a topic, or by chance stumbled on
+      it? But for that same unshackled, and even sequestered condition of the
+      German Learned, which permits and induces them to fish in all manner of
+      waters, with all manner of nets, it seems probable enough, this abtruse
+      Inquiry might, in spite of the results it leads to, have continued dormant
+      for indefinite periods. The Editor of these sheets, though otherwise
+      boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative habits, and perhaps
+      discursive enough, is free to confess, that never, till these last months,
+      did the above very plain considerations, on our total want of a Philosophy
+      of Clothes, occur to him; and then, by quite foreign suggestion. By the
+      arrival, namely, of a new Book from Professor Teufelsdrockh of
+      Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of this subject, and in a style which,
+      whether understood or not, could not even by the blindest be overlooked.
+      In the present Editor's way of thought, this remarkable Treatise, with its
+      Doctrines, whether as judicially acceded to, or judicially denied, has not
+      remained without effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken</i> (Clothes, their Origin and
+      Influence): <i>von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc. Stillschweigen und
+      Cognie. Weissnichtwo</i>, 1831.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here," says the <i>Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger</i>, "comes a Volume of
+      that extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken
+      with pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo. Issuing
+      from the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company, with
+      every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as to set
+      Neglect at defiance.... A work," concludes the well-nigh enthusiastic
+      Reviewer, "interesting alike to the antiquary, the historian, and the
+      philosophic thinker; a masterpiece of boldness, lynx-eyed acuteness, and
+      rugged independent Germanism and Philanthropy (<i>derber Kerndeutschheit
+      und Menschenliebe</i>); which will not, assuredly, pass current without
+      opposition in high places; but must and will exalt the almost new name of
+      Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy, in our German Temple of
+      Honor."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the first
+      blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither a
+      Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which
+      modesty forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated wish
+      or hope of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding phrase:
+      <i>Mochte es</i> (this remarkable Treatise) <i>auch im Brittischen Boden
+      gedeihen</i>!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+      Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then
+      might the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with chalk
+      in the Editor's calendar. It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of
+      boundless, almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm
+      nor clear, if you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to
+      his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true
+      orients.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate inspection,
+      it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of Philosophy, leading to
+      as yet undescried ulterior results, was disclosed; farther, what seemed
+      scarcely less interesting, a quite new human Individuality, an almost
+      unexampled personal character, that, namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh
+      the Discloser. Of both which novelties, as far as might be possible, we
+      resolved to master the significance. But as man is emphatically a
+      proselytizing creature, no sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted,
+      than the new question arose: How might this acquired good be imparted to
+      others, perhaps in equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of
+      Clothes, and the Author of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any
+      measure, to the business and bosoms of our own English Nation? For if
+      new-got gold is said to burn the pockets till it be cast forth into
+      circulation, much more may new truth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, difficulties occurred. The first thought naturally was to
+      publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+      circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with, or
+      by money or love procure access to. But, on the other hand, was it not
+      clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of, might
+      endanger the circulation of any Journal extant? If, indeed, all
+      party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory, and
+      Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the Nation
+      could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of Clothes
+      poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had seemed
+      possible. But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except <i>Fraser's
+      Magazine</i>? A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking) with the
+      maddest Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and destructively,
+      wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits; nay, in any case,
+      understood to be, of late years, a vehicle full to overflowing, and
+      inexorably shut! Besides, to state the Philosophy of Clothes without the
+      Philosopher, the ideas of Teufelsdrockh without something of his
+      personality, was it not to insure both of entire misapprehension? Now for
+      Biography, had it been otherwise admissible, there were no adequate
+      documents, no hope of obtaining such, but rather, owing to circumstances,
+      a special despair. Thus did the Editor see himself, for the while, shut
+      out from all public utterance of these extraordinary Doctrines, and
+      constrained to revolve them, not without disquietude, in the dark depths
+      of his own mind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read and
+      again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+      personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+      that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby the
+      old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,&mdash;when
+      altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke,
+      our Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom we
+      had not previously corresponded. The Hofrath, after much quite extraneous
+      matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and attention" which the
+      Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own German Republic of Letters;
+      on the deep significance and tendency of his Friend's Volume; and then, at
+      length, with great circumlocution, hinted at the practicability of
+      conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to England, and through
+      England to the distant West:" a work on Professor Teufelsdrockh "were
+      undoubtedly welcome to the <i>Family</i>, the <i>National</i>, or any
+      other of those patriotic <i>Libraries</i>, at present the glory of British
+      Literature;" might work revolutions in Thought; and so forth;&mdash;in
+      conclusion, intimating not obscurely, that should the present Editor feel
+      disposed to undertake a Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he, Hofrath
+      Heuschrecke, had it in his power to furnish the requisite Documents.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would
+      not crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+      introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the whole
+      is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+      Heuschrecke's. Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+      united itself with like in definite arrangement: and soon either in actual
+      vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of the whole
+      Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass. Cautiously
+      yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application to the famed
+      redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made: an interview, interviews with that
+      singular man have taken place; with more of assurance on our side, with
+      less of satire (at least of open satire) on his, than we anticipated; for
+      the rest, with such issue as is now visible. As to those same "patriotic
+      <i>Libraries</i>," the Hofrath's counsel could only be viewed with silent
+      amazement; but with his offer of Documents we joyfully and almost
+      instantaneously closed. Thus, too, in the sure expectation of these, we
+      already see our task begun; and this our <i>Sartor Resartus</i>, which is
+      properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+      vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more. Let the British
+      reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented
+      him, and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he is
+      possessed of. Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared from the
+      mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and directed
+      rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book. Who or what such
+      Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even insignificant: [*] it is
+      a voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of Clothes; undoubtedly a
+      Spirit addressing Spirits: whoso hath ears, let him hear.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask,
+     or muffler; and, we have reason to think, under a feigned
+     name!&mdash;O. Y.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning: namely,
+      that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to the
+      Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according to
+      ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such defence
+      that he engaged in this undertaking. To stem, or if that be impossible,
+      profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a Volume as
+      Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable pile, or
+      floodgate, in the logical wear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+      ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+      pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate. Powerless, we
+      venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves. Grateful
+      they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair mementos of
+      bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods, when, lapped in
+      the symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence, though with baser
+      accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that feast of reason, never
+      since vouchsafed him in so full measure! But what then? <i>Amicus Plato,
+      magis amica veritas</i>; Teufelsdrockh is our friend, Truth is our
+      divinity. In our historical and critical capacity, we hope we are
+      strangers to all the world; have feud or favor with no one,&mdash;save
+      indeed the Devil, with whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we
+      do at all times wage internecine war. This assurance, at an epoch when
+      puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of
+      mankind, and even English Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must write on
+      their door-lintels <i>No cheating here</i>,&mdash;we thought it good to
+      premise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+      Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the rest
+      of the world. For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+      unexpected. Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+      with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life: a man
+      devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+      published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+      whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend,
+      as he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that
+      cannot but exasperate and divide. Not, that we can remember, was the
+      Philosophy of Clothes once touched upon between us. If through the high,
+      silent, meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected any
+      practical tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a
+      certain prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism; as
+      indeed some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was now
+      and then suspected; though his special contributions to the <i>Isis</i>
+      could never be more than surmised at. But, at all events, nothing Moral,
+      still less anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which indeed,
+      with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever remembered. Lifting
+      his huge tumbler of <i>Gukguk</i>, [*] and for a moment lowering his
+      tobacco-pipe, he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was <i>Zur Grunen Gans</i>,
+      the largest in Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity, and nearly all the
+      Intellect of the place assembled of an evening); and there, with low,
+      soul-stirring tone, and the look truly of an angel, though whether of a
+      white or of a black one might be dubious, proposed this toast: <i>Die
+      Sache der Armen in Gottes und Teufels Namen</i> (The Cause of the Poor, in
+      Heaven's name and&mdash;'s)! One full shout, breaking the leaden silence;
+      then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers, again followed by universal
+      cheering, returned him loud acclaim. It was the finale of the night:
+      resuming their pipes; in the highest enthusiasm, amid volumes of
+      tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt without and within, the assembly
+      broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow. <i>Bleibt doch ein echter Spass</i>-
+      <i>und Galgen-vogel</i>, said several; meaning thereby that, one day, he
+      would probably be hanged for his democratic sentiments. <i>Wo steckt doch
+      der Schalk</i>? added they, looking round: but Teufelsdrockh had retired
+      by private alleys, and the Compiler of these pages beheld him no more.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher, such
+      estimate to form of his purposes and powers. And yet, thou brave
+      Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee? Under those thick locks
+      of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face we ever
+      in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain. In thy eyes too, deep
+      under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy, have we not
+      noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and half fancied
+      that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion, the <i>sleep</i>
+      of a spinning-top? Thy little figure, there as, in loose ill-brushed
+      threadbare habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and lumber, whole days,
+      to "think and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty heart. The secrets of
+      man's Life were laid open to thee; thou sawest into the mystery of the
+      Universe, farther than another; thou hadst <i>in petto</i> thy remarkable
+      Volume on Clothes. Nay, was there not in that clear logically founded
+      Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy meek, silent, deep-seated
+      Sansculottism, combined with a true princely Courtesy of inward nature,
+      the visible rudiments of such speculation? But great men are too often
+      unknown, or what is worse, misknown. Already, when we dreamed not of it,
+      the warp of thy remarkable Volume lay on the loom; and silently,
+      mysterious shuttles were putting in the woof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this case,
+      may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is happily not
+      our concern, but his. To us it appeared, after repeated trial, that in
+      Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the best-informed classes,
+      no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered; not so much as a false
+      one. He was a stranger there, wafted thither by what is called the course
+      of circumstances; concerning whose parentage, birthplace, prospects, or
+      pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries, but satisfied herself with
+      the most indistinct replies. For himself, he was a man so still and
+      altogether unparticipating, that to question him even afar off on such
+      particulars was a thing of more than usual delicacy: besides, in his sly
+      way, he had ever some quaint turn, not without its satirical edge,
+      wherewith to divert such intrusions, and deter you from the like. Wits
+      spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of Melchizedek, without father
+      or mother of any kind; sometimes, with reference to his great historic and
+      statistic knowledge, and the vivid way he had of expressing himself like
+      an eye-witness of distant transactions and scenes, they called him the <i>Ewige
+      Jude</i>, Everlasting, or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+      Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction; but no
+      more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their daily <i>Allgemeine
+      Zeitung</i>, or the domestic habits of the Sun. Both were there and
+      welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought no more of
+      the matter. The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his little
+      circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent in
+      German Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them alive,
+      and feel certain enough that they must have a History, no History seems to
+      be discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and
+      antediluvian ruins: That they have been created by unknown agencies, are
+      in a state of gradual decay, and for the present reflect light and resist
+      pressure; that is, are visible and tangible objects in this phantasm
+      world, where so much other mystery is.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, <i>Professor der
+      Allerley-Wissenschaft</i>, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+      Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never been
+      incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition. To all
+      appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding their
+      New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like ours," as
+      the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are, rapidly or
+      slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of this kind had
+      been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task of bodying
+      somewhat forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly,
+      facilitated." That actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes for
+      the "Science of Things in General," they doubtless considered premature;
+      on which ground too they had only established the Professorship, nowise
+      endowed it; so that Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by the highest Names," had
+      been promoted thereby to a Name merely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this new
+      Professorship: how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want of the
+      Age (<i>Zeitbedurfniss</i>); how at length, instead of Denial and
+      Destruction, we were to have a science of Affirmation and Reconstruction;
+      and Germany and Weissnichtwo were where they should be, in the vanguard of
+      the world. Considerable also was the wonder at the new Professor, dropt
+      opportunely enough into the nascent University; so able to lecture, should
+      occasion call; so ready to hold his peace for indefinite periods, should
+      an enlightened Government consider that occasion did not call. But such
+      admiration and such wonder, being followed by no act to keep them living,
+      could last only nine days; and, long before our visit to that scene, had
+      quite died away. The more cunning heads thought it was all an expiring
+      clutch at popularity, on the part of a Minister, whom domestic
+      embarrassments, court intrigues, old age, and dropsy soon afterwards
+      finally drove from the helm.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the <i>Grune
+      Gans</i>, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him. Here, over
+      his tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes contemplatively
+      looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without other visible
+      employment: always, from his mild ways, an agreeable phenomenon there;
+      more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on which occasions the
+      whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence, as if sure to hear
+      something noteworthy. Nay, perhaps to hear a whole series and river of the
+      most memorable utterances; such as, when once thawed, he would for hours
+      indulge in, with fit audience: and the more memorable, as issuing from a
+      head apparently not more interested in them, not more conscious of them,
+      than is the sculptured stone head of some public fountain, which through
+      its brass mouth-tube emits water to the worthy and the unworthy; careless
+      whether it be for cooking victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed,
+      maintains the same earnest assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+      however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+      most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+      scrutinize him with due power of vision! We enjoyed, what not three men
+      Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the Professor's
+      private domicile. It was the attic floor of the highest house in the
+      Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle of Weissnichtwo, for it
+      rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs, themselves rising from elevated
+      ground. Moreover, with its windows it looked towards all the four <i>Orte</i>
+      or as the Scotch say, and we ought to say, <i>Airts</i>: the sitting room
+      itself commanded three; another came to view in the <i>Schlafgemach</i>
+      (bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing of the kitchen, which
+      offered two, as it were, <i>duplicates</i>, showing nothing new. So that
+      it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom,
+      sitting at ease he might see the whole life-circulation of that
+      considerable City; the streets and lanes of which, with all their doing
+      and driving (<i>Thun und Treiben</i>), were for the most part visible
+      there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him say,
+      "and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing, and
+      choking by sulphur. From the Palace esplanade, where music plays while
+      Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the low lane,
+      where in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin livelihood sits
+      to feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except Schlosskirche
+      weather-cock, no biped stands so high. Couriers arrive bestrapped and
+      bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches of leather: there,
+      top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the country Baron and his
+      household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier hops painfully along,
+      begging alms: a thousand carriages, and wains, cars, come tumbling in with
+      Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw Produce, inanimate or animate,
+      and go tumbling out again with produce manufactured. That living flood,
+      pouring through these streets, of all qualities and ages, knowest thou
+      whence it is coming, whither it is going? <i>Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der
+      Ewigkeit hin</i>: From Eternity, onwards to Eternity! These are
+      Apparitions: what else? Are they not Souls rendered visible: in Bodies,
+      that took shape and will lose it, melting into air? Their solid Pavement
+      is a Picture of the Sense; they walk on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time
+      is behind them and before them. Or fanciest thou, the red and yellow
+      Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs on its heels and feather in its crown,
+      is but of To-day, without a Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather
+      its Ancestor alive when Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island? Friend, thou
+      seest here a living link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all
+      Being: watch well, or it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Ach, mein Lieber</i>!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned
+      from the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to
+      dwell here. These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+      thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+      what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith
+      in their leash of sidereal fire? That stifled hum of Midnight, when
+      Traffic has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still
+      rolling here and there through distant streets, are bearing her to Halls
+      roofed in, and lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice and Misery,
+      to prowl or to moan like nightbirds, are abroad: that hum, I say, like the
+      stertorous, unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in Heaven! Oh, under
+      that hideous coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions, and unimaginable
+      gases, what a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid! The joyful and the
+      sorrowful are there; men are dying there, men are being born; men are
+      praying,&mdash;on the other side of a brick partition, men are cursing;
+      and around them all is the vast, void Night. The proud Grandee still
+      lingers in his perfumed saloons, or reposes within damask curtains;
+      Wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds, or shivers hunger-stricken into its
+      lair of straw: in obscure cellars, <i>Rouge-et-Noir</i> languidly emits
+      its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry Villains; while Councillors of
+      State sit plotting, and playing their high chess-game, whereof the pawns
+      are Men. The Lover whispers his mistress that the coach is ready; and she,
+      full of hope and fear, glides down, to fly with him over the borders: the
+      Thief, still more silently, sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks
+      in wait till the watchmen first snore in their boxes. Gay mansions, with
+      supper-rooms and dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and
+      high-swelling hearts; but, in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats
+      tremulous and faint, and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness,
+      which is around and within, for the light of a stern last morning. Six men
+      are to be hanged on the morrow: comes no hammering from the <i>Rabenstein</i>?&mdash;their
+      gallows must even now be o' building. Upwards of five hundred thousand
+      two-legged animals without feathers lie round us, in horizontal position;
+      their heads all in nightcaps, and full of the foolishest dreams. Riot
+      cries aloud, and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of shame; and the
+      Mother, with streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying infant, whose
+      cracked lips only her tears now moisten.&mdash;All these heaped and
+      huddled together, with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry between
+      them;&mdash;crammed in, like salted fish in their barrel;&mdash;or
+      weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers, each
+      struggling to get its <i>head above</i> the others: <i>such</i> work goes
+      on under that smoke-counterpane!&mdash;But I, <i>mein Werther</i>, sit
+      above it all; I am alone with the stars."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+      extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+      the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+      enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+      visible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were the Professor's talking seasons: most commonly he spoke in mere
+      monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the visitor had
+      liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer an occasional
+      grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself away. It was a
+      strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and miscellaneous
+      shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common element of
+      dust." Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered a sheet of
+      manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily thrown aside;
+      ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots, tobacco-boxes,
+      Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots. Old Lieschen (Lisekin, 'Liza),
+      who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer and wringer, cook,
+      errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the rest a very orderly
+      creature, had no sovereign authority in this last citadel of
+      Teufelsdrockh; only some once in the month she half-forcibly made her way
+      thither, with broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily saving his
+      manuscripts) effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery of such lumber
+      as was not Literary. These were her <i>Erdbeben</i> (earthquakes), which
+      Teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence; nevertheless, to such
+      length he had been forced to comply. Glad would he have been to sit here
+      philosophizing forever, or till the litter, by accumulation, drove him out
+      of doors: but Lieschen was his right-arm, and spoon, and necessary of
+      life, and would not be flatly gainsayed. We can still remember the ancient
+      woman; so silent that some thought her dumb; deaf also you would often
+      have supposed her; for Teufelsdrockh, and Teufelsdrockh only, would she
+      serve or give heed to; and with him she seemed to communicate chiefly by
+      signs; if it were not rather by some secret divination that she guessed
+      all his wants, and supplied them. Assiduous old dame! she scoured, and
+      sorted, and swept, in her kitchen, with the least possible violence to the
+      ear; yet all was tight and right there: hot and black came the coffee ever
+      at the due moment; and the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you,
+      from under her clean white coif with its lappets, through her clean
+      withered face and wrinkles, with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of
+      benevolence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither: the only one we
+      ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+      known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages. To us, at
+      that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+      crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+      distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+      "they never appear without their umbrella." Had we not known with what
+      "little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as elsewhere,
+      the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute train-bearers
+      to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing or unwilling
+      dupes,&mdash;it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke should be
+      named a <i>Rath</i>, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in Weissnichtwo.
+      What counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this particular Hofrath
+      give; in whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose thin visage, as it went
+      jerking to and fro, in minute incessant fluctuation,&mdash;you traced
+      rather confusion worse confounded; at most, Timidity and physical Cold?
+      Some indeed said withal, he was "the very Spirit of Love embodied:" blue
+      earnest eyes, full of sadness and kindness; purse ever open, and so forth;
+      the whole of which, we shall now hope, for many reasons, was not quite
+      groundless. Nevertheless friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed
+      handled the burin like few in these cases, was probably the best: <i>Er
+      hat Gemuth und Geist, hat wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne
+      Schicksals-Gunst; ist gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt</i>,
+      "He has heart and talent, at least has had such, yet without fit mode of
+      utterance, or favor of Fortune; and so is now half-cracked,
+      half-congealed."&mdash;What the Hofrath shall think of this when he sees
+      it, readers may wonder; we, safe in the stronghold of Historical Fidelity,
+      are careless.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh, which
+      indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke himself.
+      We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the fondness
+      of a Boswell for his Johnson. And perhaps with the like return; for
+      Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard, as
+      some half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved him
+      out of gratitude and by habit. On the other hand, it was curious to
+      observe with what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection,
+      our Hofrath, being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far more
+      practically influential of the two, looked and tended on his little Sage,
+      whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle. Let but Teufelsdrockh open
+      his mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into a free doorway,
+      besides his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing might be lost: and
+      then, at every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out his pursy chuckle of
+      a cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took some time to get in
+      motion, and seemed crank and slack), or else his twanging nasal, <i>Bravo!
+      Das glaub' ich</i>; in either case, by way of heartiest approval. In
+      short, if Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which, except perhaps in his
+      self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there was no symptom, then might
+      Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to whom no dough-pill he could
+      knead and publish was other than medicinal and sacred.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at the
+      time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and
+      meditate. Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often,
+      in solitude, outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable Inquirer
+      fought all his battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in all
+      probability, that he wrote this surprising Volume on <i>Clothes</i>.
+      Additional particulars: of his age, which was of that standing middle sort
+      you could only guess at; of his wide surtout; the color of his trousers,
+      fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat, and so forth, we might report,
+      but do not. The Wisest truly is, in these times, the Greatest; so that an
+      enlightened curiosity leaving Kings and such like to rest very much on
+      their own basis, turns more and more to the Philosophic Class:
+      nevertheless, what reader expects that, with all our writing and
+      reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him, till once the
+      Documents arrive? His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily Presence, are as yet
+      hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture. But, on the other
+      hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable Volume, much more
+      truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of Doubloons? To the soul
+      of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely, on the "Origin and
+      Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+      entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like the
+      very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of genius,
+      has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid its
+      effulgence,&mdash;a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+      double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and
+      prophesyings of the <i>Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger</i>, we admitted that
+      the Book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the
+      best effect of any book; that it had even operated changes in our way of
+      thought; nay, that it promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a new
+      mine-shaft, wherein the whole world of Speculation might henceforth dig to
+      unknown depths. More specially may it now be declared that Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's acquirements, patience of research, philosophic and even
+      poetic vigor, are here made indisputably manifest; and unhappily no less
+      his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold ineptitude; that, on the whole,
+      as in opening new mine-shafts is not unreasonable, there is much rubbish
+      in his Book, though likewise specimens of almost invaluable ore. A
+      paramount popularity in England we cannot promise him. Apart from the
+      choice of such a topic as Clothes, too often the manner of treating it
+      betokens in the Author a rusticity and academic seclusion, unblamable,
+      indeed inevitable in a German, but fatal to his success with our public.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+      forgotten what he saw. He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls many
+      things by their mere dictionary names. To him the Upholsterer is no
+      Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt and
+      overhung: "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses, and
+      ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that such
+      Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+      God-created Souls do for the time meet together." To Teufelsdrockh the
+      highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+      bracelets and Malines laces: in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+      less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+      Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag for <i>hooking-together</i>;
+      and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and hammered on a stithy before
+      smith's fingers." Thus does the Professor look in men's faces with a
+      strange impartiality, a strange scientific freedom; like a man unversed in
+      the higher circles, like a man dropped thither from the Moon. Rightly
+      considered, it is in this peculiarity, running through his whole system of
+      thought, that all these shortcomings, over-shootings, and multiform
+      perversities, take rise: if indeed they have not a second source, also
+      natural enough, in his Transcendental Philosophies, and humor of looking
+      at all Matter and Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his case were
+      but the more hopeless, the more lamentable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+      believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+      Work: nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+      as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+      passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+      waistcoat beats a heart,"&mdash;the force of that rapt earnestness may be
+      felt, and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through? In our wild
+      Seer, shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild honey,
+      there is an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious, strength,
+      which, except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare. Many a deep
+      glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast into mysterious
+      Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man. Wonderful it is with
+      what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder the confusion; sheers
+      down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre of the matter; and there
+      not only hits the nail on the head, but with crushing force smites it
+      home, and buries it.&mdash;On the other hand, let us be free to admit, he
+      is the most unequal writer breathing. Often after some such feat, he will
+      play truant for long pages, and go dawdling and dreaming, and mumbling and
+      maundering the merest commonplaces, as if he were asleep with eyes open,
+      which indeed he is.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most
+      known tongues, from <i>Sanchoniathon</i> to <i>Dr. Lingard</i>, from your
+      Oriental <i>Shasters</i>, and <i>Talmuds</i>, and <i>Korans</i>, with
+      Cassini's <i>Siamese fables</i>, and Laplace's <i>Mecanique Celeste</i>,
+      down to <i>Robinson Crusoe</i> and the <i>Belfast Town and Country
+      Almanack</i>, are familiar to him,&mdash;we shall say nothing: for
+      unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such universality of study
+      passes without wonder, as a thing commendable, indeed, but natural,
+      indispensable, and there of course. A man that devotes his life to
+      learning, shall he not be learned?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability,
+      marred too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+      intercourse with the higher classes. Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+      find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step forth
+      in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing amid
+      flame and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction,
+      picturesque allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns; all
+      the graces and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest
+      Intellect, alternate in beautiful vicissitude. Were it not that sheer
+      sleeping and soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches
+      even of pure doting jargon, so often intervene! On the whole, Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh, is not a cultivated writer. Of his sentences perhaps not
+      more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are in
+      quite angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and
+      dashes), and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a few
+      even sprawl out helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and
+      dismembered. Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in
+      him a singular attraction. A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of the
+      man, like its keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as into the
+      Song of Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now sinking in
+      cadences, not without melodious heartiness, though sometimes abrupt
+      enough, into the common pitch, when we hear it only as a monotonous hum;
+      of which hum the true character is extremely difficult to fix. Up to this
+      hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether it is a tone and hum
+      of real Humor, which we reckon among the very highest qualities of genius,
+      or some echo of mere Insanity and Inanity, which doubtless ranks below the
+      very lowest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do we
+      still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling. Gleams of an
+      ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity; he
+      could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it seems
+      as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph. Then again he is
+      so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such indifference,
+      malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and ever with some
+      half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if indeed it be not mere
+      stolid callousness,&mdash;that you look on him almost with a shudder, as
+      on some incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great terrestrial and
+      celestial Round, after all, were but some huge foolish Whirligig, where
+      kings and beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and street-sweepings,
+      were chaotically whirled, in which only children could take interest. His
+      look, as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever seen: yet it is not of
+      that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among our own Chancery suitors; but
+      rather the gravity as of some silent, high-encircled mountain-pool,
+      perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano; into whose black deeps you fear
+      to gaze: those eyes, those lights that sparkle in it, may indeed be
+      reflexes of the heavenly Stars, but perhaps also glances from the region
+      of Nether Fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature,
+      this of Teufelsdrockh! Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once
+      we saw him <i>laugh</i>; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time
+      in his life; but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the
+      Seven Sleepers! It was of Jean Paul's doing: some single billow in that
+      vast World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations, which
+      is now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death! The large-bodied Poet
+      and the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking miscellaneously
+      together, the present Editor being privileged to listen; and now Paul, in
+      his serious way, was giving one of those inimitable "Extra-Harangues;"
+      and, as it chanced, On the Proposal for a <i>Cast-metal King</i>:
+      gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a beaming,
+      mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a radiant
+      ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing of all
+      Tattersall's,&mdash;tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft, foot
+      clutched into the air,&mdash;loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable; a
+      laugh not of the face and diaphragm only, but of the whole man from head
+      to heel. The present Editor, who laughed indeed, yet with measure, began
+      to fear all was not right: however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and
+      sank into his old stillness; on his inscrutable countenance there was, if
+      anything, a slight look of shame; and Richter himself could not rouse him
+      again. Readers who have any tincture of Psychology know how much is to be
+      inferred from this; and that no man who has once heartily and wholly
+      laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad. How much lies in Laughter:
+      the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! Some men wear an
+      everlasting barren simper; in the smile of others lies a cold glitter as
+      of ice: the fewest are able to laugh, what can be called laughing, but
+      only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat outwards; or at best,
+      produce some whiffling husky cachinnation, as if they were laughing
+      through wool: of none such comes good. The man who cannot laugh is not
+      only fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils; but his whole life is
+      already a treason and a stratagem.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+      fault, doubtless his worst: an almost total want of arrangement. In this
+      remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+      produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward
+      method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little. Apart
+      from its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work naturally falls
+      into two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a Philosophical-Speculative:
+      but falls, unhappily, by no firm line of demarcation; in that labyrinthic
+      combination, each Part overlaps, and indents, and indeed runs quite
+      through the other. Many sections are of a debatable rubric, or even quite
+      nondescript and unnamable; whereby the Book not only loses in
+      accessibility, but too often distresses us like some mad banquet, wherein
+      all courses had been confounded, and fish and flesh, soup and solid,
+      oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French mustard, were hurled into
+      one huge tureen or trough, and the hungry Public invited to help itself.
+      To bring what order we can out of this Chaos shall be part of our
+      endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0005" id="link2HCH0005">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "As Montesquieu wrote a <i>Spirit of Laws</i>," observes our Professor,
+      "so could I write a <i>Spirit of Clothes</i>; thus, with an <i>Esprit des
+      Lois</i>, properly an <i>Esprit de Coutumes</i>, we should have an <i>Esprit
+      de Costumes</i>. For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man
+      proceed by mere Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious
+      operations of the mind. In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an
+      Architectural Idea will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are the
+      site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of a
+      Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded mantles,
+      based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid peaks,
+      spangles and bell-girdles; swell out in starched ruffs, buckram stuffings,
+      and monstrous tuberosities; or girth himself into separate sections, and
+      front the world an Agglomeration of four limbs,&mdash;will depend on the
+      nature of such Architectural Idea: whether Grecian, Gothic, Later Gothic,
+      or altogether Modern, and Parisian or Anglo-Dandiacal. Again, what meaning
+      lies in Color! From the soberest drab to the high-flaming scarlet,
+      spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold themselves in choice of Color: if the Cut
+      betoken Intellect and Talent, so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart.
+      In all which, among nations as among individuals, there is an incessant,
+      indubitable, though infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect: every
+      snip of the Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active
+      Influences, which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are
+      neither invisible nor illegible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of Clothes,
+      as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening entertainment:
+      nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such Philosophies have
+      always seemed to me uninstructive enough. Nay, what is your Montesquieu
+      himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a hieroglyphical
+      prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity, in Heaven?&mdash;Let
+      any Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear such and such a
+      Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am <i>here</i>, to wear
+      and obey anything!&mdash;Much, therefore, if not the whole, of that same
+      <i>Spirit of Clothes</i> I shall suppress, as hypothetical, ineffectual,
+      and even impertinent: naked Facts, and Deductions drawn therefrom in quite
+      another than that omniscient style, are my humbler and proper province."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+      contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least, the
+      boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon. Selection being
+      indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the most
+      cursory manner. This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by omnivorous
+      learning, and utmost patience and fairness: at the same time, in its
+      results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the Compilers
+      of some <i>Library</i> of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even Useless
+      Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages. Was it this Part
+      of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended us to that
+      joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of British
+      Literature"? If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it for their
+      own behoof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads us
+      into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+      cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+      ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval. Still less have we to do
+      with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he had
+      before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of
+      aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"&mdash;very needlessly, we think.
+      On this portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the <i>Adam-Kadmon</i>,
+      or Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation with the <i>Nifl</i>
+      and <i>Muspel</i> (Darkness and Light) of the antique North, it may be
+      enough to say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of Talmudic
+      and Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist in Britain
+      with something like astonishment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower
+      of Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable and
+      habilable globe. Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic, Scandinavian,
+      Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of every conceivable
+      kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as the Nurnbergers give
+      an <i>Orbis Pictus</i>) an <i>Orbis Vestitus</i>; or view of the costumes
+      of all mankind, in all countries, in all times. It is here that to the
+      Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say: Fall to! Here is
+      learning: an irregular Treasury, if you will; but inexhaustible as the
+      Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in twelve days, at the rate of
+      three journeys a day, could not carry off. Sheepskin cloaks and wampum
+      belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs; chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks,
+      Afghaun shawls, trunk-hose, leather breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though
+      breeches, as the name <i>Gallia Braccata</i> indicates, are the more
+      ancient), Hussar cloaks, Vandyke tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought
+      vividly before us,&mdash;even the Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten.
+      For most part, too, we must admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it
+      is, and tumbled down quite pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified
+      Learning, the drossy parts smelted out and thrown aside.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures of
+      human life. Of this sort the following has surprised us. The first purpose
+      of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or decency, but
+      ornament. "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition of the
+      Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of hair, which
+      with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him like a matted
+      cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick natural fell. He loitered
+      in the sunny glades of the forest, living on wild-fruits; or, as the
+      ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in morasses, lurking for his bestial
+      or human prey; without implements, without arms, save the ball of heavy
+      Flint, to which, that his sole possession and defence might not be lost,
+      he had attached a long cord of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well
+      as hurling it with deadly unerring skill. Nevertheless, the pains of
+      Hunger and Revenge once satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but
+      Decoration (<i>Putz</i>). Warmth he found in the toils of the chase; or
+      amid dried leaves, in his hollow tree, in his bark shed, or natural
+      grotto: but for Decoration he must have Clothes. Nay, among wild people,
+      we find tattooing and painting even prior to Clothes. The first spiritual
+      want of a barbarous man is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the
+      barbarous classes in civilized countries.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+      nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+      sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+      Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,&mdash;has descended,
+      like thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+      Anthropophagus! Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+      cometh forth sweetness. What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+      Time! For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+      continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality. Cast forth thy
+      Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe: it is a
+      seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will be found
+      flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a Hemlock-forest!) after
+      a thousand years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of <i>Movable
+      Types</i> was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and
+      Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented the
+      Art of Printing. The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and Charcoal
+      drove Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling: what will the last do?
+      Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under Thought, of Animal
+      courage under Spiritual. A simple invention it was in the old-world
+      Grazier,&mdash;sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country till he got
+      it bartered for corn or oil,&mdash;to take a piece of Leather, and thereon
+      scratch or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or <i>Pecus</i>); put it in his
+      pocket, and call it <i>Pecunia</i>, Money. Yet hereby did Barter grow
+      Sale, the Leather Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles have
+      been out-miracled: for there are Rothschilds and English National Debts;
+      and whoso has sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence) over all
+      men; commands cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him, kings to mount
+      guard over him,&mdash;to the length of sixpence.&mdash;Clothes too, which
+      began in foolishest love of Ornament, what have they not become! Increased
+      Security and pleasurable Heat soon followed: but what of these? Shame,
+      divine Shame (<i>Schaam</i>, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the
+      Anthropophagous bosom, arose there mysteriously under Clothes; a mystic
+      grove-encircled shrine for the Holy in man. Clothes gave us individuality,
+      distinctions, social polity; Clothes have made Men of us; they are
+      threatening to make Clothes-screens of us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a
+      Tool-using Animal (<i>Handthierendes Thier</i>). Weak in himself, and of
+      small stature, he stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of
+      some half-square foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs,
+      lest the very wind supplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are a
+      crushing load for him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like a
+      waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools: with these the
+      granite mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing iron,
+      as if it were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds and fire his
+      unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools; without Tools he
+      is nothing, with Tools he is all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+      remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of
+      all that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best? Man is called a
+      Laughing Animal: but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it; and
+      is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher? Teufelsdrockh
+      himself, as we said, laughed only once. Still less do we make of that
+      other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for rigorous
+      scientific purposes, is as good as useless. Can a Tartar be said to cook,
+      when he only readies his steak by riding on it? Again, what Cookery does
+      the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his whale-blubber, as a marmot, in
+      the like case, might do? Or how would Monsieur Ude prosper among those
+      Orinoco Indians who, according to Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the
+      branches of trees; and, for half the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay,
+      the whole country being under water? But, on the other hand, show us the
+      human being, of any period or climate, without his Tools: those very
+      Caledonians, as we saw, had their Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no
+      brute has or can have.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt way;
+      "of which truth Clothes are but one example: and surely if we consider the
+      interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man, and those
+      Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons, we shall note
+      what progress he has made. He digs up certain black stones from the bosom
+      of the earth, and says to them, <i>Transport me and this luggage at the
+      rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour</i>; and they do it: he collects,
+      apparently by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight miscellaneous individuals,
+      and says to them, <i>Make this nation toil for us, bleed for us, hunger
+      and, sorrow and sin for us</i>; and they do it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0006" id="link2HCH0006">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. APRONS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that on <i>Aprons</i>.
+      What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose Apron, now
+      indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which proved
+      successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what though John
+      Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she would catch
+      her husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie and be a
+      bishop;" what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other Apron
+      worthies,&mdash;figure here? An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes even a
+      tone of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too clearly
+      discernible. What, for example, are we to make of such sentences as the
+      following?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to
+      modesty, sometimes to roguery. From the thin slip of notched silk (as it
+      were, the emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some highest-bred
+      housewife, sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes, has gracefully
+      fastened on; to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him with thongs, wherein
+      the Builder builds, and at evening sticks his trowel; or to those jingling
+      sheet-iron Aprons, wherein your otherwise half-naked Vulcans hammer and
+      smelt in their smelt-furnace,&mdash;is there not range enough in the
+      fashion and uses of this Vestment? How much has been concealed, how much
+      has been defended in Aprons! Nay, rightly considered, what is your whole
+      Military and Police Establishment, charged at uncalculated millions, but a
+      huge scarlet-colored, iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily
+      enough); guarding itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this
+      Devil's-smithy (<i>Teufels-schmiede</i>) of a world? But of all Aprons the
+      most puzzling to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock. Wherein
+      consists the usefulness of this Apron? The Overseer (<i>Episcopus</i>) of
+      Souls, I notice, has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were
+      done: what does he shadow forth thereby?" &amp;c. &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as
+      we shall now quote?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as a
+      new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+      encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval: nor is it
+      without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having in
+      view to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in
+      England."&mdash;We who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed
+      have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for our
+      Literature, exuberant as it is.&mdash;Teufelsdrockh continues: "If such
+      supply of printed Paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways and
+      public thoroughfares, new means must of necessity be had recourse to. In a
+      world existing by Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a destroying
+      element, and not as a creating one. However, Heaven is omnipotent, and
+      will find us an outlet. In the mean while, is it not beautiful to see five
+      million quintals of Rags picked annually from the Laystall; and annually,
+      after being macerated, hot-pressed, printed on, and sold,&mdash;returned
+      thither; filling so many hungry mouths by the way? Thus is the Laystall,
+      especially with its Rags or Clothes-rubbish, the grand Electric Battery,
+      and Fountain-of-motion, from which and to which the Social Activities
+      (like vitreous and resinous Electricities) circulate, in larger or smaller
+      circles, through the mighty, billowy, storm-tost chaos of Life, which they
+      keep alive!"&mdash;Such passages fill us, who love the man, and partly
+      esteem him, with a very mixed feeling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Farther down we meet with this: "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+      and Clergy: henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write not
+      of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped Broad-sheet
+      Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as this or the other
+      Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the world's ear. Of the
+      British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important of all, and wonderful
+      enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a valuable descriptive
+      History already exists, in that language, under the title of <i>Satan's
+      Invisible World Displayed</i>; which, however, by search in all the
+      Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring (<i>vermochte
+      night aufzutreiben</i>)."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore. Thus does Teufelsdrockh,
+      wandering in regions where he had little business, confound the old
+      authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new, spurious, imaginary
+      Historian of the <i>Brittische Journalistik</i>; and so stumble on perhaps
+      the most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0007" id="link2HCH0007">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic, when he
+      reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the Seventeenth
+      Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume. It is here that the
+      Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest. Fantastic
+      garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed each other,
+      like monster devouring monster in a Dream. The whole too in brief
+      authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of genius which
+      makes even old raiment live. Indeed, so learned, precise, graphical, and
+      every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that it may be thrown
+      out as a pertinent question for parties concerned, Whether or not a good
+      English Translation thereof might henceforth be profitably incorporated
+      with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work <i>On Ancient Armor</i>? Take, by way of
+      example, the following sketch; as authority for which Paulinus's <i>Zeitkurzende
+      Lust</i> (ii. 678) is, with seeming confidence, referred to:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+      might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again, and
+      see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin. But
+      happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is not
+      needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like a
+      Tree, whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie
+      peaceably underground. Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see
+      and know, how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his
+      place quite filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the
+      very Byron, in some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a
+      foreigner to his Europe. Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in
+      Clothes, as in all other external things whatsoever, no fashion will
+      continue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts, complicated
+      chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and fighting gear
+      have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has acquired
+      somewhat of a sign-post character,&mdash;I shall here say nothing: the
+      civil and pacific classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough for us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Rich men, I find, have <i>Teusinke</i> [a perhaps untranslatable
+      article]; also a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a
+      man walks, it is with continual jingling. Some few, of musical turn, have
+      a whole chime of bells (<i>Glockenspiel</i>) fastened there; which,
+      especially in sudden whirls, and the other accidents of walking, has a
+      grateful effect. Observe too how fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch
+      intersections. The male world wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang
+      bobbing over the side (<i>schief</i>): their shoes are peaked in front,
+      also to the length of an ell, and laced on the side with tags; even the
+      wooden shoes have their ell-long noses: some also clap bells on the peak.
+      Further, according to my authority, the men have breeches without seat (<i>ohne
+      Gesass</i>): these they fasten peakwise to their shirts; and the long
+      round doublet must overlap them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and
+      before, so that back and breast are almost bare. Wives of quality, on the
+      other hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains
+      there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their silk-cloth
+      Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a handbreadth
+      thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long flood of silver
+      buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe, wherewith these
+      same welt-gowns are buttoned. The maidens have bound silver snoods about
+      their hair, with gold spangles, and pendent flames (<i>Flammen</i>), that
+      is, sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's head-gear who shall speak?
+      Neither in love of grace is comfort forgotten. In winter weather you
+      behold the whole fair creation (that can afford it) in long mantles, with
+      skirts wide below, and, for hem, not one but two sufficient hand-broad
+      welts; all ending atop in a thick well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches
+      broad: these are their Ruff-mantles (<i>Kragenmantel</i>).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+      doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+      together with batter (<i>mit Teig zusammengekleistert</i>), which create
+      protuberance enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the art
+      of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+      feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion of
+      any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call a real
+      love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes, or other
+      the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers so many, escape
+      him: more especially the mischances, or striking adventures, incident to
+      the wearers of such, are noticed with due fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's
+      fine mantle, which he spread in the mud under Queen Elizabeth's feet,
+      appears to provoke little enthusiasm in him; he merely asks, Whether at
+      that period the Maiden Queen "was red-painted on the nose, and
+      white-painted on the cheeks, as her tire-women, when from spleen and
+      wrinkles she would no longer look in any glass, were wont to serve her"?
+      We can answer that Sir Walter knew well what he was doing, and had the
+      Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment dyed in verdigris, would have done the
+      same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+      slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader parts
+      of the body, by introduction of Bran,&mdash;our Professor fails not to
+      comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a chair
+      with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his <i>devoir</i>
+      on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several pecks of dry
+      wheat-dust: and stood there diminished to a spindle, his galloons and
+      slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon the Professor
+      publishes this reflection:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By what strange chances do we live in History? Erostratus by a torch;
+      Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by his
+      limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+      bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+      turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,&mdash;for
+      no Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him. Vain was the prayer of
+      Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+      Destiny, and read since it is written."&mdash;Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put
+      in mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting,
+      stands that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+      alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry,
+      in the late Colombian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal, is
+      provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it circular): in
+      the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long; through this the
+      mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and so rides shielded
+      from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for he rolls it about
+      his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and draperied."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity, and
+      Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of our
+      subject.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0008" id="link2HCH0008">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+      discussing merely the <i>Werden</i> (Origin and successive Improvement) of
+      Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+      Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their <i>Wirken</i>, or
+      Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure of
+      his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+      commences: all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+      venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it
+      to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+      footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or mere
+      cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to expound
+      the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he undertakes
+      to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand Proposition,
+      that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned together, and
+      held up, by Clothes." He says in so many words, "Society is founded upon
+      Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude on Cloth, as on a
+      Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and unclean beasts in
+      the Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle, would sink to
+      endless depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either case be no more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation
+      this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical Corollaries
+      are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting.
+      Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of common school Logic,
+      where the truths all stand in a row, each holding by the skirts of the
+      other; but at best that of practical Reason' proceeding by large Intuition
+      over whole systematic groups and kingdoms; whereby, we might say, a noble
+      complexity, almost like that of Nature, reigns in his Philosophy, or
+      spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze, yet, as faith whispers, not
+      without a plan. Nay we complained above, that a certain ignoble
+      complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was also discernible. Often,
+      also, we have to exclaim: Would to Heaven those same Biographical
+      Documents were come! For it seems as if the demonstration lay much in the
+      Author's individuality; as if it were not Argument that had taught him,
+      but Experience. At present it is only in local glimpses, and by
+      significant fragments, picked often at wide-enough intervals from the
+      original Volume, and carefully collated, that we can hope to impart some
+      outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine. Readers of any intelligence are
+      once more invited to favor us with their most concentrated attention: let
+      these, after intense consideration, and not till then, pronounce, Whether
+      on the utmost verge of our actual horizon there is not a looming as of
+      Land; a promise of new Fortunate Islands, perhaps whole undiscovered
+      Americas, for such as have canvas to sail thither?&mdash;As exordium to
+      the whole, stand here the following long citation:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+      seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+      ask yourself that unanswerable question: Who am I; the thing that can say
+      'I' (<i>das Wesen das sich ICH nennt</i>)? The world, with its loud
+      trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+      and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all
+      the living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith
+      your Existence sits surrounded,&mdash;the sight reaches forth into the
+      void Deep, and you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with
+      it, as one mysterious Presence with another.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;&mdash;some
+      embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind? <i>Cogito, ergo sum</i>.
+      Alas, poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am;
+      and lately was not: but Whence? How? Whereto? The answer lies around,
+      written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+      wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature: but where
+      is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will yield
+      articulate meaning? We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+      Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century, lies
+      not even nearer the verge thereof: sounds and many-colored visions flit
+      round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream and
+      Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect not.
+      Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but the Sun
+      that made it lies behind us, hidden from us. Then, in that strange Dream,
+      how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances; and sleep deepest
+      while fancying ourselves most awake! Which of your Philosophical Systems
+      is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient, confidently given out,
+      where divisor and dividend are both unknown? What are all your national
+      Wars, with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary hate-filled Revolutions,
+      but the Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers? This Dreaming, this Somnambulism
+      is what we on Earth call Life; wherein the most indeed undoubtingly
+      wander, as if they knew right hand from left; yet they only are wise who
+      know that they know nothing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+      unproductive! The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's secret:
+      a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he suffers death,
+      the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and Categories, and
+      Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air-castles are cunningly built
+      of Words, the Words well bedded also in good Logic-mortar; wherein,
+      however, no Knowledge will come to lodge. <i>The whole is greater than the
+      part</i>: how exceedingly true! <i>Nature abhors a vacuum</i>: how
+      exceedingly false and calumnious! Again, <i>Nothing can act but where it
+      is</i>: with all my heart; only, WHERE is it? Be not the slave of Words:
+      is not the Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for it, and mourn
+      for it, Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor I stand on? But
+      that same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the first the
+      master-colors of our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas (the warp and
+      woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are painted.
+      Nevertheless, has not a deeper meditation taught certain of every climate
+      and age, that the WHERE and WHEN, so mysteriously inseparable from all our
+      thoughts, are but superficial terrestrial adhesions to thought; that the
+      Seer may discern them where they mount up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE
+      and FOREVER: have not all nations conceived their God as Omnipresent and
+      Eternal; as existing in a universal HERE, an everlasting Now? Think well,
+      thou too wilt find that Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so
+      likewise Time; there <i>is</i> no Space and no Time: WE are&mdash;we know
+      not what;&mdash;light-sparkles floating in the ether of Deity!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image,
+      our ME the only reality: and Nature, with its thousand-fold production and
+      destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy of our
+      Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in <i>Faust</i> names it, <i>the living
+      visible Garment of God</i>:&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of the
+      <i>Erdgeist</i>, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the
+      meaning thereof?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+      speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes. Strange
+      enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+      Tailored. The Horse I ride has his own whole fell: strip him of the girths
+      and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the noble
+      creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his own
+      boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the
+      valleys, with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein
+      warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also
+      have been considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color,
+      featly appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting. While I&mdash;good
+      Heaven!&mdash;have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of sheep,
+      the bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of oxen or seals,
+      the felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving Rag-screen, overheaped
+      with shreds and tatters raked from the Charnel-house of Nature, where they
+      would have rotted, to rot on me more slowly! Day after day, I must thatch
+      myself anew; day after day, this despicable thatch must lose some film of
+      its thickness; some film of it, frayed away by tear and wear, must be
+      brushed off into the Ashpit, into the Laystall; till by degrees the whole
+      has been brushed thither, and I, the dust-making, patent Rat-grinder, get
+      new material to grind down. O subter-brutish! vile! most vile! For have
+      not I too a compact all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier? Am I a botched
+      mass of tailors' and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated,
+      homogeneous little Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to
+      plainest facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live at
+      ease in the midst of Wonders and Terrors. But indeed man is, and was
+      always, a blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than to
+      think and consider. Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his absolute
+      lawgiver; mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose; thus let but
+      a Rising of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World happen <i>twice</i>,
+      and it ceases to be marvellous, to be noteworthy, or noticeable. Perhaps
+      not once in a lifetime does it occur to your ordinary biped, of any
+      country or generation, be he gold-mantled Prince or russet-jerkined
+      Peasant, that his Vestments and his Self are not one and indivisible; that
+      <i>he</i> is naked, without vestments, till he buy or steal such, and by
+      forethought sew and button them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and how,
+      reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and
+      demoralizes us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind;
+      almost as one feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season, you
+      see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped sacking),
+      in the meadows of Gouda. Nevertheless there is something great in the
+      moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages; and sees
+      indeed that he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked straddling animal
+      with bandy legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable Mystery of
+      Mysteries."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0009" id="link2HCH0009">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+      conclusion of the last Chapter. The Editor himself, on first glancing over
+      that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim: What, have we got not only
+      a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract? A new Adamite,
+      in this century, which flatters itself that it is the Nineteenth, and
+      destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+      and sexes derive from Clothes. For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+      pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling and
+      puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth into the
+      world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy blankets,
+      and bibs, and other nameless hulls? A terror to thyself and mankind! Or
+      hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst breeches, and thy
+      long clothes became short? The village where thou livedst was all apprised
+      of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed thy pudding-cheek, and
+      gave thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on that the first gala-day
+      of thy existence. Again, wert not thou, at one period of life, a Buck, or
+      Blood, or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy, or by whatever name,
+      according to year and place, such phenomenon is distinguished? In that one
+      word lie included mysterious volumes. Nay, now when the reign of folly is
+      over, or altered, and thy clothes are not for triumph but for defence,
+      hast thou always worn them perforce, and as a consequence of Man's Fall;
+      never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable House, a Body round thy Body,
+      wherein that strange THEE of thine sat snug, defying all variations of
+      Climate? Girt with thick double-milled kerseys; half buried under shawls
+      and broadbrims, and overalls and mudboots, thy very fingers cased in
+      doeskin and mittens, thou hast bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though
+      it were in wild winter, dashed through the world, glorying in it as if
+      thou wert its lord. In vain did the sleet beat round thy temples; it
+      lighted only on thy impenetrable, felted or woven, case of wool. In vain
+      did the winds howl,&mdash;forests sounding and creaking, deep calling unto
+      deep,&mdash;and the storms heap themselves together into one huge Arctic
+      whirlpool: thou flewest through the middle thereof, striking fire from the
+      highway; wild music hummed in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the
+      air;" the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds was thy element and
+      propitiously wafting tide. Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what
+      hadst thou been; what had thy fleet quadruped been?&mdash;Nature is good,
+      but she is not the best: here truly was the victory of Art over Nature. A
+      thunderbolt indeed might have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst
+      defy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+      said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+      indeed"? Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+      the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nowise, courteous reader! The Professor knows full well what he is saying;
+      and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong. If Clothes, in these
+      times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming value; can
+      they not be altered to serve better; must they of necessity be thrown to
+      the dogs? The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is no
+      Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go forth before this
+      degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do it, as those old
+      Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness. The utility of Clothes is
+      altogether apparent to him: nay perhaps he has an insight into their more
+      recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we might call the omnipotent
+      virtue of Clothes, such as was never before vouchsafed to any man. For
+      example:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the other
+      in coarse threadbare Blue: Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and anatomized;'
+      Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!) marches sorrowfully
+      to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his hour, and the surgeons
+      dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton for medical purposes. How
+      is this; or what make ye of your <i>Nothing can act but where it is</i>?
+      Red has no physical hold of Blue, no <i>clutch</i> of him, is nowise in <i>contact</i>
+      with him: neither are those ministering Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and
+      Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to commanding Red, that he can tug them
+      hither and thither; but each stands distinct within his own skin.
+      Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is it done: the articulated Word sets
+      all hands in Action; and Rope and Improved-drop perform their work.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold: First, that <i>Man is a
+      Spirit</i>, and bound by invisible bonds to <i>All Men</i>; secondly, that
+      <i>he wears Clothes</i>, which are the visible emblems of that fact. Has
+      not your Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a
+      plush-gown; whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?&mdash;Society,
+      which the more I think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon
+      Cloth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+      Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how the
+      ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke this is
+      presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and innumerable
+      Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are advancing
+      gallantly to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote privacy, to
+      form a clear picture of that solemnity,&mdash;on a sudden, as by some
+      enchanter's wand, the&mdash;shall I speak it?&mdash;the Clothes fly off
+      the whole dramatic corps; and Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed
+      Presence itself, every mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not a
+      shirt on them; and I know not whether to laugh or weep. This physical or
+      psychical infirmity, in which perhaps I am not singular, I have, after
+      hesitation, thought right to publish, for the solace of those afflicted
+      with the like."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret! Who
+      is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his
+      Morning Newspaper without a shudder? Hypochondriac men, and all men are to
+      a certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated. With what
+      readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows out
+      the consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes on to
+      draw:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+      the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate, in
+      very Deed, as here in Dream? <i>Ach Gott</i>! How each skulks into the
+      nearest hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (<i>Haupt- und
+      Staats-Action</i>) becomes a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the
+      worst kind of Farce; <i>the tables</i> (according to Horace), and with
+      them, the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and
+      Civilized Society, <i>are dissolved</i>, in wails and howls."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+      naked House of Lords? Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils on
+      itself, and will not forward with the picture. The Woolsack, the
+      Ministerial, the Opposition Benches&mdash;<i>infandum! infandum</i>! And
+      yet why is the thing impossible? Was not every soul, or rather every body,
+      of these Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a
+      forked Radish with a head fantastically carved"? And why might he not, did
+      our stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as into
+      bed, in that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes, hold a
+      Bed of Justice? "Solace of those afflicted with the like!" Unhappy
+      Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical infirmity"
+      before? And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled confession (which
+      we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on by Critical and
+      Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably infect therewith! Art
+      thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the maddest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh, "in
+      how far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to
+      benefit of clergy, and English trial by jury: nay perhaps, considering his
+      high function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and Sovereign
+      armed with the <i>terrors</i> of the Law?), to a certain royal Immunity
+      and Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class of persons
+      are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+      with a stick and red clout, to the market:' or if some drivers, as they do
+      in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle thereof
+      terrifies the boldest!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0010" id="link2HCH0010">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. PURE REASON.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is a
+      speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for
+      most part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which
+      we make so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and
+      "bladders with dried peas." To linger among such speculations, longer than
+      mere Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish. For our
+      purposes the simple fact that such a <i>Naked World</i> is possible, nay
+      actually exists (under the Clothed one), will be sufficient. Much,
+      therefore, we omit about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with Carmen,"
+      and the Kings being thrown: "dissect them with scalpels," says
+      Teufelsdrockh; "the same viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other
+      life-tackle, are there: examine their spiritual mechanism; the same great
+      Need, great Greed, and little Faculty; nay ten to one but the Carman, who
+      understands draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something of the laws
+      of unstable and stable equilibrium, with other branches of wagon-science,
+      and has actually put forth his hand and operated on Nature, is the more
+      cunningly gifted of the two. Whence, then, their so unspeakable
+      difference? From Clothes." Much also we shall omit about confusion of
+      Ranks, and Joan and My Lady, and how it would be everywhere "Hail fellow
+      well met," and Chaos were come again: all which to any one that has once
+      fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea, <i>Society in a state of
+      Nakedness</i>, will spontaneously suggest itself. Should some sceptical
+      individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without Clothes, the
+      smallest Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist, let him turn to
+      the original Volume, and view there the boundless Serbonian Bog of
+      Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential: over which we have
+      lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole nations might sink!
+      If indeed the following argument, in its brief riveting emphasis, be not
+      of itself incontrovertible and final:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo? Or how,
+      without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and true
+      pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a PURSE?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+      one knows not whether to hate or to love him. For though, in looking at
+      the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures,
+      he dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+      indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+      unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+      which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers,&mdash;there is
+      that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past and
+      present Sansculottists. The grand unparalleled peculiarity of
+      Teufelsdrockh is, that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a
+      Transcendentalism, no less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he
+      degrade man below most animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on
+      the other, exalts him beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality
+      with the Gods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man? An omnivorous Biped
+      that wears Breeches. To the eye of Pure Reason what is he? A Soul, a
+      Spirit, and divine Apparition. Round his mysterious ME, there lies, under
+      all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses), contextured in the
+      Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like, and dwells with them
+      in UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for himself a Universe, with
+      azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of Years. Deep-hidden is he under
+      that strange Garment; amid Sounds and Colors and Forms, as it were,
+      swathed in, and inextricably over-shrouded: yet it is sky-woven, and
+      worthy of a God. Stands he not thereby in the centre of Immensities, in
+      the conflux of Eternities? He feels; power has been given him to know, to
+      believe; nay does not the spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval
+      brightness, even here, though but for moments, look through? Well said
+      Saint Chrysostom, with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:' where
+      else is the GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our
+      hearts, as in our fellow-man?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+      Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+      forth, as it were, in full flood: and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+      of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment, we
+      seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;&mdash;though,
+      alas, the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from
+      view.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and
+      indeed, to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent. Nothing
+      that he sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:
+      thus, if in the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as well
+      as in the poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay,
+      Contemptibility; there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend Worth.
+      For Matter, were it never so despicable, is Spirit, the manifestation of
+      Spirit: were it never so honorable, can it be more? The thing Visible, nay
+      the thing Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as Visible, what is it
+      but a Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial Invisible,
+      "unimaginable formless, dark with excess of bright"? Under which point of
+      view the following passage, so strange in purport, so strange in phrase,
+      seems characteristic enough:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+      armed eyesight, till they become <i>transparent</i>. 'The Philosopher,'
+      says the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:' how
+      true! The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the
+      Lowest has mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in Arkwright
+      looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our
+      Imagination? Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love;
+      since all was created by God?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+      fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+      himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate, a
+      more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+      venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+      feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+      Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen of
+      so singular a Planet as ours. "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of Worship:
+      the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only at certain
+      stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a reign <i>in
+      partibus infidelium</i>." That progress of Science, which is to destroy
+      Wonder, and in its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration, finds
+      small favor with Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates these two
+      latter processes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted, or
+      even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's mind
+      become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere Tables
+      of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you call
+      Political Economy, are the Meal? And what is that Science, which the
+      scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's in the
+      Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute without
+      shadow of a heart,&mdash;but one other of the mechanical and menial
+      handicrafts, for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too
+      noble an organ? I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps
+      poisonous; at best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth;
+      does not live, like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading
+      harvests, bringing food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according to
+      ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with charitable
+      intent. Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and treble-pipe
+      Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these days, so
+      numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics' Institute of
+      Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings round their
+      Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as illuminated Sceptics,
+      walk abroad into peaceable society, in full daylight, with rattle and
+      lantern, and insist on guiding you and guarding you therewith, though the
+      Sun is shining, and the street populous with mere justice-loving men:"
+      that whole class is inexpressibly wearisome to him. Hear with what
+      uncommon animation he perorates:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and worship),
+      were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried the whole <i>Mecanique
+      Celeste</i> and <i>Hegel's Philosophy</i>, and the epitome of all
+      Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single head,&mdash;is
+      but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let those who have
+      Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world by
+      the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp of what
+      I call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or believe
+      nothing of it? Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes the
+      unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere under
+      our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle and
+      Temple, as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,&mdash;he shall be a
+      delirious Mystic; to him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively
+      proffer thy hand-lamp, and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his foot
+      through it?&mdash;<i>Armer Teufel</i>! Doth not thy cow calve, doth not
+      thy bull gender? Thou thyself, wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?
+      'Explain' me all this, or do one of two things: Retire into private places
+      with thy foolish cackle; or, what were better, give it up, and weep, not
+      that the reign of wonder is done, and God's world all disembellished and
+      prosaic, but that thou hitherto art a Dilettante and sand-blind Pedant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0011" id="link2HCH0011">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted it would
+      do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a cloud-capt,
+      almost chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in the far
+      distance, and streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly questionable
+      purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more important for us
+      to ascertain. Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries many a timid
+      wayfarer, or the reflex of Pandemonian lava? Is it of a truth leading us
+      into beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning marl of a
+      Hell-on-Earth?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives an
+      Editor enough to do. Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads us
+      to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views and
+      glances. For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a Whole:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist: 'If I take the wings of the morning and
+      dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.' Thou thyself,
+      O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a Prosaist,
+      knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the world where
+      at least FORCE is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand,
+      rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept away;
+      already on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic of
+      Cancer. How came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless? Thinkest thou
+      there is aught motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself: That little fire
+      which glows star-like across the dark-growing (<i>nachtende</i>) moor,
+      where the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy
+      lost horse-shoe,&mdash;is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the
+      whole Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole? Thou fool, that
+      smithy-fire was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that
+      circulates from before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein,
+      with Iron Force, and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are
+      cunning affinities and battles and victories of Force brought about; it is
+      a little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of
+      Immensity. Call it, if thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the
+      bosom of the All; whose iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence
+      reach quite through the All; whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by brain
+      and sinew, preaches forth the mystery of Force; nay preaches forth
+      (exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the
+      Gospel of Man's Force, commanding, and one day to be all-commanding.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Detached, separated! I say there is no such separation: nothing hitherto
+      was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered leaf,
+      works together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless, shoreless
+      flood of Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses. The withered
+      leaf is not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and around it, though
+      working in inverse order; else how could it rot? Despise not the rag from
+      which man makes Paper, or the litter from which the earth makes Corn.
+      Rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant; all objects are as
+      windows, through which the philosophic eye looks into Infinitude itself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+      high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its own
+      account; strictly taken, is not there at all: Matter exists only
+      spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and <i>body</i> it forth. Hence
+      Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+      Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+      only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want. On the other hand, all
+      Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven: must
+      not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the else
+      invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like Spirits,
+      revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as we often see,
+      the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise) reveal such even
+      to the outward eye?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with Beauty,
+      with Curses, and the like. Nay, if you consider it, what is Man himself,
+      and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing or visible
+      Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a light-particle,
+      down from Heaven? Thus is he said also to be clothed with a Body.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Language is called the Garment of Thought: however, it should rather be,
+      Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought. I said that
+      Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she? Metaphors are her
+      stuff: examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+      (of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such, or
+      no longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+      colorless? If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+      the Flesh-Garment, Language,&mdash;then are Metaphors its muscles and
+      tissues and living integuments. An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain
+      seek for: is not your very <i>Attention</i> a <i>Stretching-to</i>? The
+      difference lies here: some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself
+      seems osseous; some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking;
+      while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth,
+      sometimes (as in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.
+      Moreover, there are sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same
+      Thought's-Body (best naked), and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering it
+      out, may be called its false stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks (<i>Putz-Mantel</i>),
+      and tawdry woollen rags: whereof he that runs and reads may gather whole
+      hampers,&mdash;and burn them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see a more
+      surprisingly metaphorical? However, that is not our chief grievance; the
+      Professor continues:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why multiply instances? It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+      fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are: the Time-vesture of the
+      Eternal. Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+      Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season,
+      and to be laid off. Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES, rightly
+      understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed, done, and
+      been: the whole External Universe and what it holds is but Clothing; and
+      the essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF CLOTHES."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on the
+      impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+      difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling. Till
+      lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected Aid of
+      Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into the red
+      of morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain whether dawn of
+      day or dusk of utter darkness. For the last week, these so-called
+      Biographical Documents are in his hand. By the kindness of a Scottish
+      Hamburg Merchant, whose name, known to the whole mercantile world, he must
+      not mention; but whose honorable courtesy, now and often before
+      spontaneously manifested to him, a mere literary stranger, he cannot soon
+      forget,&mdash;the bulky Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its Custom-house
+      seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and miscellaneous tokens of Travel, arrived
+      here in perfect safety, and free of cost. The reader shall now fancy with
+      what hot haste it was broken up, with what breathless expectation glanced
+      over; and, alas, with what unquiet disappointment it has, since then, been
+      often thrown down, and again taken up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+      Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+      trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already: that
+      however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science originating
+      in the Head (<i>Verstand</i>) alone, no Life-Philosophy (<i>Lebensphilosophie</i>),
+      such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which originates equally in the
+      Character (<i>Gemuth</i>), and equally speaks thereto, can attain its
+      significance till the Character itself is known and seen; "till the
+      Author's View of the World (<i>Weltansicht</i>), and how he actively and
+      passively came by such view, are clear: in short till a Biography of him
+      has been philosophico-poetically written, and philosophico-poetically
+      read.... Nay," adds he, "were the speculative scientific Truth even known,
+      you still, in this inquiring age, ask yourself, Whence came it, and Why,
+      and How?&mdash;and rest not, till, if no better may be, Fancy have shaped
+      out an answer; and either in the authentic lineaments of Fact, or the
+      forged ones of Fiction, a complete picture and Genetical History of the
+      Man and his spiritual Endeavor lies before you. But why," says the
+      Hofrath, and indeed say we, "do I dilate on the uses of our
+      Teufelsdrockh's Biography? The great Herr Minister von Goethe has
+      penetratingly remarked that Man is properly the <i>only</i> object that
+      interests man:' thus I too have noted, that in Weissnichtwo our whole
+      conversation is little or nothing else but Biography or Autobiography;
+      ever humano-anecdotical (<i>menschlich-anekdotisch</i>). Biography is by
+      nature the most universally profitable, universally pleasant of all
+      things: especially Biography of distinguished individuals.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By this time, <i>mein Verehrtester</i> (my Most Esteemed)," continues he,
+      with an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from Teufelsdrockh,
+      or some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh unaccountable, "by this
+      time you are fairly plunged (<i>vertieft</i>) in that mighty forest of
+      Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers do, with
+      astonishment enough. Such portions and passages as you have already
+      mastered, and brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange curiosity
+      touching the mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled psychical
+      mechanism, which manufactured such matter, and emitted it to the light of
+      day. Had Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he, at one time, wear
+      drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat? Did he ever, in rapture and tears,
+      clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also wistfully into the long
+      burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds, and their low harsh moan, give
+      inarticulate answer? Has he fought duels;&mdash;good Heaven! how did he
+      comport himself when in Love? By what singular stair-steps, in short, and
+      subterranean passages, and sloughs of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has
+      he reached this wonderful prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry)
+      where he now dwells?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+      silent. Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+      from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has parted
+      with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad cookery,
+      blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for they have let
+      him pass), has had the Bill to discharge. But the whole particulars of his
+      Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque Sketches he took, though
+      all regularly jotted down (in indelible sympathetic-ink by an invisible
+      interior Penman), are these nowhere forthcoming? Perhaps quite lost: one
+      other leaf of that mighty Volume (of human Memory) left to fly abroad,
+      unprinted, unpublished, unbound up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport
+      of rainy winds?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No, <i>verehrtester Herr Herausgeber</i>, in no wise! I here, by the
+      unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only,
+      but an Autobiography: at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+      misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight: and so the
+      whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to the
+      wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through Hindostan,
+      and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (<i>einnehmen</i>) great
+      part of this terrestrial Planet!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in place of
+      this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find&mdash;Six
+      considerable PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in
+      gilt China-ink, with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs,
+      beginning at Libra; in the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous
+      masses of Sheets, and oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's scarce legible <i>cursiv-schrift</i>; and treating of all
+      imaginable things under the Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal
+      history only at rare intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here, speaking
+      in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once named.
+      Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological
+      Disquisition, "Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The continued
+      Possibility of Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite private, not
+      unimportant Biographical fact. On certain sheets stand Dreams, authentic
+      or not, while the circumjacent waking Actions are omitted. Anecdotes,
+      oftenest without date of place or time, fly loosely on separate slips,
+      like Sibylline leaves. Interspersed also are long purely Autobiographical
+      delineations; yet without connection, without recognizable coherence; so
+      unimportant, so superfluously minute, they almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk
+      of this Parish." Thus does famine of intelligence alternate with waste.
+      Selection, order, appears to be unknown to the Professor. In all Bags the
+      same imbroglio; only perhaps in the Bag <i>Capricorn</i>, and those near
+      it, the confusion a little worse confounded. Close by a rather eloquent
+      Oration, "On receiving the Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked <i>bezahlt</i>
+      (settled). His Travels are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the
+      various cities he has visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most
+      living tongues, here is perhaps the completest collection extant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+      instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which
+      by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it! As we shall
+      perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in the
+      British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them, may be
+      spared. Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is, clearly
+      enough, none to be gleaned here: at most some sketchy, shadowy fugitive
+      likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of intellect, partly of
+      imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader, rise up between them.
+      Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that aqueous-chaotic Volume can the
+      contents of the Six Bags hover round us, and portions thereof be
+      incorporated with our delineation of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles) deciphering
+      these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed <i>cursiv-schrift</i>;
+      collating them with the almost equally unimaginable Volume, which stands
+      in legible print. Over such a universal medley of high and low, of hot,
+      cold, moist and dry, is he here struggling (by union of like with like,
+      which is Method) to build a firm Bridge for British travellers. Never
+      perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin and Death, built that
+      stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did any Pontifex, or Pontiff,
+      undertake such a task as the present Editor. For in this Arch too,
+      leading, as we humbly presume, far otherwards than that grand primeval
+      one, the materials are to be fished up from the weltering deep, and down
+      from the simmering air, here one mass, there another, and cunningly
+      cemented, while the elements boil beneath: nor is there any supernatural
+      force to do it with; but simply the Diligence and feeble thinking Faculty
+      of an English Editor, endeavoring to evolve printed Creation out of a
+      German printed and written Chaos, wherein, as he shoots to and fro in it,
+      gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to the far-distant Wherefore, his
+      whole Faculty and Self are like to be swallowed up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+      dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+      fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little but
+      an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for. What is the use of health, or
+      of life, if not to do some work therewith? And what work nobler than
+      transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic soil; except indeed
+      planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are privileged to do? Wild
+      as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we ever reach its real
+      meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the first dim rudiments and
+      already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in Universal History. Is not such a
+      prize worth some striving? Forward with us, courageous reader; be it
+      towards failure, or towards success! The latter thou sharest with us; the
+      former also is not all our own.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0013" id="link2H_4_0013">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BOOK II.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0012" id="link2HCH0012">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. GENESIS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether from
+      birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight is to be
+      gained. Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning remains always
+      the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great man, we rest not
+      till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole circumstances of his
+      first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of Public Entry he made,
+      are with utmost completeness rendered manifest. To the Genesis of our
+      Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter consecrated. Unhappily,
+      indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure extraction; uncertain, we might
+      almost say, whether of any: so that this Genesis of his can properly be
+      nothing but an Exodus (or transit out of Invisibility into Visibility);
+      whereof the preliminary portion is nowhere forthcoming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag <i>Libra</i>, on
+      various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas Futteral
+      and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful though now
+      verging towards old age. Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant, and even
+      regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but now, quitting the
+      halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook, cultivated a little
+      Orchard, on the produce of which he, Cincinnatus-like, lived not without
+      dignity. Fruits, the peach, the apple, the grape, with other varieties
+      came in their season; all which Andreas knew how to sell: on evenings he
+      smoked largely, or read (as beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and
+      talked to neighbors that would listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and
+      how Fritz the Only (<i>der Einzige</i>) had once with his own royal lips
+      spoken to him, had been pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel
+      demanded the pass-word, '<i>Schweig Hund</i> (Peace, hound)!' before any
+      of his staff-adjutants could answer. '<i>Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig</i>,
+      There is what I call a King,' would Andreas exclaim: 'but the smoke of
+      Kunersdorf was still smarting his eyes.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than the
+      looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+      subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (<i>wer
+      kann die Weiberchen dressiren</i>):' nevertheless she at heart loved him
+      both for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and
+      Regiment's Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid: what you
+      see, yet cannot see over, is as good as infinite. Nay, was not Andreas in
+      very deed a man of order, courage, downrightness (<i>Geradheit</i>); that
+      understood Busching's <i>Geography</i>, had been in the victory of
+      Rossbach, and left for dead in the camisade of Hochkirch? The good
+      Gretchen, for all her fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as
+      only a true house-mother can: assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured
+      for him; so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but
+      the whole habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung,
+      looked ever trim and gay: a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in
+      fruit-trees and forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising
+      many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in through
+      the very windows; under its long projecting eaves nothing but garden-tools
+      in methodic piles (to screen them from rain), and seats where, especially
+      on summer nights, a King might have wished to sit and smoke, and call it
+      his. Such a Bauergut (Copyhold) had Gretchen given her veteran; whose
+      sinewy arms, and long-disused gardening talent, had made it what you saw.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when
+      the Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless
+      journey visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (<i>Libra</i>), it
+      was that a Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave
+      salutation, stood before the two rather astonished housemates. He was
+      close-muffled in a wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding, he
+      deposited therefrom what seemed some Basket, overhung with green Persian
+      silk; saying only: <i>Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein unschatzbares
+      Verleihen; nehmt es in aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt es: mit hohem
+      Lohn, oder wohl mit schweren Zinsen, wird's einst zuruckgefordert</i>.
+      'Good Christian people, here lies for you an invaluable Loan; take all
+      heed thereof, in all carefulness employ it: with high recompense, or else
+      with heavy penalty, will it one day be required back.' Uttering which
+      singular words, in a clear, bell-like, forever memorable tone, the
+      Stranger gracefully withdrew; and before Andreas or his wife, gazing in
+      expectant wonder, had time to fashion either question or answer, was clean
+      gone. Neither out of doors could aught of him be seen or heard; he had
+      vanished in the thickets, in the dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly
+      closed: the Stranger was gone once and always. So sudden had the whole
+      transaction been, in the autumn stillness and twilight, so gentle,
+      noiseless, that the Futterals could have fancied it all a trick of
+      Imagination, or some visit from an authentic Spirit. Only that the
+      green-silk Basket, such as neither Imagination nor authentic Spirits are
+      wont to carry, still stood visible and tangible on their little
+      parlor-table. Towards this the astonished couple, now with lit candle,
+      hastily turned their attention. Lifting the green veil, to see what
+      invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid down and rich white
+      wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but, in the softest sleep,
+      a little red-colored Infant! Beside it, lay a roll of gold Friedrichs, the
+      exact amount of which was never publicly known; also a <i>Taufschein</i>
+      (baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately nothing but the Name was
+      decipherable, other document or indication none whatever.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+      Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire of
+      any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had passed
+      through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with this
+      Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise. Meanwhile, for
+      Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was: What to do with
+      this little sleeping red-colored Infant? Amid amazements and curiosities,
+      which had to die away without external satisfying, they resolved, as in
+      such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must, on nursing it,
+      though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible into manhood. The
+      Heavens smiled on their endeavor: thus has that same mysterious Individual
+      ever since had a status for himself in this visible Universe, some modicum
+      of victual and lodging and parade-ground; and now expanded in bulk,
+      faculty and knowledge of good and evil, he, as HERR DIOGENES
+      TEUFELSDROCKH, professes or is ready to profess, perhaps not altogether
+      without effect, in the new University of Weissnichtwo, the new Science of
+      Things in General."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+      that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral, In
+      his twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite
+      indelible impression. Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that glided
+      into the Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as on
+      spirit's wings, glided out again, might be? An inexpressible desire, full
+      of love and of sadness, has often since struggled within me to shape an
+      answer. Ever, in my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy turned, full
+      of longing (<i>sehnsuchtsvoll</i>), to that unknown Father, who perhaps
+      far from me, perhaps near, either way invisible, might have taken me to
+      his paternal bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe. Thou beloved
+      Father, dost thou still, shut out from me only by thin penetrable curtains
+      of earthly Space, wend to and fro among the crowd of the living? Or art
+      thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the Everlasting Night, or
+      rather of the Everlasting Day, through which my mortal eye and
+      outstretched arms need not strive to reach? Alas, I know not, and in vain
+      vex myself to know. More than once, heart-deluded, have I taken for thee
+      this and the other noble-looking Stranger; and approached him wistfully,
+      with infinite regard; but he too had to repel me, he too was not thou.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of his
+      sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar? Hadst thou, any more than I,
+      a Father whom thou knowest? The Andreas and Gretchen, or the Adam and Eve,
+      who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed thee there,
+      whom thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine, but thy
+      nursing-father and nursing-mother: thy true Beginning and Father is in
+      Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only with
+      the spiritual....
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+      embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+      Diogenes Teufelsdrockh. From the veil can nothing be inferred: a piece of
+      now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others. On the Name I have
+      many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay there any
+      clew. That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to believe. To
+      no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's Books, in and without
+      the German Empire, and through all manner of Subscriber-Lists (<i>Pranumeranten</i>),
+      Militia-Rolls, and other Name-catalogues; extraordinary names as we have
+      in Germany, the name Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to my own person,
+      nowhere occurs. Again, what may the unchristian rather than Christian
+      'Diogenes' mean? Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such
+      designation, to shadow forth my future destiny, or his own present malign
+      humor? Perhaps the latter, perhaps both. Thou ill-starred Parent, who like
+      an Ostrich hadst to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into
+      self-support by the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have
+      been a smooth one? Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed
+      by the worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct. Often have I fancied
+      how, in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+      hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit (<i>Zeitgeist</i>)
+      in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee was seered into
+      grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave in me an indignant
+      appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest against the Devil, as
+      that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time itself, is well named!
+      Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add, was not perhaps quite
+      lost in air.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+      all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+      earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously (for
+      there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the very
+      skin. And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send
+      inwards, even to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times, when
+      the whole soul is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain will
+      grow to be an all overshadowing tree! Names? Could I unfold the influence
+      of Names, which are the most important of all Clothings, I were a second
+      greater Trismegistus. Not only all common Speech, but Science, Poetry
+      itself is no other, if thou consider it, than a right <i>Naming</i>.
+      Adam's first task was giving names to natural Appearances: what is ours
+      still but a continuation of the same; be the Appearances exotic-vegetable,
+      organic, mechanic, stars, or starry movements (as in Science); or (as in
+      Poetry) passions, virtues, calamities, God-attributes, Gods?&mdash;In a
+      very plain sense the Proverb says, <i>Call one a thief, and he will steal</i>;
+      in an almost similar sense may we not perhaps say, <i>Call one Diogenes
+      Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the Philosophy of Clothes</i>?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+      his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+      out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word, by
+      all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a whole
+      infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring daily
+      to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe where he
+      had arrived, be his task therein what it might. Infinite was his progress;
+      thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle of&mdash;Speech!
+      To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh (celestial) Egg;
+      wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by degrees organic elements
+      and fibres shoot through the watery albumen; and out of vague Sensation
+      grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and we have Philosophies,
+      Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive had they
+      in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high
+      consummations, by quick yet easy stages. The Futterals, to avoid vain
+      talk, and moreover keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that he
+      was a grandnephew; the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly
+      deceased, in Andreas's distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of her
+      indigent sorrowing widower, little enough was known at Entepfuhl. Heedless
+      of all which, the Nursling took to his spoon-meat, and throve. I have
+      heard him noted as a still infant, that kept his mind much to himself;
+      above all, that seldom or never cried. He already felt that time was
+      precious; that he had other work cut out for him than whimpering."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these miscellaneous
+      Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr Teufelsdrockh's
+      genealogy. More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem to few readers than
+      to us. The Professor, in whom truly we more and more discern a certain
+      satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish whim, for the present
+      stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him: but seems it not
+      conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral," or some other perhaps
+      interested party, he has himself been deceived? Should these sheets,
+      translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl Circulating Library, some
+      cultivated native of that district might feel called to afford
+      explanation. Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts, permeate the whole
+      habitable globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe from British Literature,
+      may not some Copy find out even the mysterious basket-bearing Stranger,
+      who in a state of extreme senility perhaps still exists; and gently force
+      even him to disclose himself; to claim openly a son, in whom any father
+      may feel pride?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0013" id="link2HCH0013">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh: "Kind Nature, that
+      art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+      auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing of
+      Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round (<i>umgaukelt</i>)
+      by sweetest Dreams! If the paternal Cottage still shuts us in, its roof
+      still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet, priest and king,
+      and an Obedience that makes us free. The young spirit has awakened out of
+      Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet Time is no
+      fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to the child are
+      as ages: ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or quicker decay
+      and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric, from the granite
+      mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in a motionless
+      Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling Universe is
+      forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair Child, for thy
+      long rough journey is at hand! A little while, and thou too shalt sleep no
+      more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles; thou too, with old
+      Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience: 'Rest? Rest? Shall I not have
+      all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe! though a Pyrrhus conquer
+      empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he finds thee not; and thou hast
+      once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on the eyelids, on the heart of
+      every mother's child. For as yet, sleep and waking are one: the fair
+      Life-garden rustles infinite around, and everywhere is dewy fragrance, and
+      the budding of Hope; which budding, if in youth, too frost-nipt, it grow
+      to flowers, will in manhood yield no fruit, but a prickly, bitter-rinded
+      stone-fruit, of which the fewest can find the kernel."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look
+      back on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing of
+      much other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an
+      almost wearisome minuteness. We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+      derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+      extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+      beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black Sea,
+      into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+      stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all other
+      rows and clumps, towered up from the central <i>Agora</i> and <i>Campus
+      Martius</i> of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat
+      talking under its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the
+      wearied laborers reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the
+      young men and maidens often danced to flute-music. "Glorious summer
+      twilights," cries Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror and
+      Imperial Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple emblazonry, and
+      all his fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and the tired
+      brickmakers of this clay Earth might steal a little frolic, and those few
+      meek Stars would not tell of them!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Then we have long details of the <i>Weinlesen</i> (Vintage), the
+      Harvest-Home, Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the Entepfuhl
+      Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial shades from
+      those of other countries. Concerning all which, we shall here, for obvious
+      reasons, say nothing. What cares the world for our as yet miniature
+      Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "? Or even where
+      is the use of such practical reflections as the following? "In all the
+      sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages and
+      defacements, you shall discern a creative instinct (<i>schaffenden Trieb</i>):
+      the Mankin feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is to work. The
+      choicest present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or pen-gun, for
+      construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work, for Change. In
+      gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains himself to
+      Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed: the little Maid
+      again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with preference to Dolls."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+      relates it: "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather, I
+      should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and indivisible,
+      reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs: of which fashion
+      how little could I then divine the architectural, how much less the moral
+      significance!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      More graceful is the following little picture: "On fine evenings I was
+      wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+      out-of-doors. On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach by
+      climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+      pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed: there, many a sunset, have I,
+      looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish, my
+      evening meal. Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+      expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless I
+      was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+      gilding."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not
+      much intermeddle. It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper
+      sympathy with animated Nature:" but when, we would ask, saw any man, in a
+      collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this: "Impressive
+      enough (<i>bedeutungsvoll</i>) was it to hear, in early morning, the
+      Swineherd's horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds were, on
+      all sides, starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on the Heath.
+      Or to see them at eventide, all marching in again, with short squeak,
+      almost in military order; and each, topographically correct, trotting off
+      in succession to the right or left, through its own lane, to its own
+      dwelling; till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone, blew his
+      last blast, and retired for the night. We are wont to love the Hog chiefly
+      in the form of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned beings here
+      manifest intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any rate, a
+      touching, trustful submissiveness to Man,&mdash;who, were he but a
+      Swineherd, in darned gabardine, and leather breeches more resembling slate
+      or discolored-tin breeches, is still the Hierarch of this lower world?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius is
+      quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+      favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+      childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+      dunces. Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+      inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver: the inner man of
+      the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+      crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has
+      exuded and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at
+      the bottom of his stomach. "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh, "I
+      should as soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by favorable
+      or unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into a cabbage,
+      or the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence
+      of early culture and nurture: hereby we have either a doddered dwarf bush,
+      or a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow cabbage, or
+      an edible luxuriant green one. Of a truth, it is the duty of all men,
+      especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+      characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+      hindered, what in any way modified it: to which duty, nowadays so pressing
+      for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address myself."&mdash;Thou
+      rogue! Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and swineherd horns, that
+      an infant of genius is educated? And yet, as usual, it ever remains
+      doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at these Autobiographical
+      times of ours, or writing from the abundance of his own fond ineptitude.
+      For he continues: "If among the ever-streaming currents of Sights,
+      Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as in a Magic Hall,
+      young Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to select and
+      specify, perhaps these following were also of the number:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the
+      young creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency
+      given him by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+      battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect,
+      could not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.' Eagerly I
+      hung upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from
+      these perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a dim
+      world of Adventure expanded itself within me. Incalculable also was the
+      knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the Linden-tree: the
+      whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these reverend seniors,
+      talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys thereof for nigh
+      fourscore years? With amazement I began to discover that Entepfuhl stood
+      in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there was such a thing as
+      History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by hand and tongue, might
+      contribute.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In a like sense worked the <i>Postwagen</i> (Stage-coach), which,
+      slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our
+      Village: northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly
+      at eventide. Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen
+      could be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere Law
+      of Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways, from far
+      cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous shuttle into
+      closer and closer union. It was then that, independently of Schiller's <i>Wilhelm
+      Tell</i>, I made this not quite insignificant reflection (so true also in
+      spiritual things): <i>Any road, this simple Entepfuhl road, will lead you
+      to the end of the World</i>!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+      threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+      belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of May,
+      snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby? The hospitable Father (for cleanliness'
+      sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest: there they built,
+      and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I chiefly, from the
+      heart loved them. Bright, nimble creatures, who taught you the
+      mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic incorporation, almost
+      social police? For if, by ill chance, and when time pressed, your House
+      fell, have I not seen five neighborly Helpers appear next day; and
+      swashing to and fro, with animated, loud, long-drawn chirpings, and
+      activity almost super-hirundine, complete it again before nightfall?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture, where as
+      in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and simultaneously
+      poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair. Here, assembling from all
+      the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable hurry-burly. Nut-brown
+      maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed, loud-laughing, bedizened and
+      beribanded; who came for dancing, for treating, and if possible, for
+      happiness. Topbooted Graziers from the North; Swiss Brokers, Italian
+      Drovers, also topbooted, from the South; these with their subalterns in
+      leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and long ox-goads; shouting in
+      half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate barking and bellowing. Apart
+      stood Potters from far Saxony, with their crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg
+      Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen
+      from the Lago Maggiore; detachments of the <i>Wiener Schub</i>
+      (Offscourings of Vienna) vociferously superintending games of chance.
+      Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (<i>heuriger</i>)
+      flowed like water, still worse confounding the confusion; and high over
+      all, vaulted, in ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew,
+      like the genius of the place and of Life itself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+      Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes
+      of contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+      shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,&mdash;did the
+      Child sit and learn. These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime
+      he was to syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World: what
+      matters it whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small
+      ungilt ones, so you have an eye to read it? For Gneschen, eager to learn,
+      the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded all: his
+      existence was a bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as in
+      Prospero's Island, wonder after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach by
+      charming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my
+      felicity was perfect. I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into the
+      Earth. Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even in
+      childhood a dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and often
+      quite overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader and
+      broader; till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy, and
+      threatened to engulf me in final night. It was the ring of Necessity
+      whereby we are all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun brightens
+      it into a ring of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful prismatic
+      diffractions; yet ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole being, it is
+      there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+      much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly to
+      look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+      understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that. If good
+      Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+      the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most. In
+      all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+      Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished? On
+      the other side, however, things went not so well. My Active Power (<i>Thatkraft</i>)
+      was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many traces yet abide
+      with me! In an orderly house, where the litter of children's sports is
+      hateful enough, your training is too stoical; rather to bear and forbear
+      than to make and do. I was forbid much: wishes in any measure bold I had
+      to renounce; everywhere a strait bond of Obedience inflexibly held me
+      down. Thus already Freewill often came in painful collision with
+      Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at seasons the Child itself might
+      taste that root of bitterness, wherewith the whole fruitage of our life is
+      mingled and tempered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer to
+      err by excess than by defect. Obedience is our universal duty and destiny;
+      wherein whoso will not bend must break: too early and too thoroughly we
+      cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of ours, is as mere
+      zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of fractions even to
+      Shall. Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly Discretion, nay of
+      Morality itself. Let me not quarrel with my upbringing. It was rigorous,
+      too frugal, compressively secluded, every way unscientific: yet in that
+      very strictness and domestic solitude might there not lie the root of
+      deeper earnestness, of the stem from which all noble fruit must grow?
+      Above all, how unskilful soever, it was loving, it was well-meant, honest;
+      whereby every deficiency was helped. My kind Mother, for as such I must
+      ever love the good Gretchen, did me one altogether invaluable service: she
+      taught me, less indeed by word than by act and daily reverent look and
+      habitude, her own simple version of the Christian Faith. Andreas too
+      attended Church; yet more like a parade-duty, for which he in the other
+      world expected pay with arrears,&mdash;as, I trust, he has received; but
+      my Mother, with a true woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense,
+      was in the strictest acceptation Religious. How indestructibly the Good
+      grows, and propagates itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil!
+      The highest whom I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe
+      unspeakable, before a Higher in Heaven: such things, especially in
+      infancy, reach inwards to the very core of your being; mysteriously does a
+      Holy of Holies build itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and
+      Reverence, the divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean
+      envelopment of Fear. Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew,
+      were it never so rudely, there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's
+      son that only knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the
+      family-coach?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which last question we must answer: Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+      spiritual pride!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0014" id="link2HCH0014">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+      borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed, and
+      much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his soft hazel
+      eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still intelligence) called
+      upon for little voluntary movement there. Hitherto, accordingly, his
+      aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient Philosopher and Poet in the
+      abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr Heuschrecke himself to say wherein
+      the special Doctrine of Clothes is as yet foreshadowed or betokened. For
+      with Gneschen, as with others, the Man may indeed stand pictured in the
+      Boy (at least all the pigments are there); yet only some half of the Man
+      stands in the Child, or young Boy, namely, his Passive endowment, not his
+      Active. The more impatient are we to discover what figure he cuts in this
+      latter capacity; how, when, to use his own words, "he understands the
+      tools a little, and can handle this or that," he will proceed to handle
+      it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our
+      Philosopher's history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:
+      nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity"
+      of his, which, with no free development of the antagonist Activity,
+      distinguished his childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that, in
+      after days, and still in these present days, astonishes the world. For the
+      shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without Activity of any
+      kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man with Activity almost
+      superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden, enigmatic, that no mortal
+      can foresee its explosions, or even when it has exploded, so much as
+      ascertain its significance. A dangerous, difficult temper for the modern
+      European; above all, disadvantageous in the hero of a Biography! Now as
+      heretofore it will behoove the Editor of these pages, were it never so
+      unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man
+      of letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books. On this portion of his
+      History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent. Reading he
+      "cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature. He
+      says generally: "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+      depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken. I learned what
+      others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head, seeing as yet
+      no manner of use in it. My Schoolmaster, a down-bent, broken-hearted,
+      underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did little for me, except
+      discover that he could do little: he, good soul, pronounced me a genius,
+      fit for the learned professions; and that I must be sent to the Gymnasium,
+      and one day to the University. Meanwhile, what printed thing soever I
+      could meet with I read. My very copper pocket-money I laid out on
+      stall-literature; which, as it accumulated, I with my own hands sewed into
+      volumes. By this means was the young head furnished with a considerable
+      miscellany of things and shadows of things: History in authentic fragments
+      lay mingled with Fabulous chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the
+      whole not as dead stuff, but as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a
+      mind as yet so peptic."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know. Indeed, already
+      in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there may have
+      been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms of a spirit
+      singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical. Thus, to say nothing of his
+      Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that earlier period,
+      have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their twelfth year, on such
+      reflections as the following? "It struck me much, as I sat by the Kuhbach,
+      one silent noontide, and watched it flowing, gurgling, to think how this
+      same streamlet had flowed and gurgled, through all changes of weather and
+      of fortune, from beyond the earliest date of History. Yes, probably on the
+      morning when Joshua forded Jordan; even as at the mid-day when Caesar,
+      doubtless with difficulty, swam the Nile, yet kept his <i>Commentaries</i>
+      dry,&mdash;this little Kuhbach, assiduous as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was
+      murmuring on across the wilderness, as yet unnamed, unseen: here, too, as
+      in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is a vein or veinlet of the grand
+      World-circulation of Waters, which, with its atmospheric arteries, has
+      lasted and lasts simply with the World. Thou fool! Nature alone is
+      antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that idle crag thou sittest on is
+      six thousand years of age." In which little thought, as in a little
+      fountain, may there not lie the beginning of those well-nigh unutterable
+      meditations on the grandeur and mystery of TIME, and its relation to
+      ETERNITY, which play such a part in this Philosophy of Clothes?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers so
+      lyrical and joyful as over his childhood. Green sunny tracts there are
+      still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+      stagnating into sour marshes of discontent. "With my first view of the
+      Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began. Well do I still
+      remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope by
+      the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place, and
+      saw its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and <i>Schuldthurm</i> (Jail),
+      and the aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast: a little
+      dog, in mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps had tied a tin
+      kettle to its tail; thus did the agonized creature, loud-jingling, career
+      through the whole length of the Borough, and become notable enough. Fit
+      emblem of many a Conquering Hero, to whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense,
+      as it often elsewhere does) has malignantly appended a tin kettle of
+      Ambition, to chase him on; which the faster he runs, urges him the faster,
+      the more loudly and more foolishly! Fit emblem also of much that awaited
+      myself, in that mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion
+      and epitome!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance: I was
+      among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards me; the
+      young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone." His
+      school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him: "They were Boys," he says,
+      "mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which bids the
+      deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to death any
+      broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong tyrannize
+      over the weak." He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual degree
+      morally courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain have
+      avoided it; a result, as would appear, owing less to his small personal
+      stature (for in passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"), than to
+      his "virtuous principles:" "if it was disgraceful to be beaten," says he,
+      "it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as fought; thus was
+      I drawn two ways at once, and in this important element of school-history,
+      the war-element, had little but sorrow." On the whole, that same excellent
+      "Passivity," so notable in Teufelsdrockh's childhood, is here visibly
+      enough again getting nourishment. "He wept often; indeed to such a degree
+      that he was nicknamed <i>Der Weinende</i> (the Tearful), which epithet,
+      till towards his thirteenth year, was indeed not quite unmerited. Only at
+      rare intervals did the young soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage, and,
+      with a stormfulness (<i>Ungestum</i>) under which the boldest quailed,
+      assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at least of Mankin." In all
+      which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree and cinnamon-tree (of
+      genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and ignoble shrubs; and
+      forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only, and not outwards; into
+      a <i>height</i> quite sickly, and disproportioned to its <i>breadth</i>?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+      Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+      Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So that,
+      except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went about, as
+      was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there learning many
+      things;" and farther lighted on some small store of curious reading, in
+      Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he lodged,&mdash;his time, it would
+      appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the Professor has not yet learned
+      to look upon with any contentment. Indeed, throughout the whole of this
+      Bag <i>Scorpio</i>, where we now are, and often in the following Bag, he
+      shows himself unusually animated on the matter of Education, and not
+      without some touch of what we might presume to be anger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+      man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+      account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+      themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it fostering
+      the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder, the
+      like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be manufactured at Nurnberg
+      out of wood and leather, foster the growth of anything; much more of Mind,
+      which grows, not like a vegetable (by having its roots littered with
+      etymological compost), but like a spirit, by mysterious contact of Spirit;
+      Thought kindling itself at the fire of living Thought? How shall <i>he</i>
+      give kindling, in whose own inward man there is no live coal, but all is
+      burnt out to a dead grammatical cinder? The Hinterschlag Professors knew
+      syntax enough; and of the human soul thus much: that it had a faculty
+      called Memory, and could be acted on through the muscular integument by
+      appliance of birch-rods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+      discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+      all hands fitly encouraged: till communities and individuals discover, not
+      without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by Knowledge
+      can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by Gunpowder; that
+      with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there should be
+      world-honored Dignitaries, and were it possible, true God-ordained
+      Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the Soldier wears openly, and
+      even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have travelled, did
+      the Schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool: nay, were he to walk
+      abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom expected honor, would
+      there not, among the idler class, perhaps a certain levity be excited?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+      died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+      first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+      melancholy. "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+      yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable silent
+      nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word, NEVER! now
+      first showed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got vent; but in
+      my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in silent desolation.
+      Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is so healthful that it
+      even finds nourishment in Death: these stern experiences, planted down by
+      Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a whole cypress-forest, sad but
+      beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the
+      hottest sunshine, through long years of youth:&mdash;as in manhood also it
+      does, and will do; for I have now pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree;
+      the Tomb is now my inexpugnable Fortress, ever close by the gate of which
+      I look upon the hostile armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous
+      Life placidly enough, and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still
+      smile. O ye loved ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest,
+      whom in life I could only weep for and never help; and ye, who
+      wide-scattered still toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the
+      flinty ground with your blood,&mdash;yet a little while, and we shall all
+      meet THERE, and our Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's
+      harness, and Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol
+      and inhabit ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of
+      the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in life
+      (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the genealogy
+      of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the Fowler: the
+      whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It only concerns us
+      to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen revealed to her
+      foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or indeed of any
+      kindred, having come into historical existence in the way already known to
+      us. "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not only of Possession,
+      but even of Remembrance. Sorrow and Wonder, here suddenly united, could
+      not but produce abundant fruit. Such a disclosure, in such a season,
+      struck its roots through my whole nature: ever till the years of mature
+      manhood, it mingled with my whole thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my
+      day-dreams and night-dreams grew. A certain poetic elevation, yet also a
+      corresponding civic depression, it naturally imparted: <i>I was like no
+      other</i>; in which fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener
+      to frightfullest results, may there not lie the first spring of
+      tendencies, which in my Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth,
+      so in action, speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not
+      numerous."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the Bag <i>Sagittarius</i>, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+      become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will
+      nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the
+      way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our
+      readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in a
+      Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found, and must
+      always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In <i>Sagittarius</i>,
+      however, Teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than usually
+      Sibylline: fragments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir,
+      College-Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn
+      Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together as
+      if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To combine
+      any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much more, to
+      decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the
+      Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+      thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+      Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at
+      length perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the
+      living Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities. From such
+      Fountain he draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his
+      whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements,
+      entanglements, aberrations are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps are
+      even pecuniary distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in spite of
+      advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him hither, must after a
+      time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand." Nevertheless in an
+      atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humor of that young Soul,
+      what character is in him, first decisively reveals itself; and, like
+      strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of colors, some of
+      which are prismatic. Thus, with the aid of Time and of what Time brings,
+      has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdrockh waxed into manly stature; and
+      into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new eagerness, How he
+      specially came by it, and regret anew that there is no more explicit
+      answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially significant fragments,
+      which are few in number, shall be extracted from that Limbo of a
+      Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As if, in the Bag <i>Scorpio</i>, Teufelsdrockh had not already
+      expectorated his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name <i>Sagittarius</i>,
+      he had thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in
+      with such matter as this: "The University where I was educated still
+      stands vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which
+      name, however, I, from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall
+      in nowise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England and
+      Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Universities. This is
+      indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly as may be, impossible:
+      however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit: nay, I can conceive a
+      worse system than that of the Nameless itself; as poisoned victual may be
+      worse than absolute hunger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+      ditch: wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer, if
+      both leader and led simply&mdash;sit still? Had you, anywhere in Crim
+      Tartary, walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small,
+      ill-chosen Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred Christian
+      striplings, to tumble about as they listed, from three to seven years:
+      certain persons, under the title of Professors, being stationed at the
+      gates, to declare aloud that it was a University, and exact considerable
+      admission-fees,&mdash;you had, not indeed in mechanical structure, yet in
+      spirit and result, some imperfect resemblance of our High Seminary. I say,
+      imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was quite other, so neither was
+      our result altogether the same: unhappily, we were not in Crim Tartary,
+      but in a corrupt European city, full of smoke and sin; moreover, in the
+      middle of a Public, which, without far costlier apparatus than that of the
+      Square Enclosure, and Declaration aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled, with
+      the most surprising profit. Towards anything like a <i>Statistics of
+      Imposture</i>, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange
+      indifference, our Economists, nigh buried under Tables for minor Branches
+      of Industry, have altogether overlooked the grand all-overtopping
+      Hypocrisy Branch; as if our whole arts of Puffery, of Quackery,
+      Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the innumerable other crafts and mysteries of
+      that genus, had not ranked in Productive Industry at all! Can any one, for
+      example, so much as say, What moneys, in Literature and Shoeblacking, are
+      realized by actual Instruction and actual jet Polish; what by
+      fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such; specifying, in distinct items,
+      the distributions, circulations, disbursements, incomings of said moneys,
+      with the smallest approach to accuracy? But to ask, How far, in all the
+      several infinitely complected departments of social business, in
+      government, education, in manual, commercial, intellectual fabrication of
+      every sort, man's Want is supplied by true Ware; how far by the mere
+      Appearance of true Ware:&mdash;in other words, To what extent, by what
+      methods, with what effects, in various times and countries, Deception
+      takes the place of wages of Performance: here truly is an Inquiry big with
+      results for the future time, but to which hitherto only the vaguest answer
+      can be given. If for the present, in our Europe, we estimate the ratio of
+      Ware to Appearance of Ware so high even as at One to a Hundred (which,
+      considering the Wages of a Pope, Russian Autocrat, or English
+      Game-Preserver, is probably not far from the mark),&mdash;what almost
+      prodigious saving may there not be anticipated, as the <i>Statistics of
+      Imposture</i> advances, and so the manufacturing of Shams (that of
+      Realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction therefrom) gradually
+      declines, and at length becomes all but wholly unnecessary!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This for the coming golden ages. What I had to remark, for the present
+      brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+      Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can as
+      yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature, and
+      man's Gullibility not his worst blessing. Suppose your sinews of war quite
+      broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but exhausted;
+      and that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut your and each
+      other's throat,&mdash;then were it not well could you, as if by miracle,
+      pay them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated water, or
+      mere imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came up, they
+      might be kept together and quiet? Such perhaps was the aim of Nature, who
+      does nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite, Man, with this his
+      so omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being Gulled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+      mechanism for itself! These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+      with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then too
+      with no great effort, by quite another class of persons. Which Reputation,
+      like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the general current,
+      bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on their part, to hold
+      long together, and of its own accord assiduously grind for them. Happy
+      that it was so, for the Millers! They themselves needed not to work; their
+      attempts at working, at what they called Educating, now when I look back
+      on it, fill me with a certain mute admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+      highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+      furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+      Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into a
+      state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to end
+      in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (<i>crepiren</i>) in
+      finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.&mdash;But
+      this too is portion of mankind's lot. If our era is the Era of Unbelief,
+      why murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come? As in
+      long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith
+      alternate with the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer
+      luxuriance of all Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations, be
+      followed by, and again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter dissolution.
+      For man lives in Time, has his whole earthly being, endeavor and destiny
+      shaped for him by Time: only in the transitory Time-Symbol is the
+      ever-motionless Eternity we stand on made manifest. And yet, in such
+      winter-seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler-minded perhaps a
+      comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and work; and for
+      the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating animals, safe-lodged in some
+      Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other superstitious or voluptuous
+      Castle of Indolence, they can slumber through, in stupid dreams, and only
+      awaken when the loud-roaring hailstorms have all alone their work, and to
+      our prayers and martyrdoms the new Spring has been vouchsafed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+      Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful. "The hungry
+      young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for food, were
+      bidden eat the east-wind. What vain jargon of controversial Metaphysic,
+      Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named Science, was current
+      there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the most. Among eleven
+      hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting some eleven eager to
+      learn. By collision with such, a certain warmth, a certain polish was
+      communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took less to rioting (<i>renommiren</i>),
+      than to thinking and reading, which latter also I was free to do. Nay from
+      the chaos of that Library, I succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps
+      than had been known to the very keepers thereof. The foundation of a
+      Literary Life was hereby laid: I learned, on my own strength, to read
+      fluently in almost all cultivated languages, on almost all subjects and
+      sciences; farther, as man is ever the prime object to man, already it was
+      my favorite employment to read character in speculation, and from the
+      Writing to construe the Writer. A certain groundplan of Human Nature and
+      Life began to fashion itself in me; wondrous enough, now when I look back
+      on it; for my whole Universe, physical and spiritual, was as yet a
+      Machine! However, such a conscious, recognized groundplan, the truest I
+      had, <i>was</i> beginning to be there, and by additional experiments might
+      be corrected and indefinitely extended."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+      destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for himself
+      the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help. Nevertheless a desert
+      this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters. Teufelsdrockh gives us
+      long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;" his Inquiries concerning
+      Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith; and how "in the silent
+      night-watches, still darker in his heart than over sky and earth, he has
+      cast himself before the All-seeing, and with audible prayers cried
+      vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death and the Grave. Not till
+      after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did the believing heart
+      surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the nightmare, Unbelief;
+      and, in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair living world for a
+      pallid, vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium. But through such Purgatory
+      pain," continues he, "it is appointed us to pass; first must the dead
+      Letter of Religion own itself dead, and drop piecemeal into dust, if the
+      living Spirit of Religion, freed from this its charnel-house, is to arise
+      on us, new-born of Heaven, and with new healing under its wings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+      measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+      sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season
+      of youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here
+      so poor in means,&mdash;do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed
+      and overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling
+      up among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor
+      than of clear flame?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to
+      be inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had not
+      altogether escaped notice: certain established men are aware of his
+      existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their
+      eyes on him. He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+      himself to the Profession of Law;&mdash;whereof, indeed, the world has
+      since seen him a public graduate. But omitting these broken,
+      unsatisfactory thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the
+      following small thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for
+      himself weaving it in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture
+      of these University years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as it
+      is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality (<i>von
+      Adel</i>), from the interior parts of England. He stood connected, by
+      blood and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of
+      Germany; to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all
+      friendliness, brought near. Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably
+      ill-cultivated; with considerable humor of character: and, bating his
+      total ignorance, for he knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar,
+      showed less of that aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for
+      most part belongs to Travellers of his nation. To him I owe my first
+      practical knowledge of the English and their ways; perhaps also something
+      of the partiality with which I have ever since regarded that singular
+      people. Towgood was not without an eye, could he have come at any light.
+      Invited doubtless by the presence of the Zahdarm Family, he had travelled
+      hither, in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his studies; he, whose
+      studies had as yet been those of infancy, hither to a University where so
+      much as the notion of perfection, not to say the effort after it, no
+      longer existed! Often we would condole over the hard destiny of the Young
+      in this era: how, after all our toil, we were to be turned out into the
+      world, with beards on our chins indeed, but with few other attributes of
+      manhood; no existing thing that we were trained to Act on, nothing that we
+      could so much as Believe. 'How has our head on the outside a polished
+      Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the inside Vacancy, or a froth of
+      Vocables and Attorney-Logic! At a small cost men are educated to make
+      leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am I educated to make? By
+      Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten and worn, as I came thus far,
+      would endow a considerable Hospital of Incurables.'&mdash;'Man, indeed,' I
+      would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty, which must be kept working, were
+      it even partly by stealth. But as for our Miseducation, make not bad
+      worse; waste not the time yet ours, in trampling on thistles because they
+      have yielded us no figs. <i>Frisch zu, Bruder</i>! Here are Books, and we
+      have brains to read them; here is a whole Earth and a whole Heaven, and we
+      have eyes to look on them: <i>Frisch zu</i>!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire. We
+      looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at once
+      harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered: motley, not
+      unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. For
+      myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours. Towards this young
+      warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even near
+      experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship. Yes, foolish
+      Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+      loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+      always. By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants. If
+      man's <i>Soul</i> is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+      Philosophy, a kind of <i>Stomach</i>, what else is the true meaning of
+      Spiritual Union but an Eating together? Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+      Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+      romance. What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+      He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+      where. Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+      man?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0015" id="link2HCH0015">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as quitting
+      College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes Teufelsdrockh:
+      a visible Temporary Figure (<i>Zeitbild</i>), occupying some cubic feet of
+      Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and spiritual; hopes,
+      passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in more or less
+      perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man. Capabilities there were in
+      me to give battle, in some small degree, against the great Empire of
+      Darkness: does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with his spade, extinguish
+      many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a little Order, where he found the
+      opposite? Nay your very Day-moth has capabilities in this kind; and ever
+      organizes something (into its own Body, if no otherwise), which was before
+      Inorganic; and of mute dead air makes living music, though only of the
+      faintest, by humming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned, or
+      begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought! Thaumaturgic I name
+      it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and henceforth
+      innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days, witness some.
+      Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it makes and unmakes
+      whole worlds, I shall forbear mention: but cannot the dullest hear
+      Steam-engines clanking around him? Has he not seen the Scottish
+      Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling on
+      fire-wings round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than any
+      other Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching and
+      carrying: at home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough overturning
+      the whole old system of Society; and, for Feudalism and Preservation of
+      the Game, preparing us, by indirect but sure methods, Industrialism and
+      the Government of the Wisest? Truly a Thinking Man is the worst enemy the
+      Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one announces himself, I
+      doubt not, there runs a shudder through the Nether Empire; and new
+      Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if possible, entrap him, and
+      hoodwink and handcuff him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe, been
+      called. Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+      Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace and
+      War against the Time-Prince (<i>Zeitfurst</i>), or Devil, and all his
+      Dominions, your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is so
+      difficult to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+      that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"? "Not
+      what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom. To each is given
+      a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune; to
+      each, by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of Capability.
+      But the hardest problem were ever this first: To find by study of
+      yourself, and of the ground you stand on, what your combined inward and
+      outward Capability specially is. For, alas, our young soul is all budding
+      with Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and true one.
+      Always too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions; his course
+      can be the <i>fac-simile</i> of no prior one, but is by its nature
+      original. And then how seldom will the outward Capability fit the inward:
+      though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended, dyspeptical,
+      bashful; nay what is worse than all, we are foolish. Thus, in a whole
+      imbroglio of Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to grope which is
+      ours, and often clutch the wrong one: in this mad work must several years
+      of our small term be spent, till the purblind Youth, by practice, acquire
+      notions of distance, and become a seeing Man. Nay, many so spend their
+      whole term, and in ever-new expectation, ever-new disappointment, shift
+      from enterprise to enterprise, and from side to side: till at length, as
+      exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten, they shift into their last
+      enterprise, that of getting buried.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general fate;
+      were it not that one thing saves us: our Hunger. For on this ground, as
+      the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt choice be made:
+      hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and Apprenticeships for our
+      irrational young; whereby, in due season, the vague universality of a Man
+      shall find himself ready-moulded into a specific Craftsman; and so
+      thenceforth work, with much or with little waste of Capability as it may
+      be; yet not with the worst waste, that of time. Nay even in matters
+      spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is born blind, and does not,
+      like certain other creatures, receive sight in nine days, but far later,
+      sometimes never,&mdash;is it not well that there should be what we call
+      Professions, or Bread-studies (<i>Brodzwecke</i>), preappointed us? Here,
+      circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial or total blindness is no
+      evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly round and round, still
+      fancying that it is forward and forward; and realize much: for himself
+      victual; for the world an additional horse's power in the grand corn-mill
+      or hemp-mill of Economic Society. For me too had such a leading-string
+      been provided; only that it proved a neck-halter, and had nigh throttled
+      me, till I broke it off. Then, in the words of Ancient Pistol, did the
+      world generally become mine oyster, which I, by strength or cunning, was
+      to open, as I would and could. Almost had I deceased (<i>fast war ich
+      umgekommen</i>), so obstinately did it continue shut."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was to
+      befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as it
+      painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+      details, through this Bag <i>Pisces</i>, and those that follow. A young
+      man of high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled
+      colt, "breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar
+      manger, into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced
+      in. Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden
+      pasture: either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or, in
+      mad exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer stone-walls,
+      which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame him; till at last,
+      after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by miracle, clears his
+      way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover, yet into a certain
+      bosky wilderness where existence is still possible, and Freedom, though
+      waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness. In a word, Teufelsdrockh
+      having thrown up his legal Profession, finds himself without landmark of
+      outward guidance; whereby his previous want of decided Belief, or inward
+      guidance, is frightfully aggravated. Necessity urges him on; Time will not
+      stop, neither can he, a Son of Time; wild passions without solacement,
+      wild faculties without employment, ever vex and agitate him. He too must
+      enact that stern Monodrama, <i>No Object and no Rest</i>; must front its
+      successive destinies, work through to its catastrophe, and deduce
+      therefrom what moral he can.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat nowise
+      easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off. If we look
+      at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital, as he emerges
+      from its Nameless University, we can discern well that it was far from
+      enviable. His first Law-Examination he has come through triumphantly; and
+      can even boast that the <i>Examen Rigorosum</i> need not have frightened
+      him: but though he is hereby "an <i>Auscultator</i> of respectability,"
+      what avails it? There is next to no employment to be had. Neither, for a
+      youth without connections, is the process of Expectation very hopeful in
+      itself; nor for one of his disposition much cheered from without. "My
+      fellow Auscultators," he says, "were Auscultators: they dressed, and
+      digested, and talked articulate words; other vitality showed they almost
+      none. Small speculation in those eyes, that they did glare withal! Sense
+      neither for the high nor for the deep, nor for aught human or divine, save
+      only for the faintest scent of coming Preferment." In which words,
+      indicating a total estrangement on the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not
+      also lurk traces of a bitterness as from wounded vanity? Doubtless these
+      prosaic Auscultators may have sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and
+      tried to hate, and what was much more impossible, to despise him. Friendly
+      communion, in any case, there could not be: already has the young
+      Teufelsdrockh left the other young geese; and swims apart, though as yet
+      uncertain whether he himself is cygnet or gosling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+      unpleasantly. "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of; but
+      is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only the
+      deeper-seated? So shy a man can never have been popular. We figure to
+      ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with his
+      independence, and so forth: do not his own words betoken as much? "Like a
+      very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not also with
+      Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been appointed to
+      struggle." Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+      Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+      slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined
+      to patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up as
+      "a man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+      protests. "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+      if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved on
+      it! But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing for a
+      gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust nothing
+      but the common copper."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+      contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward without
+      return, is not too clear from these Documents. Good old Gretchen seems to
+      have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other Horn of
+      Plenty, or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that "the prompt
+      nature of Hunger being well known," we are not without our anxiety. From
+      private Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences, the aid
+      derivable is small; neither, to use his own words, "does the young
+      Adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift; but at best
+      earns bread-and-water wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.
+      Nevertheless," continues he, "that I subsisted is clear, for you find me
+      even now alive." Which fact, however, except upon the principle of our
+      true-hearted, kind old Proverb, that "there is always life for a living
+      one," we must profess ourselves unable to explain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the mark
+      of Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+      independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way. Here also
+      occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps throw
+      light on his condition. The first has now no date, or writer's name, but a
+      huge Blot; and runs to this effect: "The (<i>Inkblot</i>), tied down by
+      previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the Herr
+      Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees himself
+      under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what were
+      otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a man of
+      genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting." The other is on gilt
+      paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now dead, yet
+      which once lived and beneficently worked. We give it in the original: "<i>Herr
+      Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN
+      THEE schonstens eingeladen</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+      urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+      quite fluid <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>! How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual
+      hand-grips with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these
+      Musical and Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited
+      to a feast of chickenweed, we can only conjecture. Perhaps in expressive
+      silence, and abstinence: otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast
+      at all, it cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens. For the
+      rest, as this Frau Grafinn dates from the <i>Zahdarm House</i>, she can be
+      no other than the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual
+      tendencies, and good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of Herr
+      Towgood, or on his own footing, are hereby manifest. That some sort of
+      relation, indeed, continued, for a time, to connect our Autobiographer,
+      though perhaps feebly enough, with this noble House, we have elsewhere
+      express evidence. Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it was in vain;
+      enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses of the great world,
+      from which we at one time fancied him to have been always excluded. "The
+      Zahdarms," says he, "lived in the soft, sumptuous garniture of
+      Aristocracy; whereto Literature and Art, attracted and attached from
+      without, were to serve as the handsomest fringing. It was to the <i>Gnadigen
+      Frau</i> (her Ladyship) that this latter improvement was due: assiduously
+      she gathered, dexterously she fitted on, what fringing was to be had; lace
+      or cobweb, as the place yielded." Was Teufelsdrockh also a fringe, of lace
+      or cobweb; or promising to be such? "With his <i>Excellenz</i> (the
+      Count)," continues he, "I have more than once had the honor to converse;
+      chiefly on general affairs, and the aspect of the world, which he, though
+      now past middle life, viewed in no unfavorable light; finding indeed,
+      except the Outrooting of Journalism (<i>die auszurottende Journalistik</i>),
+      little to desiderate therein. On some points, as his <i>Excellenz</i> was
+      not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant to keep silence. Besides, his
+      occupation being that of Owning Land, there might be faculties enough,
+      which, as superfluous for such use, were little developed in him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless, and
+      many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+      improvements, we can readily conjecture. With nothing but a barren
+      Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes
+      from within, his position was no easy one. "The Universe," he says, "was
+      as a mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede, or be
+      devoured. In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in the
+      blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought, unfolding
+      itself. A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew not the
+      solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only from
+      discords set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as victory
+      is only possible by battle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by not
+      unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human happiness,
+      could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under barrels, or
+      rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their lawful
+      studies and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the age of
+      twenty-five. With which suggestion, at least as considered in the light of
+      a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+      Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (<i>Madchen</i>)
+      are, to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+      gentlemen (<i>Bubchen</i>) do then attain their maximum of detestability.
+      Such gawks (<i>Gecken</i>) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with
+      such a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+      vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward. No mortal's
+      endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+      unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+      infinitely better, were it worthy of him. Life everywhere is the most
+      manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three: multiply
+      your second and third term together, divide the product by the first, and
+      your quotient will be the answer,&mdash;which you are but an ass if you
+      cannot come at. The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that, do
+      what one will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal
+      repeater, and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+      Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+      still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful, yet
+      still afflictive derangement of head? Alas, on the former side alone, his
+      case was hard enough. "It continues ever true," says he, "that Saturn, or
+      Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his Children: only by incessant
+      Running, by incessant Working, may you (for some threescore-and-ten years)
+      escape him; and you too he devours at last. Can any Sovereign, or Holy
+      Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time stand still; even in thought, shake
+      themselves free of Time? Our whole terrestrial being is based on Time, and
+      built of Time; it is wholly a Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author
+      of it, the material of it. Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to
+      work,&mdash;in the right direction. Are not our Bodies and our Souls in
+      continual movement, whether we will or not; in a continual Waste,
+      requiring a continual Repair? Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and
+      inward Wants were but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we
+      have done, is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do
+      anew. O Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk
+      us so deep in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments
+      can so much as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us! Me,
+      however, as a Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time
+      threatening to eat quite prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was no
+      good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet." That is
+      to say, we presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world, that
+      Teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to work,&mdash;in
+      the right direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby he became
+      wretched enough. As was natural: with haggard Scarcity threatening him in
+      the distance; and so vehement a soul languishing in restless inaction, and
+      forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by rust,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+      done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may we
+      not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor and
+      perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy itself?
+      Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too defensive;
+      not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack. "So far
+      hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was notable, if for
+      anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as my friends often
+      rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor of my feelings. I,
+      in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love and of fear. The
+      mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that has a sense for
+      the Godlike. Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed, and by half-strangers
+      hated, for my so-called Hardness (<i>Harte</i>), my Indifferentism towards
+      men; and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted, as my favorite dialect
+      in conversation. Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was but as a buckram case,
+      wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so my own poor Person might
+      live safe there, and in all friendliness, being no longer exasperated by
+      wounds. Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the Devil;
+      for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it. But how many
+      individuals did I, in those days, provoke into some degree of hostility
+      thereby! An ironic man, with his sly stillness, and ambuscading ways, more
+      especially an ironic young man, from whom it is least expected, may be
+      viewed as a pest to society. Have we not seen persons of weight and name
+      coming forward, with gentlest indifference, to tread such a one out of
+      sight, as an insignificancy and worm, start ceiling-high (<i>balkenhock</i>),
+      and thence fall shattered and supine, to be borne home on shutters, not
+      without indignation, when he proved electric and a torpedo!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for himself
+      in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too admits, is "to
+      unite yourself with some one, and with somewhat (<i>sich anzuschliessen</i>)"?
+      Division, not union, is written on most part of his procedure. Let us add
+      too that, in no great length of time, the only important connection he had
+      ever succeeded in forming, his connection with the Zahdarm Family, seems
+      to have been paralyzed, for all practical uses, by the death of the "not
+      uncholeric" old Count. This fact stands recorded, quite incidentally, in a
+      certain <i>Discourse on Epitaphs</i>, huddled into the present Bag, among
+      so much else; of which Essay the learning and curious penetration are more
+      to be approved of than the spirit. His grand principle is, that lapidary
+      inscriptions, of what sort soever, should be Historical rather than
+      Lyrical. "By request of that worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I
+      undertook to compose his Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules,
+      produced the following; which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity,
+      a defect never yet fully visible to myself, still remains unengraven;"&mdash;wherein,
+      we may predict, there is more than the Latinity that will surprise an
+      English reader:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [<i>sub dato</i>]; POSTREMUM [<i>sub dato</i>].
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0016" id="link2HCH0016">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. ROMANCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this
+      Egypt of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without
+      stubble, before ever the question once struck him with entire force: For
+      what?&mdash;<i>Beym Himmel</i>! For Food and Warmth! And are Food and
+      Warmth nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?&mdash;Come
+      of it what might, I resolved to try."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though perhaps
+      far from an improved one. Teufelsdrockh is now a man without Profession.
+      Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers, where indeed his
+      leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he desperately steers off,
+      on a course of his own, by sextant and compass of his own. Unhappy
+      Teufelsdrockh! Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic, nor Commodores pleased
+      thee, still was it not <i>a Fleet</i>, sailing in prescribed track, for
+      fixed objects; above all, in combination, wherein, by mutual guidance, by
+      all manner of loans and borrowings, each could manifoldly aid the other?
+      How wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for thyself find that shorter
+      Northwest Passage to thy fair Spice-country of a Nowhere?&mdash;A solitary
+      rover, on such a voyage, with such nautical tactics, will meet with
+      adventures. Nay, as we forthwith discover, a certain Calypso-Island
+      detains him at the very outset; and as it were falsifies and oversets his
+      whole reckoning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling,
+      and everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young Man
+      does this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the Young
+      Maiden. Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it has been so
+      appointed. On the whole, as I have often said, a Person (<i>Personlichkeit</i>)
+      is ever holy to us; a certain orthodox Anthropomorphism connects my <i>Me</i>
+      with all <i>Thees</i> in bonds of Love: but it is in this approximation of
+      the Like and Unlike, that such heavenly attraction, as between Negative
+      and Positive, first burns out into a flame. Is the pitifullest mortal
+      Person, think you, indifferent to us? Is it not rather our heartfelt wish
+      to be made one with him; to unite him to us, by gratitude, by admiration,
+      even by fear; or failing all these, unite ourselves to him? But how much
+      more, in this case of the Like-Unlike! Here is conceded us the higher
+      mystic possibility of such a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the
+      conducting medium of Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the
+      universal Spiritual Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman,
+      we first emphatically denominate LOVE.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already
+      blooms a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor,
+      in the stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a Tree
+      of Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting. Perhaps
+      too the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming Sword divide
+      it from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the imaginative stripling,
+      only the view, not the entrance. Happy season of virtuous youth, when
+      shame is still an impassable celestial barrier; and the sacred air-cities
+      of Hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets of Reality; and man, by
+      his nature, is yet infinite and free!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+      himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+      more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+      feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+      unspeakable. A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+      women were holy, were heavenly. As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+      their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on the
+      outskirts of <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>: all of air they were, all Soul and
+      Form; so lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the
+      invisible Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven. That
+      he, our poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls (<i>Holden</i>)&mdash;<i>Ach
+      Gott</i>! how could he hope it; should he not have died under it? There
+      was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as the
+      vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of true
+      Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he went;
+      and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet it was
+      by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them. But now, if on
+      a soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated into
+      tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind eyes,
+      saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle him,&mdash;good
+      Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming fire were
+      probably kindled!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+      explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+      indeed how could it fail? A nature, which, in his own figurative style, we
+      might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability; with
+      so much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the whole
+      lying in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace of
+      Fantasy:" have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready, on
+      occasion of the smallest spark, to blaze up? Neither, in this our
+      Life-element, are sparks anywhere wanting. Without doubt, some Angel,
+      whereof so many hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts of <i>AEsthetic
+      Tea</i>," flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance, kindle no
+      despicable firework. Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework, and flamed off
+      rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor, each growing
+      naturally from the other, through the several stages of a happy Youthful
+      Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young soul relieved
+      with little damage! Happy, if it did not rather prove a Conflagration and
+      mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself; nay perhaps bursting
+      the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best, bursting the thin
+      walls of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage thenceforth all
+      unchecked among the contiguous combustibles (which were Madness): till of
+      the so fair and manifold internal world of our Diogenes, there remained
+      Nothing, or only the "crater of an extinct volcano"!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From multifarious Documents in this Bag <i>Capricornus</i>, and in the
+      adjacent ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our
+      philosopher, as stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and even
+      frantically in Love: here therefore may our old doubts whether his heart
+      were of stone or of flesh give way. He loved once; not wisely but too
+      well. And once only: for as your Congreve needs a new case or wrappage for
+      every new rocket, so each human heart can properly exhibit but one Love,
+      if even one; the "First Love which is infinite" can be followed by no
+      second like unto it. In more recent years, accordingly, the Editor of
+      these Sheets was led to regard Teufelsdrockh as a man not only who would
+      never wed, but who would never even flirt; whom the grand-climacteric
+      itself, and <i>St. Martin's Summer</i> of incipient Dotage, would crown
+      with no new myrtle-garland. To the Professor, women are henceforth Pieces
+      of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed, which celestial pieces he glories to
+      survey in galleries, but has lost thought of purchasing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh
+      in this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what
+      specialties of successive configuration, splendor and color, his Firework
+      blazes off. Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can meet with
+      here. From amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy, with their mad
+      Petrarchan and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among all sorts of
+      quite extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name can be
+      deciphered. For, without doubt, the title <i>Blumine</i>, whereby she is
+      here designated, and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be
+      fictitious. Was her real name Flora, then? But what was her surname, or
+      had she none? Of what station in Life was she; of what parentage, fortune,
+      aspect? Specially, by what Pre-established Harmony of occurrences did the
+      Lover and the Loved meet one another in so wide a world; how did they
+      behave in such meeting? To all which questions, not unessential in a
+      Biographic work, mere Conjecture must for most part return answer. "It was
+      appointed," says our Philosopher, "that the high celestial orbit of
+      Blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our Forlorn; that he,
+      looking in her empyrean eyes, should fancy the upper Sphere of Light was
+      come down into this nether sphere of Shadows; and finding himself
+      mistaken, make noise enough."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some
+      one's Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+      insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+      relatives. But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle? Was it by the
+      humid vehicle of <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>, or by the arid one of mere
+      Business? Was it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who,
+      as an ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation,
+      especially for young cynical Nondescripts? To all appearance, it was
+      chiefly by Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever
+      saw thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in his
+      pocket the last <i>Relatio ex Actis</i> he would ever write, but must have
+      paused to wonder! Noble Mansion! There stoodest thou, in deep Mountain
+      Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude; stately,
+      massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams, like a palace
+      of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal. Beautiful rose up, in wavy
+      curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest was their
+      sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted by some
+      spreading solitary Tree and its shadow. To the unconscious Wayfarer thou
+      wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste; where, for joy and
+      woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written. Well might he pause and gaze;
+      in that glance of his were prophecy and nameless forebodings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed
+      in his <i>Relatio ex Actis</i>; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and
+      so, instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home, is
+      ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames and
+      cavaliers: if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+      conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and pure
+      voices making the stillness live." Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+      Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+      "Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors of
+      thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+      wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+      velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain peaks:
+      so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy
+      creatures: it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT in the
+      bosom-vesture of Summer herself. How came it that the Wanderer advanced
+      thither with such forecasting heart (<i>ahndungsvoll</i>), by the side of
+      his gay host? Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard bosom
+      ought to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try him; to
+      mock him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+      name to&mdash;Blumine! Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced
+      Blumine, there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights. Noblest
+      maiden! whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at,
+      for the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+      heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices: from all which vague
+      colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+      our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+      blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+      Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+      naphtha-fire. Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet so
+      stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and sunlight
+      played over earnest deeps: but all this he had seen only as a magic
+      vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality. Her sphere was too
+      far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how should they
+      so much as once meet together? And now that Rose-goddess sits in the same
+      circle with him; the light of <i>her</i> eyes has smiled on him; if he
+      speak, she will hear it! Nay, who knows, since the heavenly Sun looks into
+      lowest valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime noted the so
+      unnotable; perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had from hers,
+      gathered wonder, gathered favor for him? Was the attraction, the agitation
+      mutual, then; pole and pole trembling towards contact, when once brought
+      into neighborhood? Say rather, heart swelling in presence of the Queen of
+      Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once near its Moon! With the Wanderer
+      it was even so: as in heavenward gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of
+      a Seraph's wand, his whole soul is roused from its deepest recesses; and
+      all that was painful and that was blissful there, dim images, vague
+      feelings of a whole Past and a whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies
+      within him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk forcibly
+      together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of what sort
+      soever, in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming Stolidity. How
+      was it, then, that here, when trembling to the core of his heart, he did
+      not sink into swoons, but rose into strength, into fearlessness and
+      clearness? It was his guiding Genius (<i>Damon</i>) that inspired him; he
+      must go forth and meet his Destiny. Show thyself now, whispered it, or be
+      forever hid. Thus sometimes it is even when your anxiety becomes
+      transcendental, that the soul first feels herself able to transcend it;
+      that she rises above it, in fiery victory; and borne on new-found wings of
+      victory, moves so calmly, even because so rapidly, so irresistibly. Always
+      must the Wanderer remember, with a certain satisfaction and surprise, how
+      in this case he sat not silent but struck adroitly into the stream of
+      conversation; which thenceforth, to speak with an apparent not a real
+      vanity, he may say that he continued to lead. Surely, in those hours, a
+      certain inspiration was imparted him, such inspiration as is still
+      possible in our late era. The self-secluded unfolds himself in noble
+      thoughts, in free, glowing words; his soul is as one sea of light, the
+      peculiar home of Truth and Intellect; wherein also Fantasy bodies forth
+      form after form, radiant with all prismatic hues."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+      "Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+      pouring forth Philistinism (<i>Philistriositaten</i>.); little witting
+      what hero was here entering to demolish him! We omit the series of
+      Socratic, or rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby
+      the monster, "persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn
+      for the night. "Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the
+      discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most: but what were all
+      applauses to the glad smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh,
+      wherewith Blumine herself repaid the victor? He ventured to address her
+      she answered with attention: nay what if there were a slight tremor in
+      that silver voice; what if the red glow of evening were hiding a transient
+      blush!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+      another: it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with full
+      freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man. Gayly in light,
+      graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for the
+      burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which are
+      indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the poor
+      claims of <i>Me</i> and <i>Thee</i>, no longer parted by rigid fences, now
+      flowed softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious, many-tinted,
+      like some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner of which were Love
+      only. Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind environment of place
+      and time. And yet as the light grew more aerial on the mountaintops, and
+      the shadows fell longer over the valley, some faint tone of sadness may
+      have breathed through the heart; and, in whispers more or less audible,
+      reminded every one that as this bright day was drawing towards its close,
+      so likewise must the Day of Man's Existence decline into dust and
+      darkness; and with all its sick toilings, and joyful and mournful noises,
+      sink in the still Eternity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy: the words
+      from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass; all
+      better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us to be
+      here. At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his: in the balmy twilight,
+      with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting again, which
+      was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small soft fingers, and it
+      seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily withdrawn."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit: the Queen
+      of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and there, by
+      art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound and spell-bound thee.
+      "Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he elsewhere; "yet has it many
+      points in common therewith. I call it rather a discerning of the Infinite
+      in the Finite, of the Idea made Real; which discerning again may be either
+      true or false, either seraphic or demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity. But
+      in the former case too, as in common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds
+      itself to sight; on the so petty domain of the Actual plants its
+      Archimedes-lever, whereby to move at will the infinite Spiritual. Fantasy
+      I might call the true Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man: his sensuous life
+      is but the small temporary stage (<i>Zeitbuhne</i>), whereon
+      thick-streaming influences from both these far yet near regions meet
+      visibly, and act tragedy and melodrama. Sense can support herself
+      handsomely, in most countries, for some eighteenpence a day; but for
+      Fantasy planets and solar-systems will not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus
+      conquering the world, yet drinking no better red wine than he had before."
+      Alas! witness also your Diogenes, flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven,
+      and verging towards Insanity, for prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if
+      the Earth held but one and not several of these!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says that, in Town, they met again: "day after day, like his heart's
+      sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him. Ah! a little while ago, and he was
+      yet in all darkness: him what Graceful (<i>Holde</i>) would ever love?
+      Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe in
+      himself. Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses; solitary
+      from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself, with a sad
+      indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of existence. And
+      now, O now! 'She looks on thee,' cried he: 'she the fairest, noblest; do
+      not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised? The
+      Heaven's-Messenger! All Heaven's blessings be hers!' Thus did soft
+      melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude; sweetest
+      intimations that he also was a man, that for him also unutterable joys had
+      been provided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears,
+      and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music: such was the
+      element they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by
+      this fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and
+      the new Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him. Fairest Blumine! And, even
+      as a Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate! Was
+      there so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with? Was
+      she not to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring
+      with it airs from Heaven? As from AEolian Harps in the breath of dawn, as
+      from the Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora, unearthly
+      music was around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest. Pale Doubt
+      fled away to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and hope. The
+      past, then, was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden of Eden,
+      then, and could not discern it! But lo now! the black walls of his prison
+      melt away; the captive is alive, is free. If he loved his Disenchantress?
+      <i>Ach Gott</i>! His whole heart and soul and life were hers, but never
+      had he named it Love: existence was all a Feeling, not yet shaped into a
+      Thought."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+      neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can
+      abide by Feeling alone. The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in her
+      soft, fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest of
+      Necessity, to cut asunder these so blissful bonds." He even appears
+      surprised at the "Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose
+      meagre hunger-bitten philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from
+      the first, faintly approved of." We, even at such distance, can explain it
+      without necromancy. Let the Philosopher answer this one question: What
+      figure, at that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in
+      polished society? Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig, or
+      even a simple iron-spring one? Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator," before
+      whom lies no prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion of young
+      hearts" keep the human kitchen warm? Pshaw! thy divine Blumine, when she
+      "resigned herself to wed some richer," shows more philosophy, though but
+      "a woman of genius," than thou, a pretended man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+      royal splendor it waxes, and rises. Let no one ask us to unfold the
+      glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+      instantaneous dissolution. How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+      madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+      delineation be organized? Besides, of what profit were it? We view, with a
+      lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and shoot
+      upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous star:
+      but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural elasticity, or
+      accident of fire, it has exploded? A hapless air-navigator, plunging, amid
+      torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused wreck, fast enough into the jaws
+      of the Devil! Suffice it to know that Teufelsdrockh rose into the highest
+      regions of the Empyrean, by a natural parabolic track, and returned thence
+      in a quick perpendicular one. For the rest, let any feeling reader, who
+      has been unhappy enough to do the like, paint it out for himself:
+      considering only that if he, for his perhaps comparatively insignificant
+      mistress, underwent such agonies and frenzies, what must Teufelsdrockh's
+      have been, with a fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine! We glance
+      merely at the final scene:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the fair
+      creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping. Alas, no
+      longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that the
+      Doomsday had dawned! She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to meet no
+      more." The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to himself in this
+      dread hour: but what avails it? We omit the passionate expostulations,
+      entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not even an explanation
+      was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe. "'Farewell, then, Madam!'
+      said he, not without sternness, for his stung pride helped him. She put
+      her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears started to her eyes; in
+      wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom; their lips were joined, their
+      two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into one,&mdash;for the first time
+      and for the last!" Thus was Teufelsdrockh made immortal by a kiss. And
+      then? Why, then&mdash;"thick curtains of Night rushed over his soul, as
+      rose the immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the ruins as of a
+      shivered Universe was he falling, falling, towards the Abyss."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0017" id="link2HCH0017">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must often
+      be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex, intricate
+      a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and emitting, such
+      as the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on no grand occasion
+      and convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the woe-storm could you
+      predict his demeanor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the
+      so passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe" in
+      this extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can next do:
+      Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or blow out his
+      brains. In the progress towards any of which consummations, do not such
+      readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating, brow-beating
+      (against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like, stampings,
+      smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him. He quietly lifts his <i>Pilgerstab</i>
+      (Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and begins a
+      perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe! Curious it
+      is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such intensity of
+      feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of Exaggeration in
+      speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his, that stoicism in
+      external procedure. Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in this matter of the
+      Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and Dissolution of Nature,
+      in which light doubtless it partly appeared to himself, his own nature is
+      nowise dissolved thereby; but rather is compressed closer. For once, as we
+      might say, a Blumine by magic appliances has unlocked that shut heart of
+      his, and its hidden things rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii
+      enfranchised from their glass vial: but no sooner are your magic
+      appliances withdrawn, than the strange casket of a heart springs to again;
+      and perhaps there is now no key extant that will open it; for a
+      Teufelsdrockh as we remarked, will not love a second time. Singular
+      Diogenes! No sooner has that heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place,
+      than he affects to regard it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing
+      more to be said. "One highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an
+      Angel, had recalled him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life: but a
+      gleam of Tophet passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in
+      whirlwinds, and heard the laughter of Demons. It was a Calenture," adds
+      he, "whereby the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste
+      Ocean-waters: a lying vision, yet not wholly a lie, for <i>he</i> saw it."
+      But what things soever passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what
+      ragings and despairings soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he
+      has the goodness to conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence. We know
+      it well; the first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his
+      dismembered philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek,
+      silent, or spoke of the weather and the Journals: only by a transient
+      knitting of those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing
+      one knew not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,&mdash;might you
+      have guessed what a Gehenna was within: that a whole Satanic School were
+      spouting, though inaudibly, there. To consume your own choler, as some
+      chimneys consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting,
+      if it must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one
+      of the commonest in these times.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange measure
+      he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof indeed the
+      actual condition of these Documents in <i>Capricornus</i> and <i>Aquarius
+      is</i> no bad emblem. His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome enough, are
+      without assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest seems his sole
+      guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of the Prophet had fallen
+      on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel." Doubtless, too, the chaotic
+      nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our obscurity. Quite without note of
+      preparation, for example, we come upon the following slip: "A peculiar
+      feeling it is that will rise in the Traveller, when turning some
+      hill-range in his desert road, he descries lying far below, embosomed
+      among its groves and green natural bulwarks, and all diminished to a
+      toy-box, the fair Town, where so many souls, as it were seen and yet
+      unseen, are driving their multifarious traffic. Its white steeple is then
+      truly a starward-pointing finger; the canopy of blue smoke seems like a
+      sort of Lifebreath: for always, of its own unity, the soul gives unity to
+      whatsoever it looks on with love; thus does the little Dwelling-place of
+      men, in itself a congeries of houses and huts, become for us an
+      individual, almost a person. But what thousand other thoughts unite
+      thereto, if the place has to ourselves been the arena of joyous or
+      mournful experiences; if perhaps the cradle we were rocked in still stands
+      there, if our Loving ones still dwell there, if our Buried ones there
+      slumber!" Does Teufelsdrockh as the wounded eagle is said to make for its
+      own eyrie, and indeed military deserters, and all hunted outcast
+      creatures, turn as if by instinct in the direction of their birthland,&mdash;fly
+      first, in this extremity, towards his native Entepfuhl; but reflecting
+      that there no help awaits him, take only one wistful look from the
+      distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Little happier seems to be his next flight: into the wilds of Nature; as
+      if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing. So at least we incline to
+      interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+      considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+      combined majesty and grace as here. The rocks are of that sort called
+      Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in masses
+      of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however, is here
+      tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of environment: in a
+      climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff, itself covered with
+      lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage or verdure; and white,
+      bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round the everlasting granite. In
+      fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with Grandeur: you ride through stony
+      hollows, along strait passes, traversed by torrents, overhung by high
+      walls of rock; now winding amid broken shaggy chasms, and huge fragments;
+      now suddenly emerging into some emerald valley, where the streamlet
+      collects itself into a Lake, and man has again found a fair dwelling, and
+      it seems as if Peace had established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time not
+      pretend: still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+      Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing. Reasonably might the
+      Wanderer exclaim to himself: Are not the gates of this world's happiness
+      inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not mad?
+      Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original Greek if
+      that suit thee better: 'Whoso can look on Death will start at no shadows.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for
+      now the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain mass,
+      the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on
+      horseback. Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening
+      sunset light; and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments
+      there. An upland irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex
+      branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every
+      quarter of the sky. The mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and folded
+      together: only the loftier summits look down here and there as on a second
+      plain; lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude. No trace of man
+      now visible; unless indeed it were he who fashioned that little visible
+      link of Highway, here, as would seem, scaling the inaccessible, to unite
+      Province with Province. But sunwards, lo you! how it towers sheer up, a
+      world of Mountains, the diadem and centre of the mountain region! A
+      hundred and a hundred savage peaks, in the last light of Day; all glowing,
+      of gold and amethyst, like giant spirits of the wilderness; there in their
+      silence, in their solitude, even as on the night when Noah's Deluge first
+      dried! Beautiful, nay solemn, was the sudden aspect to our Wanderer. He
+      gazed over those stupendous masses with wonder, almost with longing
+      desire; never till this hour had he known Nature, that she was One, that
+      she was his Mother and divine. And as the ruddy glow was fading into
+      clearness in the sky, and the Sun had now departed, a murmur of Eternity
+      and Immensity, of Death and of Life, stole through his soul; and he felt
+      as if Death and Life were one, as if the Earth were not dead, as if the
+      Spirit of the Earth had its throne in that splendor, and his own spirit
+      were therewith holding communion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels. Emerging from the
+      hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+      Barouche-and-four: it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+      favors: that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their marriage
+      evening! Few moments brought them near: <i>Du Himmel</i>! It was Herr
+      Towgood and&mdash;Blumine! With slight unrecognizing salutation they
+      passed me; plunged down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to Heaven,
+      and to England; and I, in my friend Richter's words, <i>I remained alone,
+      behind them, with the Night</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to
+      insert an observation, gleaned long ago from the great <i>Clothes-Volume</i>,
+      where it stands with quite other intent: "Some time before Small-pox was
+      extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of the spiritual
+      sort on Europe: I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of View-hunting. Poets
+      of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also enjoyed external
+      Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which holds good or bad
+      liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with slight incidental
+      commentary: never, as I compute, till after the <i>Sorrows of Werter</i>,
+      was there man found who would say: Come let us make a Description! Having
+      drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass! Of which endemic the Jenner
+      is unhappily still to seek." Too true!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings, so
+      far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear insight,
+      here first take their permanent character, fatuous or not. That
+      Basilisk-glance of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up what
+      little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him: Life has become
+      wholly a dark labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend, flying
+      from spectres, has to stumble about at random, and naturally with more
+      haste than progress.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+      extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which, were
+      clear record possible, would fill volumes. Hopeless is the obscurity,
+      unspeakable the confusion. He glides from country to country, from
+      condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can calculate
+      how or where. Through all quarters of the world he wanders, and apparently
+      through all circles of society. If in any scene, perhaps difficult to fix
+      geographically, he settles for a time, and forms connections, be sure he
+      will snap them abruptly asunder. Let him sink out of sight as Private
+      Scholar (<i>Privatsirender</i>), living by the grace of God in some
+      European capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the neighborhood of
+      Mecca. It is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious, quick-changing;
+      as if our Traveller, instead of limbs and highways, had transported
+      himself by some wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat. The whole, too,
+      imparted emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that collection of
+      Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct historical notice
+      sparingly interspersed: little light-islets in the world of haze! So that,
+      from this point, the Professor is more of an enigma than ever. In
+      figurative language, we might say he becomes, not indeed a spirit, yet
+      spiritualized, vaporized. Fact unparalleled in Biography: The river of his
+      History, which we have traced from its tiniest fountains, and hoped to see
+      flow onward, with increasing current, into the ocean, here dashes itself
+      over that terrific Lover's Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract, flies
+      wholly into tumultuous clouds of spray! Low down it indeed collects again
+      into pools and plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with difficulty,
+      if at all, into a general stream. To cast a glance into certain of those
+      pools and plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a chapter or two,
+      form the limit of our endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can be
+      met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs much,
+      which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit. Teufelsdrockh
+      vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest levels, comes into
+      contact with public History itself. For example, those conversations and
+      relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan Mahmoud, the Emperor
+      Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather of a diplomatic character
+      than of a biographic? The Editor, appreciating the sacredness of crowned
+      heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible trickeries of a
+      Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the present; a new time
+      may bring new insight and a different duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was none,
+      yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of mind, the
+      Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,&mdash;the answer
+      is more distinct than favorable. "A nameless Unrest," says he, "urged me
+      forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying solace.
+      Whither should I go? My Loadstars were blotted out; in that canopy of grim
+      fire shone no star. Yet forward must I; the ground burnt under me; there
+      was no rest for the sole of my foot. I was alone, alone! Ever too the
+      strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself: towards these, one
+      after the other, must I fruitlessly wander. A feeling I had, that for my
+      fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing Fountain. To many
+      fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these days, did I pilgrim;
+      to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events: but found there no
+      healing. In strange countries, as in the well-known; in savage deserts, as
+      in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever the same: how could your
+      Wanderer escape from&mdash;<i>his own Shadow</i>? Nevertheless still
+      Forward! I felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not what. From the
+      depths of my own heart, it called to me, Forwards! The winds and the
+      streams, and all Nature sounded to me, Forwards! <i>Ach Gott</i>, I was
+      even, once for all, a Son of Time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+      active enough? He says elsewhere: "The <i>Enchiridion of Epictetus</i> I
+      had ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to
+      mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling." Thou foolish
+      Teufelsdrockh How could it else? Hadst thou not Greek enough to understand
+      thus much: <i>The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought</i>, though
+      it were the noblest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How I lived?" writes he once: "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+      all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds the
+      sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man? While thou stirrest
+      and livest, thou hast a probability of victual. My breakfast of tea has
+      been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped her
+      earthen kettle with a horse-tail. I have roasted wild eggs in the sand of
+      Sahara; I have awakened in Paris <i>Estrapades</i> and Vienna <i>Malzleins</i>,
+      with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid. That I had my
+      Living to seek saved me from Dying,&mdash;by suicide. In our busy Europe,
+      is there not an everlasting demand for Intellect, in the chemical,
+      mechanical, political, religious, educational, commercial departments? In
+      Pagan countries, cannot one write Fetishes? Living! Little knowest thou
+      what alchemy is in an inventive Soul; how, as with its little finger, it
+      can create provision enough for the body (of a Philosopher); and then, as
+      with both hands, create quite other than provision; namely, spectres to
+      torment itself withal."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Poor Teufelsdrockh! Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a whole
+      Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+      comparatively a friend's! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain, or
+      of the modern Wandering Jew,&mdash;save only that he feels himself not
+      guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt,&mdash;wend to and fro with
+      aimless speed. Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by
+      footprints), write his <i>Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh</i>; even as the great
+      Goethe, in passionate words, had to write his <i>Sorrows of Werter</i>,
+      before the spirit freed herself, and he could become a Man. Vain truly is
+      the hope of your swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!
+      Nevertheless, in these sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries
+      himself (about the age of twenty) in a world such as ours, richer than
+      usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown obsolete,&mdash;what
+      can the fool think but that it is all a Den of Lies, wherein whoso will
+      not speak Lies and act Lies, must stand idle and despair? Whereby it
+      happens that, for your nobler minds, the publishing of some such Work of
+      Art, in one or the other dialect, becomes almost a necessity. For what is
+      it properly but an Altercation with the Devil, before you begin honestly
+      Fighting him? Your Byron publishes his <i>Sorrows of Lord George</i>, in
+      verse and in prose, and copiously otherwise: your Bonaparte represents his
+      <i>Sorrows of Napoleon</i> Opera, in an all-too stupendous style; with
+      music of cannon-volleys, and murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights
+      are the fires of Conflagration; his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of
+      embattled Hosts and the sound of falling Cities.&mdash;Happier is he who,
+      like our Clothes-Philosopher, can write such matter, since it must be
+      written, on the insensible Earth, with his shoe-soles only; and also
+      survive the writing thereof!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0018" id="link2HCH0018">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+      shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+      progressive, and growing: for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+      stand still? We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of crisis,
+      of transition: his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution into aimless
+      Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation; wherefrom the
+      fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve itself?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such transitions are ever full of pain: thus the Eagle when he moults is
+      sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one
+      upon rocks. What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts and
+      motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of anarchy and
+      misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out: as, indeed, how
+      could there be other? Have we not seen him disappointed, bemocked of
+      Destiny, through long years? All that the young heart might desire and
+      pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance, offered and
+      then snatched away. Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of useful,
+      reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger, nothing
+      granted: till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must forcibly seize
+      for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable. Alas, his cup of
+      bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever since that first
+      "ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at the very lip; and
+      then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine business, it runs
+      over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He himself says once, with more justness than originality: "Men is,
+      properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+      this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope." What, then, was our
+      Professor's possession? We see him, for the present, quite shut out from
+      Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round into a dim
+      copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of! For, as
+      he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost all tidings of
+      another and higher. Full of religion, or at least of religiosity, as our
+      Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not that, in those days, he
+      was wholly irreligious: "Doubt had darkened into Unbelief," says he;
+      "shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till you have the fixed,
+      starless, Tartarean black." To such readers as have reflected, what can be
+      called reflecting, on man's life, and happily discovered, in contradiction
+      to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy, speculative and practical, that Soul
+      is not synonymous with Stomach; who understand, therefore, in our Friend's
+      words, "that, for man's well-being, Faith is properly the one thing
+      needful; how, with it, Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the
+      shame and the cross; and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick
+      existence, by suicide, in the midst of luxury:" to such it will be clear
+      that, for a pure moral nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the
+      loss of everything. Unhappy young man! All wounds, the crush of
+      long-continued Destitution, the stab of false Friendship and of false
+      Love, all wounds in thy so genial heart, would have healed again, had not
+      its life-warmth been withdrawn. Well might he exclaim, in his wild way:
+      "Is there no God, then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever
+      since the first Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and <i>see</i>ing
+      it go? Has the word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine
+      Messenger and Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and
+      Fear, of emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's
+      Celestial-Bed? Happiness of an approving Conscience! Did not Paul of
+      Tarsus, whom admiring men have since named Saint, feel that <i>he</i> was
+      'the chief of sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (<i>wohlgemuth</i>),
+      spend much of his time in fiddling? Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder,
+      who in thy Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself,
+      and wouldst fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,&mdash;I
+      tell thee, Nay! To the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is
+      ever the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of
+      Virtue, that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of
+      injustice. What then? Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some
+      Passion; some bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others <i>profit</i>
+      by? I know not: only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness be our
+      true aim, then are we all astray. With Stupidity and sound Digestion man
+      may front much. But what, in these dull unimaginative days, are the
+      terrors of Conscience to the diseases of the Liver! Not on Morality, but
+      on Cookery, let us build our stronghold: there brandishing our frying-pan,
+      as censer, let us offer sweet incense to the Devil, and live at ease on
+      the fat things he has provided for his Elect!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done, shouting
+      question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and receive no
+      Answer but an Echo. It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair world of his;
+      wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the shrieks of
+      despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day, and no Pillar
+      of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim. To such length has the
+      spirit of Inquiry carried him. "But what boots it (<i>was thut's</i>)?"
+      cries he: "it is but the common lot in this era. Not having come to
+      spiritual majority prior to the <i>Siecle de Louis Quinze</i>, and not
+      being born purely a Loghead (<i>Dummkopf</i> ), thou hadst no other
+      outlook. The whole world is, like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old
+      Temples of the Godhead, which for long have not been rain-proof, crumble
+      down; and men ask now: Where is the Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our
+      Diogenes wicked. Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era of
+      his life was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant of
+      God, than even now when doubting God's existence. "One circumstance I
+      note," says he: "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for me,
+      what it is not always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me! I
+      nevertheless still loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance to
+      her. 'Truth!' I cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following her: no
+      Falsehood! though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of
+      Apostasy.' In conduct it was the same. Had a divine Messenger from the
+      clouds, or miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed to
+      me <i>This thou shalt do</i>, with what passionate readiness, as I often
+      thought, would I have done it, had it been leaping into the infernal Fire.
+      Thus, in spite of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical Profit-and-Loss
+      Philosophies, with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination they had brought
+      on, was the Infinite nature of Duty still dimly present to me: living
+      without God in the world, of God's light I was not utterly bereft; if my
+      as yet sealed eyes, with their unspeakable longing, could nowhere see Him,
+      nevertheless in my heart He was present, and His heaven-written Law still
+      stood legible and sacred there."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+      destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+      "The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness (<i>Unkraft</i>);
+      ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true misery. And yet
+      of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling, save by what you
+      have prospered in, by what you have done. Between vague wavering
+      Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a difference! A certain
+      inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly in us; which only our Works
+      can render articulate and decisively discernible. Our Works are the mirror
+      wherein the spirit first sees its natural lineaments. Hence, too, the
+      folly of that impossible Precept, <i>Know thyself</i>; till it be
+      translated into this partially possible one, <i>Know what thou canst work
+      at</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+      Workings amounted as yet simply to&mdash;Nothing. How then could I believe
+      in my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in? Ever did
+      this agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain
+      to me insoluble: Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even
+      as the most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern
+      times? Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could I
+      believe? Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+      Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly
+      belied? The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:
+      neither in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but
+      been everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out. A feeble
+      unit in the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing
+      given me but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness. Invisible yet
+      impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living: was
+      there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to mine?
+      O Heaven, No, there was none! I kept a lock upon my lips: why should I
+      speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends, in whose
+      withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an incredible
+      tradition? In such cases, your resource is to talk little, and that little
+      mostly from the Newspapers. Now when I look back, it was a strange
+      isolation I then lived in. The men and women around me, even speaking with
+      me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that they were alive,
+      that they were not merely automatic. In the midst of their crowded streets
+      and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as it was my own heart,
+      not another's, that I kept devouring) savage also, as the tiger in his
+      jungle. Some comfort it would have been, could I, like a Faust, have
+      fancied myself tempted and tormented of the Devil; for a Hell, as I
+      imagine, without Life, though only diabolic Life, were more frightful: but
+      in our age of Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very Devil has been pulled
+      down, you cannot so much as believe in a Devil. To me the Universe was all
+      void of Life, of Purpose, of Volition, even of Hostility: it was one huge,
+      dead, immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling on, in its dead indifference, to
+      grind me limb from limb. Oh, the vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill
+      of Death! Why was the Living banished thither companionless, conscious?
+      Why, if there is no Devil; nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the worst
+      aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh
+      threaten to fail? We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in spite
+      of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort. Hear this,
+      for example: "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper! Quite
+      another thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of your
+      Intellect, as it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no pure ray
+      can enter; a whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul drowning
+      slowly in quagmires of Disgust!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not find
+      in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+      significance enough? "From Suicide a certain after-shine (<i>Nachschein</i>)
+      of Christianity withheld me: perhaps also a certain indolence of
+      character; for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?
+      Often, however, was there a question present to me: Should some one now,
+      at the turning of that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the
+      other World, or other No-world, by pistol-shot,&mdash;how were it? On
+      which ground, too, I have often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other
+      death-scenes, exhibited an imperturbability, which passed, falsely enough,
+      for courage."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in
+      bitter protracted Death-agony, through long years. The heart within me,
+      unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous,
+      slow-consuming fire. Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear; or
+      once only when I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song, that
+      wild <i>Selig der den er im Siegesglanze findet</i> (Happy whom <i>he</i>
+      finds in Battle's splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even I
+      was not forsaken, that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die. Having
+      no hope, neither had I any definite fear, were it of Man or of Devil: nay,
+      I often felt as if it might be solacing, could the Arch-Devil himself,
+      though in Tartarean terrors, but rise to me, that I might tell him a
+      little of my mind. And yet, strangely enough, I lived in a continual,
+      indefinite, pining fear; tremulous, pusillanimous, apprehensive of I knew
+      not what: it seemed as if all things in the Heavens above and the Earth
+      beneath would hurt me; as if the Heavens and the Earth were but boundless
+      jaws of a devouring monster, wherein I, palpitating, waited to be
+      devoured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+      Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+      toiling along the dirty little <i>Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer</i>, among
+      civic rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot as
+      Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little
+      cheered; when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked
+      myself: 'What <i>art</i> thou afraid of? Wherefore, like a coward, dost
+      thou forever pip and whimper, and go cowering and trembling? Despicable
+      biped! what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee? Death?
+      Well, Death; and say the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and
+      Man may, will or can do against thee! Hast thou not a heart; canst thou
+      not suffer whatsoever it be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast,
+      trample Tophet itself under thy feet, while it consumes thee? Let it come,
+      then; I will meet it and defy it!' And as I so thought, there rushed like
+      a stream of fire over my whole soul; and I shook base Fear away from me
+      forever. I was strong, of unknown strength; a spirit, almost a god. Ever
+      from that time, the temper of my misery was changed: not Fear or whining
+      Sorrow was it, but Indignation and grim fire-eyed Defiance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (<i>das ewige Nein</i>) pealed
+      authoritatively through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then
+      was it that my whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with
+      emphasis recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most important
+      transaction in Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a
+      psychological point of view, be fitly called. The Everlasting No had said:
+      'Behold, thou art fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the
+      Devil's);' to which my whole Me now made answer: '<i>I</i> am not thine,
+      but Free, and forever hate thee!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth, or
+      Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a Man."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0019" id="link2HCH0019">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer
+      signifies that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation and
+      Defiance," especially against things in general, are not the most
+      peaceable inmates; yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no longer
+      a quite hopeless Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed centre to
+      revolve round. For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and
+      thunder-riven, here feels its own Freedom, which feeling is its Baphometic
+      Baptism: the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault,
+      and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions,
+      not indeed without hard battling, will doubtless by degrees be conquered
+      and pacificated. Under another figure, we might say, if in that great
+      moment, in the <i>Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer</i>, the old inward Satanic
+      School was not yet thrown out of doors, it received peremptory judicial
+      notice to quit;&mdash;whereby, for the rest, its howl-chantings,
+      Ernulphus-cursings, and rebellious gnashings of teeth, might, in the mean
+      while, become only the more tumultuous, and difficult to keep secret.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+      discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness. Not
+      wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world; at
+      worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a
+      Spectre-queller. If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells," and
+      ever without quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little secular
+      wells, whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered. In a
+      word, he is now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own heart;"
+      and clutches round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer food. Does
+      not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural state?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look upon
+      with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long vista, into
+      the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of almost the
+      earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before your eyes!
+      There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire put down, say
+      only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or less triumphantly,
+      with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt, and still burns, and
+      thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! and the far more mysterious
+      live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down there; and still
+      miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and ashes thereof (in these
+      Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its bellows-engines (in these
+      Churches), thou still seest; and its flame, looking out from every kind
+      countenance, and every hateful one, still warms thee or scorches thee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform, mystic,
+      and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of Government, with
+      the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions both of Cloth-habits
+      and of Soul-habits; much more his collective stock of Handicrafts, the
+      whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating Nature: all these things, as
+      indispensable and priceless as they are, cannot in any way be fixed under
+      lock and key, but must flit, spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from
+      Father to Son; if you demand sight of them, they are nowhere to be met
+      with. Visible Ploughmen and Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and
+      Tubal-cain downwards: but where does your accumulated Agricultural,
+      Metallurgic, and other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits
+      itself on the atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by
+      Vision); it is a thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In
+      like manner, ask me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT? In
+      vain wilt thou go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon;
+      thou findest nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of
+      Papers tied with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly devised
+      almighty GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Everywhere, yet
+      nowhere: seen only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible;
+      or if you will, mystic and miraculous. So spiritual (<i>geistig</i>) is
+      our whole daily Life: all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit,
+      invisible Force; only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace,
+      air-built, does the Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+      extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+      Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+      may belong; and thirdly&mdash;Books. In which third truly, the last
+      invented, lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous
+      indeed is the virtue of a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones,
+      yearly crumbling, yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but
+      then a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it
+      stands from year to year, and from age to age (we have Books that already
+      number some hundred and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new
+      produce of leaves (Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political
+      Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every
+      one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men. O
+      thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two centuries or
+      oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him whom they name
+      City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or
+      City-burner! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort,
+      namely over the Devil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble
+      and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and
+      Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the Earth will
+      pilgrim.&mdash;Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, in thy antiquarian
+      fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of
+      Sacchara? These stand there, as I can tell thee, idle and inert, looking
+      over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three thousand years: but
+      canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version
+      thereof?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+      Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that here,
+      for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date. Omitting
+      much, let us impart what follows:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+      cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+      remaining not so much as buried. And those red mould heaps; ay, there lie
+      the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been blown;
+      and now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight, like blown
+      Egg-shells!&mdash;Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down his
+      mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and spread them
+      out here into the softest, richest level,&mdash;intend thee, O Marchfeld,
+      for a corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be nursed; or for a
+      Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be throttled and
+      tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from the ends of
+      Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? Were thy Wagrams and Stillfrieds
+      but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of Hapsburg might
+      batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered? Konig Ottokar, amid
+      yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon; here Kaiser Franz falls
+      a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five centuries, to omit the others,
+      how has thy breast, fair Plain, been defaced and defiled! The greensward
+      is torn up and trampled down; man's fond care of it, his fruit-trees,
+      hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings, blown away with gunpowder; and the
+      kind seedfield lies a desolate, hideous Place of Skulls.&mdash;Nevertheless,
+      Nature is at work; neither shall these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost
+      devilry gainsay her: but all that gore and carnage will be shrouded in,
+      absorbed into manure; and next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay
+      greener. Thrifty unwearied Nature, ever out of our great waste educing
+      some little profit of thy own,&mdash;how dost thou, from the very carcass
+      of the Killer, bring Life for the Living!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and
+      upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil, in
+      the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls. From
+      these, by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are successively
+      selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men; Dumdrudge, at
+      her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she has, not without
+      difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even trained them to
+      crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and the
+      weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid much
+      weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red; and shipped
+      away, at the public charges, some two thousand miles, or say only to the
+      south of Spain; and fed there till wanted. And now to that same spot, in
+      the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French
+      Dumdrudge, in like manner wending: till at length, after infinite effort,
+      the two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting
+      Thirty, each with a gun in his hand. Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is
+      given; and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty
+      brisk useful craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must
+      bury, and anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the
+      Devil is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+      strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously, by
+      Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton! their
+      Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another, had the
+      cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.&mdash;Alas, so is it in
+      Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old, 'what
+      devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'&mdash;In that
+      fiction of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War is
+      perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies, in
+      person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the same,
+      and smoke in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in: but from such
+      predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and contentious
+      centuries, may still divide us!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his
+      own sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note what
+      is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of spiritual
+      culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his life were richer
+      than this. Internally, there is the most momentous instructive Course of
+      Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going on; towards the right
+      comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits, favorable to Meditation,
+      might help him rather than hinder. Externally, again, as he wanders to and
+      fro, there are, if for the longing heart little substance, yet for the
+      seeing eye sights enough in these so boundless Travels of his, granting
+      that the Satanic School was even partially kept down, what an incredible
+      knowledge of our Planet, and its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to
+      say, of all knowable things, might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+      Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+      Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying. Unknown
+      Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory, the Air,
+      by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics came,
+      through the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how he seeks
+      food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions, are
+      ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of the
+      terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself only.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lingered reflecting, and
+      even composing (<i>dichtete</i>), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in
+      that clear Lakelet moistened my bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees of
+      Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of China
+      I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and covered
+      with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.&mdash;Great Events,
+      also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated down (<i>ausgemergelt</i>) into
+      Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World
+      well lost; oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by each
+      other) in one day. All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed together,
+      and shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment there, and
+      in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith convulsed Europe
+      was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, could not escape me.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+      boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men are the
+      inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF REVELATIONS,
+      whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by some named
+      HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men, and your
+      innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic Commentaries,
+      and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox, weekly Sermons. For
+      my study, the inspired Texts themselves! Thus did not I, in very early
+      days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand behind the field-chairs,
+      under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena Highway; waiting upon the
+      great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing what I have not forgotten.
+      For&mdash;"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &mdash;But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some
+      time ago laid down, and must suppress much. Let not the sacredness of
+      Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with. Should we, at a
+      future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for Publication,
+      then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious be conceded;
+      which for the present were little better than treacherous, perhaps
+      traitorous Eavesdroppings. Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope Pius, Emperor
+      Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari) with their
+      mysteries, no notice here! Of Napoleon himself we shall only, glancing
+      from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to have been
+      of very varied character. At first we find our poor Professor on the point
+      of being shot as a spy; then taken into private conversation, even pinched
+      on the ear, yet presented with no money; at last indignantly dismissed,
+      almost thrown out of doors, as an "Ideologist." "He himself," says the
+      Professor, "was among the completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists:
+      in the Idea (<i>in der Idee</i>) he lived, moved and fought. The man was a
+      Divine Missionary, though unconscious of it; and preached, through the
+      cannon's throat, that great doctrine, <i>La carriere ouverte aux talens</i>
+      (The Tools to him that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political
+      Evangel, wherein alone can liberty lie. Madly enough he preached, it is
+      true, as Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect
+      utterance, amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case
+      admitted. Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to
+      fell unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did not
+      entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+      notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+      boundless harvest, bless."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance and
+      emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North Cape, on
+      that June Midnight. He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak" hanging round him,
+      as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole upper-garment;" and stands
+      there, on the World-promontory, looking over the infinite Brine, like a
+      little blue Belfry (as we figure), now motionless indeed, yet ready, if
+      stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the Arctic
+      latitudes, has its character: nothing but the granite cliffs ruddy-tinged,
+      the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean, over which in the
+      utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if he too were
+      slumbering. Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and cloth-of-gold;
+      yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters, like a tremulous
+      fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide itself under my
+      feet. In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for who would speak,
+      or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and Africa, fast asleep,
+      except the watchmen; and before him the silent Immensity, and Palace of
+      the Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a porch-lamp?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+      from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean Bear,
+      hails me in Russian speech: most probably, therefore, a Russian Smuggler.
+      With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to contraband trade, my
+      humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private. In vain: the monster,
+      counting doubtless on his superior stature, and minded to make sport for
+      himself, or perhaps profit, were it with murder, continues to advance;
+      ever assailing me with his importunate train-oil breath; and now has
+      advanced, till we stand both on the verge of the rock, the deep Sea
+      rippling greedily down below. What argument will avail? On the thick
+      Hyperborean, cherubic reasoning, seraphic eloquence were lost. Prepared
+      for such extremity, I, deftly enough, whisk aside one step; draw out, from
+      my interior reservoirs, a sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be
+      so obliging as retire, Friend (<i>Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund</i>), and
+      with promptitude!' This logic even the Hyperborean understands: fast
+      enough, with apologetic, petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for
+      suicidal as well as homicidal purposes, need not return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder: that it makes all men
+      alike tall. Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more <i>Mind</i>,
+      though all but no <i>Body</i> whatever, then canst thou kill me first, and
+      art the taller. Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless, and the David
+      resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive Spiritualism is all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas. Few things, in this
+      so surprising world, strike me with more surprise. Two little visual
+      Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of the
+      UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,&mdash;make
+      pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and,
+      simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into
+      Dissolution; and off-hand become Air, and Non-extant! Deuce on it (<i>verdammt</i>),
+      the little spitfires!&mdash;Nay, I think with old Hugo von Trimberg: 'God
+      must needs laugh outright, could such a thing be, to see his wondrous
+      Manikins here below.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality, which
+      is our chief quest here: How prospered the inner man of Teufelsdrockh,
+      under so much outward shifting! Does Legion still lurk in him, though
+      repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood? We can answer that the
+      symptoms continue promising. Experience is the grand spiritual Doctor; and
+      with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a patient, swallowing many a
+      bitter bolus. Unless our poor Friend belong to the numerous class of
+      Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure will doubtless be effected.
+      We should rather say that Legion, or the Satanic School, was now pretty
+      well extirpated and cast out, but next to nothing introduced in its room;
+      whereby the heart remains, for the while, in a quiet but no comfortable
+      state.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I
+      was what you might name calcined. Pray only that it be not rather, as is
+      the more frequent issue, reduced to a <i>caput-mortuum</i>! But in any
+      case, by mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.
+      Wretchedness was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it,
+      and despise it. Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not
+      found a Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his
+      brave garnitures, miserable enough? Thy wishes have all been sniffed
+      aside, thought I: but what, had they even been all granted! Did not the
+      Boy Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole
+      Solar System; or after that, a whole Universe? <i>Ach Gott</i>, when I
+      gazed into these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity,
+      from their serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over
+      the little lot of man! Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our
+      own, have been swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them
+      any more; and Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still
+      shining in their courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first
+      noted them in the plain of Shinar. Pshaw! what is this paltry little
+      Dog-cage of an Earth; what art thou that sittest whining there? Thou art
+      still Nothing, Nobody: true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody? For
+      thee the Family of Man has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a
+      dissevered limb: so be it; perhaps it is better so!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh! Yet surely his bands are loosening; one day
+      he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with a
+      second youth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+      reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the
+      Positive must necessarily pass."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0020" id="link2HCH0020">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all
+      to be tried with such? Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by
+      birth, be dispossessed. Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is
+      the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force:
+      thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought
+      battle. For the God-given mandate, <i>Work thou in Well-doing</i>, lies
+      mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts;
+      and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed;
+      till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.
+      And as the clay-given mandate, <i>Eat thou and be filled</i>, at the same
+      time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,&mdash;must not
+      there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become
+      the upper?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+      God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay must
+      now be vanquished or vanquish,&mdash;should be carried of the spirit into
+      grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle with
+      him; defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly. Name it as we
+      choose: with or without visible Devil, whether in the natural Desert of
+      rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of selfishness and
+      baseness,&mdash;to such Temptation are we all called. Unhappy if we are
+      not! Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine handwriting has
+      never blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor; but quivers
+      dubiously amid meaner lights: or smoulders, in dull pain, in darkness,
+      under earthly vapors!&mdash;Our Wilderness is the wide World in an
+      Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and fasting:
+      nevertheless, to these also comes an end. Yes, to me also was given, if
+      not Victory, yet the consciousness of Battle, and the resolve to persevere
+      therein while life or faculty is left. To me also, entangled in the
+      enchanted forests, demon-peopled, doleful of sight and of sound, it was
+      given, after weariest wanderings, to work out my way into the higher
+      sunlit slopes&mdash;of that Mountain which has no summit, or whose summit
+      is in Heaven only!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once for
+      all, natural to him: "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient men (<i>tuchtigen
+      Manner</i>) thou hast known in this generation? An outflush of foolish
+      young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as many weeds as
+      valuable herbs: this all parched away, under the Droughts of practical and
+      spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and act, often-repeated
+      gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled into Denial! If I have had
+      a second-crop, and now see the perennial greensward, and sit under
+      umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and Doubt); herein too, be the
+      Heavens praised, I am not without examples, and even exemplars."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious revolution:"
+      these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of his were but
+      some purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his apostolic work
+      (such as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now happily over, and
+      the Devil once more worsted! Was "that high moment in the <i>Rue de
+      l'Enfer</i>," then, properly the turning-point of the battle; when the
+      Fiend said, <i>Worship me, or be torn in shreds</i>; and was answered
+      valiantly with an <i>Apage Satana</i>?&mdash;Singular Teufelsdrockh, would
+      thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words! But it is fruitless to
+      look there, in those Paper-bags, for such. Nothing but innuendoes,
+      figurative crotchets: a typical Shadow, fitfully wavering,
+      prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture. "How paint to the sensual
+      eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies of Man's Soul; in
+      what words, known to these profane times, speak even afar-off of the
+      unspeakable?" We ask in turn: Why perplex these times, profane as they
+      are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by commission? Not mystical
+      only is our Professor, but whimsical; and involves himself, now more than
+      ever, in eye-bewildering <i>chiaroscuro</i>. Successive glimpses, here
+      faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must endeavor to combine for
+      their own behoof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says: "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+      silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in
+      my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was as
+      if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce
+      utterly, and say: Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no
+      more, I will believe you no more. And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear, I
+      care not for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here: for
+      I am way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to die: to
+      die or to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."&mdash;And again:
+      "Here, then, as I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by
+      benignant upper Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled
+      gradually away, and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth. The first
+      preliminary moral Act, Annihilation of Self (<i>Selbst-todtung</i>), had
+      been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its
+      hands ungyved."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+      Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+      cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+      already taking wholesome effect on him? If it were not that the tone, in
+      some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+      expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest
+      Dualism: light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the
+      fore-court, while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe
+      and wail. We transcribe the piece entire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and
+      meditating; on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me, as
+      roof, the azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing
+      curtains,&mdash;namely, of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes
+      also I have seen gilding. And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood
+      sheltered in these Mountain hollows; with their green flower-lawns, and
+      white dames and damosels, lovely enough: or better still, the straw-roofed
+      Cottages, wherein stood many a Mother baking bread, with her children
+      round her:&mdash;all hidden and protectingly folded up in the
+      valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as if I beheld them. Or to see,
+      as well as fancy, the nine Towns and Villages, that lay round my
+      mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were wont to speak to me (by their
+      steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in almost all weather, proclaimed
+      their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds; whereon, as on a culinary
+      horologe, I might read the hour of the day. For it was the smoke of
+      cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday, eventide, were boiling
+      their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose up into the air,
+      successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine, saying, as plainly
+      as smoke could say: Such and such a meal is getting ready here. Not
+      uninteresting! For you have the whole Borough, with all its love-makings
+      and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as in miniature, and
+      could cover it all with your hat.&mdash;If, in my wide Way-farings, I had
+      learned to look into the business of the World in its details, here
+      perhaps was the place for combining it into general propositions, and
+      deducing inferences therefrom.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+      Distance: round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+      vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad
+      witch's hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear sunbeam,
+      your Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor had held snow.
+      How thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great fermenting-vat and
+      laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O Nature!&mdash;Or what is
+      Nature? Ha! why do I not name thee GOD? Art not thou the 'Living Garment
+      of God'? O Heavens, is it, in very deed, HE, then, that ever speaks
+      through thee; that lives and loves in thee, that lives and loves in me?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+      Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than
+      Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice
+      to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults;
+      like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated heart, came
+      that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a charnel-house
+      with spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman: with an
+      infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou
+      not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou bear
+      the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary, so
+      heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, my Brother,
+      why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears from thy
+      eyes!&mdash;Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this solitude,
+      with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening discord,
+      but a melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a dumb
+      creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth, with her
+      poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man, with his
+      so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to me; and even
+      for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him Brother. Thus was I
+      standing in the porch of that '<i>Sanctuary of Sorrow</i>;' by strange,
+      steep ways had I too been guided thither; and ere long its sacred gates
+      would open, and the '<i>Divine Depth of Sorrow</i>' lie disclosed to me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+      strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free. "A vain
+      interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present called
+      Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since the
+      beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from idle
+      Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to. The most,
+      in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+      Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+      indispensable. In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in different
+      terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become obsolete, and is
+      found unserviceable. For it is man's nature to change his Dialect from
+      century to century; he cannot help it though he would. The authentic <i>Church-Catechism</i>
+      of our present century has not yet fallen into my hands: meanwhile, for my
+      own private behoof I attempt to elucidate the matter so. Man's
+      Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his Greatness; it is because there is
+      an Infinite in him, which with all his cunning he cannot quite bury under
+      the Finite. Will the whole Finance Ministers and Upholsterers and
+      Confectioners of modern Europe undertake, in joint-stock company, to make
+      one Shoeblack HAPPY? They cannot accomplish it, above an hour or two: for
+      the Shoeblack also has a Soul quite other than his Stomach; and would
+      require, if you consider it, for his permanent satisfaction and
+      saturation, simply this allotment, no more, and no less: <i>God's infinite
+      Universe altogether to himself</i>, therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill
+      every wish as fast as it rose. Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of
+      Ophiuchus: speak not of them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as
+      nothing. No sooner is your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might
+      have been of better vintage. Try him with half of a Universe, of an
+      Omnipotence, he sets to quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half,
+      and declares himself the most maltreated of men.&mdash;Always there is a
+      black spot in our sunshine: it is even, as I said, the <i>Shadow of
+      Ourselves</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus. By certain
+      valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+      average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+      indefeasible right. It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+      requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such <i>overplus</i> as there
+      may be do we account Happiness; any <i>deficit</i> again is Misery. Now
+      consider that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what
+      a fund of Self-conceit there is in each of us,&mdash;do you wonder that
+      the balance should so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry:
+      See there, what a payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!&mdash;I tell
+      thee, Blockhead, it all comes of thy Vanity; of what thou <i>fanciest</i>
+      those same deserts of thine to be. Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged
+      (as is most likely), thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot: fancy
+      that thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to
+      die in hemp.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So true is it, what I then said, that <i>the Fraction of Life can be
+      increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by
+      lessening your Denominator</i>. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, <i>Unity</i>
+      itself divided by <i>Zero</i> will give <i>Infinity</i>. Make thy claim of
+      wages a zero, then; thou hast the world under thy feet. Well did the
+      Wisest of our time write: 'It is only with Renunciation (<i>Entsagen</i>)
+      that Life, properly speaking, can be said to begin.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I asked myself: What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+      been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account
+      of? Say it in a word: is it not because thou art not HAPPY? Because the
+      THOU (sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished,
+      soft-bedded, and lovingly cared for? Foolish soul! What Act of Legislature
+      was there that <i>thou</i> shouldst be Happy? A little while ago thou
+      hadst no right to <i>be</i> at all. What if thou wert born and predestined
+      not to be Happy, but to be Unhappy! Art thou nothing other than a Vulture,
+      then, that fliest through the Universe seeking after somewhat to <i>eat</i>;
+      and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not given thee? Close
+      thy <i>Byron</i>; open thy <i>Goethe</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Es leuchtet mir ein</i>, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:
+      "there is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness: he can do without
+      Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness! Was it not to preach
+      forth this same HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest, in
+      all times, have spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life and
+      through death, of the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike only
+      has he Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou also
+      honored to be taught; O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful
+      Afflictions, even till thou become contrite and learn it! Oh, thank thy
+      Destiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need of
+      them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant
+      fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease, and
+      triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
+      engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure;
+      love God. This is the EVERLASTING YEA, wherein all contradiction is
+      solved: wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And again: "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+      injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee: thou canst love
+      the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for
+      this a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent. Knowest thou
+      that '<i>Worship of Sorrow</i>'? The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen
+      centuries ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation of
+      doleful creatures: nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt, arched
+      out of falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and its
+      sacred Lamp perennially burning."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor will
+      only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more questionable
+      character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay wherein he himself
+      does not see his way. Nebulous disquisitions on Religion, yet not without
+      bursts of splendor; on the "perennial continuance of Inspiration;" on
+      Prophecy; that there are "true Priests, as well as Baal-Priests, in our
+      own day:" with more of the like sort. We select some fractions, by way of
+      finish to this farrago.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+      Professor: "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+      finished. Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+      considerable or otherwise: That the Mythus of the Christian Religion looks
+      not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth. Alas, were thy
+      six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other quartos and
+      folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since on the same
+      subject, all needed to convince us of so little! But what next? Wilt thou
+      help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in a new Mythus, in a
+      new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise too like perishing, may
+      live? What! thou hast no faculty in that kind? Only a torch for burning,
+      no hammer for building? Take our thanks, then, and&mdash;thyself away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me? Or is the God present, felt
+      in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out of me;
+      or dispute into me? To the '<i>Worship of Sorrow</i>' ascribe what origin
+      and genesis thou pleasest, <i>has</i> not that Worship originated, and
+      been generated; is it not <i>here</i>? Feel it in thy heart, and then say
+      whether it is of God! This is Belief; all else is Opinion,&mdash;for which
+      latter whoso will, let him worry and be worried."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+      struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like: try rather to get a
+      little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself. One BIBLE I
+      know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible; nay
+      with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it: thereof all other Bibles
+      are but Leaves,&mdash;say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker
+      faculty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him
+      take the following perhaps more intelligible passage:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+      warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable. Hast thou
+      in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think well what
+      the meaning thereof is. If thou gauge it to the bottom, it is simply this:
+      'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of Happiness in the
+      world, something from my share: which, by the Heavens, thou shalt not; nay
+      I will fight thee rather.'&mdash;Alas, and the whole lot to be divided is
+      such a beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for the substance has
+      been spilled out: not enough to quench one Appetite; and the collective
+      human species clutching at them!&mdash;Can we not, in all such cases,
+      rather say: 'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take that pitiful
+      additional fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but which thou so
+      wantest; take it with a blessing: would to Heaven I had enough for thee!'&mdash;If
+      Fichte's <i>Wissenschaftslehre</i> be, 'to a certain extent, Applied
+      Christianity,' surely to a still greater extent, so is this. We have here
+      not a Whole Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the Passive half: could
+      we but do it, as we can demonstrate it!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till it
+      convert itself into Conduct. Nay properly Conviction is not possible till
+      then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a vortex
+      amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience does it
+      find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a system.
+      Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any sort cannot
+      be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let him who gropes
+      painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays vehemently that the
+      dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well to heart, which to me
+      was of invaluable service: '<i>Do the Duty which lies nearest thee</i>,'
+      which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty will already have become
+      clearer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+      even this: When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+      struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+      thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario in
+      <i>Wilhelm Meister</i>, that your 'America is here or nowhere'? The
+      Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man.
+      Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual, wherein
+      thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it out
+      therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free. Fool! the Ideal is in
+      thyself, the impediment too is in thyself: thy Condition is but the stuff
+      thou art to shape that same Ideal out of: what matters whether such stuff
+      be of this sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic, be poetic? O
+      thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and criest bitterly to
+      the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create, know this of a truth:
+      the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here or nowhere,' couldst
+      thou only see!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature: the beginning of
+      Creation is&mdash;Light. Till the eye have vision, the whole members are
+      in bonds. Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over the
+      wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken: Let there be Light! Ever to the
+      greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+      God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest and least.
+      The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled conflicting
+      elements bind themselves into separate Firmaments: deep silent
+      rock-foundations are built beneath; and the skyey vault with its
+      everlasting Luminaries above: instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have a
+      blooming, fertile, heaven-encompassed World.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World, or even
+      Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal
+      fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name! 'Tis the utmost thou
+      hast in thee: out with it, then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy hand findeth to
+      do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called To-day; for the
+      Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0021" id="link2HCH0021">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. PAUSE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+      circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+      successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and almost
+      Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself seems to
+      consider as Conversion. "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice rather
+      that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in our modern
+      Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients. The Old World knew nothing of
+      Conversion; instead of an <i>Ecce Homo</i>, they had only some <i>Choice
+      of Hercules</i>. It was a new-attained progress in the Moral Development
+      of man: hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of the most
+      Limited; what to Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates a chimera,
+      is now clear and certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys, and the
+      poorest of their Pietists and Methodists."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh commences:
+      we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with the spirit and
+      clear aims of a Man. He has discovered that the Ideal Workshop he so
+      panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished Workshop he has so long
+      been stumbling in. He can say to himself: "Tools? Thou hast no Tools? Why,
+      there is not a Man, or a Thing, now alive but has tools. The basest of
+      created animalcules, the Spider itself, has a spinning-jenny, and
+      warping-mill, and power-loom within its head: the stupidest of Oysters has
+      a Papin's-Digester, with stone-and-lime house to hold it in: every being
+      that can live can do something: this let him <i>do</i>.&mdash;Tools? Hast
+      thou not a Brain, furnished, furnishable with some glimmerings of Light;
+      and three fingers to hold a Pen withal? Never since Aaron's Rod went out
+      of practice, or even before it, was there such a wonder-working Tool:
+      greater than all recorded miracles have been performed by Pens. For
+      strangely in this so solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in
+      continual restless flux, it is appointed that <i>Sound</i>, to appearance
+      the most fleeting, should be the most continuing of all things. The WORD
+      is well said to be omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can
+      create as by a <i>Fiat</i>. Awake, arise! Speak forth what is in thee;
+      what God has given thee, what the Devil shall not take away. Higher task
+      than that of Priesthood was allotted to no man: wert thou but the meanest
+      in that sacred Hierarchy, is it not honor enough therein to spend and be
+      spent?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+      handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden. Writings of
+      mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps not
+      altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my unseen
+      sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there. I thank the Heavens that I
+      have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible result, I
+      am minded diligently to persevere.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant Device,
+      now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like a grain of
+      right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now stretching out
+      strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the air to lodge in,&mdash;may
+      have been properly my doing? Some one's doing, it without doubt was; from
+      some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of all take beginning: why
+      not from some Idea in mine?" Does Teufelsdrockh, here glance at that
+      "SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY (<i>Eigenthums-conservirende
+      Gesellschaft</i>)," of which so many ambiguous notices glide spectra-like
+      through these inexpressible Paper-bags? "An Institution," hints he, "not
+      unsuitable to the wants of the time; as indeed such sudden extension
+      proves: for already can the Society number, among its office-bearers or
+      corresponding members, the highest Names, if not the highest Persons, in
+      Germany, England, France; and contributions, both of money and of
+      meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if possible, enlist the
+      remaining Integrity of the world, and, defensively and with forethought,
+      marshal it round this Palladium." Does Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give
+      himself out as the originator of that so notable <i>Eigenthums-conservirende</i>
+      ("Owndom-conserving") <i>Gesellschaft</i>; and if so, what, in the Devil's
+      name, is it? He again hints: "At a time when the divine Commandment, <i>Thou
+      shalt not steal</i>, wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the
+      whole Hebrew Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions,
+      Justinian's Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms,
+      Divinities, Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and
+      enforced with Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance: at a
+      time, I say, when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the
+      general remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite
+      Commandment, <i>Thou shalt steal</i>, is everywhere promulgated,&mdash;it
+      perhaps behooved, in this universal dotage and deliration, the sound
+      portion of mankind to bestir themselves and rally. When the widest and
+      wildest violations of that divine right of Property, the only divine right
+      now extant or conceivable, are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious
+      Press, and the world has lived to hear it asserted that <i>we have no
+      Property in our very Bodies, but only an accidental Possession and
+      Life-rent</i>, what is the issue to be looked for? Hangmen and Catchpoles
+      may, by their noose-gins and baited fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort
+      of vermin; but what, except perhaps some such Universal Association, can
+      protect us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of
+      Boa-constrictors. If, therefore, the more sequestered Thinker have
+      wondered, in his privacy, from what hand that perhaps not ill-written <i>Program</i>
+      in the Public Journals, with its high <i>Prize-Questions</i> and so
+      liberal <i>Prizes</i>, could have proceeded,&mdash;let him now cease such
+      wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to the <i>Concurrenz</i>
+      (Competition)."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We ask: Has this same "perhaps not ill-written <i>Program</i>," or any
+      other authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen
+      under the eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic?
+      If so, what are those <i>Prize-Questions</i>; what are the terms of
+      Competition, and when and where? No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther
+      light of any sort, to be met with in these Paper-bags! Or is the whole
+      business one other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities,
+      whereby Herr Teufelsdrockh, meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often
+      to play fast-and-loose with us?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+      suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him;
+      paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his thorny
+      Biographical task a labor of love. It is a suspicion grounded perhaps on
+      trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and more
+      discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in whom
+      underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel within wheel,
+      defy all reckoning: a suspicion, in one word, that these Autobiographical
+      Documents are partly a mystification! What if many a so-called Fact were
+      little better than a Fiction; if here we had no direct Camera-obscura
+      Picture of the Professor's History; but only some more or less fantastic
+      Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly enough, shadowing forth
+      the same! Our theory begins to be that, in receiving as literally
+      authentic what was but hieroglyphically so, Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in
+      that case we scruple not to name Hofrath Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of,
+      and set adrift to make fools of others. Could it be expected, indeed, that
+      a man so known for impenetrable reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at
+      once frankly unlock his private citadel to an English Editor and a German
+      Hofrath; and not rather deceptively <i>in</i>lock both Editor and Hofrath
+      in the labyrinthic tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having
+      enticed them thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools
+      would look?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself short.
+      On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being all but
+      invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher, the following:
+      "What are your historical Facts; still more your biographical? Wilt thou
+      know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing together bead-rolls of what
+      thou namest Facts? The Man is the spirit he worked in; not what he did,
+      but what he became. Facts are engraved Hierograms, for which the fewest
+      have the key. And then how your Blockhead (<i>Dummkopf</i>) studies not
+      their Meaning; but simply whether they are well or ill cut, what he calls
+      Moral or Immoral! Still worse is it with your Bungler (<i>Pfuscher</i>):
+      such I have seen reading some Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation;
+      and mistaking the ill-cut Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous
+      reptile." Was the Professor apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the
+      present boasts himself, might mistake the Teufelsdrockh
+      Serpent-of-Eternity in like manner? For which reason it was to be altered,
+      not without underhand satire, into a plainer Symbol? Or is this merely one
+      of his half-sophisms, half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of
+      a Figure, he cares not whither it gallop? We say not with certainty; and
+      indeed, so strange is the Professor, can never say. If our suspicion be
+      wholly unfounded, let his own questionable ways, not our necessary
+      circumspectness bear the blame.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+      Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present. Let it
+      suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+      what he became:" the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+      bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for. The
+      imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche: and such, wheresoever be its
+      flight, it will continue. To trace by what complex gyrations (flights or
+      involuntary waftings) through the mere external Life-element,
+      Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and the Psyche
+      clothes herself in civic Titles, without altering her now fixed nature,&mdash;would
+      be comparatively an unproductive task, were we even unsuspicious of its
+      being, for us at least, a false and impossible one. His outward Biography,
+      therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we saw churned utterly into
+      spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for aught that concerns us here.
+      Enough that by survey of certain "pools and plashes," we have ascertained
+      its general direction; do we not already know that, by one way and other,
+      it <i>has</i> long since rained down again into a stream; and even now, at
+      Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still, fraught with the <i>Philosophy of
+      Clothes</i>, and visible to whoso will cast eye thereon? Over much
+      invaluable matter, that lies scattered, like jewels among quarry-rubbish,
+      in those Paper-catacombs, we may have occasion to glance back, and
+      somewhat will demand insertion at the right place: meanwhile be our
+      tiresome diggings therein suspended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If now, before reopening the great <i>Clothes-Volume</i>, we ask what our
+      degree of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+      understanding of the <i>Clothes-Philosophy</i>, let not our discouragement
+      become total. To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+      Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+      drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+      chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+      conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So much we already calculate: Through many a little loophole, we have had
+      glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange mystic,
+      almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually drawn, is
+      not henceforth altogether dark to us. Those mysterious ideas on TIME,
+      which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible with such,
+      may by and by prove significant. Still more may his somewhat peculiar view
+      of Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature. How all Nature and
+      Life are but one <i>Garment</i>, a "Living Garment," woven and ever
+      a-weaving in the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline of a
+      whole <i>Clothes-Philosophy</i>; at least the arena it is to work in?
+      Remark, too, that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning in such
+      a matter, becomes less enigmatic: amid so much tumultuous obscurity,
+      almost like diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable Defiance and yet
+      a boundless Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two mountain-summits, on
+      whose rock-strata all the rest were based and built?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+      even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it
+      were preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy? To look through the Shows of
+      things into Things themselves he is led and compelled. The "Passivity"
+      given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune. Everywhere
+      cast out, like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in any
+      public Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of
+      Meditation. The whole energy of his existence is directed, through long
+      years, on one task: that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it. Thus
+      everywhere do the Shows of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten him
+      with fearfullest destruction: only by victoriously penetrating into Things
+      themselves can he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this same
+      looking through the Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the first
+      preliminary to a <i>Philosophy of Clothes</i>? Do we not, in all this,
+      discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such a
+      Philosophy; and what shape it must assume with such a man, in such an era?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+      without guess whither he is bound: nor, let us hope, for all the fantastic
+      Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh, he must
+      wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a steady
+      Polar Star.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0024" id="link2H_4_0024">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BOOK III.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0022" id="link2HCH0022">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an early
+      part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself. Striking
+      it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force of vision and of
+      heart he pierced into the mystery of the World; recognizing in the highest
+      sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went, only fresh or faded Raiment; yet
+      ever, under this, a celestial Essence thereby rendered visible: and while,
+      on the one hand, he trod the old rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into
+      the mire, he on the other everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly
+      principalities and powers, and worshipped it, though under the meanest
+      shapes, with a true Platonic mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed
+      by thus casting his Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe;
+      what such, more or less complete, rending and burning of Garments
+      throughout the whole compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should
+      lead to; the rather as he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not,
+      like Rousseau, recommend either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a
+      return to the savage state: all this our readers are now bent to discover;
+      this is, in fact, properly the gist and purport of Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's Philosophy of Clothes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much evolved,
+      as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our British Friends
+      into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines; nowise to dig out and
+      exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all time inexhaustible. Once
+      there, let each dig for his own behoof, and enrich himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the Professor's,
+      can our course now more than formerly be straightforward, step by step,
+      but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand out here and
+      there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely and narrowly,
+      shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole: to select these with
+      judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be possible, and (in our
+      old figure) by chaining them together, a passable Bridge be effected:
+      this, as heretofore, continues our only method. Among such light-spots,
+      the following, floating in much wild matter about <i>Perfectibility</i>,
+      has seemed worth clutching at:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+      Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+      Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident
+      passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree of
+      ridicule by others: namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+      Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker, was
+      one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of the
+      Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls of
+      Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable
+      Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly
+      accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods it has
+      chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid pincers,
+      paste-horns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of rubbish, this
+      youth had, nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him; also an antique
+      Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it could look
+      upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily pair of
+      shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and an honorable
+      Mastership in Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of Thirdborough in his
+      hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,&mdash;was nowise
+      satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever amid the boring and hammering
+      came tones from that far country, came Splendors and Terrors; for this
+      poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the Temple of Immensity,
+      wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy mystery to
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters of
+      that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+      consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to 'drink
+      beer, and dance with the girls.' Blind leaders of the blind! For what end
+      were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their shovel-hats
+      scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt on; and such a
+      church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other racketing, held
+      over that spot of God's Earth,&mdash;if Man were but a Patent Digester,
+      and the Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned from them,
+      with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings and his Bible.
+      Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been heaped over that
+      Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried there. Through long
+      days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and wrestled, with a man's
+      force, to be free: how its prison-mountains heaved and swayed
+      tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this hand and that, and
+      emerged into the light of Heaven! That Leicester shoe-shop, had men known
+      it, was a holier place than any Vatican or Loretto-shrine.&mdash;'So
+      bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he, 'with thousand
+      requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags, I can neither see
+      nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time flies fast, and
+      Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee, if thou hast power of
+      Thought! Why not; what binds me here? Want, want!&mdash;Ha, of what? Will
+      all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me across into that far Land of
+      Light? Only Meditation can, and devout Prayer to God. I will to the woods:
+      the hollow of a tree will lodge me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes,
+      cannot I stitch myself one perennial suit of Leather!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts I
+      never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject were
+      easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as if such
+      first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and more into Day,
+      the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its hindrances and its
+      horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is in History. Let some
+      living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and understanding heart, picture
+      George Fox on that morning, when he spreads out his cutting-board for the
+      last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted patterns, and stitches them
+      together into one continuous all-including Case, the farewell service of
+      his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox: every prick of that little
+      instrument is pricking into the heart of Slavery, and World-worship, and
+      the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as in strong swimmer-strokes, and every
+      stroke is bearing thee across the Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds
+      her Workhouse and Ragfair, into lands of true Liberty; were the work done,
+      there is in broad Europe one Free Man, and thou art he!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and
+      for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely if, as D'Alembert
+      asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+      Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is George
+      Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes himself: for he
+      too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood, casting aside all props
+      and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride, undervaluing the Earth; valuing
+      it rather, as a place to yield him warmth and food, he looks Heavenward
+      from his Earth, and dwells in an element of Mercy and Worship, with a
+      still Strength, such as the Cynic's Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly,
+      was that Tub; a temple from which man's dignity and divinity was
+      scornfully preached abroad: but greater is the Leather Hull, for the same
+      sermon was preached there, and not in Scorn but in Love."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn quite
+      into ashes for nigh two centuries: why, in a discussion on the <i>Perfectibility
+      of Society</i>, reproduce it now? Not out of blind sectarian partisanship:
+      Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all his pacific tendencies, did
+      not we see him, in that scene at the North Cape, with the Archangel
+      Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+      passage than meets the ear. At the same time, who can avoid smiling at the
+      earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an underhand
+      satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought forward; and, in
+      the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as he durst in
+      Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation! Does Teufelsdrockh anticipate
+      that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class of the community,
+      by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and escaping from what he
+      calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair," where doubtless some of them are
+      toiled and whipped and hoodwinked sufficiently,&mdash;will sheathe
+      themselves in close-fitting cases of Leather? The idea is ridiculous in
+      the extreme. Will Majesty lay aside its robes of state, and Beauty its
+      frills and train-gowns, for a second skin of tanned hide? By which change
+      Huddersfield and Manchester, and Coventry and Paisley, and the
+      Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry solitudes; and only Day and Martin
+      could profit. For neither would Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we
+      presume covertly intended, of levelling Society (<i>levelling</i> it
+      indeed with a vengeance, into one huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining
+      the political effects of Nudity without its frigorific or other
+      consequences,&mdash;be thereby realized. Would not the rich man purchase a
+      waterproof suit of Russia Leather; and the high-born Belle step forth in
+      red or azure morocco, lined with shamoy: the black cowhide being left to
+      the Drudges and Gibeonites of the world; and so all the old Distinctions
+      be re-established?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve at
+      our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0023" id="link2HCH0023">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Not less questionable is his Chapter on <i>Church-Clothes</i>, which has
+      the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume. We here
+      translate it entire:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+      than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+      Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in. Far from it! Church-Clothes are,
+      in our vocabulary, the Forms, the <i>Vestures</i>, under which men have at
+      various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+      Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+      sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as
+      a living and life-giving WORD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+      garnitures of Human Existence. They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+      by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or
+      three are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent, and
+      indeed indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly manifests
+      itself (as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be embodied in a
+      visible Communion and Church Militant. Mystical, more than magical, is
+      that Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward: here properly
+      Soul first speaks with Soul; for only in looking heavenward, take it in
+      what sense you may, not in looking earthward, does what we can call Union,
+      mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible. How true is that of Novalis:
+      'It is certain, my Belief gains quite <i>infinitely</i> the moment I can
+      convince another mind thereof'! Gaze thou in the face of thy Brother, in
+      those eyes where plays the lambent fire of Kindness, or in those where
+      rages the lurid conflagration of Anger; feel how thy own so quiet Soul is
+      straightway involuntarily kindled with the like, and ye blaze and
+      reverberate on each other, till it is all one limitless confluent flame
+      (of embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling Hate); and then say what
+      miraculous virtue goes out of man into man. But if so, through all the
+      thick-plied hulls of our Earthly Life; how much more when it is of the
+      Divine Life we speak, and inmost ME is, as it were, brought into contact
+      with inmost ME!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven by
+      Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes possible
+      by Religion. Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and present,
+      may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or other of
+      these three predicaments: an audibly preaching and prophesying Church,
+      which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach and prophesy,
+      but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and worst, a Church
+      gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium prior to
+      dissolution. Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant Chapter-houses and
+      Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere speech and chanting, let
+      him," says the oracular Professor, "read on, light of heart (<i>getrosten
+      Muthes</i>).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+      recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+      such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+      exist. For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+      Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+      Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+      Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying <i>under</i> such
+      SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;&mdash;then is Religion the inmost
+      Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm Circulation
+      to the whole. Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones and Muscles (of
+      Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic vitality; the SKIN
+      would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting rawhide; and Society
+      itself a dead carcass,&mdash;deserving to be buried. Men were no longer
+      Social, but Gregarious; which latter state also could not continue, but
+      must gradually issue in universal selfish discord, hatred, savage
+      isolation, and dispersion;&mdash;whereby, as we might continue to say, the
+      very dust and dead body of Society would have evaporated and become
+      abolished. Such, and so all-important, all-sustaining, are the
+      Church-Clothes to civilized or even to rational men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+      sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become mere
+      hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit any longer
+      dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid accumulation,
+      drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you with its glass eyes,
+      in ghastly affectation of Life,&mdash;some generation-and-half after
+      Religion has quite withdrawn from it, and in unnoticed nooks is weaving
+      for herself new Vestures, wherewith to reappear, and bless us, or our sons
+      or grandsons. As a Priest, or Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and
+      highest of all men, so is a Sham-priest (<i>Schein-priester</i>) the
+      falsest and basest; neither is it doubtful that his Canonicals, were they
+      Popes' Tiaras, will one day be torn from him, to make bandages for the
+      wounds of mankind; or even to burn into tinder, for general scientific or
+      culinary purposes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second Volume,
+      <i>On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society</i>; which volume, as
+      treating practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture of Spiritual
+      Tissues, or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the Transcendental or
+      ultimate Portion of this my work on <i>Clothes</i>, and is already in a
+      state of forwardness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added, does
+      Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular chapter on
+      Church-Clothes!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0024" id="link2HCH0024">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure
+      utterances, if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations on
+      <i>Symbols</i>. To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our
+      compass: nowhere is he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of
+      "Fantasy being the organ of the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though
+      based, to all seeming, on the small Visible, does nevertheless extend down
+      into the infinite deeps of the Invisible, of which Invisible, indeed, his
+      Life is properly the bodying forth." Let us, omitting these high
+      transcendental aspects of the matter, study to glean (whether from the
+      Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what little seems logical and practical,
+      and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as it will assume.
+      By way of proem, take the following not injudicious remarks:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who shall
+      speak or sing? SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised to them
+      (were this an altar-building time) for universal worship. Silence is the
+      element in which great things fashion themselves together; that at length
+      they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into the daylight of Life,
+      which they are thenceforth to rule. Not William the Silent only, but all
+      the considerable men I have known, and the most undiplomatic and
+      unstrategic of these, forbore to babble of what they were creating and
+      projecting. Nay, in thy own mean perplexities, do thou thyself but <i>hold
+      thy tongue for one day</i>: on the morrow, how much clearer are thy
+      purposes and duties; what wreck and rubbish have those mute workmen within
+      thee swept away, when intrusive noises were shut out! Speech is too often
+      not, as the Frenchman defined it, the art of concealing Thought; but of
+      quite stifling and suspending Thought, so that there is none to conceal.
+      Speech too is great, but not the greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says:
+      <i>Sprechen ist silbern, Schweigen ist golden</i> (Speech is silvern,
+      Silence is golden); or as I might rather express it: Speech is of Time,
+      Silence is of Eternity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+      Silence: neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy. Let not thy left hand
+      know what thy right hand doeth! Neither shalt thou prate even to thy own
+      heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (<i>Schaam</i>) the
+      soil of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals? Like other
+      plants, Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the
+      eye of the sun. Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily
+      thyself, the root withers, and no flower will glad thee. O my Friends,
+      when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example,
+      the Marriage-bower, and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues of
+      Heaven, what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them up by
+      the roots, and, with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us the dung
+      they flourish in! Men speak much of the Printing Press with its
+      Newspapers: <i>du Himmel</i>! what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's
+      Goose?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+      with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of <i>Symbols</i>. In a
+      Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by Silence
+      and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance. And if both
+      the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how expressive
+      will their union be! Thus in many a painted Device, or simple Seal-emblem,
+      the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite new emphasis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+      small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith. In the
+      Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+      distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+      the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible,
+      and as it were, attainable there. By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided
+      and commanded, made happy, made wretched: He everywhere finds himself
+      encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized: the
+      Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what is
+      man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical; a
+      revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a
+      'Gospel of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he
+      can, by act and word? Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment of
+      a Thought; but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in the
+      transcendental sense, symbolical as well as real."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with
+      these high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the verge
+      of the inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl. Perhaps, too, of all
+      the owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we consider it,
+      is that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights. Fantastic tricks
+      enough man has played, in his time; has fancied himself to be most things,
+      down even to an animated heap of Glass: but to fancy himself a dead
+      Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was reserved for this
+      his latter era. There stands he, his Universe one huge Manger, filled with
+      hay and thistles to be weighed against each other; and looks long-eared
+      enough. Alas, poor devil! spectres are appointed to haunt him: one age he
+      is hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden, befooled; in all ages,
+      bedevilled. And now the Genius of Mechanism smothers him worse than any
+      Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked out of him, and only a kind of
+      Digestive, Mechanic life remains. In Earth and in Heaven he can see
+      nothing but Mechanism; has fear for nothing else, hope in nothing else:
+      the world would indeed grind him to pieces; but cannot he fathom the
+      Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly compute these, and mechanize them to
+      grind the other way?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but to
+      bid him open his eyes and look. In which country, in which time, was it
+      hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+      calculated or calculable 'Motives'? What make ye of your Christianities,
+      and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+      Terror? Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in <i>Love</i>?
+      Did he never stand so much as a contested Election? Leave him to Time, and
+      the medicating virtue of Nature."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+      Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might say,
+      Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to lead
+      us hellward. Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense but the
+      implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of? Ever in the dullest
+      existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness (thou
+      partly hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in from the
+      circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little islet of
+      Time. The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou canst not
+      make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving retina, healthy or
+      diseased. Have not I myself known five hundred living soldiers sabred into
+      crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which they called their Flag;
+      which, had you sold it at any market-cross, would not have brought above
+      three groschen? Did not the whole Hungarian Nation rise, like some
+      tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser Joseph pocketed their Iron
+      Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously observed, in size and commercial
+      value little differing from a horse-shoe? It is in and through <i>Symbols</i>
+      that man, consciously or unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being:
+      those ages, moreover, are accounted the noblest which can the best
+      recognize symbolical worth, and prize it the highest. For is not a Symbol
+      ever, to him who has eyes for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the
+      Godlike?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+      and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only. What, for instance, was in
+      that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign in
+      their <i>Bauernkrieg</i> (Peasants' War)? Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+      which the Netherland <i>Gueux</i>, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+      heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+      Intrinsic significance these had none: only extrinsic; as the accidental
+      Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in which
+      union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+      borrowing of the Godlike. Under a like category, too, stand, or stood, the
+      stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+      generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs: they have
+      no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have acquired an
+      extrinsic one. Nevertheless through all these there glimmers something of
+      a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the Divine Idea of
+      Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of Right. Nay the
+      highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the Cross itself, had
+      no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning,
+      and is of itself <i>fit</i> that men should unite round it. Let but the
+      Godlike manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less
+      visibly, through the Time-Figure (<i>Zeitbild</i>)! Then is it fit that
+      men unite there; and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day
+      to day, and from age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art: in them (if thou know a
+      Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+      through Time; the Godlike rendered visible. Here too may an extrinsic
+      value gradually superadd itself: thus certain <i>Iliads</i>, and the like,
+      have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance. But nobler
+      than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men; for what
+      other Work of Art is so divine? In Death too, in the Death of the Just, as
+      the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern symbolic meaning?
+      In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory, resting over the
+      beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if thou canst for tears)
+      the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some gleam of the latter peering
+      through.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen
+      into Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the
+      Same: I mean religious Symbols. Various enough have been such religious
+      Symbols, what we call <i>Religions</i>; as men stood in this stage of
+      culture or the other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike:
+      some Symbols with a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an
+      extrinsic. If thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner,
+      look on our divinest Symbol: on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his
+      Biography, and what followed therefrom. Higher has the human Thought not
+      yet reached: this is Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite
+      perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be
+      anew inquired into, and anew made manifest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+      likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them;
+      and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos has not
+      ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+      distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like a
+      receding Star. It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+      reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+      know that it <i>was</i> a Sun. So likewise a day comes when the Runic
+      Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African
+      Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished. For all things, even
+      Celestial Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise,
+      their culmination, their decline.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but a
+      piece of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and truly,
+      as Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.' A right Conjurer might I
+      name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the divine
+      virtue they once held.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of this thing, however, be certain: wouldst thou plant for Eternity, then
+      plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and Heart;
+      wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+      superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding, what
+      will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World will we
+      call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can shape new
+      Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such too will not
+      always be wanting; neither perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as the average of
+      matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can so much as tell
+      when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When, as the last English Coronation [*] I was preparing," concludes this
+      wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+      England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King, had
+      brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+      assistance,' I said to myself: Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+      superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters and
+      rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+      dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if
+      you shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+      suffocation?"
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * That of George IV.&mdash;ED.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0025" id="link2HCH0025">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting, to a
+      certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled <i>Institute for the
+      Repression of Population</i>; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+      leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag <i>Pisces</i>.
+      Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire little; but
+      of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand, which rather
+      copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right place here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Into the Hofrath's <i>Institute</i>, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+      machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+      glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+      Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+      eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath; something
+      like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms of Madness.
+      Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there light;
+      nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider and wider;
+      a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by its too dense
+      inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating one another. To
+      make air for himself in which strangulation, choking enough to a
+      benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found, this <i>Institute</i>
+      of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our Professor's comments
+      thereon that we concern ourselves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical, has his
+      own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and courtesies
+      have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the blank cover
+      of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly engrossed:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Two men I honor, and no third. First, the toilworn Craftsman that with
+      earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes her man's.
+      Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein notwithstanding
+      lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of the Sceptre of this
+      Planet. Venerable too is the rugged face, all weather-tanned, besoiled,
+      with its rude intelligence; for it is the face of a Man living manlike.
+      Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness, and even because we must pity
+      as well as love thee! Hardly-entreated Brother! For us was thy back so
+      bent, for us were thy straight limbs and fingers so deformed: thou wert
+      our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and fighting our battles wert so
+      marred. For in thee too lay a god-created Form, but it was not to be
+      unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the thick adhesions and defacements
+      of Labor: and thy body, like thy soul, was not to know freedom. Yet toil
+      on, toil on: <i>thou</i> art in thy duty, be out of it who may; thou
+      toilest for the altogether indispensable, for daily bread.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A second man I honor, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling for
+      the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of Life. Is
+      not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony; revealing
+      this, by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors, be they high
+      or low? Highest of all, when his outward and his inward endeavor are one:
+      when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman only, but inspired
+      Thinker, who with heaven-made Implement conquers Heaven for us! If the
+      poor and humble toil that we have Food, must not the high and glorious
+      toil for him in return, that he have Light, have Guidance, Freedom,
+      Immortality?&mdash;These two, in all their degrees, I honor: all else is
+      chaff and dust, which let the wind blow whither it listeth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+      and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+      toiling inwardly for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+      than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with. Such a one will
+      take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of Heaven
+      spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light shining in
+      great darkness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And again: "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor: we
+      must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is worse;
+      no faithful workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry and
+      athirst; but for him also there is food and drink: he is heavy-laden and
+      weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest; in his
+      smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+      glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do mourn over is, that the
+      lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of
+      earthly knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness,
+      like two spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company. Alas, while the
+      Body stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed,
+      stupefied, almost annihilated! Alas, was this too a Breath of God;
+      bestowed in Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!&mdash;That there
+      should one Man die ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call a
+      tragedy, were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by
+      some computations it does. The miserable fraction of Science which our
+      united Mankind, in a wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is not
+      this, with all diligence, imparted to all?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Quite in an opposite strain is the following: "The old Spartans had a
+      wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+      spitted them, when they grew too numerous. With our improved fashions of
+      hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and standing
+      armies, how much easier were such a hunt! Perhaps in the most thickly
+      peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot all the
+      able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year. Let Governments
+      think of this. The expense were trifling: nay the very carcasses would pay
+      it. Have them salted and barrelled; could not you victual therewith, if
+      not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers, in workhouses and
+      elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of them, might see
+      good to keep alive?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong. A
+      full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high as two
+      hundred Friedrichs d'or: such is his worth to the world. A full-formed Man
+      is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world could afford him a
+      round sum would he simply engage to go and hang himself. Nevertheless,
+      which of the two was the more cunningly devised article, even as an
+      Engine? Good Heavens! A white European Man, standing on his two Legs, with
+      his two five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones, and miraculous Head on
+      his shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty to a hundred Horses!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere: "too crowded
+      indeed! Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+      have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more? How thick
+      stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round
+      ancient Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the
+      Altaic chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey,
+      Crim Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare? One man, in one year, as I have
+      understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+      Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+      still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+      enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses of
+      indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe and
+      war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare? Where are they?&mdash;Preserving
+      their Game!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0026" id="link2HCH0026">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+      numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these Writings
+      of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for conclusion,
+      that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society, properly so
+      called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the gregarious feelings,
+      and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold us from Dispersion,
+      and universal national, civil, domestic and personal war! He says
+      expressly: "For the last three centuries, above all for the last three
+      quarters of a century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue (as we named
+      it) of Religion, where lies the Life-essence of Society, has been smote at
+      and perforated, needfully and needlessly; till now it is quite rent into
+      shreds; and Society, long pining, diabetic, consumptive, can be regarded
+      as defunct; for those spasmodic, galvanic sprawlings are not life; neither
+      indeed will they endure, galvanize as you may, beyond two days."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+      Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only of
+      a common over-crowded Lodging-house? Where each, isolated, regardless of
+      his neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get, and
+      cries 'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and cut-throat
+      Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort, can be employed?
+      Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible tradition; and your
+      holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern Dinner, with Cook for
+      Evangelist? Where your Priest has no tongue but for plate-licking: and
+      your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but on all hands hear it
+      passionately proclaimed: <i>Laissez faire</i>; Leave us alone of <i>your</i>
+      guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you your wages, and
+      sleep!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere that
+      saddest spectacle: The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+      Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly,
+      of Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth. The Highest in rank, at length,
+      without honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor, as
+      from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill. Once-sacred Symbols
+      fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the expense; a World
+      becoming dismantled: in one word, the STATE fallen speechless, from
+      obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a Police-Office, straitened
+      to get its pay!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical men
+      in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or is it
+      only from the mystic elevation of a German <i>Wahngasse</i> that such
+      wonders are visible? Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a "deceased
+      or expiring Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs may read.
+      "What, for example," says he, "is the universally arrogated Virtue, almost
+      the sole remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days? For some half-century,
+      it has been the thing you name 'Independence.' Suspicion of 'Servility,'
+      of reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech is anxious to disavow.
+      Fools! Were your Superiors worthy to govern, and you worthy to obey,
+      reverence for them were even your only possible freedom. Independence, in
+      all kinds, is rebellion; if unjust rebellion, why parade it, and
+      everywhere prescribe it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But what then? Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+      Nature? "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what can
+      follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+      putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching with
+      its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile, where, amid
+      wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most, the venerable
+      Corpse is to be burnt. Or, in plain words, that these men, Liberals,
+      Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately carry their
+      point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions of Society,
+      seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament come
+      to light even in insulated England? A living nucleus, that will attract
+      and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious phasis;
+      properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear of the
+      others as to fancy itself the van. Our European Mechanizers are a sect of
+      boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit: has not
+      Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among ourselves,
+      and in every European country, at some time or other, within the last
+      fifty years? If now in all countries, except perhaps England, it has
+      ceased to flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk to
+      Journalists and the popular mass,&mdash;who sees not that, as hereby it no
+      longer preaches, so the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is in
+      full universal Action, the doctrine everywhere known, and enthusiastically
+      laid to heart? The fit pabulum, in these times, for a certain rugged
+      workshop intellect and heart, nowise without their corresponding workshop
+      strength and ferocity, it requires but to be stated in such scenes to make
+      proselytes enough.&mdash;Admirably calculated for destroying, only not for
+      rebuilding! It spreads like a sort of Dog-madness; till the whole
+      World-kennel will be rabid: then woe to the Huntsmen, with or without
+      their whips! They should have given the quadrupeds water," adds he; "the
+      water, namely, of Knowledge and of Life, while it was yet time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour in
+      a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+      Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! "The World,"
+      says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and waste,
+      which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker combustion,
+      as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the past Forms of
+      Society; replace them with what it may. For the present, it is
+      contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once <i>divested</i>,
+      these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt; but the
+      sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish watch-coat
+      for the defence of the Body only!"&mdash;This, we think, is but Job's-news
+      to the humane reader.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there that
+      can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit of the
+      Time: Turn back, I command thee?&mdash;Wiser were it that we yielded to
+      the Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+      stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded to
+      this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat waiting
+      the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference, if not even
+      Placidity? Did we not hear him complain that the World was a "huge
+      Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining down
+      everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him? What with those
+      "unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven <i>sic vos non vobis</i> pressure
+      and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in existing things;
+      what with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles and spiders, yet
+      glaring out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a ghastly affectation of
+      life,"&mdash;we feel entitled to conclude him even willing that much
+      should be thrown to the Devil, so it were but done gently! Safe himself in
+      that "Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would consent, with a tragic
+      solemnity, that the monster UTILITARIA, held back, indeed, and moderated
+      by nose-rings, halters, foot-shackles, and every conceivable modification
+      of rope, should go forth to do her work;&mdash;to tread down old ruinous
+      Palaces and Temples with her broad hoof, till the whole were trodden down,
+      that new and better might be built! Remarkable in this point of view are
+      the following sentences.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Society," says he, "is not dead: that Carcass, which you call dead
+      Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume a
+      nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer and fairer
+      development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity. Wheresoever two
+      or three Living Men are gathered together, there is Society; or there it
+      will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous structures,
+      overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to Heaven and
+      downwards to Gehenna: for always, under one or the other figure, it has
+      two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the Pulpit, namely,
+      and the Gallows."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+      weaving for herself new Vestures;"&mdash;Teufelsdrockh himself being one
+      of the loom-treadles? Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange
+      aphorism of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be
+      said: "<i>L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le
+      passe, est devant nous</i>; The golden age, which a blind tradition has
+      hitherto placed in the Past, is Before us."&mdash;But listen again:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+      flying! Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+      have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+      consumed there. Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will get
+      singed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+      completed, you need not ask. The law of Perseverance is among the deepest
+      in man: by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his old house till
+      it has actually fallen about his ears. Thus have I seen Solemnities linger
+      as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to the extent of three
+      hundred years and more after all life and sacredness had evaporated out of
+      them. And then, finally, what time the Phoenix Death-Birth itself will
+      require, depends on unseen contingencies.&mdash;Meanwhile, would Destiny
+      offer Mankind, that after, say two centuries of convulsion and
+      conflagration, more or less vivid, the fire-creation should be
+      accomplished, and we to find ourselves again in a Living Society, and no
+      longer fighting but working,&mdash;were it not perhaps prudent in Mankind
+      to strike the bargain?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be
+      deliberately burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the
+      faith that she is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one will
+      rise out of her ashes! We ourselves, restricted to the duty of Indicator,
+      shall forbear commentary. Meanwhile, will not the judicious reader shake
+      his head, and reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in anger, say or
+      think: From a <i>Doctor utriusque Juris</i>, titular Professor in a
+      University, and man to whom hitherto, for his services, Society, bad as
+      she is, has given not only food and raiment (of a kind), but books,
+      tobacco and gukguk, we expected more gratitude to his benefactress; and
+      less of a blind trust in the future which resembles that rather of a
+      philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast, than of a solid householder paying
+      scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0027" id="link2HCH0027">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in practice
+      probably the politest man extant: his whole heart and life are penetrated
+      and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural Courtesy
+      shines through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight, making a
+      rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds; nay
+      brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the crucible of
+      an alchemist. Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he expresses
+      himself on this head:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich? In
+      Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as it
+      gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully insists
+      on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth or birth:
+      but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due from all men
+      towards all men. Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his post, and worth
+      anything when there, this, with so much else, would be reformed. Nay, each
+      man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till at length a
+      rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with, than a Peasant
+      unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not that the clod he
+      broke was created in Heaven.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE;
+      is not this thy brother ALIVE? 'There is but one temple in the world,'
+      says Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man. Nothing is holier than
+      this high Form. Bending before men is a reverence done to this Revelation
+      in the Flesh. We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a human Body.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and whereas
+      the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with a
+      shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no hat
+      whatever. Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+      Impersonation of the Divinity? And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+      serves not. For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity; and
+      too often the bow is but pocketed by the <i>former</i>. It would go to the
+      pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in these
+      times); therefore must we withhold it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells and
+      outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer lodges,
+      but only the pure emblem and effigies of Man: I mean, to Empty, or even to
+      Cast Clothes. Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do reverence: to the
+      fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling animal with bandy legs'
+      which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of? Who ever saw any Lord my-lorded
+      in tattered blanket fastened with wooden skewer? Nevertheless, I say,
+      there is in such worship a shade of hypocrisy, a practical deception: for
+      how often does the Body appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only!
+      Whoso would avoid falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps
+      see good to take a different course. That reverence which cannot act
+      without obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have
+      free course when they are empty. Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the
+      Pagoda is not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow
+      cloth Garment with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man: nay, with
+      more, for I now fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did not King <i>Toomtabard</i>, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign
+      long over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the
+      'Toom Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining? What still dignity dwells in a suit
+      of Cast Clothes! How meekly it bears its honors! No haughty looks, no
+      scornful gesture: silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+      demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it. The Hat still carries the
+      physiognomy of its Head: but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+      goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone. The Coat-arm is
+      stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+      depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat hides
+      no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells not in it.
+      Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the carking cares and
+      foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its Clothes-horse; as, on a
+      Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified Apparition, visiting our
+      low Earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized Life,
+      the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny, under that
+      ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan broth; and was
+      one lone soul amid those grinding millions;&mdash;often have I turned into
+      their Old-Clothes Market to worship. With awe-struck heart I walk through
+      that Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a Sanhedrim of
+      stainless Ghosts. Silent are they, but expressive in their silence: the
+      past witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions, Virtues,
+      Crimes, and all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the Prison men
+      call Life.' Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom Old Clothes
+      are not venerable. Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded Jewish
+      High-priest, who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom, summons them
+      from the four winds! On his head, like the Pope, he has three Hats,&mdash;a
+      real triple tiara; on either hand are the similitude of wings, whereon the
+      summoned Garments come to alight; and ever, as he slowly cleaves the air,
+      sounds forth his deep fateful note, as if through a trumpet he were
+      proclaiming: 'Ghosts of Life, come to Judgment!' Reck not, ye fluttering
+      Ghosts: he will purify you in his Purgatory, with fire and with water;
+      and, one day, new-created ye shall reappear. Oh, let him in whom the flame
+      of Devotion is ready to go out, who has never worshipped, and knows not
+      what to worship, pace and repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of
+      Monmouth Street, and say whether his heart and his eyes still continue
+      dry. If Field Lane, with its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs,
+      be a Dionysius' Ear, where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the
+      Indictment which Poverty and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has
+      left them there cast out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the
+      Devil,&mdash;then is Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley
+      vision, the whole Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its
+      wail and jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and
+      gallows-ropes, farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,&mdash;the Bedlam of
+      Creation!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged. We
+      too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+      "Devotion:" probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+      fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in that
+      Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+      Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves
+      to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be
+      allowed to linger there without molestation.&mdash;Something we would have
+      given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and
+      loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in
+      austerest thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic
+      avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life"
+      rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh, that
+      listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum hearest
+      the grass grow!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents destined
+      for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic diary of this
+      his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among the Clothes-shops only
+      the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in conversation (for, indeed,
+      he was not a man to pester you with his Travels), have we heard him more
+      than allude to the subject.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+      early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+      Clothes-Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+      Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+      Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his soul,&mdash;as
+      in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a Universe!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0028" id="link2HCH0028">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself, and
+      burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a handsome
+      bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries," there seems
+      to lie but an ashy prospect. Not altogether so, however, does the
+      Professor figure it. "In the living subject," says he, "change is wont to
+      be gradual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the new is already
+      formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning of a World-Phoenix, who
+      fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a dead cinereous heap;
+      and therefrom the young one start up by miracle, and fly heavenward. Far
+      otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and Destruction proceed
+      together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown about, do organic
+      filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves: and amid the rushing
+      and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of a melodious
+      Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious Birth-song.
+      Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and thou wilt see."
+      Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who cannot expect to live
+      two centuries, those same organic filaments, mysteriously spinning
+      themselves, will be the best part of the spectacle. First, therefore, this
+      of Mankind in general:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother. Thy
+      very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in thy
+      splenetic humor: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I a
+      Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not thou!
+      I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+      soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like to
+      choose it. More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+      whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts: 'Wert
+      thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+      imaginable Glass bell,&mdash;what a thing it were, not for thyself only,
+      but for the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds,
+      impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread: neither from
+      within comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts
+      fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing
+      hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that, taking
+      and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there has a Hole
+      fallen out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which must be
+      darned up again!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages, paper and
+      other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are a blood-circulation,
+      visible to the eye: but the finer nervous circulation, by which all
+      things, the minutest that he does, minutely influence all men, and the
+      very look of his face blesses or curses whomso it lights on, and so
+      generates ever new blessing or new cursing: all this you cannot see, but
+      only imagine. I say, there is not a red Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg,
+      can quarrel with his squaw, but the whole world must smart for it: will
+      not the price of beaver rise? It is a mathematical fact that the casting
+      of this pebble from my hand alters the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+      indissolubly does generation with generation. Hast thou ever meditated on
+      that word, Tradition: how we inherit not Life only, but all the garniture
+      and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and feel, as our
+      Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning, have given it us?&mdash;Who
+      printed thee, for example, this unpretending Volume on the Philosophy of
+      Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and Company; but Cadmus of Thebes,
+      Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others whom thou knowest not. Had there
+      been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there had been no English Shakspeare, or a
+      different one. Simpleton! It was Tubal-cain that made thy very Tailor's
+      needle, and sewed that court-suit of thine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more
+      is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which
+      Nature were not. As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual
+      Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those
+      main currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions,
+      Polities, Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand and
+      know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator
+      thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou wilt
+      transmit it to the whole Future. It is thus that the heroic heart, the
+      seeing eye of the first times, still feels and sees in us of the latest;
+      that the Wise Man stands ever encompassed, and spiritually embraced, by a
+      cloud of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living, literal <i>Communion
+      of Saints</i>, wide as the World itself, and as the History of the World.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same
+      Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations. Generations
+      are as the Days of toilsome Mankind: Death and Birth are the vesper and
+      the matin bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for
+      new advancement. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy; but
+      has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and roll
+      onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but ever
+      completing. Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there is also a
+      fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still higher points
+      of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time, followed by an
+      Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction, as this also is
+      from time to time a necessary work, thou findest a like sequence and
+      perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand by that burning
+      of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at the glimmering
+      ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I note, the English
+      Whig has, in the second generation, become an English Radical; who, in the
+      third again, it is to be hoped, will become an English Rebuilder. Find
+      Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in living movement, in progress
+      faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft, hovers with outstretched wings,
+      filling Earth with her music; or, as now, she sinks, and with spheral
+      swan-song immolates herself in flame, that she may soar the higher and
+      sing the clearer."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this to
+      heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin another
+      passage, concerning Titles:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles
+      of Honor come hitherto from Fighting. Your <i>Herzog</i> (Duke, <i>Dux</i>)
+      is Leader of Armies; your Earl (<i>Jarl</i>) is Strong Man; your Marshal
+      cavalry Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having
+      from of old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more
+      indubitable, may it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will
+      cease to be palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of
+      King. <i>Konig</i> (King), anciently <i>Konning</i>, means Ken-ning
+      (Cunning), or which is the same thing, Can-ning. Ever must the Sovereign
+      of Mankind be fitly entitled King."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians: a King
+      rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+      will never give it him. Can I choose my own King? I can choose my own King
+      Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he who is to
+      be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen for me in
+      Heaven. Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen is Freedom
+      so much as conceivable."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+      Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+      astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with
+      our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict of
+      Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle for the
+      Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable Constitution kept
+      warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves in this spectral
+      Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the Unborn, where the
+      Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film dividing the Past
+      and the Future? In those dim long-drawn expanses, all is so immeasurable;
+      much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and straggling
+      light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with such an
+      indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the inevitably
+      coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant by centuries
+      or only by days), does he sit;&mdash;and live, you would say, rather in
+      any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to announce, or
+      repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep, silent,
+      slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with
+      shuddering admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+      Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: "Satisfy yourselves,"
+      he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing
+      or will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and so
+      vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically hatched
+      and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or at worst, in
+      some other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or Steam-mechanism. It
+      were a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of manufacture witnessed
+      hitherto." Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the British constitution, even
+      slightly?&mdash;He says, under another figure: "But after all, were the
+      problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To rebuild your old House from
+      the top downwards (since you must live in it the while), what better, what
+      other, than the Representative Machine will serve your turn? Meanwhile,
+      however, mock me not with the name of Free, 'when you have but knit up my
+      chains into ornamental festoons.'"&mdash;Or what will any member of the
+      Peace Society make of such an assertion as this: "The lower people
+      everywhere desire War. Not so unwisely; there is then a demand for lower
+      people&mdash;to be shot!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths of
+      speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions. Here, looking
+      round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+      touching "Hero-worship," be of the number? It seems of a cheerful
+      character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how little,
+      may lie under it. Our readers shall look with their own eyes:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+      obey. True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less bear
+      rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of nothing,
+      the equal of nothing. Nevertheless, believe not that man has lost his
+      faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone dead. Painful
+      for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has become
+      inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he feel
+      safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel
+      himself exalted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this: that
+      man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen into
+      perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+      whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey. Before no faintest
+      revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all, when
+      the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man. Thus is there a true
+      religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all ages, even in
+      ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox <i>Hero-worship</i>.
+      In which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed, and will forever
+      exist, universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern the corner-stone of
+      living rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest time may stand secure."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+      Teufelsdrockh, is looking at? He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+      and Voltaire? How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+      and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+      could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a smile
+      from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair beneath
+      his feet! All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though their
+      Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what will
+      be done in the green? If, in the most parched season of Man's History, in
+      the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was at best but a
+      scientific <i>Hortus Siccus</i>, bedizened with some Italian Gumflowers,
+      such virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for when Life again
+      waves leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall have nothing apelike,
+      but be wholly human? Know that there is in man a quite indestructible
+      Reverence for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even plausibly counterfeits
+      such holding. Show the dullest clodpoll, show the haughtiest featherhead,
+      that a soul higher than himself is actually here; were his knees stiffened
+      into brass, he must down and worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+      themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no Church, sayest thou? The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+      This is even what I dispute: but in any case, hast thou not still
+      Preaching enough? A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village; and
+      builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper. Therefrom he preaches what most
+      momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost not thou
+      listen, and believe? Look well, thou seest everywhere a new Clergy of the
+      Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost bare-backed, fashion itself
+      into shape, and teach and preach, zealously enough, for copper alms and
+      the love of God. These break in pieces the ancient idols; and, though
+      themselves too often reprobate, as idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out
+      the sites of new Churches, where the true God-ordained, that are to
+      follow, may find audience, and minister. Said I not, Before the old skin
+      was shed, the new had formed itself beneath it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+      ravelled sleeve:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor. "Fool! I tell thee,
+      there is. Hast thou well considered all that lies in this immeasurable
+      froth-ocean we name LITERATURE? Fragments of a genuine Church-<i>Homiletic</i>
+      lie scattered there, which Time will assort: nay fractions even of a <i>Liturgy</i>
+      could I point out. And knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture,
+      environment, and dialect of this age? None to whom the Godlike had
+      revealed itself, through all meanest and highest forms of the Common; and
+      by him been again prophetically revealed: in whose inspired melody, even
+      in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days, Man's Life again begins, were
+      it but afar off, to be divine? Knowest thou none such? I know him, and
+      name him&mdash;Goethe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+      feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people
+      perish? Be of comfort! Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith. Spake we
+      not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and
+      brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic Sufferings
+      rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all
+      times, as a sacred <i>Miserere</i>; their heroic Actions also, as a
+      boundless everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no
+      Symbol of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is
+      not Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a
+      perpetual Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old,
+      hear the Morning Stars sing together."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0029" id="link2HCH0029">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It is in his stupendous Section, headed <i>Natural Supernaturalism</i>,
+      that the Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as
+      we have witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+      Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof. Phantasms
+      enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of Imperial
+      Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not: yet still did he
+      courageously pierce through. Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+      world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round him,
+      perplexing and bewildering: but with these also he now resolutely
+      grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder. In a word, he has
+      looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly hulls
+      and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision, the
+      interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains to
+      Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us safe into
+      the promised land, where <i>Palingenesia</i>, in all senses, may be
+      considered as beginning. "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with
+      better right than Diogenes the First once did. This stupendous Section we,
+      after long painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible; but,
+      on the contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating. Let the
+      reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect is in
+      him, do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment, shall
+      study to do ours:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly begins
+      the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine. Meanwhile, the
+      question of questions were: What specially is a Miracle? To that Dutch
+      King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried with him an
+      air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a miracle. To my
+      Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific, do not I work a
+      miracle, and magical '<i>Open sesame</i>!<i>'</i> every time I please to
+      pay twopence, and open for him an impassable <i>Schlagbaum</i>, or shut
+      Turnpike?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?' ask
+      several. Whom I answer by this new question: What are the Laws of Nature?
+      To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation of these
+      Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first penetrated
+      into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been, brought to
+      bear on us with its Material Force.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment: On what ground shall
+      one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore he can teach
+      Religion? To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such declaration were
+      inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the First Century, was
+      full of meaning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries an
+      illuminated class: 'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move by
+      unalterable rules?' Probable enough, good friends: nay I, too, must
+      believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+      variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that Nature,
+      that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be prevented from
+      calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable rules. And now of
+      you, too, I make the old inquiry: What those same unalterable rules,
+      forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may possibly be?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+      records of Man's Experience?&mdash;Was Man with his Experience present at
+      the Creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any deepest scientific
+      individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and gauged
+      everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that they read
+      His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say, This stands
+      marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise! These
+      scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are; have seen
+      some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is infinite,
+      without bottom as without shore.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+      with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in a
+      course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+      succeeded in detecting,&mdash;is to me as precious as to another. But is
+      this what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the
+      World;' this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen
+      thousand Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons,
+      and inert Balls, had been&mdash;looked at, nick-named, and marked in the
+      Zodiacal Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their
+      How, their Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "System of Nature! To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+      remains of quite <i>infinite</i> depth, of quite infinite expansion; and
+      all Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+      measured square-miles. The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+      fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us: but who knows what deeper
+      courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our
+      little Epicycle revolves on? To the Minnow every cranny and pebble, and
+      quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become familiar:
+      but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic Currents, the
+      Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all which the condition
+      of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time to time
+      (unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed? Such a minnow is
+      Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable All; his
+      Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence through
+      AEons of AEons.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We speak of the Volume of Nature: and truly a Volume it is,&mdash;whose
+      Author and Writer is God. To read it! Dost thou, does man, so much as well
+      know the Alphabet thereof? With its Words, Sentences, and grand
+      descriptive Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar
+      Systems, and Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee. It is a Volume
+      written in celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which
+      even Prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.
+      As for your Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely;
+      and, from amid the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic
+      writing, pick out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar
+      Character, and therefrom put together this and the other economic Recipe,
+      of high avail in Practice. That Nature is more than some boundless Volume
+      of such Recipes, or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible Domestic-Cookery Book,
+      of which the whole secret will in this manner one day evolve itself, the
+      fewest dream.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all. Consider
+      well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers; and weaves
+      air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby indeed these
+      dwell with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our houses and
+      workshops; but their spiritual nature becomes, to the most, forever
+      hidden. Philosophy complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from the
+      first; that we do everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that our very
+      Axioms, let us boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest simply such
+      Beliefs as we have never heard questioned. Nay, what is Philosophy
+      throughout but a continual battle against Custom; an ever-renewed effort
+      to <i>transcend</i> the sphere of blind Custom, and so become
+      Transcendental?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom: but of
+      all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+      Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous. True, it is by
+      this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder: and herein is
+      Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit. But she is a
+      fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when, in our
+      resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception. Am I to view
+      the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen it twice, or
+      two hundred, or two million times? There is no reason in Nature or in Art
+      why I should: unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine, for whom the
+      divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial gift of Steam is
+      to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be spun, and money and
+      money's worth realized.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+      Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+      Garments. Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology, we
+      have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves. Seldom reflecting that
+      still the new question comes upon us: What is Madness, what are Nerves?
+      Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific, altogether <i>infernal</i>
+      boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through this fair-painted Vision of
+      Creation, which swims thereon, which we name the Real. Was Luther's
+      Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it were formed within the
+      bodily eye, or without it? In every the wisest Soul lies a whole world of
+      internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire; out of which, indeed, his
+      world of Wisdom has been creatively built together, and now rests there,
+      as on its dark foundations does a habitable flowery Earth rind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+      other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+      SPACE and TIME. These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth itself,
+      to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind it,&mdash;lie
+      all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof, whereby all
+      minor Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint themselves.
+      In vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip them off; you
+      can, at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look through.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+      Anywhere, behold he was There. By this means had Fortunatus triumphed over
+      Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but all was
+      Here. Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+      Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world we
+      should have of it! Still stranger, should, on the opposite side of the
+      street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his fellow-craftsman
+      made Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating! Of both would I
+      purchase, were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of this latter. To
+      clap on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were Anywhere,
+      straightway to be <i>There</i>! Next to clap on your other felt, and,
+      simply by wishing that you were <i>Anywhen</i>, straightway to be <i>Then</i>!
+      This were indeed the grander: shooting at will from the Fire-Creation of
+      the World to its Fire-Consummation; here historically present in the First
+      Century, conversing face to face with Paul and Seneca; there prophetically
+      in the Thirty-first, conversing also face to face with other Pauls and
+      Senecas, who as yet stand hidden in the depth of that late Time!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable? Is the Past
+      annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only future?
+      Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already answer: already
+      through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded summonest both Past
+      and Future, and communest with them, though as yet darkly, and with mute
+      beckonings. The curtains of Yesterday drop down, the curtains of To-morrow
+      roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both <i>are</i>. Pierce through the
+      Time-element, glance into the Eternal. Believe what thou findest written
+      in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all Thinkers, in all ages, have
+      devoutly read it there: that Time and Space are not God, but creations of
+      God; that with God as it is a universal HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?&mdash;O Heaven! Is the
+      white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+      behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+      receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+      journeyed on alone,&mdash;but a pale spectral Illusion! Is the lost Friend
+      still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with God!&mdash;know
+      of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are perishable;
+      that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and whatever will
+      be, is even now and forever. This, should it unhappily seem new, thou
+      mayest ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years, or the next
+      twenty centuries: believe it thou must; understand it thou canst not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are
+      sent into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole
+      Practical reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings, seems
+      altogether fit, just, and unavoidable. But that they should, furthermore,
+      usurp such sway over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind us to the wonder
+      everywhere lying close on us, seems nowise so. Admit Space and Time to
+      their due rank as Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou wilt, to their quite
+      undue rank of Realities: and consider, then, with thyself how their thin
+      disguises hide from us the brightest God-effulgences! Thus, were it not
+      miraculous, could I stretch forth my hand and clutch the Sun? Yet thou
+      seest me daily stretch forth my hand and therewith clutch many a thing,
+      and swing it hither and thither. Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy
+      that the Miracle lies in miles of distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of
+      weight; and not to see that the true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle
+      lies in this, that I can stretch forth my hand at all; that I have free
+      Force to clutch aught therewith? Innumerable other of this sort are the
+      deceptions, and wonder-hiding stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still worse is it with regard to Time. Your grand anti-magician, and
+      universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time. Had we but the
+      Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves in
+      a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and
+      feats of Magic, were outdone. But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and
+      man, poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without
+      one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+      walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre? Yet tell me, Who built
+      these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+      dance along from the <i>Steinbruch</i> (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+      frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and Ionic
+      pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets? Was it not the still
+      higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the divine Music
+      of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man? Our highest Orpheus walked in
+      Judea, eighteen hundred years ago: his sphere-melody, flowing in wild
+      native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and, being of a
+      truth sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now with thousand-fold
+      accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our hearts; and
+      modulates, and divinely leads them. Is that a wonder, which happens in two
+      hours; and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in two million? Not
+      only was Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but without the music of
+      some inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no work that man glories in
+      ever done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from the near
+      moving-cause to its far distant Mover: The stroke that came transmitted
+      through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a stroke than if the
+      last ball only had been struck, and sent flying? Oh, could I (with the
+      Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from the Beginnings, to the
+      Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy heart set flaming in the
+      Light-sea of celestial wonder! Then sawest thou that this fair Universe,
+      were it in the meanest province thereof, is in very deed the star-domed
+      City of God; that through every star, through every grass-blade, and most
+      through every Living Soul, the glory of a present God still beams. But
+      Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God, and reveals Him to the wise,
+      hides Him from the foolish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic Ghost?
+      The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could not,
+      though he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and tapped
+      on coffins. Foolish Doctor! Did he never, with the mind's eye as well as
+      with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human Life he so
+      loved; did he never so much as look into Himself? The good Doctor was a
+      Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish; well-nigh a million of
+      Ghosts were travelling the streets by his side. Once more I say, sweep
+      away the illusion of Time; compress the threescore years into three
+      minutes: what else was he, what else are we? Are we not Spirits, that are
+      shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and that fade away again into air
+      and Invisibility? This is no metaphor, it is a simple scientific <i>fact</i>:
+      we start out of Nothingness, take figure, and are Apparitions; round us,
+      as round the veriest spectre, is Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as
+      years and aeons. Come there not tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial
+      harp-strings, like the Song of beatified Souls? And again, do not we
+      squeak and gibber (in our discordant, screech-owlish debatings and
+      recriminatings); and glide bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar (<i>poltern</i>),
+      and revel in our mad Dance of the Dead,&mdash;till the scent of the
+      morning air summons us to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake
+      and Day? Where now is Alexander of Macedon: does the steel Host, that
+      yelled in fierce battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or
+      have they all vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must? Napoleon
+      too, and his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns! Was it all other
+      than the veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that
+      made Night hideous, flitted away?&mdash;Ghosts! There are nigh a thousand
+      million walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have
+      vanished from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks
+      once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only
+      carry each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts! These
+      Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with its
+      burning Passion? They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered round
+      our ME: wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence is to
+      be revealed in the Flesh. That warrior on his strong war-horse, fire
+      flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart: but warrior
+      and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more. Stately they
+      tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance: fool! the Earth is but a
+      film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink beyond plummet's
+      sounding. Plummet's? Fantasy herself will not follow them. A little while
+      ago, they were not; a little while, and they are not, their very ashes are
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end. Generation
+      after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing
+      from Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS. What Force and Fire is
+      in each he expends: one grinding in the mill of Industry; one hunter-like
+      climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly dashed in pieces
+      on the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:&mdash;and then the
+      Heaven-sent is recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away, and soon even to
+      Sense becomes a vanished Shadow. Thus, like some wild-flaming,
+      wild-thundering train of Heaven's Artillery, does this mysterious MANKIND
+      thunder and flame, in long-drawn, quick-succeeding grandeur, through the
+      unknown Deep. Thus, like a God-created, fire-breathing Spirit-host, we
+      emerge from the Inane; haste stormfully across the astonished Earth; then
+      plunge again into the Inane. Earth's mountains are levelled, and her seas
+      filled up, in our passage: can the Earth, which is but dead and a vision,
+      resist Spirits which have reality and are alive? On the hardest adamant
+      some footprint of us is stamped in; the last Rear of the host will read
+      traces of the earliest Van. But whence?&mdash;O Heaven whither? Sense
+      knows not; Faith knows not; only that it is through Mystery to Mystery,
+      from God and to God.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+                        'We <i>are such stuff</i>
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0030" id="link2HCH0030">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Here, then, arises the so momentous question: Have many British Readers
+      actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy of
+      Clothes now at last opening around them? Long and adventurous has the
+      journey been: from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+      through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+      inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+      themselves! And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+      Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+      Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+      outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+      divided from what is unchangeable? Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in <i>Faust</i>,&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician, Shakespeare,&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      begin to have some meaning for us? In a word, do we at length stand safe
+      in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that Phoenix
+      Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears possible,
+      is seen to be inevitable?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor, by
+      Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+      complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope, that
+      many have travelled without accident. No firm arch, overspanning the
+      Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only, as was
+      said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon. Alas, and
+      the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck character; the
+      darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+      discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage, in
+      spite of all? Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+      courage. By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout; the
+      hand can stretch itself forth to work there: it is in this grand and
+      indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according to
+      ability. New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built; nay, may not
+      our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and repassings, be
+      mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable even for the
+      halt?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous and
+      full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no
+      longer by our side? The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar off, in
+      unsympathetic astonishment, at our career: not a few, pressing forward
+      with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now swim
+      weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards that.
+      To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some word of
+      encouragement be said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance Teufelsdrockh
+      unhappily has somewhat infected us,&mdash;can it be hidden from the Editor
+      that many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in head, and
+      afflicted rather than instructed by the present Work? Yes, long ago has
+      many a British Reader been, as now, demanding with something like a snarl:
+      Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in it?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+      faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in it;
+      but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat. Nevertheless, if
+      through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means of him,
+      have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the
+      Clothes-Screen, as through a magical <i>Pierre-Pertuis</i>, thou lookest,
+      even for moments, into the region of the Wonderful, and seest and feelest
+      that thy daily life is girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder, and thy very
+      blankets and breeches are Miracles,&mdash;then art thou profited beyond
+      money's worth; and hast a thankfulness towards our Professor; nay, perhaps
+      in many a literary Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and audibly express
+      that same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+      Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+      itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes; and
+      thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh cutting
+      into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness of
+      Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly a Vesture
+      and Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are articles of
+      wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)? In which case, must it not also
+      be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one, and may with
+      infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit: that it takes
+      scientific rank beside Codification, and Political Economy, and the Theory
+      of the British Constitution; nay rather, from its prophetic height looks
+      down on all these, as on so many weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where
+      the Vestures which <i>it</i> has to fashion, and consecrate, and
+      distribute, are, too often by haggard hungry operatives who see no farther
+      than their nose, mechanically woven and spun?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural
+      Supernaturalism, and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or
+      Transcendental portion of the Science, or bears never so remotely on that
+      promised Volume of the <i>Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft</i>
+      (Newbirth of Society),&mdash;we humbly suggest that no province of
+      Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is without its direct value, but that
+      innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn therefrom. To
+      say nothing of those pregnant considerations, ethical, political,
+      symbolical, which crowd on the Clothes-Philosopher from the very threshold
+      of his Science; nothing even of those "architectural ideas," which, as we
+      have seen, lurk at the bottom of all Modes, and will one day, better
+      unfolding themselves, lead to important revolutions,&mdash;let us glance
+      for a moment, and with the faintest light of Clothes-Philosophy, on what
+      may be called the Habilatory Class of our fellow-men. Here too
+      overlooking, where so much were to be looked on, the million spinners,
+      weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers, that puddle and muddle in
+      their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and die that we may live,&mdash;let
+      us but turn the reader's attention upon two small divisions of mankind,
+      who, like moths, may be regarded as Cloth-animals, creatures that live,
+      move and have their being in Cloth: we mean, Dandies and Tailors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without
+      scruple, that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at
+      fault; and even that the dictates of humanity are violated. As will
+      perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0031" id="link2HCH0031">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific strictness,
+      what a Dandy specially is. A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose
+      trade, office and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes. Every
+      faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is heroically consecrated to
+      this one object, the wearing of Clothes wisely and well: so that as others
+      dress to live, he lives to dress. The all-importance of Clothes, which a
+      German Professor, of unequalled learning and acumen, writes his enormous
+      Volume to demonstrate, has sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without
+      effort, like an instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of
+      Cloth. What Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with
+      him; and this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or
+      wring his heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea an
+      Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a witness
+      and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes. We called him a Poet:
+      is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes, with
+      cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow? Say, rather,
+      an Epos, and <i>Clotha Virumque cano</i>, to the whole world, in Macaronic
+      verses, which he that runs may read. Nay, if you grant, what seems to be
+      admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in him, and some
+      notions of Time and Space, is there not in this life-devotedness to Cloth,
+      in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal to the Perishable, something
+      (though in reverse order) of that blending and identification of Eternity
+      with Time, which, as we have seen, constitutes the Prophetic character?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+      what is it that the Dandy asks in return? Solely, we may say, that you
+      would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+      even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays of
+      light. Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has already
+      secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes. Understand
+      his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret it; do but
+      look at him, and he is contented. May we not well cry shame on an
+      ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will waste its
+      optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and over the
+      domestic wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with hasty
+      indifference, and a scarcely concealed contempt! Him no Zoologist classes
+      among the Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care: when did we see any
+      injected Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen of him
+      preserved in spirits! Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a snuff-brown
+      suit, with snuff-brown shirt and shoes: it skills not; the undiscerning
+      public, occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless on the other
+      side.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly speaking,
+      gone. Yet perhaps only gone to sleep: for here arises the
+      Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and the
+      other! Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the essential
+      nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that lies in him,
+      cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable hallucination.
+      The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh may set the
+      matter, if not in its true light, yet in the way towards such. It is to be
+      regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere, the Professor's keen
+      philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a certain mixture of almost
+      owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse, ineffectual, ironic
+      tendency; our readers shall judge which:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+      driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good men,
+      looking and longing and silently working there towards some new
+      Revelation; or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied
+      soul seeking its terrestrial organization,&mdash;into how many strange
+      shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and
+      errantly cast itself! The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the
+      while without Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly
+      active, and work blindly in the great chaotic deep: thus Sect after Sect,
+      and Church after Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into new
+      metamorphosis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+      worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements (of
+      Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and
+      monstrosities are best generated. Among the newer Sects of that country,
+      one of the most notable, and closely connected with our present subject,
+      is that of the <i>Dandies</i>; concerning which, what little information I
+      have been able to procure may fitly stand here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+      sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+      speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps rather a
+      Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the psychologic
+      eye its devotional and even sacrificial character plainly enough reveals
+      itself. Whether it belongs to the class of Fetish-worships, or of
+      Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other class, may in the present
+      state of our intelligence remain undecided (<i>schweben</i>). A certain
+      touch of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic shape, is discernible
+      enough; also (for human Error walks in a cycle, and reappears at
+      intervals) a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that Superstition of the
+      Athos Monks, who by fasting from all nourishment, and looking intensely
+      for a length of time into their own navels, came to discern therein the
+      true Apocalypse of Nature, and Heaven Unveiled. To my own surmise, it
+      appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new modification, adapted to
+      the new time, of that primeval Superstition, <i>Self-worship</i>; which
+      Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee, Mahomet, and others, strove rather to subordinate
+      and restrain than to eradicate; and which only in the purer forms of
+      Religion has been altogether rejected. Wherefore, if any one chooses to
+      name it revived Ahrimanism, or a new figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so
+      far as is yet visible, no objection.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect, display
+      courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's nature, though
+      never so enslaved. They affect great purity and separatism; distinguish
+      themselves by a particular costume (whereof some notices were given in the
+      earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so far as possible, by a
+      particular speech (apparently some broken <i>Lingua-franca</i>, or
+      English-French); and, on the whole, strive to maintain a true Nazarene
+      deportment, and keep themselves unspotted from the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+      stands in their metropolis; and is named <i>Almack's</i>, a word of
+      uncertain etymology. They worship principally by night; and have their
+      High-priests and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for life.
+      The rites, by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps with an
+      Eleusinian or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret. Nor are Sacred
+      Books wanting to the Sect; these they call <i>Fashionable Novels</i>:
+      however, the Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and others
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some
+      samples; and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an
+      Inquirer into Clothes, set to interpret and study them. But wholly to no
+      purpose: that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not
+      refuse me credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught. In
+      vain that I summoned my whole energies (<i>mich weidlich anstrengte</i>),
+      and did my very utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly
+      seized with not so much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind
+      of infinite, unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to
+      which the frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened. And if
+      I strove to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there came a
+      hitherto unfelt sensation, as of <i>Delirium Tremens</i>, and a melting
+      into total deliquium: till at last, by order of the Doctor, dreading ruin
+      to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties, and a general breaking up
+      of the constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly forbore. Was there
+      some miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls, and supernal and
+      infernal prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish Mysteries, have also
+      more than once scared back the Alien? Be this as it may, such failure on
+      my part, after best efforts, must excuse the imperfection of this sketch;
+      altogether incomplete, yet the completest I could give of a Sect too
+      singular to be omitted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+      private individual, to open another <i>Fashionable Novel</i>. But luckily,
+      in this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+      deliverance is held out to me. Round one of those Book-packages, which the
+      <i>Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung</i> is in the habit of importing from
+      England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets (<i>Maculatur-blatter</i>),
+      by way of interior wrappage: into these the Clothes-Philosopher, with a
+      certain Mahometan reverence even for waste-paper, where curious knowledge
+      will sometimes hover, disdains not to cast his eye. Readers may judge of
+      his astonishment when on such a defaced stray-sheet, probably the outcast
+      fraction of some English Periodical, such as they name <i>Magazine</i>,
+      appears something like a Dissertation on this very subject of <i>Fashionable
+      Novels</i>! It sets out, indeed, chiefly from a Secular point of view;
+      directing itself, not without asperity, against some to me unknown
+      individual named <i>Pelham</i>, who seems to be a Mystagogue, and leading
+      Teacher and Preacher of the Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise was not
+      to be expected in such a fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true secret, the
+      Religious physiognomy and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is nowise laid
+      fully open there. Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time to time
+      sparkle out, whereby I have endeavored to profit. Nay, in one passage
+      selected from the Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever they are
+      (for the style seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what appears
+      to be a Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the tenets
+      of that Sect. Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as proceeding
+      from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven distinct
+      Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+      therewith taking leave of this matter. Observe also, that to avoid
+      possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+      Original:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '1. Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+      time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '2. The collar is a very important point: it should be low behind, and
+      slightly rolled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '3. No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+      posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '4. There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '5. The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than in
+      his rings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '6. It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear white
+      waistcoats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '7. The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+      but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British Sect,
+      originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat still is;
+      but known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere rapidly
+      spreading. As this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books, it
+      remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which has
+      published Books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate to
+      read. The members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity of
+      names, according to their various places of establishment: in England they
+      are generally called the <i>Drudge</i> Sect; also, unphilosophically
+      enough, the <i>White Negroes</i>; and, chiefly in scorn by those of other
+      communions, the <i>Ragged-Beggar</i> Sect. In Scotland, again, I find them
+      entitled <i>Hallanshakers</i>, or the <i>Stook of Duds</i> Sect; any
+      individual communicant is named <i>Stook of Duds</i> (that is, Shock of
+      Rags), in allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in
+      Ireland, which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go by a
+      perplexing multiplicity of designations, such as <i>Bogtrotters,
+      Redshanks, Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood,
+      Rockites, Poor-Slaves</i>: which last, however, seems to be the primary
+      and generic name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary
+      species, or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the
+      parent stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+      here loss of time to dwell on. Enough for us to understand, what seems
+      indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the <i>Poor-Slaves</i>;
+      whose doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and
+      animate the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood: how the Universe, and
+      Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish
+      Poor-Slave; with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the
+      Future, round on the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely
+      difficult to specify. Something Monastic there appears to be in their
+      Constitution: we find them bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty and
+      Obedience; which vows, especially the former, it is said, they observe
+      with great strictness; nay, as I have understood it, they are pledged, and
+      be it by any solemn Nazarene ordination or not, irrevocably consecrated
+      thereto, even <i>before</i> birth. That the third Monastic Vow, of
+      Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I find no ground to conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+      principle of wearing a peculiar Costume. Of which Irish Poor-Slave Costume
+      no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for this
+      reason, that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem
+      describable. Their raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets and
+      irregular wings, of all cloths and of all colors; through the labyrinthic
+      intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some unknown process.
+      It is fastened together by a multiplex combination of buttons, thrums and
+      skewers; to which frequently is added a girdle of leather, of hempen or
+      even of straw rope, round the loins. To straw rope, indeed, they seem
+      partial, and often wear it by way of sandals. In head-dress they affect a
+      certain freedom: hats with partial brim, without crown, or with only a
+      loose, hinged, or valve crown; in the former case, they sometimes invert
+      the hat, and wear it brim uppermost, like a university-cap, with what view
+      is unknown.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+      origin: not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+      Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character. One
+      might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth: for they dig and
+      affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in private
+      Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from her; seldom
+      looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with comparative
+      indifference. Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live in dark
+      dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they find such,
+      and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other opaque substances,
+      till the fit obscurity is restored. Again, like all followers of
+      Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an enthusiasm rising
+      to ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet in sod cottages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In respect of diet, they have also their observances. All Poor-Slaves are
+      Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use Salted
+      Herrings: other animal food they abstain from; except indeed, with perhaps
+      some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling, such animals as
+      die a natural death. Their universal sustenance is the root named Potato,
+      cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment or relish of any
+      kind, save an unknown condiment named <i>Point</i>, into the meaning of
+      which I have vainly inquired; the victual <i>Potatoes-and-Point</i> not
+      appearing, at least not with specific accuracy of description, in any
+      European Cookery-Book whatever. For drink, they use, with an almost
+      epigrammatic counterpoise of taste, Milk, which is the mildest of liquors,
+      and <i>Potheen</i>, which is the fiercest. This latter I have tasted, as
+      well as the English <i>Blue-Ruin</i>, and the Scotch <i>Whiskey</i>,
+      analogous fluids used by the Sect in those countries: it evidently
+      contains some form of alcohol, in the highest state of concentration,
+      though disguised with acrid oils; and is, on the whole, the most pungent
+      substance known to me,&mdash;indeed, a perfect liquid fire. In all their
+      Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said to be an indispensable requisite,
+      and largely consumed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself
+      under the to me unmeaning title of <i>The late John Bernard</i>, offers
+      the following sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof,
+      though such is not stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.
+      Thereby shall my German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it were
+      with their own eyes; and even see him at meat. Moreover, in the so
+      precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned, I have found some
+      corresponding picture of a Dandiacal Household, painted by that same
+      Dandiacal Mystagogue, or Theogonist: this also, by way of counterpart and
+      contrast, the world shall look into.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been a
+      species of Innkeeper. I quote from the original:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+      oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin. There was a
+      Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and the
+      space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for their
+      cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests. On entering the house we
+      discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner: the father sitting at
+      the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side, of a large
+      oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a trough, to
+      receive the contents of their Pot of Potatoes. Little holes were cut at
+      equal distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on the table:
+      all the luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes were dispensed
+      with.' The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he says,
+      broad-backed, black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth from ear
+      to ear. His Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and his young
+      ones, bare and chubby, had the appetite of ravens. Of their Philosophical
+      or Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+      often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs
+      and ottomans of the same hue. Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on
+      each side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet. Several
+      Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a smaller
+      table of mother-of-pearl: opposite to these are placed the appurtenances
+      of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver. A Wardrobe of Buhl is on the
+      left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover a profusion of
+      Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize the lower shelves.
+      Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight glimpse of a
+      Bath-room. Folding-doors in the background.&mdash;Enter the Author,' our
+      Theogonist in person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French Valet, in white
+      silk Jacket and cambric Apron.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+      portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country. To the
+      eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with the
+      elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling. These two
+      principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or
+      Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do as yet
+      indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable shapes:
+      nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications, they extend
+      through the entire structure of Society, and work unweariedly in the
+      secret depths of English national Existence; striving to separate and
+      isolate it into two contradictory, uncommunicating masses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges, it
+      would seem, are hourly increasing. The Dandiacal, again, is by nature no
+      proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and is
+      strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet no
+      rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+      affiliations. If, indeed, there were to arise a <i>Communion of Drudges</i>,
+      as there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would
+      follow therefrom! Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism: but
+      perhaps the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought to
+      look down, and which up, is not so distant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+      between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+      there be none left to enlist on either side. Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+      with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body: the Drudges,
+      gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+      Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+      refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will form
+      another. I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless boiling
+      Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm land: as
+      yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells, which man's art
+      might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily widening: they are
+      hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep, over which your firm
+      land is but a thin crust or rind! Thus daily is the intermediate land
+      crumbling in, daily the empire of the two Buchan-Bullers extending; till
+      now there is but a foot-plank, a mere film of Land between them; this too
+      is washed away: and then&mdash;we have the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's
+      Deluge is out-deluged!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled
+      Electric Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries
+      of opposite quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one
+      attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity
+      of the nation (namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy with
+      the Negative (that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.
+      Hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters: but wait a
+      little, till the entire nation is in an electric state: till your whole
+      vital Electricity, no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two isolated
+      portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger); and stands
+      there bottled up in two World-Batteries! The stirring of a child's finger
+      brings the two together; and then&mdash;What then? The Earth is but
+      shivered into impalpable smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the Sun misses
+      one of his Planets in Space, and thenceforth there are no eclipses of the
+      Moon.&mdash;Or better still, I might liken"&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which,
+      truly, it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+      from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+      Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion: but
+      never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort his
+      otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the <i>Dandiacal Body</i>!
+      Or was there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer not
+      quite the blinkard he affects to be? Of an ordinary mortal we should have
+      decisively answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh there
+      ever hovers some shade of doubt. In the mean while, if satire were
+      actually intended, the case is little better. There are not wanting men
+      who will answer: Does your Professor take us for simpletons? His irony has
+      overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0032" id="link2HCH0032">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. TAILORS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+      Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently drawn;
+      and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors. On this latter our
+      opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself, as
+      expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore, we
+      willingly give place. Let him speak his own last words, in his own way:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding
+      fight of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van, and
+      thrones be hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch of
+      Iniquity have his victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs, before
+      Tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood, and this
+      last wound of suffering Humanity be closed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us, here
+      might we indeed pause and wonder. An idea has gone abroad, and fixed
+      itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a
+      distinct species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a Man.
+      Call any one a <i>Schneider</i> (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our
+      dislocated, hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society,
+      equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity? The epithet <i>schneidermassig</i>
+      (tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable degree of
+      pusillanimity; we introduce a <i>Tailor's-Melancholy</i>, more opprobrious
+      than any Leprosy, into our Books of Medicine; and fable I know not what of
+      his generating it by living on Cabbage. Why should I speak of Hans Sachs
+      (himself a Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor), with his <i>Schneider
+      mit dem Panier</i>? Why of Shakspeare, in his <i>Taming of the Shrew</i>,
+      and elsewhere? Does it not stand on record that the English Queen
+      Elizabeth, receiving a deputation of Eighteen Tailors, addressed them with
+      a 'Good morning, gentlemen both!' Did not the same virago boast that she
+      had a Cavalry Regiment, whereof neither horse nor man could be injured;
+      her Regiment, namely, of Tailors on Mares? Thus everywhere is the
+      falsehood taken for granted, and acted on as an indisputable fact.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it is
+      disputable or not? Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+      Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+      sartorius? Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured to
+      perform? Can he not arrest for debt? Is he not in most countries a
+      taxpaying animal?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is mine.
+      Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural Inquiries,
+      is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated towards a
+      higher Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen forecast of
+      genius, dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear light: that the
+      Tailor is not only a Man, but something of a Creator or Divinity. Of
+      Franklin it was said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from Heaven and the
+      Sceptre from Kings:' but which is greater, I would ask, he that lends, or
+      he that snatches? For, looking away from individual cases, and how a Man
+      is by the Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and clothed not only with
+      Wool but with Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,&mdash;is not the fair fabric
+      of Society itself, with all its royal mantles and pontifical stoles,
+      whereby, from nakedness and dismemberment, we are organized into Polities,
+      into nations, and a whole co-operating Mankind, the creation, as has here
+      been often irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor alone?&mdash;What too are
+      all Poets and moral Teachers, but a species of Metaphorical Tailors?
+      Touching which high Guild the greatest living Guild-brother has
+      triumphantly asked us: 'Nay if thou wilt have it, who but the Poet first
+      made Gods for men; brought them down to us; and raised us up to them?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his
+      Shopboard, the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!
+      Look up, thou much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope, and
+      prophetic bodings of a noble better time. Too long hast thou sat there, on
+      crossed legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some sacred
+      Anchorite, or Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down Heaven's richest
+      blessings, for a world that scoffed at thee. Be of hope! Already streaks
+      of blue peer through our clouds; the thick gloom of Ignorance is rolling
+      asunder, and it will be Day. Mankind will repay with interest their
+      long-accumulated debt: the Anchorite that was scoffed at will be
+      worshipped; the Fraction will become not an Integer only, but a Square and
+      Cube. With astonishment the world will recognize that the Tailor is its
+      Hierophant and Hierarch, or even its God.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+      Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which
+      the Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:
+      How many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this
+      Arabian Whinstone!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in the
+      Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood written
+      that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;' and stood
+      painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and between the knees
+      these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. Was not this the martyr
+      prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet sighing towards
+      deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better day? A day of
+      justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to man, and the
+      Scissors become forever venerable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in vain.
+      It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and shed
+      asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived this Work
+      on Clothes: the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has already, after
+      long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so large a section of my
+      Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion may here find its
+      conclusion."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0033" id="link2HCH0033">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more
+      like a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for his
+      fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them
+      separately on a cover of our own. A laborious, perhaps a thankless
+      enterprise; in which, however, something of hope has occasionally cheered
+      us, and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether without
+      satisfaction. If hereby, though in barbaric wise, some morsel of spiritual
+      nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our beloved British
+      world, what nobler recompense could the Editor desire? If it prove
+      otherwise, why should he murmur? Was not this a Task which Destiny, in any
+      case, had appointed him; which having now done with, he sees his general
+      Day's-work so much the lighter, so much the shorter?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without a
+      mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval. Who will not
+      regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher walks of
+      Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a rummaging
+      among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels, where lost
+      rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests? Regret is
+      unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time. To cure him of his mad humors
+      British Criticism would essay in vain: enough for her if she can, by
+      vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves. What a result,
+      should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of writing, not
+      to say of thinking, become general among our Literary men! As it might so
+      easily do. Thus has not the Editor himself, working over Teufelsdrockh's
+      German, lost much of his own English purity? Even as the smaller whirlpool
+      is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along with it, so has the
+      lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become portion of the
+      greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively: which habit time and
+      assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any reader
+      that can part with him in declared enmity? Let us confess, there is that
+      in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost attaches
+      us. His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man who had said
+      to Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not be; and to
+      Truth, Be thou in place of all to me: a man who had manfully defied the
+      "Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps, Hannibal-like, was
+      mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare, and now stood minded
+      to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places, at all times. In such a
+      cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still the question returns on us: How could a man occasionally of keen
+      insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+      communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+      absurd? Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+      satisfactorily answer. Our conjecture has sometimes been, that perhaps
+      Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it. Seems it not conceivable
+      that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much bountifully given by
+      Nature had in Practice failed and misgone, Literature also would never
+      rightly prosper: that striving with his characteristic vehemence to paint
+      this and the other Picture, and ever without success, he at last
+      desperately dashes his sponge, full of all colors, against the canvas, to
+      try whether it will paint Foam? With all his stillness, there were perhaps
+      in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough for this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty. It is, that
+      Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a wish
+      to proselytize. How often already have we paused, uncertain whether the
+      basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair, or
+      Love and Hope only seared into the figure of these! Remarkable, moreover,
+      is this saying of his: "How were Friendship possible? In mutual
+      devotedness to the Good and True: otherwise impossible; except as Armed
+      Neutrality, or hollow Commercial League. A man, be the Heavens ever
+      praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in Love,
+      capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail in.
+      Infinite is the help man can yield to man." And now in conjunction
+      therewith consider this other: "It is the Night of the World, and still
+      long till it be Day: we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and the
+      Sun and the Stars of Heaven are as if blotted out for a season; and two
+      immeasurable Phantoms, HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul, SENSUALITY,
+      stalk abroad over the Earth, and call it theirs: well at ease are the
+      Sleepers for whom Existence is a shallow Dream."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality? Should not these
+      unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?&mdash;In
+      which case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous
+      Pitch-pan, which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had kindled,
+      that it might flame far and wide through the Night, and many a
+      disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a Brother's bosom!&mdash;We
+      say as before, with all his malign Indifference, who knows what mad Hopes
+      this man may harbor?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+      such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other men,
+      might as good as altogether subvert it. Namely, that while the Beacon-fire
+      blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that no pilgrim could
+      now ask him: Watchman, what of the Night? Professor Teufelsdrockh, be it
+      known, is no longer visibly present at Weissnichtwo, but again to all
+      appearance lost in space! Some time ago, the Hofrath Heuschrecke was
+      pleased to favor us with another copious Epistle; wherein much is said
+      about the "Population-Institute;" much repeated in praise of the Paper-bag
+      Documents, the hieroglyphic nature of which our Hofrath still seems not to
+      have surmised; and, lastly, the strangest occurrence communicated, to us
+      for the first time, in the following paragraph:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Ew. Wohlgeboren</i> will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+      affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+      disappearance of her Sage. Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+      on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves by
+      what mystery he went away! But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or affects
+      the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance: in the Wahngasse all
+      lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself can hitherto
+      elicit no answer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those Parisian
+      Three Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear in Weissnichtwo,
+      Herr Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the <i>Gans</i> or elsewhere, to have
+      spoken, for a whole week, any syllable except once these three: <i>Es geht
+      an</i> (It is beginning). Shortly after, as <i>Ew. Wohlgeboren</i> knows,
+      was the public tranquillity here, as in Berlin, threatened by a Sedition
+      of the Tailors. Nor did there want Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate
+      Alarmists, who asserted that the closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was
+      to blame. In this appalling crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was
+      indescribable: nay, perhaps through one humble individual, something
+      thereof might pass into the <i>Rath</i> (Council) itself, and so
+      contribute to the country's deliverance. The Tailors are now entirely
+      pacificated.&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss: yet still
+      comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics. For
+      example, when the <i>Saint-Simonian Society</i> transmitted its
+      Propositions hither, and the whole <i>Gans</i> was one vast cackle of
+      laughter, lamentation and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end
+      of the third evening said merely: 'Here also are men who have discovered,
+      not without amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high,
+      long-forgotten Truth you already see them make a false application.' Since
+      then, as has been ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there
+      passed at least one Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs
+      Bazard-Enfantin and our Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be
+      conjectured. On the fifth night following, he was seen for the last time!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+      convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or
+      did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them,
+      and confront them? Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to believe
+      the Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere long he
+      will himself give a sign. Otherwise, indeed, his archives must, one day,
+      be opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the <i>Palingenesie</i>
+      itself, is thought to be reposited."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+      Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced to
+      an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were only
+      beginning? We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has melted
+      into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other. May Time,
+      which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this also!
+      Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is that,
+      safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+      Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+      over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen. Well does he know, if
+      human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+      likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+      readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+      interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so much,
+      not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective. For which, as
+      for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers? To one and all
+      of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and open heart,
+      will wave a kind farewell. Thou too, miraculous Entity, who namest thyself
+      YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and genialities, with thy all
+      too Irish mirth and madness, and odor of palled punch, makest such strange
+      work, farewell; long as thou canst, <i>fare-well</i>! Have we not, in the
+      course of Eternity, travelled some months of our Life-journey in partial
+      sight of one another; have we not existed together, though in a state of
+      quarrel?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_APPE" id="link2H_APPE">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      APPENDIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+      solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental,
+      could not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;&mdash;and
+      had at last to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit
+      by bit, in some courageous <i>Magazine</i> that offered. Whereby now, to
+      certain idly curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the
+      insignificant but at last irritating question, What its real history and
+      chronology are, is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American had
+      now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the title, "<i>Testimonies
+      of Authors</i>," some straggle of real documents, which, now that I find
+      it again, sets the matter into clear light and sequence:&mdash;and shall
+      here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and nugatory guessings from the
+      path of every reader, be reprinted as it stood. (<i>Author's Note, of</i>
+      1868.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS. I. HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Taster to Bookseller</i>.&mdash;"The Author of <i>Teufelsdrockh</i> is
+      a person of talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of
+      thought and expression, considerable fancy and knowledge: but whether or
+      not it would take with the public seems doubtful. For a <i>jeu d'esprit</i>
+      of that kind it is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or
+      article than as a volume. The Author has no great tact; his wit is
+      frequently heavy; and reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping
+      on tables and answered that he was learning to be lively. <i>Is</i> the
+      work a translation?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Bookseller to Editor</i>.&mdash;"Allow me to say that such a writer
+      requires only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able
+      work. Directly on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a
+      gentleman in the highest class of men of letters, and an accomplished
+      German scholar: I now enclose you his opinion, which, you may rely upon
+      it, is a just one; and I have too high an opinion of your good sense to"
+      &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;<i>Ms. (penes nos), London, 17th September</i>,
+      1831.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      II. CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Fraser's Magazine</i> exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the"
+      &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Sartor Resartus</i> is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+      nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by thought
+      and striking poetic vigor. But what does the writer mean by 'Baphometic
+      fire-baptism'? Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and write so as to
+      make himself generally intelligible? We quote by way of curiosity a
+      sentence from the <i>Sartor Resartus</i>; which may be read either
+      backwards or forwards, for it is equally intelligible either way: indeed,
+      by beginning at the tail, and so working up to the head, we think the
+      reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its meaning: 'The
+      fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven, here feels its own
+      freedom; which feeling is its Baphometic baptism: the citadel of its whole
+      kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable;
+      outwards from which the remaining dominions, not indeed without hard
+      battering, will doubtless by degrees be conquered and pacificated.' Here
+      is a"...&mdash;<i>Sun Newspaper, 1st April</i>, 1834.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      III. NORTH&mdash;AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no
+      such persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever
+      existed; that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions and
+      multifarious contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the 'present
+      Editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the Philosophy of
+      Clothes; and that the <i>Sartor Resartus</i> is the only treatise that has
+      yet appeared upon that subject;&mdash;in short, that the whole account of
+      the origin of the work before us, which the supposed Editor relates with
+      so much gravity, and of which we have given a brief abstract, is, in plain
+      English, a <i>hum</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+      entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all
+      other information on the subject, except what is contained in the work, is
+      itself a fact of a most significant character. The whole German press, as
+      well as the particular one where the work purports to have been printed,
+      seems to be under the control of <i>Stillschweigen and Co. </i>&mdash;Silence
+      and Company. If the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are making so great
+      a sensation throughout Germany as is pretended, how happens it that the
+      only notice we have of the fact is contained in a few numbers of a monthly
+      Magazine published at London! How happens it that no intelligence about
+      the matter has come out directly to this country? We pique ourselves here
+      in New England upon knowing at least as much of what is going on in the
+      literary way in the old Dutch Mother-land as our brethren of the
+      fast-anchored Isle; but thus far we have no tidings whatever of the
+      'extensive close-printed, close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject
+      of this pretended commentary. Again, we would respectfully inquire of the
+      'present Editor' upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for
+      the city of <i>Weissnichtwo</i>&mdash;'Know-not-where'&mdash;at which
+      place the work is supposed to have been printed, and the Author to have
+      resided. It has been our fortune to visit several portions of the German
+      territory, and to examine pretty carefully, at different times and for
+      various purposes, maps of the whole; but we have no recollection of any
+      such place. We suspect that the city of <i>Know-not-where</i> might be
+      called, with at least as much propriety, <i>Nobody-knows-where</i>, and is
+      to be found in the kingdom of <i>Nowhere</i>. Again, the village of <i>Entepfuhl</i>&mdash;'Duck-pond'&mdash;where
+      the supposed Author of the work is said to have passed his youth, and that
+      of <i>Hinterschlag</i>, where he had his education, are equally foreign to
+      our geography. Duck-ponds enough there undoubtedly are in almost every
+      village in Germany, as the traveller in that country knows too well to his
+      cost, but any particular village denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether
+      <i>terra incognita</i>. The names of the personages are not less singular
+      than those of the places. Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking
+      together of such a pair of appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh? The
+      supposed bearer of this strange title is represented as admitting, in his
+      pretended autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all
+      the Heralds' books in and without the German empire, and through all
+      manner of Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,'
+      but had nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as
+      appended to his own person.' We can readily believe this, and we doubt
+      very much whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a son to
+      carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title. That of Counsellor
+      Heuschrecke&mdash;'Grasshopper'&mdash;though not offensive, looks much
+      more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.' The
+      same may be said of <i>Blumine</i>&mdash;'Flower-Goddess'&mdash;the
+      heroine of the fable; and so of the rest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the whole
+      story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of
+      Nobody-knows-where, a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor
+      Grasshopper, a Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as much
+      foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of Sir John
+      Herschel's discoveries in the moon. Fictions of this kind are, however,
+      not uncommon, and ought not, perhaps, to be condemned with too much
+      severity; but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence in
+      regard to the attempt, which seems to be made to mislead the public as to
+      the substance of the work before us, and its pretended German original.
+      Both purport, as we have seen, to be upon the subject of Clothes, or
+      dress. <i>Clothes, their Origin and Influence</i>, is the title of the
+      supposed German treatise of Professor Teufelsdrockh and the rather odd
+      name of <i>Sartor Resartus</i>&mdash;the Tailor Patched&mdash;which the
+      present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary, seems to look the
+      same way. But though there is a good deal of remark throughout the work in
+      a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it seems to be in reality a
+      treatise upon the great science of Things in General, which Teufelsdrockh,
+      is supposed to have professed at the university of Nobody-knows-where.
+      Now, without intending to adopt a too rigid standard of morals, we own
+      that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to the public a treatise
+      on Things in General, under the name and in the form of an Essay on Dress.
+      For ourselves, advanced as we unfortunately are in the journey of life,
+      far beyond the period when dress is practically a matter of interest, we
+      have no hesitation in saying, that the real subject of the work is to us
+      more attractive than the ostensible one. But this is probably not the case
+      with the mass of readers. To the younger portion of the community, which
+      constitutes everywhere the very great majority, the subject of dress is
+      one of intense and paramount importance. An author who treats it appeals,
+      like the poet, to the young men end maddens&mdash;<i>virginibus puerisque</i>&mdash;and
+      calls upon them, by all the motives which habitually operate most strongly
+      upon their feelings, to buy his book. When, after opening their purses for
+      this purpose, they have carried home the work in triumph, expecting to
+      find in it some particular instruction in regard to the tying of their
+      neckcloths, or the cut of their corsets, and meet with nothing better than
+      a dissertation on Things in General, they will&mdash;to use the mildest
+      term&mdash;not be in very good humor. If the last improvements in
+      legislation, which we have made in this country, should have found their
+      way to England, the author, we think, would stand some chance of being <i>Lynched</i>.
+      Whether his object in this piece of <i>supercherie</i> be merely pecuniary
+      profit, or whether he takes a malicious pleasure in quizzing the Dandies,
+      we shall not undertake to say. In the latter part of the work, he devotes
+      a separate chapter to this class of persons, from the tenor of which we
+      should be disposed to conclude, that he would consider any mode of
+      divesting them of their property very much in the nature of a spoiling of
+      the Egyptians.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+      purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style,
+      which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of
+      richness, vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression,
+      but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the German
+      language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a
+      great familiarity with German literature; and we cannot, therefore, look
+      upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evidence
+      of an opposite character."&mdash;<i>North-American Review, No. 89, October</i>,
+      1835.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      IV. NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons,
+      to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets [*] in
+      which they first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in
+      themselves the assurance of a longer date.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * <i>Fraser's</i> (London) <i>Magazine</i>, 1833-34.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      "The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a sudden
+      and general popularity. They will not undertake, as there is no need, to
+      justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to dress his
+      thoughts, or the German idioms with which he has sportively sprinkled his
+      pages. It is his humor to advance the gravest speculations upon the
+      gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style. If his masquerade offend
+      any of his audience, to that degree that they will not hear what he has to
+      say, it may chance to draw others to listen to his wisdom; and what work
+      of imagination can hope to please all! But we will venture to remark that
+      the distaste excited by these peculiarities in some readers is greatest at
+      first, and is soon forgotten; and that the foreign dress and aspect of the
+      Work are quite superficial, and cover a genuine Saxon heart. We believe,
+      no book has been published for many years, written in a more sincere style
+      of idiomatic English, or which discovers an equal mastery over all the
+      riches of the language. The Author makes ample amends for the occasional
+      eccentricity of his genius, not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor,
+      but by the wit and sense which never fail him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+      manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of the
+      Age&mdash;we had almost said, of the hour&mdash;in which we live;
+      exhibiting in the most just and novel light the present aspects of
+      Religion, Politics, Literature, Arts, and Social Life. Under all his
+      gayety the Writer has an earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into
+      the manifold wants and tendencies of human nature, which is very rare
+      among our popular authors. The philanthropy and the purity of moral
+      sentiment, which inspire the work, will find their way to the heart of
+      every lover of virtue."&mdash;<i>Preface to Sartor Resartus: Boston</i>,
+      1835, 1837.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Transcriber's Note: All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the
+      printed text. Italicized phrases are delimited by <i>underscores</i>.
+      Footnotes (there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+      paragraphs referencing them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+
+
+
+
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+</pre>
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+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Sartor Resartus
+       The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+
+Author: Thomas Carlyle
+
+Posting Date: August 5, 2008 [EBook #1051]
+Release Date: September, 1997
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SARTOR RESARTUS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Ron Burkey
+
+
+
+
+
+SARTOR RESARTUS:
+
+The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+
+By Thomas Carlyle.
+
+1831
+
+
+
+
+BOOK I.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.
+
+Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch
+of Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or
+less effect, for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times
+especially, not only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely
+than ever, but innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled
+thereat, are also glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest
+cranny or dog-hole in Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,--it might
+strike the reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or
+nothing of a fundamental character, whether in the way of Philosophy or
+History, has been written on the subject of Clothes.
+
+Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect: Lagrange, it is well
+known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not
+have been made on any other scheme. Whereby, at least, our nautical
+Logbooks can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown
+more commodious. Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough: what with the
+labors of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their
+disciples, it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the
+Creation of a World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a
+dumpling; concerning which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom
+the question, _How the apples were got in_, presented difficulties. Why
+mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of
+Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring? Then, have we not a Doctrine
+of Rent, a Theory of Value; Philosophies of Language, of History, of
+Pottery, of Apparitions, of Intoxicating Liquors? Man's whole life and
+environment have been laid open and elucidated; scarcely a fragment
+or fibre of his Soul, Body, and Possessions, but has been probed,
+dissected, distilled, desiccated, and scientifically decomposed: our
+spiritual Faculties, of which it appears there are not a few, have their
+Stewarts, Cousins, Royer Collards: every cellular, vascular, muscular
+Tissue glories in its Lawrences, Majendies, Bichats.
+
+How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand
+Tissue of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite
+overlooked by Science,--the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or
+other cloth; which Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall;
+wherein his whole other Tissues are included and screened, his whole
+Faculties work, his whole Self lives, moves, and has its being? For if,
+now and then, some straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's
+glance into this obscure region, the most have soared over it altogether
+heedless; regarding Clothes as a property, not an accident, as quite
+natural and spontaneous, like the leaves of trees, like the plumage of
+birds. In all speculations they have tacitly figured man as _a Clothed
+Animal_; whereas he is by nature a _Naked Animal_; and only in certain
+circumstances, by purpose and device, masks himself in Clothes.
+Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before and after: the more
+surprising that we do not look round a little, and see what is passing
+under our very eyes.
+
+But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid. It is, after all, a blessing
+that, in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where
+abstract Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy
+of Catholic Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris,
+deafen every French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful
+on his scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude
+here and elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast
+of cow-horn, emit his _Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen_; in
+other words, tell the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what
+o'clock it really is. Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for
+an unprofitable diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where
+nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking
+the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen
+whereby a man himself grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into
+regions of bilberries and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last
+in remote peat-bogs. Of that unwise science, which, as our Humorist
+expresses it,
+
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+
+still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said.
+In so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+consequence. Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe
+has tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited,
+into rare valleys. Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only
+finger-posts and turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers,
+for the mind of man? It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and
+knowledge shall be increased." Surely the plain rule is, Let each
+considerate person have his way, and see what it will lead to. For not
+this man and that man, but all men make up mankind, and their united
+tasks the task of mankind. How often have we seen some such adventurous,
+and perhaps much-censured wanderer light on some out-lying, neglected,
+yet vitally momentous province; the hidden treasures of which he first
+discovered, and kept proclaiming till the general eye and effort were
+directed thither, and the conquest was completed;--thereby, in these
+his seemingly so aimless rambles, planting new standards, founding
+new habitable colonies, in the immeasurable circumambient realm of
+Nothingness and Night! Wise man was he who counselled that Speculation
+should have free course, and look fearlessly towards all the thirty-two
+points of the compass, whithersoever and howsoever it listed.
+
+
+Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how
+our mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a
+political or other immediately practical tendency on all English
+culture and endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,--that this,
+not Philosophy of Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such
+Philosophy, stands here for the first time published in our language.
+What English intellect could have chosen such a topic, or by chance
+stumbled on it? But for that same unshackled, and even sequestered
+condition of the German Learned, which permits and induces them to fish
+in all manner of waters, with all manner of nets, it seems probable
+enough, this abtruse Inquiry might, in spite of the results it leads
+to, have continued dormant for indefinite periods. The Editor of these
+sheets, though otherwise boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative
+habits, and perhaps discursive enough, is free to confess, that never,
+till these last months, did the above very plain considerations, on our
+total want of a Philosophy of Clothes, occur to him; and then, by quite
+foreign suggestion. By the arrival, namely, of a new Book from Professor
+Teufelsdrockh of Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of this subject,
+and in a style which, whether understood or not, could not even by the
+blindest be overlooked. In the present Editor's way of thought, this
+remarkable Treatise, with its Doctrines, whether as judicially acceded
+to, or judicially denied, has not remained without effect.
+
+"_Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken_ (Clothes, their Origin and
+Influence): _von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc. Stillschweigen und
+Cognie. Weissnichtwo_, 1831.
+
+"Here," says the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, "comes a Volume of that
+extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken with
+pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo. Issuing
+from the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company,
+with every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as
+to set Neglect at defiance.... A work," concludes the well-nigh
+enthusiastic Reviewer, "interesting alike to the antiquary, the
+historian, and the philosophic thinker; a masterpiece of boldness,
+lynx-eyed acuteness, and rugged independent Germanism and Philanthropy
+(_derber Kerndeutschheit und Menschenliebe_); which will not, assuredly,
+pass current without opposition in high places; but must and will exalt
+the almost new name of Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy,
+in our German Temple of Honor."
+
+Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the
+first blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither
+a Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which
+modesty forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated
+wish or hope of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding
+phrase: _Mochte es_ (this remarkable Treatise) _auch im Brittischen
+Boden gedeihen_!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+
+If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then
+might the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with
+chalk in the Editor's calendar. It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of
+boundless, almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm
+nor clear, if you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive
+to his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true
+orients.
+
+Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate
+inspection, it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of
+Philosophy, leading to as yet undescried ulterior results, was
+disclosed; farther, what seemed scarcely less interesting, a quite new
+human Individuality, an almost unexampled personal character, that,
+namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh the Discloser. Of both which
+novelties, as far as might be possible, we resolved to master the
+significance. But as man is emphatically a proselytizing creature, no
+sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted, than the new question
+arose: How might this acquired good be imparted to others, perhaps in
+equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of Clothes, and the Author
+of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any measure, to the business and
+bosoms of our own English Nation? For if new-got gold is said to burn
+the pockets till it be cast forth into circulation, much more may new
+truth.
+
+Here, however, difficulties occurred. The first thought naturally was to
+publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with,
+or by money or love procure access to. But, on the other hand, was it
+not clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of,
+might endanger the circulation of any Journal extant? If, indeed, all
+party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory,
+and Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the
+Nation could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of
+Clothes poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had
+seemed possible. But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except
+_Fraser's Magazine_? A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking)
+with the maddest Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and
+destructively, wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits;
+nay, in any case, understood to be, of late years, a vehicle full to
+overflowing, and inexorably shut! Besides, to state the Philosophy of
+Clothes without the Philosopher, the ideas of Teufelsdrockh without
+something of his personality, was it not to insure both of entire
+misapprehension? Now for Biography, had it been otherwise admissible,
+there were no adequate documents, no hope of obtaining such, but rather,
+owing to circumstances, a special despair. Thus did the Editor see
+himself, for the while, shut out from all public utterance of these
+extraordinary Doctrines, and constrained to revolve them, not without
+disquietude, in the dark depths of his own mind.
+
+So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read
+and again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby
+the old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,--when
+altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke,
+our Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom
+we had not previously corresponded. The Hofrath, after much quite
+extraneous matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and
+attention" which the Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own
+German Republic of Letters; on the deep significance and tendency of his
+Friend's Volume; and then, at length, with great circumlocution, hinted
+at the practicability of conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to
+England, and through England to the distant West:" a work on Professor
+Teufelsdrockh "were undoubtedly welcome to the _Family_, the _National_,
+or any other of those patriotic _Libraries_, at present the glory
+of British Literature;" might work revolutions in Thought; and so
+forth;--in conclusion, intimating not obscurely, that should the present
+Editor feel disposed to undertake a Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he,
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, had it in his power to furnish the requisite
+Documents.
+
+As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would
+not crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the
+whole is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+Heuschrecke's. Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+united itself with like in definite arrangement: and soon either in
+actual vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of
+the whole Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass.
+Cautiously yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application
+to the famed redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made: an interview,
+interviews with that singular man have taken place; with more of
+assurance on our side, with less of satire (at least of open satire)
+on his, than we anticipated; for the rest, with such issue as is now
+visible. As to those same "patriotic _Libraries_," the Hofrath's counsel
+could only be viewed with silent amazement; but with his offer of
+Documents we joyfully and almost instantaneously closed. Thus, too, in
+the sure expectation of these, we already see our task begun; and this
+our _Sartor Resartus_, which is properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr
+Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+
+
+Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more. Let the British
+reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented
+him, and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he
+is possessed of. Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared
+from the mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and
+directed rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book.
+Who or what such Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even
+insignificant: [*] it is a voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of
+Clothes; undoubtedly a Spirit addressing Spirits: whoso hath ears, let
+him hear.
+
+     * With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask,
+     or muffler; and, we have reason to think, under a feigned
+     name!--O. Y.
+
+On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning: namely,
+that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to
+the Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according
+to ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such
+defence that he engaged in this undertaking. To stem, or if that be
+impossible, profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a
+Volume as Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable
+pile, or floodgate, in the logical wear.
+
+For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate. Powerless,
+we venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves.
+Grateful they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair
+mementos of bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods,
+when, lapped in the symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence,
+though with baser accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that
+feast of reason, never since vouchsafed him in so full measure! But what
+then? _Amicus Plato, magis amica veritas_; Teufelsdrockh is our friend,
+Truth is our divinity. In our historical and critical capacity, we hope
+we are strangers to all the world; have feud or favor with no one,--save
+indeed the Devil, with whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we
+do at all times wage internecine war. This assurance, at an epoch when
+puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of
+mankind, and even English Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must
+write on their door-lintels _No cheating here_,--we thought it good to
+premise.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES.
+
+To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the
+rest of the world. For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+unexpected. Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life: a man
+devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend,
+as he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that
+cannot but exasperate and divide. Not, that we can remember, was the
+Philosophy of Clothes once touched upon between us. If through the
+high, silent, meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected
+any practical tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a
+certain prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism;
+as indeed some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was
+now and then suspected; though his special contributions to the _Isis_
+could never be more than surmised at. But, at all events, nothing Moral,
+still less anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+
+Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which
+indeed, with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever
+remembered. Lifting his huge tumbler of _Gukguk_, [*] and for a moment
+lowering his tobacco-pipe, he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was _Zur
+Grunen Gans_, the largest in Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity,
+and nearly all the Intellect of the place assembled of an evening); and
+there, with low, soul-stirring tone, and the look truly of an angel,
+though whether of a white or of a black one might be dubious, proposed
+this toast: _Die Sache der Armen in Gottes und Teufels Namen_ (The Cause
+of the Poor, in Heaven's name and--'s)! One full shout, breaking the
+leaden silence; then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers, again
+followed by universal cheering, returned him loud acclaim. It was the
+finale of the night: resuming their pipes; in the highest enthusiasm,
+amid volumes of tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt without and
+within, the assembly broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow. _Bleibt
+doch ein echter Spass_- _und Galgen-vogel_, said several; meaning
+thereby that, one day, he would probably be hanged for his democratic
+sentiments. _Wo steckt doch der Schalk_? added they, looking round: but
+Teufelsdrockh had retired by private alleys, and the Compiler of these
+pages beheld him no more.
+
+     * Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+
+In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher,
+such estimate to form of his purposes and powers. And yet, thou brave
+Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee? Under those thick
+locks of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face
+we ever in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain. In thy eyes
+too, deep under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy,
+have we not noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and
+half fancied that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion,
+the _sleep_ of a spinning-top? Thy little figure, there as, in loose
+ill-brushed threadbare habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and
+lumber, whole days, to "think and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty
+heart. The secrets of man's Life were laid open to thee; thou sawest
+into the mystery of the Universe, farther than another; thou hadst _in
+petto_ thy remarkable Volume on Clothes. Nay, was there not in that
+clear logically founded Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy
+meek, silent, deep-seated Sansculottism, combined with a true princely
+Courtesy of inward nature, the visible rudiments of such speculation?
+But great men are too often unknown, or what is worse, misknown.
+Already, when we dreamed not of it, the warp of thy remarkable Volume
+lay on the loom; and silently, mysterious shuttles were putting in the
+woof.
+
+
+How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this
+case, may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is
+happily not our concern, but his. To us it appeared, after repeated
+trial, that in Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the
+best-informed classes, no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered;
+not so much as a false one. He was a stranger there, wafted thither by
+what is called the course of circumstances; concerning whose parentage,
+birthplace, prospects, or pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries,
+but satisfied herself with the most indistinct replies. For himself, he
+was a man so still and altogether unparticipating, that to question
+him even afar off on such particulars was a thing of more than usual
+delicacy: besides, in his sly way, he had ever some quaint turn, not
+without its satirical edge, wherewith to divert such intrusions, and
+deter you from the like. Wits spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind
+of Melchizedek, without father or mother of any kind; sometimes, with
+reference to his great historic and statistic knowledge, and the
+vivid way he had of expressing himself like an eye-witness of distant
+transactions and scenes, they called him the _Ewige Jude_, Everlasting,
+or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+
+To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction;
+but no more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their
+daily _Allgemeine Zeitung_, or the domestic habits of the Sun. Both were
+there and welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought
+no more of the matter. The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his
+little circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent
+in German Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them
+alive, and feel certain enough that they must have a History, no History
+seems to be discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and
+antediluvian ruins: That they have been created by unknown agencies,
+are in a state of gradual decay, and for the present reflect light
+and resist pressure; that is, are visible and tangible objects in this
+phantasm world, where so much other mystery is.
+
+It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, _Professor der
+Allerley-Wissenschaft_, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never
+been incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition. To all
+appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding
+their New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like
+ours," as the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are,
+rapidly or slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of
+this kind had been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task
+of bodying somewhat forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly,
+facilitated." That actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes
+for the "Science of Things in General," they doubtless considered
+premature; on which ground too they had only established the
+Professorship, nowise endowed it; so that Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by
+the highest Names," had been promoted thereby to a Name merely.
+
+Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this
+new Professorship: how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want
+of the Age (_Zeitbedurfniss_); how at length, instead of Denial
+and Destruction, we were to have a science of Affirmation and
+Reconstruction; and Germany and Weissnichtwo were where they should be,
+in the vanguard of the world. Considerable also was the wonder at the
+new Professor, dropt opportunely enough into the nascent University; so
+able to lecture, should occasion call; so ready to hold his peace for
+indefinite periods, should an enlightened Government consider that
+occasion did not call. But such admiration and such wonder, being
+followed by no act to keep them living, could last only nine days;
+and, long before our visit to that scene, had quite died away. The more
+cunning heads thought it was all an expiring clutch at popularity, on
+the part of a Minister, whom domestic embarrassments, court intrigues,
+old age, and dropsy soon afterwards finally drove from the helm.
+
+As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the _Grune
+Gans_, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him. Here,
+over his tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes
+contemplatively looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without
+other visible employment: always, from his mild ways, an agreeable
+phenomenon there; more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on
+which occasions the whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence,
+as if sure to hear something noteworthy. Nay, perhaps to hear a whole
+series and river of the most memorable utterances; such as, when once
+thawed, he would for hours indulge in, with fit audience: and the more
+memorable, as issuing from a head apparently not more interested in
+them, not more conscious of them, than is the sculptured stone head of
+some public fountain, which through its brass mouth-tube emits water to
+the worthy and the unworthy; careless whether it be for cooking
+victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed, maintains the same earnest
+assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or not.
+
+To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+scrutinize him with due power of vision! We enjoyed, what not three
+men Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the
+Professor's private domicile. It was the attic floor of the highest
+house in the Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle
+of Weissnichtwo, for it rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs,
+themselves rising from elevated ground. Moreover, with its windows it
+looked towards all the four _Orte_ or as the Scotch say, and we ought to
+say, _Airts_: the sitting room itself commanded three; another came to
+view in the _Schlafgemach_ (bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing
+of the kitchen, which offered two, as it were, _duplicates_, showing
+nothing new. So that it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of
+Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom, sitting at ease he might see the whole
+life-circulation of that considerable City; the streets and lanes of
+which, with all their doing and driving (_Thun und Treiben_), were for
+the most part visible there.
+
+"I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him
+say, "and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing,
+and choking by sulphur. From the Palace esplanade, where music plays
+while Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the
+low lane, where in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin
+livelihood sits to feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except
+Schlosskirche weather-cock, no biped stands so high. Couriers arrive
+bestrapped and bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches
+of leather: there, top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the
+country Baron and his household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier
+hops painfully along, begging alms: a thousand carriages, and wains,
+cars, come tumbling in with Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw
+Produce, inanimate or animate, and go tumbling out again with produce
+manufactured. That living flood, pouring through these streets, of all
+qualities and ages, knowest thou whence it is coming, whither it is
+going? _Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der Ewigkeit hin_: From Eternity, onwards
+to Eternity! These are Apparitions: what else? Are they not Souls
+rendered visible: in Bodies, that took shape and will lose it, melting
+into air? Their solid Pavement is a Picture of the Sense; they walk
+on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time is behind them and before them. Or
+fanciest thou, the red and yellow Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs
+on its heels and feather in its crown, is but of To-day, without a
+Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather its Ancestor alive when
+Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island? Friend, thou seest here a living
+link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all Being: watch well, or
+it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+
+"_Ach, mein Lieber_!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned
+from the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to
+dwell here. These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith
+in their leash of sidereal fire? That stifled hum of Midnight, when
+Traffic has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still
+rolling here and there through distant streets, are bearing her to
+Halls roofed in, and lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice
+and Misery, to prowl or to moan like nightbirds, are abroad: that hum,
+I say, like the stertorous, unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in
+Heaven! Oh, under that hideous coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions,
+and unimaginable gases, what a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!
+The joyful and the sorrowful are there; men are dying there, men are
+being born; men are praying,--on the other side of a brick partition,
+men are cursing; and around them all is the vast, void Night. The proud
+Grandee still lingers in his perfumed saloons, or reposes within
+damask curtains; Wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds, or shivers
+hunger-stricken into its lair of straw: in obscure cellars,
+_Rouge-et-Noir_ languidly emits its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry
+Villains; while Councillors of State sit plotting, and playing their
+high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men. The Lover whispers his
+mistress that the coach is ready; and she, full of hope and fear, glides
+down, to fly with him over the borders: the Thief, still more silently,
+sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks in wait till the watchmen
+first snore in their boxes. Gay mansions, with supper-rooms and
+dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and high-swelling hearts;
+but, in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats tremulous and
+faint, and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness, which is around
+and within, for the light of a stern last morning. Six men are to be
+hanged on the morrow: comes no hammering from the _Rabenstein_?--their
+gallows must even now be o' building. Upwards of five hundred thousand
+two-legged animals without feathers lie round us, in horizontal
+position; their heads all in nightcaps, and full of the foolishest
+dreams. Riot cries aloud, and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of
+shame; and the Mother, with streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying
+infant, whose cracked lips only her tears now moisten.--All these heaped
+and huddled together, with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry
+between them;--crammed in, like salted fish in their barrel;--or
+weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers, each
+struggling to get its _head above_ the others: _such_ work goes on under
+that smoke-counterpane!--But I, _mein Werther_, sit above it all; I am
+alone with the stars."
+
+We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+visible.
+
+These were the Professor's talking seasons: most commonly he spoke
+in mere monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the
+visitor had liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer
+an occasional grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself
+away. It was a strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and
+miscellaneous shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common
+element of dust." Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered
+a sheet of manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily
+thrown aside; ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots,
+tobacco-boxes, Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots. Old Lieschen
+(Lisekin, 'Liza), who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer
+and wringer, cook, errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the
+rest a very orderly creature, had no sovereign authority in this last
+citadel of Teufelsdrockh; only some once in the month she half-forcibly
+made her way thither, with broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily
+saving his manuscripts) effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery
+of such lumber as was not Literary. These were her _Erdbeben_
+(earthquakes), which Teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence;
+nevertheless, to such length he had been forced to comply. Glad would
+he have been to sit here philosophizing forever, or till the litter, by
+accumulation, drove him out of doors: but Lieschen was his right-arm,
+and spoon, and necessary of life, and would not be flatly gainsayed. We
+can still remember the ancient woman; so silent that some thought her
+dumb; deaf also you would often have supposed her; for Teufelsdrockh,
+and Teufelsdrockh only, would she serve or give heed to; and with him
+she seemed to communicate chiefly by signs; if it were not rather by
+some secret divination that she guessed all his wants, and supplied
+them. Assiduous old dame! she scoured, and sorted, and swept, in her
+kitchen, with the least possible violence to the ear; yet all was tight
+and right there: hot and black came the coffee ever at the due moment;
+and the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you, from under her
+clean white coif with its lappets, through her clean withered face and
+wrinkles, with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of benevolence.
+
+Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither: the only one we
+ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages. To us,
+at that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+"they never appear without their umbrella." Had we not known with what
+"little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as
+elsewhere, the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute
+train-bearers to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing
+or unwilling dupes,--it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke
+should be named a _Rath_, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in
+Weissnichtwo. What counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this
+particular Hofrath give; in whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose
+thin visage, as it went jerking to and fro, in minute incessant
+fluctuation,--you traced rather confusion worse confounded; at most,
+Timidity and physical Cold? Some indeed said withal, he was "the
+very Spirit of Love embodied:" blue earnest eyes, full of sadness and
+kindness; purse ever open, and so forth; the whole of which, we shall
+now hope, for many reasons, was not quite groundless. Nevertheless
+friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed handled the burin like few
+in these cases, was probably the best: _Er hat Gemuth und Geist,
+hat wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne Schicksals-Gunst; ist
+gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt_, "He has heart and
+talent, at least has had such, yet without fit mode of utterance, or
+favor of Fortune; and so is now half-cracked, half-congealed."--What
+the Hofrath shall think of this when he sees it, readers may wonder; we,
+safe in the stronghold of Historical Fidelity, are careless.
+
+The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh,
+which indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke
+himself. We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the
+fondness of a Boswell for his Johnson. And perhaps with the like return;
+for Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard,
+as some half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved
+him out of gratitude and by habit. On the other hand, it was curious to
+observe with what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection,
+our Hofrath, being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far
+more practically influential of the two, looked and tended on his
+little Sage, whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle. Let but
+Teufelsdrockh open his mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into
+a free doorway, besides his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing
+might be lost: and then, at every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out
+his pursy chuckle of a cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took
+some time to get in motion, and seemed crank and slack), or else his
+twanging nasal, _Bravo! Das glaub' ich_; in either case, by way of
+heartiest approval. In short, if Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which,
+except perhaps in his self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there
+was no symptom, then might Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to
+whom no dough-pill he could knead and publish was other than medicinal
+and sacred.
+
+In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at
+the time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and
+meditate. Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often,
+in solitude, outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable
+Inquirer fought all his battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in
+all probability, that he wrote this surprising Volume on _Clothes_.
+Additional particulars: of his age, which was of that standing middle
+sort you could only guess at; of his wide surtout; the color of his
+trousers, fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat, and so forth, we
+might report, but do not. The Wisest truly is, in these times, the
+Greatest; so that an enlightened curiosity leaving Kings and such
+like to rest very much on their own basis, turns more and more to the
+Philosophic Class: nevertheless, what reader expects that, with all our
+writing and reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him, till
+once the Documents arrive? His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily Presence, are
+as yet hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture. But, on the
+other hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable Volume,
+much more truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of Doubloons?
+To the soul of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely, on the
+"Origin and Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS.
+
+It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like
+the very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of
+genius, has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid
+its effulgence,--a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+
+Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and
+prophesyings of the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, we admitted that the
+Book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the
+best effect of any book; that it had even operated changes in our way
+of thought; nay, that it promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a
+new mine-shaft, wherein the whole world of Speculation might henceforth
+dig to unknown depths. More specially may it now be declared that
+Professor Teufelsdrockh's acquirements, patience of research,
+philosophic and even poetic vigor, are here made indisputably manifest;
+and unhappily no less his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold
+ineptitude; that, on the whole, as in opening new mine-shafts is
+not unreasonable, there is much rubbish in his Book, though likewise
+specimens of almost invaluable ore. A paramount popularity in England
+we cannot promise him. Apart from the choice of such a topic as Clothes,
+too often the manner of treating it betokens in the Author a rusticity
+and academic seclusion, unblamable, indeed inevitable in a German, but
+fatal to his success with our public.
+
+Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+forgotten what he saw. He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls
+many things by their mere dictionary names. To him the Upholsterer is no
+Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt
+and overhung: "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses,
+and ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that
+such Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+God-created Souls do for the time meet together." To Teufelsdrockh the
+highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+bracelets and Malines laces: in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag
+for _hooking-together_; and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and
+hammered on a stithy before smith's fingers." Thus does the Professor
+look in men's faces with a strange impartiality, a strange scientific
+freedom; like a man unversed in the higher circles, like a man dropped
+thither from the Moon. Rightly considered, it is in this peculiarity,
+running through his whole system of thought, that all these
+shortcomings, over-shootings, and multiform perversities, take rise:
+if indeed they have not a second source, also natural enough, in his
+Transcendental Philosophies, and humor of looking at all Matter and
+Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his case were but the more
+hopeless, the more lamentable.
+
+To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+Work: nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+waistcoat beats a heart,"--the force of that rapt earnestness may be
+felt, and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through? In our
+wild Seer, shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild
+honey, there is an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious,
+strength, which, except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare.
+Many a deep glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast
+into mysterious Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man.
+Wonderful it is with what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder
+the confusion; sheers down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre
+of the matter; and there not only hits the nail on the head, but with
+crushing force smites it home, and buries it.--On the other hand, let us
+be free to admit, he is the most unequal writer breathing. Often after
+some such feat, he will play truant for long pages, and go dawdling and
+dreaming, and mumbling and maundering the merest commonplaces, as if he
+were asleep with eyes open, which indeed he is.
+
+Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most
+known tongues, from _Sanchoniathon_ to _Dr. Lingard_, from your Oriental
+_Shasters_, and _Talmuds_, and _Korans_, with Cassini's _Siamese
+fables_, and Laplace's _Mecanique Celeste_, down to _Robinson Crusoe_
+and the _Belfast Town and Country Almanack_, are familiar to him,--we
+shall say nothing: for unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such
+universality of study passes without wonder, as a thing commendable,
+indeed, but natural, indispensable, and there of course. A man that
+devotes his life to learning, shall he not be learned?
+
+In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability,
+marred too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+intercourse with the higher classes. Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step
+forth in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing
+amid flame and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction,
+picturesque allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns;
+all the graces and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest
+Intellect, alternate in beautiful vicissitude. Were it not that sheer
+sleeping and soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches
+even of pure doting jargon, so often intervene! On the whole, Professor
+Teufelsdrockh, is not a cultivated writer. Of his sentences perhaps not
+more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are
+in quite angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and
+dashes), and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a
+few even sprawl out helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and
+dismembered. Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in
+him a singular attraction. A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of
+the man, like its keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as
+into the Song of Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now
+sinking in cadences, not without melodious heartiness, though sometimes
+abrupt enough, into the common pitch, when we hear it only as a
+monotonous hum; of which hum the true character is extremely difficult
+to fix. Up to this hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether
+it is a tone and hum of real Humor, which we reckon among the very
+highest qualities of genius, or some echo of mere Insanity and Inanity,
+which doubtless ranks below the very lowest.
+
+Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do
+we still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling. Gleams of an
+ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity;
+he could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it
+seems as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph. Then
+again he is so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such
+indifference, malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and
+ever with some half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if
+indeed it be not mere stolid callousness,--that you look on him almost
+with a shudder, as on some incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great
+terrestrial and celestial Round, after all, were but some huge foolish
+Whirligig, where kings and beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and
+street-sweepings, were chaotically whirled, in which only children could
+take interest. His look, as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever
+seen: yet it is not of that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among
+our own Chancery suitors; but rather the gravity as of some silent,
+high-encircled mountain-pool, perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano;
+into whose black deeps you fear to gaze: those eyes, those lights that
+sparkle in it, may indeed be reflexes of the heavenly Stars, but perhaps
+also glances from the region of Nether Fire.
+
+Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature,
+this of Teufelsdrockh! Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once
+we saw him _laugh_; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time in
+his life; but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the
+Seven Sleepers! It was of Jean Paul's doing: some single billow in that
+vast World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations,
+which is now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death! The
+large-bodied Poet and the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking
+miscellaneously together, the present Editor being privileged to listen;
+and now Paul, in his serious way, was giving one of those inimitable
+"Extra-Harangues;" and, as it chanced, On the Proposal for a _Cast-metal
+King_: gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a
+beaming, mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a
+radiant ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing
+of all Tattersall's,--tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft,
+foot clutched into the air,--loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable; a
+laugh not of the face and diaphragm only, but of the whole man from head
+to heel. The present Editor, who laughed indeed, yet with measure, began
+to fear all was not right: however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and
+sank into his old stillness; on his inscrutable countenance there was,
+if anything, a slight look of shame; and Richter himself could not rouse
+him again. Readers who have any tincture of Psychology know how much
+is to be inferred from this; and that no man who has once heartily and
+wholly laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad. How much lies in
+Laughter: the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! Some men
+wear an everlasting barren simper; in the smile of others lies a cold
+glitter as of ice: the fewest are able to laugh, what can be called
+laughing, but only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat
+outwards; or at best, produce some whiffling husky cachinnation, as if
+they were laughing through wool: of none such comes good. The man who
+cannot laugh is not only fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils; but
+his whole life is already a treason and a stratagem.
+
+Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+fault, doubtless his worst: an almost total want of arrangement. In this
+remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward
+method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little.
+Apart from its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work
+naturally falls into two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a
+Philosophical-Speculative: but falls, unhappily, by no firm line of
+demarcation; in that labyrinthic combination, each Part overlaps, and
+indents, and indeed runs quite through the other. Many sections are of
+a debatable rubric, or even quite nondescript and unnamable; whereby the
+Book not only loses in accessibility, but too often distresses us like
+some mad banquet, wherein all courses had been confounded, and fish and
+flesh, soup and solid, oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French
+mustard, were hurled into one huge tureen or trough, and the hungry
+Public invited to help itself. To bring what order we can out of this
+Chaos shall be part of our endeavor.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+
+"As Montesquieu wrote a _Spirit of Laws_," observes our Professor, "so
+could I write a _Spirit of Clothes_; thus, with an _Esprit des
+Lois_, properly an _Esprit de Coutumes_, we should have an _Esprit de
+Costumes_. For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man
+proceed by mere Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious
+operations of the mind. In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an
+Architectural Idea will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are
+the site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of
+a Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded
+mantles, based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid
+peaks, spangles and bell-girdles; swell out in starched ruffs, buckram
+stuffings, and monstrous tuberosities; or girth himself into separate
+sections, and front the world an Agglomeration of four limbs,--will
+depend on the nature of such Architectural Idea: whether Grecian,
+Gothic, Later Gothic, or altogether Modern, and Parisian or
+Anglo-Dandiacal. Again, what meaning lies in Color! From the soberest
+drab to the high-flaming scarlet, spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold
+themselves in choice of Color: if the Cut betoken Intellect and Talent,
+so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart. In all which, among nations
+as among individuals, there is an incessant, indubitable, though
+infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect: every snip of the
+Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active Influences,
+which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are neither
+invisible nor illegible.
+
+"For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of
+Clothes, as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening
+entertainment: nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such
+Philosophies have always seemed to me uninstructive enough. Nay, what
+is your Montesquieu himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a
+hieroglyphical prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity,
+in Heaven?--Let any Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear
+such and such a Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am
+_here_, to wear and obey anything!--Much, therefore, if not the whole,
+of that same _Spirit of Clothes_ I shall suppress, as hypothetical,
+ineffectual, and even impertinent: naked Facts, and Deductions drawn
+therefrom in quite another than that omniscient style, are my humbler
+and proper province."
+
+Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least,
+the boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon. Selection being
+indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the
+most cursory manner. This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by
+omnivorous learning, and utmost patience and fairness: at the same time,
+in its results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the
+Compilers of some _Library_ of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even
+Useless Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages. Was it
+this Part of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended
+us to that joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of
+British Literature"? If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it
+for their own behoof.
+
+To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads
+us into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval. Still less have we to do
+with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he
+had before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of
+aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"--very needlessly, we think.
+On this portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the
+_Adam-Kadmon_, or Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation
+with the _Nifl_ and _Muspel_ (Darkness and Light) of the antique North,
+it may be enough to say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of
+Talmudic and Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist
+in Britain with something like astonishment.
+
+But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower
+of Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable
+and habilable globe. Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic,
+Scandinavian, Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of
+every conceivable kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as
+the Nurnbergers give an _Orbis Pictus_) an _Orbis Vestitus_; or view of
+the costumes of all mankind, in all countries, in all times. It is here
+that to the Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say:
+Fall to! Here is learning: an irregular Treasury, if you will; but
+inexhaustible as the Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in
+twelve days, at the rate of three journeys a day, could not carry
+off. Sheepskin cloaks and wampum belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs;
+chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks, Afghaun shawls, trunk-hose, leather
+breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though breeches, as the name _Gallia
+Braccata_ indicates, are the more ancient), Hussar cloaks, Vandyke
+tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought vividly before us,--even the
+Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten. For most part, too, we must
+admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it is, and tumbled down quite
+pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified Learning, the drossy parts
+smelted out and thrown aside.
+
+Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures
+of human life. Of this sort the following has surprised us. The first
+purpose of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or
+decency, but ornament. "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition
+of the Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of
+hair, which with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him
+like a matted cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick
+natural fell. He loitered in the sunny glades of the forest, living
+on wild-fruits; or, as the ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in
+morasses, lurking for his bestial or human prey; without implements,
+without arms, save the ball of heavy Flint, to which, that his sole
+possession and defence might not be lost, he had attached a long cord
+of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well as hurling it with deadly
+unerring skill. Nevertheless, the pains of Hunger and Revenge once
+satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but Decoration (_Putz_). Warmth
+he found in the toils of the chase; or amid dried leaves, in his hollow
+tree, in his bark shed, or natural grotto: but for Decoration he must
+have Clothes. Nay, among wild people, we find tattooing and painting
+even prior to Clothes. The first spiritual want of a barbarous man
+is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the barbarous classes in
+civilized countries.
+
+"Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,--has descended,
+like thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+Anthropophagus! Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+cometh forth sweetness. What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+Time! For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality. Cast forth
+thy Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe: it is
+a seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will
+be found flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a
+Hemlock-forest!) after a thousand years.
+
+"He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of _Movable
+Types_ was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and
+Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented
+the Art of Printing. The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and
+Charcoal drove Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling: what will
+the last do? Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under
+Thought, of Animal courage under Spiritual. A simple invention it was
+in the old-world Grazier,--sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country
+till he got it bartered for corn or oil,--to take a piece of Leather,
+and thereon scratch or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or _Pecus_); put
+it in his pocket, and call it _Pecunia_, Money. Yet hereby did Barter
+grow Sale, the Leather Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles
+have been out-miracled: for there are Rothschilds and English National
+Debts; and whoso has sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence)
+over all men; commands cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him,
+kings to mount guard over him,--to the length of sixpence.--Clothes too,
+which began in foolishest love of Ornament, what have they not become!
+Increased Security and pleasurable Heat soon followed: but what of
+these? Shame, divine Shame (_Schaam_, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the
+Anthropophagous bosom, arose there mysteriously under Clothes; a
+mystic grove-encircled shrine for the Holy in man. Clothes gave us
+individuality, distinctions, social polity; Clothes have made Men of us;
+they are threatening to make Clothes-screens of us.
+
+"But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a
+Tool-using Animal (_Handthierendes Thier_). Weak in himself, and of
+small stature, he stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of
+some half-square foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs,
+lest the very wind supplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are
+a crushing load for him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like
+a waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools: with these
+the granite mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing
+iron, as if it were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds
+and fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools;
+without Tools he is nothing, with Tools he is all."
+
+Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of
+all that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best? Man is called
+a Laughing Animal: but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it;
+and is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher? Teufelsdrockh
+himself, as we said, laughed only once. Still less do we make of that
+other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for
+rigorous scientific purposes, is as good as useless. Can a Tartar be
+said to cook, when he only readies his steak by riding on it?
+Again, what Cookery does the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his
+whale-blubber, as a marmot, in the like case, might do? Or how would
+Monsieur Ude prosper among those Orinoco Indians who, according to
+Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the branches of trees; and, for half
+the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay, the whole country being under
+water? But, on the other hand, show us the human being, of any period or
+climate, without his Tools: those very Caledonians, as we saw, had their
+Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no brute has or can have.
+
+"Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt
+way; "of which truth Clothes are but one example: and surely if we
+consider the interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man,
+and those Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons,
+we shall note what progress he has made. He digs up certain black stones
+from the bosom of the earth, and says to them, _Transport me and this
+luggage at the rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour_; and they do
+it: he collects, apparently by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight
+miscellaneous individuals, and says to them, _Make this nation toil for
+us, bleed for us, hunger and, sorrow and sin for us_; and they do it."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. APRONS.
+
+One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that
+on _Aprons_. What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose
+Apron, now indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which
+proved successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what
+though John Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she
+would catch her husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie
+and be a bishop;" what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other
+Apron worthies,--figure here? An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes
+even a tone of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too
+clearly discernible. What, for example, are we to make of such sentences
+as the following?
+
+"Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to
+modesty, sometimes to roguery. From the thin slip of notched silk (as
+it were, the emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some
+highest-bred housewife, sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes,
+has gracefully fastened on; to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him
+with thongs, wherein the Builder builds, and at evening sticks his
+trowel; or to those jingling sheet-iron Aprons, wherein your otherwise
+half-naked Vulcans hammer and smelt in their smelt-furnace,--is there
+not range enough in the fashion and uses of this Vestment? How much
+has been concealed, how much has been defended in Aprons! Nay, rightly
+considered, what is your whole Military and Police Establishment,
+charged at uncalculated millions, but a huge scarlet-colored,
+iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily enough); guarding
+itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this Devil's-smithy
+(_Teufels-schmiede_) of a world? But of all Aprons the most puzzling
+to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock. Wherein consists the
+usefulness of this Apron? The Overseer (_Episcopus_) of Souls, I notice,
+has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were done: what
+does he shadow forth thereby?" &c. &c.
+
+Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as
+we shall now quote?
+
+"I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as
+a new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval: nor is it
+without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having
+in view to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in
+England."--We who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed
+have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for
+our Literature, exuberant as it is.--Teufelsdrockh continues: "If such
+supply of printed Paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways
+and public thoroughfares, new means must of necessity be had recourse
+to. In a world existing by Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a
+destroying element, and not as a creating one. However, Heaven is
+omnipotent, and will find us an outlet. In the mean while, is it not
+beautiful to see five million quintals of Rags picked annually from the
+Laystall; and annually, after being macerated, hot-pressed, printed on,
+and sold,--returned thither; filling so many hungry mouths by the way?
+Thus is the Laystall, especially with its Rags or Clothes-rubbish, the
+grand Electric Battery, and Fountain-of-motion, from which and to
+which the Social Activities (like vitreous and resinous Electricities)
+circulate, in larger or smaller circles, through the mighty, billowy,
+storm-tost chaos of Life, which they keep alive!"--Such passages fill
+us, who love the man, and partly esteem him, with a very mixed feeling.
+
+Farther down we meet with this: "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+and Clergy: henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write
+not of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped
+Broad-sheet Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as
+this or the other Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the
+world's ear. Of the British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important
+of all, and wonderful enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a
+valuable descriptive History already exists, in that language, under the
+title of _Satan's Invisible World Displayed_; which, however, by search
+in all the Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring
+(_vermochte night aufzutreiben_)."
+
+Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore. Thus does
+Teufelsdrockh, wandering in regions where he had little business,
+confound the old authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new,
+spurious, imaginary Historian of the _Brittische Journalistik_; and so
+stumble on perhaps the most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+
+Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic,
+when he reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the
+Seventeenth Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume. It is here
+that the Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest.
+Fantastic garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed
+each other, like monster devouring monster in a Dream. The whole too
+in brief authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of
+genius which makes even old raiment live. Indeed, so learned, precise,
+graphical, and every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that
+it may be thrown out as a pertinent question for parties concerned,
+Whether or not a good English Translation thereof might henceforth be
+profitably incorporated with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work _On Ancient
+Armor_? Take, by way of example, the following sketch; as authority
+for which Paulinus's _Zeitkurzende Lust_ (ii. 678) is, with seeming
+confidence, referred to:
+
+"Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again,
+and see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin.
+But happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is
+not needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like
+a Tree, whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie
+peaceably underground. Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see
+and know, how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his
+place quite filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the
+very Byron, in some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a
+foreigner to his Europe. Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in
+Clothes, as in all other external things whatsoever, no fashion will
+continue.
+
+"Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts,
+complicated chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and
+fighting gear have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has
+acquired somewhat of a sign-post character,--I shall here say nothing:
+the civil and pacific classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough
+for us.
+
+"Rich men, I find, have _Teusinke_ [a perhaps untranslatable article];
+also a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a man
+walks, it is with continual jingling. Some few, of musical turn, have a
+whole chime of bells (_Glockenspiel_) fastened there; which, especially
+in sudden whirls, and the other accidents of walking, has a grateful
+effect. Observe too how fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch
+intersections. The male world wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang
+bobbing over the side (_schief_): their shoes are peaked in front,
+also to the length of an ell, and laced on the side with tags; even
+the wooden shoes have their ell-long noses: some also clap bells on the
+peak. Further, according to my authority, the men have breeches without
+seat (_ohne Gesass_): these they fasten peakwise to their shirts; and
+the long round doublet must overlap them.
+
+"Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and
+before, so that back and breast are almost bare. Wives of quality, on
+the other hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which
+trains there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their
+silk-cloth Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a
+handbreadth thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long
+flood of silver buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe,
+wherewith these same welt-gowns are buttoned. The maidens have bound
+silver snoods about their hair, with gold spangles, and pendent flames
+(_Flammen_), that is, sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's
+head-gear who shall speak? Neither in love of grace is comfort
+forgotten. In winter weather you behold the whole fair creation (that
+can afford it) in long mantles, with skirts wide below, and, for hem,
+not one but two sufficient hand-broad welts; all ending atop in a
+thick well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches broad: these are their
+Ruff-mantles (_Kragenmantel_).
+
+"As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+together with batter (_mit Teig zusammengekleistert_), which create
+protuberance enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the
+art of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+
+Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion
+of any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call
+a real love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes,
+or other the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers
+so many, escape him: more especially the mischances, or striking
+adventures, incident to the wearers of such, are noticed with due
+fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's fine mantle, which he spread in the mud
+under Queen Elizabeth's feet, appears to provoke little enthusiasm
+in him; he merely asks, Whether at that period the Maiden Queen "was
+red-painted on the nose, and white-painted on the cheeks, as her
+tire-women, when from spleen and wrinkles she would no longer look in
+any glass, were wont to serve her"? We can answer that Sir Walter knew
+well what he was doing, and had the Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment
+dyed in verdigris, would have done the same.
+
+Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader
+parts of the body, by introduction of Bran,--our Professor fails not to
+comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a
+chair with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his
+_devoir_ on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several
+pecks of dry wheat-dust: and stood there diminished to a spindle, his
+galloons and slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon
+the Professor publishes this reflection:--
+
+"By what strange chances do we live in History? Erostratus by a torch;
+Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by
+his limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,--for
+no Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him. Vain was the prayer of
+Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+Destiny, and read since it is written."--Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put in
+mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting, stands
+that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+
+"The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry,
+in the late Colombian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal,
+is provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it
+circular): in the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long;
+through this the mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and
+so rides shielded from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for
+he rolls it about his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and
+draperied."
+
+With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity,
+and Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of
+our subject.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+
+If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+discussing merely the _Werden_ (Origin and successive Improvement)
+of Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their _Wirken_, or
+Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure
+of his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+commences: all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it
+to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or
+mere cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to
+expound the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he
+undertakes to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand
+Proposition, that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned
+together, and held up, by Clothes." He says in so many words, "Society
+is founded upon Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude
+on Cloth, as on a Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and
+unclean beasts in the Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle,
+would sink to endless depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either
+case be no more."
+
+By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation
+this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical
+Corollaries are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to
+attempt exhibiting. Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of
+common school Logic, where the truths all stand in a row, each holding
+by the skirts of the other; but at best that of practical Reason'
+proceeding by large Intuition over whole systematic groups and kingdoms;
+whereby, we might say, a noble complexity, almost like that of Nature,
+reigns in his Philosophy, or spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze,
+yet, as faith whispers, not without a plan. Nay we complained above,
+that a certain ignoble complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was
+also discernible. Often, also, we have to exclaim: Would to Heaven
+those same Biographical Documents were come! For it seems as if the
+demonstration lay much in the Author's individuality; as if it were not
+Argument that had taught him, but Experience. At present it is only
+in local glimpses, and by significant fragments, picked often at
+wide-enough intervals from the original Volume, and carefully collated,
+that we can hope to impart some outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine.
+Readers of any intelligence are once more invited to favor us with their
+most concentrated attention: let these, after intense consideration,
+and not till then, pronounce, Whether on the utmost verge of our actual
+horizon there is not a looming as of Land; a promise of new Fortunate
+Islands, perhaps whole undiscovered Americas, for such as have canvas to
+sail thither?--As exordium to the whole, stand here the following long
+citation:--
+
+"With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+ask yourself that unanswerable question: Who am I; the thing that can
+say 'I' (_das Wesen das sich ICH nennt_)? The world, with its loud
+trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all
+the living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith
+your Existence sits surrounded,--the sight reaches forth into the void
+Deep, and you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with it,
+as one mysterious Presence with another.
+
+"Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;--some
+embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind? _Cogito, ergo sum_. Alas,
+poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am;
+and lately was not: but Whence? How? Whereto? The answer lies around,
+written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature: but where
+is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will
+yield articulate meaning? We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century,
+lies not even nearer the verge thereof: sounds and many-colored visions
+flit round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream
+and Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect
+not. Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but
+the Sun that made it lies behind us, hidden from us. Then, in that
+strange Dream, how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances;
+and sleep deepest while fancying ourselves most awake! Which of your
+Philosophical Systems is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient,
+confidently given out, where divisor and dividend are both unknown? What
+are all your national Wars, with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary
+hate-filled Revolutions, but the Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers? This
+Dreaming, this Somnambulism is what we on Earth call Life; wherein the
+most indeed undoubtingly wander, as if they knew right hand from left;
+yet they only are wise who know that they know nothing.
+
+"Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+unproductive! The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's
+secret: a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he
+suffers death, the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and
+Categories, and Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air-castles
+are cunningly built of Words, the Words well bedded also in good
+Logic-mortar; wherein, however, no Knowledge will come to lodge. _The
+whole is greater than the part_: how exceedingly true! _Nature abhors a
+vacuum_: how exceedingly false and calumnious! Again, _Nothing can act
+but where it is_: with all my heart; only, WHERE is it? Be not the slave
+of Words: is not the Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for
+it, and mourn for it, Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor
+I stand on? But that same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the
+first the master-colors of our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas
+(the warp and woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are
+painted. Nevertheless, has not a deeper meditation taught certain
+of every climate and age, that the WHERE and WHEN, so mysteriously
+inseparable from all our thoughts, are but superficial terrestrial
+adhesions to thought; that the Seer may discern them where they mount
+up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE and FOREVER: have not all nations
+conceived their God as Omnipresent and Eternal; as existing in a
+universal HERE, an everlasting Now? Think well, thou too wilt find that
+Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so likewise Time; there _is_ no
+Space and no Time: WE are--we know not what;--light-sparkles floating in
+the ether of Deity!
+
+"So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image,
+our ME the only reality: and Nature, with its thousand-fold production
+and destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy
+of our Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in _Faust_ names it, _the living
+visible Garment of God_:--
+
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+
+Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of
+the _Erdgeist_, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the
+meaning thereof?
+
+"It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes. Strange
+enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+Tailored. The Horse I ride has his own whole fell: strip him of the
+girths and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the
+noble creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his
+own boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the
+valleys, with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein
+warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also
+have been considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color,
+featly appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting. While
+I--good Heaven!--have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of
+sheep, the bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of
+oxen or seals, the felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving
+Rag-screen, overheaped with shreds and tatters raked from the
+Charnel-house of Nature, where they would have rotted, to rot on me more
+slowly! Day after day, I must thatch myself anew; day after day, this
+despicable thatch must lose some film of its thickness; some film of it,
+frayed away by tear and wear, must be brushed off into the Ashpit, into
+the Laystall; till by degrees the whole has been brushed thither, and I,
+the dust-making, patent Rat-grinder, get new material to grind down.
+O subter-brutish! vile! most vile! For have not I too a compact
+all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier? Am I a botched mass of tailors'
+and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated, homogeneous little
+Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+
+"Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to
+plainest facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live
+at ease in the midst of Wonders and Terrors. But indeed man is, and was
+always, a blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than
+to think and consider. Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his
+absolute lawgiver; mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose;
+thus let but a Rising of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World
+happen _twice_, and it ceases to be marvellous, to be noteworthy,
+or noticeable. Perhaps not once in a lifetime does it occur to your
+ordinary biped, of any country or generation, be he gold-mantled Prince
+or russet-jerkined Peasant, that his Vestments and his Self are not one
+and indivisible; that _he_ is naked, without vestments, till he buy or
+steal such, and by forethought sew and button them.
+
+"For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and
+how, reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and
+demoralizes us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind;
+almost as one feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season,
+you see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped
+sacking), in the meadows of Gouda. Nevertheless there is something great
+in the moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages;
+and sees indeed that he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked
+straddling animal with bandy legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable
+Mystery of Mysteries."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM.
+
+Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+conclusion of the last Chapter. The Editor himself, on first glancing
+over that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim: What, have we got
+not only a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract? A
+new Adamite, in this century, which flatters itself that it is the
+Nineteenth, and destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+
+Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+and sexes derive from Clothes. For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling
+and puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth
+into the world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy
+blankets, and bibs, and other nameless hulls? A terror to thyself and
+mankind! Or hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst
+breeches, and thy long clothes became short? The village where thou
+livedst was all apprised of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed
+thy pudding-cheek, and gave thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on
+that the first gala-day of thy existence. Again, wert not thou, at one
+period of life, a Buck, or Blood, or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy,
+or by whatever name, according to year and place, such phenomenon is
+distinguished? In that one word lie included mysterious volumes. Nay,
+now when the reign of folly is over, or altered, and thy clothes are not
+for triumph but for defence, hast thou always worn them perforce, and as
+a consequence of Man's Fall; never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable
+House, a Body round thy Body, wherein that strange THEE of thine sat
+snug, defying all variations of Climate? Girt with thick double-milled
+kerseys; half buried under shawls and broadbrims, and overalls and
+mudboots, thy very fingers cased in doeskin and mittens, thou hast
+bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though it were in wild winter, dashed
+through the world, glorying in it as if thou wert its lord. In vain did
+the sleet beat round thy temples; it lighted only on thy impenetrable,
+felted or woven, case of wool. In vain did the winds howl,--forests
+sounding and creaking, deep calling unto deep,--and the storms heap
+themselves together into one huge Arctic whirlpool: thou flewest through
+the middle thereof, striking fire from the highway; wild music hummed
+in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the air;" the wreck of matter
+and the crash of worlds was thy element and propitiously wafting tide.
+Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what hadst thou been; what had
+thy fleet quadruped been?--Nature is good, but she is not the best: here
+truly was the victory of Art over Nature. A thunderbolt indeed might
+have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst defy.
+
+Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+indeed"? Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+
+Nowise, courteous reader! The Professor knows full well what he is
+saying; and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong. If Clothes,
+in these times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming
+value; can they not be altered to serve better; must they of
+necessity be thrown to the dogs? The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a
+Sansculottist, is no Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go
+forth before this degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do
+it, as those old Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness. The utility of
+Clothes is altogether apparent to him: nay perhaps he has an insight
+into their more recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we
+might call the omnipotent virtue of Clothes, such as was never before
+vouchsafed to any man. For example:--
+
+"You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the
+other in coarse threadbare Blue: Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and
+anatomized;' Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!)
+marches sorrowfully to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his
+hour, and the surgeons dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton
+for medical purposes. How is this; or what make ye of your _Nothing can
+act but where it is_? Red has no physical hold of Blue, no _clutch_
+of him, is nowise in _contact_ with him: neither are those ministering
+Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to
+commanding Red, that he can tug them hither and thither; but each stands
+distinct within his own skin. Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is
+it done: the articulated Word sets all hands in Action; and Rope and
+Improved-drop perform their work.
+
+"Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold: First, that _Man is a
+Spirit_, and bound by invisible bonds to _All Men_; secondly, that _he
+wears Clothes_, which are the visible emblems of that fact. Has not
+your Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a
+plush-gown; whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?--Society, which
+the more I think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon Cloth.
+
+"Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how
+the ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke
+this is presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and
+innumerable Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are
+advancing gallantly to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote
+privacy, to form a clear picture of that solemnity,--on a sudden, as by
+some enchanter's wand, the--shall I speak it?--the Clothes fly off the
+whole dramatic corps; and Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed
+Presence itself, every mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not
+a shirt on them; and I know not whether to laugh or weep. This physical
+or psychical infirmity, in which perhaps I am not singular, I have,
+after hesitation, thought right to publish, for the solace of those
+afflicted with the like."
+
+Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret!
+Who is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his
+Morning Newspaper without a shudder? Hypochondriac men, and all men are
+to a certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated. With
+what readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows
+out the consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes
+on to draw:--
+
+"What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate,
+in very Deed, as here in Dream? _Ach Gott_! How each skulks into
+the nearest hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (_Haupt- und
+Staats-Action_) becomes a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the
+worst kind of Farce; _the tables_ (according to Horace), and with them,
+the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and
+Civilized Society, _are dissolved_, in wails and howls."
+
+Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+naked House of Lords? Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils
+on itself, and will not forward with the picture. The Woolsack, the
+Ministerial, the Opposition Benches--_infandum! infandum_! And yet why
+is the thing impossible? Was not every soul, or rather every body, of
+these Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a
+forked Radish with a head fantastically carved"? And why might he not,
+did our stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as
+into bed, in that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes,
+hold a Bed of Justice? "Solace of those afflicted with the like!"
+Unhappy Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical
+infirmity" before? And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled
+confession (which we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on
+by Critical and Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably
+infect therewith! Art thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the
+maddest?
+
+"It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh,
+"in how far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to
+benefit of clergy, and English trial by jury: nay perhaps, considering
+his high function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and
+Sovereign armed with the _terrors_ of the Law?), to a certain royal
+Immunity and Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class
+of persons are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+
+"O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+with a stick and red clout, to the market:' or if some drivers, as
+they do in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle
+thereof terrifies the boldest!"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. PURE REASON.
+
+It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is
+a speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for
+most part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which
+we make so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and
+"bladders with dried peas." To linger among such speculations, longer
+than mere Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish. For
+our purposes the simple fact that such a _Naked World_ is possible,
+nay actually exists (under the Clothed one), will be sufficient. Much,
+therefore, we omit about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with
+Carmen," and the Kings being thrown: "dissect them with scalpels," says
+Teufelsdrockh; "the same viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other
+life-tackle, are there: examine their spiritual mechanism; the same
+great Need, great Greed, and little Faculty; nay ten to one but the
+Carman, who understands draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something
+of the laws of unstable and stable equilibrium, with other branches
+of wagon-science, and has actually put forth his hand and operated on
+Nature, is the more cunningly gifted of the two. Whence, then, their
+so unspeakable difference? From Clothes." Much also we shall omit about
+confusion of Ranks, and Joan and My Lady, and how it would be everywhere
+"Hail fellow well met," and Chaos were come again: all which to any one
+that has once fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea, _Society in
+a state of Nakedness_, will spontaneously suggest itself. Should some
+sceptical individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without
+Clothes, the smallest Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist,
+let him turn to the original Volume, and view there the boundless
+Serbonian Bog of Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential: over
+which we have lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole
+nations might sink! If indeed the following argument, in its brief
+riveting emphasis, be not of itself incontrovertible and final:--
+
+"Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo? Or how,
+without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and
+true pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a PURSE?"
+
+Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+one knows not whether to hate or to love him. For though, in looking at
+the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures,
+he dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers,--there is
+that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past
+and present Sansculottists. The grand unparalleled peculiarity of
+Teufelsdrockh is, that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a
+Transcendentalism, no less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he
+degrade man below most animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on
+the other, exalts him beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality
+with the Gods.
+
+"To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man? An omnivorous Biped
+that wears Breeches. To the eye of Pure Reason what is he? A Soul, a
+Spirit, and divine Apparition. Round his mysterious ME, there
+lies, under all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses),
+contextured in the Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like,
+and dwells with them in UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for
+himself a Universe, with azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of
+Years. Deep-hidden is he under that strange Garment; amid Sounds
+and Colors and Forms, as it were, swathed in, and inextricably
+over-shrouded: yet it is sky-woven, and worthy of a God. Stands he not
+thereby in the centre of Immensities, in the conflux of Eternities? He
+feels; power has been given him to know, to believe; nay does not the
+spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval brightness, even here,
+though but for moments, look through? Well said Saint Chrysostom,
+with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:' where else is the
+GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our hearts, as in
+our fellow-man?"
+
+In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+forth, as it were, in full flood: and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment,
+we seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;--though,
+alas, the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from
+view.
+
+Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and
+indeed, to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent. Nothing
+that he sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:
+thus, if in the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as
+well as in the poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay,
+Contemptibility; there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend
+Worth. For Matter, were it never so despicable, is Spirit, the
+manifestation of Spirit: were it never so honorable, can it be more? The
+thing Visible, nay the thing Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as
+Visible, what is it but a Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial
+Invisible, "unimaginable formless, dark with excess of bright"? Under
+which point of view the following passage, so strange in purport, so
+strange in phrase, seems characteristic enough:--
+
+"The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+armed eyesight, till they become _transparent_. 'The Philosopher,' says
+the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:' how true!
+The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the Lowest
+has mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+
+"Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in
+Arkwright looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our
+Imagination? Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love;
+since all was created by God?
+
+"Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate,
+a more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+
+For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen
+of so singular a Planet as ours. "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of
+Worship: the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only
+at certain stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a
+reign _in partibus infidelium_." That progress of Science, which is to
+destroy Wonder, and in its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration,
+finds small favor with Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates
+these two latter processes.
+
+"Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted,
+or even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's
+mind become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere
+Tables of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you
+call Political Economy, are the Meal? And what is that Science, which
+the scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's
+in the Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute
+without shadow of a heart,--but one other of the mechanical and menial
+handicrafts, for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too
+noble an organ? I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps
+poisonous; at best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth;
+does not live, like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading
+harvests, bringing food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+
+In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according
+to ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with
+charitable intent. Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and
+treble-pipe Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these
+days, so numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics'
+Institute of Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings
+round their Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as
+illuminated Sceptics, walk abroad into peaceable society, in full
+daylight, with rattle and lantern, and insist on guiding you and
+guarding you therewith, though the Sun is shining, and the street
+populous with mere justice-loving men:" that whole class is
+inexpressibly wearisome to him. Hear with what uncommon animation he
+perorates:--
+
+"The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and
+worship), were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried
+the whole _Mecanique Celeste_ and _Hegel's Philosophy_, and the epitome
+of all Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single
+head,--is but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let
+those who have Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+
+"Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world
+by the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp
+of what I call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or
+believe nothing of it? Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes
+the unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere
+under our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle
+and Temple, as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,--he shall be a
+delirious Mystic; to him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively
+proffer thy hand-lamp, and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his
+foot through it?--_Armer Teufel_! Doth not thy cow calve, doth not
+thy bull gender? Thou thyself, wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?
+'Explain' me all this, or do one of two things: Retire into private
+places with thy foolish cackle; or, what were better, give it up,
+and weep, not that the reign of wonder is done, and God's world all
+disembellished and prosaic, but that thou hitherto art a Dilettante and
+sand-blind Pedant."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE.
+
+The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted
+it would do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a
+cloud-capt, almost chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in
+the far distance, and streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly
+questionable purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more
+important for us to ascertain. Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries
+many a timid wayfarer, or the reflex of Pandemonian lava? Is it of a
+truth leading us into beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning
+marl of a Hell-on-Earth?
+
+Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives
+an Editor enough to do. Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads
+us to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views
+and glances. For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a
+Whole:--
+
+"Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist: 'If I take the wings of the morning
+and dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.' Thou
+thyself, O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a
+Prosaist, knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the
+world where at least FORCE is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy
+wet hand, rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept
+away; already on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic
+of Cancer. How came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless? Thinkest
+thou there is aught motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+
+"As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself: That little fire
+which glows star-like across the dark-growing (_nachtende_) moor, where
+the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy
+lost horse-shoe,--is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the
+whole Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole? Thou fool, that
+smithy-fire was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that
+circulates from before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein,
+with Iron Force, and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are
+cunning affinities and battles and victories of Force brought about; it
+is a little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of
+Immensity. Call it, if thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the
+bosom of the All; whose iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence
+reach quite through the All; whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by
+brain and sinew, preaches forth the mystery of Force; nay preaches forth
+(exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the
+Gospel of Man's Force, commanding, and one day to be all-commanding.
+
+"Detached, separated! I say there is no such separation: nothing
+hitherto was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered
+leaf, works together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless,
+shoreless flood of Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses.
+The withered leaf is not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and
+around it, though working in inverse order; else how could it rot?
+Despise not the rag from which man makes Paper, or the litter from which
+the earth makes Corn. Rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant;
+all objects are as windows, through which the philosophic eye looks into
+Infinitude itself."
+
+Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+
+"All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its
+own account; strictly taken, is not there at all: Matter exists only
+spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and _body_ it forth. Hence
+Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want. On the other hand,
+all Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven:
+must not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the
+else invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like
+Spirits, revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as
+we often see, the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise)
+reveal such even to the outward eye?
+
+"Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with
+Beauty, with Curses, and the like. Nay, if you consider it, what is Man
+himself, and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing
+or visible Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a
+light-particle, down from Heaven? Thus is he said also to be clothed
+with a Body.
+
+"Language is called the Garment of Thought: however, it should rather
+be, Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought. I said that
+Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she? Metaphors are her
+stuff: examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+(of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such,
+or no longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+colorless? If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+the Flesh-Garment, Language,--then are Metaphors its muscles and tissues
+and living integuments. An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain seek
+for: is not your very _Attention_ a _Stretching-to_? The difference
+lies here: some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself seems
+osseous; some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking;
+while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth,
+sometimes (as in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.
+Moreover, there are sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same
+Thought's-Body (best naked), and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering
+it out, may be called its false stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks
+(_Putz-Mantel_), and tawdry woollen rags: whereof he that runs and reads
+may gather whole hampers,--and burn them."
+
+Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see
+a more surprisingly metaphorical? However, that is not our chief
+grievance; the Professor continues:--
+
+"Why multiply instances? It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are: the Time-vesture of
+the Eternal. Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season,
+and to be laid off. Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES,
+rightly understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed,
+done, and been: the whole External Universe and what it holds is but
+Clothing; and the essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF
+CLOTHES."
+
+Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on
+the impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling.
+Till lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected
+Aid of Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into
+the red of morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain
+whether dawn of day or dusk of utter darkness. For the last week, these
+so-called Biographical Documents are in his hand. By the kindness of
+a Scottish Hamburg Merchant, whose name, known to the whole mercantile
+world, he must not mention; but whose honorable courtesy, now and often
+before spontaneously manifested to him, a mere literary stranger,
+he cannot soon forget,--the bulky Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its
+Custom-house seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and miscellaneous tokens of
+Travel, arrived here in perfect safety, and free of cost. The reader
+shall now fancy with what hot haste it was broken up, with what
+breathless expectation glanced over; and, alas, with what unquiet
+disappointment it has, since then, been often thrown down, and again
+taken up.
+
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already:
+that however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science
+originating in the Head (_Verstand_) alone, no Life-Philosophy
+(_Lebensphilosophie_), such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which
+originates equally in the Character (_Gemuth_), and equally speaks
+thereto, can attain its significance till the Character itself is known
+and seen; "till the Author's View of the World (_Weltansicht_), and how
+he actively and passively came by such view, are clear: in short till
+a Biography of him has been philosophico-poetically written, and
+philosophico-poetically read.... Nay," adds he, "were the speculative
+scientific Truth even known, you still, in this inquiring age, ask
+yourself, Whence came it, and Why, and How?--and rest not, till, if
+no better may be, Fancy have shaped out an answer; and either in the
+authentic lineaments of Fact, or the forged ones of Fiction, a complete
+picture and Genetical History of the Man and his spiritual Endeavor lies
+before you. But why," says the Hofrath, and indeed say we, "do I dilate
+on the uses of our Teufelsdrockh's Biography? The great Herr Minister
+von Goethe has penetratingly remarked that Man is properly the _only_
+object that interests man:' thus I too have noted, that in Weissnichtwo
+our whole conversation is little or nothing else but Biography or
+Autobiography; ever humano-anecdotical (_menschlich-anekdotisch_).
+Biography is by nature the most universally profitable, universally
+pleasant of all things: especially Biography of distinguished
+individuals.
+
+"By this time, _mein Verehrtester_ (my Most Esteemed)," continues
+he, with an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from
+Teufelsdrockh, or some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh
+unaccountable, "by this time you are fairly plunged (_vertieft_) in that
+mighty forest of Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers
+do, with astonishment enough. Such portions and passages as you have
+already mastered, and brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange
+curiosity touching the mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled
+psychical mechanism, which manufactured such matter, and emitted it to
+the light of day. Had Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he,
+at one time, wear drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat? Did he ever,
+in rapture and tears, clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also
+wistfully into the long burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds,
+and their low harsh moan, give inarticulate answer? Has he fought
+duels;--good Heaven! how did he comport himself when in Love? By what
+singular stair-steps, in short, and subterranean passages, and sloughs
+of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has he reached this wonderful
+prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry) where he now dwells?
+
+"To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+silent. Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has
+parted with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad
+cookery, blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for
+they have let him pass), has had the Bill to discharge. But the whole
+particulars of his Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque
+Sketches he took, though all regularly jotted down (in indelible
+sympathetic-ink by an invisible interior Penman), are these nowhere
+forthcoming? Perhaps quite lost: one other leaf of that mighty Volume
+(of human Memory) left to fly abroad, unprinted, unpublished, unbound
+up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport of rainy winds?
+
+"No, _verehrtester Herr Herausgeber_, in no wise! I here, by the
+unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only,
+but an Autobiography: at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight: and so the
+whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to
+the wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through
+Hindostan, and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (_einnehmen_)
+great part of this terrestrial Planet!"
+
+And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in
+place of this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find--Six
+considerable PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in
+gilt China-ink, with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs,
+beginning at Libra; in the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous
+masses of Sheets, and oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor
+Teufelsdrockh's scarce legible _cursiv-schrift_; and treating of all
+imaginable things under the Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal
+history only at rare intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+
+Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here,
+speaking in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once
+named. Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological
+Disquisition, "Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The
+continued Possibility of Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite
+private, not unimportant Biographical fact. On certain sheets stand
+Dreams, authentic or not, while the circumjacent waking Actions are
+omitted. Anecdotes, oftenest without date of place or time, fly loosely
+on separate slips, like Sibylline leaves. Interspersed also are long
+purely Autobiographical delineations; yet without connection, without
+recognizable coherence; so unimportant, so superfluously minute, they
+almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk of this Parish." Thus does famine of
+intelligence alternate with waste. Selection, order, appears to be
+unknown to the Professor. In all Bags the same imbroglio; only perhaps
+in the Bag _Capricorn_, and those near it, the confusion a little
+worse confounded. Close by a rather eloquent Oration, "On receiving the
+Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked _bezahlt_ (settled). His Travels
+are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the various cities he has
+visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most living tongues, here is
+perhaps the completest collection extant.
+
+So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which
+by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it! As we shall
+perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in
+the British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them,
+may be spared. Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is,
+clearly enough, none to be gleaned here: at most some sketchy,
+shadowy fugitive likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of
+intellect, partly of imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader,
+rise up between them. Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that
+aqueous-chaotic Volume can the contents of the Six Bags hover round us,
+and portions thereof be incorporated with our delineation of it.
+
+Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles)
+deciphering these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed
+_cursiv-schrift_; collating them with the almost equally unimaginable
+Volume, which stands in legible print. Over such a universal medley of
+high and low, of hot, cold, moist and dry, is he here struggling (by
+union of like with like, which is Method) to build a firm Bridge for
+British travellers. Never perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin
+and Death, built that stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did
+any Pontifex, or Pontiff, undertake such a task as the present Editor.
+For in this Arch too, leading, as we humbly presume, far otherwards
+than that grand primeval one, the materials are to be fished up from the
+weltering deep, and down from the simmering air, here one mass, there
+another, and cunningly cemented, while the elements boil beneath: nor is
+there any supernatural force to do it with; but simply the Diligence
+and feeble thinking Faculty of an English Editor, endeavoring to evolve
+printed Creation out of a German printed and written Chaos, wherein, as
+he shoots to and fro in it, gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to
+the far-distant Wherefore, his whole Faculty and Self are like to be
+swallowed up.
+
+Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little
+but an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for. What is the use of
+health, or of life, if not to do some work therewith? And what work
+nobler than transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic
+soil; except indeed planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are
+privileged to do? Wild as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we
+ever reach its real meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the
+first dim rudiments and already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in
+Universal History. Is not such a prize worth some striving? Forward with
+us, courageous reader; be it towards failure, or towards success! The
+latter thou sharest with us; the former also is not all our own.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK II.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I. GENESIS.
+
+In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether
+from birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight
+is to be gained. Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning
+remains always the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great
+man, we rest not till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole
+circumstances of his first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of
+Public Entry he made, are with utmost completeness rendered manifest.
+To the Genesis of our Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter
+consecrated. Unhappily, indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure
+extraction; uncertain, we might almost say, whether of any: so that this
+Genesis of his can properly be nothing but an Exodus (or transit out
+of Invisibility into Visibility); whereof the preliminary portion is
+nowhere forthcoming.
+
+"In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag _Libra_,
+on various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas
+Futteral and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful
+though now verging towards old age. Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant,
+and even regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but
+now, quitting the halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook,
+cultivated a little Orchard, on the produce of which he,
+Cincinnatus-like, lived not without dignity. Fruits, the peach, the
+apple, the grape, with other varieties came in their season; all which
+Andreas knew how to sell: on evenings he smoked largely, or read (as
+beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and talked to neighbors that would
+listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and how Fritz the Only (_der
+Einzige_) had once with his own royal lips spoken to him, had been
+pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel demanded the pass-word,
+'_Schweig Hund_ (Peace, hound)!' before any of his staff-adjutants could
+answer. '_Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig_, There is what I call a King,'
+would Andreas exclaim: 'but the smoke of Kunersdorf was still smarting
+his eyes.'
+
+"Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than
+the looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (_wer
+kann die Weiberchen dressiren_):' nevertheless she at heart loved him
+both for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and
+Regiment's Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid: what you
+see, yet cannot see over, is as good as infinite. Nay, was not Andreas
+in very deed a man of order, courage, downrightness (_Geradheit_); that
+understood Busching's _Geography_, had been in the victory of Rossbach,
+and left for dead in the camisade of Hochkirch? The good Gretchen, for
+all her fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as only a true
+house-mother can: assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured for him;
+so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but the
+whole habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung,
+looked ever trim and gay: a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in
+fruit-trees and forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising
+many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in
+through the very windows; under its long projecting eaves nothing but
+garden-tools in methodic piles (to screen them from rain), and seats
+where, especially on summer nights, a King might have wished to sit and
+smoke, and call it his. Such a Bauergut (Copyhold) had Gretchen given
+her veteran; whose sinewy arms, and long-disused gardening talent, had
+made it what you saw.
+
+"Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when
+the Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless
+journey visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (_Libra_),
+it was that a Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave
+salutation, stood before the two rather astonished housemates. He was
+close-muffled in a wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding,
+he deposited therefrom what seemed some Basket, overhung with
+green Persian silk; saying only: _Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein
+unschatzbares Verleihen; nehmt es in aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt
+es: mit hohem Lohn, oder wohl mit schweren Zinsen, wird's einst
+zuruckgefordert_. 'Good Christian people, here lies for you an
+invaluable Loan; take all heed thereof, in all carefulness employ it:
+with high recompense, or else with heavy penalty, will it one day be
+required back.' Uttering which singular words, in a clear, bell-like,
+forever memorable tone, the Stranger gracefully withdrew; and before
+Andreas or his wife, gazing in expectant wonder, had time to fashion
+either question or answer, was clean gone. Neither out of doors could
+aught of him be seen or heard; he had vanished in the thickets, in the
+dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly closed: the Stranger was gone once
+and always. So sudden had the whole transaction been, in the autumn
+stillness and twilight, so gentle, noiseless, that the Futterals could
+have fancied it all a trick of Imagination, or some visit from an
+authentic Spirit. Only that the green-silk Basket, such as neither
+Imagination nor authentic Spirits are wont to carry, still stood visible
+and tangible on their little parlor-table. Towards this the astonished
+couple, now with lit candle, hastily turned their attention. Lifting
+the green veil, to see what invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid
+down and rich white wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but,
+in the softest sleep, a little red-colored Infant! Beside it, lay a roll
+of gold Friedrichs, the exact amount of which was never publicly known;
+also a _Taufschein_ (baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately
+nothing but the Name was decipherable, other document or indication none
+whatever.
+
+"To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire
+of any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had
+passed through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with
+this Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise. Meanwhile, for
+Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was: What to do
+with this little sleeping red-colored Infant? Amid amazements and
+curiosities, which had to die away without external satisfying, they
+resolved, as in such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must,
+on nursing it, though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible
+into manhood. The Heavens smiled on their endeavor: thus has that
+same mysterious Individual ever since had a status for himself in this
+visible Universe, some modicum of victual and lodging and parade-ground;
+and now expanded in bulk, faculty and knowledge of good and evil, he, as
+HERR DIOGENES TEUFELSDROCKH, professes or is ready to profess, perhaps
+not altogether without effect, in the new University of Weissnichtwo,
+the new Science of Things in General."
+
+Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral,
+In his twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite
+indelible impression. Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that
+glided into the Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as
+on spirit's wings, glided out again, might be? An inexpressible desire,
+full of love and of sadness, has often since struggled within me to
+shape an answer. Ever, in my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy
+turned, full of longing (_sehnsuchtsvoll_), to that unknown Father,
+who perhaps far from me, perhaps near, either way invisible, might have
+taken me to his paternal bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe.
+Thou beloved Father, dost thou still, shut out from me only by thin
+penetrable curtains of earthly Space, wend to and fro among the crowd
+of the living? Or art thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the
+Everlasting Night, or rather of the Everlasting Day, through which my
+mortal eye and outstretched arms need not strive to reach? Alas, I know
+not, and in vain vex myself to know. More than once, heart-deluded,
+have I taken for thee this and the other noble-looking Stranger; and
+approached him wistfully, with infinite regard; but he too had to repel
+me, he too was not thou.
+
+"And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of
+his sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar? Hadst thou, any more
+than I, a Father whom thou knowest? The Andreas and Gretchen, or the
+Adam and Eve, who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed
+thee there, whom thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine,
+but thy nursing-father and nursing-mother: thy true Beginning and Father
+is in Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only
+with the spiritual....
+
+"The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+Diogenes Teufelsdrockh. From the veil can nothing be inferred: a piece
+of now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others. On the Name I
+have many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay
+there any clew. That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to
+believe. To no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's
+Books, in and without the German Empire, and through all manner
+of Subscriber-Lists (_Pranumeranten_), Militia-Rolls, and other
+Name-catalogues; extraordinary names as we have in Germany, the name
+Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to my own person, nowhere occurs.
+Again, what may the unchristian rather than Christian 'Diogenes' mean?
+Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such designation, to shadow
+forth my future destiny, or his own present malign humor? Perhaps the
+latter, perhaps both. Thou ill-starred Parent, who like an Ostrich hadst
+to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into self-support by
+the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have been a smooth
+one? Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed by the
+worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct. Often have I fancied how,
+in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit
+(_Zeitgeist_) in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee
+was seered into grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave
+in me an indignant appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest
+against the Devil, as that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time
+itself, is well named! Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add,
+was not perhaps quite lost in air.
+
+"For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously
+(for there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the
+very skin. And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send
+inwards, even to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times,
+when the whole soul is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain
+will grow to be an all overshadowing tree! Names? Could I unfold the
+influence of Names, which are the most important of all Clothings, I
+were a second greater Trismegistus. Not only all common Speech, but
+Science, Poetry itself is no other, if thou consider it, than a right
+_Naming_. Adam's first task was giving names to natural Appearances:
+what is ours still but a continuation of the same; be the Appearances
+exotic-vegetable, organic, mechanic, stars, or starry movements (as
+in Science); or (as in Poetry) passions, virtues, calamities,
+God-attributes, Gods?--In a very plain sense the Proverb says, _Call
+one a thief, and he will steal_; in an almost similar sense may we not
+perhaps say, _Call one Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the
+Philosophy of Clothes_?"
+
+
+"Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word,
+by all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a
+whole infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring
+daily to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe
+where he had arrived, be his task therein what it might. Infinite was
+his progress; thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle
+of--Speech! To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh
+(celestial) Egg; wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by
+degrees organic elements and fibres shoot through the watery albumen;
+and out of vague Sensation grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and
+we have Philosophies, Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+
+"Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive
+had they in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high
+consummations, by quick yet easy stages. The Futterals, to avoid vain
+talk, and moreover keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that
+he was a grandnephew; the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly
+deceased, in Andreas's distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of
+her indigent sorrowing widower, little enough was known at Entepfuhl.
+Heedless of all which, the Nursling took to his spoon-meat, and throve.
+I have heard him noted as a still infant, that kept his mind much to
+himself; above all, that seldom or never cried. He already felt
+that time was precious; that he had other work cut out for him than
+whimpering."
+
+
+Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these
+miscellaneous Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr
+Teufelsdrockh's genealogy. More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem
+to few readers than to us. The Professor, in whom truly we more and more
+discern a certain satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish
+whim, for the present stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him:
+but seems it not conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral,"
+or some other perhaps interested party, he has himself been deceived?
+Should these sheets, translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl
+Circulating Library, some cultivated native of that district might feel
+called to afford explanation. Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts,
+permeate the whole habitable globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe
+from British Literature, may not some Copy find out even the mysterious
+basket-bearing Stranger, who in a state of extreme senility perhaps
+still exists; and gently force even him to disclose himself; to claim
+openly a son, in whom any father may feel pride?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC.
+
+"HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh: "Kind Nature, that
+art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing
+of Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round
+(_umgaukelt_) by sweetest Dreams! If the paternal Cottage still shuts us
+in, its roof still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet,
+priest and king, and an Obedience that makes us free. The young spirit
+has awakened out of Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet
+Time is no fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to
+the child are as ages: ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or
+quicker decay and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric,
+from the granite mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in
+a motionless Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling
+Universe is forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair
+Child, for thy long rough journey is at hand! A little while, and thou
+too shalt sleep no more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles;
+thou too, with old Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience: 'Rest?
+Rest? Shall I not have all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe!
+though a Pyrrhus conquer empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he
+finds thee not; and thou hast once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on
+the eyelids, on the heart of every mother's child. For as yet, sleep
+and waking are one: the fair Life-garden rustles infinite around, and
+everywhere is dewy fragrance, and the budding of Hope; which budding, if
+in youth, too frost-nipt, it grow to flowers, will in manhood yield no
+fruit, but a prickly, bitter-rinded stone-fruit, of which the fewest can
+find the kernel."
+
+In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look
+back on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing
+of much other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an
+almost wearisome minuteness. We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black
+Sea, into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all
+other rows and clumps, towered up from the central _Agora_ and _Campus
+Martius_ of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat
+talking under its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the
+wearied laborers reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the
+young men and maidens often danced to flute-music. "Glorious summer
+twilights," cries Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror
+and Imperial Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple
+emblazonry, and all his fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and
+the tired brickmakers of this clay Earth might steal a little frolic,
+and those few meek Stars would not tell of them!"
+
+Then we have long details of the _Weinlesen_ (Vintage), the
+Harvest-Home, Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the
+Entepfuhl Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial
+shades from those of other countries. Concerning all which, we shall
+here, for obvious reasons, say nothing. What cares the world for our as
+yet miniature Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "?
+Or even where is the use of such practical reflections as the following?
+"In all the sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages
+and defacements, you shall discern a creative instinct (_schaffenden
+Trieb_): the Mankin feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is
+to work. The choicest present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or
+pen-gun, for construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work,
+for Change. In gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains
+himself to Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed:
+the little Maid again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with
+preference to Dolls."
+
+Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+relates it: "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather,
+I should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and
+indivisible, reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs:
+of which fashion how little could I then divine the architectural, how
+much less the moral significance!"
+
+More graceful is the following little picture: "On fine evenings I was
+wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+out-of-doors. On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach
+by climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed: there, many a sunset, have I,
+looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish,
+my evening meal. Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless
+I was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+gilding."
+
+With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not
+much intermeddle. It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper
+sympathy with animated Nature:" but when, we would ask, saw any man,
+in a collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this:
+"Impressive enough (_bedeutungsvoll_) was it to hear, in early morning,
+the Swineherd's horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds
+were, on all sides, starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on
+the Heath. Or to see them at eventide, all marching in again, with short
+squeak, almost in military order; and each, topographically correct,
+trotting off in succession to the right or left, through its own lane,
+to its own dwelling; till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone,
+blew his last blast, and retired for the night. We are wont to love the
+Hog chiefly in the form of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned
+beings here manifest intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any
+rate, a touching, trustful submissiveness to Man,--who, were he but a
+Swineherd, in darned gabardine, and leather breeches more resembling
+slate or discolored-tin breeches, is still the Hierarch of this lower
+world?"
+
+It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius
+is quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+dunces. Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver: the inner man of
+the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has
+exuded and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at
+the bottom of his stomach. "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh,
+"I should as soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by
+favorable or unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into
+a cabbage, or the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+
+"Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence
+of early culture and nurture: hereby we have either a doddered dwarf
+bush, or a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow
+cabbage, or an edible luxuriant green one. Of a truth, it is the duty of
+all men, especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+hindered, what in any way modified it: to which duty, nowadays so
+pressing for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address
+myself."--Thou rogue! Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and
+swineherd horns, that an infant of genius is educated? And yet, as
+usual, it ever remains doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at
+these Autobiographical times of ours, or writing from the abundance of
+his own fond ineptitude. For he continues: "If among the ever-streaming
+currents of Sights, Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as
+in a Magic Hall, young Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to
+select and specify, perhaps these following were also of the number:
+
+"Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the
+young creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency
+given him by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect,
+could not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.' Eagerly I
+hung upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from
+these perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a
+dim world of Adventure expanded itself within me. Incalculable also
+was the knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the
+Linden-tree: the whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these
+reverend seniors, talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys
+thereof for nigh fourscore years? With amazement I began to discover
+that Entepfuhl stood in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there
+was such a thing as History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by
+hand and tongue, might contribute.
+
+"In a like sense worked the _Postwagen_ (Stage-coach), which,
+slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our
+Village: northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly
+at eventide. Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen
+could be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere
+Law of Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways,
+from far cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous
+shuttle into closer and closer union. It was then that, independently
+of Schiller's _Wilhelm Tell_, I made this not quite insignificant
+reflection (so true also in spiritual things): _Any road, this simple
+Entepfuhl road, will lead you to the end of the World_!
+
+"Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of
+May, snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby? The hospitable Father (for
+cleanliness' sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest:
+there they built, and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I
+chiefly, from the heart loved them. Bright, nimble creatures, who
+taught you the mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic
+incorporation, almost social police? For if, by ill chance, and when
+time pressed, your House fell, have I not seen five neighborly
+Helpers appear next day; and swashing to and fro, with animated, loud,
+long-drawn chirpings, and activity almost super-hirundine, complete it
+again before nightfall?
+
+"But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture,
+where as in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and
+simultaneously poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair. Here,
+assembling from all the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable
+hurry-burly. Nut-brown maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed,
+loud-laughing, bedizened and beribanded; who came for dancing, for
+treating, and if possible, for happiness. Topbooted Graziers from the
+North; Swiss Brokers, Italian Drovers, also topbooted, from the South;
+these with their subalterns in leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and
+long ox-goads; shouting in half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate
+barking and bellowing. Apart stood Potters from far Saxony, with their
+crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed
+richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen from the Lago Maggiore; detachments
+of the _Wiener Schub_ (Offscourings of Vienna) vociferously
+superintending games of chance. Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers
+grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (_heuriger_) flowed like water, still
+worse confounding the confusion; and high over all, vaulted, in
+ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew, like the genius
+of the place and of Life itself.
+
+"Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes
+of contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,--did the Child
+sit and learn. These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime
+he was to syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World: what
+matters it whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small
+ungilt ones, so you have an eye to read it? For Gneschen, eager to
+learn, the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded
+all: his existence was a bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as
+in Prospero's Island, wonder after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach
+by charming.
+
+"Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my
+felicity was perfect. I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into
+the Earth. Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even
+in childhood a dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and
+often quite overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader
+and broader; till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy,
+and threatened to engulf me in final night. It was the ring of Necessity
+whereby we are all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun
+brightens it into a ring of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful
+prismatic diffractions; yet ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole
+being, it is there.
+
+"For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly
+to look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that. If good
+Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most.
+In all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished?
+On the other side, however, things went not so well. My Active Power
+(_Thatkraft_) was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many
+traces yet abide with me! In an orderly house, where the litter of
+children's sports is hateful enough, your training is too stoical;
+rather to bear and forbear than to make and do. I was forbid much:
+wishes in any measure bold I had to renounce; everywhere a strait bond
+of Obedience inflexibly held me down. Thus already Freewill often came
+in painful collision with Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at
+seasons the Child itself might taste that root of bitterness, wherewith
+the whole fruitage of our life is mingled and tempered.
+
+"In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer
+to err by excess than by defect. Obedience is our universal duty and
+destiny; wherein whoso will not bend must break: too early and too
+thoroughly we cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of
+ours, is as mere zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of
+fractions even to Shall. Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly
+Discretion, nay of Morality itself. Let me not quarrel with my
+upbringing. It was rigorous, too frugal, compressively secluded, every
+way unscientific: yet in that very strictness and domestic solitude
+might there not lie the root of deeper earnestness, of the stem from
+which all noble fruit must grow? Above all, how unskilful soever, it was
+loving, it was well-meant, honest; whereby every deficiency was helped.
+My kind Mother, for as such I must ever love the good Gretchen, did me
+one altogether invaluable service: she taught me, less indeed by word
+than by act and daily reverent look and habitude, her own simple version
+of the Christian Faith. Andreas too attended Church; yet more like
+a parade-duty, for which he in the other world expected pay with
+arrears,--as, I trust, he has received; but my Mother, with a true
+woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense, was in the strictest
+acceptation Religious. How indestructibly the Good grows, and propagates
+itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil! The highest whom
+I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe unspeakable, before a
+Higher in Heaven: such things, especially in infancy, reach inwards to
+the very core of your being; mysteriously does a Holy of Holies build
+itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and Reverence, the
+divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean envelopment of
+Fear. Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew, were it never so
+rudely, there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's son that only
+knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the family-coach?"
+
+To which last question we must answer: Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+spiritual pride!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY.
+
+Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed,
+and much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his
+soft hazel eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still
+intelligence) called upon for little voluntary movement there. Hitherto,
+accordingly, his aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient
+Philosopher and Poet in the abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr
+Heuschrecke himself to say wherein the special Doctrine of Clothes is
+as yet foreshadowed or betokened. For with Gneschen, as with others, the
+Man may indeed stand pictured in the Boy (at least all the pigments are
+there); yet only some half of the Man stands in the Child, or young Boy,
+namely, his Passive endowment, not his Active. The more impatient are we
+to discover what figure he cuts in this latter capacity; how, when, to
+use his own words, "he understands the tools a little, and can handle
+this or that," he will proceed to handle it.
+
+Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our
+Philosopher's history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:
+nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity"
+of his, which, with no free development of the antagonist Activity,
+distinguished his childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that,
+in after days, and still in these present days, astonishes the world.
+For the shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without
+Activity of any kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man
+with Activity almost superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden,
+enigmatic, that no mortal can foresee its explosions, or even when
+it has exploded, so much as ascertain its significance. A dangerous,
+difficult temper for the modern European; above all, disadvantageous in
+the hero of a Biography! Now as heretofore it will behoove the Editor of
+these pages, were it never so unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+
+Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man
+of letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books. On this portion of his
+History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent. Reading he
+"cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature.
+He says generally: "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken. I learned
+what others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head,
+seeing as yet no manner of use in it. My Schoolmaster, a down-bent,
+broken-hearted, underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did
+little for me, except discover that he could do little: he, good soul,
+pronounced me a genius, fit for the learned professions; and that I must
+be sent to the Gymnasium, and one day to the University. Meanwhile,
+what printed thing soever I could meet with I read. My very copper
+pocket-money I laid out on stall-literature; which, as it accumulated,
+I with my own hands sewed into volumes. By this means was the young
+head furnished with a considerable miscellany of things and shadows
+of things: History in authentic fragments lay mingled with Fabulous
+chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the whole not as dead stuff, but
+as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic."
+
+That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know. Indeed,
+already in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there
+may have been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms
+of a spirit singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical. Thus, to say
+nothing of his Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that
+earlier period, have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their
+twelfth year, on such reflections as the following? "It struck me much,
+as I sat by the Kuhbach, one silent noontide, and watched it flowing,
+gurgling, to think how this same streamlet had flowed and gurgled,
+through all changes of weather and of fortune, from beyond the earliest
+date of History. Yes, probably on the morning when Joshua forded Jordan;
+even as at the mid-day when Caesar, doubtless with difficulty, swam the
+Nile, yet kept his _Commentaries_ dry,--this little Kuhbach, assiduous
+as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was murmuring on across the wilderness, as
+yet unnamed, unseen: here, too, as in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is
+a vein or veinlet of the grand World-circulation of Waters, which, with
+its atmospheric arteries, has lasted and lasts simply with the World.
+Thou fool! Nature alone is antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that
+idle crag thou sittest on is six thousand years of age." In which little
+thought, as in a little fountain, may there not lie the beginning of
+those well-nigh unutterable meditations on the grandeur and mystery
+of TIME, and its relation to ETERNITY, which play such a part in this
+Philosophy of Clothes?
+
+Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers
+so lyrical and joyful as over his childhood. Green sunny tracts there
+are still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+stagnating into sour marshes of discontent. "With my first view of the
+Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began. Well do I still
+remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope
+by the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place,
+and saw its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and _Schuldthurm_
+(Jail), and the aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast:
+a little dog, in mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps
+had tied a tin kettle to its tail; thus did the agonized creature,
+loud-jingling, career through the whole length of the Borough, and
+become notable enough. Fit emblem of many a Conquering Hero, to
+whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense, as it often elsewhere does) has
+malignantly appended a tin kettle of Ambition, to chase him on; which
+the faster he runs, urges him the faster, the more loudly and more
+foolishly! Fit emblem also of much that awaited myself, in that
+mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion and epitome!
+
+"Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance: I
+was among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards
+me; the young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone."
+His school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him: "They were Boys," he
+says, "mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which
+bids the deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to
+death any broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong
+tyrannize over the weak." He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual
+degree morally courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain
+have avoided it; a result, as would appear, owing less to his small
+personal stature (for in passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"),
+than to his "virtuous principles:" "if it was disgraceful to be beaten,"
+says he, "it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as
+fought; thus was I drawn two ways at once, and in this important element
+of school-history, the war-element, had little but sorrow." On the
+whole, that same excellent "Passivity," so notable in Teufelsdrockh's
+childhood, is here visibly enough again getting nourishment. "He wept
+often; indeed to such a degree that he was nicknamed _Der Weinende_ (the
+Tearful), which epithet, till towards his thirteenth year, was indeed
+not quite unmerited. Only at rare intervals did the young soul burst
+forth into fire-eyed rage, and, with a stormfulness (_Ungestum_) under
+which the boldest quailed, assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at
+least of Mankin." In all which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree
+and cinnamon-tree (of genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and
+ignoble shrubs; and forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only,
+and not outwards; into a _height_ quite sickly, and disproportioned to
+its _breadth_?
+
+We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So
+that, except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went
+about, as was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there
+learning many things;" and farther lighted on some small store
+of curious reading, in Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he
+lodged,--his time, it would appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the
+Professor has not yet learned to look upon with any contentment. Indeed,
+throughout the whole of this Bag _Scorpio_, where we now are, and often
+in the following Bag, he shows himself unusually animated on the matter
+of Education, and not without some touch of what we might presume to be
+anger.
+
+"My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it
+fostering the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical
+Gerund-grinder, the like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be
+manufactured at Nurnberg out of wood and leather, foster the growth
+of anything; much more of Mind, which grows, not like a vegetable (by
+having its roots littered with etymological compost), but like a spirit,
+by mysterious contact of Spirit; Thought kindling itself at the fire of
+living Thought? How shall _he_ give kindling, in whose own inward
+man there is no live coal, but all is burnt out to a dead grammatical
+cinder? The Hinterschlag Professors knew syntax enough; and of the human
+soul thus much: that it had a faculty called Memory, and could be acted
+on through the muscular integument by appliance of birch-rods.
+
+"Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+all hands fitly encouraged: till communities and individuals discover,
+not without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by
+Knowledge can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by
+Gunpowder; that with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there
+should be world-honored Dignitaries, and were it possible, true
+God-ordained Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the Soldier wears
+openly, and even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have
+travelled, did the Schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool: nay,
+were he to walk abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom
+expected honor, would there not, among the idler class, perhaps a
+certain levity be excited?"
+
+In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+melancholy. "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable
+silent nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word,
+NEVER! now first showed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got
+vent; but in my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in
+silent desolation. Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is
+so healthful that it even finds nourishment in Death: these stern
+experiences, planted down by Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a
+whole cypress-forest, sad but beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious
+sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the hottest sunshine, through long years
+of youth:--as in manhood also it does, and will do; for I have now
+pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree; the Tomb is now my inexpugnable
+Fortress, ever close by the gate of which I look upon the hostile
+armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous Life placidly enough,
+and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still smile. O ye loved
+ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest, whom in life I
+could only weep for and never help; and ye, who wide-scattered still
+toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the flinty ground with
+your blood,--yet a little while, and we shall all meet THERE, and
+our Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's harness, and
+Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol and inhabit
+ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+
+Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of
+the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in
+life (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the
+genealogy of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the
+Fowler: the whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It
+only concerns us to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen
+revealed to her foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or
+indeed of any kindred, having come into historical existence in the way
+already known to us. "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not
+only of Possession, but even of Remembrance. Sorrow and Wonder,
+here suddenly united, could not but produce abundant fruit. Such a
+disclosure, in such a season, struck its roots through my whole
+nature: ever till the years of mature manhood, it mingled with my whole
+thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my day-dreams and night-dreams
+grew. A certain poetic elevation, yet also a corresponding civic
+depression, it naturally imparted: _I was like no other_; in which
+fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener to frightfullest
+results, may there not lie the first spring of tendencies, which in
+my Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth, so in action,
+speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not numerous."
+
+
+In the Bag _Sagittarius_, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will
+nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the
+way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our
+readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in
+a Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found,
+and must always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In _Sagittarius_,
+however, Teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than
+usually Sibylline: fragments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir,
+College-Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn
+Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together
+as if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To
+combine any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much
+more, to decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the
+Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.
+
+So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at
+length perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the
+living Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities. From such
+Fountain he draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his
+whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements,
+entanglements, aberrations are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps
+are even pecuniary distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in
+spite of advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him
+hither, must after a time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand."
+Nevertheless in an atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humor
+of that young Soul, what character is in him, first decisively reveals
+itself; and, like strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of
+colors, some of which are prismatic. Thus, with the aid of Time and of
+what Time brings, has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdrockh waxed into
+manly stature; and into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new
+eagerness, How he specially came by it, and regret anew that there is
+no more explicit answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially
+significant fragments, which are few in number, shall be extracted from
+that Limbo of a Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.
+
+As if, in the Bag _Scorpio_, Teufelsdrockh had not already expectorated
+his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name _Sagittarius_, he had
+thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in with
+such matter as this: "The University where I was educated still stands
+vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which name,
+however, I, from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall in
+nowise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England and
+Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Universities.
+This is indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly as may be,
+impossible: however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit: nay,
+I can conceive a worse system than that of the Nameless itself; as
+poisoned victual may be worse than absolute hunger.
+
+"It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+ditch: wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer,
+if both leader and led simply--sit still? Had you, anywhere in Crim
+Tartary, walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small,
+ill-chosen Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred
+Christian striplings, to tumble about as they listed, from three to
+seven years: certain persons, under the title of Professors, being
+stationed at the gates, to declare aloud that it was a University, and
+exact considerable admission-fees,--you had, not indeed in mechanical
+structure, yet in spirit and result, some imperfect resemblance of our
+High Seminary. I say, imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was
+quite other, so neither was our result altogether the same: unhappily,
+we were not in Crim Tartary, but in a corrupt European city, full of
+smoke and sin; moreover, in the middle of a Public, which, without far
+costlier apparatus than that of the Square Enclosure, and Declaration
+aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+
+"Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled,
+with the most surprising profit. Towards anything like a _Statistics
+of Imposture_, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange
+indifference, our Economists, nigh buried under Tables for
+minor Branches of Industry, have altogether overlooked the grand
+all-overtopping Hypocrisy Branch; as if our whole arts of Puffery, of
+Quackery, Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the innumerable other crafts and
+mysteries of that genus, had not ranked in Productive Industry at all!
+Can any one, for example, so much as say, What moneys, in Literature and
+Shoeblacking, are realized by actual Instruction and actual jet Polish;
+what by fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such; specifying,
+in distinct items, the distributions, circulations, disbursements,
+incomings of said moneys, with the smallest approach to accuracy? But
+to ask, How far, in all the several infinitely complected departments
+of social business, in government, education, in manual, commercial,
+intellectual fabrication of every sort, man's Want is supplied by true
+Ware; how far by the mere Appearance of true Ware:--in other words, To
+what extent, by what methods, with what effects, in various times and
+countries, Deception takes the place of wages of Performance: here
+truly is an Inquiry big with results for the future time, but to which
+hitherto only the vaguest answer can be given. If for the present, in
+our Europe, we estimate the ratio of Ware to Appearance of Ware so high
+even as at One to a Hundred (which, considering the Wages of a Pope,
+Russian Autocrat, or English Game-Preserver, is probably not far from
+the mark),--what almost prodigious saving may there not be anticipated,
+as the _Statistics of Imposture_ advances, and so the manufacturing of
+Shams (that of Realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction
+therefrom) gradually declines, and at length becomes all but wholly
+unnecessary!
+
+"This for the coming golden ages. What I had to remark, for the present
+brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can
+as yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature,
+and man's Gullibility not his worst blessing. Suppose your sinews of
+war quite broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but
+exhausted; and that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut
+your and each other's throat,--then were it not well could you, as if
+by miracle, pay them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated
+water, or mere imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came
+up, they might be kept together and quiet? Such perhaps was the aim of
+Nature, who does nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite,
+Man, with this his so omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being
+Gulled.
+
+"How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+mechanism for itself! These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then
+too with no great effort, by quite another class of persons. Which
+Reputation, like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the
+general current, bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on
+their part, to hold long together, and of its own accord assiduously
+grind for them. Happy that it was so, for the Millers! They themselves
+needed not to work; their attempts at working, at what they called
+Educating, now when I look back on it, fill me with a certain mute
+admiration.
+
+"Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into
+a state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to
+end in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (_crepiren_)
+in finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.--But
+this too is portion of mankind's lot. If our era is the Era of Unbelief,
+why murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come? As in
+long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith
+alternate with the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer
+luxuriance of all Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations,
+be followed by, and again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter
+dissolution. For man lives in Time, has his whole earthly being,
+endeavor and destiny shaped for him by Time: only in the transitory
+Time-Symbol is the ever-motionless Eternity we stand on made manifest.
+And yet, in such winter-seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler-minded
+perhaps a comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and
+work; and for the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating animals,
+safe-lodged in some Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other
+superstitious or voluptuous Castle of Indolence, they can slumber
+through, in stupid dreams, and only awaken when the loud-roaring
+hailstorms have all alone their work, and to our prayers and martyrdoms
+the new Spring has been vouchsafed."
+
+That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful. "The
+hungry young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for
+food, were bidden eat the east-wind. What vain jargon of controversial
+Metaphysic, Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named
+Science, was current there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the
+most. Among eleven hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting
+some eleven eager to learn. By collision with such, a certain warmth, a
+certain polish was communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took
+less to rioting (_renommiren_), than to thinking and reading, which
+latter also I was free to do. Nay from the chaos of that Library, I
+succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps than had been known to the
+very keepers thereof. The foundation of a Literary Life was hereby laid:
+I learned, on my own strength, to read fluently in almost all cultivated
+languages, on almost all subjects and sciences; farther, as man is ever
+the prime object to man, already it was my favorite employment to read
+character in speculation, and from the Writing to construe the Writer.
+A certain groundplan of Human Nature and Life began to fashion itself in
+me; wondrous enough, now when I look back on it; for my whole Universe,
+physical and spiritual, was as yet a Machine! However, such a conscious,
+recognized groundplan, the truest I had, _was_ beginning to be there,
+and by additional experiments might be corrected and indefinitely
+extended."
+
+Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for
+himself the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help. Nevertheless
+a desert this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters.
+Teufelsdrockh gives us long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;"
+his Inquiries concerning Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith;
+and how "in the silent night-watches, still darker in his heart than
+over sky and earth, he has cast himself before the All-seeing, and with
+audible prayers cried vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death
+and the Grave. Not till after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did
+the believing heart surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the
+nightmare, Unbelief; and, in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair
+living world for a pallid, vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium. But
+through such Purgatory pain," continues he, "it is appointed us to
+pass; first must the dead Letter of Religion own itself dead, and drop
+piecemeal into dust, if the living Spirit of Religion, freed from this
+its charnel-house, is to arise on us, new-born of Heaven, and with new
+healing under its wings."
+
+To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season
+of youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here
+so poor in means,--do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed and
+overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling
+up among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor
+than of clear flame?
+
+From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to
+be inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had
+not altogether escaped notice: certain established men are aware of his
+existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their
+eyes on him. He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+himself to the Profession of Law;--whereof, indeed, the world has since
+seen him a public graduate. But omitting these broken, unsatisfactory
+thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the following small
+thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for himself weaving
+it in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture of these
+University years.
+
+"Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as
+it is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality
+(_von Adel_), from the interior parts of England. He stood connected, by
+blood and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of
+Germany; to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all
+friendliness, brought near. Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably
+ill-cultivated; with considerable humor of character: and, bating his
+total ignorance, for he knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar,
+showed less of that aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for
+most part belongs to Travellers of his nation. To him I owe my first
+practical knowledge of the English and their ways; perhaps also
+something of the partiality with which I have ever since regarded that
+singular people. Towgood was not without an eye, could he have come at
+any light. Invited doubtless by the presence of the Zahdarm Family,
+he had travelled hither, in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his
+studies; he, whose studies had as yet been those of infancy, hither to
+a University where so much as the notion of perfection, not to say the
+effort after it, no longer existed! Often we would condole over the hard
+destiny of the Young in this era: how, after all our toil, we were to be
+turned out into the world, with beards on our chins indeed, but with few
+other attributes of manhood; no existing thing that we were trained to
+Act on, nothing that we could so much as Believe. 'How has our head on
+the outside a polished Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the inside
+Vacancy, or a froth of Vocables and Attorney-Logic! At a small cost men
+are educated to make leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am
+I educated to make? By Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten
+and worn, as I came thus far, would endow a considerable Hospital of
+Incurables.'--'Man, indeed,' I would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty,
+which must be kept working, were it even partly by stealth. But as for
+our Miseducation, make not bad worse; waste not the time yet ours, in
+trampling on thistles because they have yielded us no figs. _Frisch
+zu, Bruder_! Here are Books, and we have brains to read them; here is
+a whole Earth and a whole Heaven, and we have eyes to look on them:
+_Frisch zu_!'
+
+"Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire.
+We looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at
+once harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered: motley, not
+unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. For
+myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours. Towards this young
+warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even
+near experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship. Yes, foolish
+Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+always. By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants.
+If man's _Soul_ is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+Philosophy, a kind of _Stomach_, what else is the true meaning of
+Spiritual Union but an Eating together? Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+
+So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+romance. What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+where. Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+man?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY.
+
+"Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as
+quitting College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes
+Teufelsdrockh: a visible Temporary Figure (_Zeitbild_), occupying some
+cubic feet of Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and
+spiritual; hopes, passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in
+more or less perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man. Capabilities
+there were in me to give battle, in some small degree, against the
+great Empire of Darkness: does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with
+his spade, extinguish many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a
+little Order, where he found the opposite? Nay your very Day-moth has
+capabilities in this kind; and ever organizes something (into its own
+Body, if no otherwise), which was before Inorganic; and of mute dead air
+makes living music, though only of the faintest, by humming.
+
+"How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned,
+or begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought! Thaumaturgic
+I name it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and
+henceforth innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days,
+witness some. Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it
+makes and unmakes whole worlds, I shall forbear mention: but cannot
+the dullest hear Steam-engines clanking around him? Has he not seen the
+Scottish Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling
+on fire-wings round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than
+any other Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching
+and carrying: at home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough
+overturning the whole old system of Society; and, for Feudalism and
+Preservation of the Game, preparing us, by indirect but sure methods,
+Industrialism and the Government of the Wisest? Truly a Thinking Man is
+the worst enemy the Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one
+announces himself, I doubt not, there runs a shudder through the
+Nether Empire; and new Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if
+possible, entrap him, and hoodwink and handcuff him.
+
+"With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe,
+been called. Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace
+and War against the Time-Prince (_Zeitfurst_), or Devil, and all his
+Dominions, your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is
+so difficult to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+
+By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"? "Not
+what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom. To each is
+given a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune;
+to each, by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of
+Capability. But the hardest problem were ever this first: To find by
+study of yourself, and of the ground you stand on, what your combined
+inward and outward Capability specially is. For, alas, our young soul is
+all budding with Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and
+true one. Always too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions;
+his course can be the _fac-simile_ of no prior one, but is by its
+nature original. And then how seldom will the outward Capability fit
+the inward: though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended,
+dyspeptical, bashful; nay what is worse than all, we are foolish. Thus,
+in a whole imbroglio of Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to
+grope which is ours, and often clutch the wrong one: in this mad work
+must several years of our small term be spent, till the purblind Youth,
+by practice, acquire notions of distance, and become a seeing Man. Nay,
+many so spend their whole term, and in ever-new expectation, ever-new
+disappointment, shift from enterprise to enterprise, and from side to
+side: till at length, as exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten,
+they shift into their last enterprise, that of getting buried.
+
+"Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general
+fate; were it not that one thing saves us: our Hunger. For on this
+ground, as the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt
+choice be made: hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and
+Apprenticeships for our irrational young; whereby, in due season, the
+vague universality of a Man shall find himself ready-moulded into a
+specific Craftsman; and so thenceforth work, with much or with little
+waste of Capability as it may be; yet not with the worst waste, that of
+time. Nay even in matters spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is
+born blind, and does not, like certain other creatures, receive sight
+in nine days, but far later, sometimes never,--is it not well that there
+should be what we call Professions, or Bread-studies (_Brodzwecke_),
+preappointed us? Here, circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial
+or total blindness is no evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly
+round and round, still fancying that it is forward and forward; and
+realize much: for himself victual; for the world an additional horse's
+power in the grand corn-mill or hemp-mill of Economic Society. For
+me too had such a leading-string been provided; only that it proved a
+neck-halter, and had nigh throttled me, till I broke it off. Then, in
+the words of Ancient Pistol, did the world generally become mine oyster,
+which I, by strength or cunning, was to open, as I would and could.
+Almost had I deceased (_fast war ich umgekommen_), so obstinately did it
+continue shut."
+
+We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was
+to befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as
+it painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+details, through this Bag _Pisces_, and those that follow. A young man
+of high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled
+colt, "breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar
+manger, into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced
+in. Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden
+pasture: either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or,
+in mad exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer
+stone-walls, which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame
+him; till at last, after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by
+miracle, clears his way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover,
+yet into a certain bosky wilderness where existence is still possible,
+and Freedom, though waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness.
+In a word, Teufelsdrockh having thrown up his legal Profession, finds
+himself without landmark of outward guidance; whereby his previous
+want of decided Belief, or inward guidance, is frightfully aggravated.
+Necessity urges him on; Time will not stop, neither can he, a Son
+of Time; wild passions without solacement, wild faculties without
+employment, ever vex and agitate him. He too must enact that stern
+Monodrama, _No Object and no Rest_; must front its successive destinies,
+work through to its catastrophe, and deduce therefrom what moral he can.
+
+Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat
+nowise easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off.
+If we look at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital,
+as he emerges from its Nameless University, we can discern well that
+it was far from enviable. His first Law-Examination he has come through
+triumphantly; and can even boast that the _Examen Rigorosum_ need
+not have frightened him: but though he is hereby "an _Auscultator_ of
+respectability," what avails it? There is next to no employment to
+be had. Neither, for a youth without connections, is the process of
+Expectation very hopeful in itself; nor for one of his disposition
+much cheered from without. "My fellow Auscultators," he says, "were
+Auscultators: they dressed, and digested, and talked articulate words;
+other vitality showed they almost none. Small speculation in those eyes,
+that they did glare withal! Sense neither for the high nor for the
+deep, nor for aught human or divine, save only for the faintest scent of
+coming Preferment." In which words, indicating a total estrangement on
+the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not also lurk traces of a bitterness
+as from wounded vanity? Doubtless these prosaic Auscultators may have
+sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and tried to hate, and what was
+much more impossible, to despise him. Friendly communion, in any case,
+there could not be: already has the young Teufelsdrockh left the other
+young geese; and swims apart, though as yet uncertain whether he himself
+is cygnet or gosling.
+
+Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+unpleasantly. "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of;
+but is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only
+the deeper-seated? So shy a man can never have been popular. We figure
+to ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with
+his independence, and so forth: do not his own words betoken as much?
+"Like a very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not
+also with Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been
+appointed to struggle." Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined
+to patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up
+as "a man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+protests. "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved
+on it! But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing
+for a gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust
+nothing but the common copper."
+
+How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward
+without return, is not too clear from these Documents. Good old Gretchen
+seems to have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other
+Horn of Plenty, or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that
+"the prompt nature of Hunger being well known," we are not without our
+anxiety. From private Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences,
+the aid derivable is small; neither, to use his own words, "does the
+young Adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift; but at
+best earns bread-and-water wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.
+Nevertheless," continues he, "that I subsisted is clear, for you find me
+even now alive." Which fact, however, except upon the principle of our
+true-hearted, kind old Proverb, that "there is always life for a living
+one," we must profess ourselves unable to explain.
+
+Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the
+mark of Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way. Here also
+occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps
+throw light on his condition. The first has now no date, or writer's
+name, but a huge Blot; and runs to this effect: "The (_Inkblot_), tied
+down by previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the
+Herr Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees
+himself under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what
+were otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a
+man of genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting." The other
+is on gilt paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now
+dead, yet which once lived and beneficently worked. We give it in
+the original: "_Herr Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf
+Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN THEE schonstens eingeladen_."
+
+Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+quite fluid _AEsthetic Tea_! How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual hand-grips
+with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these Musical and
+Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited to a feast
+of chickenweed, we can only conjecture. Perhaps in expressive silence,
+and abstinence: otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast at all,
+it cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens. For the rest,
+as this Frau Grafinn dates from the _Zahdarm House_, she can be no
+other than the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual
+tendencies, and good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of
+Herr Towgood, or on his own footing, are hereby manifest. That some
+sort of relation, indeed, continued, for a time, to connect our
+Autobiographer, though perhaps feebly enough, with this noble House, we
+have elsewhere express evidence. Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it
+was in vain; enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses
+of the great world, from which we at one time fancied him to have been
+always excluded. "The Zahdarms," says he, "lived in the soft, sumptuous
+garniture of Aristocracy; whereto Literature and Art, attracted and
+attached from without, were to serve as the handsomest fringing. It was
+to the _Gnadigen Frau_ (her Ladyship) that this latter improvement was
+due: assiduously she gathered, dexterously she fitted on, what fringing
+was to be had; lace or cobweb, as the place yielded." Was Teufelsdrockh
+also a fringe, of lace or cobweb; or promising to be such? "With his
+_Excellenz_ (the Count)," continues he, "I have more than once had the
+honor to converse; chiefly on general affairs, and the aspect of the
+world, which he, though now past middle life, viewed in no unfavorable
+light; finding indeed, except the Outrooting of Journalism (_die
+auszurottende Journalistik_), little to desiderate therein. On some
+points, as his _Excellenz_ was not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant
+to keep silence. Besides, his occupation being that of Owning Land,
+there might be faculties enough, which, as superfluous for such use,
+were little developed in him."
+
+That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless,
+and many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+improvements, we can readily conjecture. With nothing but a barren
+Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes
+from within, his position was no easy one. "The Universe," he says, "was
+as a mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede,
+or be devoured. In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in
+the blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought,
+unfolding itself. A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew
+not the solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only
+from discords set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as
+victory is only possible by battle."
+
+"I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by
+not unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human
+happiness, could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under
+barrels, or rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their
+lawful studies and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the
+age of twenty-five. With which suggestion, at least as considered in the
+light of a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (_Madchen_)
+are, to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+gentlemen (_Bubchen_) do then attain their maximum of detestability.
+Such gawks (_Gecken_) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with such
+a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward. No mortal's
+endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+infinitely better, were it worthy of him. Life everywhere is the most
+manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three: multiply
+your second and third term together, divide the product by the first,
+and your quotient will be the answer,--which you are but an ass if you
+cannot come at. The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that,
+do what one will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal
+repeater, and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+
+In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful,
+yet still afflictive derangement of head? Alas, on the former side
+alone, his case was hard enough. "It continues ever true," says
+he, "that Saturn, or Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his
+Children: only by incessant Running, by incessant Working, may you (for
+some threescore-and-ten years) escape him; and you too he devours at
+last. Can any Sovereign, or Holy Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time
+stand still; even in thought, shake themselves free of Time? Our whole
+terrestrial being is based on Time, and built of Time; it is wholly a
+Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author of it, the material of
+it. Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to work,--in the right
+direction. Are not our Bodies and our Souls in continual movement,
+whether we will or not; in a continual Waste, requiring a continual
+Repair? Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and inward Wants were
+but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we have done,
+is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do anew. O
+Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk us so
+deep in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments
+can so much as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us!
+Me, however, as a Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time
+threatening to eat quite prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was
+no good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet."
+That is to say, we presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world,
+that Teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to
+work,--in the right direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby
+he became wretched enough. As was natural: with haggard Scarcity
+threatening him in the distance; and so vehement a soul languishing
+in restless inaction, and forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by
+rust,
+
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+
+But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may
+we not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor
+and perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy
+itself? Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too
+defensive; not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack.
+"So far hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was
+notable, if for anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as
+my friends often rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor
+of my feelings. I, in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love
+and of fear. The mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that
+has a sense for the Godlike. Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed,
+and by half-strangers hated, for my so-called Hardness (_Harte_), my
+Indifferentism towards men; and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted,
+as my favorite dialect in conversation. Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was
+but as a buckram case, wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so
+my own poor Person might live safe there, and in all friendliness, being
+no longer exasperated by wounds. Sarcasm I now see to be, in general,
+the language of the Devil; for which reason I have long since as good
+as renounced it. But how many individuals did I, in those days, provoke
+into some degree of hostility thereby! An ironic man, with his sly
+stillness, and ambuscading ways, more especially an ironic young man,
+from whom it is least expected, may be viewed as a pest to society. Have
+we not seen persons of weight and name coming forward, with gentlest
+indifference, to tread such a one out of sight, as an insignificancy and
+worm, start ceiling-high (_balkenhock_), and thence fall shattered and
+supine, to be borne home on shutters, not without indignation, when he
+proved electric and a torpedo!"
+
+Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for
+himself in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too
+admits, is "to unite yourself with some one, and with somewhat (_sich
+anzuschliessen_)"? Division, not union, is written on most part of his
+procedure. Let us add too that, in no great length of time, the only
+important connection he had ever succeeded in forming, his connection
+with the Zahdarm Family, seems to have been paralyzed, for all practical
+uses, by the death of the "not uncholeric" old Count. This fact stands
+recorded, quite incidentally, in a certain _Discourse on Epitaphs_,
+huddled into the present Bag, among so much else; of which Essay the
+learning and curious penetration are more to be approved of than the
+spirit. His grand principle is, that lapidary inscriptions, of what sort
+soever, should be Historical rather than Lyrical. "By request of that
+worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I undertook to compose his
+Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules, produced the following;
+which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity, a defect never yet
+fully visible to myself, still remains unengraven;"--wherein, we may
+predict, there is more than the Latinity that will surprise an English
+reader:
+
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [_sub dato_]; POSTREMUM [_sub dato_].
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. ROMANCE.
+
+"For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this
+Egypt of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without
+stubble, before ever the question once struck him with entire force:
+For what?--_Beym Himmel_! For Food and Warmth! And are Food and Warmth
+nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?--Come of it what
+might, I resolved to try."
+
+Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though
+perhaps far from an improved one. Teufelsdrockh is now a man without
+Profession. Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers,
+where indeed his leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he
+desperately steers off, on a course of his own, by sextant and compass
+of his own. Unhappy Teufelsdrockh! Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic,
+nor Commodores pleased thee, still was it not _a Fleet_, sailing in
+prescribed track, for fixed objects; above all, in combination, wherein,
+by mutual guidance, by all manner of loans and borrowings, each could
+manifoldly aid the other? How wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for
+thyself find that shorter Northwest Passage to thy fair Spice-country
+of a Nowhere?--A solitary rover, on such a voyage, with such nautical
+tactics, will meet with adventures. Nay, as we forthwith discover, a
+certain Calypso-Island detains him at the very outset; and as it were
+falsifies and oversets his whole reckoning.
+
+"If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling,
+and everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young
+Man does this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the
+Young Maiden. Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it
+has been so appointed. On the whole, as I have often said, a
+Person (_Personlichkeit_) is ever holy to us; a certain orthodox
+Anthropomorphism connects my _Me_ with all _Thees_ in bonds of Love: but
+it is in this approximation of the Like and Unlike, that such heavenly
+attraction, as between Negative and Positive, first burns out into a
+flame. Is the pitifullest mortal Person, think you, indifferent to us?
+Is it not rather our heartfelt wish to be made one with him; to unite
+him to us, by gratitude, by admiration, even by fear; or failing all
+these, unite ourselves to him? But how much more, in this case of the
+Like-Unlike! Here is conceded us the higher mystic possibility of such
+a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the conducting medium of
+Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the universal Spiritual
+Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman, we first
+emphatically denominate LOVE.
+
+"In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already
+blooms a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor,
+in the stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a
+Tree of Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting.
+Perhaps too the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming
+Sword divide it from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the
+imaginative stripling, only the view, not the entrance. Happy season of
+virtuous youth, when shame is still an impassable celestial barrier; and
+the sacred air-cities of Hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets
+of Reality; and man, by his nature, is yet infinite and free!
+
+"As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+unspeakable. A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+women were holy, were heavenly. As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on
+the outskirts of _AEsthetic Tea_: all of air they were, all Soul and
+Form; so lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the
+invisible Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven. That
+he, our poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls
+(_Holden_)--_Ach Gott_! how could he hope it; should he not have died
+under it? There was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+
+"Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as
+the vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of
+true Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he
+went; and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet
+it was by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them. But
+now, if on a soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated
+into tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind
+eyes, saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle
+him,--good Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming
+fire were probably kindled!"
+
+Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+indeed how could it fail? A nature, which, in his own figurative style,
+we might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability;
+with so much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the
+whole lying in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace
+of Fantasy:" have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready,
+on occasion of the smallest spark, to blaze up? Neither, in this our
+Life-element, are sparks anywhere wanting. Without doubt, some Angel,
+whereof so many hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts
+of _AEsthetic Tea_," flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance,
+kindle no despicable firework. Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework,
+and flamed off rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor,
+each growing naturally from the other, through the several stages of a
+happy Youthful Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young
+soul relieved with little damage! Happy, if it did not rather prove a
+Conflagration and mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself;
+nay perhaps bursting the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best,
+bursting the thin walls of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage
+thenceforth all unchecked among the contiguous combustibles (which
+were Madness): till of the so fair and manifold internal world of our
+Diogenes, there remained Nothing, or only the "crater of an extinct
+volcano"!
+
+From multifarious Documents in this Bag _Capricornus_, and in the
+adjacent ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our
+philosopher, as stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and
+even frantically in Love: here therefore may our old doubts whether his
+heart were of stone or of flesh give way. He loved once; not wisely
+but too well. And once only: for as your Congreve needs a new case or
+wrappage for every new rocket, so each human heart can properly exhibit
+but one Love, if even one; the "First Love which is infinite" can be
+followed by no second like unto it. In more recent years, accordingly,
+the Editor of these Sheets was led to regard Teufelsdrockh as a man
+not only who would never wed, but who would never even flirt; whom the
+grand-climacteric itself, and _St. Martin's Summer_ of incipient Dotage,
+would crown with no new myrtle-garland. To the Professor, women are
+henceforth Pieces of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed, which celestial
+pieces he glories to survey in galleries, but has lost thought of
+purchasing.
+
+Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh
+in this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what
+specialties of successive configuration, splendor and color, his
+Firework blazes off. Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can
+meet with here. From amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy,
+with their mad Petrarchan and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among
+all sorts of quite extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name
+can be deciphered. For, without doubt, the title _Blumine_, whereby she
+is here designated, and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be
+fictitious. Was her real name Flora, then? But what was her surname,
+or had she none? Of what station in Life was she; of what parentage,
+fortune, aspect? Specially, by what Pre-established Harmony of
+occurrences did the Lover and the Loved meet one another in so wide a
+world; how did they behave in such meeting? To all which questions, not
+unessential in a Biographic work, mere Conjecture must for most part
+return answer. "It was appointed," says our Philosopher, "that the high
+celestial orbit of Blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our
+Forlorn; that he, looking in her empyrean eyes, should fancy the upper
+Sphere of Light was come down into this nether sphere of Shadows; and
+finding himself mistaken, make noise enough."
+
+We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some
+one's Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+relatives. But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle? Was it by the
+humid vehicle of _AEsthetic Tea_, or by the arid one of mere Business?
+Was it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who, as
+an ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation,
+especially for young cynical Nondescripts? To all appearance, it was
+chiefly by Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+
+"Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever
+saw thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in
+his pocket the last _Relatio ex Actis_ he would ever write, but must
+have paused to wonder! Noble Mansion! There stoodest thou, in deep
+Mountain Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude;
+stately, massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams,
+like a palace of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal. Beautiful rose
+up, in wavy curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest
+was their sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted
+by some spreading solitary Tree and its shadow. To the unconscious
+Wayfarer thou wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste;
+where, for joy and woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written. Well
+might he pause and gaze; in that glance of his were prophecy and
+nameless forebodings."
+
+But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed
+in his _Relatio ex Actis_; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and
+so, instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home,
+is ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames
+and cavaliers: if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and
+pure voices making the stillness live." Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+"Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors
+of thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain
+peaks: so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy
+creatures: it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT
+in the bosom-vesture of Summer herself. How came it that the Wanderer
+advanced thither with such forecasting heart (_ahndungsvoll_), by the
+side of his gay host? Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard
+bosom ought to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try
+him; to mock him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+
+"Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+name to--Blumine! Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced Blumine,
+there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights. Noblest maiden!
+whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at, for
+the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+
+"Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices: from all which vague
+colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+naphtha-fire. Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet
+so stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and
+sunlight played over earnest deeps: but all this he had seen only as a
+magic vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality. Her sphere
+was too far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how
+should they so much as once meet together? And now that Rose-goddess
+sits in the same circle with him; the light of _her_ eyes has smiled on
+him; if he speak, she will hear it! Nay, who knows, since the heavenly
+Sun looks into lowest valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime
+noted the so unnotable; perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had
+from hers, gathered wonder, gathered favor for him? Was the attraction,
+the agitation mutual, then; pole and pole trembling towards contact,
+when once brought into neighborhood? Say rather, heart swelling in
+presence of the Queen of Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once
+near its Moon! With the Wanderer it was even so: as in heavenward
+gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of a Seraph's wand, his whole soul
+is roused from its deepest recesses; and all that was painful and that
+was blissful there, dim images, vague feelings of a whole Past and a
+whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies within him.
+
+"Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk
+forcibly together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of
+what sort soever, in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming
+Stolidity. How was it, then, that here, when trembling to the core of
+his heart, he did not sink into swoons, but rose into strength, into
+fearlessness and clearness? It was his guiding Genius (_Damon_) that
+inspired him; he must go forth and meet his Destiny. Show thyself now,
+whispered it, or be forever hid. Thus sometimes it is even when your
+anxiety becomes transcendental, that the soul first feels herself able
+to transcend it; that she rises above it, in fiery victory; and borne on
+new-found wings of victory, moves so calmly, even because so rapidly,
+so irresistibly. Always must the Wanderer remember, with a certain
+satisfaction and surprise, how in this case he sat not silent but struck
+adroitly into the stream of conversation; which thenceforth, to speak
+with an apparent not a real vanity, he may say that he continued to
+lead. Surely, in those hours, a certain inspiration was imparted him,
+such inspiration as is still possible in our late era. The self-secluded
+unfolds himself in noble thoughts, in free, glowing words; his soul is
+as one sea of light, the peculiar home of Truth and Intellect; wherein
+also Fantasy bodies forth form after form, radiant with all prismatic
+hues."
+
+It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+"Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+pouring forth Philistinism (_Philistriositaten_.); little witting what
+hero was here entering to demolish him! We omit the series of Socratic,
+or rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby the
+monster, "persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn
+for the night. "Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the
+discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most: but what were all
+applauses to the glad smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh,
+wherewith Blumine herself repaid the victor? He ventured to address her
+she answered with attention: nay what if there were a slight tremor
+in that silver voice; what if the red glow of evening were hiding a
+transient blush!
+
+"The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+another: it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with
+full freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man. Gayly in light,
+graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for
+the burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which
+are indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the
+poor claims of _Me_ and _Thee_, no longer parted by rigid fences,
+now flowed softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious,
+many-tinted, like some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner
+of which were Love only. Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind
+environment of place and time. And yet as the light grew more aerial
+on the mountaintops, and the shadows fell longer over the valley, some
+faint tone of sadness may have breathed through the heart; and, in
+whispers more or less audible, reminded every one that as this bright
+day was drawing towards its close, so likewise must the Day of Man's
+Existence decline into dust and darkness; and with all its sick
+toilings, and joyful and mournful noises, sink in the still Eternity.
+
+"To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy: the
+words from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass;
+all better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us
+to be here. At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his: in the balmy
+twilight, with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting
+again, which was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small
+soft fingers, and it seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily
+withdrawn."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit: the
+Queen of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and
+there, by art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound
+and spell-bound thee. "Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he
+elsewhere; "yet has it many points in common therewith. I call it rather
+a discerning of the Infinite in the Finite, of the Idea made Real;
+which discerning again may be either true or false, either seraphic or
+demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity. But in the former case too, as in
+common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds itself to sight; on the so
+petty domain of the Actual plants its Archimedes-lever, whereby to
+move at will the infinite Spiritual. Fantasy I might call the true
+Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man: his sensuous life is but the small
+temporary stage (_Zeitbuhne_), whereon thick-streaming influences
+from both these far yet near regions meet visibly, and act tragedy and
+melodrama. Sense can support herself handsomely, in most countries, for
+some eighteenpence a day; but for Fantasy planets and solar-systems will
+not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus conquering the world, yet drinking no
+better red wine than he had before." Alas! witness also your Diogenes,
+flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven, and verging towards Insanity, for
+prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if the Earth held but one and not
+several of these!
+
+He says that, in Town, they met again: "day after day, like his heart's
+sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him. Ah! a little while ago, and he
+was yet in all darkness: him what Graceful (_Holde_) would ever love?
+Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe
+in himself. Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses;
+solitary from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself,
+with a sad indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of
+existence. And now, O now! 'She looks on thee,' cried he: 'she the
+fairest, noblest; do not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised?
+The Heaven's-Messenger! All Heaven's blessings be hers!' Thus did
+soft melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude;
+sweetest intimations that he also was a man, that for him also
+unutterable joys had been provided.
+
+"In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears,
+and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music: such was the
+element they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by
+this fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and
+the new Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him. Fairest Blumine! And, even
+as a Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate! Was
+there so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with? Was
+she not to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring
+with it airs from Heaven? As from AEolian Harps in the breath of
+dawn, as from the Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora,
+unearthly music was around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest.
+Pale Doubt fled away to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and
+hope. The past, then, was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden
+of Eden, then, and could not discern it! But lo now! the black walls
+of his prison melt away; the captive is alive, is free. If he loved his
+Disenchantress? _Ach Gott_! His whole heart and soul and life were hers,
+but never had he named it Love: existence was all a Feeling, not yet
+shaped into a Thought."
+
+Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can
+abide by Feeling alone. The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in
+her soft, fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest
+of Necessity, to cut asunder these so blissful bonds." He even appears
+surprised at the "Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose
+meagre hunger-bitten philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from
+the first, faintly approved of." We, even at such distance, can explain
+it without necromancy. Let the Philosopher answer this one question:
+What figure, at that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in
+polished society? Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig,
+or even a simple iron-spring one? Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator,"
+before whom lies no prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion
+of young hearts" keep the human kitchen warm? Pshaw! thy divine Blumine,
+when she "resigned herself to wed some richer," shows more philosophy,
+though but "a woman of genius," than thou, a pretended man.
+
+Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+royal splendor it waxes, and rises. Let no one ask us to unfold the
+glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+instantaneous dissolution. How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+delineation be organized? Besides, of what profit were it? We view, with
+a lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and
+shoot upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous
+star: but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural
+elasticity, or accident of fire, it has exploded? A hapless
+air-navigator, plunging, amid torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused
+wreck, fast enough into the jaws of the Devil! Suffice it to know
+that Teufelsdrockh rose into the highest regions of the Empyrean, by a
+natural parabolic track, and returned thence in a quick perpendicular
+one. For the rest, let any feeling reader, who has been unhappy enough
+to do the like, paint it out for himself: considering only that if he,
+for his perhaps comparatively insignificant mistress, underwent such
+agonies and frenzies, what must Teufelsdrockh's have been, with a
+fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine! We glance merely at the final
+scene:--
+
+"One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the
+fair creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping. Alas,
+no longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that
+the Doomsday had dawned! She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to
+meet no more." The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to
+himself in this dread hour: but what avails it? We omit the passionate
+expostulations, entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not
+even an explanation was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe.
+"'Farewell, then, Madam!' said he, not without sternness, for his stung
+pride helped him. She put her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears
+started to her eyes; in wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom;
+their lips were joined, their two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into
+one,--for the first time and for the last!" Thus was Teufelsdrockh made
+immortal by a kiss. And then? Why, then--"thick curtains of Night rushed
+over his soul, as rose the immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the
+ruins as of a shivered Universe was he falling, falling, towards the
+Abyss."
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+
+We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must
+often be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex,
+intricate a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and
+emitting, such as the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on
+no grand occasion and convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the
+woe-storm could you predict his demeanor.
+
+To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the
+so passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe"
+in this extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can
+next do: Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or
+blow out his brains. In the progress towards any of which consummations,
+do not such readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating,
+brow-beating (against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like,
+stampings, smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+
+Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him. He quietly lifts his
+_Pilgerstab_ (Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and
+begins a perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe!
+Curious it is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such
+intensity of feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of
+Exaggeration in speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his,
+that stoicism in external procedure. Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in
+this matter of the Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and
+Dissolution of Nature, in which light doubtless it partly appeared
+to himself, his own nature is nowise dissolved thereby; but rather
+is compressed closer. For once, as we might say, a Blumine by magic
+appliances has unlocked that shut heart of his, and its hidden things
+rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii enfranchised from their
+glass vial: but no sooner are your magic appliances withdrawn, than the
+strange casket of a heart springs to again; and perhaps there is now no
+key extant that will open it; for a Teufelsdrockh as we remarked,
+will not love a second time. Singular Diogenes! No sooner has that
+heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place, than he affects to regard
+it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing more to be said. "One
+highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an Angel, had recalled
+him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life: but a gleam of Tophet
+passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in whirlwinds, and
+heard the laughter of Demons. It was a Calenture," adds he, "whereby
+the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste Ocean-waters: a lying
+vision, yet not wholly a lie, for _he_ saw it." But what things soever
+passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what ragings and despairings
+soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he has the goodness to
+conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence. We know it well; the
+first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his dismembered
+philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek, silent, or
+spoke of the weather and the Journals: only by a transient knitting of
+those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing one knew
+not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,--might you have guessed
+what a Gehenna was within: that a whole Satanic School were spouting,
+though inaudibly, there. To consume your own choler, as some chimneys
+consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting, if it
+must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one of
+the commonest in these times.
+
+Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange
+measure he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof
+indeed the actual condition of these Documents in _Capricornus_ and
+_Aquarius is_ no bad emblem. His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome
+enough, are without assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest
+seems his sole guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of
+the Prophet had fallen on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel."
+Doubtless, too, the chaotic nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our
+obscurity. Quite without note of preparation, for example, we come upon
+the following slip: "A peculiar feeling it is that will rise in the
+Traveller, when turning some hill-range in his desert road, he descries
+lying far below, embosomed among its groves and green natural bulwarks,
+and all diminished to a toy-box, the fair Town, where so many souls, as
+it were seen and yet unseen, are driving their multifarious traffic. Its
+white steeple is then truly a starward-pointing finger; the canopy
+of blue smoke seems like a sort of Lifebreath: for always, of its own
+unity, the soul gives unity to whatsoever it looks on with love; thus
+does the little Dwelling-place of men, in itself a congeries of houses
+and huts, become for us an individual, almost a person. But what
+thousand other thoughts unite thereto, if the place has to ourselves
+been the arena of joyous or mournful experiences; if perhaps the cradle
+we were rocked in still stands there, if our Loving ones still dwell
+there, if our Buried ones there slumber!" Does Teufelsdrockh as the
+wounded eagle is said to make for its own eyrie, and indeed military
+deserters, and all hunted outcast creatures, turn as if by instinct in
+the direction of their birthland,--fly first, in this extremity, towards
+his native Entepfuhl; but reflecting that there no help awaits him, take
+only one wistful look from the distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+
+Little happier seems to be his next flight: into the wilds of Nature; as
+if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing. So at least we incline
+to interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:--
+
+"Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+combined majesty and grace as here. The rocks are of that sort called
+Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in
+masses of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however,
+is here tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of
+environment: in a climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff,
+itself covered with lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage
+or verdure; and white, bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round
+the everlasting granite. In fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with
+Grandeur: you ride through stony hollows, along strait passes, traversed
+by torrents, overhung by high walls of rock; now winding amid broken
+shaggy chasms, and huge fragments; now suddenly emerging into some
+emerald valley, where the streamlet collects itself into a Lake, and
+man has again found a fair dwelling, and it seems as if Peace had
+established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+
+"To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time
+not pretend: still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing. Reasonably might
+the Wanderer exclaim to himself: Are not the gates of this world's
+happiness inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not
+mad? Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original
+Greek if that suit thee better: 'Whoso can look on Death will start at
+no shadows.'
+
+"From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for
+now the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain
+mass, the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on
+horseback. Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening
+sunset light; and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments
+there. An upland irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex
+branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every
+quarter of the sky. The mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and
+folded together: only the loftier summits look down here and there as on
+a second plain; lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude. No
+trace of man now visible; unless indeed it were he who fashioned
+that little visible link of Highway, here, as would seem, scaling the
+inaccessible, to unite Province with Province. But sunwards, lo you! how
+it towers sheer up, a world of Mountains, the diadem and centre of the
+mountain region! A hundred and a hundred savage peaks, in the last light
+of Day; all glowing, of gold and amethyst, like giant spirits of the
+wilderness; there in their silence, in their solitude, even as on the
+night when Noah's Deluge first dried! Beautiful, nay solemn, was the
+sudden aspect to our Wanderer. He gazed over those stupendous masses
+with wonder, almost with longing desire; never till this hour had he
+known Nature, that she was One, that she was his Mother and divine. And
+as the ruddy glow was fading into clearness in the sky, and the Sun had
+now departed, a murmur of Eternity and Immensity, of Death and of Life,
+stole through his soul; and he felt as if Death and Life were one, as if
+the Earth were not dead, as if the Spirit of the Earth had its throne in
+that splendor, and his own spirit were therewith holding communion.
+
+"The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels. Emerging from the
+hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+Barouche-and-four: it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+favors: that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their
+marriage evening! Few moments brought them near: _Du Himmel_! It was
+Herr Towgood and--Blumine! With slight unrecognizing salutation they
+passed me; plunged down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to
+Heaven, and to England; and I, in my friend Richter's words, _I remained
+alone, behind them, with the Night_."
+
+Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to
+insert an observation, gleaned long ago from the great _Clothes-Volume_,
+where it stands with quite other intent: "Some time before Small-pox
+was extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of
+the spiritual sort on Europe: I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of
+View-hunting. Poets of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also
+enjoyed external Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which
+holds good or bad liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with
+slight incidental commentary: never, as I compute, till after the
+_Sorrows of Werter_, was there man found who would say: Come let us make
+a Description! Having drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass! Of
+which endemic the Jenner is unhappily still to seek." Too true!
+
+We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings,
+so far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear
+insight, here first take their permanent character, fatuous or not. That
+Basilisk-glance of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up
+what little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him: Life has
+become wholly a dark labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend,
+flying from spectres, has to stumble about at random, and naturally with
+more haste than progress.
+
+Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which,
+were clear record possible, would fill volumes. Hopeless is the
+obscurity, unspeakable the confusion. He glides from country to country,
+from condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can
+calculate how or where. Through all quarters of the world he wanders,
+and apparently through all circles of society. If in any scene, perhaps
+difficult to fix geographically, he settles for a time, and forms
+connections, be sure he will snap them abruptly asunder. Let him sink
+out of sight as Private Scholar (_Privatsirender_), living by the grace
+of God in some European capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the
+neighborhood of Mecca. It is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious,
+quick-changing; as if our Traveller, instead of limbs and highways,
+had transported himself by some wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat. The
+whole, too, imparted emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that
+collection of Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct
+historical notice sparingly interspersed: little light-islets in the
+world of haze! So that, from this point, the Professor is more of an
+enigma than ever. In figurative language, we might say he becomes, not
+indeed a spirit, yet spiritualized, vaporized. Fact unparalleled in
+Biography: The river of his History, which we have traced from its
+tiniest fountains, and hoped to see flow onward, with increasing
+current, into the ocean, here dashes itself over that terrific Lover's
+Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract, flies wholly into tumultuous
+clouds of spray! Low down it indeed collects again into pools and
+plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with difficulty, if at all,
+into a general stream. To cast a glance into certain of those pools and
+plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a chapter or two, form
+the limit of our endeavor.
+
+For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can
+be met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs
+much, which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit.
+Teufelsdrockh vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest
+levels, comes into contact with public History itself. For example,
+those conversations and relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan
+Mahmoud, the Emperor Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather
+of a diplomatic character than of a biographic? The Editor, appreciating
+the sacredness of crowned heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible
+trickeries of a Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the
+present; a new time may bring new insight and a different duty.
+
+If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was
+none, yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of
+mind, the Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,--the
+answer is more distinct than favorable. "A nameless Unrest," says he,
+"urged me forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying
+solace. Whither should I go? My Loadstars were blotted out; in that
+canopy of grim fire shone no star. Yet forward must I; the ground burnt
+under me; there was no rest for the sole of my foot. I was alone, alone!
+Ever too the strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself: towards
+these, one after the other, must I fruitlessly wander. A feeling I
+had, that for my fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing
+Fountain. To many fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these
+days, did I pilgrim; to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events: but
+found there no healing. In strange countries, as in the well-known; in
+savage deserts, as in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever
+the same: how could your Wanderer escape from--_his own Shadow_?
+Nevertheless still Forward! I felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not
+what. From the depths of my own heart, it called to me, Forwards! The
+winds and the streams, and all Nature sounded to me, Forwards! _Ach
+Gott_, I was even, once for all, a Son of Time."
+
+From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+active enough? He says elsewhere: "The _Enchiridion of Epictetus_ I had
+ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to
+mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling." Thou foolish
+Teufelsdrockh How could it else? Hadst thou not Greek enough to
+understand thus much: _The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought_,
+though it were the noblest?
+
+"How I lived?" writes he once: "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds
+the sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man? While thou
+stirrest and livest, thou hast a probability of victual. My breakfast of
+tea has been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped
+her earthen kettle with a horse-tail. I have roasted wild eggs in
+the sand of Sahara; I have awakened in Paris _Estrapades_ and Vienna
+_Malzleins_, with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid. That
+I had my Living to seek saved me from Dying,--by suicide. In our
+busy Europe, is there not an everlasting demand for Intellect, in the
+chemical, mechanical, political, religious, educational, commercial
+departments? In Pagan countries, cannot one write Fetishes? Living!
+Little knowest thou what alchemy is in an inventive Soul; how, as with
+its little finger, it can create provision enough for the body (of a
+Philosopher); and then, as with both hands, create quite other than
+provision; namely, spectres to torment itself withal."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a
+whole Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+comparatively a friend's! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain,
+or of the modern Wandering Jew,--save only that he feels himself not
+guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt,--wend to and fro with
+aimless speed. Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by
+footprints), write his _Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh_; even as the great
+Goethe, in passionate words, had to write his _Sorrows of Werter_,
+before the spirit freed herself, and he could become a Man. Vain truly
+is the hope of your swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!
+Nevertheless, in these sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries
+himself (about the age of twenty) in a world such as ours, richer
+than usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown
+obsolete,--what can the fool think but that it is all a Den of Lies,
+wherein whoso will not speak Lies and act Lies, must stand idle and
+despair? Whereby it happens that, for your nobler minds, the publishing
+of some such Work of Art, in one or the other dialect, becomes almost
+a necessity. For what is it properly but an Altercation with the
+Devil, before you begin honestly Fighting him? Your Byron publishes
+his _Sorrows of Lord George_, in verse and in prose, and copiously
+otherwise: your Bonaparte represents his _Sorrows of Napoleon_ Opera,
+in an all-too stupendous style; with music of cannon-volleys,
+and murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights are the fires of
+Conflagration; his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of embattled
+Hosts and the sound of falling Cities.--Happier is he who, like our
+Clothes-Philosopher, can write such matter, since it must be written,
+on the insensible Earth, with his shoe-soles only; and also survive the
+writing thereof!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO.
+
+Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+progressive, and growing: for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+stand still? We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of
+crisis, of transition: his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution
+into aimless Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation;
+wherefrom the fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve
+itself?
+
+Such transitions are ever full of pain: thus the Eagle when he moults is
+sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one
+upon rocks. What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts
+and motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of
+anarchy and misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out: as,
+indeed, how could there be other? Have we not seen him disappointed,
+bemocked of Destiny, through long years? All that the young heart might
+desire and pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance,
+offered and then snatched away. Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of
+useful, reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger,
+nothing granted: till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must
+forcibly seize for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable.
+Alas, his cup of bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever
+since that first "ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at
+the very lip; and then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine
+business, it runs over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+
+He himself says once, with more justness than originality: "Men is,
+properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope." What, then, was
+our Professor's possession? We see him, for the present, quite shut out
+from Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round
+into a dim copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+
+Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of!
+For, as he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost
+all tidings of another and higher. Full of religion, or at least of
+religiosity, as our Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not
+that, in those days, he was wholly irreligious: "Doubt had darkened into
+Unbelief," says he; "shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till
+you have the fixed, starless, Tartarean black." To such readers as have
+reflected, what can be called reflecting, on man's life, and happily
+discovered, in contradiction to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy,
+speculative and practical, that Soul is not synonymous with Stomach;
+who understand, therefore, in our Friend's words, "that, for man's
+well-being, Faith is properly the one thing needful; how, with it,
+Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the shame and the cross;
+and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick existence, by suicide, in
+the midst of luxury:" to such it will be clear that, for a pure moral
+nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the loss of everything.
+Unhappy young man! All wounds, the crush of long-continued Destitution,
+the stab of false Friendship and of false Love, all wounds in thy so
+genial heart, would have healed again, had not its life-warmth been
+withdrawn. Well might he exclaim, in his wild way: "Is there no God,
+then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever since the first
+Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and _see_ing it go? Has the
+word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine Messenger and
+Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and Fear, of
+emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's Celestial-Bed?
+Happiness of an approving Conscience! Did not Paul of Tarsus, whom
+admiring men have since named Saint, feel that _he_ was 'the chief of
+sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (_wohlgemuth_), spend much
+of his time in fiddling? Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder, who in
+thy Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself, and
+wouldst fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,--I tell
+thee, Nay! To the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is ever
+the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of
+Virtue, that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of
+injustice. What then? Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some
+Passion; some bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others
+_profit_ by? I know not: only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness
+be our true aim, then are we all astray. With Stupidity and sound
+Digestion man may front much. But what, in these dull unimaginative
+days, are the terrors of Conscience to the diseases of the Liver! Not on
+Morality, but on Cookery, let us build our stronghold: there brandishing
+our frying-pan, as censer, let us offer sweet incense to the Devil, and
+live at ease on the fat things he has provided for his Elect!"
+
+Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done,
+shouting question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and
+receive no Answer but an Echo. It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair
+world of his; wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the
+shrieks of despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day,
+and no Pillar of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim. To such
+length has the spirit of Inquiry carried him. "But what boots it (_was
+thut's_)?" cries he: "it is but the common lot in this era. Not having
+come to spiritual majority prior to the _Siecle de Louis Quinze_, and
+not being born purely a Loghead (_Dummkopf_ ), thou hadst no other
+outlook. The whole world is, like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old
+Temples of the Godhead, which for long have not been rain-proof, crumble
+down; and men ask now: Where is the Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+
+Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our
+Diogenes wicked. Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era
+of his life was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant
+of God, than even now when doubting God's existence. "One circumstance I
+note," says he: "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for
+me, what it is not always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me! I
+nevertheless still loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance
+to her. 'Truth!' I cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following
+her: no Falsehood! though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of
+Apostasy.' In conduct it was the same. Had a divine Messenger from the
+clouds, or miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed
+to me _This thou shalt do_, with what passionate readiness, as I often
+thought, would I have done it, had it been leaping into the
+infernal Fire. Thus, in spite of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical
+Profit-and-Loss Philosophies, with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination
+they had brought on, was the Infinite nature of Duty still dimly present
+to me: living without God in the world, of God's light I was not utterly
+bereft; if my as yet sealed eyes, with their unspeakable longing,
+could nowhere see Him, nevertheless in my heart He was present, and His
+heaven-written Law still stood legible and sacred there."
+
+Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+"The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness
+(_Unkraft_); ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true
+misery. And yet of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling,
+save by what you have prospered in, by what you have done. Between
+vague wavering Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a
+difference! A certain inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly
+in us; which only our Works can render articulate and decisively
+discernible. Our Works are the mirror wherein the spirit first sees its
+natural lineaments. Hence, too, the folly of that impossible Precept,
+_Know thyself_; till it be translated into this partially possible one,
+_Know what thou canst work at_.
+
+"But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+Workings amounted as yet simply to--Nothing. How then could I believe in
+my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in? Ever did this
+agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain to
+me insoluble: Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even
+as the most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern
+times? Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could
+I believe? Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly
+belied? The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:
+neither in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but
+been everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out. A feeble
+unit in the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing
+given me but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness. Invisible yet
+impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living: was
+there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to
+mine? O Heaven, No, there was none! I kept a lock upon my lips: why
+should I speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends,
+in whose withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an
+incredible tradition? In such cases, your resource is to talk little,
+and that little mostly from the Newspapers. Now when I look back, it was
+a strange isolation I then lived in. The men and women around me, even
+speaking with me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that
+they were alive, that they were not merely automatic. In the midst of
+their crowded streets and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as
+it was my own heart, not another's, that I kept devouring) savage also,
+as the tiger in his jungle. Some comfort it would have been, could I,
+like a Faust, have fancied myself tempted and tormented of the Devil;
+for a Hell, as I imagine, without Life, though only diabolic Life, were
+more frightful: but in our age of Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very
+Devil has been pulled down, you cannot so much as believe in a Devil. To
+me the Universe was all void of Life, of Purpose, of Volition, even of
+Hostility: it was one huge, dead, immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling
+on, in its dead indifference, to grind me limb from limb. Oh, the
+vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill of Death! Why was the Living
+banished thither companionless, conscious? Why, if there is no Devil;
+nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+
+A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the
+worst aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh
+threaten to fail? We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in
+spite of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort.
+Hear this, for example: "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper!
+Quite another thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of
+your Intellect, as it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no
+pure ray can enter; a whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul
+drowning slowly in quagmires of Disgust!"
+
+Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not
+find in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+significance enough? "From Suicide a certain after-shine (_Nachschein_)
+of Christianity withheld me: perhaps also a certain indolence of
+character; for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?
+Often, however, was there a question present to me: Should some one now,
+at the turning of that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the
+other World, or other No-world, by pistol-shot,--how were it? On which
+ground, too, I have often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other
+death-scenes, exhibited an imperturbability, which passed, falsely
+enough, for courage."
+
+"So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in
+bitter protracted Death-agony, through long years. The heart within
+me, unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous,
+slow-consuming fire. Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear;
+or once only when I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song,
+that wild _Selig der den er im Siegesglanze findet_ (Happy whom _he_
+finds in Battle's splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even
+I was not forsaken, that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die.
+Having no hope, neither had I any definite fear, were it of Man or
+of Devil: nay, I often felt as if it might be solacing, could the
+Arch-Devil himself, though in Tartarean terrors, but rise to me, that I
+might tell him a little of my mind. And yet, strangely enough, I lived
+in a continual, indefinite, pining fear; tremulous, pusillanimous,
+apprehensive of I knew not what: it seemed as if all things in the
+Heavens above and the Earth beneath would hurt me; as if the Heavens
+and the Earth were but boundless jaws of a devouring monster, wherein I,
+palpitating, waited to be devoured.
+
+"Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+toiling along the dirty little _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, among
+civic rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot
+as Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little
+cheered; when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked
+myself: 'What _art_ thou afraid of? Wherefore, like a coward, dost
+thou forever pip and whimper, and go cowering and trembling? Despicable
+biped! what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee? Death?
+Well, Death; and say the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and
+Man may, will or can do against thee! Hast thou not a heart; canst thou
+not suffer whatsoever it be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast,
+trample Tophet itself under thy feet, while it consumes thee? Let it
+come, then; I will meet it and defy it!' And as I so thought, there
+rushed like a stream of fire over my whole soul; and I shook base Fear
+away from me forever. I was strong, of unknown strength; a spirit,
+almost a god. Ever from that time, the temper of my misery was changed:
+not Fear or whining Sorrow was it, but Indignation and grim fire-eyed
+Defiance.
+
+"Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (_das ewige Nein_) pealed authoritatively
+through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then was it that
+my whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with emphasis
+recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most important transaction in
+Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a psychological point
+of view, be fitly called. The Everlasting No had said: 'Behold, thou art
+fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the Devil's);' to which
+my whole Me now made answer: '_I_ am not thine, but Free, and forever
+hate thee!'
+
+"It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth,
+or Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a
+Man."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+
+Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer
+signifies that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation
+and Defiance," especially against things in general, are not the most
+peaceable inmates; yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no
+longer a quite hopeless Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed
+centre to revolve round. For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed
+and thunder-riven, here feels its own Freedom, which feeling is its
+Baphometic Baptism: the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus
+gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the
+remaining dominions, not indeed without hard battling, will doubtless
+by degrees be conquered and pacificated. Under another figure, we might
+say, if in that great moment, in the _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, the
+old inward Satanic School was not yet thrown out of doors, it received
+peremptory judicial notice to quit;--whereby, for the rest, its
+howl-chantings, Ernulphus-cursings, and rebellious gnashings of teeth,
+might, in the mean while, become only the more tumultuous, and difficult
+to keep secret.
+
+Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness. Not
+wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world;
+at worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a
+Spectre-queller. If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells,"
+and ever without quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little
+secular wells, whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered.
+In a word, he is now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own
+heart;" and clutches round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer
+food. Does not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural
+state?
+
+"Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look
+upon with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long
+vista, into the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of
+almost the earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before
+your eyes! There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire
+put down, say only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or
+less triumphantly, with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt,
+and still burns, and thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! and
+the far more mysterious live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down
+there; and still miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and
+ashes thereof (in these Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its
+bellows-engines (in these Churches), thou still seest; and its flame,
+looking out from every kind countenance, and every hateful one, still
+warms thee or scorches thee.
+
+"Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform,
+mystic, and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of
+Government, with the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions
+both of Cloth-habits and of Soul-habits; much more his collective
+stock of Handicrafts, the whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating
+Nature: all these things, as indispensable and priceless as they
+are, cannot in any way be fixed under lock and key, but must flit,
+spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from Father to Son; if you demand
+sight of them, they are nowhere to be met with. Visible Ploughmen and
+Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and Tubal-cain downwards:
+but where does your accumulated Agricultural, Metallurgic, and
+other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits itself on the
+atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by Vision); it is a
+thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In like manner, ask
+me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT? In vain wilt thou
+go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon; thou findest
+nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of Papers
+tied with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly devised almighty
+GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Everywhere, yet nowhere: seen
+only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible; or if you
+will, mystic and miraculous. So spiritual (_geistig_) is our whole daily
+Life: all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit, invisible Force;
+only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace, air-built, does the
+Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+
+"Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+may belong; and thirdly--Books. In which third truly, the last invented,
+lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous indeed
+is the virtue of a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones, yearly
+crumbling, yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but then
+a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it stands
+from year to year, and from age to age (we have Books that already
+number some hundred and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new
+produce of leaves (Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political
+Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every
+one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men.
+O thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two centuries
+or oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him whom they name
+City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or
+City-burner! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort,
+namely over the Devil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble
+and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and
+Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the Earth will
+pilgrim.--Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, in thy antiquarian
+fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of
+Sacchara? These stand there, as I can tell thee, idle and inert, looking
+over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three thousand years:
+but canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version
+thereof?"
+
+No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that
+here, for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date.
+Omitting much, let us impart what follows:--
+
+"Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+remaining not so much as buried. And those red mould heaps; ay, there
+lie the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been
+blown; and now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight,
+like blown Egg-shells!--Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down
+his mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and
+spread them out here into the softest, richest level,--intend thee, O
+Marchfeld, for a corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be
+nursed; or for a Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be
+throttled and tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from
+the ends of Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? Were thy Wagrams
+and Stillfrieds but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of
+Hapsburg might batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered?
+Konig Ottokar, amid yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon;
+here Kaiser Franz falls a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five
+centuries, to omit the others, how has thy breast, fair Plain, been
+defaced and defiled! The greensward is torn up and trampled down; man's
+fond care of it, his fruit-trees, hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings,
+blown away with gunpowder; and the kind seedfield lies a desolate,
+hideous Place of Skulls.--Nevertheless, Nature is at work; neither shall
+these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost devilry gainsay her: but all
+that gore and carnage will be shrouded in, absorbed into manure; and
+next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay greener. Thrifty unwearied
+Nature, ever out of our great waste educing some little profit of thy
+own,--how dost thou, from the very carcass of the Killer, bring Life for
+the Living!
+
+"What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and
+upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil,
+in the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls.
+From these, by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are
+successively selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied
+men; Dumdrudge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she
+has, not without difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even
+trained them to crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another
+hammer, and the weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois.
+Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all
+dressed in red; and shipped away, at the public charges, some two
+thousand miles, or say only to the south of Spain; and fed there till
+wanted. And now to that same spot, in the south of Spain, are thirty
+similar French artisans, from a French Dumdrudge, in like manner
+wending: till at length, after infinite effort, the two parties come
+into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting Thirty, each with
+a gun in his hand. Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is given; and they
+blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty brisk useful
+craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must bury, and
+anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the Devil
+is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously,
+by Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton!
+their Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another,
+had the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.--Alas, so is it
+in Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old,
+'what devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'--In that
+fiction of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War
+is perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies,
+in person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the
+same, and smoke in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in:
+but from such predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and
+contentious centuries, may still divide us!"
+
+Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his
+own sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note
+what is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of
+spiritual culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his
+life were richer than this. Internally, there is the most momentous
+instructive Course of Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going
+on; towards the right comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits,
+favorable to Meditation, might help him rather than hinder. Externally,
+again, as he wanders to and fro, there are, if for the longing heart
+little substance, yet for the seeing eye sights enough in these so
+boundless Travels of his, granting that the Satanic School was even
+partially kept down, what an incredible knowledge of our Planet, and
+its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to say, of all knowable things,
+might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+
+"I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying.
+Unknown Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory,
+the Air, by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics
+came, through the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how
+he seeks food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions,
+are ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of
+the terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself
+only.
+
+"Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lingered reflecting,
+and even composing (_dichtete_), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in
+that clear Lakelet moistened my bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees
+of Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of
+China I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and
+covered with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.--Great Events,
+also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated down (_ausgemergelt_) into
+Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World
+well lost; oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by
+each other) in one day. All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed
+together, and shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment
+there, and in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith
+convulsed Europe was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, could not
+escape me.
+
+"For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men
+are the inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF
+REVELATIONS, whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by
+some named HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men,
+and your innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic
+Commentaries, and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox,
+weekly Sermons. For my study, the inspired Texts themselves! Thus did
+not I, in very early days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand
+behind the field-chairs, under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena
+Highway; waiting upon the great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing
+what I have not forgotten. For--"
+
+--But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some
+time ago laid down, and must suppress much. Let not the sacredness of
+Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with. Should we,
+at a future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for
+Publication, then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious
+be conceded; which for the present were little better than treacherous,
+perhaps traitorous Eavesdroppings. Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope
+Pius, Emperor Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari)
+with their mysteries, no notice here! Of Napoleon himself we shall only,
+glancing from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to
+have been of very varied character. At first we find our poor
+Professor on the point of being shot as a spy; then taken into private
+conversation, even pinched on the ear, yet presented with no money;
+at last indignantly dismissed, almost thrown out of doors, as an
+"Ideologist." "He himself," says the Professor, "was among the
+completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists: in the Idea (_in der
+Idee_) he lived, moved and fought. The man was a Divine Missionary,
+though unconscious of it; and preached, through the cannon's throat,
+that great doctrine, _La carriere ouverte aux talens_ (The Tools to him
+that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political Evangel,
+wherein alone can liberty lie. Madly enough he preached, it is true, as
+Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect utterance,
+amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case admitted.
+Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to fell
+unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did
+not entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+boundless harvest, bless."
+
+More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance
+and emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North
+Cape, on that June Midnight. He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak"
+hanging round him, as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole
+upper-garment;" and stands there, on the World-promontory, looking
+over the infinite Brine, like a little blue Belfry (as we figure), now
+motionless indeed, yet ready, if stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+
+"Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the
+Arctic latitudes, has its character: nothing but the granite cliffs
+ruddy-tinged, the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean,
+over which in the utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if
+he too were slumbering. Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and
+cloth-of-gold; yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters,
+like a tremulous fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide
+itself under my feet. In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for
+who would speak, or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and
+Africa, fast asleep, except the watchmen; and before him the silent
+Immensity, and Palace of the Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a
+porch-lamp?
+
+"Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean
+Bear, hails me in Russian speech: most probably, therefore, a Russian
+Smuggler. With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to
+contraband trade, my humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private.
+In vain: the monster, counting doubtless on his superior stature,
+and minded to make sport for himself, or perhaps profit, were it with
+murder, continues to advance; ever assailing me with his importunate
+train-oil breath; and now has advanced, till we stand both on the verge
+of the rock, the deep Sea rippling greedily down below. What argument
+will avail? On the thick Hyperborean, cherubic reasoning, seraphic
+eloquence were lost. Prepared for such extremity, I, deftly enough,
+whisk aside one step; draw out, from my interior reservoirs, a
+sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be so obliging as retire,
+Friend (_Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund_), and with promptitude!' This
+logic even the Hyperborean understands: fast enough, with apologetic,
+petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for suicidal as well as
+homicidal purposes, need not return.
+
+"Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder: that it makes all men
+alike tall. Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more
+_Mind_, though all but no _Body_ whatever, then canst thou kill me
+first, and art the taller. Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless,
+and the David resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive
+Spiritualism is all.
+
+"With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas. Few things, in this
+so surprising world, strike me with more surprise. Two little visual
+Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of
+the UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,--make
+pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and,
+simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into
+Dissolution; and off-hand become Air, and Non-extant! Deuce on it
+(_verdammt_), the little spitfires!--Nay, I think with old Hugo von
+Trimberg: 'God must needs laugh outright, could such a thing be, to see
+his wondrous Manikins here below.'"
+
+But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality,
+which is our chief quest here: How prospered the inner man of
+Teufelsdrockh, under so much outward shifting! Does Legion still lurk
+in him, though repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood? We
+can answer that the symptoms continue promising. Experience is the
+grand spiritual Doctor; and with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a
+patient, swallowing many a bitter bolus. Unless our poor Friend belong
+to the numerous class of Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure
+will doubtless be effected. We should rather say that Legion, or the
+Satanic School, was now pretty well extirpated and cast out, but next
+to nothing introduced in its room; whereby the heart remains, for the
+while, in a quiet but no comfortable state.
+
+"At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I
+was what you might name calcined. Pray only that it be not rather, as is
+the more frequent issue, reduced to a _caput-mortuum_! But in any
+case, by mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.
+Wretchedness was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it,
+and despise it. Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not
+found a Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his
+brave garnitures, miserable enough? Thy wishes have all been sniffed
+aside, thought I: but what, had they even been all granted! Did not the
+Boy Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole
+Solar System; or after that, a whole Universe? _Ach Gott_, when I gazed
+into these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity, from
+their serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over the
+little lot of man! Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our
+own, have been swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them
+any more; and Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still
+shining in their courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first
+noted them in the plain of Shinar. Pshaw! what is this paltry little
+Dog-cage of an Earth; what art thou that sittest whining there? Thou art
+still Nothing, Nobody: true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody? For
+thee the Family of Man has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a
+dissevered limb: so be it; perhaps it is better so!"
+
+Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh! Yet surely his bands are loosening; one
+day he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with
+a second youth.
+
+"This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the
+Positive must necessarily pass."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+
+"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not
+all to be tried with such? Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us
+by birth, be dispossessed. Our Life is compassed round with Necessity;
+yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary
+Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially,
+a hard-fought battle. For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in
+Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic
+Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it
+be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible,
+acted Gospel of Freedom. And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and
+be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every
+nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better
+Influence can become the upper?
+
+"To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay
+must now be vanquished or vanquish,--should be carried of the spirit
+into grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle
+with him; defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly. Name
+it as we choose: with or without visible Devil, whether in the
+natural Desert of rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of
+selfishness and baseness,--to such Temptation are we all called. Unhappy
+if we are not! Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine
+handwriting has never blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor;
+but quivers dubiously amid meaner lights: or smoulders, in dull pain, in
+darkness, under earthly vapors!--Our Wilderness is the wide World in
+an Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and
+fasting: nevertheless, to these also comes an end. Yes, to me also was
+given, if not Victory, yet the consciousness of Battle, and the
+resolve to persevere therein while life or faculty is left. To me also,
+entangled in the enchanted forests, demon-peopled, doleful of sight and
+of sound, it was given, after weariest wanderings, to work out my way
+into the higher sunlit slopes--of that Mountain which has no summit, or
+whose summit is in Heaven only!"
+
+He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once
+for all, natural to him: "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient
+men (_tuchtigen Manner_) thou hast known in this generation? An outflush
+of foolish young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as
+many weeds as valuable herbs: this all parched away, under the Droughts
+of practical and spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and
+act, often-repeated gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled
+into Denial! If I have had a second-crop, and now see the perennial
+greensward, and sit under umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and
+Doubt); herein too, be the Heavens praised, I am not without examples,
+and even exemplars."
+
+So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious
+revolution:" these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of
+his were but some purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his
+apostolic work (such as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now
+happily over, and the Devil once more worsted! Was "that high moment in
+the _Rue de l'Enfer_," then, properly the turning-point of the battle;
+when the Fiend said, _Worship me, or be torn in shreds_; and was
+answered valiantly with an _Apage Satana_?--Singular Teufelsdrockh,
+would thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words! But it is
+fruitless to look there, in those Paper-bags, for such. Nothing but
+innuendoes, figurative crotchets: a typical Shadow, fitfully wavering,
+prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture. "How paint to the sensual
+eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies of Man's Soul;
+in what words, known to these profane times, speak even afar-off of the
+unspeakable?" We ask in turn: Why perplex these times, profane as
+they are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by commission? Not
+mystical only is our Professor, but whimsical; and involves himself, now
+more than ever, in eye-bewildering _chiaroscuro_. Successive glimpses,
+here faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must endeavor to
+combine for their own behoof.
+
+He says: "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in
+my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was
+as if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce
+utterly, and say: Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no
+more, I will believe you no more. And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear,
+I care not for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here:
+for I am way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to
+die: to die or to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."--And again:
+"Here, then, as I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by
+benignant upper Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled
+gradually away, and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth. The first
+preliminary moral Act, Annihilation of Self (_Selbst-todtung_), had
+been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its
+hands ungyved."
+
+Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+already taking wholesome effect on him? If it were not that the tone,
+in some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest
+Dualism: light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the
+fore-court, while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe
+and wail. We transcribe the piece entire.
+
+"Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and
+meditating; on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me,
+as roof, the azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing
+curtains,--namely, of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes
+also I have seen gilding. And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood
+sheltered in these Mountain hollows; with their green flower-lawns,
+and white dames and damosels, lovely enough: or better still, the
+straw-roofed Cottages, wherein stood many a Mother baking bread, with
+her children round her:--all hidden and protectingly folded up in the
+valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as if I beheld them. Or to
+see, as well as fancy, the nine Towns and Villages, that lay round my
+mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were wont to speak to me (by
+their steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in almost all weather,
+proclaimed their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds; whereon, as on a
+culinary horologe, I might read the hour of the day. For it was the
+smoke of cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday, eventide, were
+boiling their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose up into the
+air, successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine, saying, as
+plainly as smoke could say: Such and such a meal is getting ready
+here. Not uninteresting! For you have the whole Borough, with all its
+love-makings and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as
+in miniature, and could cover it all with your hat.--If, in my wide
+Way-farings, I had learned to look into the business of the World in
+its details, here perhaps was the place for combining it into general
+propositions, and deducing inferences therefrom.
+
+"Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+Distance: round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad
+witch's hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear
+sunbeam, your Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor
+had held snow. How thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great
+fermenting-vat and laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O
+Nature!--Or what is Nature? Ha! why do I not name thee GOD? Art not thou
+the 'Living Garment of God'? O Heavens, is it, in very deed, HE, then,
+that ever speaks through thee; that lives and loves in thee, that lives
+and loves in me?
+
+"Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than
+Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice
+to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults;
+like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated
+heart, came that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a
+charnel-house with spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+
+"With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman: with an
+infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou
+not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou
+bear the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary,
+so heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, my
+Brother, why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears
+from thy eyes!--Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this
+solitude, with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening
+discord, but a melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a
+dumb creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth,
+with her poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man,
+with his so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to
+me; and even for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him
+Brother. Thus was I standing in the porch of that '_Sanctuary of
+Sorrow_;' by strange, steep ways had I too been guided thither; and ere
+long its sacred gates would open, and the '_Divine Depth of Sorrow_' lie
+disclosed to me."
+
+The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free. "A
+vain interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present
+called Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since
+the beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from
+idle Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to. The
+most, in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+indispensable. In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in
+different terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become
+obsolete, and is found unserviceable. For it is man's nature to change
+his Dialect from century to century; he cannot help it though he would.
+The authentic _Church-Catechism_ of our present century has not yet
+fallen into my hands: meanwhile, for my own private behoof I attempt to
+elucidate the matter so. Man's Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his
+Greatness; it is because there is an Infinite in him, which with all his
+cunning he cannot quite bury under the Finite. Will the whole Finance
+Ministers and Upholsterers and Confectioners of modern Europe undertake,
+in joint-stock company, to make one Shoeblack HAPPY? They cannot
+accomplish it, above an hour or two: for the Shoeblack also has a Soul
+quite other than his Stomach; and would require, if you consider it,
+for his permanent satisfaction and saturation, simply this allotment,
+no more, and no less: _God's infinite Universe altogether to himself_,
+therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill every wish as fast as it rose.
+Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of Ophiuchus: speak not of
+them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as nothing. No sooner is
+your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might have been of better
+vintage. Try him with half of a Universe, of an Omnipotence, he sets to
+quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half, and declares himself
+the most maltreated of men.--Always there is a black spot in our
+sunshine: it is even, as I said, the _Shadow of Ourselves_.
+
+"But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus. By certain
+valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+indefeasible right. It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such _overplus_ as there may
+be do we account Happiness; any _deficit_ again is Misery. Now consider
+that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what a fund
+of Self-conceit there is in each of us,--do you wonder that the balance
+should so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry: See
+there, what a payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!--I tell thee,
+Blockhead, it all comes of thy Vanity; of what thou _fanciest_ those
+same deserts of thine to be. Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged (as
+is most likely), thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot: fancy that
+thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to die
+in hemp.
+
+"So true is it, what I then said, that _the Fraction of Life can be
+increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by
+lessening your Denominator_. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, _Unity_
+itself divided by _Zero_ will give _Infinity_. Make thy claim of wages
+a zero, then; thou hast the world under thy feet. Well did the Wisest
+of our time write: 'It is only with Renunciation (_Entsagen_) that Life,
+properly speaking, can be said to begin.'
+
+"I asked myself: What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account
+of? Say it in a word: is it not because thou art not HAPPY? Because
+the THOU (sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished,
+soft-bedded, and lovingly cared for? Foolish soul! What Act of
+Legislature was there that _thou_ shouldst be Happy? A little while
+ago thou hadst no right to _be_ at all. What if thou wert born and
+predestined not to be Happy, but to be Unhappy! Art thou nothing other
+than a Vulture, then, that fliest through the Universe seeking after
+somewhat to _eat_; and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not
+given thee? Close thy _Byron_; open thy _Goethe_."
+
+"_Es leuchtet mir ein_, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:
+"there is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness: he can do without
+Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness! Was it not to preach
+forth this same HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest,
+in all times, have spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life
+and through death, of the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike
+only has he Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou
+also honored to be taught; O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful
+Afflictions, even till thou become contrite and learn it! Oh, thank thy
+Destiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need
+of them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant
+fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease,
+and triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
+engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure;
+love God. This is the EVERLASTING YEA, wherein all contradiction is
+solved: wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him."
+
+And again: "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee: thou canst love
+the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for
+this a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent. Knowest thou
+that '_Worship of Sorrow_'? The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen
+centuries ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation
+of doleful creatures: nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt,
+arched out of falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and
+its sacred Lamp perennially burning."
+
+Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor
+will only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more
+questionable character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay
+wherein he himself does not see his way. Nebulous disquisitions
+on Religion, yet not without bursts of splendor; on the "perennial
+continuance of Inspiration;" on Prophecy; that there are "true Priests,
+as well as Baal-Priests, in our own day:" with more of the like sort. We
+select some fractions, by way of finish to this farrago.
+
+"Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+Professor: "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+finished. Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+considerable or otherwise: That the Mythus of the Christian Religion
+looks not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth. Alas,
+were thy six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other
+quartos and folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since
+on the same subject, all needed to convince us of so little! But what
+next? Wilt thou help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in
+a new Mythus, in a new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise
+too like perishing, may live? What! thou hast no faculty in that kind?
+Only a torch for burning, no hammer for building? Take our thanks, then,
+and--thyself away.
+
+"Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me? Or is the God present,
+felt in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out
+of me; or dispute into me? To the '_Worship of Sorrow_' ascribe what
+origin and genesis thou pleasest, _has_ not that Worship originated,
+and been generated; is it not _here_? Feel it in thy heart, and then say
+whether it is of God! This is Belief; all else is Opinion,--for which
+latter whoso will, let him worry and be worried."
+
+"Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like: try rather to get
+a little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself. One BIBLE I
+know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible;
+nay with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it: thereof all other
+Bibles are but Leaves,--say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker
+faculty."
+
+Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him
+take the following perhaps more intelligible passage:--
+
+"To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable. Hast
+thou in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think
+well what the meaning thereof is. If thou gauge it to the bottom, it
+is simply this: 'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of
+Happiness in the world, something from my share: which, by the Heavens,
+thou shalt not; nay I will fight thee rather.'--Alas, and the whole lot
+to be divided is such a beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for
+the substance has been spilled out: not enough to quench one Appetite;
+and the collective human species clutching at them!--Can we not, in all
+such cases, rather say: 'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take
+that pitiful additional fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but
+which thou so wantest; take it with a blessing: would to Heaven I had
+enough for thee!'--If Fichte's _Wissenschaftslehre_ be, 'to a certain
+extent, Applied Christianity,' surely to a still greater extent, so is
+this. We have here not a Whole Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the
+Passive half: could we but do it, as we can demonstrate it!
+
+"But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till
+it convert itself into Conduct. Nay properly Conviction is not possible
+till then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a
+vortex amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience
+does it find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a
+system. Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any
+sort cannot be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let
+him who gropes painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays
+vehemently that the dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well
+to heart, which to me was of invaluable service: '_Do the Duty which
+lies nearest thee_,' which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty
+will already have become clearer.
+
+"May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+even this: When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario
+in _Wilhelm Meister_, that your 'America is here or nowhere'? The
+Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by
+man. Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual,
+wherein thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it
+out therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free. Fool! the Ideal is
+in thyself, the impediment too is in thyself: thy Condition is but the
+stuff thou art to shape that same Ideal out of: what matters whether
+such stuff be of this sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic,
+be poetic? O thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and
+criest bitterly to the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create,
+know this of a truth: the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here
+or nowhere,' couldst thou only see!
+
+"But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature: the beginning of
+Creation is--Light. Till the eye have vision, the whole members are in
+bonds. Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over
+the wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken: Let there be Light! Ever to
+the greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest
+and least. The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled
+conflicting elements bind themselves into separate Firmaments: deep
+silent rock-foundations are built beneath; and the skyey vault with its
+everlasting Luminaries above: instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have
+a blooming, fertile, heaven-encompassed World.
+
+"I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World,
+or even Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest
+infinitesimal fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name! 'Tis the
+utmost thou hast in thee: out with it, then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy
+hand findeth to do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called
+To-day; for the Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. PAUSE.
+
+Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and
+almost Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself
+seems to consider as Conversion. "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice
+rather that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in
+our modern Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients. The Old World
+knew nothing of Conversion; instead of an _Ecce Homo_, they had only
+some _Choice of Hercules_. It was a new-attained progress in the Moral
+Development of man: hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of
+the most Limited; what to Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates
+a chimera, is now clear and certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys,
+and the poorest of their Pietists and Methodists."
+
+It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh
+commences: we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with
+the spirit and clear aims of a Man. He has discovered that the Ideal
+Workshop he so panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished
+Workshop he has so long been stumbling in. He can say to himself:
+"Tools? Thou hast no Tools? Why, there is not a Man, or a Thing, now
+alive but has tools. The basest of created animalcules, the Spider
+itself, has a spinning-jenny, and warping-mill, and power-loom within
+its head: the stupidest of Oysters has a Papin's-Digester, with
+stone-and-lime house to hold it in: every being that can live can do
+something: this let him _do_.--Tools? Hast thou not a Brain, furnished,
+furnishable with some glimmerings of Light; and three fingers to hold a
+Pen withal? Never since Aaron's Rod went out of practice, or even before
+it, was there such a wonder-working Tool: greater than all recorded
+miracles have been performed by Pens. For strangely in this so
+solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in continual restless flux,
+it is appointed that _Sound_, to appearance the most fleeting, should
+be the most continuing of all things. The WORD is well said to be
+omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can create as by a
+_Fiat_. Awake, arise! Speak forth what is in thee; what God has given
+thee, what the Devil shall not take away. Higher task than that of
+Priesthood was allotted to no man: wert thou but the meanest in that
+sacred Hierarchy, is it not honor enough therein to spend and be spent?
+
+"By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden. Writings
+of mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps
+not altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my
+unseen sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there. I thank the Heavens
+that I have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible
+result, I am minded diligently to persevere.
+
+"Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant
+Device, now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like
+a grain of right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now
+stretching out strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the
+air to lodge in,--may have been properly my doing? Some one's doing, it
+without doubt was; from some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of
+all take beginning: why not from some Idea in mine?" Does Teufelsdrockh,
+here glance at that "SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY
+(_Eigenthums-conservirende Gesellschaft_)," of which so many ambiguous
+notices glide spectra-like through these inexpressible Paper-bags? "An
+Institution," hints he, "not unsuitable to the wants of the time; as
+indeed such sudden extension proves: for already can the Society number,
+among its office-bearers or corresponding members, the highest Names, if
+not the highest Persons, in Germany, England, France; and contributions,
+both of money and of meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if
+possible, enlist the remaining Integrity of the world, and, defensively
+and with forethought, marshal it round this Palladium." Does
+Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give himself out as the originator of
+that so notable _Eigenthums-conservirende_ ("Owndom-conserving")
+_Gesellschaft_; and if so, what, in the Devil's name, is it? He again
+hints: "At a time when the divine Commandment, _Thou shalt not steal_,
+wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the whole Hebrew
+Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions, Justinian's
+Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms, Divinities,
+Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and enforced with
+Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance: at a time, I say,
+when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the general
+remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite Commandment,
+_Thou shalt steal_, is everywhere promulgated,--it perhaps behooved, in
+this universal dotage and deliration, the sound portion of mankind to
+bestir themselves and rally. When the widest and wildest violations
+of that divine right of Property, the only divine right now extant or
+conceivable, are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious Press, and the
+world has lived to hear it asserted that _we have no Property in our
+very Bodies, but only an accidental Possession and Life-rent_, what
+is the issue to be looked for? Hangmen and Catchpoles may, by their
+noose-gins and baited fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort of vermin;
+but what, except perhaps some such Universal Association, can protect
+us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of
+Boa-constrictors. If, therefore, the more sequestered Thinker have
+wondered, in his privacy, from what hand that perhaps not ill-written
+_Program_ in the Public Journals, with its high _Prize-Questions_ and so
+liberal _Prizes_, could have proceeded,--let him now cease such
+wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to the _Concurrenz_
+(Competition)."
+
+We ask: Has this same "perhaps not ill-written _Program_," or any other
+authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen under
+the eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic? If
+so, what are those _Prize-Questions_; what are the terms of Competition,
+and when and where? No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther light of any
+sort, to be met with in these Paper-bags! Or is the whole business one
+other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities, whereby
+Herr Teufelsdrockh, meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often to play
+fast-and-loose with us?
+
+
+Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him;
+paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his
+thorny Biographical task a labor of love. It is a suspicion grounded
+perhaps on trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and
+more discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in
+whom underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel
+within wheel, defy all reckoning: a suspicion, in one word, that these
+Autobiographical Documents are partly a mystification! What if many
+a so-called Fact were little better than a Fiction; if here we had no
+direct Camera-obscura Picture of the Professor's History; but only some
+more or less fantastic Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly
+enough, shadowing forth the same! Our theory begins to be that, in
+receiving as literally authentic what was but hieroglyphically so,
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in that case we scruple not to name Hofrath
+Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of, and set adrift to make fools of others.
+Could it be expected, indeed, that a man so known for impenetrable
+reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at once frankly unlock his private
+citadel to an English Editor and a German Hofrath; and not rather
+deceptively _in_lock both Editor and Hofrath in the labyrinthic
+tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having enticed them
+thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools would look?
+
+Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself
+short. On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being
+all but invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher,
+the following: "What are your historical Facts; still more your
+biographical? Wilt thou know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing
+together bead-rolls of what thou namest Facts? The Man is the spirit
+he worked in; not what he did, but what he became. Facts are engraved
+Hierograms, for which the fewest have the key. And then how your
+Blockhead (_Dummkopf_) studies not their Meaning; but simply whether
+they are well or ill cut, what he calls Moral or Immoral! Still worse
+is it with your Bungler (_Pfuscher_): such I have seen reading some
+Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation; and mistaking the ill-cut
+Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous reptile." Was the Professor
+apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the present boasts himself,
+might mistake the Teufelsdrockh Serpent-of-Eternity in like manner? For
+which reason it was to be altered, not without underhand satire, into
+a plainer Symbol? Or is this merely one of his half-sophisms,
+half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of a Figure, he cares
+not whither it gallop? We say not with certainty; and indeed, so strange
+is the Professor, can never say. If our suspicion be wholly unfounded,
+let his own questionable ways, not our necessary circumspectness bear
+the blame.
+
+But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present. Let it
+suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+what he became:" the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for. The
+imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche: and such, wheresoever
+be its flight, it will continue. To trace by what complex gyrations
+(flights or involuntary waftings) through the mere external
+Life-element, Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and
+the Psyche clothes herself in civic Titles, without altering her now
+fixed nature,--would be comparatively an unproductive task, were we even
+unsuspicious of its being, for us at least, a false and impossible one.
+His outward Biography, therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we
+saw churned utterly into spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for
+aught that concerns us here. Enough that by survey of certain "pools and
+plashes," we have ascertained its general direction; do we not already
+know that, by one way and other, it _has_ long since rained down again
+into a stream; and even now, at Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still,
+fraught with the _Philosophy of Clothes_, and visible to whoso will
+cast eye thereon? Over much invaluable matter, that lies scattered,
+like jewels among quarry-rubbish, in those Paper-catacombs, we may have
+occasion to glance back, and somewhat will demand insertion at the right
+place: meanwhile be our tiresome diggings therein suspended.
+
+If now, before reopening the great _Clothes-Volume_, we ask what our
+degree of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+understanding of the _Clothes-Philosophy_, let not our discouragement
+become total. To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+conjecture.
+
+So much we already calculate: Through many a little loophole, we have
+had glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange
+mystic, almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually
+drawn, is not henceforth altogether dark to us. Those mysterious ideas
+on TIME, which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible
+with such, may by and by prove significant. Still more may his somewhat
+peculiar view of Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature. How
+all Nature and Life are but one _Garment_, a "Living Garment," woven and
+ever a-weaving in the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline
+of a whole _Clothes-Philosophy_; at least the arena it is to work in?
+Remark, too, that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning
+in such a matter, becomes less enigmatic: amid so much tumultuous
+obscurity, almost like diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable
+Defiance and yet a boundless Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two
+mountain-summits, on whose rock-strata all the rest were based and
+built?
+
+Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it
+were preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy? To look through the Shows of
+things into Things themselves he is led and compelled. The "Passivity"
+given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune. Everywhere
+cast out, like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in
+any public Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of
+Meditation. The whole energy of his existence is directed, through long
+years, on one task: that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it. Thus
+everywhere do the Shows of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten
+him with fearfullest destruction: only by victoriously penetrating into
+Things themselves can he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this
+same looking through the Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the
+first preliminary to a _Philosophy of Clothes_? Do we not, in all
+this, discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such
+a Philosophy; and what shape it must assume with such a man, in such an
+era?
+
+Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+without guess whither he is bound: nor, let us hope, for all the
+fantastic Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh,
+he must wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a
+steady Polar Star.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK III.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+
+As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an
+early part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself.
+Striking it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force
+of vision and of heart he pierced into the mystery of the World;
+recognizing in the highest sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went,
+only fresh or faded Raiment; yet ever, under this, a celestial Essence
+thereby rendered visible: and while, on the one hand, he trod the old
+rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into the mire, he on the other
+everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly principalities and powers,
+and worshipped it, though under the meanest shapes, with a true
+Platonic mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed by thus casting his
+Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe; what such, more
+or less complete, rending and burning of Garments throughout the whole
+compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should lead to; the rather as
+he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not, like Rousseau, recommend
+either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a return to the savage
+state: all this our readers are now bent to discover; this is, in fact,
+properly the gist and purport of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Philosophy of
+Clothes.
+
+Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much
+evolved, as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our
+British Friends into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines;
+nowise to dig out and exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all
+time inexhaustible. Once there, let each dig for his own behoof, and
+enrich himself.
+
+Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the
+Professor's, can our course now more than formerly be straightforward,
+step by step, but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand
+out here and there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely
+and narrowly, shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole: to
+select these with judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be
+possible, and (in our old figure) by chaining them together, a passable
+Bridge be effected: this, as heretofore, continues our only method.
+Among such light-spots, the following, floating in much wild matter
+about _Perfectibility_, has seemed worth clutching at:--
+
+"Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident
+passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree
+of ridicule by others: namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker,
+was one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of
+the Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls
+of Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable
+Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly
+accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods
+it has chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid
+pincers, paste-horns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of
+rubbish, this youth had, nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him;
+also an antique Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it
+could look upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily
+pair of shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and
+an honorable Mastership in Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of
+Thirdborough in his hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,--was
+nowise satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever amid the boring and
+hammering came tones from that far country, came Splendors and Terrors;
+for this poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the Temple of
+Immensity, wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy
+mystery to him.
+
+"The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters
+of that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to
+'drink beer, and dance with the girls.' Blind leaders of the blind!
+For what end were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their
+shovel-hats scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt
+on; and such a church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other
+racketing, held over that spot of God's Earth,--if Man were but a Patent
+Digester, and the Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned
+from them, with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings
+and his Bible. Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been
+heaped over that Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried
+there. Through long days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and
+wrestled, with a man's force, to be free: how its prison-mountains
+heaved and swayed tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this
+hand and that, and emerged into the light of Heaven! That Leicester
+shoe-shop, had men known it, was a holier place than any Vatican or
+Loretto-shrine.--'So bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he,
+'with thousand requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags,
+I can neither see nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time
+flies fast, and Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee,
+if thou hast power of Thought! Why not; what binds me here? Want,
+want!--Ha, of what? Will all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me
+across into that far Land of Light? Only Meditation can, and devout
+Prayer to God. I will to the woods: the hollow of a tree will lodge
+me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes, cannot I stitch myself one
+perennial suit of Leather!'
+
+"Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts
+I never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject
+were easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as
+if such first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and
+more into Day, the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its
+hindrances and its horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is
+in History. Let some living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and
+understanding heart, picture George Fox on that morning, when he spreads
+out his cutting-board for the last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted
+patterns, and stitches them together into one continuous all-including
+Case, the farewell service of his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox:
+every prick of that little instrument is pricking into the heart of
+Slavery, and World-worship, and the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as
+in strong swimmer-strokes, and every stroke is bearing thee across the
+Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds her Workhouse and Ragfair, into
+lands of true Liberty; were the work done, there is in broad Europe one
+Free Man, and thou art he!
+
+"Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and
+for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely if, as D'Alembert
+asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is
+George Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes
+himself: for he too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood,
+casting aside all props and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride,
+undervaluing the Earth; valuing it rather, as a place to yield him
+warmth and food, he looks Heavenward from his Earth, and dwells in an
+element of Mercy and Worship, with a still Strength, such as the Cynic's
+Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly, was that Tub; a temple from which
+man's dignity and divinity was scornfully preached abroad: but greater
+is the Leather Hull, for the same sermon was preached there, and not in
+Scorn but in Love."
+
+
+George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn
+quite into ashes for nigh two centuries: why, in a discussion on
+the _Perfectibility of Society_, reproduce it now? Not out of blind
+sectarian partisanship: Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all
+his pacific tendencies, did not we see him, in that scene at the North
+Cape, with the Archangel Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+
+For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+passage than meets the ear. At the same time, who can avoid smiling
+at the earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an
+underhand satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought
+forward; and, in the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as
+he durst in Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation! Does Teufelsdrockh
+anticipate that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class
+of the community, by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and
+escaping from what he calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair,"
+where doubtless some of them are toiled and whipped and hoodwinked
+sufficiently,--will sheathe themselves in close-fitting cases of
+Leather? The idea is ridiculous in the extreme. Will Majesty lay aside
+its robes of state, and Beauty its frills and train-gowns, for a second
+skin of tanned hide? By which change Huddersfield and Manchester, and
+Coventry and Paisley, and the Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry
+solitudes; and only Day and Martin could profit. For neither would
+Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we presume covertly intended, of
+levelling Society (_levelling_ it indeed with a vengeance, into one
+huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining the political effects of Nudity
+without its frigorific or other consequences,--be thereby realized.
+Would not the rich man purchase a waterproof suit of Russia Leather;
+and the high-born Belle step forth in red or azure morocco, lined with
+shamoy: the black cowhide being left to the Drudges and Gibeonites of
+the world; and so all the old Distinctions be re-established?
+
+Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve
+at our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+
+Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has
+the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume. We here
+translate it entire:--
+
+"By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in. Far from it! Church-Clothes
+are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have
+at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them
+as a living and life-giving WORD.
+
+"These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+garnitures of Human Existence. They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or
+three are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent,
+and indeed indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly
+manifests itself (as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be
+embodied in a visible Communion and Church Militant. Mystical, more than
+magical, is that Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward:
+here properly Soul first speaks with Soul; for only in looking
+heavenward, take it in what sense you may, not in looking earthward,
+does what we can call Union, mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible.
+How true is that of Novalis: 'It is certain, my Belief gains quite
+_infinitely_ the moment I can convince another mind thereof'! Gaze thou
+in the face of thy Brother, in those eyes where plays the lambent fire
+of Kindness, or in those where rages the lurid conflagration of Anger;
+feel how thy own so quiet Soul is straightway involuntarily kindled with
+the like, and ye blaze and reverberate on each other, till it is all
+one limitless confluent flame (of embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling
+Hate); and then say what miraculous virtue goes out of man into man. But
+if so, through all the thick-plied hulls of our Earthly Life; how much
+more when it is of the Divine Life we speak, and inmost ME is, as it
+were, brought into contact with inmost ME!
+
+"Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven
+by Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes
+possible by Religion. Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and
+present, may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or
+other of these three predicaments: an audibly preaching and prophesying
+Church, which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach
+and prophesy, but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and
+worst, a Church gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium
+prior to dissolution. Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant
+Chapter-houses and Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere
+speech and chanting, let him," says the oracular Professor, "read on,
+light of heart (_getrosten Muthes_).
+
+"But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+exist. For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying _under_ such
+SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;--then is Religion the
+inmost Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm
+Circulation to the whole. Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones
+and Muscles (of Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic
+vitality; the SKIN would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting
+rawhide; and Society itself a dead carcass,--deserving to be buried. Men
+were no longer Social, but Gregarious; which latter state also could not
+continue, but must gradually issue in universal selfish discord, hatred,
+savage isolation, and dispersion;--whereby, as we might continue to say,
+the very dust and dead body of Society would have evaporated and
+become abolished. Such, and so all-important, all-sustaining, are the
+Church-Clothes to civilized or even to rational men.
+
+"Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become
+mere hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit
+any longer dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid
+accumulation, drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you
+with its glass eyes, in ghastly affectation of Life,--some
+generation-and-half after Religion has quite withdrawn from it, and
+in unnoticed nooks is weaving for herself new Vestures, wherewith
+to reappear, and bless us, or our sons or grandsons. As a Priest, or
+Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and highest of all men, so is
+a Sham-priest (_Schein-priester_) the falsest and basest; neither is it
+doubtful that his Canonicals, were they Popes' Tiaras, will one day be
+torn from him, to make bandages for the wounds of mankind; or even to
+burn into tinder, for general scientific or culinary purposes.
+
+"All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second
+Volume, _On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society_; which volume,
+as treating practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture
+of Spiritual Tissues, or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the
+Transcendental or ultimate Portion of this my work on _Clothes_, and is
+already in a state of forwardness."
+
+And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added,
+does Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular
+chapter on Church-Clothes!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS.
+
+Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure
+utterances, if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations
+on _Symbols_. To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our
+compass: nowhere is he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of
+"Fantasy being the organ of the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though
+based, to all seeming, on the small Visible, does nevertheless extend
+down into the infinite deeps of the Invisible, of which Invisible,
+indeed, his Life is properly the bodying forth." Let us, omitting these
+high transcendental aspects of the matter, study to glean (whether from
+the Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what little seems logical and
+practical, and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as
+it will assume. By way of proem, take the following not injudicious
+remarks:--
+
+"The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who
+shall speak or sing? SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised
+to them (were this an altar-building time) for universal worship.
+Silence is the element in which great things fashion themselves
+together; that at length they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into
+the daylight of Life, which they are thenceforth to rule. Not William
+the Silent only, but all the considerable men I have known, and the most
+undiplomatic and unstrategic of these, forbore to babble of what they
+were creating and projecting. Nay, in thy own mean perplexities, do
+thou thyself but _hold thy tongue for one day_: on the morrow, how much
+clearer are thy purposes and duties; what wreck and rubbish have those
+mute workmen within thee swept away, when intrusive noises were shut
+out! Speech is too often not, as the Frenchman defined it, the art of
+concealing Thought; but of quite stifling and suspending Thought,
+so that there is none to conceal. Speech too is great, but not the
+greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says: _Sprechen ist silbern,
+Schweigen ist golden_ (Speech is silvern, Silence is golden); or as I
+might rather express it: Speech is of Time, Silence is of Eternity.
+
+"Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+Silence: neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy. Let not thy left
+hand know what thy right hand doeth! Neither shalt thou prate even to
+thy own heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (_Schaam_)
+the soil of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals? Like other
+plants, Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the
+eye of the sun. Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily
+thyself, the root withers, and no flower will glad thee. O my Friends,
+when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example,
+the Marriage-bower, and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues
+of Heaven, what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them
+up by the roots, and, with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us
+the dung they flourish in! Men speak much of the Printing Press with
+its Newspapers: _du Himmel_! what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's
+Goose?
+
+"Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of _Symbols_. In
+a Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by
+Silence and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance. And
+if both the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how
+expressive will their union be! Thus in many a painted Device, or simple
+Seal-emblem, the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite
+new emphasis.
+
+"For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith. In the
+Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible,
+and as it were, attainable there. By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided
+and commanded, made happy, made wretched: He everywhere finds himself
+encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized: the
+Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what
+is man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical;
+a revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a
+'Gospel of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he
+can, by act and word? Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment
+of a Thought; but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in
+the transcendental sense, symbolical as well as real."
+
+"Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with
+these high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the
+verge of the inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl. Perhaps, too,
+of all the owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we
+consider it, is that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights.
+Fantastic tricks enough man has played, in his time; has fancied himself
+to be most things, down even to an animated heap of Glass: but to fancy
+himself a dead Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was
+reserved for this his latter era. There stands he, his Universe one huge
+Manger, filled with hay and thistles to be weighed against each other;
+and looks long-eared enough. Alas, poor devil! spectres are appointed to
+haunt him: one age he is hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden,
+befooled; in all ages, bedevilled. And now the Genius of Mechanism
+smothers him worse than any Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked
+out of him, and only a kind of Digestive, Mechanic life remains. In
+Earth and in Heaven he can see nothing but Mechanism; has fear for
+nothing else, hope in nothing else: the world would indeed grind him
+to pieces; but cannot he fathom the Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly
+compute these, and mechanize them to grind the other way?
+
+"Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but
+to bid him open his eyes and look. In which country, in which time, was
+it hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+calculated or calculable 'Motives'? What make ye of your Christianities,
+and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+Terror? Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in _Love_?
+Did he never stand so much as a contested Election? Leave him to Time,
+and the medicating virtue of Nature."
+
+"Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might
+say, Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to
+lead us hellward. Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense
+but the implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of? Ever in the
+dullest existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness
+(thou partly hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in
+from the circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little
+islet of Time. The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou
+canst not make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving
+retina, healthy or diseased. Have not I myself known five hundred living
+soldiers sabred into crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which
+they called their Flag; which, had you sold it at any market-cross,
+would not have brought above three groschen? Did not the whole Hungarian
+Nation rise, like some tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser
+Joseph pocketed their Iron Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously
+observed, in size and commercial value little differing from a
+horse-shoe? It is in and through _Symbols_ that man, consciously or
+unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being: those ages, moreover,
+are accounted the noblest which can the best recognize symbolical worth,
+and prize it the highest. For is not a Symbol ever, to him who has eyes
+for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the Godlike?
+
+"Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only. What, for instance, was
+in that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign
+in their _Bauernkrieg_ (Peasants' War)? Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+which the Netherland _Gueux_, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+Intrinsic significance these had none: only extrinsic; as the accidental
+Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in
+which union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+borrowing of the Godlike. Under a like category, too, stand, or stood,
+the stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs: they
+have no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have
+acquired an extrinsic one. Nevertheless through all these there glimmers
+something of a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the
+Divine Idea of Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of
+Right. Nay the highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the
+Cross itself, had no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+
+"Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning,
+and is of itself _fit_ that men should unite round it. Let but the
+Godlike manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less
+visibly, through the Time-Figure (_Zeitbild_)! Then is it fit that men
+unite there; and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day to
+day, and from age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+
+"Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art: in them (if thou know a
+Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+through Time; the Godlike rendered visible. Here too may an extrinsic
+value gradually superadd itself: thus certain _Iliads_, and the like,
+have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance. But
+nobler than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men;
+for what other Work of Art is so divine? In Death too, in the Death of
+the Just, as the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern
+symbolic meaning? In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory,
+resting over the beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if
+thou canst for tears) the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some
+gleam of the latter peering through.
+
+"Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen
+into Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the
+Same: I mean religious Symbols. Various enough have been such religious
+Symbols, what we call _Religions_; as men stood in this stage of culture
+or the other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike: some
+Symbols with a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an extrinsic.
+If thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner, look
+on our divinest Symbol: on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his
+Biography, and what followed therefrom. Higher has the human Thought
+not yet reached: this is Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite
+perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be
+anew inquired into, and anew made manifest.
+
+"But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them;
+and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos has
+not ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like
+a receding Star. It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+know that it _was_ a Sun. So likewise a day comes when the Runic
+Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African
+Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished. For all things, even
+Celestial Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise,
+their culmination, their decline.
+
+"Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but
+a piece of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and
+truly, as Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.' A right Conjurer
+might I name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the
+divine virtue they once held.
+
+"Of this thing, however, be certain: wouldst thou plant for Eternity,
+then plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and
+Heart; wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding,
+what will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World
+will we call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can
+shape new Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such
+too will not always be wanting; neither perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as
+the average of matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can
+so much as tell when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+
+"When, as the last English Coronation [*] I was preparing," concludes this
+wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King,
+had brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+assistance,' I said to myself: Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters
+and rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if
+you shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+suffocation?"
+
+     * That of George IV.--ED.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE.
+
+At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting,
+to a certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled _Institute for the
+Repression of Population_; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag
+_Pisces_. Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire
+little; but of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand,
+which rather copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right
+place here.
+
+Into the Hofrath's _Institute_, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath;
+something like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms
+of Madness. Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there
+light; nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider
+and wider; a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by
+its too dense inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating
+one another. To make air for himself in which strangulation, choking
+enough to a benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found,
+this _Institute_ of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our
+Professor's comments thereon that we concern ourselves.
+
+First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical,
+has his own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and
+courtesies have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the
+blank cover of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly
+engrossed:--
+
+"Two men I honor, and no third. First, the toilworn Craftsman that
+with earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes
+her man's. Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein
+notwithstanding lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of
+the Sceptre of this Planet. Venerable too is the rugged face, all
+weather-tanned, besoiled, with its rude intelligence; for it is the face
+of a Man living manlike. Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness,
+and even because we must pity as well as love thee! Hardly-entreated
+Brother! For us was thy back so bent, for us were thy straight limbs and
+fingers so deformed: thou wert our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and
+fighting our battles wert so marred. For in thee too lay a god-created
+Form, but it was not to be unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the
+thick adhesions and defacements of Labor: and thy body, like thy soul,
+was not to know freedom. Yet toil on, toil on: _thou_ art in thy duty,
+be out of it who may; thou toilest for the altogether indispensable, for
+daily bread.
+
+"A second man I honor, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling
+for the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of
+Life. Is not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony;
+revealing this, by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors,
+be they high or low? Highest of all, when his outward and his inward
+endeavor are one: when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman
+only, but inspired Thinker, who with heaven-made Implement conquers
+Heaven for us! If the poor and humble toil that we have Food, must not
+the high and glorious toil for him in return, that he have Light, have
+Guidance, Freedom, Immortality?--These two, in all their degrees, I
+honor: all else is chaff and dust, which let the wind blow whither it
+listeth.
+
+"Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+toiling inwardly for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with. Such a one
+will take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of
+Heaven spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light
+shining in great darkness."
+
+And again: "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor:
+we must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is
+worse; no faithful workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry
+and athirst; but for him also there is food and drink: he is heavy-laden
+and weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest;
+in his smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do mourn over is, that
+the lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of
+earthly knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness,
+like two spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company. Alas, while
+the Body stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed,
+stupefied, almost annihilated! Alas, was this too a Breath of God;
+bestowed in Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!--That there
+should one Man die ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call
+a tragedy, were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by
+some computations it does. The miserable fraction of Science which our
+united Mankind, in a wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is
+not this, with all diligence, imparted to all?"
+
+Quite in an opposite strain is the following: "The old Spartans had a
+wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+spitted them, when they grew too numerous. With our improved fashions
+of hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and
+standing armies, how much easier were such a hunt! Perhaps in the most
+thickly peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot
+all the able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year. Let
+Governments think of this. The expense were trifling: nay the very
+carcasses would pay it. Have them salted and barrelled; could not you
+victual therewith, if not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers,
+in workhouses and elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of
+them, might see good to keep alive?"
+
+"And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong. A
+full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high
+as two hundred Friedrichs d'or: such is his worth to the world. A
+full-formed Man is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world
+could afford him a round sum would he simply engage to go and hang
+himself. Nevertheless, which of the two was the more cunningly devised
+article, even as an Engine? Good Heavens! A white European Man, standing
+on his two Legs, with his two five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones,
+and miraculous Head on his shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty
+to a hundred Horses!"
+
+"True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere: "too crowded
+indeed! Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more? How thick
+stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round
+ancient Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the
+Altaic chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey,
+Crim Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare? One man, in one year, as I have
+understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses
+of indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe
+and war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare? Where are
+they?--Preserving their Game!"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX.
+
+Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these
+Writings of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for
+conclusion, that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society,
+properly so called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the
+gregarious feelings, and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold
+us from Dispersion, and universal national, civil, domestic and personal
+war! He says expressly: "For the last three centuries, above all for the
+last three quarters of a century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue
+(as we named it) of Religion, where lies the Life-essence of Society,
+has been smote at and perforated, needfully and needlessly; till now
+it is quite rent into shreds; and Society, long pining, diabetic,
+consumptive, can be regarded as defunct; for those spasmodic, galvanic
+sprawlings are not life; neither indeed will they endure, galvanize as
+you may, beyond two days."
+
+"Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only
+of a common over-crowded Lodging-house? Where each, isolated, regardless
+of his neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get,
+and cries 'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and
+cut-throat Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort,
+can be employed? Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible
+tradition; and your holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern
+Dinner, with Cook for Evangelist? Where your Priest has no tongue but
+for plate-licking: and your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but
+on all hands hear it passionately proclaimed: _Laissez faire_; Leave us
+alone of _your_ guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you
+your wages, and sleep!
+
+"Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere
+that saddest spectacle: The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly,
+of Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth. The Highest in rank, at length,
+without honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor,
+as from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill. Once-sacred
+Symbols fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the
+expense; a World becoming dismantled: in one word, the STATE fallen
+speechless, from obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a
+Police-Office, straitened to get its pay!"
+
+We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical
+men in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or
+is it only from the mystic elevation of a German _Wahngasse_ that
+such wonders are visible? Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a
+"deceased or expiring Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs
+may read. "What, for example," says he, "is the universally arrogated
+Virtue, almost the sole remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days?
+For some half-century, it has been the thing you name 'Independence.'
+Suspicion of 'Servility,' of reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech
+is anxious to disavow. Fools! Were your Superiors worthy to govern,
+and you worthy to obey, reverence for them were even your only possible
+freedom. Independence, in all kinds, is rebellion; if unjust rebellion,
+why parade it, and everywhere prescribe it?"
+
+But what then? Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+Nature? "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what
+can follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching
+with its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile,
+where, amid wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most,
+the venerable Corpse is to be burnt. Or, in plain words, that these men,
+Liberals, Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately
+carry their point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions
+of Society, seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+
+"Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament
+come to light even in insulated England? A living nucleus, that will
+attract and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious
+phasis; properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear
+of the others as to fancy itself the van. Our European Mechanizers are a
+sect of boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit: has
+not Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among
+ourselves, and in every European country, at some time or other, within
+the last fifty years? If now in all countries, except perhaps England,
+it has ceased to flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk
+to Journalists and the popular mass,--who sees not that, as hereby it no
+longer preaches, so the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is
+in full universal Action, the doctrine everywhere known, and
+enthusiastically laid to heart? The fit pabulum, in these times, for
+a certain rugged workshop intellect and heart, nowise without their
+corresponding workshop strength and ferocity, it requires but to be
+stated in such scenes to make proselytes enough.--Admirably calculated
+for destroying, only not for rebuilding! It spreads like a sort of
+Dog-madness; till the whole World-kennel will be rabid: then woe to
+the Huntsmen, with or without their whips! They should have given the
+quadrupeds water," adds he; "the water, namely, of Knowledge and of
+Life, while it was yet time."
+
+Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour
+in a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! "The World,"
+says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and
+waste, which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker
+combustion, as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the
+past Forms of Society; replace them with what it may. For the present,
+it is contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once
+_divested_, these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt;
+but the sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish
+watch-coat for the defence of the Body only!"--This, we think, is but
+Job's-news to the humane reader.
+
+"Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there
+that can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit
+of the Time: Turn back, I command thee?--Wiser were it that we yielded
+to the Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+
+Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded
+to this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat
+waiting the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference,
+if not even Placidity? Did we not hear him complain that the World was
+a "huge Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining
+down everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him? What with
+those "unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven _sic vos non vobis_
+pressure and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in
+existing things; what with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles
+and spiders, yet glaring out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a
+ghastly affectation of life,"--we feel entitled to conclude him even
+willing that much should be thrown to the Devil, so it were but done
+gently! Safe himself in that "Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would
+consent, with a tragic solemnity, that the monster UTILITARIA, held
+back, indeed, and moderated by nose-rings, halters, foot-shackles,
+and every conceivable modification of rope, should go forth to do her
+work;--to tread down old ruinous Palaces and Temples with her broad
+hoof, till the whole were trodden down, that new and better might be
+built! Remarkable in this point of view are the following sentences.
+
+"Society," says he, "is not dead: that Carcass, which you call dead
+Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume
+a nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer
+and fairer development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity.
+Wheresoever two or three Living Men are gathered together, there is
+Society; or there it will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous
+structures, overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to
+Heaven and downwards to Gehenna: for always, under one or the other
+figure, it has two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the
+Pulpit, namely, and the Gallows."
+
+Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+weaving for herself new Vestures;"--Teufelsdrockh himself being one
+of the loom-treadles? Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange
+aphorism of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be
+said: "_L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le
+passe, est devant nous_; The golden age, which a blind tradition has
+hitherto placed in the Past, is Before us."--But listen again:--
+
+"When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+flying! Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+consumed there. Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will
+get singed.
+
+"For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+completed, you need not ask. The law of Perseverance is among the
+deepest in man: by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his
+old house till it has actually fallen about his ears. Thus have I seen
+Solemnities linger as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to
+the extent of three hundred years and more after all life and sacredness
+had evaporated out of them. And then, finally, what time the
+Phoenix Death-Birth itself will require, depends on unseen
+contingencies.--Meanwhile, would Destiny offer Mankind, that after, say
+two centuries of convulsion and conflagration, more or less vivid, the
+fire-creation should be accomplished, and we to find ourselves again
+in a Living Society, and no longer fighting but working,--were it not
+perhaps prudent in Mankind to strike the bargain?"
+
+Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be
+deliberately burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the
+faith that she is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one
+will rise out of her ashes! We ourselves, restricted to the duty of
+Indicator, shall forbear commentary. Meanwhile, will not the judicious
+reader shake his head, and reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in
+anger, say or think: From a _Doctor utriusque Juris_, titular Professor
+in a University, and man to whom hitherto, for his services, Society,
+bad as she is, has given not only food and raiment (of a kind),
+but books, tobacco and gukguk, we expected more gratitude to his
+benefactress; and less of a blind trust in the future which resembles
+that rather of a philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast, than of a solid
+householder paying scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES.
+
+As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in
+practice probably the politest man extant: his whole heart and life are
+penetrated and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural
+Courtesy shines through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight,
+making a rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds;
+nay brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the
+crucible of an alchemist. Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he
+expresses himself on this head:--
+
+"Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich? In
+Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as
+it gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully
+insists on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth
+or birth: but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due
+from all men towards all men. Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his
+post, and worth anything when there, this, with so much else, would be
+reformed. Nay, each man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till
+at length a rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with,
+than a Peasant unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not
+that the clod he broke was created in Heaven.
+
+"For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE;
+is not this thy brother ALIVE? 'There is but one temple in the world,'
+says Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man. Nothing is holier
+than this high Form. Bending before men is a reverence done to this
+Revelation in the Flesh. We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a
+human Body.'
+
+"On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and
+whereas the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with
+a shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no
+hat whatever. Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+Impersonation of the Divinity? And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+serves not. For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity;
+and too often the bow is but pocketed by the _former_. It would go to
+the pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in
+these times); therefore must we withhold it.
+
+"The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells
+and outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer
+lodges, but only the pure emblem and effigies of Man: I mean, to Empty,
+or even to Cast Clothes. Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do
+reverence: to the fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling
+animal with bandy legs' which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of? Who
+ever saw any Lord my-lorded in tattered blanket fastened with wooden
+skewer? Nevertheless, I say, there is in such worship a shade
+of hypocrisy, a practical deception: for how often does the Body
+appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only! Whoso would avoid
+falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps see good
+to take a different course. That reverence which cannot act without
+obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have free
+course when they are empty. Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the Pagoda
+is not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow cloth
+Garment with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man: nay, with more,
+for I now fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+
+"Did not King _Toomtabard_, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign long
+over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the 'Toom
+Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining? What still dignity dwells in a suit
+of Cast Clothes! How meekly it bears its honors! No haughty looks,
+no scornful gesture: silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it. The Hat still carries
+the physiognomy of its Head: but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone. The Coat-arm is
+stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat
+hides no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells
+not in it. Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the
+carking cares and foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its
+Clothes-horse; as, on a Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified
+Apparition, visiting our low Earth.
+
+"Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized
+Life, the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny,
+under that ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan
+broth; and was one lone soul amid those grinding millions;--often have I
+turned into their Old-Clothes Market to worship. With awe-struck heart
+I walk through that Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a
+Sanhedrim of stainless Ghosts. Silent are they, but expressive in their
+silence: the past witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions,
+Virtues, Crimes, and all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the
+Prison men call Life.' Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom
+Old Clothes are not venerable. Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded
+Jewish High-priest, who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom,
+summons them from the four winds! On his head, like the Pope, he has
+three Hats,--a real triple tiara; on either hand are the similitude of
+wings, whereon the summoned Garments come to alight; and ever, as
+he slowly cleaves the air, sounds forth his deep fateful note, as
+if through a trumpet he were proclaiming: 'Ghosts of Life, come to
+Judgment!' Reck not, ye fluttering Ghosts: he will purify you in his
+Purgatory, with fire and with water; and, one day, new-created ye shall
+reappear. Oh, let him in whom the flame of Devotion is ready to go
+out, who has never worshipped, and knows not what to worship, pace and
+repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of Monmouth Street, and say
+whether his heart and his eyes still continue dry. If Field Lane, with
+its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs, be a Dionysius' Ear,
+where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the Indictment which Poverty
+and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has left them there cast
+out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the Devil,--then is
+Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley vision, the whole
+Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its wail and
+jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and gallows-ropes,
+farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,--the Bedlam of Creation!"
+
+
+To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged.
+We too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+"Devotion:" probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in
+that Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves
+to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be
+allowed to linger there without molestation.--Something we would have
+given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and
+loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in
+austerest thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic
+avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life"
+rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh,
+that listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum
+hearest the grass grow!
+
+At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents
+destined for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic
+diary of this his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among
+the Clothes-shops only the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in
+conversation (for, indeed, he was not a man to pester you with his
+Travels), have we heard him more than allude to the subject.
+
+For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+Clothes-Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his
+soul,--as in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a
+Universe!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+
+For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself,
+and burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a
+handsome bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries,"
+there seems to lie but an ashy prospect. Not altogether so, however,
+does the Professor figure it. "In the living subject," says he, "change
+is wont to be gradual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the
+new is already formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning of a
+World-Phoenix, who fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a
+dead cinereous heap; and therefrom the young one start up by miracle,
+and fly heavenward. Far otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and
+Destruction proceed together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown
+about, do organic filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves: and
+amid the rushing and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of
+a melodious Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious
+Birth-song. Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and
+thou wilt see." Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who
+cannot expect to live two centuries, those same organic filaments,
+mysteriously spinning themselves, will be the best part of the
+spectacle. First, therefore, this of Mankind in general:--
+
+"In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother. Thy
+very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in
+thy splenetic humor: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I
+a Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not
+thou! I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+
+"Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like
+to choose it. More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts:
+'Wert thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+imaginable Glass bell,--what a thing it were, not for thyself only, but
+for the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds,
+impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread: neither from
+within comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts
+fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing
+hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that,
+taking and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there
+has a Hole fallen out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which
+must be darned up again!'
+
+"Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages,
+paper and other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are
+a blood-circulation, visible to the eye: but the finer nervous
+circulation, by which all things, the minutest that he does, minutely
+influence all men, and the very look of his face blesses or curses
+whomso it lights on, and so generates ever new blessing or new cursing:
+all this you cannot see, but only imagine. I say, there is not a red
+Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg, can quarrel with his squaw, but the
+whole world must smart for it: will not the price of beaver rise? It is
+a mathematical fact that the casting of this pebble from my hand alters
+the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+
+"If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+indissolubly does generation with generation. Hast thou ever meditated
+on that word, Tradition: how we inherit not Life only, but all the
+garniture and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and
+feel, as our Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning,
+have given it us?--Who printed thee, for example, this unpretending
+Volume on the Philosophy of Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and
+Company; but Cadmus of Thebes, Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others
+whom thou knowest not. Had there been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there
+had been no English Shakspeare, or a different one. Simpleton! It was
+Tubal-cain that made thy very Tailor's needle, and sewed that court-suit
+of thine.
+
+"Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more
+is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which
+Nature were not. As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual
+Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those
+main currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions,
+Polities, Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand
+and know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator
+thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou
+wilt transmit it to the whole Future. It is thus that the heroic heart,
+the seeing eye of the first times, still feels and sees in us of the
+latest; that the Wise Man stands ever encompassed, and spiritually
+embraced, by a cloud of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living,
+literal _Communion of Saints_, wide as the World itself, and as the
+History of the World.
+
+"Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same
+Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations. Generations
+are as the Days of toilsome Mankind: Death and Birth are the vesper and
+the matin bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for
+new advancement. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy;
+but has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and
+roll onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but
+ever completing. Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there
+is also a fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still
+higher points of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time,
+followed by an Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction,
+as this also is from time to time a necessary work, thou findest a like
+sequence and perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand
+by that burning of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at
+the glimmering ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I
+note, the English Whig has, in the second generation, become an English
+Radical; who, in the third again, it is to be hoped, will become an
+English Rebuilder. Find Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in
+living movement, in progress faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft,
+hovers with outstretched wings, filling Earth with her music; or, as
+now, she sinks, and with spheral swan-song immolates herself in flame,
+that she may soar the higher and sing the clearer."
+
+Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this
+to heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin
+another passage, concerning Titles:--
+
+"Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles
+of Honor come hitherto from Fighting. Your _Herzog_ (Duke, _Dux_) is
+Leader of Armies; your Earl (_Jarl_) is Strong Man; your Marshal cavalry
+Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having from of
+old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more indubitable,
+may it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will cease to be
+palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?
+
+"The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of
+King. _Konig_ (King), anciently _Konning_, means Ken-ning (Cunning), or
+which is the same thing, Can-ning. Ever must the Sovereign of Mankind be
+fitly entitled King."
+
+"Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians: a King
+rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+will never give it him. Can I choose my own King? I can choose my own
+King Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he who
+is to be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen
+for me in Heaven. Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen
+is Freedom so much as conceivable."
+
+
+The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with
+our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict
+of Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle
+for the Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable
+Constitution kept warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves
+in this spectral Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the
+Unborn, where the Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film
+dividing the Past and the Future? In those dim long-drawn expanses, all
+is so immeasurable; much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and
+straggling light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with
+such an indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the
+inevitably coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant
+by centuries or only by days), does he sit;--and live, you would say,
+rather in any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to
+announce, or repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep,
+silent, slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with
+shuddering admiration.
+
+Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: "Satisfy yourselves,"
+he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing
+or will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and
+so vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically
+hatched and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or
+at worst, in some other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or
+Steam-mechanism. It were a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of
+manufacture witnessed hitherto." Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the
+British constitution, even slightly?--He says, under another figure:
+"But after all, were the problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To
+rebuild your old House from the top downwards (since you must live in
+it the while), what better, what other, than the Representative Machine
+will serve your turn? Meanwhile, however, mock me not with the name
+of Free, 'when you have but knit up my chains into ornamental
+festoons.'"--Or what will any member of the Peace Society make of such
+an assertion as this: "The lower people everywhere desire War. Not so
+unwisely; there is then a demand for lower people--to be shot!"
+
+Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths
+of speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions. Here, looking
+round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+touching "Hero-worship," be of the number? It seems of a cheerful
+character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how
+little, may lie under it. Our readers shall look with their own eyes:--
+
+"True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+obey. True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less
+bear rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of
+nothing, the equal of nothing. Nevertheless, believe not that man has
+lost his faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone
+dead. Painful for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has
+become inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he
+feel safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel
+himself exalted.
+
+"Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this: that
+man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen
+into perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+
+"Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey. Before no faintest
+revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all,
+when the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man. Thus is there
+a true religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all
+ages, even in ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox
+_Hero-worship_. In which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed,
+and will forever exist, universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern
+the corner-stone of living rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest
+time may stand secure."
+
+Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+Teufelsdrockh, is looking at? He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+and Voltaire? How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a
+smile from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair
+beneath his feet! All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though
+their Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+
+"But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what
+will be done in the green? If, in the most parched season of Man's
+History, in the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was
+at best but a scientific _Hortus Siccus_, bedizened with some Italian
+Gumflowers, such virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for
+when Life again waves leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall
+have nothing apelike, but be wholly human? Know that there is in man a
+quite indestructible Reverence for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even
+plausibly counterfeits such holding. Show the dullest clodpoll, show
+the haughtiest featherhead, that a soul higher than himself is actually
+here; were his knees stiffened into brass, he must down and worship."
+
+Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:--
+
+"There is no Church, sayest thou? The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+This is even what I dispute: but in any case, hast thou not still
+Preaching enough? A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village;
+and builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper. Therefrom he preaches
+what most momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost
+not thou listen, and believe? Look well, thou seest everywhere a
+new Clergy of the Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost
+bare-backed, fashion itself into shape, and teach and preach, zealously
+enough, for copper alms and the love of God. These break in pieces
+the ancient idols; and, though themselves too often reprobate, as
+idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out the sites of new Churches,
+where the true God-ordained, that are to follow, may find audience, and
+minister. Said I not, Before the old skin was shed, the new had formed
+itself beneath it?"
+
+Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+ravelled sleeve:--
+
+"But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor. "Fool! I tell
+thee, there is. Hast thou well considered all that lies in this
+immeasurable froth-ocean we name LITERATURE? Fragments of a genuine
+Church-_Homiletic_ lie scattered there, which Time will assort: nay
+fractions even of a _Liturgy_ could I point out. And knowest thou no
+Prophet, even in the vesture, environment, and dialect of this age? None
+to whom the Godlike had revealed itself, through all meanest and highest
+forms of the Common; and by him been again prophetically revealed: in
+whose inspired melody, even in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days,
+Man's Life again begins, were it but afar off, to be divine? Knowest
+thou none such? I know him, and name him--Goethe.
+
+"But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people
+perish? Be of comfort! Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith. Spake we
+not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and
+brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic Sufferings
+rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all
+times, as a sacred _Miserere_; their heroic Actions also, as a boundless
+everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no Symbol
+of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is not
+Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a perpetual
+Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old, hear the
+Morning Stars sing together."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+
+It is in his stupendous Section, headed _Natural Supernaturalism_, that
+the Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as
+we have witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof. Phantasms
+enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of
+Imperial Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not: yet still did he
+courageously pierce through. Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round
+him, perplexing and bewildering: but with these also he now resolutely
+grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder. In a word, he has
+looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly
+hulls and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision,
+the interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+
+Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains
+to Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us
+safe into the promised land, where _Palingenesia_, in all senses, may be
+considered as beginning. "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with
+better right than Diogenes the First once did. This stupendous Section
+we, after long painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible;
+but, on the contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating.
+Let the reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect
+is in him, do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment,
+shall study to do ours:--
+
+"Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly
+begins the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine. Meanwhile,
+the question of questions were: What specially is a Miracle? To that
+Dutch King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried
+with him an air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a
+miracle. To my Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific,
+do not I work a miracle, and magical '_Open sesame_!_'_ every time I
+please to pay twopence, and open for him an impassable _Schlagbaum_, or
+shut Turnpike?
+
+"'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?'
+ask several. Whom I answer by this new question: What are the Laws of
+Nature? To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation
+of these Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first
+penetrated into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been,
+brought to bear on us with its Material Force.
+
+"Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment: On what ground
+shall one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore
+he can teach Religion? To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such
+declaration were inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the
+First Century, was full of meaning.
+
+"'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries
+an illuminated class: 'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move
+by unalterable rules?' Probable enough, good friends: nay I, too, must
+believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that
+Nature, that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be
+prevented from calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable
+rules. And now of you, too, I make the old inquiry: What those same
+unalterable rules, forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may
+possibly be?
+
+"They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+records of Man's Experience?--Was Man with his Experience present at the
+Creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any deepest scientific
+individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and
+gauged everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that
+they read His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say,
+This stands marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise!
+These scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are;
+have seen some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is
+infinite, without bottom as without shore.
+
+"Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in
+a course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+succeeded in detecting,--is to me as precious as to another. But is this
+what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the World;'
+this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen
+thousand Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons,
+and inert Balls, had been--looked at, nick-named, and marked in the
+Zodiacal Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their
+How, their Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+
+"System of Nature! To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+remains of quite _infinite_ depth, of quite infinite expansion; and
+all Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+measured square-miles. The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us: but who knows what
+deeper courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes)
+our little Epicycle revolves on? To the Minnow every cranny and pebble,
+and quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become
+familiar: but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic
+Currents, the Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all
+which the condition of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time
+to time (unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed? Such a
+minnow is Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable
+All; his Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of
+Providence through AEons of AEons.
+
+"We speak of the Volume of Nature: and truly a Volume it is,--whose
+Author and Writer is God. To read it! Dost thou, does man, so much as
+well know the Alphabet thereof? With its Words, Sentences, and grand
+descriptive Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar
+Systems, and Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee. It is a Volume
+written in celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which
+even Prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.
+As for your Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely;
+and, from amid the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic
+writing, pick out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar
+Character, and therefrom put together this and the other economic
+Recipe, of high avail in Practice. That Nature is more than some
+boundless Volume of such Recipes, or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible
+Domestic-Cookery Book, of which the whole secret will in this manner one
+day evolve itself, the fewest dream.
+
+"Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all.
+Consider well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers;
+and weaves air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby
+indeed these dwell with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our
+houses and workshops; but their spiritual nature becomes, to the most,
+forever hidden. Philosophy complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from
+the first; that we do everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that
+our very Axioms, let us boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest
+simply such Beliefs as we have never heard questioned. Nay, what
+is Philosophy throughout but a continual battle against Custom; an
+ever-renewed effort to _transcend_ the sphere of blind Custom, and so
+become Transcendental?
+
+"Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom: but of
+all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous. True, it is
+by this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder: and herein
+is Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit. But she
+is a fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when,
+in our resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception. Am I
+to view the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen
+it twice, or two hundred, or two million times? There is no reason in
+Nature or in Art why I should: unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine,
+for whom the divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial
+gift of Steam is to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be
+spun, and money and money's worth realized.
+
+"Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+Garments. Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology,
+we have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves. Seldom reflecting
+that still the new question comes upon us: What is Madness, what are
+Nerves? Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific,
+altogether _infernal_ boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through
+this fair-painted Vision of Creation, which swims thereon, which we name
+the Real. Was Luther's Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it
+were formed within the bodily eye, or without it? In every the wisest
+Soul lies a whole world of internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire;
+out of which, indeed, his world of Wisdom has been creatively built
+together, and now rests there, as on its dark foundations does a
+habitable flowery Earth rind.
+
+"But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+SPACE and TIME. These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth
+itself, to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind
+it,--lie all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof,
+whereby all minor Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint
+themselves. In vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip
+them off; you can, at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look
+through.
+
+"Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+Anywhere, behold he was There. By this means had Fortunatus triumphed
+over Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but
+all was Here. Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world
+we should have of it! Still stranger, should, on the opposite side
+of the street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his
+fellow-craftsman made Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating!
+Of both would I purchase, were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of
+this latter. To clap on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were
+Anywhere, straightway to be _There_! Next to clap on your other felt,
+and, simply by wishing that you were _Anywhen_, straightway to be
+_Then_! This were indeed the grander: shooting at will from the
+Fire-Creation of the World to its Fire-Consummation; here historically
+present in the First Century, conversing face to face with Paul and
+Seneca; there prophetically in the Thirty-first, conversing also face to
+face with other Pauls and Senecas, who as yet stand hidden in the depth
+of that late Time!
+
+"Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable? Is the Past
+annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only
+future? Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already
+answer: already through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded
+summonest both Past and Future, and communest with them, though as yet
+darkly, and with mute beckonings. The curtains of Yesterday drop down,
+the curtains of To-morrow roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both
+_are_. Pierce through the Time-element, glance into the Eternal. Believe
+what thou findest written in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all
+Thinkers, in all ages, have devoutly read it there: that Time and Space
+are not God, but creations of God; that with God as it is a universal
+HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+
+"And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?--O Heaven! Is the
+white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+journeyed on alone,--but a pale spectral Illusion! Is the lost Friend
+still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with
+God!--know of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are
+perishable; that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and
+whatever will be, is even now and forever. This, should it unhappily
+seem new, thou mayest ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years,
+or the next twenty centuries: believe it thou must; understand it thou
+canst not.
+
+"That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are
+sent into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole
+Practical reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings,
+seems altogether fit, just, and unavoidable. But that they should,
+furthermore, usurp such sway over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind
+us to the wonder everywhere lying close on us, seems nowise so. Admit
+Space and Time to their due rank as Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou
+wilt, to their quite undue rank of Realities: and consider, then,
+with thyself how their thin disguises hide from us the brightest
+God-effulgences! Thus, were it not miraculous, could I stretch forth my
+hand and clutch the Sun? Yet thou seest me daily stretch forth my hand
+and therewith clutch many a thing, and swing it hither and thither.
+Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy that the Miracle lies in miles of
+distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of weight; and not to see that the
+true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle lies in this, that I can stretch
+forth my hand at all; that I have free Force to clutch aught therewith?
+Innumerable other of this sort are the deceptions, and wonder-hiding
+stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+
+"Still worse is it with regard to Time. Your grand anti-magician,
+and universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time. Had we but the
+Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves
+in a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and
+feats of Magic, were outdone. But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and
+man, poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without
+one.
+
+"Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre? Yet tell me, Who built
+these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+dance along from the _Steinbruch_ (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and
+Ionic pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets? Was it not
+the still higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the
+divine Music of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man? Our highest Orpheus
+walked in Judea, eighteen hundred years ago: his sphere-melody, flowing
+in wild native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and,
+being of a truth sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now
+with thousand-fold accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our
+hearts; and modulates, and divinely leads them. Is that a wonder, which
+happens in two hours; and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in
+two million? Not only was Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but
+without the music of some inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no
+work that man glories in ever done.
+
+"Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from
+the near moving-cause to its far distant Mover: The stroke that came
+transmitted through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a
+stroke than if the last ball only had been struck, and sent flying? Oh,
+could I (with the Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from
+the Beginnings, to the Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy
+heart set flaming in the Light-sea of celestial wonder! Then sawest thou
+that this fair Universe, were it in the meanest province thereof, is in
+very deed the star-domed City of God; that through every star, through
+every grass-blade, and most through every Living Soul, the glory of a
+present God still beams. But Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God,
+and reveals Him to the wise, hides Him from the foolish.
+
+"Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic
+Ghost? The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could
+not, though he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and
+tapped on coffins. Foolish Doctor! Did he never, with the mind's eye
+as well as with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human
+Life he so loved; did he never so much as look into Himself? The
+good Doctor was a Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish;
+well-nigh a million of Ghosts were travelling the streets by his
+side. Once more I say, sweep away the illusion of Time; compress the
+threescore years into three minutes: what else was he, what else are we?
+Are we not Spirits, that are shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and
+that fade away again into air and Invisibility? This is no metaphor, it
+is a simple scientific _fact_: we start out of Nothingness, take
+figure, and are Apparitions; round us, as round the veriest spectre, is
+Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as years and aeons. Come there not
+tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial harp-strings, like the Song
+of beatified Souls? And again, do not we squeak and gibber (in our
+discordant, screech-owlish debatings and recriminatings); and glide
+bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar (_poltern_), and revel in
+our mad Dance of the Dead,--till the scent of the morning air summons us
+to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake and Day? Where now
+is Alexander of Macedon: does the steel Host, that yelled in fierce
+battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or have they all
+vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must? Napoleon too, and
+his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns! Was it all other than the
+veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that made
+Night hideous, flitted away?--Ghosts! There are nigh a thousand million
+walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have vanished
+from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks once.
+
+"O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only
+carry each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts!
+These Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with
+its burning Passion? They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered
+round our ME: wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence
+is to be revealed in the Flesh. That warrior on his strong war-horse,
+fire flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart: but
+warrior and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more.
+Stately they tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance: fool! the
+Earth is but a film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink
+beyond plummet's sounding. Plummet's? Fantasy herself will not follow
+them. A little while ago, they were not; a little while, and they are
+not, their very ashes are not.
+
+"So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end. Generation
+after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing
+from Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS. What Force and
+Fire is in each he expends: one grinding in the mill of Industry; one
+hunter-like climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly
+dashed in pieces on the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:--and
+then the Heaven-sent is recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away,
+and soon even to Sense becomes a vanished Shadow. Thus, like some
+wild-flaming, wild-thundering train of Heaven's Artillery, does this
+mysterious MANKIND thunder and flame, in long-drawn, quick-succeeding
+grandeur, through the unknown Deep. Thus, like a God-created,
+fire-breathing Spirit-host, we emerge from the Inane; haste stormfully
+across the astonished Earth; then plunge again into the Inane. Earth's
+mountains are levelled, and her seas filled up, in our passage: can the
+Earth, which is but dead and a vision, resist Spirits which have reality
+and are alive? On the hardest adamant some footprint of us is stamped
+in; the last Rear of the host will read traces of the earliest Van. But
+whence?--O Heaven whither? Sense knows not; Faith knows not; only that
+it is through Mystery to Mystery, from God and to God.
+
+                        'We _are such stuff_
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+
+Here, then, arises the so momentous question: Have many British Readers
+actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy
+of Clothes now at last opening around them? Long and adventurous has the
+journey been: from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+themselves! And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+divided from what is unchangeable? Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in
+_Faust_,--
+
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+
+or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician,
+Shakespeare,--
+
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+
+begin to have some meaning for us? In a word, do we at length stand
+safe in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that
+Phoenix Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears
+possible, is seen to be inevitable?
+
+Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor,
+by Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope,
+that many have travelled without accident. No firm arch, overspanning
+the Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only,
+as was said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon.
+Alas, and the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck
+character; the darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+
+Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage,
+in spite of all? Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+courage. By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout;
+the hand can stretch itself forth to work there: it is in this grand and
+indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according
+to ability. New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built;
+nay, may not our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and
+repassings, be mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable
+even for the halt?
+
+Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous
+and full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no
+longer by our side? The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar
+off, in unsympathetic astonishment, at our career: not a few, pressing
+forward with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now
+swim weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards
+that. To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some
+word of encouragement be said.
+
+Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance
+Teufelsdrockh unhappily has somewhat infected us,--can it be hidden from
+the Editor that many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in
+head, and afflicted rather than instructed by the present Work?
+Yes, long ago has many a British Reader been, as now, demanding with
+something like a snarl: Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in
+it?
+
+In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in
+it; but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat. Nevertheless,
+if through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means
+of him, have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the
+Clothes-Screen, as through a magical _Pierre-Pertuis_, thou lookest,
+even for moments, into the region of the Wonderful, and seest and
+feelest that thy daily life is girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder,
+and thy very blankets and breeches are Miracles,--then art thou profited
+beyond money's worth; and hast a thankfulness towards our Professor;
+nay, perhaps in many a literary Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and
+audibly express that same.
+
+Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes;
+and thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh
+cutting into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness
+of Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly
+a Vesture and Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are
+articles of wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)? In which case,
+must it not also be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one,
+and may with infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit:
+that it takes scientific rank beside Codification, and Political
+Economy, and the Theory of the British Constitution; nay rather,
+from its prophetic height looks down on all these, as on so many
+weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where the Vestures which _it_ has
+to fashion, and consecrate, and distribute, are, too often by haggard
+hungry operatives who see no farther than their nose, mechanically woven
+and spun?
+
+But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural
+Supernaturalism, and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or
+Transcendental portion of the Science, or bears never so remotely on
+that promised Volume of the _Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft_
+(Newbirth of Society),--we humbly suggest that no province of
+Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is without its direct value,
+but that innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn
+therefrom. To say nothing of those pregnant considerations, ethical,
+political, symbolical, which crowd on the Clothes-Philosopher from the
+very threshold of his Science; nothing even of those "architectural
+ideas," which, as we have seen, lurk at the bottom of all Modes,
+and will one day, better unfolding themselves, lead to important
+revolutions,--let us glance for a moment, and with the faintest light
+of Clothes-Philosophy, on what may be called the Habilatory Class of our
+fellow-men. Here too overlooking, where so much were to be looked on,
+the million spinners, weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers,
+that puddle and muddle in their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and
+die that we may live,--let us but turn the reader's attention upon
+two small divisions of mankind, who, like moths, may be regarded as
+Cloth-animals, creatures that live, move and have their being in Cloth:
+we mean, Dandies and Tailors.
+
+In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without
+scruple, that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at
+fault; and even that the dictates of humanity are violated. As will
+perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+
+First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific
+strictness, what a Dandy specially is. A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing
+Man, a Man whose trade, office and existence consists in the wearing
+of Clothes. Every faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is
+heroically consecrated to this one object, the wearing of Clothes
+wisely and well: so that as others dress to live, he lives to dress.
+The all-importance of Clothes, which a German Professor, of unequalled
+learning and acumen, writes his enormous Volume to demonstrate, has
+sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without effort, like an
+instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of Cloth. What
+Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with him; and
+this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or wring his
+heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+
+But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea
+an Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a
+witness and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes. We called him
+a Poet: is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes,
+with cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow? Say,
+rather, an Epos, and _Clotha Virumque cano_, to the whole world, in
+Macaronic verses, which he that runs may read. Nay, if you grant, what
+seems to be admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in
+him, and some notions of Time and Space, is there not in this
+life-devotedness to Cloth, in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal
+to the Perishable, something (though in reverse order) of that blending
+and identification of Eternity with Time, which, as we have seen,
+constitutes the Prophetic character?
+
+And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+what is it that the Dandy asks in return? Solely, we may say, that you
+would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays
+of light. Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has
+already secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes.
+Understand his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret
+it; do but look at him, and he is contented. May we not well cry shame
+on an ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will
+waste its optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and
+over the domestic wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with
+hasty indifference, and a scarcely concealed contempt! Him no Zoologist
+classes among the Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care: when did we
+see any injected Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen
+of him preserved in spirits! Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a
+snuff-brown suit, with snuff-brown shirt and shoes: it skills not; the
+undiscerning public, occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless
+on the other side.
+
+The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly
+speaking, gone. Yet perhaps only gone to sleep: for here arises the
+Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and
+the other! Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the
+essential nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that
+lies in him, cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable
+hallucination. The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh
+may set the matter, if not in its true light, yet in the way towards
+such. It is to be regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere,
+the Professor's keen philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a
+certain mixture of almost owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse,
+ineffectual, ironic tendency; our readers shall judge which:--
+
+
+"In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good
+men, looking and longing and silently working there towards some new
+Revelation; or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied
+soul seeking its terrestrial organization,--into how many strange
+shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and
+errantly cast itself! The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the
+while without Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly
+active, and work blindly in the great chaotic deep: thus Sect after
+Sect, and Church after Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into
+new metamorphosis.
+
+"Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements
+(of Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and
+monstrosities are best generated. Among the newer Sects of that country,
+one of the most notable, and closely connected with our present subject,
+is that of the _Dandies_; concerning which, what little information I
+have been able to procure may fitly stand here.
+
+"It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps
+rather a Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the
+psychologic eye its devotional and even sacrificial character
+plainly enough reveals itself. Whether it belongs to the class of
+Fetish-worships, or of Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other
+class, may in the present state of our intelligence remain undecided
+(_schweben_). A certain touch of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic
+shape, is discernible enough; also (for human Error walks in a cycle,
+and reappears at intervals) a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that
+Superstition of the Athos Monks, who by fasting from all nourishment,
+and looking intensely for a length of time into their own navels, came
+to discern therein the true Apocalypse of Nature, and Heaven Unveiled.
+To my own surmise, it appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new
+modification, adapted to the new time, of that primeval Superstition,
+_Self-worship_; which Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee, Mahomet, and others,
+strove rather to subordinate and restrain than to eradicate; and which
+only in the purer forms of Religion has been altogether rejected.
+Wherefore, if any one chooses to name it revived Ahrimanism, or a new
+figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so far as is yet visible, no objection.
+
+"For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect,
+display courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's
+nature, though never so enslaved. They affect great purity and
+separatism; distinguish themselves by a particular costume (whereof some
+notices were given in the earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so
+far as possible, by a particular speech (apparently some broken
+_Lingua-franca_, or English-French); and, on the whole, strive to
+maintain a true Nazarene deportment, and keep themselves unspotted from
+the world.
+
+"They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+stands in their metropolis; and is named _Almack's_, a word of
+uncertain etymology. They worship principally by night; and have their
+High-priests and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for
+life. The rites, by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps
+with an Eleusinian or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret.
+Nor are Sacred Books wanting to the Sect; these they call _Fashionable
+Novels_: however, the Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and
+others not.
+
+"Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some
+samples; and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an
+Inquirer into Clothes, set to interpret and study them. But wholly to
+no purpose: that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not
+refuse me credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught.
+In vain that I summoned my whole energies (_mich weidlich anstrengte_),
+and did my very utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly
+seized with not so much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind
+of infinite, unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to
+which the frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened. And
+if I strove to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there
+came a hitherto unfelt sensation, as of _Delirium Tremens_, and a
+melting into total deliquium: till at last, by order of the Doctor,
+dreading ruin to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties, and a
+general breaking up of the constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly
+forbore. Was there some miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls,
+and supernal and infernal prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish
+Mysteries, have also more than once scared back the Alien? Be this as
+it may, such failure on my part, after best efforts, must excuse the
+imperfection of this sketch; altogether incomplete, yet the completest I
+could give of a Sect too singular to be omitted.
+
+"Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+private individual, to open another _Fashionable Novel_. But luckily,
+in this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+deliverance is held out to me. Round one of those Book-packages, which
+the _Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung_ is in the habit of importing
+from England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets
+(_Maculatur-blatter_), by way of interior wrappage: into these the
+Clothes-Philosopher, with a certain Mahometan reverence even for
+waste-paper, where curious knowledge will sometimes hover, disdains not
+to cast his eye. Readers may judge of his astonishment when on such
+a defaced stray-sheet, probably the outcast fraction of some English
+Periodical, such as they name _Magazine_, appears something like a
+Dissertation on this very subject of _Fashionable Novels_! It sets out,
+indeed, chiefly from a Secular point of view; directing itself, not
+without asperity, against some to me unknown individual named _Pelham_,
+who seems to be a Mystagogue, and leading Teacher and Preacher of the
+Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise was not to be expected in such a
+fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true secret, the Religious physiognomy
+and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is nowise laid fully open there.
+Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time to time sparkle out, whereby
+I have endeavored to profit. Nay, in one passage selected from the
+Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever they are (for the style
+seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what appears to be a
+Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the tenets of
+that Sect. Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as proceeding
+from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven distinct
+Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+therewith taking leave of this matter. Observe also, that to avoid
+possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+Original:--
+
+ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+
+'1. Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+
+'2. The collar is a very important point: it should be low behind, and
+slightly rolled.
+
+'3. No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+
+'4. There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+
+'5. The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than
+in his rings.
+
+'6. It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear
+white waistcoats.
+
+'7. The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+
+"All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+
+"In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British
+Sect, originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat
+still is; but known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere
+rapidly spreading. As this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books,
+it remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which
+has published Books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate
+to read. The members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity
+of names, according to their various places of establishment: in England
+they are generally called the _Drudge_ Sect; also, unphilosophically
+enough, the _White Negroes_; and, chiefly in scorn by those of other
+communions, the _Ragged-Beggar_ Sect. In Scotland, again, I find them
+entitled _Hallanshakers_, or the _Stook of Duds_ Sect; any individual
+communicant is named _Stook of Duds_ (that is, Shock of Rags), in
+allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in Ireland,
+which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go by a perplexing
+multiplicity of designations, such as _Bogtrotters, Redshanks,
+Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood, Rockites,
+Poor-Slaves_: which last, however, seems to be the primary and generic
+name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary species,
+or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the parent
+stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+here loss of time to dwell on. Enough for us to understand, what seems
+indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the _Poor-Slaves_;
+whose doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and
+animate the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+
+"The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood: how the Universe,
+and Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish
+Poor-Slave; with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the
+Future, round on the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely
+difficult to specify. Something Monastic there appears to be in their
+Constitution: we find them bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty
+and Obedience; which vows, especially the former, it is said, they
+observe with great strictness; nay, as I have understood it, they are
+pledged, and be it by any solemn Nazarene ordination or not, irrevocably
+consecrated thereto, even _before_ birth. That the third Monastic
+Vow, of Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I find no ground to
+conjecture.
+
+"Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+principle of wearing a peculiar Costume. Of which Irish Poor-Slave
+Costume no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for
+this reason, that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem
+describable. Their raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets
+and irregular wings, of all cloths and of all colors; through the
+labyrinthic intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some
+unknown process. It is fastened together by a multiplex combination of
+buttons, thrums and skewers; to which frequently is added a girdle of
+leather, of hempen or even of straw rope, round the loins. To straw
+rope, indeed, they seem partial, and often wear it by way of sandals.
+In head-dress they affect a certain freedom: hats with partial brim,
+without crown, or with only a loose, hinged, or valve crown; in the
+former case, they sometimes invert the hat, and wear it brim uppermost,
+like a university-cap, with what view is unknown.
+
+"The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+origin: not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character.
+One might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth: for they dig
+and affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in
+private Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from
+her; seldom looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with
+comparative indifference. Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live
+in dark dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they
+find such, and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other
+opaque substances, till the fit obscurity is restored. Again, like all
+followers of Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an
+enthusiasm rising to ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet
+in sod cottages.
+
+"In respect of diet, they have also their observances. All Poor-Slaves
+are Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use
+Salted Herrings: other animal food they abstain from; except indeed,
+with perhaps some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling,
+such animals as die a natural death. Their universal sustenance is the
+root named Potato, cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment
+or relish of any kind, save an unknown condiment named _Point_, into
+the meaning of which I have vainly inquired; the victual
+_Potatoes-and-Point_ not appearing, at least not with specific accuracy
+of description, in any European Cookery-Book whatever. For drink, they
+use, with an almost epigrammatic counterpoise of taste, Milk, which
+is the mildest of liquors, and _Potheen_, which is the fiercest. This
+latter I have tasted, as well as the English _Blue-Ruin_, and the Scotch
+_Whiskey_, analogous fluids used by the Sect in those countries:
+it evidently contains some form of alcohol, in the highest state of
+concentration, though disguised with acrid oils; and is, on the whole,
+the most pungent substance known to me,--indeed, a perfect liquid
+fire. In all their Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said to be an
+indispensable requisite, and largely consumed.
+
+"An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself
+under the to me unmeaning title of _The late John Bernard_, offers
+the following sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof,
+though such is not stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.
+Thereby shall my German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it
+were with their own eyes; and even see him at meat. Moreover, in the
+so precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned, I have found some
+corresponding picture of a Dandiacal Household, painted by that same
+Dandiacal Mystagogue, or Theogonist: this also, by way of counterpart
+and contrast, the world shall look into.
+
+"First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been
+a species of Innkeeper. I quote from the original:
+
+
+POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin. There was
+a Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and
+the space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for
+their cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests. On entering the
+house we discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner: the father
+sitting at the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side,
+of a large oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a
+trough, to receive the contents of their Pot of Potatoes. Little holes
+were cut at equal distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on
+the table: all the luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes
+were dispensed with.' The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he
+says, broad-backed, black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth
+from ear to ear. His Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and
+his young ones, bare and chubby, had the appetite of ravens. Of their
+Philosophical or Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+
+"But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:--
+
+
+DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs
+and ottomans of the same hue. Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on
+each side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet. Several
+Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a
+smaller table of mother-of-pearl: opposite to these are placed the
+appurtenances of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver. A Wardrobe
+of Buhl is on the left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover
+a profusion of Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize
+the lower shelves. Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight
+glimpse of a Bath-room. Folding-doors in the background.--Enter the
+Author,' our Theogonist in person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French
+Valet, in white silk Jacket and cambric Apron.'
+
+"Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country. To
+the eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with
+the elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling. These two
+principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish
+or Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do
+as yet indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable
+shapes: nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications,
+they extend through the entire structure of Society, and work
+unweariedly in the secret depths of English national Existence; striving
+to separate and isolate it into two contradictory, uncommunicating
+masses.
+
+"In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges,
+it would seem, are hourly increasing. The Dandiacal, again, is by nature
+no proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and
+is strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet
+no rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+affiliations. If, indeed, there were to arise a _Communion of Drudges_,
+as there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would
+follow therefrom! Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism: but
+perhaps the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought
+to look down, and which up, is not so distant.
+
+"To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+there be none left to enlist on either side. Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body: the Drudges,
+gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will
+form another. I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless
+boiling Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm
+land: as yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells,
+which man's art might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily
+widening: they are hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep,
+over which your firm land is but a thin crust or rind! Thus daily is
+the intermediate land crumbling in, daily the empire of the two
+Buchan-Bullers extending; till now there is but a foot-plank, a mere
+film of Land between them; this too is washed away: and then--we have
+the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's Deluge is out-deluged!
+
+"Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled
+Electric Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries
+of opposite quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one
+attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity
+of the nation (namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy
+with the Negative (that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.
+Hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters: but wait
+a little, till the entire nation is in an electric state: till your
+whole vital Electricity, no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two
+isolated portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger);
+and stands there bottled up in two World-Batteries! The stirring of a
+child's finger brings the two together; and then--What then? The Earth
+is but shivered into impalpable smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the
+Sun misses one of his Planets in Space, and thenceforth there are no
+eclipses of the Moon.--Or better still, I might liken"--
+
+Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which,
+truly, it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the
+more.
+
+We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion:
+but never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort
+his otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the _Dandiacal Body_!
+Or was there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer
+not quite the blinkard he affects to be? Of an ordinary mortal we should
+have decisively answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh
+there ever hovers some shade of doubt. In the mean while, if satire were
+actually intended, the case is little better. There are not wanting men
+who will answer: Does your Professor take us for simpletons? His irony
+has overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI. TAILORS.
+
+Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently
+drawn; and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors. On this latter
+our opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself,
+as expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore,
+we willingly give place. Let him speak his own last words, in his own
+way:--
+
+
+"Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding
+fight of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van,
+and thrones be hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch
+of Iniquity have his victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs,
+before Tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood,
+and this last wound of suffering Humanity be closed.
+
+"If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us,
+here might we indeed pause and wonder. An idea has gone abroad, and
+fixed itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a
+distinct species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a
+Man. Call any one a _Schneider_ (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our
+dislocated, hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society,
+equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity? The epithet
+_schneidermassig_ (tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable
+degree of pusillanimity; we introduce a _Tailor's-Melancholy_, more
+opprobrious than any Leprosy, into our Books of Medicine; and fable I
+know not what of his generating it by living on Cabbage. Why should I
+speak of Hans Sachs (himself a Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor),
+with his _Schneider mit dem Panier_? Why of Shakspeare, in his _Taming
+of the Shrew_, and elsewhere? Does it not stand on record that the
+English Queen Elizabeth, receiving a deputation of Eighteen Tailors,
+addressed them with a 'Good morning, gentlemen both!' Did not the same
+virago boast that she had a Cavalry Regiment, whereof neither horse nor
+man could be injured; her Regiment, namely, of Tailors on Mares? Thus
+everywhere is the falsehood taken for granted, and acted on as an
+indisputable fact.
+
+"Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it
+is disputable or not? Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+sartorius? Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured
+to perform? Can he not arrest for debt? Is he not in most countries a
+taxpaying animal?
+
+"To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is
+mine. Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural
+Inquiries, is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated
+towards a higher Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen
+forecast of genius, dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear
+light: that the Tailor is not only a Man, but something of a Creator or
+Divinity. Of Franklin it was said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from
+Heaven and the Sceptre from Kings:' but which is greater, I would ask,
+he that lends, or he that snatches? For, looking away from individual
+cases, and how a Man is by the Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and
+clothed not only with Wool but with Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,--is
+not the fair fabric of Society itself, with all its royal mantles and
+pontifical stoles, whereby, from nakedness and dismemberment, we are
+organized into Polities, into nations, and a whole co-operating Mankind,
+the creation, as has here been often irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor
+alone?--What too are all Poets and moral Teachers, but a species of
+Metaphorical Tailors? Touching which high Guild the greatest living
+Guild-brother has triumphantly asked us: 'Nay if thou wilt have it,
+who but the Poet first made Gods for men; brought them down to us; and
+raised us up to them?'
+
+"And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his
+Shopboard, the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!
+Look up, thou much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope,
+and prophetic bodings of a noble better time. Too long hast thou sat
+there, on crossed legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some
+sacred Anchorite, or Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down
+Heaven's richest blessings, for a world that scoffed at thee. Be of
+hope! Already streaks of blue peer through our clouds; the thick gloom
+of Ignorance is rolling asunder, and it will be Day. Mankind will
+repay with interest their long-accumulated debt: the Anchorite that was
+scoffed at will be worshipped; the Fraction will become not an Integer
+only, but a Square and Cube. With astonishment the world will recognize
+that the Tailor is its Hierophant and Hierarch, or even its God.
+
+"As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which
+the Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:
+How many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this
+Arabian Whinstone!
+
+"Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in
+the Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood
+written that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;'
+and stood painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and
+between the knees these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. Was not
+this the martyr prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet
+sighing towards deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better
+day? A day of justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to
+man, and the Scissors become forever venerable.
+
+"Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in
+vain. It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and
+shed asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived
+this Work on Clothes: the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has
+already, after long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so
+large a section of my Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion
+may here find its conclusion."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL.
+
+So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more
+like a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for
+his fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them
+separately on a cover of our own. A laborious, perhaps a thankless
+enterprise; in which, however, something of hope has occasionally
+cheered us, and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether
+without satisfaction. If hereby, though in barbaric wise, some morsel
+of spiritual nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our
+beloved British world, what nobler recompense could the Editor desire?
+If it prove otherwise, why should he murmur? Was not this a Task which
+Destiny, in any case, had appointed him; which having now done with, he
+sees his general Day's-work so much the lighter, so much the shorter?
+
+
+Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without
+a mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval. Who will
+not regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher
+walks of Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a
+rummaging among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels,
+where lost rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests?
+Regret is unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time. To cure him of his
+mad humors British Criticism would essay in vain: enough for her if she
+can, by vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves. What
+a result, should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of
+writing, not to say of thinking, become general among our Literary men!
+As it might so easily do. Thus has not the Editor himself, working over
+Teufelsdrockh's German, lost much of his own English purity? Even as
+the smaller whirlpool is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along
+with it, so has the lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become
+portion of the greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively: which
+habit time and assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+
+Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any
+reader that can part with him in declared enmity? Let us confess, there
+is that in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost
+attaches us. His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man
+who had said to Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not
+be; and to Truth, Be thou in place of all to me: a man who had
+manfully defied the "Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps,
+Hannibal-like, was mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare,
+and now stood minded to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places,
+at all times. In such a cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack
+Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+
+Still the question returns on us: How could a man occasionally of keen
+insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+absurd? Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+satisfactorily answer. Our conjecture has sometimes been, that
+perhaps Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it. Seems it
+not conceivable that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much
+bountifully given by Nature had in Practice failed and misgone,
+Literature also would never rightly prosper: that striving with his
+characteristic vehemence to paint this and the other Picture, and ever
+without success, he at last desperately dashes his sponge, full of all
+colors, against the canvas, to try whether it will paint Foam? With all
+his stillness, there were perhaps in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough
+for this.
+
+A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty. It is, that
+Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a
+wish to proselytize. How often already have we paused, uncertain whether
+the basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair,
+or Love and Hope only seared into the figure of these! Remarkable,
+moreover, is this saying of his: "How were Friendship possible? In
+mutual devotedness to the Good and True: otherwise impossible; except
+as Armed Neutrality, or hollow Commercial League. A man, be the Heavens
+ever praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in
+Love, capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail
+in. Infinite is the help man can yield to man." And now in conjunction
+therewith consider this other: "It is the Night of the World, and still
+long till it be Day: we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and
+the Sun and the Stars of Heaven are as if blotted out for a season;
+and two immeasurable Phantoms, HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul,
+SENSUALITY, stalk abroad over the Earth, and call it theirs: well at
+ease are the Sleepers for whom Existence is a shallow Dream."
+
+But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality? Should not
+these unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?--In
+which case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous
+Pitch-pan, which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had
+kindled, that it might flame far and wide through the Night, and many
+a disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a Brother's
+bosom!--We say as before, with all his malign Indifference, who knows
+what mad Hopes this man may harbor?
+
+Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other
+men, might as good as altogether subvert it. Namely, that while the
+Beacon-fire blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that
+no pilgrim could now ask him: Watchman, what of the Night? Professor
+Teufelsdrockh, be it known, is no longer visibly present at
+Weissnichtwo, but again to all appearance lost in space! Some time ago,
+the Hofrath Heuschrecke was pleased to favor us with another copious
+Epistle; wherein much is said about the "Population-Institute;" much
+repeated in praise of the Paper-bag Documents, the hieroglyphic nature
+of which our Hofrath still seems not to have surmised; and, lastly,
+the strangest occurrence communicated, to us for the first time, in the
+following paragraph:--
+
+"_Ew. Wohlgeboren_ will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+disappearance of her Sage. Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves
+by what mystery he went away! But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or
+affects the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance: in the
+Wahngasse all lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself
+can hitherto elicit no answer.
+
+"It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those
+Parisian Three Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear
+in Weissnichtwo, Herr Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the _Gans_ or
+elsewhere, to have spoken, for a whole week, any syllable except once
+these three: _Es geht an_ (It is beginning). Shortly after, as _Ew.
+Wohlgeboren_ knows, was the public tranquillity here, as in
+Berlin, threatened by a Sedition of the Tailors. Nor did there want
+Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate Alarmists, who asserted that the
+closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was to blame. In this appalling
+crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was indescribable: nay, perhaps
+through one humble individual, something thereof might pass into the
+_Rath_ (Council) itself, and so contribute to the country's deliverance.
+The Tailors are now entirely pacificated.--
+
+"To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss: yet still
+comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics. For
+example, when the _Saint-Simonian Society_ transmitted its Propositions
+hither, and the whole _Gans_ was one vast cackle of laughter,
+lamentation and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end of the
+third evening said merely: 'Here also are men who have discovered, not
+without amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high, long-forgotten
+Truth you already see them make a false application.' Since then, as has
+been ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there passed at
+least one Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs Bazard-Enfantin
+and our Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be conjectured. On
+the fifth night following, he was seen for the last time!
+
+"Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or
+did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them,
+and confront them? Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to
+believe the Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere
+long he will himself give a sign. Otherwise, indeed, his archives must,
+one day, be opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the _Palingenesie_
+itself, is thought to be reposited."
+
+
+Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+
+So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced
+to an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were
+only beginning? We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has
+melted into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other. May
+Time, which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this
+also! Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is
+that, safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+
+Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen. Well does he know,
+if human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so
+much, not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective. For
+which, as for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers? To
+one and all of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and
+open heart, will wave a kind farewell. Thou too, miraculous Entity,
+who namest thyself YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and
+genialities, with thy all too Irish mirth and madness, and odor of
+palled punch, makest such strange work, farewell; long as thou canst,
+_fare-well_! Have we not, in the course of Eternity, travelled some
+months of our Life-journey in partial sight of one another; have we not
+existed together, though in a state of quarrel?
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental,
+could not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;--and had
+at last to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit by
+bit, in some courageous _Magazine_ that offered. Whereby now, to
+certain idly curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the
+insignificant but at last irritating question, What its real history and
+chronology are, is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+
+To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American
+had now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the
+title, "_Testimonies of Authors_," some straggle of real documents,
+which, now that I find it again, sets the matter into clear light and
+sequence:--and shall here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and
+nugatory guessings from the path of every reader, be reprinted as it
+stood. (_Author's Note, of_ 1868.)
+
+
+TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS.
+
+I. HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+
+_Taster to Bookseller_.--"The Author of _Teufelsdrockh_ is a person of
+talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of thought and
+expression, considerable fancy and knowledge: but whether or not it
+would take with the public seems doubtful. For a _jeu d'esprit_ of that
+kind it is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or article
+than as a volume. The Author has no great tact; his wit is frequently
+heavy; and reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping on
+tables and answered that he was learning to be lively. _Is_ the work a
+translation?"
+
+_Bookseller to Editor_.--"Allow me to say that such a writer requires
+only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able work.
+Directly on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a gentleman in
+the highest class of men of letters, and an accomplished German scholar:
+I now enclose you his opinion, which, you may rely upon it, is a just
+one; and I have too high an opinion of your good sense to" &c. &c.--_Ms.
+(penes nos), London, 17th September_, 1831.
+
+
+II. CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+
+"_Fraser's Magazine_ exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the" &c.
+
+"_Sartor Resartus_ is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by
+thought and striking poetic vigor. But what does the writer mean by
+'Baphometic fire-baptism'? Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and
+write so as to make himself generally intelligible? We quote by way
+of curiosity a sentence from the _Sartor Resartus_; which may be read
+either backwards or forwards, for it is equally intelligible either
+way: indeed, by beginning at the tail, and so working up to the head,
+we think the reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its
+meaning: 'The fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven,
+here feels its own freedom; which feeling is its Baphometic baptism:
+the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and
+will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions, not
+indeed without hard battering, will doubtless by degrees be conquered
+and pacificated.' Here is a"...--_Sun Newspaper, 1st April_, 1834.
+
+
+III. NORTH--AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+
+... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no
+such persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever
+existed; that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions
+and multifarious contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the
+'present Editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the
+Philosophy of Clothes; and that the _Sartor Resartus_ is the only
+treatise that has yet appeared upon that subject;--in short, that the
+whole account of the origin of the work before us, which the supposed
+Editor relates with so much gravity, and of which we have given a brief
+abstract, is, in plain English, a _hum_.
+
+"Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all
+other information on the subject, except what is contained in the work,
+is itself a fact of a most significant character. The whole German
+press, as well as the particular one where the work purports to have
+been printed, seems to be under the control of _Stillschweigen and Co.
+_--Silence and Company. If the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are
+making so great a sensation throughout Germany as is pretended, how
+happens it that the only notice we have of the fact is contained in a
+few numbers of a monthly Magazine published at London! How happens it
+that no intelligence about the matter has come out directly to this
+country? We pique ourselves here in New England upon knowing at least
+as much of what is going on in the literary way in the old Dutch
+Mother-land as our brethren of the fast-anchored Isle; but thus far
+we have no tidings whatever of the 'extensive close-printed,
+close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject of this pretended
+commentary. Again, we would respectfully inquire of the 'present Editor'
+upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for the city of
+_Weissnichtwo_--'Know-not-where'--at which place the work is supposed
+to have been printed, and the Author to have resided. It has been
+our fortune to visit several portions of the German territory, and to
+examine pretty carefully, at different times and for various purposes,
+maps of the whole; but we have no recollection of any such place. We
+suspect that the city of _Know-not-where_ might be called, with at
+least as much propriety, _Nobody-knows-where_, and is to be
+found in the kingdom of _Nowhere_. Again, the village of
+_Entepfuhl_--'Duck-pond'--where the supposed Author of the work is said
+to have passed his youth, and that of _Hinterschlag_, where he had his
+education, are equally foreign to our geography. Duck-ponds enough there
+undoubtedly are in almost every village in Germany, as the traveller
+in that country knows too well to his cost, but any particular village
+denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether _terra incognita_. The names
+of the personages are not less singular than those of the places.
+Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking together of such a pair of
+appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh? The supposed bearer of
+this strange title is represented as admitting, in his pretended
+autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all the
+Heralds' books in and without the German empire, and through all manner
+of Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,'
+but had nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as
+appended to his own person.' We can readily believe this, and we doubt
+very much whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a
+son to carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title. That of
+Counsellor Heuschrecke--'Grasshopper'--though not offensive, looks much
+more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.'
+The same may be said of _Blumine_--'Flower-Goddess'--the heroine of the
+fable; and so of the rest.
+
+"In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the
+whole story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of
+Nobody-knows-where, a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor
+Grasshopper, a Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as
+much foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of Sir John
+Herschel's discoveries in the moon. Fictions of this kind are, however,
+not uncommon, and ought not, perhaps, to be condemned with too much
+severity; but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence
+in regard to the attempt, which seems to be made to mislead the public
+as to the substance of the work before us, and its pretended German
+original. Both purport, as we have seen, to be upon the subject of
+Clothes, or dress. _Clothes, their Origin and Influence_, is the title
+of the supposed German treatise of Professor Teufelsdrockh and the
+rather odd name of _Sartor Resartus_--the Tailor Patched--which the
+present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary, seems to look
+the same way. But though there is a good deal of remark throughout the
+work in a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it seems to be in
+reality a treatise upon the great science of Things in General, which
+Teufelsdrockh, is supposed to have professed at the university of
+Nobody-knows-where. Now, without intending to adopt a too rigid standard
+of morals, we own that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to
+the public a treatise on Things in General, under the name and in the
+form of an Essay on Dress. For ourselves, advanced as we unfortunately
+are in the journey of life, far beyond the period when dress is
+practically a matter of interest, we have no hesitation in saying,
+that the real subject of the work is to us more attractive than the
+ostensible one. But this is probably not the case with the mass of
+readers. To the younger portion of the community, which constitutes
+everywhere the very great majority, the subject of dress is one of
+intense and paramount importance. An author who treats it appeals, like
+the poet, to the young men end maddens--_virginibus puerisque_--and
+calls upon them, by all the motives which habitually operate most
+strongly upon their feelings, to buy his book. When, after opening their
+purses for this purpose, they have carried home the work in triumph,
+expecting to find in it some particular instruction in regard to the
+tying of their neckcloths, or the cut of their corsets, and meet with
+nothing better than a dissertation on Things in General, they
+will--to use the mildest term--not be in very good humor. If the last
+improvements in legislation, which we have made in this country, should
+have found their way to England, the author, we think, would stand
+some chance of being _Lynched_. Whether his object in this piece
+of _supercherie_ be merely pecuniary profit, or whether he takes a
+malicious pleasure in quizzing the Dandies, we shall not undertake to
+say. In the latter part of the work, he devotes a separate chapter to
+this class of persons, from the tenor of which we should be disposed
+to conclude, that he would consider any mode of divesting them of their
+property very much in the nature of a spoiling of the Egyptians.
+
+"The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style,
+which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of
+richness, vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression,
+but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the
+German language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere
+result of a great familiarity with German literature; and we cannot,
+therefore, look upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing
+so much evidence of an opposite character."--_North-American Review, No.
+89, October_, 1835.
+
+
+IV. NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+
+"The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons,
+to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets [*] in
+which they first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in
+themselves the assurance of a longer date.
+
+     * _Fraser's_ (London) _Magazine_, 1833-34.
+
+"The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a
+sudden and general popularity. They will not undertake, as there is no
+need, to justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to
+dress his thoughts, or the German idioms with which he has sportively
+sprinkled his pages. It is his humor to advance the gravest speculations
+upon the gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style. If his
+masquerade offend any of his audience, to that degree that they will not
+hear what he has to say, it may chance to draw others to listen to his
+wisdom; and what work of imagination can hope to please all! But we will
+venture to remark that the distaste excited by these peculiarities in
+some readers is greatest at first, and is soon forgotten; and that the
+foreign dress and aspect of the Work are quite superficial, and cover
+a genuine Saxon heart. We believe, no book has been published for many
+years, written in a more sincere style of idiomatic English, or which
+discovers an equal mastery over all the riches of the language. The
+Author makes ample amends for the occasional eccentricity of his genius,
+not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor, but by the wit and sense
+which never fail him.
+
+"But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of
+the Age--we had almost said, of the hour--in which we live; exhibiting
+in the most just and novel light the present aspects of Religion,
+Politics, Literature, Arts, and Social Life. Under all his gayety
+the Writer has an earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into the
+manifold wants and tendencies of human nature, which is very rare among
+our popular authors. The philanthropy and the purity of moral sentiment,
+which inspire the work, will find their way to the heart of every lover
+of virtue."--_Preface to Sartor Resartus: Boston_, 1835, 1837.
+
+
+SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+
+LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the
+printed text. Italicized phrases are delimited by _underscores_.
+Footnotes (there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+paragraphs referencing them.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***
+
+SARTOR RESARTUS:
+
+The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+
+By Thomas Carlyle.
+
+1831
+
+
+
+
+BOOK I.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.
+
+Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch
+of Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or
+less effect, for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times
+especially, not only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely
+than ever, but innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled
+thereat, are also glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest
+cranny or dog-hole in Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,--it might
+strike the reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or
+nothing of a fundamental character, whether in the way of Philosophy or
+History, has been written on the subject of Clothes.
+
+Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect: Lagrange, it is well
+known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not
+have been made on any other scheme. Whereby, at least, our nautical
+Logbooks can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown
+more commodious. Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough: what with the
+labors of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their
+disciples, it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the
+Creation of a World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a
+dumpling; concerning which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom
+the question, _How the apples were got in_, presented difficulties. Why
+mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of
+Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring? Then, have we not a Doctrine
+of Rent, a Theory of Value; Philosophies of Language, of History, of
+Pottery, of Apparitions, of Intoxicating Liquors? Man's whole life and
+environment have been laid open and elucidated; scarcely a fragment
+or fibre of his Soul, Body, and Possessions, but has been probed,
+dissected, distilled, desiccated, and scientifically decomposed: our
+spiritual Faculties, of which it appears there are not a few, have their
+Stewarts, Cousins, Royer Collards: every cellular, vascular, muscular
+Tissue glories in its Lawrences, Majendies, Bichats.
+
+How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand
+Tissue of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite
+overlooked by Science,--the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or
+other cloth; which Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall;
+wherein his whole other Tissues are included and screened, his whole
+Faculties work, his whole Self lives, moves, and has its being? For if,
+now and then, some straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's
+glance into this obscure region, the most have soared over it altogether
+heedless; regarding Clothes as a property, not an accident, as quite
+natural and spontaneous, like the leaves of trees, like the plumage of
+birds. In all speculations they have tacitly figured man as _a Clothed
+Animal_; whereas he is by nature a _Naked Animal_; and only in certain
+circumstances, by purpose and device, masks himself in Clothes.
+Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before and after: the more
+surprising that we do not look round a little, and see what is passing
+under our very eyes.
+
+But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid. It is, after all, a blessing
+that, in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where
+abstract Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy
+of Catholic Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris,
+deafen every French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful
+on his scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude
+here and elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast
+of cow-horn, emit his _Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen_; in
+other words, tell the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what
+o'clock it really is. Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for
+an unprofitable diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where
+nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking
+the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen
+whereby a man himself grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into
+regions of bilberries and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last
+in remote peat-bogs. Of that unwise science, which, as our Humorist
+expresses it,
+
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+
+still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said.
+In so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+consequence. Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe
+has tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited,
+into rare valleys. Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only
+finger-posts and turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers,
+for the mind of man? It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and
+knowledge shall be increased." Surely the plain rule is, Let each
+considerate person have his way, and see what it will lead to. For not
+this man and that man, but all men make up mankind, and their united
+tasks the task of mankind. How often have we seen some such adventurous,
+and perhaps much-censured wanderer light on some out-lying, neglected,
+yet vitally momentous province; the hidden treasures of which he first
+discovered, and kept proclaiming till the general eye and effort were
+directed thither, and the conquest was completed;--thereby, in these
+his seemingly so aimless rambles, planting new standards, founding
+new habitable colonies, in the immeasurable circumambient realm of
+Nothingness and Night! Wise man was he who counselled that Speculation
+should have free course, and look fearlessly towards all the thirty-two
+points of the compass, whithersoever and howsoever it listed.
+
+
+Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how
+our mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a
+political or other immediately practical tendency on all English
+culture and endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,--that this,
+not Philosophy of Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such
+Philosophy, stands here for the first time published in our language.
+What English intellect could have chosen such a topic, or by chance
+stumbled on it? But for that same unshackled, and even sequestered
+condition of the German Learned, which permits and induces them to fish
+in all manner of waters, with all manner of nets, it seems probable
+enough, this abtruse Inquiry might, in spite of the results it leads
+to, have continued dormant for indefinite periods. The Editor of these
+sheets, though otherwise boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative
+habits, and perhaps discursive enough, is free to confess, that never,
+till these last months, did the above very plain considerations, on our
+total want of a Philosophy of Clothes, occur to him; and then, by quite
+foreign suggestion. By the arrival, namely, of a new Book from Professor
+Teufelsdrockh of Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of this subject,
+and in a style which, whether understood or not, could not even by the
+blindest be overlooked. In the present Editor's way of thought, this
+remarkable Treatise, with its Doctrines, whether as judicially acceded
+to, or judicially denied, has not remained without effect.
+
+"_Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken_ (Clothes, their Origin and
+Influence): _von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc. Stillschweigen und
+Cognie. Weissnichtwo_, 1831.
+
+"Here," says the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, "comes a Volume of that
+extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken with
+pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo. Issuing
+from the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company,
+with every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as
+to set Neglect at defiance.... A work," concludes the well-nigh
+enthusiastic Reviewer, "interesting alike to the antiquary, the
+historian, and the philosophic thinker; a masterpiece of boldness,
+lynx-eyed acuteness, and rugged independent Germanism and Philanthropy
+(_derber Kerndeutschheit und Menschenliebe_); which will not, assuredly,
+pass current without opposition in high places; but must and will exalt
+the almost new name of Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy,
+in our German Temple of Honor."
+
+Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the
+first blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither
+a Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which
+modesty forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated
+wish or hope of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding
+phrase: _Mochte es_ (this remarkable Treatise) _auch im Brittischen
+Boden gedeihen_!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+
+If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then
+might the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with
+chalk in the Editor's calendar. It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of
+boundless, almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm
+nor clear, if you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive
+to his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true
+orients.
+
+Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate
+inspection, it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of
+Philosophy, leading to as yet undescried ulterior results, was
+disclosed; farther, what seemed scarcely less interesting, a quite new
+human Individuality, an almost unexampled personal character, that,
+namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh the Discloser. Of both which
+novelties, as far as might be possible, we resolved to master the
+significance. But as man is emphatically a proselytizing creature, no
+sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted, than the new question
+arose: How might this acquired good be imparted to others, perhaps in
+equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of Clothes, and the Author
+of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any measure, to the business and
+bosoms of our own English Nation? For if new-got gold is said to burn
+the pockets till it be cast forth into circulation, much more may new
+truth.
+
+Here, however, difficulties occurred. The first thought naturally was to
+publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with,
+or by money or love procure access to. But, on the other hand, was it
+not clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of,
+might endanger the circulation of any Journal extant? If, indeed, all
+party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory,
+and Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the
+Nation could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of
+Clothes poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had
+seemed possible. But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except
+_Fraser's Magazine_? A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking)
+with the maddest Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and
+destructively, wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits;
+nay, in any case, understood to be, of late years, a vehicle full to
+overflowing, and inexorably shut! Besides, to state the Philosophy of
+Clothes without the Philosopher, the ideas of Teufelsdrockh without
+something of his personality, was it not to insure both of entire
+misapprehension? Now for Biography, had it been otherwise admissible,
+there were no adequate documents, no hope of obtaining such, but rather,
+owing to circumstances, a special despair. Thus did the Editor see
+himself, for the while, shut out from all public utterance of these
+extraordinary Doctrines, and constrained to revolve them, not without
+disquietude, in the dark depths of his own mind.
+
+So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read
+and again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby
+the old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,--when
+altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke,
+our Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom
+we had not previously corresponded. The Hofrath, after much quite
+extraneous matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and
+attention" which the Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own
+German Republic of Letters; on the deep significance and tendency of his
+Friend's Volume; and then, at length, with great circumlocution, hinted
+at the practicability of conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to
+England, and through England to the distant West:" a work on Professor
+Teufelsdrockh "were undoubtedly welcome to the _Family_, the _National_,
+or any other of those patriotic _Libraries_, at present the glory
+of British Literature;" might work revolutions in Thought; and so
+forth;--in conclusion, intimating not obscurely, that should the present
+Editor feel disposed to undertake a Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he,
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, had it in his power to furnish the requisite
+Documents.
+
+As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would
+not crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the
+whole is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+Heuschrecke's. Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+united itself with like in definite arrangement: and soon either in
+actual vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of
+the whole Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass.
+Cautiously yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application
+to the famed redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made: an interview,
+interviews with that singular man have taken place; with more of
+assurance on our side, with less of satire (at least of open satire)
+on his, than we anticipated; for the rest, with such issue as is now
+visible. As to those same "patriotic _Libraries_," the Hofrath's counsel
+could only be viewed with silent amazement; but with his offer of
+Documents we joyfully and almost instantaneously closed. Thus, too, in
+the sure expectation of these, we already see our task begun; and this
+our _Sartor Resartus_, which is properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr
+Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+
+
+Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more. Let the British
+reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented
+him, and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he
+is possessed of. Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared
+from the mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and
+directed rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book.
+Who or what such Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even
+insignificant: [*] it is a voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of
+Clothes; undoubtedly a Spirit addressing Spirits: whoso hath ears, let
+him hear.
+
+     * With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask,
+     or muffler; and, we have reason to think, under a feigned
+     name!--O. Y.
+
+On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning: namely,
+that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to
+the Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according
+to ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such
+defence that he engaged in this undertaking. To stem, or if that be
+impossible, profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a
+Volume as Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable
+pile, or floodgate, in the logical wear.
+
+For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate. Powerless,
+we venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves.
+Grateful they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair
+mementos of bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods,
+when, lapped in the symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence,
+though with baser accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that
+feast of reason, never since vouchsafed him in so full measure! But what
+then? _Amicus Plato, magis amica veritas_; Teufelsdrockh is our friend,
+Truth is our divinity. In our historical and critical capacity, we hope
+we are strangers to all the world; have feud or favor with no one,--save
+indeed the Devil, with whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we
+do at all times wage internecine war. This assurance, at an epoch when
+puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of
+mankind, and even English Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must
+write on their door-lintels _No cheating here_,--we thought it good to
+premise.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES.
+
+To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the
+rest of the world. For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+unexpected. Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life: a man
+devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend,
+as he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that
+cannot but exasperate and divide. Not, that we can remember, was the
+Philosophy of Clothes once touched upon between us. If through the
+high, silent, meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected
+any practical tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a
+certain prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism;
+as indeed some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was
+now and then suspected; though his special contributions to the _Isis_
+could never be more than surmised at. But, at all events, nothing Moral,
+still less anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+
+Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which
+indeed, with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever
+remembered. Lifting his huge tumbler of _Gukguk_, [*] and for a moment
+lowering his tobacco-pipe, he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was _Zur
+Grunen Gans_, the largest in Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity,
+and nearly all the Intellect of the place assembled of an evening); and
+there, with low, soul-stirring tone, and the look truly of an angel,
+though whether of a white or of a black one might be dubious, proposed
+this toast: _Die Sache der Armen in Gottes und Teufels Namen_ (The Cause
+of the Poor, in Heaven's name and--'s)! One full shout, breaking the
+leaden silence; then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers, again
+followed by universal cheering, returned him loud acclaim. It was the
+finale of the night: resuming their pipes; in the highest enthusiasm,
+amid volumes of tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt without and
+within, the assembly broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow. _Bleibt
+doch ein echter Spass_- _und Galgen-vogel_, said several; meaning
+thereby that, one day, he would probably be hanged for his democratic
+sentiments. _Wo steckt doch der Schalk_? added they, looking round: but
+Teufelsdrockh had retired by private alleys, and the Compiler of these
+pages beheld him no more.
+
+     * Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+
+In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher,
+such estimate to form of his purposes and powers. And yet, thou brave
+Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee? Under those thick
+locks of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face
+we ever in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain. In thy eyes
+too, deep under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy,
+have we not noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and
+half fancied that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion,
+the _sleep_ of a spinning-top? Thy little figure, there as, in loose
+ill-brushed threadbare habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and
+lumber, whole days, to "think and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty
+heart. The secrets of man's Life were laid open to thee; thou sawest
+into the mystery of the Universe, farther than another; thou hadst _in
+petto_ thy remarkable Volume on Clothes. Nay, was there not in that
+clear logically founded Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy
+meek, silent, deep-seated Sansculottism, combined with a true princely
+Courtesy of inward nature, the visible rudiments of such speculation?
+But great men are too often unknown, or what is worse, misknown.
+Already, when we dreamed not of it, the warp of thy remarkable Volume
+lay on the loom; and silently, mysterious shuttles were putting in the
+woof.
+
+
+How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this
+case, may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is
+happily not our concern, but his. To us it appeared, after repeated
+trial, that in Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the
+best-informed classes, no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered;
+not so much as a false one. He was a stranger there, wafted thither by
+what is called the course of circumstances; concerning whose parentage,
+birthplace, prospects, or pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries,
+but satisfied herself with the most indistinct replies. For himself, he
+was a man so still and altogether unparticipating, that to question
+him even afar off on such particulars was a thing of more than usual
+delicacy: besides, in his sly way, he had ever some quaint turn, not
+without its satirical edge, wherewith to divert such intrusions, and
+deter you from the like. Wits spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind
+of Melchizedek, without father or mother of any kind; sometimes, with
+reference to his great historic and statistic knowledge, and the
+vivid way he had of expressing himself like an eye-witness of distant
+transactions and scenes, they called him the _Ewige Jude_, Everlasting,
+or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+
+To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction;
+but no more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their
+daily _Allgemeine Zeitung_, or the domestic habits of the Sun. Both were
+there and welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought
+no more of the matter. The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his
+little circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent
+in German Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them
+alive, and feel certain enough that they must have a History, no History
+seems to be discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and
+antediluvian ruins: That they have been created by unknown agencies,
+are in a state of gradual decay, and for the present reflect light
+and resist pressure; that is, are visible and tangible objects in this
+phantasm world, where so much other mystery is.
+
+It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, _Professor der
+Allerley-Wissenschaft_, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never
+been incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition. To all
+appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding
+their New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like
+ours," as the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are,
+rapidly or slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of
+this kind had been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task
+of bodying somewhat forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly,
+facilitated." That actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes
+for the "Science of Things in General," they doubtless considered
+premature; on which ground too they had only established the
+Professorship, nowise endowed it; so that Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by
+the highest Names," had been promoted thereby to a Name merely.
+
+Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this
+new Professorship: how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want
+of the Age (_Zeitbedurfniss_); how at length, instead of Denial
+and Destruction, we were to have a science of Affirmation and
+Reconstruction; and Germany and Weissnichtwo were where they should be,
+in the vanguard of the world. Considerable also was the wonder at the
+new Professor, dropt opportunely enough into the nascent University; so
+able to lecture, should occasion call; so ready to hold his peace for
+indefinite periods, should an enlightened Government consider that
+occasion did not call. But such admiration and such wonder, being
+followed by no act to keep them living, could last only nine days;
+and, long before our visit to that scene, had quite died away. The more
+cunning heads thought it was all an expiring clutch at popularity, on
+the part of a Minister, whom domestic embarrassments, court intrigues,
+old age, and dropsy soon afterwards finally drove from the helm.
+
+As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the _Grune
+Gans_, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him. Here,
+over his tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes
+contemplatively looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without
+other visible employment: always, from his mild ways, an agreeable
+phenomenon there; more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on
+which occasions the whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence,
+as if sure to hear something noteworthy. Nay, perhaps to hear a whole
+series and river of the most memorable utterances; such as, when once
+thawed, he would for hours indulge in, with fit audience: and the more
+memorable, as issuing from a head apparently not more interested in
+them, not more conscious of them, than is the sculptured stone head of
+some public fountain, which through its brass mouth-tube emits water to
+the worthy and the unworthy; careless whether it be for cooking
+victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed, maintains the same earnest
+assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or not.
+
+To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+scrutinize him with due power of vision! We enjoyed, what not three
+men Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the
+Professor's private domicile. It was the attic floor of the highest
+house in the Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle
+of Weissnichtwo, for it rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs,
+themselves rising from elevated ground. Moreover, with its windows it
+looked towards all the four _Orte_ or as the Scotch say, and we ought to
+say, _Airts_: the sitting room itself commanded three; another came to
+view in the _Schlafgemach_ (bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing
+of the kitchen, which offered two, as it were, _duplicates_, showing
+nothing new. So that it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of
+Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom, sitting at ease he might see the whole
+life-circulation of that considerable City; the streets and lanes of
+which, with all their doing and driving (_Thun und Treiben_), were for
+the most part visible there.
+
+"I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him
+say, "and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing,
+and choking by sulphur. From the Palace esplanade, where music plays
+while Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the
+low lane, where in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin
+livelihood sits to feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except
+Schlosskirche weather-cock, no biped stands so high. Couriers arrive
+bestrapped and bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches
+of leather: there, top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the
+country Baron and his household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier
+hops painfully along, begging alms: a thousand carriages, and wains,
+cars, come tumbling in with Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw
+Produce, inanimate or animate, and go tumbling out again with produce
+manufactured. That living flood, pouring through these streets, of all
+qualities and ages, knowest thou whence it is coming, whither it is
+going? _Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der Ewigkeit hin_: From Eternity, onwards
+to Eternity! These are Apparitions: what else? Are they not Souls
+rendered visible: in Bodies, that took shape and will lose it, melting
+into air? Their solid Pavement is a Picture of the Sense; they walk
+on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time is behind them and before them. Or
+fanciest thou, the red and yellow Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs
+on its heels and feather in its crown, is but of To-day, without a
+Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather its Ancestor alive when
+Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island? Friend, thou seest here a living
+link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all Being: watch well, or
+it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+
+"_Ach, mein Lieber_!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned
+from the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to
+dwell here. These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith
+in their leash of sidereal fire? That stifled hum of Midnight, when
+Traffic has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still
+rolling here and there through distant streets, are bearing her to
+Halls roofed in, and lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice
+and Misery, to prowl or to moan like nightbirds, are abroad: that hum,
+I say, like the stertorous, unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in
+Heaven! Oh, under that hideous coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions,
+and unimaginable gases, what a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!
+The joyful and the sorrowful are there; men are dying there, men are
+being born; men are praying,--on the other side of a brick partition,
+men are cursing; and around them all is the vast, void Night. The proud
+Grandee still lingers in his perfumed saloons, or reposes within
+damask curtains; Wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds, or shivers
+hunger-stricken into its lair of straw: in obscure cellars,
+_Rouge-et-Noir_ languidly emits its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry
+Villains; while Councillors of State sit plotting, and playing their
+high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men. The Lover whispers his
+mistress that the coach is ready; and she, full of hope and fear, glides
+down, to fly with him over the borders: the Thief, still more silently,
+sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks in wait till the watchmen
+first snore in their boxes. Gay mansions, with supper-rooms and
+dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and high-swelling hearts;
+but, in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats tremulous and
+faint, and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness, which is around
+and within, for the light of a stern last morning. Six men are to be
+hanged on the morrow: comes no hammering from the _Rabenstein_?--their
+gallows must even now be o' building. Upwards of five hundred thousand
+two-legged animals without feathers lie round us, in horizontal
+position; their heads all in nightcaps, and full of the foolishest
+dreams. Riot cries aloud, and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of
+shame; and the Mother, with streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying
+infant, whose cracked lips only her tears now moisten.--All these heaped
+and huddled together, with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry
+between them;--crammed in, like salted fish in their barrel;--or
+weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers, each
+struggling to get its _head above_ the others: _such_ work goes on under
+that smoke-counterpane!--But I, _mein Werther_, sit above it all; I am
+alone with the stars."
+
+We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+visible.
+
+These were the Professor's talking seasons: most commonly he spoke
+in mere monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the
+visitor had liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer
+an occasional grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself
+away. It was a strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and
+miscellaneous shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common
+element of dust." Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered
+a sheet of manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily
+thrown aside; ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots,
+tobacco-boxes, Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots. Old Lieschen
+(Lisekin, 'Liza), who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer
+and wringer, cook, errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the
+rest a very orderly creature, had no sovereign authority in this last
+citadel of Teufelsdrockh; only some once in the month she half-forcibly
+made her way thither, with broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily
+saving his manuscripts) effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery
+of such lumber as was not Literary. These were her _Erdbeben_
+(earthquakes), which Teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence;
+nevertheless, to such length he had been forced to comply. Glad would
+he have been to sit here philosophizing forever, or till the litter, by
+accumulation, drove him out of doors: but Lieschen was his right-arm,
+and spoon, and necessary of life, and would not be flatly gainsayed. We
+can still remember the ancient woman; so silent that some thought her
+dumb; deaf also you would often have supposed her; for Teufelsdrockh,
+and Teufelsdrockh only, would she serve or give heed to; and with him
+she seemed to communicate chiefly by signs; if it were not rather by
+some secret divination that she guessed all his wants, and supplied
+them. Assiduous old dame! she scoured, and sorted, and swept, in her
+kitchen, with the least possible violence to the ear; yet all was tight
+and right there: hot and black came the coffee ever at the due moment;
+and the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you, from under her
+clean white coif with its lappets, through her clean withered face and
+wrinkles, with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of benevolence.
+
+Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither: the only one we
+ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages. To us,
+at that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+"they never appear without their umbrella." Had we not known with what
+"little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as
+elsewhere, the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute
+train-bearers to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing
+or unwilling dupes,--it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke
+should be named a _Rath_, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in
+Weissnichtwo. What counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this
+particular Hofrath give; in whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose
+thin visage, as it went jerking to and fro, in minute incessant
+fluctuation,--you traced rather confusion worse confounded; at most,
+Timidity and physical Cold? Some indeed said withal, he was "the
+very Spirit of Love embodied:" blue earnest eyes, full of sadness and
+kindness; purse ever open, and so forth; the whole of which, we shall
+now hope, for many reasons, was not quite groundless. Nevertheless
+friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed handled the burin like few
+in these cases, was probably the best: _Er hat Gemuth und Geist,
+hat wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne Schicksals-Gunst; ist
+gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt_, "He has heart and
+talent, at least has had such, yet without fit mode of utterance, or
+favor of Fortune; and so is now half-cracked, half-congealed."--What
+the Hofrath shall think of this when he sees it, readers may wonder; we,
+safe in the stronghold of Historical Fidelity, are careless.
+
+The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh,
+which indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke
+himself. We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the
+fondness of a Boswell for his Johnson. And perhaps with the like return;
+for Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard,
+as some half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved
+him out of gratitude and by habit. On the other hand, it was curious to
+observe with what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection,
+our Hofrath, being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far
+more practically influential of the two, looked and tended on his
+little Sage, whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle. Let but
+Teufelsdrockh open his mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into
+a free doorway, besides his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing
+might be lost: and then, at every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out
+his pursy chuckle of a cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took
+some time to get in motion, and seemed crank and slack), or else his
+twanging nasal, _Bravo! Das glaub' ich_; in either case, by way of
+heartiest approval. In short, if Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which,
+except perhaps in his self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there
+was no symptom, then might Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to
+whom no dough-pill he could knead and publish was other than medicinal
+and sacred.
+
+In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at
+the time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and
+meditate. Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often,
+in solitude, outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable
+Inquirer fought all his battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in
+all probability, that he wrote this surprising Volume on _Clothes_.
+Additional particulars: of his age, which was of that standing middle
+sort you could only guess at; of his wide surtout; the color of his
+trousers, fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat, and so forth, we
+might report, but do not. The Wisest truly is, in these times, the
+Greatest; so that an enlightened curiosity leaving Kings and such
+like to rest very much on their own basis, turns more and more to the
+Philosophic Class: nevertheless, what reader expects that, with all our
+writing and reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him, till
+once the Documents arrive? His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily Presence, are
+as yet hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture. But, on the
+other hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable Volume,
+much more truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of Doubloons?
+To the soul of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely, on the
+"Origin and Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS.
+
+It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like
+the very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of
+genius, has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid
+its effulgence,--a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+
+Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and
+prophesyings of the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, we admitted that the
+Book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the
+best effect of any book; that it had even operated changes in our way
+of thought; nay, that it promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a
+new mine-shaft, wherein the whole world of Speculation might henceforth
+dig to unknown depths. More specially may it now be declared that
+Professor Teufelsdrockh's acquirements, patience of research,
+philosophic and even poetic vigor, are here made indisputably manifest;
+and unhappily no less his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold
+ineptitude; that, on the whole, as in opening new mine-shafts is
+not unreasonable, there is much rubbish in his Book, though likewise
+specimens of almost invaluable ore. A paramount popularity in England
+we cannot promise him. Apart from the choice of such a topic as Clothes,
+too often the manner of treating it betokens in the Author a rusticity
+and academic seclusion, unblamable, indeed inevitable in a German, but
+fatal to his success with our public.
+
+Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+forgotten what he saw. He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls
+many things by their mere dictionary names. To him the Upholsterer is no
+Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt
+and overhung: "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses,
+and ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that
+such Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+God-created Souls do for the time meet together." To Teufelsdrockh the
+highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+bracelets and Malines laces: in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag
+for _hooking-together_; and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and
+hammered on a stithy before smith's fingers." Thus does the Professor
+look in men's faces with a strange impartiality, a strange scientific
+freedom; like a man unversed in the higher circles, like a man dropped
+thither from the Moon. Rightly considered, it is in this peculiarity,
+running through his whole system of thought, that all these
+shortcomings, over-shootings, and multiform perversities, take rise:
+if indeed they have not a second source, also natural enough, in his
+Transcendental Philosophies, and humor of looking at all Matter and
+Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his case were but the more
+hopeless, the more lamentable.
+
+To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+Work: nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+waistcoat beats a heart,"--the force of that rapt earnestness may be
+felt, and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through? In our
+wild Seer, shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild
+honey, there is an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious,
+strength, which, except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare.
+Many a deep glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast
+into mysterious Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man.
+Wonderful it is with what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder
+the confusion; sheers down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre
+of the matter; and there not only hits the nail on the head, but with
+crushing force smites it home, and buries it.--On the other hand, let us
+be free to admit, he is the most unequal writer breathing. Often after
+some such feat, he will play truant for long pages, and go dawdling and
+dreaming, and mumbling and maundering the merest commonplaces, as if he
+were asleep with eyes open, which indeed he is.
+
+Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most
+known tongues, from _Sanchoniathon_ to _Dr. Lingard_, from your Oriental
+_Shasters_, and _Talmuds_, and _Korans_, with Cassini's _Siamese
+fables_, and Laplace's _Mecanique Celeste_, down to _Robinson Crusoe_
+and the _Belfast Town and Country Almanack_, are familiar to him,--we
+shall say nothing: for unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such
+universality of study passes without wonder, as a thing commendable,
+indeed, but natural, indispensable, and there of course. A man that
+devotes his life to learning, shall he not be learned?
+
+In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability,
+marred too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+intercourse with the higher classes. Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step
+forth in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing
+amid flame and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction,
+picturesque allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns;
+all the graces and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest
+Intellect, alternate in beautiful vicissitude. Were it not that sheer
+sleeping and soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches
+even of pure doting jargon, so often intervene! On the whole, Professor
+Teufelsdrockh, is not a cultivated writer. Of his sentences perhaps not
+more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are
+in quite angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and
+dashes), and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a
+few even sprawl out helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and
+dismembered. Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in
+him a singular attraction. A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of
+the man, like its keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as
+into the Song of Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now
+sinking in cadences, not without melodious heartiness, though sometimes
+abrupt enough, into the common pitch, when we hear it only as a
+monotonous hum; of which hum the true character is extremely difficult
+to fix. Up to this hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether
+it is a tone and hum of real Humor, which we reckon among the very
+highest qualities of genius, or some echo of mere Insanity and Inanity,
+which doubtless ranks below the very lowest.
+
+Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do
+we still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling. Gleams of an
+ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity;
+he could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it
+seems as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph. Then
+again he is so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such
+indifference, malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and
+ever with some half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if
+indeed it be not mere stolid callousness,--that you look on him almost
+with a shudder, as on some incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great
+terrestrial and celestial Round, after all, were but some huge foolish
+Whirligig, where kings and beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and
+street-sweepings, were chaotically whirled, in which only children could
+take interest. His look, as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever
+seen: yet it is not of that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among
+our own Chancery suitors; but rather the gravity as of some silent,
+high-encircled mountain-pool, perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano;
+into whose black deeps you fear to gaze: those eyes, those lights that
+sparkle in it, may indeed be reflexes of the heavenly Stars, but perhaps
+also glances from the region of Nether Fire.
+
+Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature,
+this of Teufelsdrockh! Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once
+we saw him _laugh_; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time in
+his life; but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the
+Seven Sleepers! It was of Jean Paul's doing: some single billow in that
+vast World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations,
+which is now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death! The
+large-bodied Poet and the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking
+miscellaneously together, the present Editor being privileged to listen;
+and now Paul, in his serious way, was giving one of those inimitable
+"Extra-Harangues;" and, as it chanced, On the Proposal for a _Cast-metal
+King_: gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a
+beaming, mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a
+radiant ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing
+of all Tattersall's,--tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft,
+foot clutched into the air,--loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable; a
+laugh not of the face and diaphragm only, but of the whole man from head
+to heel. The present Editor, who laughed indeed, yet with measure, began
+to fear all was not right: however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and
+sank into his old stillness; on his inscrutable countenance there was,
+if anything, a slight look of shame; and Richter himself could not rouse
+him again. Readers who have any tincture of Psychology know how much
+is to be inferred from this; and that no man who has once heartily and
+wholly laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad. How much lies in
+Laughter: the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! Some men
+wear an everlasting barren simper; in the smile of others lies a cold
+glitter as of ice: the fewest are able to laugh, what can be called
+laughing, but only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat
+outwards; or at best, produce some whiffling husky cachinnation, as if
+they were laughing through wool: of none such comes good. The man who
+cannot laugh is not only fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils; but
+his whole life is already a treason and a stratagem.
+
+Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+fault, doubtless his worst: an almost total want of arrangement. In this
+remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward
+method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little.
+Apart from its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work
+naturally falls into two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a
+Philosophical-Speculative: but falls, unhappily, by no firm line of
+demarcation; in that labyrinthic combination, each Part overlaps, and
+indents, and indeed runs quite through the other. Many sections are of
+a debatable rubric, or even quite nondescript and unnamable; whereby the
+Book not only loses in accessibility, but too often distresses us like
+some mad banquet, wherein all courses had been confounded, and fish and
+flesh, soup and solid, oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French
+mustard, were hurled into one huge tureen or trough, and the hungry
+Public invited to help itself. To bring what order we can out of this
+Chaos shall be part of our endeavor.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+
+"As Montesquieu wrote a _Spirit of Laws_," observes our Professor, "so
+could I write a _Spirit of Clothes_; thus, with an _Esprit des
+Lois_, properly an _Esprit de Coutumes_, we should have an _Esprit de
+Costumes_. For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man
+proceed by mere Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious
+operations of the mind. In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an
+Architectural Idea will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are
+the site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of
+a Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded
+mantles, based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid
+peaks, spangles and bell-girdles; swell out in starched ruffs, buckram
+stuffings, and monstrous tuberosities; or girth himself into separate
+sections, and front the world an Agglomeration of four limbs,--will
+depend on the nature of such Architectural Idea: whether Grecian,
+Gothic, Later Gothic, or altogether Modern, and Parisian or
+Anglo-Dandiacal. Again, what meaning lies in Color! From the soberest
+drab to the high-flaming scarlet, spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold
+themselves in choice of Color: if the Cut betoken Intellect and Talent,
+so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart. In all which, among nations
+as among individuals, there is an incessant, indubitable, though
+infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect: every snip of the
+Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active Influences,
+which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are neither
+invisible nor illegible.
+
+"For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of
+Clothes, as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening
+entertainment: nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such
+Philosophies have always seemed to me uninstructive enough. Nay, what
+is your Montesquieu himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a
+hieroglyphical prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity,
+in Heaven?--Let any Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear
+such and such a Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am
+_here_, to wear and obey anything!--Much, therefore, if not the whole,
+of that same _Spirit of Clothes_ I shall suppress, as hypothetical,
+ineffectual, and even impertinent: naked Facts, and Deductions drawn
+therefrom in quite another than that omniscient style, are my humbler
+and proper province."
+
+Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least,
+the boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon. Selection being
+indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the
+most cursory manner. This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by
+omnivorous learning, and utmost patience and fairness: at the same time,
+in its results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the
+Compilers of some _Library_ of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even
+Useless Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages. Was it
+this Part of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended
+us to that joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of
+British Literature"? If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it
+for their own behoof.
+
+To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads
+us into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval. Still less have we to do
+with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he
+had before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of
+aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"--very needlessly, we think.
+On this portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the
+_Adam-Kadmon_, or Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation
+with the _Nifl_ and _Muspel_ (Darkness and Light) of the antique North,
+it may be enough to say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of
+Talmudic and Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist
+in Britain with something like astonishment.
+
+But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower
+of Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable
+and habilable globe. Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic,
+Scandinavian, Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of
+every conceivable kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as
+the Nurnbergers give an _Orbis Pictus_) an _Orbis Vestitus_; or view of
+the costumes of all mankind, in all countries, in all times. It is here
+that to the Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say:
+Fall to! Here is learning: an irregular Treasury, if you will; but
+inexhaustible as the Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in
+twelve days, at the rate of three journeys a day, could not carry
+off. Sheepskin cloaks and wampum belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs;
+chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks, Afghaun shawls, trunk-hose, leather
+breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though breeches, as the name _Gallia
+Braccata_ indicates, are the more ancient), Hussar cloaks, Vandyke
+tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought vividly before us,--even the
+Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten. For most part, too, we must
+admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it is, and tumbled down quite
+pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified Learning, the drossy parts
+smelted out and thrown aside.
+
+Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures
+of human life. Of this sort the following has surprised us. The first
+purpose of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or
+decency, but ornament. "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition
+of the Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of
+hair, which with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him
+like a matted cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick
+natural fell. He loitered in the sunny glades of the forest, living
+on wild-fruits; or, as the ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in
+morasses, lurking for his bestial or human prey; without implements,
+without arms, save the ball of heavy Flint, to which, that his sole
+possession and defence might not be lost, he had attached a long cord
+of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well as hurling it with deadly
+unerring skill. Nevertheless, the pains of Hunger and Revenge once
+satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but Decoration (_Putz_). Warmth
+he found in the toils of the chase; or amid dried leaves, in his hollow
+tree, in his bark shed, or natural grotto: but for Decoration he must
+have Clothes. Nay, among wild people, we find tattooing and painting
+even prior to Clothes. The first spiritual want of a barbarous man
+is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the barbarous classes in
+civilized countries.
+
+"Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,--has descended,
+like thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+Anthropophagus! Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+cometh forth sweetness. What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+Time! For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality. Cast forth
+thy Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe: it is
+a seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will
+be found flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a
+Hemlock-forest!) after a thousand years.
+
+"He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of _Movable
+Types_ was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and
+Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented
+the Art of Printing. The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and
+Charcoal drove Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling: what will
+the last do? Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under
+Thought, of Animal courage under Spiritual. A simple invention it was
+in the old-world Grazier,--sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country
+till he got it bartered for corn or oil,--to take a piece of Leather,
+and thereon scratch or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or _Pecus_); put
+it in his pocket, and call it _Pecunia_, Money. Yet hereby did Barter
+grow Sale, the Leather Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles
+have been out-miracled: for there are Rothschilds and English National
+Debts; and whoso has sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence)
+over all men; commands cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him,
+kings to mount guard over him,--to the length of sixpence.--Clothes too,
+which began in foolishest love of Ornament, what have they not become!
+Increased Security and pleasurable Heat soon followed: but what of
+these? Shame, divine Shame (_Schaam_, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the
+Anthropophagous bosom, arose there mysteriously under Clothes; a
+mystic grove-encircled shrine for the Holy in man. Clothes gave us
+individuality, distinctions, social polity; Clothes have made Men of us;
+they are threatening to make Clothes-screens of us.
+
+"But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a
+Tool-using Animal (_Handthierendes Thier_). Weak in himself, and of
+small stature, he stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of
+some half-square foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs,
+lest the very wind supplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are
+a crushing load for him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like
+a waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools: with these
+the granite mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing
+iron, as if it were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds
+and fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools;
+without Tools he is nothing, with Tools he is all."
+
+Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of
+all that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best? Man is called
+a Laughing Animal: but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it;
+and is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher? Teufelsdrockh
+himself, as we said, laughed only once. Still less do we make of that
+other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for
+rigorous scientific purposes, is as good as useless. Can a Tartar be
+said to cook, when he only readies his steak by riding on it?
+Again, what Cookery does the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his
+whale-blubber, as a marmot, in the like case, might do? Or how would
+Monsieur Ude prosper among those Orinoco Indians who, according to
+Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the branches of trees; and, for half
+the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay, the whole country being under
+water? But, on the other hand, show us the human being, of any period or
+climate, without his Tools: those very Caledonians, as we saw, had their
+Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no brute has or can have.
+
+"Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt
+way; "of which truth Clothes are but one example: and surely if we
+consider the interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man,
+and those Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons,
+we shall note what progress he has made. He digs up certain black stones
+from the bosom of the earth, and says to them, _Transport me and this
+luggage at the rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour_; and they do
+it: he collects, apparently by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight
+miscellaneous individuals, and says to them, _Make this nation toil for
+us, bleed for us, hunger and, sorrow and sin for us_; and they do it."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. APRONS.
+
+One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that
+on _Aprons_. What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose
+Apron, now indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which
+proved successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what
+though John Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she
+would catch her husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie
+and be a bishop;" what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other
+Apron worthies,--figure here? An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes
+even a tone of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too
+clearly discernible. What, for example, are we to make of such sentences
+as the following?
+
+"Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to
+modesty, sometimes to roguery. From the thin slip of notched silk (as
+it were, the emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some
+highest-bred housewife, sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes,
+has gracefully fastened on; to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him
+with thongs, wherein the Builder builds, and at evening sticks his
+trowel; or to those jingling sheet-iron Aprons, wherein your otherwise
+half-naked Vulcans hammer and smelt in their smelt-furnace,--is there
+not range enough in the fashion and uses of this Vestment? How much
+has been concealed, how much has been defended in Aprons! Nay, rightly
+considered, what is your whole Military and Police Establishment,
+charged at uncalculated millions, but a huge scarlet-colored,
+iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily enough); guarding
+itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this Devil's-smithy
+(_Teufels-schmiede_) of a world? But of all Aprons the most puzzling
+to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock. Wherein consists the
+usefulness of this Apron? The Overseer (_Episcopus_) of Souls, I notice,
+has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were done: what
+does he shadow forth thereby?" &c. &c.
+
+Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as
+we shall now quote?
+
+"I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as
+a new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval: nor is it
+without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having
+in view to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in
+England."--We who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed
+have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for
+our Literature, exuberant as it is.--Teufelsdrockh continues: "If such
+supply of printed Paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways
+and public thoroughfares, new means must of necessity be had recourse
+to. In a world existing by Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a
+destroying element, and not as a creating one. However, Heaven is
+omnipotent, and will find us an outlet. In the mean while, is it not
+beautiful to see five million quintals of Rags picked annually from the
+Laystall; and annually, after being macerated, hot-pressed, printed on,
+and sold,--returned thither; filling so many hungry mouths by the way?
+Thus is the Laystall, especially with its Rags or Clothes-rubbish, the
+grand Electric Battery, and Fountain-of-motion, from which and to
+which the Social Activities (like vitreous and resinous Electricities)
+circulate, in larger or smaller circles, through the mighty, billowy,
+storm-tost chaos of Life, which they keep alive!"--Such passages fill
+us, who love the man, and partly esteem him, with a very mixed feeling.
+
+Farther down we meet with this: "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+and Clergy: henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write
+not of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped
+Broad-sheet Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as
+this or the other Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the
+world's ear. Of the British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important
+of all, and wonderful enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a
+valuable descriptive History already exists, in that language, under the
+title of _Satan's Invisible World Displayed_; which, however, by search
+in all the Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring
+(_vermochte night aufzutreiben_)."
+
+Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore. Thus does
+Teufelsdrockh, wandering in regions where he had little business,
+confound the old authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new,
+spurious, imaginary Historian of the _Brittische Journalistik_; and so
+stumble on perhaps the most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+
+Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic,
+when he reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the
+Seventeenth Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume. It is here
+that the Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest.
+Fantastic garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed
+each other, like monster devouring monster in a Dream. The whole too
+in brief authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of
+genius which makes even old raiment live. Indeed, so learned, precise,
+graphical, and every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that
+it may be thrown out as a pertinent question for parties concerned,
+Whether or not a good English Translation thereof might henceforth be
+profitably incorporated with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work _On Ancient
+Armor_? Take, by way of example, the following sketch; as authority
+for which Paulinus's _Zeitkurzende Lust_ (ii. 678) is, with seeming
+confidence, referred to:
+
+"Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again,
+and see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin.
+But happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is
+not needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like
+a Tree, whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie
+peaceably underground. Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see
+and know, how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his
+place quite filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the
+very Byron, in some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a
+foreigner to his Europe. Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in
+Clothes, as in all other external things whatsoever, no fashion will
+continue.
+
+"Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts,
+complicated chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and
+fighting gear have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has
+acquired somewhat of a sign-post character,--I shall here say nothing:
+the civil and pacific classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough
+for us.
+
+"Rich men, I find, have _Teusinke_ [a perhaps untranslatable article];
+also a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a man
+walks, it is with continual jingling. Some few, of musical turn, have a
+whole chime of bells (_Glockenspiel_) fastened there; which, especially
+in sudden whirls, and the other accidents of walking, has a grateful
+effect. Observe too how fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch
+intersections. The male world wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang
+bobbing over the side (_schief_): their shoes are peaked in front,
+also to the length of an ell, and laced on the side with tags; even
+the wooden shoes have their ell-long noses: some also clap bells on the
+peak. Further, according to my authority, the men have breeches without
+seat (_ohne Gesass_): these they fasten peakwise to their shirts; and
+the long round doublet must overlap them.
+
+"Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and
+before, so that back and breast are almost bare. Wives of quality, on
+the other hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which
+trains there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their
+silk-cloth Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a
+handbreadth thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long
+flood of silver buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe,
+wherewith these same welt-gowns are buttoned. The maidens have bound
+silver snoods about their hair, with gold spangles, and pendent flames
+(_Flammen_), that is, sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's
+head-gear who shall speak? Neither in love of grace is comfort
+forgotten. In winter weather you behold the whole fair creation (that
+can afford it) in long mantles, with skirts wide below, and, for hem,
+not one but two sufficient hand-broad welts; all ending atop in a
+thick well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches broad: these are their
+Ruff-mantles (_Kragenmantel_).
+
+"As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+together with batter (_mit Teig zusammengekleistert_), which create
+protuberance enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the
+art of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+
+Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion
+of any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call
+a real love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes,
+or other the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers
+so many, escape him: more especially the mischances, or striking
+adventures, incident to the wearers of such, are noticed with due
+fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's fine mantle, which he spread in the mud
+under Queen Elizabeth's feet, appears to provoke little enthusiasm
+in him; he merely asks, Whether at that period the Maiden Queen "was
+red-painted on the nose, and white-painted on the cheeks, as her
+tire-women, when from spleen and wrinkles she would no longer look in
+any glass, were wont to serve her"? We can answer that Sir Walter knew
+well what he was doing, and had the Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment
+dyed in verdigris, would have done the same.
+
+Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader
+parts of the body, by introduction of Bran,--our Professor fails not to
+comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a
+chair with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his
+_devoir_ on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several
+pecks of dry wheat-dust: and stood there diminished to a spindle, his
+galloons and slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon
+the Professor publishes this reflection:--
+
+"By what strange chances do we live in History? Erostratus by a torch;
+Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by
+his limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,--for
+no Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him. Vain was the prayer of
+Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+Destiny, and read since it is written."--Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put in
+mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting, stands
+that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+
+"The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry,
+in the late Colombian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal,
+is provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it
+circular): in the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long;
+through this the mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and
+so rides shielded from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for
+he rolls it about his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and
+draperied."
+
+With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity,
+and Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of
+our subject.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+
+If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+discussing merely the _Werden_ (Origin and successive Improvement)
+of Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their _Wirken_, or
+Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure
+of his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+commences: all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it
+to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or
+mere cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to
+expound the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he
+undertakes to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand
+Proposition, that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned
+together, and held up, by Clothes." He says in so many words, "Society
+is founded upon Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude
+on Cloth, as on a Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and
+unclean beasts in the Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle,
+would sink to endless depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either
+case be no more."
+
+By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation
+this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical
+Corollaries are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to
+attempt exhibiting. Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of
+common school Logic, where the truths all stand in a row, each holding
+by the skirts of the other; but at best that of practical Reason'
+proceeding by large Intuition over whole systematic groups and kingdoms;
+whereby, we might say, a noble complexity, almost like that of Nature,
+reigns in his Philosophy, or spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze,
+yet, as faith whispers, not without a plan. Nay we complained above,
+that a certain ignoble complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was
+also discernible. Often, also, we have to exclaim: Would to Heaven
+those same Biographical Documents were come! For it seems as if the
+demonstration lay much in the Author's individuality; as if it were not
+Argument that had taught him, but Experience. At present it is only
+in local glimpses, and by significant fragments, picked often at
+wide-enough intervals from the original Volume, and carefully collated,
+that we can hope to impart some outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine.
+Readers of any intelligence are once more invited to favor us with their
+most concentrated attention: let these, after intense consideration,
+and not till then, pronounce, Whether on the utmost verge of our actual
+horizon there is not a looming as of Land; a promise of new Fortunate
+Islands, perhaps whole undiscovered Americas, for such as have canvas to
+sail thither?--As exordium to the whole, stand here the following long
+citation:--
+
+"With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+ask yourself that unanswerable question: Who am I; the thing that can
+say 'I' (_das Wesen das sich ICH nennt_)? The world, with its loud
+trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all
+the living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith
+your Existence sits surrounded,--the sight reaches forth into the void
+Deep, and you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with it,
+as one mysterious Presence with another.
+
+"Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;--some
+embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind? _Cogito, ergo sum_. Alas,
+poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am;
+and lately was not: but Whence? How? Whereto? The answer lies around,
+written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature: but where
+is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will
+yield articulate meaning? We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century,
+lies not even nearer the verge thereof: sounds and many-colored visions
+flit round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream
+and Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect
+not. Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but
+the Sun that made it lies behind us, hidden from us. Then, in that
+strange Dream, how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances;
+and sleep deepest while fancying ourselves most awake! Which of your
+Philosophical Systems is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient,
+confidently given out, where divisor and dividend are both unknown? What
+are all your national Wars, with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary
+hate-filled Revolutions, but the Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers? This
+Dreaming, this Somnambulism is what we on Earth call Life; wherein the
+most indeed undoubtingly wander, as if they knew right hand from left;
+yet they only are wise who know that they know nothing.
+
+"Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+unproductive! The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's
+secret: a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he
+suffers death, the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and
+Categories, and Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air-castles
+are cunningly built of Words, the Words well bedded also in good
+Logic-mortar; wherein, however, no Knowledge will come to lodge. _The
+whole is greater than the part_: how exceedingly true! _Nature abhors a
+vacuum_: how exceedingly false and calumnious! Again, _Nothing can act
+but where it is_: with all my heart; only, WHERE is it? Be not the slave
+of Words: is not the Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for
+it, and mourn for it, Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor
+I stand on? But that same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the
+first the master-colors of our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas
+(the warp and woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are
+painted. Nevertheless, has not a deeper meditation taught certain
+of every climate and age, that the WHERE and WHEN, so mysteriously
+inseparable from all our thoughts, are but superficial terrestrial
+adhesions to thought; that the Seer may discern them where they mount
+up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE and FOREVER: have not all nations
+conceived their God as Omnipresent and Eternal; as existing in a
+universal HERE, an everlasting Now? Think well, thou too wilt find that
+Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so likewise Time; there _is_ no
+Space and no Time: WE are--we know not what;--light-sparkles floating in
+the ether of Deity!
+
+"So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image,
+our ME the only reality: and Nature, with its thousand-fold production
+and destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy
+of our Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in _Faust_ names it, _the living
+visible Garment of God_:--
+
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+
+Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of
+the _Erdgeist_, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the
+meaning thereof?
+
+"It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes. Strange
+enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+Tailored. The Horse I ride has his own whole fell: strip him of the
+girths and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the
+noble creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his
+own boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the
+valleys, with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein
+warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also
+have been considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color,
+featly appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting. While
+I--good Heaven!--have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of
+sheep, the bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of
+oxen or seals, the felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving
+Rag-screen, overheaped with shreds and tatters raked from the
+Charnel-house of Nature, where they would have rotted, to rot on me more
+slowly! Day after day, I must thatch myself anew; day after day, this
+despicable thatch must lose some film of its thickness; some film of it,
+frayed away by tear and wear, must be brushed off into the Ashpit, into
+the Laystall; till by degrees the whole has been brushed thither, and I,
+the dust-making, patent Rat-grinder, get new material to grind down.
+O subter-brutish! vile! most vile! For have not I too a compact
+all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier? Am I a botched mass of tailors'
+and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated, homogeneous little
+Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+
+"Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to
+plainest facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live
+at ease in the midst of Wonders and Terrors. But indeed man is, and was
+always, a blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than
+to think and consider. Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his
+absolute lawgiver; mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose;
+thus let but a Rising of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World
+happen _twice_, and it ceases to be marvellous, to be noteworthy,
+or noticeable. Perhaps not once in a lifetime does it occur to your
+ordinary biped, of any country or generation, be he gold-mantled Prince
+or russet-jerkined Peasant, that his Vestments and his Self are not one
+and indivisible; that _he_ is naked, without vestments, till he buy or
+steal such, and by forethought sew and button them.
+
+"For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and
+how, reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and
+demoralizes us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind;
+almost as one feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season,
+you see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped
+sacking), in the meadows of Gouda. Nevertheless there is something great
+in the moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages;
+and sees indeed that he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked
+straddling animal with bandy legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable
+Mystery of Mysteries."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM.
+
+Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+conclusion of the last Chapter. The Editor himself, on first glancing
+over that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim: What, have we got
+not only a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract? A
+new Adamite, in this century, which flatters itself that it is the
+Nineteenth, and destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+
+Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+and sexes derive from Clothes. For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling
+and puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth
+into the world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy
+blankets, and bibs, and other nameless hulls? A terror to thyself and
+mankind! Or hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst
+breeches, and thy long clothes became short? The village where thou
+livedst was all apprised of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed
+thy pudding-cheek, and gave thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on
+that the first gala-day of thy existence. Again, wert not thou, at one
+period of life, a Buck, or Blood, or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy,
+or by whatever name, according to year and place, such phenomenon is
+distinguished? In that one word lie included mysterious volumes. Nay,
+now when the reign of folly is over, or altered, and thy clothes are not
+for triumph but for defence, hast thou always worn them perforce, and as
+a consequence of Man's Fall; never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable
+House, a Body round thy Body, wherein that strange THEE of thine sat
+snug, defying all variations of Climate? Girt with thick double-milled
+kerseys; half buried under shawls and broadbrims, and overalls and
+mudboots, thy very fingers cased in doeskin and mittens, thou hast
+bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though it were in wild winter, dashed
+through the world, glorying in it as if thou wert its lord. In vain did
+the sleet beat round thy temples; it lighted only on thy impenetrable,
+felted or woven, case of wool. In vain did the winds howl,--forests
+sounding and creaking, deep calling unto deep,--and the storms heap
+themselves together into one huge Arctic whirlpool: thou flewest through
+the middle thereof, striking fire from the highway; wild music hummed
+in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the air;" the wreck of matter
+and the crash of worlds was thy element and propitiously wafting tide.
+Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what hadst thou been; what had
+thy fleet quadruped been?--Nature is good, but she is not the best: here
+truly was the victory of Art over Nature. A thunderbolt indeed might
+have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst defy.
+
+Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+indeed"? Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+
+Nowise, courteous reader! The Professor knows full well what he is
+saying; and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong. If Clothes,
+in these times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming
+value; can they not be altered to serve better; must they of
+necessity be thrown to the dogs? The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a
+Sansculottist, is no Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go
+forth before this degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do
+it, as those old Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness. The utility of
+Clothes is altogether apparent to him: nay perhaps he has an insight
+into their more recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we
+might call the omnipotent virtue of Clothes, such as was never before
+vouchsafed to any man. For example:--
+
+"You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the
+other in coarse threadbare Blue: Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and
+anatomized;' Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!)
+marches sorrowfully to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his
+hour, and the surgeons dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton
+for medical purposes. How is this; or what make ye of your _Nothing can
+act but where it is_? Red has no physical hold of Blue, no _clutch_
+of him, is nowise in _contact_ with him: neither are those ministering
+Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to
+commanding Red, that he can tug them hither and thither; but each stands
+distinct within his own skin. Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is
+it done: the articulated Word sets all hands in Action; and Rope and
+Improved-drop perform their work.
+
+"Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold: First, that _Man is a
+Spirit_, and bound by invisible bonds to _All Men_; secondly, that _he
+wears Clothes_, which are the visible emblems of that fact. Has not
+your Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a
+plush-gown; whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?--Society, which
+the more I think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon Cloth.
+
+"Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how
+the ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke
+this is presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and
+innumerable Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are
+advancing gallantly to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote
+privacy, to form a clear picture of that solemnity,--on a sudden, as by
+some enchanter's wand, the--shall I speak it?--the Clothes fly off the
+whole dramatic corps; and Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed
+Presence itself, every mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not
+a shirt on them; and I know not whether to laugh or weep. This physical
+or psychical infirmity, in which perhaps I am not singular, I have,
+after hesitation, thought right to publish, for the solace of those
+afflicted with the like."
+
+Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret!
+Who is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his
+Morning Newspaper without a shudder? Hypochondriac men, and all men are
+to a certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated. With
+what readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows
+out the consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes
+on to draw:--
+
+"What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate,
+in very Deed, as here in Dream? _Ach Gott_! How each skulks into
+the nearest hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (_Haupt- und
+Staats-Action_) becomes a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the
+worst kind of Farce; _the tables_ (according to Horace), and with them,
+the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and
+Civilized Society, _are dissolved_, in wails and howls."
+
+Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+naked House of Lords? Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils
+on itself, and will not forward with the picture. The Woolsack, the
+Ministerial, the Opposition Benches--_infandum! infandum_! And yet why
+is the thing impossible? Was not every soul, or rather every body, of
+these Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a
+forked Radish with a head fantastically carved"? And why might he not,
+did our stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as
+into bed, in that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes,
+hold a Bed of Justice? "Solace of those afflicted with the like!"
+Unhappy Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical
+infirmity" before? And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled
+confession (which we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on
+by Critical and Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably
+infect therewith! Art thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the
+maddest?
+
+"It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh,
+"in how far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to
+benefit of clergy, and English trial by jury: nay perhaps, considering
+his high function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and
+Sovereign armed with the _terrors_ of the Law?), to a certain royal
+Immunity and Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class
+of persons are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+
+"O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+with a stick and red clout, to the market:' or if some drivers, as
+they do in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle
+thereof terrifies the boldest!"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. PURE REASON.
+
+It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is
+a speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for
+most part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which
+we make so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and
+"bladders with dried peas." To linger among such speculations, longer
+than mere Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish. For
+our purposes the simple fact that such a _Naked World_ is possible,
+nay actually exists (under the Clothed one), will be sufficient. Much,
+therefore, we omit about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with
+Carmen," and the Kings being thrown: "dissect them with scalpels," says
+Teufelsdrockh; "the same viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other
+life-tackle, are there: examine their spiritual mechanism; the same
+great Need, great Greed, and little Faculty; nay ten to one but the
+Carman, who understands draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something
+of the laws of unstable and stable equilibrium, with other branches
+of wagon-science, and has actually put forth his hand and operated on
+Nature, is the more cunningly gifted of the two. Whence, then, their
+so unspeakable difference? From Clothes." Much also we shall omit about
+confusion of Ranks, and Joan and My Lady, and how it would be everywhere
+"Hail fellow well met," and Chaos were come again: all which to any one
+that has once fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea, _Society in
+a state of Nakedness_, will spontaneously suggest itself. Should some
+sceptical individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without
+Clothes, the smallest Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist,
+let him turn to the original Volume, and view there the boundless
+Serbonian Bog of Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential: over
+which we have lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole
+nations might sink! If indeed the following argument, in its brief
+riveting emphasis, be not of itself incontrovertible and final:--
+
+"Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo? Or how,
+without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and
+true pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a PURSE?"
+
+Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+one knows not whether to hate or to love him. For though, in looking at
+the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures,
+he dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers,--there is
+that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past
+and present Sansculottists. The grand unparalleled peculiarity of
+Teufelsdrockh is, that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a
+Transcendentalism, no less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he
+degrade man below most animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on
+the other, exalts him beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality
+with the Gods.
+
+"To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man? An omnivorous Biped
+that wears Breeches. To the eye of Pure Reason what is he? A Soul, a
+Spirit, and divine Apparition. Round his mysterious ME, there
+lies, under all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses),
+contextured in the Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like,
+and dwells with them in UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for
+himself a Universe, with azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of
+Years. Deep-hidden is he under that strange Garment; amid Sounds
+and Colors and Forms, as it were, swathed in, and inextricably
+over-shrouded: yet it is sky-woven, and worthy of a God. Stands he not
+thereby in the centre of Immensities, in the conflux of Eternities? He
+feels; power has been given him to know, to believe; nay does not the
+spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval brightness, even here,
+though but for moments, look through? Well said Saint Chrysostom,
+with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:' where else is the
+GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our hearts, as in
+our fellow-man?"
+
+In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+forth, as it were, in full flood: and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment,
+we seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;--though,
+alas, the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from
+view.
+
+Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and
+indeed, to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent. Nothing
+that he sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:
+thus, if in the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as
+well as in the poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay,
+Contemptibility; there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend
+Worth. For Matter, were it never so despicable, is Spirit, the
+manifestation of Spirit: were it never so honorable, can it be more? The
+thing Visible, nay the thing Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as
+Visible, what is it but a Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial
+Invisible, "unimaginable formless, dark with excess of bright"? Under
+which point of view the following passage, so strange in purport, so
+strange in phrase, seems characteristic enough:--
+
+"The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+armed eyesight, till they become _transparent_. 'The Philosopher,' says
+the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:' how true!
+The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the Lowest
+has mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+
+"Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in
+Arkwright looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our
+Imagination? Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love;
+since all was created by God?
+
+"Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate,
+a more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+
+For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen
+of so singular a Planet as ours. "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of
+Worship: the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only
+at certain stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a
+reign _in partibus infidelium_." That progress of Science, which is to
+destroy Wonder, and in its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration,
+finds small favor with Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates
+these two latter processes.
+
+"Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted,
+or even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's
+mind become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere
+Tables of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you
+call Political Economy, are the Meal? And what is that Science, which
+the scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's
+in the Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute
+without shadow of a heart,--but one other of the mechanical and menial
+handicrafts, for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too
+noble an organ? I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps
+poisonous; at best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth;
+does not live, like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading
+harvests, bringing food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+
+In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according
+to ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with
+charitable intent. Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and
+treble-pipe Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these
+days, so numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics'
+Institute of Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings
+round their Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as
+illuminated Sceptics, walk abroad into peaceable society, in full
+daylight, with rattle and lantern, and insist on guiding you and
+guarding you therewith, though the Sun is shining, and the street
+populous with mere justice-loving men:" that whole class is
+inexpressibly wearisome to him. Hear with what uncommon animation he
+perorates:--
+
+"The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and
+worship), were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried
+the whole _Mecanique Celeste_ and _Hegel's Philosophy_, and the epitome
+of all Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single
+head,--is but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let
+those who have Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+
+"Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world
+by the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp
+of what I call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or
+believe nothing of it? Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes
+the unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere
+under our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle
+and Temple, as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,--he shall be a
+delirious Mystic; to him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively
+proffer thy hand-lamp, and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his
+foot through it?--_Armer Teufel_! Doth not thy cow calve, doth not
+thy bull gender? Thou thyself, wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?
+'Explain' me all this, or do one of two things: Retire into private
+places with thy foolish cackle; or, what were better, give it up,
+and weep, not that the reign of wonder is done, and God's world all
+disembellished and prosaic, but that thou hitherto art a Dilettante and
+sand-blind Pedant."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE.
+
+The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted
+it would do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a
+cloud-capt, almost chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in
+the far distance, and streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly
+questionable purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more
+important for us to ascertain. Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries
+many a timid wayfarer, or the reflex of Pandemonian lava? Is it of a
+truth leading us into beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning
+marl of a Hell-on-Earth?
+
+Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives
+an Editor enough to do. Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads
+us to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views
+and glances. For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a
+Whole:--
+
+"Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist: 'If I take the wings of the morning
+and dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.' Thou
+thyself, O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a
+Prosaist, knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the
+world where at least FORCE is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy
+wet hand, rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept
+away; already on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic
+of Cancer. How came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless? Thinkest
+thou there is aught motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+
+"As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself: That little fire
+which glows star-like across the dark-growing (_nachtende_) moor, where
+the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy
+lost horse-shoe,--is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the
+whole Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole? Thou fool, that
+smithy-fire was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that
+circulates from before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein,
+with Iron Force, and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are
+cunning affinities and battles and victories of Force brought about; it
+is a little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of
+Immensity. Call it, if thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the
+bosom of the All; whose iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence
+reach quite through the All; whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by
+brain and sinew, preaches forth the mystery of Force; nay preaches forth
+(exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the
+Gospel of Man's Force, commanding, and one day to be all-commanding.
+
+"Detached, separated! I say there is no such separation: nothing
+hitherto was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered
+leaf, works together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless,
+shoreless flood of Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses.
+The withered leaf is not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and
+around it, though working in inverse order; else how could it rot?
+Despise not the rag from which man makes Paper, or the litter from which
+the earth makes Corn. Rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant;
+all objects are as windows, through which the philosophic eye looks into
+Infinitude itself."
+
+Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+
+"All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its
+own account; strictly taken, is not there at all: Matter exists only
+spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and _body_ it forth. Hence
+Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want. On the other hand,
+all Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven:
+must not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the
+else invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like
+Spirits, revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as
+we often see, the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise)
+reveal such even to the outward eye?
+
+"Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with
+Beauty, with Curses, and the like. Nay, if you consider it, what is Man
+himself, and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing
+or visible Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a
+light-particle, down from Heaven? Thus is he said also to be clothed
+with a Body.
+
+"Language is called the Garment of Thought: however, it should rather
+be, Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought. I said that
+Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she? Metaphors are her
+stuff: examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+(of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such,
+or no longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+colorless? If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+the Flesh-Garment, Language,--then are Metaphors its muscles and tissues
+and living integuments. An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain seek
+for: is not your very _Attention_ a _Stretching-to_? The difference
+lies here: some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself seems
+osseous; some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking;
+while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth,
+sometimes (as in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.
+Moreover, there are sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same
+Thought's-Body (best naked), and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering
+it out, may be called its false stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks
+(_Putz-Mantel_), and tawdry woollen rags: whereof he that runs and reads
+may gather whole hampers,--and burn them."
+
+Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see
+a more surprisingly metaphorical? However, that is not our chief
+grievance; the Professor continues:--
+
+"Why multiply instances? It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are: the Time-vesture of
+the Eternal. Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season,
+and to be laid off. Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES,
+rightly understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed,
+done, and been: the whole External Universe and what it holds is but
+Clothing; and the essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF
+CLOTHES."
+
+Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on
+the impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling.
+Till lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected
+Aid of Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into
+the red of morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain
+whether dawn of day or dusk of utter darkness. For the last week, these
+so-called Biographical Documents are in his hand. By the kindness of
+a Scottish Hamburg Merchant, whose name, known to the whole mercantile
+world, he must not mention; but whose honorable courtesy, now and often
+before spontaneously manifested to him, a mere literary stranger,
+he cannot soon forget,--the bulky Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its
+Custom-house seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and miscellaneous tokens of
+Travel, arrived here in perfect safety, and free of cost. The reader
+shall now fancy with what hot haste it was broken up, with what
+breathless expectation glanced over; and, alas, with what unquiet
+disappointment it has, since then, been often thrown down, and again
+taken up.
+
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already:
+that however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science
+originating in the Head (_Verstand_) alone, no Life-Philosophy
+(_Lebensphilosophie_), such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which
+originates equally in the Character (_Gemuth_), and equally speaks
+thereto, can attain its significance till the Character itself is known
+and seen; "till the Author's View of the World (_Weltansicht_), and how
+he actively and passively came by such view, are clear: in short till
+a Biography of him has been philosophico-poetically written, and
+philosophico-poetically read.... Nay," adds he, "were the speculative
+scientific Truth even known, you still, in this inquiring age, ask
+yourself, Whence came it, and Why, and How?--and rest not, till, if
+no better may be, Fancy have shaped out an answer; and either in the
+authentic lineaments of Fact, or the forged ones of Fiction, a complete
+picture and Genetical History of the Man and his spiritual Endeavor lies
+before you. But why," says the Hofrath, and indeed say we, "do I dilate
+on the uses of our Teufelsdrockh's Biography? The great Herr Minister
+von Goethe has penetratingly remarked that Man is properly the _only_
+object that interests man:' thus I too have noted, that in Weissnichtwo
+our whole conversation is little or nothing else but Biography or
+Autobiography; ever humano-anecdotical (_menschlich-anekdotisch_).
+Biography is by nature the most universally profitable, universally
+pleasant of all things: especially Biography of distinguished
+individuals.
+
+"By this time, _mein Verehrtester_ (my Most Esteemed)," continues
+he, with an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from
+Teufelsdrockh, or some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh
+unaccountable, "by this time you are fairly plunged (_vertieft_) in that
+mighty forest of Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers
+do, with astonishment enough. Such portions and passages as you have
+already mastered, and brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange
+curiosity touching the mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled
+psychical mechanism, which manufactured such matter, and emitted it to
+the light of day. Had Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he,
+at one time, wear drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat? Did he ever,
+in rapture and tears, clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also
+wistfully into the long burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds,
+and their low harsh moan, give inarticulate answer? Has he fought
+duels;--good Heaven! how did he comport himself when in Love? By what
+singular stair-steps, in short, and subterranean passages, and sloughs
+of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has he reached this wonderful
+prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry) where he now dwells?
+
+"To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+silent. Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has
+parted with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad
+cookery, blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for
+they have let him pass), has had the Bill to discharge. But the whole
+particulars of his Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque
+Sketches he took, though all regularly jotted down (in indelible
+sympathetic-ink by an invisible interior Penman), are these nowhere
+forthcoming? Perhaps quite lost: one other leaf of that mighty Volume
+(of human Memory) left to fly abroad, unprinted, unpublished, unbound
+up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport of rainy winds?
+
+"No, _verehrtester Herr Herausgeber_, in no wise! I here, by the
+unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only,
+but an Autobiography: at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight: and so the
+whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to
+the wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through
+Hindostan, and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (_einnehmen_)
+great part of this terrestrial Planet!"
+
+And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in
+place of this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find--Six
+considerable PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in
+gilt China-ink, with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs,
+beginning at Libra; in the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous
+masses of Sheets, and oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor
+Teufelsdrockh's scarce legible _cursiv-schrift_; and treating of all
+imaginable things under the Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal
+history only at rare intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+
+Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here,
+speaking in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once
+named. Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological
+Disquisition, "Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The
+continued Possibility of Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite
+private, not unimportant Biographical fact. On certain sheets stand
+Dreams, authentic or not, while the circumjacent waking Actions are
+omitted. Anecdotes, oftenest without date of place or time, fly loosely
+on separate slips, like Sibylline leaves. Interspersed also are long
+purely Autobiographical delineations; yet without connection, without
+recognizable coherence; so unimportant, so superfluously minute, they
+almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk of this Parish." Thus does famine of
+intelligence alternate with waste. Selection, order, appears to be
+unknown to the Professor. In all Bags the same imbroglio; only perhaps
+in the Bag _Capricorn_, and those near it, the confusion a little
+worse confounded. Close by a rather eloquent Oration, "On receiving the
+Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked _bezahlt_ (settled). His Travels
+are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the various cities he has
+visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most living tongues, here is
+perhaps the completest collection extant.
+
+So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which
+by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it! As we shall
+perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in
+the British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them,
+may be spared. Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is,
+clearly enough, none to be gleaned here: at most some sketchy,
+shadowy fugitive likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of
+intellect, partly of imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader,
+rise up between them. Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that
+aqueous-chaotic Volume can the contents of the Six Bags hover round us,
+and portions thereof be incorporated with our delineation of it.
+
+Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles)
+deciphering these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed
+_cursiv-schrift_; collating them with the almost equally unimaginable
+Volume, which stands in legible print. Over such a universal medley of
+high and low, of hot, cold, moist and dry, is he here struggling (by
+union of like with like, which is Method) to build a firm Bridge for
+British travellers. Never perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin
+and Death, built that stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did
+any Pontifex, or Pontiff, undertake such a task as the present Editor.
+For in this Arch too, leading, as we humbly presume, far otherwards
+than that grand primeval one, the materials are to be fished up from the
+weltering deep, and down from the simmering air, here one mass, there
+another, and cunningly cemented, while the elements boil beneath: nor is
+there any supernatural force to do it with; but simply the Diligence
+and feeble thinking Faculty of an English Editor, endeavoring to evolve
+printed Creation out of a German printed and written Chaos, wherein, as
+he shoots to and fro in it, gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to
+the far-distant Wherefore, his whole Faculty and Self are like to be
+swallowed up.
+
+Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little
+but an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for. What is the use of
+health, or of life, if not to do some work therewith? And what work
+nobler than transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic
+soil; except indeed planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are
+privileged to do? Wild as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we
+ever reach its real meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the
+first dim rudiments and already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in
+Universal History. Is not such a prize worth some striving? Forward with
+us, courageous reader; be it towards failure, or towards success! The
+latter thou sharest with us; the former also is not all our own.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK II.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I. GENESIS.
+
+In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether
+from birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight
+is to be gained. Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning
+remains always the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great
+man, we rest not till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole
+circumstances of his first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of
+Public Entry he made, are with utmost completeness rendered manifest.
+To the Genesis of our Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter
+consecrated. Unhappily, indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure
+extraction; uncertain, we might almost say, whether of any: so that this
+Genesis of his can properly be nothing but an Exodus (or transit out
+of Invisibility into Visibility); whereof the preliminary portion is
+nowhere forthcoming.
+
+"In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag _Libra_,
+on various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas
+Futteral and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful
+though now verging towards old age. Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant,
+and even regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but
+now, quitting the halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook,
+cultivated a little Orchard, on the produce of which he,
+Cincinnatus-like, lived not without dignity. Fruits, the peach, the
+apple, the grape, with other varieties came in their season; all which
+Andreas knew how to sell: on evenings he smoked largely, or read (as
+beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and talked to neighbors that would
+listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and how Fritz the Only (_der
+Einzige_) had once with his own royal lips spoken to him, had been
+pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel demanded the pass-word,
+'_Schweig Hund_ (Peace, hound)!' before any of his staff-adjutants could
+answer. '_Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig_, There is what I call a King,'
+would Andreas exclaim: 'but the smoke of Kunersdorf was still smarting
+his eyes.'
+
+"Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than
+the looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (_wer
+kann die Weiberchen dressiren_):' nevertheless she at heart loved him
+both for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and
+Regiment's Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid: what you
+see, yet cannot see over, is as good as infinite. Nay, was not Andreas
+in very deed a man of order, courage, downrightness (_Geradheit_); that
+understood Busching's _Geography_, had been in the victory of Rossbach,
+and left for dead in the camisade of Hochkirch? The good Gretchen, for
+all her fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as only a true
+house-mother can: assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured for him;
+so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but the
+whole habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung,
+looked ever trim and gay: a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in
+fruit-trees and forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising
+many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in
+through the very windows; under its long projecting eaves nothing but
+garden-tools in methodic piles (to screen them from rain), and seats
+where, especially on summer nights, a King might have wished to sit and
+smoke, and call it his. Such a Bauergut (Copyhold) had Gretchen given
+her veteran; whose sinewy arms, and long-disused gardening talent, had
+made it what you saw.
+
+"Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when
+the Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless
+journey visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (_Libra_),
+it was that a Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave
+salutation, stood before the two rather astonished housemates. He was
+close-muffled in a wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding,
+he deposited therefrom what seemed some Basket, overhung with
+green Persian silk; saying only: _Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein
+unschatzbares Verleihen; nehmt es in aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt
+es: mit hohem Lohn, oder wohl mit schweren Zinsen, wird's einst
+zuruckgefordert_. 'Good Christian people, here lies for you an
+invaluable Loan; take all heed thereof, in all carefulness employ it:
+with high recompense, or else with heavy penalty, will it one day be
+required back.' Uttering which singular words, in a clear, bell-like,
+forever memorable tone, the Stranger gracefully withdrew; and before
+Andreas or his wife, gazing in expectant wonder, had time to fashion
+either question or answer, was clean gone. Neither out of doors could
+aught of him be seen or heard; he had vanished in the thickets, in the
+dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly closed: the Stranger was gone once
+and always. So sudden had the whole transaction been, in the autumn
+stillness and twilight, so gentle, noiseless, that the Futterals could
+have fancied it all a trick of Imagination, or some visit from an
+authentic Spirit. Only that the green-silk Basket, such as neither
+Imagination nor authentic Spirits are wont to carry, still stood visible
+and tangible on their little parlor-table. Towards this the astonished
+couple, now with lit candle, hastily turned their attention. Lifting
+the green veil, to see what invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid
+down and rich white wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but,
+in the softest sleep, a little red-colored Infant! Beside it, lay a roll
+of gold Friedrichs, the exact amount of which was never publicly known;
+also a _Taufschein_ (baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately
+nothing but the Name was decipherable, other document or indication none
+whatever.
+
+"To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire
+of any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had
+passed through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with
+this Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise. Meanwhile, for
+Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was: What to do
+with this little sleeping red-colored Infant? Amid amazements and
+curiosities, which had to die away without external satisfying, they
+resolved, as in such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must,
+on nursing it, though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible
+into manhood. The Heavens smiled on their endeavor: thus has that
+same mysterious Individual ever since had a status for himself in this
+visible Universe, some modicum of victual and lodging and parade-ground;
+and now expanded in bulk, faculty and knowledge of good and evil, he, as
+HERR DIOGENES TEUFELSDROCKH, professes or is ready to profess, perhaps
+not altogether without effect, in the new University of Weissnichtwo,
+the new Science of Things in General."
+
+Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral,
+In his twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite
+indelible impression. Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that
+glided into the Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as
+on spirit's wings, glided out again, might be? An inexpressible desire,
+full of love and of sadness, has often since struggled within me to
+shape an answer. Ever, in my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy
+turned, full of longing (_sehnsuchtsvoll_), to that unknown Father,
+who perhaps far from me, perhaps near, either way invisible, might have
+taken me to his paternal bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe.
+Thou beloved Father, dost thou still, shut out from me only by thin
+penetrable curtains of earthly Space, wend to and fro among the crowd
+of the living? Or art thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the
+Everlasting Night, or rather of the Everlasting Day, through which my
+mortal eye and outstretched arms need not strive to reach? Alas, I know
+not, and in vain vex myself to know. More than once, heart-deluded,
+have I taken for thee this and the other noble-looking Stranger; and
+approached him wistfully, with infinite regard; but he too had to repel
+me, he too was not thou.
+
+"And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of
+his sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar? Hadst thou, any more
+than I, a Father whom thou knowest? The Andreas and Gretchen, or the
+Adam and Eve, who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed
+thee there, whom thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine,
+but thy nursing-father and nursing-mother: thy true Beginning and Father
+is in Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only
+with the spiritual....
+
+"The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+Diogenes Teufelsdrockh. From the veil can nothing be inferred: a piece
+of now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others. On the Name I
+have many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay
+there any clew. That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to
+believe. To no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's
+Books, in and without the German Empire, and through all manner
+of Subscriber-Lists (_Pranumeranten_), Militia-Rolls, and other
+Name-catalogues; extraordinary names as we have in Germany, the name
+Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to my own person, nowhere occurs.
+Again, what may the unchristian rather than Christian 'Diogenes' mean?
+Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such designation, to shadow
+forth my future destiny, or his own present malign humor? Perhaps the
+latter, perhaps both. Thou ill-starred Parent, who like an Ostrich hadst
+to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into self-support by
+the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have been a smooth
+one? Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed by the
+worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct. Often have I fancied how,
+in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit
+(_Zeitgeist_) in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee
+was seered into grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave
+in me an indignant appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest
+against the Devil, as that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time
+itself, is well named! Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add,
+was not perhaps quite lost in air.
+
+"For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously
+(for there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the
+very skin. And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send
+inwards, even to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times,
+when the whole soul is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain
+will grow to be an all overshadowing tree! Names? Could I unfold the
+influence of Names, which are the most important of all Clothings, I
+were a second greater Trismegistus. Not only all common Speech, but
+Science, Poetry itself is no other, if thou consider it, than a right
+_Naming_. Adam's first task was giving names to natural Appearances:
+what is ours still but a continuation of the same; be the Appearances
+exotic-vegetable, organic, mechanic, stars, or starry movements (as
+in Science); or (as in Poetry) passions, virtues, calamities,
+God-attributes, Gods?--In a very plain sense the Proverb says, _Call
+one a thief, and he will steal_; in an almost similar sense may we not
+perhaps say, _Call one Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the
+Philosophy of Clothes_?"
+
+
+"Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word,
+by all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a
+whole infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring
+daily to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe
+where he had arrived, be his task therein what it might. Infinite was
+his progress; thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle
+of--Speech! To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh
+(celestial) Egg; wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by
+degrees organic elements and fibres shoot through the watery albumen;
+and out of vague Sensation grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and
+we have Philosophies, Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+
+"Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive
+had they in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high
+consummations, by quick yet easy stages. The Futterals, to avoid vain
+talk, and moreover keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that
+he was a grandnephew; the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly
+deceased, in Andreas's distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of
+her indigent sorrowing widower, little enough was known at Entepfuhl.
+Heedless of all which, the Nursling took to his spoon-meat, and throve.
+I have heard him noted as a still infant, that kept his mind much to
+himself; above all, that seldom or never cried. He already felt
+that time was precious; that he had other work cut out for him than
+whimpering."
+
+
+Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these
+miscellaneous Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr
+Teufelsdrockh's genealogy. More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem
+to few readers than to us. The Professor, in whom truly we more and more
+discern a certain satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish
+whim, for the present stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him:
+but seems it not conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral,"
+or some other perhaps interested party, he has himself been deceived?
+Should these sheets, translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl
+Circulating Library, some cultivated native of that district might feel
+called to afford explanation. Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts,
+permeate the whole habitable globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe
+from British Literature, may not some Copy find out even the mysterious
+basket-bearing Stranger, who in a state of extreme senility perhaps
+still exists; and gently force even him to disclose himself; to claim
+openly a son, in whom any father may feel pride?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC.
+
+"HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh: "Kind Nature, that
+art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing
+of Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round
+(_umgaukelt_) by sweetest Dreams! If the paternal Cottage still shuts us
+in, its roof still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet,
+priest and king, and an Obedience that makes us free. The young spirit
+has awakened out of Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet
+Time is no fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to
+the child are as ages: ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or
+quicker decay and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric,
+from the granite mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in
+a motionless Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling
+Universe is forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair
+Child, for thy long rough journey is at hand! A little while, and thou
+too shalt sleep no more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles;
+thou too, with old Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience: 'Rest?
+Rest? Shall I not have all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe!
+though a Pyrrhus conquer empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he
+finds thee not; and thou hast once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on
+the eyelids, on the heart of every mother's child. For as yet, sleep
+and waking are one: the fair Life-garden rustles infinite around, and
+everywhere is dewy fragrance, and the budding of Hope; which budding, if
+in youth, too frost-nipt, it grow to flowers, will in manhood yield no
+fruit, but a prickly, bitter-rinded stone-fruit, of which the fewest can
+find the kernel."
+
+In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look
+back on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing
+of much other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an
+almost wearisome minuteness. We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black
+Sea, into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all
+other rows and clumps, towered up from the central _Agora_ and _Campus
+Martius_ of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat
+talking under its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the
+wearied laborers reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the
+young men and maidens often danced to flute-music. "Glorious summer
+twilights," cries Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror
+and Imperial Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple
+emblazonry, and all his fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and
+the tired brickmakers of this clay Earth might steal a little frolic,
+and those few meek Stars would not tell of them!"
+
+Then we have long details of the _Weinlesen_ (Vintage), the
+Harvest-Home, Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the
+Entepfuhl Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial
+shades from those of other countries. Concerning all which, we shall
+here, for obvious reasons, say nothing. What cares the world for our as
+yet miniature Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "?
+Or even where is the use of such practical reflections as the following?
+"In all the sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages
+and defacements, you shall discern a creative instinct (_schaffenden
+Trieb_): the Mankin feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is
+to work. The choicest present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or
+pen-gun, for construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work,
+for Change. In gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains
+himself to Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed:
+the little Maid again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with
+preference to Dolls."
+
+Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+relates it: "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather,
+I should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and
+indivisible, reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs:
+of which fashion how little could I then divine the architectural, how
+much less the moral significance!"
+
+More graceful is the following little picture: "On fine evenings I was
+wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+out-of-doors. On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach
+by climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed: there, many a sunset, have I,
+looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish,
+my evening meal. Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless
+I was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+gilding."
+
+With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not
+much intermeddle. It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper
+sympathy with animated Nature:" but when, we would ask, saw any man,
+in a collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this:
+"Impressive enough (_bedeutungsvoll_) was it to hear, in early morning,
+the Swineherd's horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds
+were, on all sides, starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on
+the Heath. Or to see them at eventide, all marching in again, with short
+squeak, almost in military order; and each, topographically correct,
+trotting off in succession to the right or left, through its own lane,
+to its own dwelling; till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone,
+blew his last blast, and retired for the night. We are wont to love the
+Hog chiefly in the form of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned
+beings here manifest intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any
+rate, a touching, trustful submissiveness to Man,--who, were he but a
+Swineherd, in darned gabardine, and leather breeches more resembling
+slate or discolored-tin breeches, is still the Hierarch of this lower
+world?"
+
+It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius
+is quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+dunces. Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver: the inner man of
+the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has
+exuded and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at
+the bottom of his stomach. "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh,
+"I should as soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by
+favorable or unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into
+a cabbage, or the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+
+"Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence
+of early culture and nurture: hereby we have either a doddered dwarf
+bush, or a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow
+cabbage, or an edible luxuriant green one. Of a truth, it is the duty of
+all men, especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+hindered, what in any way modified it: to which duty, nowadays so
+pressing for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address
+myself."--Thou rogue! Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and
+swineherd horns, that an infant of genius is educated? And yet, as
+usual, it ever remains doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at
+these Autobiographical times of ours, or writing from the abundance of
+his own fond ineptitude. For he continues: "If among the ever-streaming
+currents of Sights, Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as
+in a Magic Hall, young Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to
+select and specify, perhaps these following were also of the number:
+
+"Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the
+young creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency
+given him by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect,
+could not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.' Eagerly I
+hung upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from
+these perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a
+dim world of Adventure expanded itself within me. Incalculable also
+was the knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the
+Linden-tree: the whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these
+reverend seniors, talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys
+thereof for nigh fourscore years? With amazement I began to discover
+that Entepfuhl stood in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there
+was such a thing as History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by
+hand and tongue, might contribute.
+
+"In a like sense worked the _Postwagen_ (Stage-coach), which,
+slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our
+Village: northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly
+at eventide. Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen
+could be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere
+Law of Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways,
+from far cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous
+shuttle into closer and closer union. It was then that, independently
+of Schiller's _Wilhelm Tell_, I made this not quite insignificant
+reflection (so true also in spiritual things): _Any road, this simple
+Entepfuhl road, will lead you to the end of the World_!
+
+"Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of
+May, snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby? The hospitable Father (for
+cleanliness' sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest:
+there they built, and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I
+chiefly, from the heart loved them. Bright, nimble creatures, who
+taught you the mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic
+incorporation, almost social police? For if, by ill chance, and when
+time pressed, your House fell, have I not seen five neighborly
+Helpers appear next day; and swashing to and fro, with animated, loud,
+long-drawn chirpings, and activity almost super-hirundine, complete it
+again before nightfall?
+
+"But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture,
+where as in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and
+simultaneously poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair. Here,
+assembling from all the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable
+hurry-burly. Nut-brown maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed,
+loud-laughing, bedizened and beribanded; who came for dancing, for
+treating, and if possible, for happiness. Topbooted Graziers from the
+North; Swiss Brokers, Italian Drovers, also topbooted, from the South;
+these with their subalterns in leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and
+long ox-goads; shouting in half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate
+barking and bellowing. Apart stood Potters from far Saxony, with their
+crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed
+richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen from the Lago Maggiore; detachments
+of the _Wiener Schub_ (Offscourings of Vienna) vociferously
+superintending games of chance. Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers
+grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (_heuriger_) flowed like water, still
+worse confounding the confusion; and high over all, vaulted, in
+ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew, like the genius
+of the place and of Life itself.
+
+"Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes
+of contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,--did the Child
+sit and learn. These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime
+he was to syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World: what
+matters it whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small
+ungilt ones, so you have an eye to read it? For Gneschen, eager to
+learn, the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded
+all: his existence was a bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as
+in Prospero's Island, wonder after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach
+by charming.
+
+"Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my
+felicity was perfect. I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into
+the Earth. Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even
+in childhood a dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and
+often quite overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader
+and broader; till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy,
+and threatened to engulf me in final night. It was the ring of Necessity
+whereby we are all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun
+brightens it into a ring of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful
+prismatic diffractions; yet ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole
+being, it is there.
+
+"For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly
+to look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that. If good
+Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most.
+In all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished?
+On the other side, however, things went not so well. My Active Power
+(_Thatkraft_) was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many
+traces yet abide with me! In an orderly house, where the litter of
+children's sports is hateful enough, your training is too stoical;
+rather to bear and forbear than to make and do. I was forbid much:
+wishes in any measure bold I had to renounce; everywhere a strait bond
+of Obedience inflexibly held me down. Thus already Freewill often came
+in painful collision with Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at
+seasons the Child itself might taste that root of bitterness, wherewith
+the whole fruitage of our life is mingled and tempered.
+
+"In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer
+to err by excess than by defect. Obedience is our universal duty and
+destiny; wherein whoso will not bend must break: too early and too
+thoroughly we cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of
+ours, is as mere zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of
+fractions even to Shall. Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly
+Discretion, nay of Morality itself. Let me not quarrel with my
+upbringing. It was rigorous, too frugal, compressively secluded, every
+way unscientific: yet in that very strictness and domestic solitude
+might there not lie the root of deeper earnestness, of the stem from
+which all noble fruit must grow? Above all, how unskilful soever, it was
+loving, it was well-meant, honest; whereby every deficiency was helped.
+My kind Mother, for as such I must ever love the good Gretchen, did me
+one altogether invaluable service: she taught me, less indeed by word
+than by act and daily reverent look and habitude, her own simple version
+of the Christian Faith. Andreas too attended Church; yet more like
+a parade-duty, for which he in the other world expected pay with
+arrears,--as, I trust, he has received; but my Mother, with a true
+woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense, was in the strictest
+acceptation Religious. How indestructibly the Good grows, and propagates
+itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil! The highest whom
+I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe unspeakable, before a
+Higher in Heaven: such things, especially in infancy, reach inwards to
+the very core of your being; mysteriously does a Holy of Holies build
+itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and Reverence, the
+divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean envelopment of
+Fear. Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew, were it never so
+rudely, there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's son that only
+knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the family-coach?"
+
+To which last question we must answer: Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+spiritual pride!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY.
+
+Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed,
+and much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his
+soft hazel eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still
+intelligence) called upon for little voluntary movement there. Hitherto,
+accordingly, his aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient
+Philosopher and Poet in the abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr
+Heuschrecke himself to say wherein the special Doctrine of Clothes is
+as yet foreshadowed or betokened. For with Gneschen, as with others, the
+Man may indeed stand pictured in the Boy (at least all the pigments are
+there); yet only some half of the Man stands in the Child, or young Boy,
+namely, his Passive endowment, not his Active. The more impatient are we
+to discover what figure he cuts in this latter capacity; how, when, to
+use his own words, "he understands the tools a little, and can handle
+this or that," he will proceed to handle it.
+
+Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our
+Philosopher's history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:
+nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity"
+of his, which, with no free development of the antagonist Activity,
+distinguished his childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that,
+in after days, and still in these present days, astonishes the world.
+For the shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without
+Activity of any kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man
+with Activity almost superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden,
+enigmatic, that no mortal can foresee its explosions, or even when
+it has exploded, so much as ascertain its significance. A dangerous,
+difficult temper for the modern European; above all, disadvantageous in
+the hero of a Biography! Now as heretofore it will behoove the Editor of
+these pages, were it never so unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+
+Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man
+of letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books. On this portion of his
+History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent. Reading he
+"cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature.
+He says generally: "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken. I learned
+what others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head,
+seeing as yet no manner of use in it. My Schoolmaster, a down-bent,
+broken-hearted, underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did
+little for me, except discover that he could do little: he, good soul,
+pronounced me a genius, fit for the learned professions; and that I must
+be sent to the Gymnasium, and one day to the University. Meanwhile,
+what printed thing soever I could meet with I read. My very copper
+pocket-money I laid out on stall-literature; which, as it accumulated,
+I with my own hands sewed into volumes. By this means was the young
+head furnished with a considerable miscellany of things and shadows
+of things: History in authentic fragments lay mingled with Fabulous
+chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the whole not as dead stuff, but
+as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic."
+
+That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know. Indeed,
+already in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there
+may have been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms
+of a spirit singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical. Thus, to say
+nothing of his Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that
+earlier period, have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their
+twelfth year, on such reflections as the following? "It struck me much,
+as I sat by the Kuhbach, one silent noontide, and watched it flowing,
+gurgling, to think how this same streamlet had flowed and gurgled,
+through all changes of weather and of fortune, from beyond the earliest
+date of History. Yes, probably on the morning when Joshua forded Jordan;
+even as at the mid-day when Caesar, doubtless with difficulty, swam the
+Nile, yet kept his _Commentaries_ dry,--this little Kuhbach, assiduous
+as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was murmuring on across the wilderness, as
+yet unnamed, unseen: here, too, as in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is
+a vein or veinlet of the grand World-circulation of Waters, which, with
+its atmospheric arteries, has lasted and lasts simply with the World.
+Thou fool! Nature alone is antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that
+idle crag thou sittest on is six thousand years of age." In which little
+thought, as in a little fountain, may there not lie the beginning of
+those well-nigh unutterable meditations on the grandeur and mystery
+of TIME, and its relation to ETERNITY, which play such a part in this
+Philosophy of Clothes?
+
+Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers
+so lyrical and joyful as over his childhood. Green sunny tracts there
+are still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+stagnating into sour marshes of discontent. "With my first view of the
+Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began. Well do I still
+remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope
+by the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place,
+and saw its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and _Schuldthurm_
+(Jail), and the aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast:
+a little dog, in mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps
+had tied a tin kettle to its tail; thus did the agonized creature,
+loud-jingling, career through the whole length of the Borough, and
+become notable enough. Fit emblem of many a Conquering Hero, to
+whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense, as it often elsewhere does) has
+malignantly appended a tin kettle of Ambition, to chase him on; which
+the faster he runs, urges him the faster, the more loudly and more
+foolishly! Fit emblem also of much that awaited myself, in that
+mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion and epitome!
+
+"Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance: I
+was among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards
+me; the young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone."
+His school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him: "They were Boys," he
+says, "mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which
+bids the deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to
+death any broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong
+tyrannize over the weak." He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual
+degree morally courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain
+have avoided it; a result, as would appear, owing less to his small
+personal stature (for in passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"),
+than to his "virtuous principles:" "if it was disgraceful to be beaten,"
+says he, "it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as
+fought; thus was I drawn two ways at once, and in this important element
+of school-history, the war-element, had little but sorrow." On the
+whole, that same excellent "Passivity," so notable in Teufelsdrockh's
+childhood, is here visibly enough again getting nourishment. "He wept
+often; indeed to such a degree that he was nicknamed _Der Weinende_ (the
+Tearful), which epithet, till towards his thirteenth year, was indeed
+not quite unmerited. Only at rare intervals did the young soul burst
+forth into fire-eyed rage, and, with a stormfulness (_Ungestum_) under
+which the boldest quailed, assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at
+least of Mankin." In all which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree
+and cinnamon-tree (of genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and
+ignoble shrubs; and forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only,
+and not outwards; into a _height_ quite sickly, and disproportioned to
+its _breadth_?
+
+We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So
+that, except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went
+about, as was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there
+learning many things;" and farther lighted on some small store
+of curious reading, in Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he
+lodged,--his time, it would appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the
+Professor has not yet learned to look upon with any contentment. Indeed,
+throughout the whole of this Bag _Scorpio_, where we now are, and often
+in the following Bag, he shows himself unusually animated on the matter
+of Education, and not without some touch of what we might presume to be
+anger.
+
+"My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it
+fostering the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical
+Gerund-grinder, the like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be
+manufactured at Nurnberg out of wood and leather, foster the growth
+of anything; much more of Mind, which grows, not like a vegetable (by
+having its roots littered with etymological compost), but like a spirit,
+by mysterious contact of Spirit; Thought kindling itself at the fire of
+living Thought? How shall _he_ give kindling, in whose own inward
+man there is no live coal, but all is burnt out to a dead grammatical
+cinder? The Hinterschlag Professors knew syntax enough; and of the human
+soul thus much: that it had a faculty called Memory, and could be acted
+on through the muscular integument by appliance of birch-rods.
+
+"Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+all hands fitly encouraged: till communities and individuals discover,
+not without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by
+Knowledge can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by
+Gunpowder; that with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there
+should be world-honored Dignitaries, and were it possible, true
+God-ordained Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the Soldier wears
+openly, and even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have
+travelled, did the Schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool: nay,
+were he to walk abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom
+expected honor, would there not, among the idler class, perhaps a
+certain levity be excited?"
+
+In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+melancholy. "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable
+silent nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word,
+NEVER! now first showed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got
+vent; but in my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in
+silent desolation. Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is
+so healthful that it even finds nourishment in Death: these stern
+experiences, planted down by Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a
+whole cypress-forest, sad but beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious
+sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the hottest sunshine, through long years
+of youth:--as in manhood also it does, and will do; for I have now
+pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree; the Tomb is now my inexpugnable
+Fortress, ever close by the gate of which I look upon the hostile
+armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous Life placidly enough,
+and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still smile. O ye loved
+ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest, whom in life I
+could only weep for and never help; and ye, who wide-scattered still
+toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the flinty ground with
+your blood,--yet a little while, and we shall all meet THERE, and
+our Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's harness, and
+Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol and inhabit
+ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+
+Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of
+the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in
+life (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the
+genealogy of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the
+Fowler: the whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It
+only concerns us to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen
+revealed to her foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or
+indeed of any kindred, having come into historical existence in the way
+already known to us. "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not
+only of Possession, but even of Remembrance. Sorrow and Wonder,
+here suddenly united, could not but produce abundant fruit. Such a
+disclosure, in such a season, struck its roots through my whole
+nature: ever till the years of mature manhood, it mingled with my whole
+thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my day-dreams and night-dreams
+grew. A certain poetic elevation, yet also a corresponding civic
+depression, it naturally imparted: _I was like no other_; in which
+fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener to frightfullest
+results, may there not lie the first spring of tendencies, which in
+my Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth, so in action,
+speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not numerous."
+
+
+In the Bag _Sagittarius_, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will
+nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the
+way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our
+readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in
+a Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found,
+and must always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In _Sagittarius_,
+however, Teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than
+usually Sibylline: fragments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir,
+College-Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn
+Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together
+as if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To
+combine any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much
+more, to decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the
+Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.
+
+So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at
+length perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the
+living Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities. From such
+Fountain he draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his
+whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements,
+entanglements, aberrations are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps
+are even pecuniary distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in
+spite of advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him
+hither, must after a time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand."
+Nevertheless in an atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humor
+of that young Soul, what character is in him, first decisively reveals
+itself; and, like strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of
+colors, some of which are prismatic. Thus, with the aid of Time and of
+what Time brings, has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdrockh waxed into
+manly stature; and into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new
+eagerness, How he specially came by it, and regret anew that there is
+no more explicit answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially
+significant fragments, which are few in number, shall be extracted from
+that Limbo of a Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.
+
+As if, in the Bag _Scorpio_, Teufelsdrockh had not already expectorated
+his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name _Sagittarius_, he had
+thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in with
+such matter as this: "The University where I was educated still stands
+vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which name,
+however, I, from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall in
+nowise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England and
+Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Universities.
+This is indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly as may be,
+impossible: however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit: nay,
+I can conceive a worse system than that of the Nameless itself; as
+poisoned victual may be worse than absolute hunger.
+
+"It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+ditch: wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer,
+if both leader and led simply--sit still? Had you, anywhere in Crim
+Tartary, walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small,
+ill-chosen Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred
+Christian striplings, to tumble about as they listed, from three to
+seven years: certain persons, under the title of Professors, being
+stationed at the gates, to declare aloud that it was a University, and
+exact considerable admission-fees,--you had, not indeed in mechanical
+structure, yet in spirit and result, some imperfect resemblance of our
+High Seminary. I say, imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was
+quite other, so neither was our result altogether the same: unhappily,
+we were not in Crim Tartary, but in a corrupt European city, full of
+smoke and sin; moreover, in the middle of a Public, which, without far
+costlier apparatus than that of the Square Enclosure, and Declaration
+aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+
+"Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled,
+with the most surprising profit. Towards anything like a _Statistics
+of Imposture_, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange
+indifference, our Economists, nigh buried under Tables for
+minor Branches of Industry, have altogether overlooked the grand
+all-overtopping Hypocrisy Branch; as if our whole arts of Puffery, of
+Quackery, Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the innumerable other crafts and
+mysteries of that genus, had not ranked in Productive Industry at all!
+Can any one, for example, so much as say, What moneys, in Literature and
+Shoeblacking, are realized by actual Instruction and actual jet Polish;
+what by fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such; specifying,
+in distinct items, the distributions, circulations, disbursements,
+incomings of said moneys, with the smallest approach to accuracy? But
+to ask, How far, in all the several infinitely complected departments
+of social business, in government, education, in manual, commercial,
+intellectual fabrication of every sort, man's Want is supplied by true
+Ware; how far by the mere Appearance of true Ware:--in other words, To
+what extent, by what methods, with what effects, in various times and
+countries, Deception takes the place of wages of Performance: here
+truly is an Inquiry big with results for the future time, but to which
+hitherto only the vaguest answer can be given. If for the present, in
+our Europe, we estimate the ratio of Ware to Appearance of Ware so high
+even as at One to a Hundred (which, considering the Wages of a Pope,
+Russian Autocrat, or English Game-Preserver, is probably not far from
+the mark),--what almost prodigious saving may there not be anticipated,
+as the _Statistics of Imposture_ advances, and so the manufacturing of
+Shams (that of Realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction
+therefrom) gradually declines, and at length becomes all but wholly
+unnecessary!
+
+"This for the coming golden ages. What I had to remark, for the present
+brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can
+as yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature,
+and man's Gullibility not his worst blessing. Suppose your sinews of
+war quite broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but
+exhausted; and that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut
+your and each other's throat,--then were it not well could you, as if
+by miracle, pay them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated
+water, or mere imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came
+up, they might be kept together and quiet? Such perhaps was the aim of
+Nature, who does nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite,
+Man, with this his so omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being
+Gulled.
+
+"How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+mechanism for itself! These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then
+too with no great effort, by quite another class of persons. Which
+Reputation, like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the
+general current, bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on
+their part, to hold long together, and of its own accord assiduously
+grind for them. Happy that it was so, for the Millers! They themselves
+needed not to work; their attempts at working, at what they called
+Educating, now when I look back on it, fill me with a certain mute
+admiration.
+
+"Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into
+a state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to
+end in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (_crepiren_)
+in finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.--But
+this too is portion of mankind's lot. If our era is the Era of Unbelief,
+why murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come? As in
+long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith
+alternate with the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer
+luxuriance of all Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations,
+be followed by, and again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter
+dissolution. For man lives in Time, has his whole earthly being,
+endeavor and destiny shaped for him by Time: only in the transitory
+Time-Symbol is the ever-motionless Eternity we stand on made manifest.
+And yet, in such winter-seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler-minded
+perhaps a comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and
+work; and for the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating animals,
+safe-lodged in some Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other
+superstitious or voluptuous Castle of Indolence, they can slumber
+through, in stupid dreams, and only awaken when the loud-roaring
+hailstorms have all alone their work, and to our prayers and martyrdoms
+the new Spring has been vouchsafed."
+
+That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful. "The
+hungry young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for
+food, were bidden eat the east-wind. What vain jargon of controversial
+Metaphysic, Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named
+Science, was current there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the
+most. Among eleven hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting
+some eleven eager to learn. By collision with such, a certain warmth, a
+certain polish was communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took
+less to rioting (_renommiren_), than to thinking and reading, which
+latter also I was free to do. Nay from the chaos of that Library, I
+succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps than had been known to the
+very keepers thereof. The foundation of a Literary Life was hereby laid:
+I learned, on my own strength, to read fluently in almost all cultivated
+languages, on almost all subjects and sciences; farther, as man is ever
+the prime object to man, already it was my favorite employment to read
+character in speculation, and from the Writing to construe the Writer.
+A certain groundplan of Human Nature and Life began to fashion itself in
+me; wondrous enough, now when I look back on it; for my whole Universe,
+physical and spiritual, was as yet a Machine! However, such a conscious,
+recognized groundplan, the truest I had, _was_ beginning to be there,
+and by additional experiments might be corrected and indefinitely
+extended."
+
+Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for
+himself the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help. Nevertheless
+a desert this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters.
+Teufelsdrockh gives us long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;"
+his Inquiries concerning Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith;
+and how "in the silent night-watches, still darker in his heart than
+over sky and earth, he has cast himself before the All-seeing, and with
+audible prayers cried vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death
+and the Grave. Not till after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did
+the believing heart surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the
+nightmare, Unbelief; and, in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair
+living world for a pallid, vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium. But
+through such Purgatory pain," continues he, "it is appointed us to
+pass; first must the dead Letter of Religion own itself dead, and drop
+piecemeal into dust, if the living Spirit of Religion, freed from this
+its charnel-house, is to arise on us, new-born of Heaven, and with new
+healing under its wings."
+
+To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season
+of youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here
+so poor in means,--do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed and
+overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling
+up among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor
+than of clear flame?
+
+From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to
+be inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had
+not altogether escaped notice: certain established men are aware of his
+existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their
+eyes on him. He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+himself to the Profession of Law;--whereof, indeed, the world has since
+seen him a public graduate. But omitting these broken, unsatisfactory
+thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the following small
+thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for himself weaving
+it in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture of these
+University years.
+
+"Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as
+it is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality
+(_von Adel_), from the interior parts of England. He stood connected, by
+blood and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of
+Germany; to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all
+friendliness, brought near. Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably
+ill-cultivated; with considerable humor of character: and, bating his
+total ignorance, for he knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar,
+showed less of that aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for
+most part belongs to Travellers of his nation. To him I owe my first
+practical knowledge of the English and their ways; perhaps also
+something of the partiality with which I have ever since regarded that
+singular people. Towgood was not without an eye, could he have come at
+any light. Invited doubtless by the presence of the Zahdarm Family,
+he had travelled hither, in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his
+studies; he, whose studies had as yet been those of infancy, hither to
+a University where so much as the notion of perfection, not to say the
+effort after it, no longer existed! Often we would condole over the hard
+destiny of the Young in this era: how, after all our toil, we were to be
+turned out into the world, with beards on our chins indeed, but with few
+other attributes of manhood; no existing thing that we were trained to
+Act on, nothing that we could so much as Believe. 'How has our head on
+the outside a polished Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the inside
+Vacancy, or a froth of Vocables and Attorney-Logic! At a small cost men
+are educated to make leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am
+I educated to make? By Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten
+and worn, as I came thus far, would endow a considerable Hospital of
+Incurables.'--'Man, indeed,' I would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty,
+which must be kept working, were it even partly by stealth. But as for
+our Miseducation, make not bad worse; waste not the time yet ours, in
+trampling on thistles because they have yielded us no figs. _Frisch
+zu, Bruder_! Here are Books, and we have brains to read them; here is
+a whole Earth and a whole Heaven, and we have eyes to look on them:
+_Frisch zu_!'
+
+"Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire.
+We looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at
+once harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered: motley, not
+unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. For
+myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours. Towards this young
+warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even
+near experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship. Yes, foolish
+Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+always. By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants.
+If man's _Soul_ is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+Philosophy, a kind of _Stomach_, what else is the true meaning of
+Spiritual Union but an Eating together? Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+
+So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+romance. What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+where. Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+man?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY.
+
+"Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as
+quitting College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes
+Teufelsdrockh: a visible Temporary Figure (_Zeitbild_), occupying some
+cubic feet of Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and
+spiritual; hopes, passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in
+more or less perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man. Capabilities
+there were in me to give battle, in some small degree, against the
+great Empire of Darkness: does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with
+his spade, extinguish many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a
+little Order, where he found the opposite? Nay your very Day-moth has
+capabilities in this kind; and ever organizes something (into its own
+Body, if no otherwise), which was before Inorganic; and of mute dead air
+makes living music, though only of the faintest, by humming.
+
+"How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned,
+or begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought! Thaumaturgic
+I name it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and
+henceforth innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days,
+witness some. Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it
+makes and unmakes whole worlds, I shall forbear mention: but cannot
+the dullest hear Steam-engines clanking around him? Has he not seen the
+Scottish Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling
+on fire-wings round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than
+any other Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching
+and carrying: at home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough
+overturning the whole old system of Society; and, for Feudalism and
+Preservation of the Game, preparing us, by indirect but sure methods,
+Industrialism and the Government of the Wisest? Truly a Thinking Man is
+the worst enemy the Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one
+announces himself, I doubt not, there runs a shudder through the
+Nether Empire; and new Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if
+possible, entrap him, and hoodwink and handcuff him.
+
+"With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe,
+been called. Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace
+and War against the Time-Prince (_Zeitfurst_), or Devil, and all his
+Dominions, your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is
+so difficult to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+
+By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"? "Not
+what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom. To each is
+given a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune;
+to each, by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of
+Capability. But the hardest problem were ever this first: To find by
+study of yourself, and of the ground you stand on, what your combined
+inward and outward Capability specially is. For, alas, our young soul is
+all budding with Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and
+true one. Always too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions;
+his course can be the _fac-simile_ of no prior one, but is by its
+nature original. And then how seldom will the outward Capability fit
+the inward: though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended,
+dyspeptical, bashful; nay what is worse than all, we are foolish. Thus,
+in a whole imbroglio of Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to
+grope which is ours, and often clutch the wrong one: in this mad work
+must several years of our small term be spent, till the purblind Youth,
+by practice, acquire notions of distance, and become a seeing Man. Nay,
+many so spend their whole term, and in ever-new expectation, ever-new
+disappointment, shift from enterprise to enterprise, and from side to
+side: till at length, as exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten,
+they shift into their last enterprise, that of getting buried.
+
+"Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general
+fate; were it not that one thing saves us: our Hunger. For on this
+ground, as the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt
+choice be made: hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and
+Apprenticeships for our irrational young; whereby, in due season, the
+vague universality of a Man shall find himself ready-moulded into a
+specific Craftsman; and so thenceforth work, with much or with little
+waste of Capability as it may be; yet not with the worst waste, that of
+time. Nay even in matters spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is
+born blind, and does not, like certain other creatures, receive sight
+in nine days, but far later, sometimes never,--is it not well that there
+should be what we call Professions, or Bread-studies (_Brodzwecke_),
+preappointed us? Here, circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial
+or total blindness is no evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly
+round and round, still fancying that it is forward and forward; and
+realize much: for himself victual; for the world an additional horse's
+power in the grand corn-mill or hemp-mill of Economic Society. For
+me too had such a leading-string been provided; only that it proved a
+neck-halter, and had nigh throttled me, till I broke it off. Then, in
+the words of Ancient Pistol, did the world generally become mine oyster,
+which I, by strength or cunning, was to open, as I would and could.
+Almost had I deceased (_fast war ich umgekommen_), so obstinately did it
+continue shut."
+
+We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was
+to befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as
+it painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+details, through this Bag _Pisces_, and those that follow. A young man
+of high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled
+colt, "breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar
+manger, into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced
+in. Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden
+pasture: either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or,
+in mad exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer
+stone-walls, which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame
+him; till at last, after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by
+miracle, clears his way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover,
+yet into a certain bosky wilderness where existence is still possible,
+and Freedom, though waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness.
+In a word, Teufelsdrockh having thrown up his legal Profession, finds
+himself without landmark of outward guidance; whereby his previous
+want of decided Belief, or inward guidance, is frightfully aggravated.
+Necessity urges him on; Time will not stop, neither can he, a Son
+of Time; wild passions without solacement, wild faculties without
+employment, ever vex and agitate him. He too must enact that stern
+Monodrama, _No Object and no Rest_; must front its successive destinies,
+work through to its catastrophe, and deduce therefrom what moral he can.
+
+Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat
+nowise easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off.
+If we look at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital,
+as he emerges from its Nameless University, we can discern well that
+it was far from enviable. His first Law-Examination he has come through
+triumphantly; and can even boast that the _Examen Rigorosum_ need
+not have frightened him: but though he is hereby "an _Auscultator_ of
+respectability," what avails it? There is next to no employment to
+be had. Neither, for a youth without connections, is the process of
+Expectation very hopeful in itself; nor for one of his disposition
+much cheered from without. "My fellow Auscultators," he says, "were
+Auscultators: they dressed, and digested, and talked articulate words;
+other vitality showed they almost none. Small speculation in those eyes,
+that they did glare withal! Sense neither for the high nor for the
+deep, nor for aught human or divine, save only for the faintest scent of
+coming Preferment." In which words, indicating a total estrangement on
+the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not also lurk traces of a bitterness
+as from wounded vanity? Doubtless these prosaic Auscultators may have
+sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and tried to hate, and what was
+much more impossible, to despise him. Friendly communion, in any case,
+there could not be: already has the young Teufelsdrockh left the other
+young geese; and swims apart, though as yet uncertain whether he himself
+is cygnet or gosling.
+
+Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+unpleasantly. "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of;
+but is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only
+the deeper-seated? So shy a man can never have been popular. We figure
+to ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with
+his independence, and so forth: do not his own words betoken as much?
+"Like a very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not
+also with Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been
+appointed to struggle." Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined
+to patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up
+as "a man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+protests. "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved
+on it! But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing
+for a gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust
+nothing but the common copper."
+
+How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward
+without return, is not too clear from these Documents. Good old Gretchen
+seems to have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other
+Horn of Plenty, or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that
+"the prompt nature of Hunger being well known," we are not without our
+anxiety. From private Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences,
+the aid derivable is small; neither, to use his own words, "does the
+young Adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift; but at
+best earns bread-and-water wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.
+Nevertheless," continues he, "that I subsisted is clear, for you find me
+even now alive." Which fact, however, except upon the principle of our
+true-hearted, kind old Proverb, that "there is always life for a living
+one," we must profess ourselves unable to explain.
+
+Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the
+mark of Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way. Here also
+occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps
+throw light on his condition. The first has now no date, or writer's
+name, but a huge Blot; and runs to this effect: "The (_Inkblot_), tied
+down by previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the
+Herr Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees
+himself under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what
+were otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a
+man of genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting." The other
+is on gilt paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now
+dead, yet which once lived and beneficently worked. We give it in
+the original: "_Herr Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf
+Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN THEE schonstens eingeladen_."
+
+Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+quite fluid _AEsthetic Tea_! How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual hand-grips
+with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these Musical and
+Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited to a feast
+of chickenweed, we can only conjecture. Perhaps in expressive silence,
+and abstinence: otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast at all,
+it cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens. For the rest,
+as this Frau Grafinn dates from the _Zahdarm House_, she can be no
+other than the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual
+tendencies, and good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of
+Herr Towgood, or on his own footing, are hereby manifest. That some
+sort of relation, indeed, continued, for a time, to connect our
+Autobiographer, though perhaps feebly enough, with this noble House, we
+have elsewhere express evidence. Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it
+was in vain; enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses
+of the great world, from which we at one time fancied him to have been
+always excluded. "The Zahdarms," says he, "lived in the soft, sumptuous
+garniture of Aristocracy; whereto Literature and Art, attracted and
+attached from without, were to serve as the handsomest fringing. It was
+to the _Gnadigen Frau_ (her Ladyship) that this latter improvement was
+due: assiduously she gathered, dexterously she fitted on, what fringing
+was to be had; lace or cobweb, as the place yielded." Was Teufelsdrockh
+also a fringe, of lace or cobweb; or promising to be such? "With his
+_Excellenz_ (the Count)," continues he, "I have more than once had the
+honor to converse; chiefly on general affairs, and the aspect of the
+world, which he, though now past middle life, viewed in no unfavorable
+light; finding indeed, except the Outrooting of Journalism (_die
+auszurottende Journalistik_), little to desiderate therein. On some
+points, as his _Excellenz_ was not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant
+to keep silence. Besides, his occupation being that of Owning Land,
+there might be faculties enough, which, as superfluous for such use,
+were little developed in him."
+
+That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless,
+and many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+improvements, we can readily conjecture. With nothing but a barren
+Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes
+from within, his position was no easy one. "The Universe," he says, "was
+as a mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede,
+or be devoured. In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in
+the blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought,
+unfolding itself. A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew
+not the solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only
+from discords set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as
+victory is only possible by battle."
+
+"I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by
+not unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human
+happiness, could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under
+barrels, or rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their
+lawful studies and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the
+age of twenty-five. With which suggestion, at least as considered in the
+light of a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (_Madchen_)
+are, to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+gentlemen (_Bubchen_) do then attain their maximum of detestability.
+Such gawks (_Gecken_) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with such
+a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward. No mortal's
+endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+infinitely better, were it worthy of him. Life everywhere is the most
+manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three: multiply
+your second and third term together, divide the product by the first,
+and your quotient will be the answer,--which you are but an ass if you
+cannot come at. The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that,
+do what one will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal
+repeater, and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+
+In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful,
+yet still afflictive derangement of head? Alas, on the former side
+alone, his case was hard enough. "It continues ever true," says
+he, "that Saturn, or Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his
+Children: only by incessant Running, by incessant Working, may you (for
+some threescore-and-ten years) escape him; and you too he devours at
+last. Can any Sovereign, or Holy Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time
+stand still; even in thought, shake themselves free of Time? Our whole
+terrestrial being is based on Time, and built of Time; it is wholly a
+Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author of it, the material of
+it. Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to work,--in the right
+direction. Are not our Bodies and our Souls in continual movement,
+whether we will or not; in a continual Waste, requiring a continual
+Repair? Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and inward Wants were
+but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we have done,
+is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do anew. O
+Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk us so
+deep in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments
+can so much as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us!
+Me, however, as a Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time
+threatening to eat quite prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was
+no good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet."
+That is to say, we presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world,
+that Teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to
+work,--in the right direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby
+he became wretched enough. As was natural: with haggard Scarcity
+threatening him in the distance; and so vehement a soul languishing
+in restless inaction, and forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by
+rust,
+
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+
+But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may
+we not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor
+and perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy
+itself? Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too
+defensive; not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack.
+"So far hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was
+notable, if for anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as
+my friends often rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor
+of my feelings. I, in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love
+and of fear. The mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that
+has a sense for the Godlike. Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed,
+and by half-strangers hated, for my so-called Hardness (_Harte_), my
+Indifferentism towards men; and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted,
+as my favorite dialect in conversation. Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was
+but as a buckram case, wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so
+my own poor Person might live safe there, and in all friendliness, being
+no longer exasperated by wounds. Sarcasm I now see to be, in general,
+the language of the Devil; for which reason I have long since as good
+as renounced it. But how many individuals did I, in those days, provoke
+into some degree of hostility thereby! An ironic man, with his sly
+stillness, and ambuscading ways, more especially an ironic young man,
+from whom it is least expected, may be viewed as a pest to society. Have
+we not seen persons of weight and name coming forward, with gentlest
+indifference, to tread such a one out of sight, as an insignificancy and
+worm, start ceiling-high (_balkenhock_), and thence fall shattered and
+supine, to be borne home on shutters, not without indignation, when he
+proved electric and a torpedo!"
+
+Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for
+himself in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too
+admits, is "to unite yourself with some one, and with somewhat (_sich
+anzuschliessen_)"? Division, not union, is written on most part of his
+procedure. Let us add too that, in no great length of time, the only
+important connection he had ever succeeded in forming, his connection
+with the Zahdarm Family, seems to have been paralyzed, for all practical
+uses, by the death of the "not uncholeric" old Count. This fact stands
+recorded, quite incidentally, in a certain _Discourse on Epitaphs_,
+huddled into the present Bag, among so much else; of which Essay the
+learning and curious penetration are more to be approved of than the
+spirit. His grand principle is, that lapidary inscriptions, of what sort
+soever, should be Historical rather than Lyrical. "By request of that
+worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I undertook to compose his
+Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules, produced the following;
+which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity, a defect never yet
+fully visible to myself, still remains unengraven;"--wherein, we may
+predict, there is more than the Latinity that will surprise an English
+reader:
+
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [_sub dato_]; POSTREMUM [_sub dato_].
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. ROMANCE.
+
+"For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this
+Egypt of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without
+stubble, before ever the question once struck him with entire force:
+For what?--_Beym Himmel_! For Food and Warmth! And are Food and Warmth
+nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?--Come of it what
+might, I resolved to try."
+
+Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though
+perhaps far from an improved one. Teufelsdrockh is now a man without
+Profession. Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers,
+where indeed his leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he
+desperately steers off, on a course of his own, by sextant and compass
+of his own. Unhappy Teufelsdrockh! Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic,
+nor Commodores pleased thee, still was it not _a Fleet_, sailing in
+prescribed track, for fixed objects; above all, in combination, wherein,
+by mutual guidance, by all manner of loans and borrowings, each could
+manifoldly aid the other? How wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for
+thyself find that shorter Northwest Passage to thy fair Spice-country
+of a Nowhere?--A solitary rover, on such a voyage, with such nautical
+tactics, will meet with adventures. Nay, as we forthwith discover, a
+certain Calypso-Island detains him at the very outset; and as it were
+falsifies and oversets his whole reckoning.
+
+"If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling,
+and everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young
+Man does this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the
+Young Maiden. Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it
+has been so appointed. On the whole, as I have often said, a
+Person (_Personlichkeit_) is ever holy to us; a certain orthodox
+Anthropomorphism connects my _Me_ with all _Thees_ in bonds of Love: but
+it is in this approximation of the Like and Unlike, that such heavenly
+attraction, as between Negative and Positive, first burns out into a
+flame. Is the pitifullest mortal Person, think you, indifferent to us?
+Is it not rather our heartfelt wish to be made one with him; to unite
+him to us, by gratitude, by admiration, even by fear; or failing all
+these, unite ourselves to him? But how much more, in this case of the
+Like-Unlike! Here is conceded us the higher mystic possibility of such
+a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the conducting medium of
+Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the universal Spiritual
+Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman, we first
+emphatically denominate LOVE.
+
+"In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already
+blooms a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor,
+in the stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a
+Tree of Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting.
+Perhaps too the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming
+Sword divide it from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the
+imaginative stripling, only the view, not the entrance. Happy season of
+virtuous youth, when shame is still an impassable celestial barrier; and
+the sacred air-cities of Hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets
+of Reality; and man, by his nature, is yet infinite and free!
+
+"As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+unspeakable. A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+women were holy, were heavenly. As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on
+the outskirts of _AEsthetic Tea_: all of air they were, all Soul and
+Form; so lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the
+invisible Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven. That
+he, our poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls
+(_Holden_)--_Ach Gott_! how could he hope it; should he not have died
+under it? There was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+
+"Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as
+the vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of
+true Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he
+went; and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet
+it was by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them. But
+now, if on a soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated
+into tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind
+eyes, saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle
+him,--good Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming
+fire were probably kindled!"
+
+Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+indeed how could it fail? A nature, which, in his own figurative style,
+we might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability;
+with so much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the
+whole lying in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace
+of Fantasy:" have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready,
+on occasion of the smallest spark, to blaze up? Neither, in this our
+Life-element, are sparks anywhere wanting. Without doubt, some Angel,
+whereof so many hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts
+of _AEsthetic Tea_," flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance,
+kindle no despicable firework. Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework,
+and flamed off rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor,
+each growing naturally from the other, through the several stages of a
+happy Youthful Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young
+soul relieved with little damage! Happy, if it did not rather prove a
+Conflagration and mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself;
+nay perhaps bursting the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best,
+bursting the thin walls of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage
+thenceforth all unchecked among the contiguous combustibles (which
+were Madness): till of the so fair and manifold internal world of our
+Diogenes, there remained Nothing, or only the "crater of an extinct
+volcano"!
+
+From multifarious Documents in this Bag _Capricornus_, and in the
+adjacent ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our
+philosopher, as stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and
+even frantically in Love: here therefore may our old doubts whether his
+heart were of stone or of flesh give way. He loved once; not wisely
+but too well. And once only: for as your Congreve needs a new case or
+wrappage for every new rocket, so each human heart can properly exhibit
+but one Love, if even one; the "First Love which is infinite" can be
+followed by no second like unto it. In more recent years, accordingly,
+the Editor of these Sheets was led to regard Teufelsdrockh as a man
+not only who would never wed, but who would never even flirt; whom the
+grand-climacteric itself, and _St. Martin's Summer_ of incipient Dotage,
+would crown with no new myrtle-garland. To the Professor, women are
+henceforth Pieces of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed, which celestial
+pieces he glories to survey in galleries, but has lost thought of
+purchasing.
+
+Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh
+in this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what
+specialties of successive configuration, splendor and color, his
+Firework blazes off. Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can
+meet with here. From amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy,
+with their mad Petrarchan and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among
+all sorts of quite extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name
+can be deciphered. For, without doubt, the title _Blumine_, whereby she
+is here designated, and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be
+fictitious. Was her real name Flora, then? But what was her surname,
+or had she none? Of what station in Life was she; of what parentage,
+fortune, aspect? Specially, by what Pre-established Harmony of
+occurrences did the Lover and the Loved meet one another in so wide a
+world; how did they behave in such meeting? To all which questions, not
+unessential in a Biographic work, mere Conjecture must for most part
+return answer. "It was appointed," says our Philosopher, "that the high
+celestial orbit of Blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our
+Forlorn; that he, looking in her empyrean eyes, should fancy the upper
+Sphere of Light was come down into this nether sphere of Shadows; and
+finding himself mistaken, make noise enough."
+
+We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some
+one's Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+relatives. But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle? Was it by the
+humid vehicle of _AEsthetic Tea_, or by the arid one of mere Business?
+Was it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who, as
+an ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation,
+especially for young cynical Nondescripts? To all appearance, it was
+chiefly by Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+
+"Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever
+saw thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in
+his pocket the last _Relatio ex Actis_ he would ever write, but must
+have paused to wonder! Noble Mansion! There stoodest thou, in deep
+Mountain Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude;
+stately, massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams,
+like a palace of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal. Beautiful rose
+up, in wavy curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest
+was their sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted
+by some spreading solitary Tree and its shadow. To the unconscious
+Wayfarer thou wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste;
+where, for joy and woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written. Well
+might he pause and gaze; in that glance of his were prophecy and
+nameless forebodings."
+
+But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed
+in his _Relatio ex Actis_; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and
+so, instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home,
+is ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames
+and cavaliers: if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and
+pure voices making the stillness live." Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+"Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors
+of thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain
+peaks: so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy
+creatures: it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT
+in the bosom-vesture of Summer herself. How came it that the Wanderer
+advanced thither with such forecasting heart (_ahndungsvoll_), by the
+side of his gay host? Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard
+bosom ought to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try
+him; to mock him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+
+"Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+name to--Blumine! Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced Blumine,
+there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights. Noblest maiden!
+whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at, for
+the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+
+"Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices: from all which vague
+colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+naphtha-fire. Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet
+so stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and
+sunlight played over earnest deeps: but all this he had seen only as a
+magic vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality. Her sphere
+was too far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how
+should they so much as once meet together? And now that Rose-goddess
+sits in the same circle with him; the light of _her_ eyes has smiled on
+him; if he speak, she will hear it! Nay, who knows, since the heavenly
+Sun looks into lowest valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime
+noted the so unnotable; perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had
+from hers, gathered wonder, gathered favor for him? Was the attraction,
+the agitation mutual, then; pole and pole trembling towards contact,
+when once brought into neighborhood? Say rather, heart swelling in
+presence of the Queen of Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once
+near its Moon! With the Wanderer it was even so: as in heavenward
+gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of a Seraph's wand, his whole soul
+is roused from its deepest recesses; and all that was painful and that
+was blissful there, dim images, vague feelings of a whole Past and a
+whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies within him.
+
+"Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk
+forcibly together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of
+what sort soever, in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming
+Stolidity. How was it, then, that here, when trembling to the core of
+his heart, he did not sink into swoons, but rose into strength, into
+fearlessness and clearness? It was his guiding Genius (_Damon_) that
+inspired him; he must go forth and meet his Destiny. Show thyself now,
+whispered it, or be forever hid. Thus sometimes it is even when your
+anxiety becomes transcendental, that the soul first feels herself able
+to transcend it; that she rises above it, in fiery victory; and borne on
+new-found wings of victory, moves so calmly, even because so rapidly,
+so irresistibly. Always must the Wanderer remember, with a certain
+satisfaction and surprise, how in this case he sat not silent but struck
+adroitly into the stream of conversation; which thenceforth, to speak
+with an apparent not a real vanity, he may say that he continued to
+lead. Surely, in those hours, a certain inspiration was imparted him,
+such inspiration as is still possible in our late era. The self-secluded
+unfolds himself in noble thoughts, in free, glowing words; his soul is
+as one sea of light, the peculiar home of Truth and Intellect; wherein
+also Fantasy bodies forth form after form, radiant with all prismatic
+hues."
+
+It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+"Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+pouring forth Philistinism (_Philistriositaten_.); little witting what
+hero was here entering to demolish him! We omit the series of Socratic,
+or rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby the
+monster, "persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn
+for the night. "Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the
+discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most: but what were all
+applauses to the glad smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh,
+wherewith Blumine herself repaid the victor? He ventured to address her
+she answered with attention: nay what if there were a slight tremor
+in that silver voice; what if the red glow of evening were hiding a
+transient blush!
+
+"The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+another: it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with
+full freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man. Gayly in light,
+graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for
+the burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which
+are indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the
+poor claims of _Me_ and _Thee_, no longer parted by rigid fences,
+now flowed softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious,
+many-tinted, like some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner
+of which were Love only. Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind
+environment of place and time. And yet as the light grew more aerial
+on the mountaintops, and the shadows fell longer over the valley, some
+faint tone of sadness may have breathed through the heart; and, in
+whispers more or less audible, reminded every one that as this bright
+day was drawing towards its close, so likewise must the Day of Man's
+Existence decline into dust and darkness; and with all its sick
+toilings, and joyful and mournful noises, sink in the still Eternity.
+
+"To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy: the
+words from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass;
+all better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us
+to be here. At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his: in the balmy
+twilight, with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting
+again, which was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small
+soft fingers, and it seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily
+withdrawn."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit: the
+Queen of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and
+there, by art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound
+and spell-bound thee. "Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he
+elsewhere; "yet has it many points in common therewith. I call it rather
+a discerning of the Infinite in the Finite, of the Idea made Real;
+which discerning again may be either true or false, either seraphic or
+demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity. But in the former case too, as in
+common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds itself to sight; on the so
+petty domain of the Actual plants its Archimedes-lever, whereby to
+move at will the infinite Spiritual. Fantasy I might call the true
+Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man: his sensuous life is but the small
+temporary stage (_Zeitbuhne_), whereon thick-streaming influences
+from both these far yet near regions meet visibly, and act tragedy and
+melodrama. Sense can support herself handsomely, in most countries, for
+some eighteenpence a day; but for Fantasy planets and solar-systems will
+not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus conquering the world, yet drinking no
+better red wine than he had before." Alas! witness also your Diogenes,
+flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven, and verging towards Insanity, for
+prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if the Earth held but one and not
+several of these!
+
+He says that, in Town, they met again: "day after day, like his heart's
+sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him. Ah! a little while ago, and he
+was yet in all darkness: him what Graceful (_Holde_) would ever love?
+Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe
+in himself. Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses;
+solitary from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself,
+with a sad indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of
+existence. And now, O now! 'She looks on thee,' cried he: 'she the
+fairest, noblest; do not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised?
+The Heaven's-Messenger! All Heaven's blessings be hers!' Thus did
+soft melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude;
+sweetest intimations that he also was a man, that for him also
+unutterable joys had been provided.
+
+"In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears,
+and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music: such was the
+element they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by
+this fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and
+the new Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him. Fairest Blumine! And, even
+as a Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate! Was
+there so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with? Was
+she not to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring
+with it airs from Heaven? As from AEolian Harps in the breath of
+dawn, as from the Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora,
+unearthly music was around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest.
+Pale Doubt fled away to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and
+hope. The past, then, was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden
+of Eden, then, and could not discern it! But lo now! the black walls
+of his prison melt away; the captive is alive, is free. If he loved his
+Disenchantress? _Ach Gott_! His whole heart and soul and life were hers,
+but never had he named it Love: existence was all a Feeling, not yet
+shaped into a Thought."
+
+Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can
+abide by Feeling alone. The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in
+her soft, fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest
+of Necessity, to cut asunder these so blissful bonds." He even appears
+surprised at the "Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose
+meagre hunger-bitten philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from
+the first, faintly approved of." We, even at such distance, can explain
+it without necromancy. Let the Philosopher answer this one question:
+What figure, at that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in
+polished society? Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig,
+or even a simple iron-spring one? Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator,"
+before whom lies no prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion
+of young hearts" keep the human kitchen warm? Pshaw! thy divine Blumine,
+when she "resigned herself to wed some richer," shows more philosophy,
+though but "a woman of genius," than thou, a pretended man.
+
+Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+royal splendor it waxes, and rises. Let no one ask us to unfold the
+glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+instantaneous dissolution. How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+delineation be organized? Besides, of what profit were it? We view, with
+a lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and
+shoot upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous
+star: but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural
+elasticity, or accident of fire, it has exploded? A hapless
+air-navigator, plunging, amid torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused
+wreck, fast enough into the jaws of the Devil! Suffice it to know
+that Teufelsdrockh rose into the highest regions of the Empyrean, by a
+natural parabolic track, and returned thence in a quick perpendicular
+one. For the rest, let any feeling reader, who has been unhappy enough
+to do the like, paint it out for himself: considering only that if he,
+for his perhaps comparatively insignificant mistress, underwent such
+agonies and frenzies, what must Teufelsdrockh's have been, with a
+fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine! We glance merely at the final
+scene:--
+
+"One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the
+fair creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping. Alas,
+no longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that
+the Doomsday had dawned! She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to
+meet no more." The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to
+himself in this dread hour: but what avails it? We omit the passionate
+expostulations, entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not
+even an explanation was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe.
+"'Farewell, then, Madam!' said he, not without sternness, for his stung
+pride helped him. She put her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears
+started to her eyes; in wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom;
+their lips were joined, their two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into
+one,--for the first time and for the last!" Thus was Teufelsdrockh made
+immortal by a kiss. And then? Why, then--"thick curtains of Night rushed
+over his soul, as rose the immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the
+ruins as of a shivered Universe was he falling, falling, towards the
+Abyss."
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+
+We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must
+often be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex,
+intricate a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and
+emitting, such as the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on
+no grand occasion and convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the
+woe-storm could you predict his demeanor.
+
+To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the
+so passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe"
+in this extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can
+next do: Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or
+blow out his brains. In the progress towards any of which consummations,
+do not such readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating,
+brow-beating (against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like,
+stampings, smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+
+Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him. He quietly lifts his
+_Pilgerstab_ (Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and
+begins a perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe!
+Curious it is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such
+intensity of feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of
+Exaggeration in speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his,
+that stoicism in external procedure. Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in
+this matter of the Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and
+Dissolution of Nature, in which light doubtless it partly appeared
+to himself, his own nature is nowise dissolved thereby; but rather
+is compressed closer. For once, as we might say, a Blumine by magic
+appliances has unlocked that shut heart of his, and its hidden things
+rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii enfranchised from their
+glass vial: but no sooner are your magic appliances withdrawn, than the
+strange casket of a heart springs to again; and perhaps there is now no
+key extant that will open it; for a Teufelsdrockh as we remarked,
+will not love a second time. Singular Diogenes! No sooner has that
+heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place, than he affects to regard
+it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing more to be said. "One
+highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an Angel, had recalled
+him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life: but a gleam of Tophet
+passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in whirlwinds, and
+heard the laughter of Demons. It was a Calenture," adds he, "whereby
+the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste Ocean-waters: a lying
+vision, yet not wholly a lie, for _he_ saw it." But what things soever
+passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what ragings and despairings
+soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he has the goodness to
+conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence. We know it well; the
+first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his dismembered
+philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek, silent, or
+spoke of the weather and the Journals: only by a transient knitting of
+those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing one knew
+not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,--might you have guessed
+what a Gehenna was within: that a whole Satanic School were spouting,
+though inaudibly, there. To consume your own choler, as some chimneys
+consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting, if it
+must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one of
+the commonest in these times.
+
+Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange
+measure he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof
+indeed the actual condition of these Documents in _Capricornus_ and
+_Aquarius is_ no bad emblem. His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome
+enough, are without assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest
+seems his sole guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of
+the Prophet had fallen on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel."
+Doubtless, too, the chaotic nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our
+obscurity. Quite without note of preparation, for example, we come upon
+the following slip: "A peculiar feeling it is that will rise in the
+Traveller, when turning some hill-range in his desert road, he descries
+lying far below, embosomed among its groves and green natural bulwarks,
+and all diminished to a toy-box, the fair Town, where so many souls, as
+it were seen and yet unseen, are driving their multifarious traffic. Its
+white steeple is then truly a starward-pointing finger; the canopy
+of blue smoke seems like a sort of Lifebreath: for always, of its own
+unity, the soul gives unity to whatsoever it looks on with love; thus
+does the little Dwelling-place of men, in itself a congeries of houses
+and huts, become for us an individual, almost a person. But what
+thousand other thoughts unite thereto, if the place has to ourselves
+been the arena of joyous or mournful experiences; if perhaps the cradle
+we were rocked in still stands there, if our Loving ones still dwell
+there, if our Buried ones there slumber!" Does Teufelsdrockh as the
+wounded eagle is said to make for its own eyrie, and indeed military
+deserters, and all hunted outcast creatures, turn as if by instinct in
+the direction of their birthland,--fly first, in this extremity, towards
+his native Entepfuhl; but reflecting that there no help awaits him, take
+only one wistful look from the distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+
+Little happier seems to be his next flight: into the wilds of Nature; as
+if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing. So at least we incline
+to interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:--
+
+"Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+combined majesty and grace as here. The rocks are of that sort called
+Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in
+masses of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however,
+is here tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of
+environment: in a climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff,
+itself covered with lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage
+or verdure; and white, bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round
+the everlasting granite. In fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with
+Grandeur: you ride through stony hollows, along strait passes, traversed
+by torrents, overhung by high walls of rock; now winding amid broken
+shaggy chasms, and huge fragments; now suddenly emerging into some
+emerald valley, where the streamlet collects itself into a Lake, and
+man has again found a fair dwelling, and it seems as if Peace had
+established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+
+"To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time
+not pretend: still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing. Reasonably might
+the Wanderer exclaim to himself: Are not the gates of this world's
+happiness inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not
+mad? Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original
+Greek if that suit thee better: 'Whoso can look on Death will start at
+no shadows.'
+
+"From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for
+now the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain
+mass, the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on
+horseback. Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening
+sunset light; and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments
+there. An upland irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex
+branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every
+quarter of the sky. The mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and
+folded together: only the loftier summits look down here and there as on
+a second plain; lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude. No
+trace of man now visible; unless indeed it were he who fashioned
+that little visible link of Highway, here, as would seem, scaling the
+inaccessible, to unite Province with Province. But sunwards, lo you! how
+it towers sheer up, a world of Mountains, the diadem and centre of the
+mountain region! A hundred and a hundred savage peaks, in the last light
+of Day; all glowing, of gold and amethyst, like giant spirits of the
+wilderness; there in their silence, in their solitude, even as on the
+night when Noah's Deluge first dried! Beautiful, nay solemn, was the
+sudden aspect to our Wanderer. He gazed over those stupendous masses
+with wonder, almost with longing desire; never till this hour had he
+known Nature, that she was One, that she was his Mother and divine. And
+as the ruddy glow was fading into clearness in the sky, and the Sun had
+now departed, a murmur of Eternity and Immensity, of Death and of Life,
+stole through his soul; and he felt as if Death and Life were one, as if
+the Earth were not dead, as if the Spirit of the Earth had its throne in
+that splendor, and his own spirit were therewith holding communion.
+
+"The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels. Emerging from the
+hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+Barouche-and-four: it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+favors: that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their
+marriage evening! Few moments brought them near: _Du Himmel_! It was
+Herr Towgood and--Blumine! With slight unrecognizing salutation they
+passed me; plunged down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to
+Heaven, and to England; and I, in my friend Richter's words, _I remained
+alone, behind them, with the Night_."
+
+Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to
+insert an observation, gleaned long ago from the great _Clothes-Volume_,
+where it stands with quite other intent: "Some time before Small-pox
+was extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of
+the spiritual sort on Europe: I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of
+View-hunting. Poets of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also
+enjoyed external Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which
+holds good or bad liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with
+slight incidental commentary: never, as I compute, till after the
+_Sorrows of Werter_, was there man found who would say: Come let us make
+a Description! Having drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass! Of
+which endemic the Jenner is unhappily still to seek." Too true!
+
+We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings,
+so far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear
+insight, here first take their permanent character, fatuous or not. That
+Basilisk-glance of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up
+what little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him: Life has
+become wholly a dark labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend,
+flying from spectres, has to stumble about at random, and naturally with
+more haste than progress.
+
+Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which,
+were clear record possible, would fill volumes. Hopeless is the
+obscurity, unspeakable the confusion. He glides from country to country,
+from condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can
+calculate how or where. Through all quarters of the world he wanders,
+and apparently through all circles of society. If in any scene, perhaps
+difficult to fix geographically, he settles for a time, and forms
+connections, be sure he will snap them abruptly asunder. Let him sink
+out of sight as Private Scholar (_Privatsirender_), living by the grace
+of God in some European capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the
+neighborhood of Mecca. It is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious,
+quick-changing; as if our Traveller, instead of limbs and highways,
+had transported himself by some wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat. The
+whole, too, imparted emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that
+collection of Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct
+historical notice sparingly interspersed: little light-islets in the
+world of haze! So that, from this point, the Professor is more of an
+enigma than ever. In figurative language, we might say he becomes, not
+indeed a spirit, yet spiritualized, vaporized. Fact unparalleled in
+Biography: The river of his History, which we have traced from its
+tiniest fountains, and hoped to see flow onward, with increasing
+current, into the ocean, here dashes itself over that terrific Lover's
+Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract, flies wholly into tumultuous
+clouds of spray! Low down it indeed collects again into pools and
+plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with difficulty, if at all,
+into a general stream. To cast a glance into certain of those pools and
+plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a chapter or two, form
+the limit of our endeavor.
+
+For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can
+be met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs
+much, which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit.
+Teufelsdrockh vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest
+levels, comes into contact with public History itself. For example,
+those conversations and relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan
+Mahmoud, the Emperor Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather
+of a diplomatic character than of a biographic? The Editor, appreciating
+the sacredness of crowned heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible
+trickeries of a Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the
+present; a new time may bring new insight and a different duty.
+
+If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was
+none, yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of
+mind, the Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,--the
+answer is more distinct than favorable. "A nameless Unrest," says he,
+"urged me forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying
+solace. Whither should I go? My Loadstars were blotted out; in that
+canopy of grim fire shone no star. Yet forward must I; the ground burnt
+under me; there was no rest for the sole of my foot. I was alone, alone!
+Ever too the strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself: towards
+these, one after the other, must I fruitlessly wander. A feeling I
+had, that for my fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing
+Fountain. To many fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these
+days, did I pilgrim; to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events: but
+found there no healing. In strange countries, as in the well-known; in
+savage deserts, as in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever
+the same: how could your Wanderer escape from--_his own Shadow_?
+Nevertheless still Forward! I felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not
+what. From the depths of my own heart, it called to me, Forwards! The
+winds and the streams, and all Nature sounded to me, Forwards! _Ach
+Gott_, I was even, once for all, a Son of Time."
+
+From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+active enough? He says elsewhere: "The _Enchiridion of Epictetus_ I had
+ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to
+mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling." Thou foolish
+Teufelsdrockh How could it else? Hadst thou not Greek enough to
+understand thus much: _The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought_,
+though it were the noblest?
+
+"How I lived?" writes he once: "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds
+the sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man? While thou
+stirrest and livest, thou hast a probability of victual. My breakfast of
+tea has been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped
+her earthen kettle with a horse-tail. I have roasted wild eggs in
+the sand of Sahara; I have awakened in Paris _Estrapades_ and Vienna
+_Malzleins_, with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid. That
+I had my Living to seek saved me from Dying,--by suicide. In our
+busy Europe, is there not an everlasting demand for Intellect, in the
+chemical, mechanical, political, religious, educational, commercial
+departments? In Pagan countries, cannot one write Fetishes? Living!
+Little knowest thou what alchemy is in an inventive Soul; how, as with
+its little finger, it can create provision enough for the body (of a
+Philosopher); and then, as with both hands, create quite other than
+provision; namely, spectres to torment itself withal."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a
+whole Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+comparatively a friend's! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain,
+or of the modern Wandering Jew,--save only that he feels himself not
+guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt,--wend to and fro with
+aimless speed. Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by
+footprints), write his _Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh_; even as the great
+Goethe, in passionate words, had to write his _Sorrows of Werter_,
+before the spirit freed herself, and he could become a Man. Vain truly
+is the hope of your swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!
+Nevertheless, in these sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries
+himself (about the age of twenty) in a world such as ours, richer
+than usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown
+obsolete,--what can the fool think but that it is all a Den of Lies,
+wherein whoso will not speak Lies and act Lies, must stand idle and
+despair? Whereby it happens that, for your nobler minds, the publishing
+of some such Work of Art, in one or the other dialect, becomes almost
+a necessity. For what is it properly but an Altercation with the
+Devil, before you begin honestly Fighting him? Your Byron publishes
+his _Sorrows of Lord George_, in verse and in prose, and copiously
+otherwise: your Bonaparte represents his _Sorrows of Napoleon_ Opera,
+in an all-too stupendous style; with music of cannon-volleys,
+and murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights are the fires of
+Conflagration; his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of embattled
+Hosts and the sound of falling Cities.--Happier is he who, like our
+Clothes-Philosopher, can write such matter, since it must be written,
+on the insensible Earth, with his shoe-soles only; and also survive the
+writing thereof!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO.
+
+Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+progressive, and growing: for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+stand still? We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of
+crisis, of transition: his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution
+into aimless Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation;
+wherefrom the fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve
+itself?
+
+Such transitions are ever full of pain: thus the Eagle when he moults is
+sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one
+upon rocks. What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts
+and motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of
+anarchy and misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out: as,
+indeed, how could there be other? Have we not seen him disappointed,
+bemocked of Destiny, through long years? All that the young heart might
+desire and pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance,
+offered and then snatched away. Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of
+useful, reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger,
+nothing granted: till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must
+forcibly seize for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable.
+Alas, his cup of bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever
+since that first "ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at
+the very lip; and then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine
+business, it runs over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+
+He himself says once, with more justness than originality: "Men is,
+properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope." What, then, was
+our Professor's possession? We see him, for the present, quite shut out
+from Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round
+into a dim copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+
+Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of!
+For, as he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost
+all tidings of another and higher. Full of religion, or at least of
+religiosity, as our Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not
+that, in those days, he was wholly irreligious: "Doubt had darkened into
+Unbelief," says he; "shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till
+you have the fixed, starless, Tartarean black." To such readers as have
+reflected, what can be called reflecting, on man's life, and happily
+discovered, in contradiction to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy,
+speculative and practical, that Soul is not synonymous with Stomach;
+who understand, therefore, in our Friend's words, "that, for man's
+well-being, Faith is properly the one thing needful; how, with it,
+Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the shame and the cross;
+and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick existence, by suicide, in
+the midst of luxury:" to such it will be clear that, for a pure moral
+nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the loss of everything.
+Unhappy young man! All wounds, the crush of long-continued Destitution,
+the stab of false Friendship and of false Love, all wounds in thy so
+genial heart, would have healed again, had not its life-warmth been
+withdrawn. Well might he exclaim, in his wild way: "Is there no God,
+then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever since the first
+Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and _see_ing it go? Has the
+word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine Messenger and
+Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and Fear, of
+emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's Celestial-Bed?
+Happiness of an approving Conscience! Did not Paul of Tarsus, whom
+admiring men have since named Saint, feel that _he_ was 'the chief of
+sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (_wohlgemuth_), spend much
+of his time in fiddling? Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder, who in
+thy Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself, and
+wouldst fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,--I tell
+thee, Nay! To the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is ever
+the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of
+Virtue, that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of
+injustice. What then? Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some
+Passion; some bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others
+_profit_ by? I know not: only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness
+be our true aim, then are we all astray. With Stupidity and sound
+Digestion man may front much. But what, in these dull unimaginative
+days, are the terrors of Conscience to the diseases of the Liver! Not on
+Morality, but on Cookery, let us build our stronghold: there brandishing
+our frying-pan, as censer, let us offer sweet incense to the Devil, and
+live at ease on the fat things he has provided for his Elect!"
+
+Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done,
+shouting question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and
+receive no Answer but an Echo. It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair
+world of his; wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the
+shrieks of despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day,
+and no Pillar of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim. To such
+length has the spirit of Inquiry carried him. "But what boots it (_was
+thut's_)?" cries he: "it is but the common lot in this era. Not having
+come to spiritual majority prior to the _Siecle de Louis Quinze_, and
+not being born purely a Loghead (_Dummkopf_ ), thou hadst no other
+outlook. The whole world is, like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old
+Temples of the Godhead, which for long have not been rain-proof, crumble
+down; and men ask now: Where is the Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+
+Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our
+Diogenes wicked. Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era
+of his life was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant
+of God, than even now when doubting God's existence. "One circumstance I
+note," says he: "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for
+me, what it is not always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me! I
+nevertheless still loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance
+to her. 'Truth!' I cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following
+her: no Falsehood! though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of
+Apostasy.' In conduct it was the same. Had a divine Messenger from the
+clouds, or miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed
+to me _This thou shalt do_, with what passionate readiness, as I often
+thought, would I have done it, had it been leaping into the
+infernal Fire. Thus, in spite of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical
+Profit-and-Loss Philosophies, with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination
+they had brought on, was the Infinite nature of Duty still dimly present
+to me: living without God in the world, of God's light I was not utterly
+bereft; if my as yet sealed eyes, with their unspeakable longing,
+could nowhere see Him, nevertheless in my heart He was present, and His
+heaven-written Law still stood legible and sacred there."
+
+Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+"The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness
+(_Unkraft_); ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true
+misery. And yet of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling,
+save by what you have prospered in, by what you have done. Between
+vague wavering Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a
+difference! A certain inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly
+in us; which only our Works can render articulate and decisively
+discernible. Our Works are the mirror wherein the spirit first sees its
+natural lineaments. Hence, too, the folly of that impossible Precept,
+_Know thyself_; till it be translated into this partially possible one,
+_Know what thou canst work at_.
+
+"But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+Workings amounted as yet simply to--Nothing. How then could I believe in
+my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in? Ever did this
+agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain to
+me insoluble: Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even
+as the most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern
+times? Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could
+I believe? Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly
+belied? The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:
+neither in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but
+been everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out. A feeble
+unit in the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing
+given me but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness. Invisible yet
+impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living: was
+there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to
+mine? O Heaven, No, there was none! I kept a lock upon my lips: why
+should I speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends,
+in whose withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an
+incredible tradition? In such cases, your resource is to talk little,
+and that little mostly from the Newspapers. Now when I look back, it was
+a strange isolation I then lived in. The men and women around me, even
+speaking with me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that
+they were alive, that they were not merely automatic. In the midst of
+their crowded streets and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as
+it was my own heart, not another's, that I kept devouring) savage also,
+as the tiger in his jungle. Some comfort it would have been, could I,
+like a Faust, have fancied myself tempted and tormented of the Devil;
+for a Hell, as I imagine, without Life, though only diabolic Life, were
+more frightful: but in our age of Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very
+Devil has been pulled down, you cannot so much as believe in a Devil. To
+me the Universe was all void of Life, of Purpose, of Volition, even of
+Hostility: it was one huge, dead, immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling
+on, in its dead indifference, to grind me limb from limb. Oh, the
+vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill of Death! Why was the Living
+banished thither companionless, conscious? Why, if there is no Devil;
+nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+
+A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the
+worst aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh
+threaten to fail? We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in
+spite of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort.
+Hear this, for example: "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper!
+Quite another thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of
+your Intellect, as it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no
+pure ray can enter; a whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul
+drowning slowly in quagmires of Disgust!"
+
+Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not
+find in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+significance enough? "From Suicide a certain after-shine (_Nachschein_)
+of Christianity withheld me: perhaps also a certain indolence of
+character; for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?
+Often, however, was there a question present to me: Should some one now,
+at the turning of that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the
+other World, or other No-world, by pistol-shot,--how were it? On which
+ground, too, I have often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other
+death-scenes, exhibited an imperturbability, which passed, falsely
+enough, for courage."
+
+"So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in
+bitter protracted Death-agony, through long years. The heart within
+me, unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous,
+slow-consuming fire. Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear;
+or once only when I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song,
+that wild _Selig der den er im Siegesglanze findet_ (Happy whom _he_
+finds in Battle's splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even
+I was not forsaken, that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die.
+Having no hope, neither had I any definite fear, were it of Man or
+of Devil: nay, I often felt as if it might be solacing, could the
+Arch-Devil himself, though in Tartarean terrors, but rise to me, that I
+might tell him a little of my mind. And yet, strangely enough, I lived
+in a continual, indefinite, pining fear; tremulous, pusillanimous,
+apprehensive of I knew not what: it seemed as if all things in the
+Heavens above and the Earth beneath would hurt me; as if the Heavens
+and the Earth were but boundless jaws of a devouring monster, wherein I,
+palpitating, waited to be devoured.
+
+"Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+toiling along the dirty little _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, among
+civic rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot
+as Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little
+cheered; when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked
+myself: 'What _art_ thou afraid of? Wherefore, like a coward, dost
+thou forever pip and whimper, and go cowering and trembling? Despicable
+biped! what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee? Death?
+Well, Death; and say the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and
+Man may, will or can do against thee! Hast thou not a heart; canst thou
+not suffer whatsoever it be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast,
+trample Tophet itself under thy feet, while it consumes thee? Let it
+come, then; I will meet it and defy it!' And as I so thought, there
+rushed like a stream of fire over my whole soul; and I shook base Fear
+away from me forever. I was strong, of unknown strength; a spirit,
+almost a god. Ever from that time, the temper of my misery was changed:
+not Fear or whining Sorrow was it, but Indignation and grim fire-eyed
+Defiance.
+
+"Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (_das ewige Nein_) pealed authoritatively
+through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then was it that
+my whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with emphasis
+recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most important transaction in
+Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a psychological point
+of view, be fitly called. The Everlasting No had said: 'Behold, thou art
+fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the Devil's);' to which
+my whole Me now made answer: '_I_ am not thine, but Free, and forever
+hate thee!'
+
+"It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth,
+or Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a
+Man."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+
+Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer
+signifies that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation
+and Defiance," especially against things in general, are not the most
+peaceable inmates; yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no
+longer a quite hopeless Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed
+centre to revolve round. For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed
+and thunder-riven, here feels its own Freedom, which feeling is its
+Baphometic Baptism: the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus
+gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the
+remaining dominions, not indeed without hard battling, will doubtless
+by degrees be conquered and pacificated. Under another figure, we might
+say, if in that great moment, in the _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, the
+old inward Satanic School was not yet thrown out of doors, it received
+peremptory judicial notice to quit;--whereby, for the rest, its
+howl-chantings, Ernulphus-cursings, and rebellious gnashings of teeth,
+might, in the mean while, become only the more tumultuous, and difficult
+to keep secret.
+
+Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness. Not
+wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world;
+at worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a
+Spectre-queller. If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells,"
+and ever without quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little
+secular wells, whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered.
+In a word, he is now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own
+heart;" and clutches round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer
+food. Does not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural
+state?
+
+"Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look
+upon with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long
+vista, into the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of
+almost the earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before
+your eyes! There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire
+put down, say only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or
+less triumphantly, with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt,
+and still burns, and thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! and
+the far more mysterious live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down
+there; and still miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and
+ashes thereof (in these Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its
+bellows-engines (in these Churches), thou still seest; and its flame,
+looking out from every kind countenance, and every hateful one, still
+warms thee or scorches thee.
+
+"Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform,
+mystic, and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of
+Government, with the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions
+both of Cloth-habits and of Soul-habits; much more his collective
+stock of Handicrafts, the whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating
+Nature: all these things, as indispensable and priceless as they
+are, cannot in any way be fixed under lock and key, but must flit,
+spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from Father to Son; if you demand
+sight of them, they are nowhere to be met with. Visible Ploughmen and
+Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and Tubal-cain downwards:
+but where does your accumulated Agricultural, Metallurgic, and
+other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits itself on the
+atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by Vision); it is a
+thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In like manner, ask
+me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT? In vain wilt thou
+go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon; thou findest
+nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of Papers
+tied with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly devised almighty
+GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Everywhere, yet nowhere: seen
+only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible; or if you
+will, mystic and miraculous. So spiritual (_geistig_) is our whole daily
+Life: all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit, invisible Force;
+only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace, air-built, does the
+Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+
+"Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+may belong; and thirdly--Books. In which third truly, the last invented,
+lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous indeed
+is the virtue of a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones, yearly
+crumbling, yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but then
+a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it stands
+from year to year, and from age to age (we have Books that already
+number some hundred and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new
+produce of leaves (Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political
+Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every
+one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men.
+O thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two centuries
+or oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him whom they name
+City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or
+City-burner! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort,
+namely over the Devil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble
+and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and
+Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the Earth will
+pilgrim.--Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, in thy antiquarian
+fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of
+Sacchara? These stand there, as I can tell thee, idle and inert, looking
+over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three thousand years:
+but canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version
+thereof?"
+
+No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that
+here, for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date.
+Omitting much, let us impart what follows:--
+
+"Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+remaining not so much as buried. And those red mould heaps; ay, there
+lie the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been
+blown; and now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight,
+like blown Egg-shells!--Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down
+his mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and
+spread them out here into the softest, richest level,--intend thee, O
+Marchfeld, for a corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be
+nursed; or for a Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be
+throttled and tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from
+the ends of Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? Were thy Wagrams
+and Stillfrieds but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of
+Hapsburg might batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered?
+Konig Ottokar, amid yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon;
+here Kaiser Franz falls a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five
+centuries, to omit the others, how has thy breast, fair Plain, been
+defaced and defiled! The greensward is torn up and trampled down; man's
+fond care of it, his fruit-trees, hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings,
+blown away with gunpowder; and the kind seedfield lies a desolate,
+hideous Place of Skulls.--Nevertheless, Nature is at work; neither shall
+these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost devilry gainsay her: but all
+that gore and carnage will be shrouded in, absorbed into manure; and
+next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay greener. Thrifty unwearied
+Nature, ever out of our great waste educing some little profit of thy
+own,--how dost thou, from the very carcass of the Killer, bring Life for
+the Living!
+
+"What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and
+upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil,
+in the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls.
+From these, by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are
+successively selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied
+men; Dumdrudge, at her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she
+has, not without difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even
+trained them to crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another
+hammer, and the weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois.
+Nevertheless, amid much weeping and swearing, they are selected; all
+dressed in red; and shipped away, at the public charges, some two
+thousand miles, or say only to the south of Spain; and fed there till
+wanted. And now to that same spot, in the south of Spain, are thirty
+similar French artisans, from a French Dumdrudge, in like manner
+wending: till at length, after infinite effort, the two parties come
+into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting Thirty, each with
+a gun in his hand. Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is given; and they
+blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty brisk useful
+craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must bury, and
+anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the Devil
+is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously,
+by Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton!
+their Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another,
+had the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.--Alas, so is it
+in Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old,
+'what devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'--In that
+fiction of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War
+is perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies,
+in person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the
+same, and smoke in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in:
+but from such predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and
+contentious centuries, may still divide us!"
+
+Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his
+own sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note
+what is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of
+spiritual culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his
+life were richer than this. Internally, there is the most momentous
+instructive Course of Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going
+on; towards the right comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits,
+favorable to Meditation, might help him rather than hinder. Externally,
+again, as he wanders to and fro, there are, if for the longing heart
+little substance, yet for the seeing eye sights enough in these so
+boundless Travels of his, granting that the Satanic School was even
+partially kept down, what an incredible knowledge of our Planet, and
+its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to say, of all knowable things,
+might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+
+"I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying.
+Unknown Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory,
+the Air, by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics
+came, through the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how
+he seeks food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions,
+are ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of
+the terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself
+only.
+
+"Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lingered reflecting,
+and even composing (_dichtete_), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in
+that clear Lakelet moistened my bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees
+of Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of
+China I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and
+covered with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.--Great Events,
+also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated down (_ausgemergelt_) into
+Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World
+well lost; oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by
+each other) in one day. All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed
+together, and shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment
+there, and in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith
+convulsed Europe was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, could not
+escape me.
+
+"For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men
+are the inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF
+REVELATIONS, whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by
+some named HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men,
+and your innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic
+Commentaries, and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox,
+weekly Sermons. For my study, the inspired Texts themselves! Thus did
+not I, in very early days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand
+behind the field-chairs, under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena
+Highway; waiting upon the great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing
+what I have not forgotten. For--"
+
+--But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some
+time ago laid down, and must suppress much. Let not the sacredness of
+Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with. Should we,
+at a future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for
+Publication, then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious
+be conceded; which for the present were little better than treacherous,
+perhaps traitorous Eavesdroppings. Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope
+Pius, Emperor Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari)
+with their mysteries, no notice here! Of Napoleon himself we shall only,
+glancing from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to
+have been of very varied character. At first we find our poor
+Professor on the point of being shot as a spy; then taken into private
+conversation, even pinched on the ear, yet presented with no money;
+at last indignantly dismissed, almost thrown out of doors, as an
+"Ideologist." "He himself," says the Professor, "was among the
+completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists: in the Idea (_in der
+Idee_) he lived, moved and fought. The man was a Divine Missionary,
+though unconscious of it; and preached, through the cannon's throat,
+that great doctrine, _La carriere ouverte aux talens_ (The Tools to him
+that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political Evangel,
+wherein alone can liberty lie. Madly enough he preached, it is true, as
+Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect utterance,
+amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case admitted.
+Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to fell
+unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did
+not entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+boundless harvest, bless."
+
+More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance
+and emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North
+Cape, on that June Midnight. He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak"
+hanging round him, as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole
+upper-garment;" and stands there, on the World-promontory, looking
+over the infinite Brine, like a little blue Belfry (as we figure), now
+motionless indeed, yet ready, if stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+
+"Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the
+Arctic latitudes, has its character: nothing but the granite cliffs
+ruddy-tinged, the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean,
+over which in the utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if
+he too were slumbering. Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and
+cloth-of-gold; yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters,
+like a tremulous fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide
+itself under my feet. In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for
+who would speak, or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and
+Africa, fast asleep, except the watchmen; and before him the silent
+Immensity, and Palace of the Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a
+porch-lamp?
+
+"Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean
+Bear, hails me in Russian speech: most probably, therefore, a Russian
+Smuggler. With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to
+contraband trade, my humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private.
+In vain: the monster, counting doubtless on his superior stature,
+and minded to make sport for himself, or perhaps profit, were it with
+murder, continues to advance; ever assailing me with his importunate
+train-oil breath; and now has advanced, till we stand both on the verge
+of the rock, the deep Sea rippling greedily down below. What argument
+will avail? On the thick Hyperborean, cherubic reasoning, seraphic
+eloquence were lost. Prepared for such extremity, I, deftly enough,
+whisk aside one step; draw out, from my interior reservoirs, a
+sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be so obliging as retire,
+Friend (_Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund_), and with promptitude!' This
+logic even the Hyperborean understands: fast enough, with apologetic,
+petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for suicidal as well as
+homicidal purposes, need not return.
+
+"Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder: that it makes all men
+alike tall. Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more
+_Mind_, though all but no _Body_ whatever, then canst thou kill me
+first, and art the taller. Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless,
+and the David resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive
+Spiritualism is all.
+
+"With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas. Few things, in this
+so surprising world, strike me with more surprise. Two little visual
+Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of
+the UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,--make
+pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and,
+simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into
+Dissolution; and off-hand become Air, and Non-extant! Deuce on it
+(_verdammt_), the little spitfires!--Nay, I think with old Hugo von
+Trimberg: 'God must needs laugh outright, could such a thing be, to see
+his wondrous Manikins here below.'"
+
+But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality,
+which is our chief quest here: How prospered the inner man of
+Teufelsdrockh, under so much outward shifting! Does Legion still lurk
+in him, though repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood? We
+can answer that the symptoms continue promising. Experience is the
+grand spiritual Doctor; and with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a
+patient, swallowing many a bitter bolus. Unless our poor Friend belong
+to the numerous class of Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure
+will doubtless be effected. We should rather say that Legion, or the
+Satanic School, was now pretty well extirpated and cast out, but next
+to nothing introduced in its room; whereby the heart remains, for the
+while, in a quiet but no comfortable state.
+
+"At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I
+was what you might name calcined. Pray only that it be not rather, as is
+the more frequent issue, reduced to a _caput-mortuum_! But in any
+case, by mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.
+Wretchedness was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it,
+and despise it. Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not
+found a Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his
+brave garnitures, miserable enough? Thy wishes have all been sniffed
+aside, thought I: but what, had they even been all granted! Did not the
+Boy Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole
+Solar System; or after that, a whole Universe? _Ach Gott_, when I gazed
+into these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity, from
+their serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over the
+little lot of man! Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our
+own, have been swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them
+any more; and Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still
+shining in their courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first
+noted them in the plain of Shinar. Pshaw! what is this paltry little
+Dog-cage of an Earth; what art thou that sittest whining there? Thou art
+still Nothing, Nobody: true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody? For
+thee the Family of Man has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a
+dissevered limb: so be it; perhaps it is better so!"
+
+Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh! Yet surely his bands are loosening; one
+day he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with
+a second youth.
+
+"This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the
+Positive must necessarily pass."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+
+"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not
+all to be tried with such? Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us
+by birth, be dispossessed. Our Life is compassed round with Necessity;
+yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary
+Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially,
+a hard-fought battle. For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in
+Well-doing_, lies mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic
+Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it
+be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible,
+acted Gospel of Freedom. And as the clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and
+be filled_, at the same time persuasively proclaims itself through every
+nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a contest, before the better
+Influence can become the upper?
+
+"To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay
+must now be vanquished or vanquish,--should be carried of the spirit
+into grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle
+with him; defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly. Name
+it as we choose: with or without visible Devil, whether in the
+natural Desert of rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of
+selfishness and baseness,--to such Temptation are we all called. Unhappy
+if we are not! Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine
+handwriting has never blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor;
+but quivers dubiously amid meaner lights: or smoulders, in dull pain, in
+darkness, under earthly vapors!--Our Wilderness is the wide World in
+an Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and
+fasting: nevertheless, to these also comes an end. Yes, to me also was
+given, if not Victory, yet the consciousness of Battle, and the
+resolve to persevere therein while life or faculty is left. To me also,
+entangled in the enchanted forests, demon-peopled, doleful of sight and
+of sound, it was given, after weariest wanderings, to work out my way
+into the higher sunlit slopes--of that Mountain which has no summit, or
+whose summit is in Heaven only!"
+
+He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once
+for all, natural to him: "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient
+men (_tuchtigen Manner_) thou hast known in this generation? An outflush
+of foolish young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as
+many weeds as valuable herbs: this all parched away, under the Droughts
+of practical and spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and
+act, often-repeated gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled
+into Denial! If I have had a second-crop, and now see the perennial
+greensward, and sit under umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and
+Doubt); herein too, be the Heavens praised, I am not without examples,
+and even exemplars."
+
+So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious
+revolution:" these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of
+his were but some purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his
+apostolic work (such as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now
+happily over, and the Devil once more worsted! Was "that high moment in
+the _Rue de l'Enfer_," then, properly the turning-point of the battle;
+when the Fiend said, _Worship me, or be torn in shreds_; and was
+answered valiantly with an _Apage Satana_?--Singular Teufelsdrockh,
+would thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words! But it is
+fruitless to look there, in those Paper-bags, for such. Nothing but
+innuendoes, figurative crotchets: a typical Shadow, fitfully wavering,
+prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture. "How paint to the sensual
+eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies of Man's Soul;
+in what words, known to these profane times, speak even afar-off of the
+unspeakable?" We ask in turn: Why perplex these times, profane as
+they are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by commission? Not
+mystical only is our Professor, but whimsical; and involves himself, now
+more than ever, in eye-bewildering _chiaroscuro_. Successive glimpses,
+here faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must endeavor to
+combine for their own behoof.
+
+He says: "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in
+my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was
+as if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce
+utterly, and say: Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no
+more, I will believe you no more. And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear,
+I care not for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here:
+for I am way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to
+die: to die or to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."--And again:
+"Here, then, as I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by
+benignant upper Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled
+gradually away, and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth. The first
+preliminary moral Act, Annihilation of Self (_Selbst-todtung_), had
+been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its
+hands ungyved."
+
+Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+already taking wholesome effect on him? If it were not that the tone,
+in some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest
+Dualism: light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the
+fore-court, while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe
+and wail. We transcribe the piece entire.
+
+"Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and
+meditating; on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me,
+as roof, the azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing
+curtains,--namely, of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes
+also I have seen gilding. And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood
+sheltered in these Mountain hollows; with their green flower-lawns,
+and white dames and damosels, lovely enough: or better still, the
+straw-roofed Cottages, wherein stood many a Mother baking bread, with
+her children round her:--all hidden and protectingly folded up in the
+valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as if I beheld them. Or to
+see, as well as fancy, the nine Towns and Villages, that lay round my
+mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were wont to speak to me (by
+their steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in almost all weather,
+proclaimed their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds; whereon, as on a
+culinary horologe, I might read the hour of the day. For it was the
+smoke of cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday, eventide, were
+boiling their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose up into the
+air, successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine, saying, as
+plainly as smoke could say: Such and such a meal is getting ready
+here. Not uninteresting! For you have the whole Borough, with all its
+love-makings and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as
+in miniature, and could cover it all with your hat.--If, in my wide
+Way-farings, I had learned to look into the business of the World in
+its details, here perhaps was the place for combining it into general
+propositions, and deducing inferences therefrom.
+
+"Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+Distance: round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad
+witch's hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear
+sunbeam, your Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor
+had held snow. How thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great
+fermenting-vat and laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O
+Nature!--Or what is Nature? Ha! why do I not name thee GOD? Art not thou
+the 'Living Garment of God'? O Heavens, is it, in very deed, HE, then,
+that ever speaks through thee; that lives and loves in thee, that lives
+and loves in me?
+
+"Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than
+Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice
+to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults;
+like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated
+heart, came that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a
+charnel-house with spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+
+"With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman: with an
+infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou
+not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou
+bear the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary,
+so heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, my
+Brother, why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears
+from thy eyes!--Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this
+solitude, with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening
+discord, but a melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a
+dumb creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth,
+with her poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man,
+with his so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to
+me; and even for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him
+Brother. Thus was I standing in the porch of that '_Sanctuary of
+Sorrow_;' by strange, steep ways had I too been guided thither; and ere
+long its sacred gates would open, and the '_Divine Depth of Sorrow_' lie
+disclosed to me."
+
+The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free. "A
+vain interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present
+called Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since
+the beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from
+idle Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to. The
+most, in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+indispensable. In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in
+different terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become
+obsolete, and is found unserviceable. For it is man's nature to change
+his Dialect from century to century; he cannot help it though he would.
+The authentic _Church-Catechism_ of our present century has not yet
+fallen into my hands: meanwhile, for my own private behoof I attempt to
+elucidate the matter so. Man's Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his
+Greatness; it is because there is an Infinite in him, which with all his
+cunning he cannot quite bury under the Finite. Will the whole Finance
+Ministers and Upholsterers and Confectioners of modern Europe undertake,
+in joint-stock company, to make one Shoeblack HAPPY? They cannot
+accomplish it, above an hour or two: for the Shoeblack also has a Soul
+quite other than his Stomach; and would require, if you consider it,
+for his permanent satisfaction and saturation, simply this allotment,
+no more, and no less: _God's infinite Universe altogether to himself_,
+therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill every wish as fast as it rose.
+Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of Ophiuchus: speak not of
+them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as nothing. No sooner is
+your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might have been of better
+vintage. Try him with half of a Universe, of an Omnipotence, he sets to
+quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half, and declares himself
+the most maltreated of men.--Always there is a black spot in our
+sunshine: it is even, as I said, the _Shadow of Ourselves_.
+
+"But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus. By certain
+valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+indefeasible right. It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such _overplus_ as there may
+be do we account Happiness; any _deficit_ again is Misery. Now consider
+that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what a fund
+of Self-conceit there is in each of us,--do you wonder that the balance
+should so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry: See
+there, what a payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!--I tell thee,
+Blockhead, it all comes of thy Vanity; of what thou _fanciest_ those
+same deserts of thine to be. Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged (as
+is most likely), thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot: fancy that
+thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to die
+in hemp.
+
+"So true is it, what I then said, that _the Fraction of Life can be
+increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by
+lessening your Denominator_. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, _Unity_
+itself divided by _Zero_ will give _Infinity_. Make thy claim of wages
+a zero, then; thou hast the world under thy feet. Well did the Wisest
+of our time write: 'It is only with Renunciation (_Entsagen_) that Life,
+properly speaking, can be said to begin.'
+
+"I asked myself: What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account
+of? Say it in a word: is it not because thou art not HAPPY? Because
+the THOU (sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished,
+soft-bedded, and lovingly cared for? Foolish soul! What Act of
+Legislature was there that _thou_ shouldst be Happy? A little while
+ago thou hadst no right to _be_ at all. What if thou wert born and
+predestined not to be Happy, but to be Unhappy! Art thou nothing other
+than a Vulture, then, that fliest through the Universe seeking after
+somewhat to _eat_; and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not
+given thee? Close thy _Byron_; open thy _Goethe_."
+
+"_Es leuchtet mir ein_, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:
+"there is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness: he can do without
+Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness! Was it not to preach
+forth this same HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest,
+in all times, have spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life
+and through death, of the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike
+only has he Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou
+also honored to be taught; O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful
+Afflictions, even till thou become contrite and learn it! Oh, thank thy
+Destiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need
+of them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant
+fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease,
+and triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
+engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure;
+love God. This is the EVERLASTING YEA, wherein all contradiction is
+solved: wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him."
+
+And again: "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee: thou canst love
+the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for
+this a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent. Knowest thou
+that '_Worship of Sorrow_'? The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen
+centuries ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation
+of doleful creatures: nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt,
+arched out of falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and
+its sacred Lamp perennially burning."
+
+Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor
+will only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more
+questionable character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay
+wherein he himself does not see his way. Nebulous disquisitions
+on Religion, yet not without bursts of splendor; on the "perennial
+continuance of Inspiration;" on Prophecy; that there are "true Priests,
+as well as Baal-Priests, in our own day:" with more of the like sort. We
+select some fractions, by way of finish to this farrago.
+
+"Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+Professor: "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+finished. Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+considerable or otherwise: That the Mythus of the Christian Religion
+looks not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth. Alas,
+were thy six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other
+quartos and folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since
+on the same subject, all needed to convince us of so little! But what
+next? Wilt thou help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in
+a new Mythus, in a new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise
+too like perishing, may live? What! thou hast no faculty in that kind?
+Only a torch for burning, no hammer for building? Take our thanks, then,
+and--thyself away.
+
+"Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me? Or is the God present,
+felt in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out
+of me; or dispute into me? To the '_Worship of Sorrow_' ascribe what
+origin and genesis thou pleasest, _has_ not that Worship originated,
+and been generated; is it not _here_? Feel it in thy heart, and then say
+whether it is of God! This is Belief; all else is Opinion,--for which
+latter whoso will, let him worry and be worried."
+
+"Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like: try rather to get
+a little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself. One BIBLE I
+know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible;
+nay with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it: thereof all other
+Bibles are but Leaves,--say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker
+faculty."
+
+Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him
+take the following perhaps more intelligible passage:--
+
+"To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable. Hast
+thou in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think
+well what the meaning thereof is. If thou gauge it to the bottom, it
+is simply this: 'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of
+Happiness in the world, something from my share: which, by the Heavens,
+thou shalt not; nay I will fight thee rather.'--Alas, and the whole lot
+to be divided is such a beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for
+the substance has been spilled out: not enough to quench one Appetite;
+and the collective human species clutching at them!--Can we not, in all
+such cases, rather say: 'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take
+that pitiful additional fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but
+which thou so wantest; take it with a blessing: would to Heaven I had
+enough for thee!'--If Fichte's _Wissenschaftslehre_ be, 'to a certain
+extent, Applied Christianity,' surely to a still greater extent, so is
+this. We have here not a Whole Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the
+Passive half: could we but do it, as we can demonstrate it!
+
+"But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till
+it convert itself into Conduct. Nay properly Conviction is not possible
+till then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a
+vortex amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience
+does it find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a
+system. Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any
+sort cannot be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let
+him who gropes painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays
+vehemently that the dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well
+to heart, which to me was of invaluable service: '_Do the Duty which
+lies nearest thee_,' which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty
+will already have become clearer.
+
+"May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+even this: When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario
+in _Wilhelm Meister_, that your 'America is here or nowhere'? The
+Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by
+man. Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual,
+wherein thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it
+out therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free. Fool! the Ideal is
+in thyself, the impediment too is in thyself: thy Condition is but the
+stuff thou art to shape that same Ideal out of: what matters whether
+such stuff be of this sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic,
+be poetic? O thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and
+criest bitterly to the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create,
+know this of a truth: the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here
+or nowhere,' couldst thou only see!
+
+"But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature: the beginning of
+Creation is--Light. Till the eye have vision, the whole members are in
+bonds. Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over
+the wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken: Let there be Light! Ever to
+the greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest
+and least. The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled
+conflicting elements bind themselves into separate Firmaments: deep
+silent rock-foundations are built beneath; and the skyey vault with its
+everlasting Luminaries above: instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have
+a blooming, fertile, heaven-encompassed World.
+
+"I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World,
+or even Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest
+infinitesimal fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name! 'Tis the
+utmost thou hast in thee: out with it, then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy
+hand findeth to do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called
+To-day; for the Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. PAUSE.
+
+Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and
+almost Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself
+seems to consider as Conversion. "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice
+rather that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in
+our modern Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients. The Old World
+knew nothing of Conversion; instead of an _Ecce Homo_, they had only
+some _Choice of Hercules_. It was a new-attained progress in the Moral
+Development of man: hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of
+the most Limited; what to Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates
+a chimera, is now clear and certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys,
+and the poorest of their Pietists and Methodists."
+
+It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh
+commences: we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with
+the spirit and clear aims of a Man. He has discovered that the Ideal
+Workshop he so panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished
+Workshop he has so long been stumbling in. He can say to himself:
+"Tools? Thou hast no Tools? Why, there is not a Man, or a Thing, now
+alive but has tools. The basest of created animalcules, the Spider
+itself, has a spinning-jenny, and warping-mill, and power-loom within
+its head: the stupidest of Oysters has a Papin's-Digester, with
+stone-and-lime house to hold it in: every being that can live can do
+something: this let him _do_.--Tools? Hast thou not a Brain, furnished,
+furnishable with some glimmerings of Light; and three fingers to hold a
+Pen withal? Never since Aaron's Rod went out of practice, or even before
+it, was there such a wonder-working Tool: greater than all recorded
+miracles have been performed by Pens. For strangely in this so
+solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in continual restless flux,
+it is appointed that _Sound_, to appearance the most fleeting, should
+be the most continuing of all things. The WORD is well said to be
+omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can create as by a
+_Fiat_. Awake, arise! Speak forth what is in thee; what God has given
+thee, what the Devil shall not take away. Higher task than that of
+Priesthood was allotted to no man: wert thou but the meanest in that
+sacred Hierarchy, is it not honor enough therein to spend and be spent?
+
+"By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden. Writings
+of mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps
+not altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my
+unseen sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there. I thank the Heavens
+that I have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible
+result, I am minded diligently to persevere.
+
+"Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant
+Device, now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like
+a grain of right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now
+stretching out strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the
+air to lodge in,--may have been properly my doing? Some one's doing, it
+without doubt was; from some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of
+all take beginning: why not from some Idea in mine?" Does Teufelsdrockh,
+here glance at that "SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY
+(_Eigenthums-conservirende Gesellschaft_)," of which so many ambiguous
+notices glide spectra-like through these inexpressible Paper-bags? "An
+Institution," hints he, "not unsuitable to the wants of the time; as
+indeed such sudden extension proves: for already can the Society number,
+among its office-bearers or corresponding members, the highest Names, if
+not the highest Persons, in Germany, England, France; and contributions,
+both of money and of meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if
+possible, enlist the remaining Integrity of the world, and, defensively
+and with forethought, marshal it round this Palladium." Does
+Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give himself out as the originator of
+that so notable _Eigenthums-conservirende_ ("Owndom-conserving")
+_Gesellschaft_; and if so, what, in the Devil's name, is it? He again
+hints: "At a time when the divine Commandment, _Thou shalt not steal_,
+wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the whole Hebrew
+Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions, Justinian's
+Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms, Divinities,
+Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and enforced with
+Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance: at a time, I say,
+when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the general
+remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite Commandment,
+_Thou shalt steal_, is everywhere promulgated,--it perhaps behooved, in
+this universal dotage and deliration, the sound portion of mankind to
+bestir themselves and rally. When the widest and wildest violations
+of that divine right of Property, the only divine right now extant or
+conceivable, are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious Press, and the
+world has lived to hear it asserted that _we have no Property in our
+very Bodies, but only an accidental Possession and Life-rent_, what
+is the issue to be looked for? Hangmen and Catchpoles may, by their
+noose-gins and baited fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort of vermin;
+but what, except perhaps some such Universal Association, can protect
+us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of
+Boa-constrictors. If, therefore, the more sequestered Thinker have
+wondered, in his privacy, from what hand that perhaps not ill-written
+_Program_ in the Public Journals, with its high _Prize-Questions_ and so
+liberal _Prizes_, could have proceeded,--let him now cease such
+wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to the _Concurrenz_
+(Competition)."
+
+We ask: Has this same "perhaps not ill-written _Program_," or any other
+authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen under
+the eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic? If
+so, what are those _Prize-Questions_; what are the terms of Competition,
+and when and where? No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther light of any
+sort, to be met with in these Paper-bags! Or is the whole business one
+other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities, whereby
+Herr Teufelsdrockh, meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often to play
+fast-and-loose with us?
+
+
+Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him;
+paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his
+thorny Biographical task a labor of love. It is a suspicion grounded
+perhaps on trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and
+more discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in
+whom underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel
+within wheel, defy all reckoning: a suspicion, in one word, that these
+Autobiographical Documents are partly a mystification! What if many
+a so-called Fact were little better than a Fiction; if here we had no
+direct Camera-obscura Picture of the Professor's History; but only some
+more or less fantastic Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly
+enough, shadowing forth the same! Our theory begins to be that, in
+receiving as literally authentic what was but hieroglyphically so,
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in that case we scruple not to name Hofrath
+Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of, and set adrift to make fools of others.
+Could it be expected, indeed, that a man so known for impenetrable
+reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at once frankly unlock his private
+citadel to an English Editor and a German Hofrath; and not rather
+deceptively _in_lock both Editor and Hofrath in the labyrinthic
+tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having enticed them
+thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools would look?
+
+Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself
+short. On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being
+all but invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher,
+the following: "What are your historical Facts; still more your
+biographical? Wilt thou know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing
+together bead-rolls of what thou namest Facts? The Man is the spirit
+he worked in; not what he did, but what he became. Facts are engraved
+Hierograms, for which the fewest have the key. And then how your
+Blockhead (_Dummkopf_) studies not their Meaning; but simply whether
+they are well or ill cut, what he calls Moral or Immoral! Still worse
+is it with your Bungler (_Pfuscher_): such I have seen reading some
+Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation; and mistaking the ill-cut
+Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous reptile." Was the Professor
+apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the present boasts himself,
+might mistake the Teufelsdrockh Serpent-of-Eternity in like manner? For
+which reason it was to be altered, not without underhand satire, into
+a plainer Symbol? Or is this merely one of his half-sophisms,
+half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of a Figure, he cares
+not whither it gallop? We say not with certainty; and indeed, so strange
+is the Professor, can never say. If our suspicion be wholly unfounded,
+let his own questionable ways, not our necessary circumspectness bear
+the blame.
+
+But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present. Let it
+suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+what he became:" the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for. The
+imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche: and such, wheresoever
+be its flight, it will continue. To trace by what complex gyrations
+(flights or involuntary waftings) through the mere external
+Life-element, Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and
+the Psyche clothes herself in civic Titles, without altering her now
+fixed nature,--would be comparatively an unproductive task, were we even
+unsuspicious of its being, for us at least, a false and impossible one.
+His outward Biography, therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we
+saw churned utterly into spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for
+aught that concerns us here. Enough that by survey of certain "pools and
+plashes," we have ascertained its general direction; do we not already
+know that, by one way and other, it _has_ long since rained down again
+into a stream; and even now, at Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still,
+fraught with the _Philosophy of Clothes_, and visible to whoso will
+cast eye thereon? Over much invaluable matter, that lies scattered,
+like jewels among quarry-rubbish, in those Paper-catacombs, we may have
+occasion to glance back, and somewhat will demand insertion at the right
+place: meanwhile be our tiresome diggings therein suspended.
+
+If now, before reopening the great _Clothes-Volume_, we ask what our
+degree of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+understanding of the _Clothes-Philosophy_, let not our discouragement
+become total. To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+conjecture.
+
+So much we already calculate: Through many a little loophole, we have
+had glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange
+mystic, almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually
+drawn, is not henceforth altogether dark to us. Those mysterious ideas
+on TIME, which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible
+with such, may by and by prove significant. Still more may his somewhat
+peculiar view of Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature. How
+all Nature and Life are but one _Garment_, a "Living Garment," woven and
+ever a-weaving in the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline
+of a whole _Clothes-Philosophy_; at least the arena it is to work in?
+Remark, too, that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning
+in such a matter, becomes less enigmatic: amid so much tumultuous
+obscurity, almost like diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable
+Defiance and yet a boundless Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two
+mountain-summits, on whose rock-strata all the rest were based and
+built?
+
+Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it
+were preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy? To look through the Shows of
+things into Things themselves he is led and compelled. The "Passivity"
+given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune. Everywhere
+cast out, like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in
+any public Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of
+Meditation. The whole energy of his existence is directed, through long
+years, on one task: that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it. Thus
+everywhere do the Shows of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten
+him with fearfullest destruction: only by victoriously penetrating into
+Things themselves can he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this
+same looking through the Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the
+first preliminary to a _Philosophy of Clothes_? Do we not, in all
+this, discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such
+a Philosophy; and what shape it must assume with such a man, in such an
+era?
+
+Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+without guess whither he is bound: nor, let us hope, for all the
+fantastic Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh,
+he must wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a
+steady Polar Star.
+
+
+
+
+BOOK III.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+
+As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an
+early part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself.
+Striking it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force
+of vision and of heart he pierced into the mystery of the World;
+recognizing in the highest sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went,
+only fresh or faded Raiment; yet ever, under this, a celestial Essence
+thereby rendered visible: and while, on the one hand, he trod the old
+rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into the mire, he on the other
+everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly principalities and powers,
+and worshipped it, though under the meanest shapes, with a true
+Platonic mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed by thus casting his
+Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe; what such, more
+or less complete, rending and burning of Garments throughout the whole
+compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should lead to; the rather as
+he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not, like Rousseau, recommend
+either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a return to the savage
+state: all this our readers are now bent to discover; this is, in fact,
+properly the gist and purport of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Philosophy of
+Clothes.
+
+Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much
+evolved, as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our
+British Friends into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines;
+nowise to dig out and exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all
+time inexhaustible. Once there, let each dig for his own behoof, and
+enrich himself.
+
+Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the
+Professor's, can our course now more than formerly be straightforward,
+step by step, but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand
+out here and there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely
+and narrowly, shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole: to
+select these with judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be
+possible, and (in our old figure) by chaining them together, a passable
+Bridge be effected: this, as heretofore, continues our only method.
+Among such light-spots, the following, floating in much wild matter
+about _Perfectibility_, has seemed worth clutching at:--
+
+"Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident
+passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree
+of ridicule by others: namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker,
+was one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of
+the Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls
+of Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable
+Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly
+accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods
+it has chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid
+pincers, paste-horns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of
+rubbish, this youth had, nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him;
+also an antique Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it
+could look upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily
+pair of shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and
+an honorable Mastership in Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of
+Thirdborough in his hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,--was
+nowise satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever amid the boring and
+hammering came tones from that far country, came Splendors and Terrors;
+for this poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the Temple of
+Immensity, wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy
+mystery to him.
+
+"The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters
+of that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to
+'drink beer, and dance with the girls.' Blind leaders of the blind!
+For what end were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their
+shovel-hats scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt
+on; and such a church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other
+racketing, held over that spot of God's Earth,--if Man were but a Patent
+Digester, and the Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned
+from them, with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings
+and his Bible. Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been
+heaped over that Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried
+there. Through long days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and
+wrestled, with a man's force, to be free: how its prison-mountains
+heaved and swayed tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this
+hand and that, and emerged into the light of Heaven! That Leicester
+shoe-shop, had men known it, was a holier place than any Vatican or
+Loretto-shrine.--'So bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he,
+'with thousand requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags,
+I can neither see nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time
+flies fast, and Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee,
+if thou hast power of Thought! Why not; what binds me here? Want,
+want!--Ha, of what? Will all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me
+across into that far Land of Light? Only Meditation can, and devout
+Prayer to God. I will to the woods: the hollow of a tree will lodge
+me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes, cannot I stitch myself one
+perennial suit of Leather!'
+
+"Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts
+I never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject
+were easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as
+if such first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and
+more into Day, the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its
+hindrances and its horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is
+in History. Let some living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and
+understanding heart, picture George Fox on that morning, when he spreads
+out his cutting-board for the last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted
+patterns, and stitches them together into one continuous all-including
+Case, the farewell service of his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox:
+every prick of that little instrument is pricking into the heart of
+Slavery, and World-worship, and the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as
+in strong swimmer-strokes, and every stroke is bearing thee across the
+Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds her Workhouse and Ragfair, into
+lands of true Liberty; were the work done, there is in broad Europe one
+Free Man, and thou art he!
+
+"Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and
+for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely if, as D'Alembert
+asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is
+George Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes
+himself: for he too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood,
+casting aside all props and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride,
+undervaluing the Earth; valuing it rather, as a place to yield him
+warmth and food, he looks Heavenward from his Earth, and dwells in an
+element of Mercy and Worship, with a still Strength, such as the Cynic's
+Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly, was that Tub; a temple from which
+man's dignity and divinity was scornfully preached abroad: but greater
+is the Leather Hull, for the same sermon was preached there, and not in
+Scorn but in Love."
+
+
+George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn
+quite into ashes for nigh two centuries: why, in a discussion on
+the _Perfectibility of Society_, reproduce it now? Not out of blind
+sectarian partisanship: Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all
+his pacific tendencies, did not we see him, in that scene at the North
+Cape, with the Archangel Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+
+For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+passage than meets the ear. At the same time, who can avoid smiling
+at the earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an
+underhand satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought
+forward; and, in the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as
+he durst in Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation! Does Teufelsdrockh
+anticipate that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class
+of the community, by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and
+escaping from what he calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair,"
+where doubtless some of them are toiled and whipped and hoodwinked
+sufficiently,--will sheathe themselves in close-fitting cases of
+Leather? The idea is ridiculous in the extreme. Will Majesty lay aside
+its robes of state, and Beauty its frills and train-gowns, for a second
+skin of tanned hide? By which change Huddersfield and Manchester, and
+Coventry and Paisley, and the Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry
+solitudes; and only Day and Martin could profit. For neither would
+Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we presume covertly intended, of
+levelling Society (_levelling_ it indeed with a vengeance, into one
+huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining the political effects of Nudity
+without its frigorific or other consequences,--be thereby realized.
+Would not the rich man purchase a waterproof suit of Russia Leather;
+and the high-born Belle step forth in red or azure morocco, lined with
+shamoy: the black cowhide being left to the Drudges and Gibeonites of
+the world; and so all the old Distinctions be re-established?
+
+Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve
+at our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+
+Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has
+the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume. We here
+translate it entire:--
+
+"By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in. Far from it! Church-Clothes
+are, in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have
+at various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them
+as a living and life-giving WORD.
+
+"These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+garnitures of Human Existence. They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or
+three are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent,
+and indeed indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly
+manifests itself (as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be
+embodied in a visible Communion and Church Militant. Mystical, more than
+magical, is that Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward:
+here properly Soul first speaks with Soul; for only in looking
+heavenward, take it in what sense you may, not in looking earthward,
+does what we can call Union, mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible.
+How true is that of Novalis: 'It is certain, my Belief gains quite
+_infinitely_ the moment I can convince another mind thereof'! Gaze thou
+in the face of thy Brother, in those eyes where plays the lambent fire
+of Kindness, or in those where rages the lurid conflagration of Anger;
+feel how thy own so quiet Soul is straightway involuntarily kindled with
+the like, and ye blaze and reverberate on each other, till it is all
+one limitless confluent flame (of embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling
+Hate); and then say what miraculous virtue goes out of man into man. But
+if so, through all the thick-plied hulls of our Earthly Life; how much
+more when it is of the Divine Life we speak, and inmost ME is, as it
+were, brought into contact with inmost ME!
+
+"Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven
+by Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes
+possible by Religion. Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and
+present, may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or
+other of these three predicaments: an audibly preaching and prophesying
+Church, which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach
+and prophesy, but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and
+worst, a Church gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium
+prior to dissolution. Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant
+Chapter-houses and Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere
+speech and chanting, let him," says the oracular Professor, "read on,
+light of heart (_getrosten Muthes_).
+
+"But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+exist. For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying _under_ such
+SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;--then is Religion the
+inmost Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm
+Circulation to the whole. Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones
+and Muscles (of Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic
+vitality; the SKIN would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting
+rawhide; and Society itself a dead carcass,--deserving to be buried. Men
+were no longer Social, but Gregarious; which latter state also could not
+continue, but must gradually issue in universal selfish discord, hatred,
+savage isolation, and dispersion;--whereby, as we might continue to say,
+the very dust and dead body of Society would have evaporated and
+become abolished. Such, and so all-important, all-sustaining, are the
+Church-Clothes to civilized or even to rational men.
+
+"Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become
+mere hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit
+any longer dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid
+accumulation, drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you
+with its glass eyes, in ghastly affectation of Life,--some
+generation-and-half after Religion has quite withdrawn from it, and
+in unnoticed nooks is weaving for herself new Vestures, wherewith
+to reappear, and bless us, or our sons or grandsons. As a Priest, or
+Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and highest of all men, so is
+a Sham-priest (_Schein-priester_) the falsest and basest; neither is it
+doubtful that his Canonicals, were they Popes' Tiaras, will one day be
+torn from him, to make bandages for the wounds of mankind; or even to
+burn into tinder, for general scientific or culinary purposes.
+
+"All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second
+Volume, _On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society_; which volume,
+as treating practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture
+of Spiritual Tissues, or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the
+Transcendental or ultimate Portion of this my work on _Clothes_, and is
+already in a state of forwardness."
+
+And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added,
+does Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular
+chapter on Church-Clothes!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS.
+
+Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure
+utterances, if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations
+on _Symbols_. To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our
+compass: nowhere is he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of
+"Fantasy being the organ of the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though
+based, to all seeming, on the small Visible, does nevertheless extend
+down into the infinite deeps of the Invisible, of which Invisible,
+indeed, his Life is properly the bodying forth." Let us, omitting these
+high transcendental aspects of the matter, study to glean (whether from
+the Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what little seems logical and
+practical, and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as
+it will assume. By way of proem, take the following not injudicious
+remarks:--
+
+"The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who
+shall speak or sing? SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised
+to them (were this an altar-building time) for universal worship.
+Silence is the element in which great things fashion themselves
+together; that at length they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into
+the daylight of Life, which they are thenceforth to rule. Not William
+the Silent only, but all the considerable men I have known, and the most
+undiplomatic and unstrategic of these, forbore to babble of what they
+were creating and projecting. Nay, in thy own mean perplexities, do
+thou thyself but _hold thy tongue for one day_: on the morrow, how much
+clearer are thy purposes and duties; what wreck and rubbish have those
+mute workmen within thee swept away, when intrusive noises were shut
+out! Speech is too often not, as the Frenchman defined it, the art of
+concealing Thought; but of quite stifling and suspending Thought,
+so that there is none to conceal. Speech too is great, but not the
+greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says: _Sprechen ist silbern,
+Schweigen ist golden_ (Speech is silvern, Silence is golden); or as I
+might rather express it: Speech is of Time, Silence is of Eternity.
+
+"Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+Silence: neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy. Let not thy left
+hand know what thy right hand doeth! Neither shalt thou prate even to
+thy own heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (_Schaam_)
+the soil of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals? Like other
+plants, Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the
+eye of the sun. Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily
+thyself, the root withers, and no flower will glad thee. O my Friends,
+when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example,
+the Marriage-bower, and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues
+of Heaven, what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them
+up by the roots, and, with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us
+the dung they flourish in! Men speak much of the Printing Press with
+its Newspapers: _du Himmel_! what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's
+Goose?
+
+"Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of _Symbols_. In
+a Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by
+Silence and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance. And
+if both the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how
+expressive will their union be! Thus in many a painted Device, or simple
+Seal-emblem, the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite
+new emphasis.
+
+"For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith. In the
+Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible,
+and as it were, attainable there. By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided
+and commanded, made happy, made wretched: He everywhere finds himself
+encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized: the
+Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what
+is man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical;
+a revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a
+'Gospel of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he
+can, by act and word? Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment
+of a Thought; but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in
+the transcendental sense, symbolical as well as real."
+
+"Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with
+these high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the
+verge of the inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl. Perhaps, too,
+of all the owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we
+consider it, is that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights.
+Fantastic tricks enough man has played, in his time; has fancied himself
+to be most things, down even to an animated heap of Glass: but to fancy
+himself a dead Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was
+reserved for this his latter era. There stands he, his Universe one huge
+Manger, filled with hay and thistles to be weighed against each other;
+and looks long-eared enough. Alas, poor devil! spectres are appointed to
+haunt him: one age he is hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden,
+befooled; in all ages, bedevilled. And now the Genius of Mechanism
+smothers him worse than any Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked
+out of him, and only a kind of Digestive, Mechanic life remains. In
+Earth and in Heaven he can see nothing but Mechanism; has fear for
+nothing else, hope in nothing else: the world would indeed grind him
+to pieces; but cannot he fathom the Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly
+compute these, and mechanize them to grind the other way?
+
+"Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but
+to bid him open his eyes and look. In which country, in which time, was
+it hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+calculated or calculable 'Motives'? What make ye of your Christianities,
+and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+Terror? Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in _Love_?
+Did he never stand so much as a contested Election? Leave him to Time,
+and the medicating virtue of Nature."
+
+"Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might
+say, Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to
+lead us hellward. Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense
+but the implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of? Ever in the
+dullest existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness
+(thou partly hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in
+from the circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little
+islet of Time. The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou
+canst not make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving
+retina, healthy or diseased. Have not I myself known five hundred living
+soldiers sabred into crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which
+they called their Flag; which, had you sold it at any market-cross,
+would not have brought above three groschen? Did not the whole Hungarian
+Nation rise, like some tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser
+Joseph pocketed their Iron Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously
+observed, in size and commercial value little differing from a
+horse-shoe? It is in and through _Symbols_ that man, consciously or
+unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being: those ages, moreover,
+are accounted the noblest which can the best recognize symbolical worth,
+and prize it the highest. For is not a Symbol ever, to him who has eyes
+for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the Godlike?
+
+"Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only. What, for instance, was
+in that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign
+in their _Bauernkrieg_ (Peasants' War)? Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+which the Netherland _Gueux_, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+Intrinsic significance these had none: only extrinsic; as the accidental
+Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in
+which union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+borrowing of the Godlike. Under a like category, too, stand, or stood,
+the stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs: they
+have no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have
+acquired an extrinsic one. Nevertheless through all these there glimmers
+something of a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the
+Divine Idea of Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of
+Right. Nay the highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the
+Cross itself, had no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+
+"Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning,
+and is of itself _fit_ that men should unite round it. Let but the
+Godlike manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less
+visibly, through the Time-Figure (_Zeitbild_)! Then is it fit that men
+unite there; and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day to
+day, and from age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+
+"Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art: in them (if thou know a
+Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+through Time; the Godlike rendered visible. Here too may an extrinsic
+value gradually superadd itself: thus certain _Iliads_, and the like,
+have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance. But
+nobler than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men;
+for what other Work of Art is so divine? In Death too, in the Death of
+the Just, as the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern
+symbolic meaning? In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory,
+resting over the beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if
+thou canst for tears) the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some
+gleam of the latter peering through.
+
+"Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen
+into Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the
+Same: I mean religious Symbols. Various enough have been such religious
+Symbols, what we call _Religions_; as men stood in this stage of culture
+or the other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike: some
+Symbols with a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an extrinsic.
+If thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner, look
+on our divinest Symbol: on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his
+Biography, and what followed therefrom. Higher has the human Thought
+not yet reached: this is Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite
+perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be
+anew inquired into, and anew made manifest.
+
+"But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them;
+and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos has
+not ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like
+a receding Star. It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+know that it _was_ a Sun. So likewise a day comes when the Runic
+Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African
+Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished. For all things, even
+Celestial Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise,
+their culmination, their decline.
+
+"Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but
+a piece of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and
+truly, as Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.' A right Conjurer
+might I name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the
+divine virtue they once held.
+
+"Of this thing, however, be certain: wouldst thou plant for Eternity,
+then plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and
+Heart; wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding,
+what will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World
+will we call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can
+shape new Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such
+too will not always be wanting; neither perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as
+the average of matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can
+so much as tell when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+
+"When, as the last English Coronation [*] I was preparing," concludes this
+wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King,
+had brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+assistance,' I said to myself: Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters
+and rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if
+you shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+suffocation?"
+
+     * That of George IV.--ED.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE.
+
+At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting,
+to a certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled _Institute for the
+Repression of Population_; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag
+_Pisces_. Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire
+little; but of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand,
+which rather copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right
+place here.
+
+Into the Hofrath's _Institute_, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath;
+something like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms
+of Madness. Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there
+light; nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider
+and wider; a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by
+its too dense inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating
+one another. To make air for himself in which strangulation, choking
+enough to a benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found,
+this _Institute_ of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our
+Professor's comments thereon that we concern ourselves.
+
+First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical,
+has his own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and
+courtesies have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the
+blank cover of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly
+engrossed:--
+
+"Two men I honor, and no third. First, the toilworn Craftsman that
+with earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes
+her man's. Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein
+notwithstanding lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of
+the Sceptre of this Planet. Venerable too is the rugged face, all
+weather-tanned, besoiled, with its rude intelligence; for it is the face
+of a Man living manlike. Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness,
+and even because we must pity as well as love thee! Hardly-entreated
+Brother! For us was thy back so bent, for us were thy straight limbs and
+fingers so deformed: thou wert our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and
+fighting our battles wert so marred. For in thee too lay a god-created
+Form, but it was not to be unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the
+thick adhesions and defacements of Labor: and thy body, like thy soul,
+was not to know freedom. Yet toil on, toil on: _thou_ art in thy duty,
+be out of it who may; thou toilest for the altogether indispensable, for
+daily bread.
+
+"A second man I honor, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling
+for the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of
+Life. Is not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony;
+revealing this, by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors,
+be they high or low? Highest of all, when his outward and his inward
+endeavor are one: when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman
+only, but inspired Thinker, who with heaven-made Implement conquers
+Heaven for us! If the poor and humble toil that we have Food, must not
+the high and glorious toil for him in return, that he have Light, have
+Guidance, Freedom, Immortality?--These two, in all their degrees, I
+honor: all else is chaff and dust, which let the wind blow whither it
+listeth.
+
+"Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+toiling inwardly for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with. Such a one
+will take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of
+Heaven spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light
+shining in great darkness."
+
+And again: "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor:
+we must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is
+worse; no faithful workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry
+and athirst; but for him also there is food and drink: he is heavy-laden
+and weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest;
+in his smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do mourn over is, that
+the lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of
+earthly knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness,
+like two spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company. Alas, while
+the Body stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed,
+stupefied, almost annihilated! Alas, was this too a Breath of God;
+bestowed in Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!--That there
+should one Man die ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call
+a tragedy, were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by
+some computations it does. The miserable fraction of Science which our
+united Mankind, in a wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is
+not this, with all diligence, imparted to all?"
+
+Quite in an opposite strain is the following: "The old Spartans had a
+wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+spitted them, when they grew too numerous. With our improved fashions
+of hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and
+standing armies, how much easier were such a hunt! Perhaps in the most
+thickly peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot
+all the able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year. Let
+Governments think of this. The expense were trifling: nay the very
+carcasses would pay it. Have them salted and barrelled; could not you
+victual therewith, if not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers,
+in workhouses and elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of
+them, might see good to keep alive?"
+
+"And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong. A
+full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high
+as two hundred Friedrichs d'or: such is his worth to the world. A
+full-formed Man is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world
+could afford him a round sum would he simply engage to go and hang
+himself. Nevertheless, which of the two was the more cunningly devised
+article, even as an Engine? Good Heavens! A white European Man, standing
+on his two Legs, with his two five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones,
+and miraculous Head on his shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty
+to a hundred Horses!"
+
+"True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere: "too crowded
+indeed! Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more? How thick
+stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round
+ancient Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the
+Altaic chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey,
+Crim Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare? One man, in one year, as I have
+understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses
+of indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe
+and war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare? Where are
+they?--Preserving their Game!"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX.
+
+Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these
+Writings of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for
+conclusion, that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society,
+properly so called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the
+gregarious feelings, and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold
+us from Dispersion, and universal national, civil, domestic and personal
+war! He says expressly: "For the last three centuries, above all for the
+last three quarters of a century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue
+(as we named it) of Religion, where lies the Life-essence of Society,
+has been smote at and perforated, needfully and needlessly; till now
+it is quite rent into shreds; and Society, long pining, diabetic,
+consumptive, can be regarded as defunct; for those spasmodic, galvanic
+sprawlings are not life; neither indeed will they endure, galvanize as
+you may, beyond two days."
+
+"Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only
+of a common over-crowded Lodging-house? Where each, isolated, regardless
+of his neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get,
+and cries 'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and
+cut-throat Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort,
+can be employed? Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible
+tradition; and your holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern
+Dinner, with Cook for Evangelist? Where your Priest has no tongue but
+for plate-licking: and your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but
+on all hands hear it passionately proclaimed: _Laissez faire_; Leave us
+alone of _your_ guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you
+your wages, and sleep!
+
+"Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere
+that saddest spectacle: The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly,
+of Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth. The Highest in rank, at length,
+without honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor,
+as from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill. Once-sacred
+Symbols fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the
+expense; a World becoming dismantled: in one word, the STATE fallen
+speechless, from obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a
+Police-Office, straitened to get its pay!"
+
+We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical
+men in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or
+is it only from the mystic elevation of a German _Wahngasse_ that
+such wonders are visible? Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a
+"deceased or expiring Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs
+may read. "What, for example," says he, "is the universally arrogated
+Virtue, almost the sole remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days?
+For some half-century, it has been the thing you name 'Independence.'
+Suspicion of 'Servility,' of reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech
+is anxious to disavow. Fools! Were your Superiors worthy to govern,
+and you worthy to obey, reverence for them were even your only possible
+freedom. Independence, in all kinds, is rebellion; if unjust rebellion,
+why parade it, and everywhere prescribe it?"
+
+But what then? Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+Nature? "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what
+can follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching
+with its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile,
+where, amid wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most,
+the venerable Corpse is to be burnt. Or, in plain words, that these men,
+Liberals, Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately
+carry their point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions
+of Society, seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+
+"Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament
+come to light even in insulated England? A living nucleus, that will
+attract and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious
+phasis; properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear
+of the others as to fancy itself the van. Our European Mechanizers are a
+sect of boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit: has
+not Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among
+ourselves, and in every European country, at some time or other, within
+the last fifty years? If now in all countries, except perhaps England,
+it has ceased to flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk
+to Journalists and the popular mass,--who sees not that, as hereby it no
+longer preaches, so the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is
+in full universal Action, the doctrine everywhere known, and
+enthusiastically laid to heart? The fit pabulum, in these times, for
+a certain rugged workshop intellect and heart, nowise without their
+corresponding workshop strength and ferocity, it requires but to be
+stated in such scenes to make proselytes enough.--Admirably calculated
+for destroying, only not for rebuilding! It spreads like a sort of
+Dog-madness; till the whole World-kennel will be rabid: then woe to
+the Huntsmen, with or without their whips! They should have given the
+quadrupeds water," adds he; "the water, namely, of Knowledge and of
+Life, while it was yet time."
+
+Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour
+in a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! "The World,"
+says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and
+waste, which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker
+combustion, as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the
+past Forms of Society; replace them with what it may. For the present,
+it is contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once
+_divested_, these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt;
+but the sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish
+watch-coat for the defence of the Body only!"--This, we think, is but
+Job's-news to the humane reader.
+
+"Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there
+that can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit
+of the Time: Turn back, I command thee?--Wiser were it that we yielded
+to the Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+
+Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded
+to this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat
+waiting the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference,
+if not even Placidity? Did we not hear him complain that the World was
+a "huge Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining
+down everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him? What with
+those "unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven _sic vos non vobis_
+pressure and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in
+existing things; what with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles
+and spiders, yet glaring out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a
+ghastly affectation of life,"--we feel entitled to conclude him even
+willing that much should be thrown to the Devil, so it were but done
+gently! Safe himself in that "Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would
+consent, with a tragic solemnity, that the monster UTILITARIA, held
+back, indeed, and moderated by nose-rings, halters, foot-shackles,
+and every conceivable modification of rope, should go forth to do her
+work;--to tread down old ruinous Palaces and Temples with her broad
+hoof, till the whole were trodden down, that new and better might be
+built! Remarkable in this point of view are the following sentences.
+
+"Society," says he, "is not dead: that Carcass, which you call dead
+Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume
+a nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer
+and fairer development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity.
+Wheresoever two or three Living Men are gathered together, there is
+Society; or there it will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous
+structures, overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to
+Heaven and downwards to Gehenna: for always, under one or the other
+figure, it has two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the
+Pulpit, namely, and the Gallows."
+
+Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+weaving for herself new Vestures;"--Teufelsdrockh himself being one
+of the loom-treadles? Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange
+aphorism of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be
+said: "_L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le
+passe, est devant nous_; The golden age, which a blind tradition has
+hitherto placed in the Past, is Before us."--But listen again:--
+
+"When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+flying! Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+consumed there. Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will
+get singed.
+
+"For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+completed, you need not ask. The law of Perseverance is among the
+deepest in man: by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his
+old house till it has actually fallen about his ears. Thus have I seen
+Solemnities linger as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to
+the extent of three hundred years and more after all life and sacredness
+had evaporated out of them. And then, finally, what time the
+Phoenix Death-Birth itself will require, depends on unseen
+contingencies.--Meanwhile, would Destiny offer Mankind, that after, say
+two centuries of convulsion and conflagration, more or less vivid, the
+fire-creation should be accomplished, and we to find ourselves again
+in a Living Society, and no longer fighting but working,--were it not
+perhaps prudent in Mankind to strike the bargain?"
+
+Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be
+deliberately burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the
+faith that she is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one
+will rise out of her ashes! We ourselves, restricted to the duty of
+Indicator, shall forbear commentary. Meanwhile, will not the judicious
+reader shake his head, and reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in
+anger, say or think: From a _Doctor utriusque Juris_, titular Professor
+in a University, and man to whom hitherto, for his services, Society,
+bad as she is, has given not only food and raiment (of a kind),
+but books, tobacco and gukguk, we expected more gratitude to his
+benefactress; and less of a blind trust in the future which resembles
+that rather of a philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast, than of a solid
+householder paying scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES.
+
+As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in
+practice probably the politest man extant: his whole heart and life are
+penetrated and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural
+Courtesy shines through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight,
+making a rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds;
+nay brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the
+crucible of an alchemist. Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he
+expresses himself on this head:--
+
+"Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich? In
+Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as
+it gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully
+insists on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth
+or birth: but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due
+from all men towards all men. Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his
+post, and worth anything when there, this, with so much else, would be
+reformed. Nay, each man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till
+at length a rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with,
+than a Peasant unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not
+that the clod he broke was created in Heaven.
+
+"For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE;
+is not this thy brother ALIVE? 'There is but one temple in the world,'
+says Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man. Nothing is holier
+than this high Form. Bending before men is a reverence done to this
+Revelation in the Flesh. We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a
+human Body.'
+
+"On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and
+whereas the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with
+a shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no
+hat whatever. Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+Impersonation of the Divinity? And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+serves not. For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity;
+and too often the bow is but pocketed by the _former_. It would go to
+the pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in
+these times); therefore must we withhold it.
+
+"The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells
+and outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer
+lodges, but only the pure emblem and effigies of Man: I mean, to Empty,
+or even to Cast Clothes. Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do
+reverence: to the fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling
+animal with bandy legs' which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of? Who
+ever saw any Lord my-lorded in tattered blanket fastened with wooden
+skewer? Nevertheless, I say, there is in such worship a shade
+of hypocrisy, a practical deception: for how often does the Body
+appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only! Whoso would avoid
+falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps see good
+to take a different course. That reverence which cannot act without
+obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have free
+course when they are empty. Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the Pagoda
+is not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow cloth
+Garment with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man: nay, with more,
+for I now fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+
+"Did not King _Toomtabard_, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign long
+over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the 'Toom
+Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining? What still dignity dwells in a suit
+of Cast Clothes! How meekly it bears its honors! No haughty looks,
+no scornful gesture: silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it. The Hat still carries
+the physiognomy of its Head: but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone. The Coat-arm is
+stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat
+hides no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells
+not in it. Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the
+carking cares and foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its
+Clothes-horse; as, on a Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified
+Apparition, visiting our low Earth.
+
+"Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized
+Life, the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny,
+under that ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan
+broth; and was one lone soul amid those grinding millions;--often have I
+turned into their Old-Clothes Market to worship. With awe-struck heart
+I walk through that Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a
+Sanhedrim of stainless Ghosts. Silent are they, but expressive in their
+silence: the past witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions,
+Virtues, Crimes, and all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the
+Prison men call Life.' Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom
+Old Clothes are not venerable. Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded
+Jewish High-priest, who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom,
+summons them from the four winds! On his head, like the Pope, he has
+three Hats,--a real triple tiara; on either hand are the similitude of
+wings, whereon the summoned Garments come to alight; and ever, as
+he slowly cleaves the air, sounds forth his deep fateful note, as
+if through a trumpet he were proclaiming: 'Ghosts of Life, come to
+Judgment!' Reck not, ye fluttering Ghosts: he will purify you in his
+Purgatory, with fire and with water; and, one day, new-created ye shall
+reappear. Oh, let him in whom the flame of Devotion is ready to go
+out, who has never worshipped, and knows not what to worship, pace and
+repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of Monmouth Street, and say
+whether his heart and his eyes still continue dry. If Field Lane, with
+its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs, be a Dionysius' Ear,
+where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the Indictment which Poverty
+and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has left them there cast
+out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the Devil,--then is
+Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley vision, the whole
+Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its wail and
+jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and gallows-ropes,
+farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,--the Bedlam of Creation!"
+
+
+To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged.
+We too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+"Devotion:" probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in
+that Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves
+to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be
+allowed to linger there without molestation.--Something we would have
+given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and
+loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in
+austerest thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic
+avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life"
+rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh,
+that listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum
+hearest the grass grow!
+
+At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents
+destined for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic
+diary of this his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among
+the Clothes-shops only the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in
+conversation (for, indeed, he was not a man to pester you with his
+Travels), have we heard him more than allude to the subject.
+
+For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+Clothes-Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his
+soul,--as in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a
+Universe!
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+
+For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself,
+and burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a
+handsome bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries,"
+there seems to lie but an ashy prospect. Not altogether so, however,
+does the Professor figure it. "In the living subject," says he, "change
+is wont to be gradual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the
+new is already formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning of a
+World-Phoenix, who fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a
+dead cinereous heap; and therefrom the young one start up by miracle,
+and fly heavenward. Far otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and
+Destruction proceed together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown
+about, do organic filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves: and
+amid the rushing and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of
+a melodious Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious
+Birth-song. Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and
+thou wilt see." Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who
+cannot expect to live two centuries, those same organic filaments,
+mysteriously spinning themselves, will be the best part of the
+spectacle. First, therefore, this of Mankind in general:--
+
+"In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother. Thy
+very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in
+thy splenetic humor: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I
+a Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not
+thou! I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+
+"Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like
+to choose it. More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts:
+'Wert thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+imaginable Glass bell,--what a thing it were, not for thyself only, but
+for the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds,
+impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread: neither from
+within comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts
+fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing
+hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that,
+taking and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there
+has a Hole fallen out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which
+must be darned up again!'
+
+"Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages,
+paper and other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are
+a blood-circulation, visible to the eye: but the finer nervous
+circulation, by which all things, the minutest that he does, minutely
+influence all men, and the very look of his face blesses or curses
+whomso it lights on, and so generates ever new blessing or new cursing:
+all this you cannot see, but only imagine. I say, there is not a red
+Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg, can quarrel with his squaw, but the
+whole world must smart for it: will not the price of beaver rise? It is
+a mathematical fact that the casting of this pebble from my hand alters
+the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+
+"If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+indissolubly does generation with generation. Hast thou ever meditated
+on that word, Tradition: how we inherit not Life only, but all the
+garniture and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and
+feel, as our Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning,
+have given it us?--Who printed thee, for example, this unpretending
+Volume on the Philosophy of Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and
+Company; but Cadmus of Thebes, Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others
+whom thou knowest not. Had there been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there
+had been no English Shakspeare, or a different one. Simpleton! It was
+Tubal-cain that made thy very Tailor's needle, and sewed that court-suit
+of thine.
+
+"Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more
+is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which
+Nature were not. As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual
+Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those
+main currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions,
+Polities, Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand
+and know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator
+thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou
+wilt transmit it to the whole Future. It is thus that the heroic heart,
+the seeing eye of the first times, still feels and sees in us of the
+latest; that the Wise Man stands ever encompassed, and spiritually
+embraced, by a cloud of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living,
+literal _Communion of Saints_, wide as the World itself, and as the
+History of the World.
+
+"Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same
+Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations. Generations
+are as the Days of toilsome Mankind: Death and Birth are the vesper and
+the matin bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for
+new advancement. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy;
+but has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and
+roll onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but
+ever completing. Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there
+is also a fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still
+higher points of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time,
+followed by an Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction,
+as this also is from time to time a necessary work, thou findest a like
+sequence and perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand
+by that burning of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at
+the glimmering ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I
+note, the English Whig has, in the second generation, become an English
+Radical; who, in the third again, it is to be hoped, will become an
+English Rebuilder. Find Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in
+living movement, in progress faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft,
+hovers with outstretched wings, filling Earth with her music; or, as
+now, she sinks, and with spheral swan-song immolates herself in flame,
+that she may soar the higher and sing the clearer."
+
+Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this
+to heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin
+another passage, concerning Titles:--
+
+"Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles
+of Honor come hitherto from Fighting. Your _Herzog_ (Duke, _Dux_) is
+Leader of Armies; your Earl (_Jarl_) is Strong Man; your Marshal cavalry
+Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having from of
+old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more indubitable,
+may it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will cease to be
+palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?
+
+"The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of
+King. _Konig_ (King), anciently _Konning_, means Ken-ning (Cunning), or
+which is the same thing, Can-ning. Ever must the Sovereign of Mankind be
+fitly entitled King."
+
+"Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians: a King
+rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+will never give it him. Can I choose my own King? I can choose my own
+King Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he who
+is to be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen
+for me in Heaven. Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen
+is Freedom so much as conceivable."
+
+
+The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with
+our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict
+of Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle
+for the Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable
+Constitution kept warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves
+in this spectral Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the
+Unborn, where the Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film
+dividing the Past and the Future? In those dim long-drawn expanses, all
+is so immeasurable; much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and
+straggling light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with
+such an indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the
+inevitably coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant
+by centuries or only by days), does he sit;--and live, you would say,
+rather in any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to
+announce, or repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep,
+silent, slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with
+shuddering admiration.
+
+Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: "Satisfy yourselves,"
+he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing
+or will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and
+so vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically
+hatched and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or
+at worst, in some other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or
+Steam-mechanism. It were a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of
+manufacture witnessed hitherto." Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the
+British constitution, even slightly?--He says, under another figure:
+"But after all, were the problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To
+rebuild your old House from the top downwards (since you must live in
+it the while), what better, what other, than the Representative Machine
+will serve your turn? Meanwhile, however, mock me not with the name
+of Free, 'when you have but knit up my chains into ornamental
+festoons.'"--Or what will any member of the Peace Society make of such
+an assertion as this: "The lower people everywhere desire War. Not so
+unwisely; there is then a demand for lower people--to be shot!"
+
+Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths
+of speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions. Here, looking
+round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+touching "Hero-worship," be of the number? It seems of a cheerful
+character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how
+little, may lie under it. Our readers shall look with their own eyes:--
+
+"True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+obey. True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less
+bear rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of
+nothing, the equal of nothing. Nevertheless, believe not that man has
+lost his faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone
+dead. Painful for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has
+become inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he
+feel safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel
+himself exalted.
+
+"Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this: that
+man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen
+into perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+
+"Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey. Before no faintest
+revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all,
+when the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man. Thus is there
+a true religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all
+ages, even in ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox
+_Hero-worship_. In which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed,
+and will forever exist, universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern
+the corner-stone of living rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest
+time may stand secure."
+
+Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+Teufelsdrockh, is looking at? He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+and Voltaire? How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a
+smile from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair
+beneath his feet! All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though
+their Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+
+"But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what
+will be done in the green? If, in the most parched season of Man's
+History, in the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was
+at best but a scientific _Hortus Siccus_, bedizened with some Italian
+Gumflowers, such virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for
+when Life again waves leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall
+have nothing apelike, but be wholly human? Know that there is in man a
+quite indestructible Reverence for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even
+plausibly counterfeits such holding. Show the dullest clodpoll, show
+the haughtiest featherhead, that a soul higher than himself is actually
+here; were his knees stiffened into brass, he must down and worship."
+
+Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:--
+
+"There is no Church, sayest thou? The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+This is even what I dispute: but in any case, hast thou not still
+Preaching enough? A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village;
+and builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper. Therefrom he preaches
+what most momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost
+not thou listen, and believe? Look well, thou seest everywhere a
+new Clergy of the Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost
+bare-backed, fashion itself into shape, and teach and preach, zealously
+enough, for copper alms and the love of God. These break in pieces
+the ancient idols; and, though themselves too often reprobate, as
+idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out the sites of new Churches,
+where the true God-ordained, that are to follow, may find audience, and
+minister. Said I not, Before the old skin was shed, the new had formed
+itself beneath it?"
+
+Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+ravelled sleeve:--
+
+"But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor. "Fool! I tell
+thee, there is. Hast thou well considered all that lies in this
+immeasurable froth-ocean we name LITERATURE? Fragments of a genuine
+Church-_Homiletic_ lie scattered there, which Time will assort: nay
+fractions even of a _Liturgy_ could I point out. And knowest thou no
+Prophet, even in the vesture, environment, and dialect of this age? None
+to whom the Godlike had revealed itself, through all meanest and highest
+forms of the Common; and by him been again prophetically revealed: in
+whose inspired melody, even in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days,
+Man's Life again begins, were it but afar off, to be divine? Knowest
+thou none such? I know him, and name him--Goethe.
+
+"But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people
+perish? Be of comfort! Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith. Spake we
+not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and
+brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic Sufferings
+rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all
+times, as a sacred _Miserere_; their heroic Actions also, as a boundless
+everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no Symbol
+of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is not
+Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a perpetual
+Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old, hear the
+Morning Stars sing together."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+
+It is in his stupendous Section, headed _Natural Supernaturalism_, that
+the Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as
+we have witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof. Phantasms
+enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of
+Imperial Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not: yet still did he
+courageously pierce through. Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round
+him, perplexing and bewildering: but with these also he now resolutely
+grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder. In a word, he has
+looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly
+hulls and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision,
+the interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+
+Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains
+to Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us
+safe into the promised land, where _Palingenesia_, in all senses, may be
+considered as beginning. "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with
+better right than Diogenes the First once did. This stupendous Section
+we, after long painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible;
+but, on the contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating.
+Let the reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect
+is in him, do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment,
+shall study to do ours:--
+
+"Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly
+begins the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine. Meanwhile,
+the question of questions were: What specially is a Miracle? To that
+Dutch King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried
+with him an air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a
+miracle. To my Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific,
+do not I work a miracle, and magical '_Open sesame_!_'_ every time I
+please to pay twopence, and open for him an impassable _Schlagbaum_, or
+shut Turnpike?
+
+"'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?'
+ask several. Whom I answer by this new question: What are the Laws of
+Nature? To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation
+of these Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first
+penetrated into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been,
+brought to bear on us with its Material Force.
+
+"Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment: On what ground
+shall one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore
+he can teach Religion? To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such
+declaration were inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the
+First Century, was full of meaning.
+
+"'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries
+an illuminated class: 'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move
+by unalterable rules?' Probable enough, good friends: nay I, too, must
+believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that
+Nature, that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be
+prevented from calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable
+rules. And now of you, too, I make the old inquiry: What those same
+unalterable rules, forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may
+possibly be?
+
+"They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+records of Man's Experience?--Was Man with his Experience present at the
+Creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any deepest scientific
+individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and
+gauged everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that
+they read His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say,
+This stands marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise!
+These scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are;
+have seen some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is
+infinite, without bottom as without shore.
+
+"Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in
+a course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+succeeded in detecting,--is to me as precious as to another. But is this
+what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the World;'
+this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen
+thousand Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons,
+and inert Balls, had been--looked at, nick-named, and marked in the
+Zodiacal Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their
+How, their Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+
+"System of Nature! To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+remains of quite _infinite_ depth, of quite infinite expansion; and
+all Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+measured square-miles. The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us: but who knows what
+deeper courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes)
+our little Epicycle revolves on? To the Minnow every cranny and pebble,
+and quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become
+familiar: but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic
+Currents, the Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all
+which the condition of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time
+to time (unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed? Such a
+minnow is Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable
+All; his Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of
+Providence through AEons of AEons.
+
+"We speak of the Volume of Nature: and truly a Volume it is,--whose
+Author and Writer is God. To read it! Dost thou, does man, so much as
+well know the Alphabet thereof? With its Words, Sentences, and grand
+descriptive Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar
+Systems, and Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee. It is a Volume
+written in celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which
+even Prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.
+As for your Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely;
+and, from amid the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic
+writing, pick out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar
+Character, and therefrom put together this and the other economic
+Recipe, of high avail in Practice. That Nature is more than some
+boundless Volume of such Recipes, or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible
+Domestic-Cookery Book, of which the whole secret will in this manner one
+day evolve itself, the fewest dream.
+
+"Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all.
+Consider well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers;
+and weaves air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby
+indeed these dwell with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our
+houses and workshops; but their spiritual nature becomes, to the most,
+forever hidden. Philosophy complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from
+the first; that we do everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that
+our very Axioms, let us boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest
+simply such Beliefs as we have never heard questioned. Nay, what
+is Philosophy throughout but a continual battle against Custom; an
+ever-renewed effort to _transcend_ the sphere of blind Custom, and so
+become Transcendental?
+
+"Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom: but of
+all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous. True, it is
+by this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder: and herein
+is Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit. But she
+is a fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when,
+in our resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception. Am I
+to view the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen
+it twice, or two hundred, or two million times? There is no reason in
+Nature or in Art why I should: unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine,
+for whom the divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial
+gift of Steam is to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be
+spun, and money and money's worth realized.
+
+"Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+Garments. Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology,
+we have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves. Seldom reflecting
+that still the new question comes upon us: What is Madness, what are
+Nerves? Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific,
+altogether _infernal_ boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through
+this fair-painted Vision of Creation, which swims thereon, which we name
+the Real. Was Luther's Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it
+were formed within the bodily eye, or without it? In every the wisest
+Soul lies a whole world of internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire;
+out of which, indeed, his world of Wisdom has been creatively built
+together, and now rests there, as on its dark foundations does a
+habitable flowery Earth rind.
+
+"But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+SPACE and TIME. These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth
+itself, to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind
+it,--lie all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof,
+whereby all minor Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint
+themselves. In vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip
+them off; you can, at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look
+through.
+
+"Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+Anywhere, behold he was There. By this means had Fortunatus triumphed
+over Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but
+all was Here. Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world
+we should have of it! Still stranger, should, on the opposite side
+of the street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his
+fellow-craftsman made Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating!
+Of both would I purchase, were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of
+this latter. To clap on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were
+Anywhere, straightway to be _There_! Next to clap on your other felt,
+and, simply by wishing that you were _Anywhen_, straightway to be
+_Then_! This were indeed the grander: shooting at will from the
+Fire-Creation of the World to its Fire-Consummation; here historically
+present in the First Century, conversing face to face with Paul and
+Seneca; there prophetically in the Thirty-first, conversing also face to
+face with other Pauls and Senecas, who as yet stand hidden in the depth
+of that late Time!
+
+"Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable? Is the Past
+annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only
+future? Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already
+answer: already through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded
+summonest both Past and Future, and communest with them, though as yet
+darkly, and with mute beckonings. The curtains of Yesterday drop down,
+the curtains of To-morrow roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both
+_are_. Pierce through the Time-element, glance into the Eternal. Believe
+what thou findest written in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all
+Thinkers, in all ages, have devoutly read it there: that Time and Space
+are not God, but creations of God; that with God as it is a universal
+HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+
+"And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?--O Heaven! Is the
+white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+journeyed on alone,--but a pale spectral Illusion! Is the lost Friend
+still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with
+God!--know of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are
+perishable; that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and
+whatever will be, is even now and forever. This, should it unhappily
+seem new, thou mayest ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years,
+or the next twenty centuries: believe it thou must; understand it thou
+canst not.
+
+"That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are
+sent into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole
+Practical reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings,
+seems altogether fit, just, and unavoidable. But that they should,
+furthermore, usurp such sway over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind
+us to the wonder everywhere lying close on us, seems nowise so. Admit
+Space and Time to their due rank as Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou
+wilt, to their quite undue rank of Realities: and consider, then,
+with thyself how their thin disguises hide from us the brightest
+God-effulgences! Thus, were it not miraculous, could I stretch forth my
+hand and clutch the Sun? Yet thou seest me daily stretch forth my hand
+and therewith clutch many a thing, and swing it hither and thither.
+Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy that the Miracle lies in miles of
+distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of weight; and not to see that the
+true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle lies in this, that I can stretch
+forth my hand at all; that I have free Force to clutch aught therewith?
+Innumerable other of this sort are the deceptions, and wonder-hiding
+stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+
+"Still worse is it with regard to Time. Your grand anti-magician,
+and universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time. Had we but the
+Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves
+in a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and
+feats of Magic, were outdone. But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and
+man, poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without
+one.
+
+"Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre? Yet tell me, Who built
+these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+dance along from the _Steinbruch_ (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and
+Ionic pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets? Was it not
+the still higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the
+divine Music of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man? Our highest Orpheus
+walked in Judea, eighteen hundred years ago: his sphere-melody, flowing
+in wild native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and,
+being of a truth sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now
+with thousand-fold accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our
+hearts; and modulates, and divinely leads them. Is that a wonder, which
+happens in two hours; and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in
+two million? Not only was Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but
+without the music of some inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no
+work that man glories in ever done.
+
+"Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from
+the near moving-cause to its far distant Mover: The stroke that came
+transmitted through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a
+stroke than if the last ball only had been struck, and sent flying? Oh,
+could I (with the Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from
+the Beginnings, to the Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy
+heart set flaming in the Light-sea of celestial wonder! Then sawest thou
+that this fair Universe, were it in the meanest province thereof, is in
+very deed the star-domed City of God; that through every star, through
+every grass-blade, and most through every Living Soul, the glory of a
+present God still beams. But Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God,
+and reveals Him to the wise, hides Him from the foolish.
+
+"Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic
+Ghost? The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could
+not, though he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and
+tapped on coffins. Foolish Doctor! Did he never, with the mind's eye
+as well as with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human
+Life he so loved; did he never so much as look into Himself? The
+good Doctor was a Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish;
+well-nigh a million of Ghosts were travelling the streets by his
+side. Once more I say, sweep away the illusion of Time; compress the
+threescore years into three minutes: what else was he, what else are we?
+Are we not Spirits, that are shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and
+that fade away again into air and Invisibility? This is no metaphor, it
+is a simple scientific _fact_: we start out of Nothingness, take
+figure, and are Apparitions; round us, as round the veriest spectre, is
+Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as years and aeons. Come there not
+tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial harp-strings, like the Song
+of beatified Souls? And again, do not we squeak and gibber (in our
+discordant, screech-owlish debatings and recriminatings); and glide
+bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar (_poltern_), and revel in
+our mad Dance of the Dead,--till the scent of the morning air summons us
+to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake and Day? Where now
+is Alexander of Macedon: does the steel Host, that yelled in fierce
+battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or have they all
+vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must? Napoleon too, and
+his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns! Was it all other than the
+veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that made
+Night hideous, flitted away?--Ghosts! There are nigh a thousand million
+walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have vanished
+from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks once.
+
+"O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only
+carry each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts!
+These Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with
+its burning Passion? They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered
+round our ME: wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence
+is to be revealed in the Flesh. That warrior on his strong war-horse,
+fire flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart: but
+warrior and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more.
+Stately they tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance: fool! the
+Earth is but a film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink
+beyond plummet's sounding. Plummet's? Fantasy herself will not follow
+them. A little while ago, they were not; a little while, and they are
+not, their very ashes are not.
+
+"So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end. Generation
+after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing
+from Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS. What Force and
+Fire is in each he expends: one grinding in the mill of Industry; one
+hunter-like climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly
+dashed in pieces on the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:--and
+then the Heaven-sent is recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away,
+and soon even to Sense becomes a vanished Shadow. Thus, like some
+wild-flaming, wild-thundering train of Heaven's Artillery, does this
+mysterious MANKIND thunder and flame, in long-drawn, quick-succeeding
+grandeur, through the unknown Deep. Thus, like a God-created,
+fire-breathing Spirit-host, we emerge from the Inane; haste stormfully
+across the astonished Earth; then plunge again into the Inane. Earth's
+mountains are levelled, and her seas filled up, in our passage: can the
+Earth, which is but dead and a vision, resist Spirits which have reality
+and are alive? On the hardest adamant some footprint of us is stamped
+in; the last Rear of the host will read traces of the earliest Van. But
+whence?--O Heaven whither? Sense knows not; Faith knows not; only that
+it is through Mystery to Mystery, from God and to God.
+
+                        'We _are such stuff_
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+
+Here, then, arises the so momentous question: Have many British Readers
+actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy
+of Clothes now at last opening around them? Long and adventurous has the
+journey been: from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+themselves! And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+divided from what is unchangeable? Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in
+_Faust_,--
+
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+
+or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician,
+Shakespeare,--
+
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+
+begin to have some meaning for us? In a word, do we at length stand
+safe in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that
+Phoenix Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears
+possible, is seen to be inevitable?
+
+Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor,
+by Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope,
+that many have travelled without accident. No firm arch, overspanning
+the Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only,
+as was said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon.
+Alas, and the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck
+character; the darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+
+Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage,
+in spite of all? Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+courage. By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout;
+the hand can stretch itself forth to work there: it is in this grand and
+indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according
+to ability. New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built;
+nay, may not our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and
+repassings, be mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable
+even for the halt?
+
+Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous
+and full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no
+longer by our side? The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar
+off, in unsympathetic astonishment, at our career: not a few, pressing
+forward with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now
+swim weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards
+that. To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some
+word of encouragement be said.
+
+Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance
+Teufelsdrockh unhappily has somewhat infected us,--can it be hidden from
+the Editor that many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in
+head, and afflicted rather than instructed by the present Work?
+Yes, long ago has many a British Reader been, as now, demanding with
+something like a snarl: Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in
+it?
+
+In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in
+it; but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat. Nevertheless,
+if through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means
+of him, have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the
+Clothes-Screen, as through a magical _Pierre-Pertuis_, thou lookest,
+even for moments, into the region of the Wonderful, and seest and
+feelest that thy daily life is girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder,
+and thy very blankets and breeches are Miracles,--then art thou profited
+beyond money's worth; and hast a thankfulness towards our Professor;
+nay, perhaps in many a literary Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and
+audibly express that same.
+
+Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes;
+and thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh
+cutting into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness
+of Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly
+a Vesture and Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are
+articles of wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)? In which case,
+must it not also be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one,
+and may with infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit:
+that it takes scientific rank beside Codification, and Political
+Economy, and the Theory of the British Constitution; nay rather,
+from its prophetic height looks down on all these, as on so many
+weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where the Vestures which _it_ has
+to fashion, and consecrate, and distribute, are, too often by haggard
+hungry operatives who see no farther than their nose, mechanically woven
+and spun?
+
+But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural
+Supernaturalism, and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or
+Transcendental portion of the Science, or bears never so remotely on
+that promised Volume of the _Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft_
+(Newbirth of Society),--we humbly suggest that no province of
+Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is without its direct value,
+but that innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn
+therefrom. To say nothing of those pregnant considerations, ethical,
+political, symbolical, which crowd on the Clothes-Philosopher from the
+very threshold of his Science; nothing even of those "architectural
+ideas," which, as we have seen, lurk at the bottom of all Modes,
+and will one day, better unfolding themselves, lead to important
+revolutions,--let us glance for a moment, and with the faintest light
+of Clothes-Philosophy, on what may be called the Habilatory Class of our
+fellow-men. Here too overlooking, where so much were to be looked on,
+the million spinners, weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers,
+that puddle and muddle in their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and
+die that we may live,--let us but turn the reader's attention upon
+two small divisions of mankind, who, like moths, may be regarded as
+Cloth-animals, creatures that live, move and have their being in Cloth:
+we mean, Dandies and Tailors.
+
+In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without
+scruple, that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at
+fault; and even that the dictates of humanity are violated. As will
+perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+
+First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific
+strictness, what a Dandy specially is. A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing
+Man, a Man whose trade, office and existence consists in the wearing
+of Clothes. Every faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is
+heroically consecrated to this one object, the wearing of Clothes
+wisely and well: so that as others dress to live, he lives to dress.
+The all-importance of Clothes, which a German Professor, of unequalled
+learning and acumen, writes his enormous Volume to demonstrate, has
+sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without effort, like an
+instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of Cloth. What
+Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with him; and
+this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or wring his
+heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+
+But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea
+an Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a
+witness and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes. We called him
+a Poet: is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes,
+with cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow? Say,
+rather, an Epos, and _Clotha Virumque cano_, to the whole world, in
+Macaronic verses, which he that runs may read. Nay, if you grant, what
+seems to be admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in
+him, and some notions of Time and Space, is there not in this
+life-devotedness to Cloth, in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal
+to the Perishable, something (though in reverse order) of that blending
+and identification of Eternity with Time, which, as we have seen,
+constitutes the Prophetic character?
+
+And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+what is it that the Dandy asks in return? Solely, we may say, that you
+would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays
+of light. Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has
+already secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes.
+Understand his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret
+it; do but look at him, and he is contented. May we not well cry shame
+on an ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will
+waste its optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and
+over the domestic wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with
+hasty indifference, and a scarcely concealed contempt! Him no Zoologist
+classes among the Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care: when did we
+see any injected Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen
+of him preserved in spirits! Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a
+snuff-brown suit, with snuff-brown shirt and shoes: it skills not; the
+undiscerning public, occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless
+on the other side.
+
+The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly
+speaking, gone. Yet perhaps only gone to sleep: for here arises the
+Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and
+the other! Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the
+essential nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that
+lies in him, cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable
+hallucination. The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh
+may set the matter, if not in its true light, yet in the way towards
+such. It is to be regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere,
+the Professor's keen philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a
+certain mixture of almost owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse,
+ineffectual, ironic tendency; our readers shall judge which:--
+
+
+"In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good
+men, looking and longing and silently working there towards some new
+Revelation; or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied
+soul seeking its terrestrial organization,--into how many strange
+shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and
+errantly cast itself! The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the
+while without Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly
+active, and work blindly in the great chaotic deep: thus Sect after
+Sect, and Church after Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into
+new metamorphosis.
+
+"Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements
+(of Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and
+monstrosities are best generated. Among the newer Sects of that country,
+one of the most notable, and closely connected with our present subject,
+is that of the _Dandies_; concerning which, what little information I
+have been able to procure may fitly stand here.
+
+"It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps
+rather a Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the
+psychologic eye its devotional and even sacrificial character
+plainly enough reveals itself. Whether it belongs to the class of
+Fetish-worships, or of Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other
+class, may in the present state of our intelligence remain undecided
+(_schweben_). A certain touch of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic
+shape, is discernible enough; also (for human Error walks in a cycle,
+and reappears at intervals) a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that
+Superstition of the Athos Monks, who by fasting from all nourishment,
+and looking intensely for a length of time into their own navels, came
+to discern therein the true Apocalypse of Nature, and Heaven Unveiled.
+To my own surmise, it appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new
+modification, adapted to the new time, of that primeval Superstition,
+_Self-worship_; which Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee, Mahomet, and others,
+strove rather to subordinate and restrain than to eradicate; and which
+only in the purer forms of Religion has been altogether rejected.
+Wherefore, if any one chooses to name it revived Ahrimanism, or a new
+figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so far as is yet visible, no objection.
+
+"For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect,
+display courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's
+nature, though never so enslaved. They affect great purity and
+separatism; distinguish themselves by a particular costume (whereof some
+notices were given in the earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so
+far as possible, by a particular speech (apparently some broken
+_Lingua-franca_, or English-French); and, on the whole, strive to
+maintain a true Nazarene deportment, and keep themselves unspotted from
+the world.
+
+"They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+stands in their metropolis; and is named _Almack's_, a word of
+uncertain etymology. They worship principally by night; and have their
+High-priests and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for
+life. The rites, by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps
+with an Eleusinian or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret.
+Nor are Sacred Books wanting to the Sect; these they call _Fashionable
+Novels_: however, the Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and
+others not.
+
+"Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some
+samples; and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an
+Inquirer into Clothes, set to interpret and study them. But wholly to
+no purpose: that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not
+refuse me credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught.
+In vain that I summoned my whole energies (_mich weidlich anstrengte_),
+and did my very utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly
+seized with not so much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind
+of infinite, unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to
+which the frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened. And
+if I strove to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there
+came a hitherto unfelt sensation, as of _Delirium Tremens_, and a
+melting into total deliquium: till at last, by order of the Doctor,
+dreading ruin to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties, and a
+general breaking up of the constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly
+forbore. Was there some miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls,
+and supernal and infernal prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish
+Mysteries, have also more than once scared back the Alien? Be this as
+it may, such failure on my part, after best efforts, must excuse the
+imperfection of this sketch; altogether incomplete, yet the completest I
+could give of a Sect too singular to be omitted.
+
+"Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+private individual, to open another _Fashionable Novel_. But luckily,
+in this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+deliverance is held out to me. Round one of those Book-packages, which
+the _Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung_ is in the habit of importing
+from England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets
+(_Maculatur-blatter_), by way of interior wrappage: into these the
+Clothes-Philosopher, with a certain Mahometan reverence even for
+waste-paper, where curious knowledge will sometimes hover, disdains not
+to cast his eye. Readers may judge of his astonishment when on such
+a defaced stray-sheet, probably the outcast fraction of some English
+Periodical, such as they name _Magazine_, appears something like a
+Dissertation on this very subject of _Fashionable Novels_! It sets out,
+indeed, chiefly from a Secular point of view; directing itself, not
+without asperity, against some to me unknown individual named _Pelham_,
+who seems to be a Mystagogue, and leading Teacher and Preacher of the
+Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise was not to be expected in such a
+fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true secret, the Religious physiognomy
+and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is nowise laid fully open there.
+Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time to time sparkle out, whereby
+I have endeavored to profit. Nay, in one passage selected from the
+Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever they are (for the style
+seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what appears to be a
+Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the tenets of
+that Sect. Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as proceeding
+from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven distinct
+Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+therewith taking leave of this matter. Observe also, that to avoid
+possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+Original:--
+
+ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+
+'1. Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+
+'2. The collar is a very important point: it should be low behind, and
+slightly rolled.
+
+'3. No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+
+'4. There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+
+'5. The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than
+in his rings.
+
+'6. It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear
+white waistcoats.
+
+'7. The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+
+"All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+
+"In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British
+Sect, originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat
+still is; but known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere
+rapidly spreading. As this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books,
+it remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which
+has published Books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate
+to read. The members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity
+of names, according to their various places of establishment: in England
+they are generally called the _Drudge_ Sect; also, unphilosophically
+enough, the _White Negroes_; and, chiefly in scorn by those of other
+communions, the _Ragged-Beggar_ Sect. In Scotland, again, I find them
+entitled _Hallanshakers_, or the _Stook of Duds_ Sect; any individual
+communicant is named _Stook of Duds_ (that is, Shock of Rags), in
+allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in Ireland,
+which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go by a perplexing
+multiplicity of designations, such as _Bogtrotters, Redshanks,
+Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood, Rockites,
+Poor-Slaves_: which last, however, seems to be the primary and generic
+name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary species,
+or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the parent
+stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+here loss of time to dwell on. Enough for us to understand, what seems
+indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the _Poor-Slaves_;
+whose doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and
+animate the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+
+"The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood: how the Universe,
+and Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish
+Poor-Slave; with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the
+Future, round on the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely
+difficult to specify. Something Monastic there appears to be in their
+Constitution: we find them bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty
+and Obedience; which vows, especially the former, it is said, they
+observe with great strictness; nay, as I have understood it, they are
+pledged, and be it by any solemn Nazarene ordination or not, irrevocably
+consecrated thereto, even _before_ birth. That the third Monastic
+Vow, of Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I find no ground to
+conjecture.
+
+"Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+principle of wearing a peculiar Costume. Of which Irish Poor-Slave
+Costume no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for
+this reason, that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem
+describable. Their raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets
+and irregular wings, of all cloths and of all colors; through the
+labyrinthic intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some
+unknown process. It is fastened together by a multiplex combination of
+buttons, thrums and skewers; to which frequently is added a girdle of
+leather, of hempen or even of straw rope, round the loins. To straw
+rope, indeed, they seem partial, and often wear it by way of sandals.
+In head-dress they affect a certain freedom: hats with partial brim,
+without crown, or with only a loose, hinged, or valve crown; in the
+former case, they sometimes invert the hat, and wear it brim uppermost,
+like a university-cap, with what view is unknown.
+
+"The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+origin: not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character.
+One might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth: for they dig
+and affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in
+private Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from
+her; seldom looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with
+comparative indifference. Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live
+in dark dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they
+find such, and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other
+opaque substances, till the fit obscurity is restored. Again, like all
+followers of Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an
+enthusiasm rising to ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet
+in sod cottages.
+
+"In respect of diet, they have also their observances. All Poor-Slaves
+are Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use
+Salted Herrings: other animal food they abstain from; except indeed,
+with perhaps some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling,
+such animals as die a natural death. Their universal sustenance is the
+root named Potato, cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment
+or relish of any kind, save an unknown condiment named _Point_, into
+the meaning of which I have vainly inquired; the victual
+_Potatoes-and-Point_ not appearing, at least not with specific accuracy
+of description, in any European Cookery-Book whatever. For drink, they
+use, with an almost epigrammatic counterpoise of taste, Milk, which
+is the mildest of liquors, and _Potheen_, which is the fiercest. This
+latter I have tasted, as well as the English _Blue-Ruin_, and the Scotch
+_Whiskey_, analogous fluids used by the Sect in those countries:
+it evidently contains some form of alcohol, in the highest state of
+concentration, though disguised with acrid oils; and is, on the whole,
+the most pungent substance known to me,--indeed, a perfect liquid
+fire. In all their Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said to be an
+indispensable requisite, and largely consumed.
+
+"An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself
+under the to me unmeaning title of _The late John Bernard_, offers
+the following sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof,
+though such is not stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.
+Thereby shall my German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it
+were with their own eyes; and even see him at meat. Moreover, in the
+so precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned, I have found some
+corresponding picture of a Dandiacal Household, painted by that same
+Dandiacal Mystagogue, or Theogonist: this also, by way of counterpart
+and contrast, the world shall look into.
+
+"First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been
+a species of Innkeeper. I quote from the original:
+
+
+POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin. There was
+a Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and
+the space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for
+their cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests. On entering the
+house we discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner: the father
+sitting at the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side,
+of a large oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a
+trough, to receive the contents of their Pot of Potatoes. Little holes
+were cut at equal distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on
+the table: all the luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes
+were dispensed with.' The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he
+says, broad-backed, black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth
+from ear to ear. His Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and
+his young ones, bare and chubby, had the appetite of ravens. Of their
+Philosophical or Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+
+"But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:--
+
+
+DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs
+and ottomans of the same hue. Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on
+each side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet. Several
+Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a
+smaller table of mother-of-pearl: opposite to these are placed the
+appurtenances of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver. A Wardrobe
+of Buhl is on the left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover
+a profusion of Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize
+the lower shelves. Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight
+glimpse of a Bath-room. Folding-doors in the background.--Enter the
+Author,' our Theogonist in person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French
+Valet, in white silk Jacket and cambric Apron.'
+
+"Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country. To
+the eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with
+the elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling. These two
+principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish
+or Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do
+as yet indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable
+shapes: nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications,
+they extend through the entire structure of Society, and work
+unweariedly in the secret depths of English national Existence; striving
+to separate and isolate it into two contradictory, uncommunicating
+masses.
+
+"In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges,
+it would seem, are hourly increasing. The Dandiacal, again, is by nature
+no proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and
+is strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet
+no rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+affiliations. If, indeed, there were to arise a _Communion of Drudges_,
+as there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would
+follow therefrom! Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism: but
+perhaps the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought
+to look down, and which up, is not so distant.
+
+"To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+there be none left to enlist on either side. Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body: the Drudges,
+gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will
+form another. I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless
+boiling Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm
+land: as yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells,
+which man's art might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily
+widening: they are hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep,
+over which your firm land is but a thin crust or rind! Thus daily is
+the intermediate land crumbling in, daily the empire of the two
+Buchan-Bullers extending; till now there is but a foot-plank, a mere
+film of Land between them; this too is washed away: and then--we have
+the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's Deluge is out-deluged!
+
+"Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled
+Electric Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries
+of opposite quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one
+attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity
+of the nation (namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy
+with the Negative (that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.
+Hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters: but wait
+a little, till the entire nation is in an electric state: till your
+whole vital Electricity, no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two
+isolated portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger);
+and stands there bottled up in two World-Batteries! The stirring of a
+child's finger brings the two together; and then--What then? The Earth
+is but shivered into impalpable smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the
+Sun misses one of his Planets in Space, and thenceforth there are no
+eclipses of the Moon.--Or better still, I might liken"--
+
+Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which,
+truly, it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the
+more.
+
+We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion:
+but never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort
+his otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the _Dandiacal Body_!
+Or was there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer
+not quite the blinkard he affects to be? Of an ordinary mortal we should
+have decisively answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh
+there ever hovers some shade of doubt. In the mean while, if satire were
+actually intended, the case is little better. There are not wanting men
+who will answer: Does your Professor take us for simpletons? His irony
+has overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI. TAILORS.
+
+Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently
+drawn; and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors. On this latter
+our opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself,
+as expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore,
+we willingly give place. Let him speak his own last words, in his own
+way:--
+
+
+"Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding
+fight of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van,
+and thrones be hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch
+of Iniquity have his victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs,
+before Tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood,
+and this last wound of suffering Humanity be closed.
+
+"If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us,
+here might we indeed pause and wonder. An idea has gone abroad, and
+fixed itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a
+distinct species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a
+Man. Call any one a _Schneider_ (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our
+dislocated, hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society,
+equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity? The epithet
+_schneidermassig_ (tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable
+degree of pusillanimity; we introduce a _Tailor's-Melancholy_, more
+opprobrious than any Leprosy, into our Books of Medicine; and fable I
+know not what of his generating it by living on Cabbage. Why should I
+speak of Hans Sachs (himself a Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor),
+with his _Schneider mit dem Panier_? Why of Shakspeare, in his _Taming
+of the Shrew_, and elsewhere? Does it not stand on record that the
+English Queen Elizabeth, receiving a deputation of Eighteen Tailors,
+addressed them with a 'Good morning, gentlemen both!' Did not the same
+virago boast that she had a Cavalry Regiment, whereof neither horse nor
+man could be injured; her Regiment, namely, of Tailors on Mares? Thus
+everywhere is the falsehood taken for granted, and acted on as an
+indisputable fact.
+
+"Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it
+is disputable or not? Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+sartorius? Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured
+to perform? Can he not arrest for debt? Is he not in most countries a
+taxpaying animal?
+
+"To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is
+mine. Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural
+Inquiries, is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated
+towards a higher Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen
+forecast of genius, dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear
+light: that the Tailor is not only a Man, but something of a Creator or
+Divinity. Of Franklin it was said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from
+Heaven and the Sceptre from Kings:' but which is greater, I would ask,
+he that lends, or he that snatches? For, looking away from individual
+cases, and how a Man is by the Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and
+clothed not only with Wool but with Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,--is
+not the fair fabric of Society itself, with all its royal mantles and
+pontifical stoles, whereby, from nakedness and dismemberment, we are
+organized into Polities, into nations, and a whole co-operating Mankind,
+the creation, as has here been often irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor
+alone?--What too are all Poets and moral Teachers, but a species of
+Metaphorical Tailors? Touching which high Guild the greatest living
+Guild-brother has triumphantly asked us: 'Nay if thou wilt have it,
+who but the Poet first made Gods for men; brought them down to us; and
+raised us up to them?'
+
+"And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his
+Shopboard, the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!
+Look up, thou much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope,
+and prophetic bodings of a noble better time. Too long hast thou sat
+there, on crossed legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some
+sacred Anchorite, or Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down
+Heaven's richest blessings, for a world that scoffed at thee. Be of
+hope! Already streaks of blue peer through our clouds; the thick gloom
+of Ignorance is rolling asunder, and it will be Day. Mankind will
+repay with interest their long-accumulated debt: the Anchorite that was
+scoffed at will be worshipped; the Fraction will become not an Integer
+only, but a Square and Cube. With astonishment the world will recognize
+that the Tailor is its Hierophant and Hierarch, or even its God.
+
+"As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which
+the Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:
+How many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this
+Arabian Whinstone!
+
+"Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in
+the Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood
+written that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;'
+and stood painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and
+between the knees these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. Was not
+this the martyr prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet
+sighing towards deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better
+day? A day of justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to
+man, and the Scissors become forever venerable.
+
+"Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in
+vain. It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and
+shed asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived
+this Work on Clothes: the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has
+already, after long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so
+large a section of my Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion
+may here find its conclusion."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL.
+
+So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more
+like a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for
+his fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them
+separately on a cover of our own. A laborious, perhaps a thankless
+enterprise; in which, however, something of hope has occasionally
+cheered us, and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether
+without satisfaction. If hereby, though in barbaric wise, some morsel
+of spiritual nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our
+beloved British world, what nobler recompense could the Editor desire?
+If it prove otherwise, why should he murmur? Was not this a Task which
+Destiny, in any case, had appointed him; which having now done with, he
+sees his general Day's-work so much the lighter, so much the shorter?
+
+
+Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without
+a mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval. Who will
+not regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher
+walks of Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a
+rummaging among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels,
+where lost rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests?
+Regret is unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time. To cure him of his
+mad humors British Criticism would essay in vain: enough for her if she
+can, by vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves. What
+a result, should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of
+writing, not to say of thinking, become general among our Literary men!
+As it might so easily do. Thus has not the Editor himself, working over
+Teufelsdrockh's German, lost much of his own English purity? Even as
+the smaller whirlpool is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along
+with it, so has the lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become
+portion of the greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively: which
+habit time and assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+
+Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any
+reader that can part with him in declared enmity? Let us confess, there
+is that in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost
+attaches us. His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man
+who had said to Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not
+be; and to Truth, Be thou in place of all to me: a man who had
+manfully defied the "Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps,
+Hannibal-like, was mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare,
+and now stood minded to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places,
+at all times. In such a cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack
+Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+
+Still the question returns on us: How could a man occasionally of keen
+insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+absurd? Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+satisfactorily answer. Our conjecture has sometimes been, that
+perhaps Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it. Seems it
+not conceivable that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much
+bountifully given by Nature had in Practice failed and misgone,
+Literature also would never rightly prosper: that striving with his
+characteristic vehemence to paint this and the other Picture, and ever
+without success, he at last desperately dashes his sponge, full of all
+colors, against the canvas, to try whether it will paint Foam? With all
+his stillness, there were perhaps in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough
+for this.
+
+A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty. It is, that
+Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a
+wish to proselytize. How often already have we paused, uncertain whether
+the basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair,
+or Love and Hope only seared into the figure of these! Remarkable,
+moreover, is this saying of his: "How were Friendship possible? In
+mutual devotedness to the Good and True: otherwise impossible; except
+as Armed Neutrality, or hollow Commercial League. A man, be the Heavens
+ever praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in
+Love, capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail
+in. Infinite is the help man can yield to man." And now in conjunction
+therewith consider this other: "It is the Night of the World, and still
+long till it be Day: we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and
+the Sun and the Stars of Heaven are as if blotted out for a season;
+and two immeasurable Phantoms, HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul,
+SENSUALITY, stalk abroad over the Earth, and call it theirs: well at
+ease are the Sleepers for whom Existence is a shallow Dream."
+
+But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality? Should not
+these unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?--In
+which case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous
+Pitch-pan, which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had
+kindled, that it might flame far and wide through the Night, and many
+a disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a Brother's
+bosom!--We say as before, with all his malign Indifference, who knows
+what mad Hopes this man may harbor?
+
+Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other
+men, might as good as altogether subvert it. Namely, that while the
+Beacon-fire blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that
+no pilgrim could now ask him: Watchman, what of the Night? Professor
+Teufelsdrockh, be it known, is no longer visibly present at
+Weissnichtwo, but again to all appearance lost in space! Some time ago,
+the Hofrath Heuschrecke was pleased to favor us with another copious
+Epistle; wherein much is said about the "Population-Institute;" much
+repeated in praise of the Paper-bag Documents, the hieroglyphic nature
+of which our Hofrath still seems not to have surmised; and, lastly,
+the strangest occurrence communicated, to us for the first time, in the
+following paragraph:--
+
+"_Ew. Wohlgeboren_ will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+disappearance of her Sage. Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves
+by what mystery he went away! But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or
+affects the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance: in the
+Wahngasse all lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself
+can hitherto elicit no answer.
+
+"It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those
+Parisian Three Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear
+in Weissnichtwo, Herr Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the _Gans_ or
+elsewhere, to have spoken, for a whole week, any syllable except once
+these three: _Es geht an_ (It is beginning). Shortly after, as _Ew.
+Wohlgeboren_ knows, was the public tranquillity here, as in
+Berlin, threatened by a Sedition of the Tailors. Nor did there want
+Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate Alarmists, who asserted that the
+closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was to blame. In this appalling
+crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was indescribable: nay, perhaps
+through one humble individual, something thereof might pass into the
+_Rath_ (Council) itself, and so contribute to the country's deliverance.
+The Tailors are now entirely pacificated.--
+
+"To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss: yet still
+comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics. For
+example, when the _Saint-Simonian Society_ transmitted its Propositions
+hither, and the whole _Gans_ was one vast cackle of laughter,
+lamentation and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end of the
+third evening said merely: 'Here also are men who have discovered, not
+without amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high, long-forgotten
+Truth you already see them make a false application.' Since then, as has
+been ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there passed at
+least one Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs Bazard-Enfantin
+and our Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be conjectured. On
+the fifth night following, he was seen for the last time!
+
+"Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or
+did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them,
+and confront them? Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to
+believe the Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere
+long he will himself give a sign. Otherwise, indeed, his archives must,
+one day, be opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the _Palingenesie_
+itself, is thought to be reposited."
+
+
+Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+
+So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced
+to an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were
+only beginning? We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has
+melted into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other. May
+Time, which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this
+also! Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is
+that, safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+
+Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen. Well does he know,
+if human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so
+much, not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective. For
+which, as for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers? To
+one and all of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and
+open heart, will wave a kind farewell. Thou too, miraculous Entity,
+who namest thyself YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and
+genialities, with thy all too Irish mirth and madness, and odor of
+palled punch, makest such strange work, farewell; long as thou canst,
+_fare-well_! Have we not, in the course of Eternity, travelled some
+months of our Life-journey in partial sight of one another; have we not
+existed together, though in a state of quarrel?
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental,
+could not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;--and had
+at last to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit by
+bit, in some courageous _Magazine_ that offered. Whereby now, to
+certain idly curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the
+insignificant but at last irritating question, What its real history and
+chronology are, is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+
+To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American
+had now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the
+title, "_Testimonies of Authors_," some straggle of real documents,
+which, now that I find it again, sets the matter into clear light and
+sequence:--and shall here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and
+nugatory guessings from the path of every reader, be reprinted as it
+stood. (_Author's Note, of_ 1868.)
+
+
+TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS.
+
+I. HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+
+_Taster to Bookseller_.--"The Author of _Teufelsdrockh_ is a person of
+talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of thought and
+expression, considerable fancy and knowledge: but whether or not it
+would take with the public seems doubtful. For a _jeu d'esprit_ of that
+kind it is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or article
+than as a volume. The Author has no great tact; his wit is frequently
+heavy; and reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping on
+tables and answered that he was learning to be lively. _Is_ the work a
+translation?"
+
+_Bookseller to Editor_.--"Allow me to say that such a writer requires
+only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able work.
+Directly on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a gentleman in
+the highest class of men of letters, and an accomplished German scholar:
+I now enclose you his opinion, which, you may rely upon it, is a just
+one; and I have too high an opinion of your good sense to" &c. &c.--_Ms.
+(penes nos), London, 17th September_, 1831.
+
+
+II. CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+
+"_Fraser's Magazine_ exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the" &c.
+
+"_Sartor Resartus_ is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by
+thought and striking poetic vigor. But what does the writer mean by
+'Baphometic fire-baptism'? Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and
+write so as to make himself generally intelligible? We quote by way
+of curiosity a sentence from the _Sartor Resartus_; which may be read
+either backwards or forwards, for it is equally intelligible either
+way: indeed, by beginning at the tail, and so working up to the head,
+we think the reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its
+meaning: 'The fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven,
+here feels its own freedom; which feeling is its Baphometic baptism:
+the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and
+will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions, not
+indeed without hard battering, will doubtless by degrees be conquered
+and pacificated.' Here is a"...--_Sun Newspaper, 1st April_, 1834.
+
+
+III. NORTH--AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+
+... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no
+such persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever
+existed; that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions
+and multifarious contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the
+'present Editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the
+Philosophy of Clothes; and that the _Sartor Resartus_ is the only
+treatise that has yet appeared upon that subject;--in short, that the
+whole account of the origin of the work before us, which the supposed
+Editor relates with so much gravity, and of which we have given a brief
+abstract, is, in plain English, a _hum_.
+
+"Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all
+other information on the subject, except what is contained in the work,
+is itself a fact of a most significant character. The whole German
+press, as well as the particular one where the work purports to have
+been printed, seems to be under the control of _Stillschweigen and Co.
+_--Silence and Company. If the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are
+making so great a sensation throughout Germany as is pretended, how
+happens it that the only notice we have of the fact is contained in a
+few numbers of a monthly Magazine published at London! How happens it
+that no intelligence about the matter has come out directly to this
+country? We pique ourselves here in New England upon knowing at least
+as much of what is going on in the literary way in the old Dutch
+Mother-land as our brethren of the fast-anchored Isle; but thus far
+we have no tidings whatever of the 'extensive close-printed,
+close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject of this pretended
+commentary. Again, we would respectfully inquire of the 'present Editor'
+upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for the city of
+_Weissnichtwo_--'Know-not-where'--at which place the work is supposed
+to have been printed, and the Author to have resided. It has been
+our fortune to visit several portions of the German territory, and to
+examine pretty carefully, at different times and for various purposes,
+maps of the whole; but we have no recollection of any such place. We
+suspect that the city of _Know-not-where_ might be called, with at
+least as much propriety, _Nobody-knows-where_, and is to be
+found in the kingdom of _Nowhere_. Again, the village of
+_Entepfuhl_--'Duck-pond'--where the supposed Author of the work is said
+to have passed his youth, and that of _Hinterschlag_, where he had his
+education, are equally foreign to our geography. Duck-ponds enough there
+undoubtedly are in almost every village in Germany, as the traveller
+in that country knows too well to his cost, but any particular village
+denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether _terra incognita_. The names
+of the personages are not less singular than those of the places.
+Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking together of such a pair of
+appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh? The supposed bearer of
+this strange title is represented as admitting, in his pretended
+autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all the
+Heralds' books in and without the German empire, and through all manner
+of Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,'
+but had nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as
+appended to his own person.' We can readily believe this, and we doubt
+very much whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a
+son to carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title. That of
+Counsellor Heuschrecke--'Grasshopper'--though not offensive, looks much
+more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.'
+The same may be said of _Blumine_--'Flower-Goddess'--the heroine of the
+fable; and so of the rest.
+
+"In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the
+whole story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of
+Nobody-knows-where, a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor
+Grasshopper, a Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as
+much foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of Sir John
+Herschel's discoveries in the moon. Fictions of this kind are, however,
+not uncommon, and ought not, perhaps, to be condemned with too much
+severity; but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence
+in regard to the attempt, which seems to be made to mislead the public
+as to the substance of the work before us, and its pretended German
+original. Both purport, as we have seen, to be upon the subject of
+Clothes, or dress. _Clothes, their Origin and Influence_, is the title
+of the supposed German treatise of Professor Teufelsdrockh and the
+rather odd name of _Sartor Resartus_--the Tailor Patched--which the
+present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary, seems to look
+the same way. But though there is a good deal of remark throughout the
+work in a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it seems to be in
+reality a treatise upon the great science of Things in General, which
+Teufelsdrockh, is supposed to have professed at the university of
+Nobody-knows-where. Now, without intending to adopt a too rigid standard
+of morals, we own that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to
+the public a treatise on Things in General, under the name and in the
+form of an Essay on Dress. For ourselves, advanced as we unfortunately
+are in the journey of life, far beyond the period when dress is
+practically a matter of interest, we have no hesitation in saying,
+that the real subject of the work is to us more attractive than the
+ostensible one. But this is probably not the case with the mass of
+readers. To the younger portion of the community, which constitutes
+everywhere the very great majority, the subject of dress is one of
+intense and paramount importance. An author who treats it appeals, like
+the poet, to the young men end maddens--_virginibus puerisque_--and
+calls upon them, by all the motives which habitually operate most
+strongly upon their feelings, to buy his book. When, after opening their
+purses for this purpose, they have carried home the work in triumph,
+expecting to find in it some particular instruction in regard to the
+tying of their neckcloths, or the cut of their corsets, and meet with
+nothing better than a dissertation on Things in General, they
+will--to use the mildest term--not be in very good humor. If the last
+improvements in legislation, which we have made in this country, should
+have found their way to England, the author, we think, would stand
+some chance of being _Lynched_. Whether his object in this piece
+of _supercherie_ be merely pecuniary profit, or whether he takes a
+malicious pleasure in quizzing the Dandies, we shall not undertake to
+say. In the latter part of the work, he devotes a separate chapter to
+this class of persons, from the tenor of which we should be disposed
+to conclude, that he would consider any mode of divesting them of their
+property very much in the nature of a spoiling of the Egyptians.
+
+"The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style,
+which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of
+richness, vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression,
+but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the
+German language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere
+result of a great familiarity with German literature; and we cannot,
+therefore, look upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing
+so much evidence of an opposite character."--_North-American Review, No.
+89, October_, 1835.
+
+
+IV. NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+
+"The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons,
+to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets [*] in
+which they first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in
+themselves the assurance of a longer date.
+
+     * _Fraser's_ (London) _Magazine_, 1833-34.
+
+"The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a
+sudden and general popularity. They will not undertake, as there is no
+need, to justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to
+dress his thoughts, or the German idioms with which he has sportively
+sprinkled his pages. It is his humor to advance the gravest speculations
+upon the gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style. If his
+masquerade offend any of his audience, to that degree that they will not
+hear what he has to say, it may chance to draw others to listen to his
+wisdom; and what work of imagination can hope to please all! But we will
+venture to remark that the distaste excited by these peculiarities in
+some readers is greatest at first, and is soon forgotten; and that the
+foreign dress and aspect of the Work are quite superficial, and cover
+a genuine Saxon heart. We believe, no book has been published for many
+years, written in a more sincere style of idiomatic English, or which
+discovers an equal mastery over all the riches of the language. The
+Author makes ample amends for the occasional eccentricity of his genius,
+not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor, but by the wit and sense
+which never fail him.
+
+"But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of
+the Age--we had almost said, of the hour--in which we live; exhibiting
+in the most just and novel light the present aspects of Religion,
+Politics, Literature, Arts, and Social Life. Under all his gayety
+the Writer has an earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into the
+manifold wants and tendencies of human nature, which is very rare among
+our popular authors. The philanthropy and the purity of moral sentiment,
+which inspire the work, will find their way to the heart of every lover
+of virtue."--_Preface to Sartor Resartus: Boston_, 1835, 1837.
+
+
+SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+
+LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the
+printed text. Italicized phrases are delimited by _underscores_.
+Footnotes (there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+paragraphs referencing them.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***
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+  <head>
+    <title>
+      Sartor Resartus by Thomas Carlyle.
+    </title>
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+  </head>
+  <body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***</div>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      SARTOR RESARTUS:
+    </h1>
+    <h2>
+      The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <h2>
+      By Thomas Carlyle.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      1831
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <blockquote>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <big><b>CONTENTS</b></big>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0001"> <b>BOOK I.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER VI. APRONS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER X. PURE REASON. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0013"> <b>BOOK II.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER I. GENESIS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER V. ROMANCE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0020"> CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0021"> CHAPTER X. PAUSE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_4_0024"> <b>BOOK III.</b> </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0022"> CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0023"> CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0024"> CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0025"> CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0026"> CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0027"> CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0028"> CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0029"> CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0030"> CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0031"> CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0032"> CHAPTER XI. TAILORS. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2HCH0033"> CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL. </a>
+      </p>
+      <p>
+        <br />
+      </p>
+      <p class="toc">
+        <a href="#link2H_APPE"> APPENDIX. </a>
+      </p>
+    </blockquote>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /> <a name="link2H_4_0001" id="link2H_4_0001">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <h1>
+      BOOK I.
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch of
+      Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or less effect,
+      for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times especially, not
+      only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely than ever, but
+      innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled thereat, are also
+      glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest cranny or dog-hole
+      in Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,&mdash;it might strike the
+      reflective mind with some surprise that hitherto little or nothing of a
+      fundamental character, whether in the way of Philosophy or History, has
+      been written on the subject of Clothes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect: Lagrange, it is well
+      known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+      forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not
+      have been made on any other scheme. Whereby, at least, our nautical
+      Logbooks can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown
+      more commodious. Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough: what with the
+      labors of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their
+      disciples, it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the
+      Creation of a World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a
+      dumpling; concerning which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom the
+      question, <i>How the apples were got in</i>, presented difficulties. Why
+      mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of
+      Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring? Then, have we not a Doctrine of
+      Rent, a Theory of Value; Philosophies of Language, of History, of Pottery,
+      of Apparitions, of Intoxicating Liquors? Man's whole life and environment
+      have been laid open and elucidated; scarcely a fragment or fibre of his
+      Soul, Body, and Possessions, but has been probed, dissected, distilled,
+      desiccated, and scientifically decomposed: our spiritual Faculties, of
+      which it appears there are not a few, have their Stewarts, Cousins, Royer
+      Collards: every cellular, vascular, muscular Tissue glories in its
+      Lawrences, Majendies, Bichats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand Tissue
+      of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite overlooked by
+      Science,&mdash;the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or other cloth;
+      which Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall; wherein his
+      whole other Tissues are included and screened, his whole Faculties work,
+      his whole Self lives, moves, and has its being? For if, now and then, some
+      straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's glance into this
+      obscure region, the most have soared over it altogether heedless;
+      regarding Clothes as a property, not an accident, as quite natural and
+      spontaneous, like the leaves of trees, like the plumage of birds. In all
+      speculations they have tacitly figured man as <i>a Clothed Animal</i>;
+      whereas he is by nature a <i>Naked Animal</i>; and only in certain
+      circumstances, by purpose and device, masks himself in Clothes.
+      Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before and after: the more
+      surprising that we do not look round a little, and see what is passing
+      under our very eyes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+      deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid. It is, after all, a blessing that,
+      in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where abstract
+      Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy of Catholic
+      Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris, deafen every
+      French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful on his
+      scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude here and
+      elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast of
+      cow-horn, emit his <i>Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen</i>; in
+      other words, tell the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what
+      o'clock it really is. Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for an
+      unprofitable diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where
+      nothing was to be had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking
+      the gold-mines of finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen whereby
+      a man himself grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into regions
+      of bilberries and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last in remote
+      peat-bogs. Of that unwise science, which, as our Humorist expresses it,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+      vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said. In
+      so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+      consequence. Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe has
+      tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+      rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited, into rare
+      valleys. Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only finger-posts and
+      turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers, for the mind of man?
+      It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be
+      increased." Surely the plain rule is, Let each considerate person have his
+      way, and see what it will lead to. For not this man and that man, but all
+      men make up mankind, and their united tasks the task of mankind. How often
+      have we seen some such adventurous, and perhaps much-censured wanderer
+      light on some out-lying, neglected, yet vitally momentous province; the
+      hidden treasures of which he first discovered, and kept proclaiming till
+      the general eye and effort were directed thither, and the conquest was
+      completed;&mdash;thereby, in these his seemingly so aimless rambles,
+      planting new standards, founding new habitable colonies, in the
+      immeasurable circumambient realm of Nothingness and Night! Wise man was he
+      who counselled that Speculation should have free course, and look
+      fearlessly towards all the thirty-two points of the compass, whithersoever
+      and howsoever it listed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+      especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how our
+      mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a political
+      or other immediately practical tendency on all English culture and
+      endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,&mdash;that this, not
+      Philosophy of Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such
+      Philosophy, stands here for the first time published in our language. What
+      English intellect could have chosen such a topic, or by chance stumbled on
+      it? But for that same unshackled, and even sequestered condition of the
+      German Learned, which permits and induces them to fish in all manner of
+      waters, with all manner of nets, it seems probable enough, this abtruse
+      Inquiry might, in spite of the results it leads to, have continued dormant
+      for indefinite periods. The Editor of these sheets, though otherwise
+      boasting himself a man of confirmed speculative habits, and perhaps
+      discursive enough, is free to confess, that never, till these last months,
+      did the above very plain considerations, on our total want of a Philosophy
+      of Clothes, occur to him; and then, by quite foreign suggestion. By the
+      arrival, namely, of a new Book from Professor Teufelsdrockh of
+      Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of this subject, and in a style which,
+      whether understood or not, could not even by the blindest be overlooked.
+      In the present Editor's way of thought, this remarkable Treatise, with its
+      Doctrines, whether as judicially acceded to, or judicially denied, has not
+      remained without effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken</i> (Clothes, their Origin and
+      Influence): <i>von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc. Stillschweigen und
+      Cognie. Weissnichtwo</i>, 1831.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here," says the <i>Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger</i>, "comes a Volume of
+      that extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken
+      with pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo. Issuing
+      from the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company, with
+      every external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as to set
+      Neglect at defiance.... A work," concludes the well-nigh enthusiastic
+      Reviewer, "interesting alike to the antiquary, the historian, and the
+      philosophic thinker; a masterpiece of boldness, lynx-eyed acuteness, and
+      rugged independent Germanism and Philanthropy (<i>derber Kerndeutschheit
+      und Menschenliebe</i>); which will not, assuredly, pass current without
+      opposition in high places; but must and will exalt the almost new name of
+      Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy, in our German Temple of
+      Honor."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the first
+      blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither a
+      Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which
+      modesty forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated wish
+      or hope of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding phrase:
+      <i>Mochte es</i> (this remarkable Treatise) <i>auch im Brittischen Boden
+      gedeihen</i>!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+      Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then
+      might the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with chalk
+      in the Editor's calendar. It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of
+      boundless, almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm
+      nor clear, if you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to
+      his utmost depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true
+      orients.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate inspection,
+      it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of Philosophy, leading to
+      as yet undescried ulterior results, was disclosed; farther, what seemed
+      scarcely less interesting, a quite new human Individuality, an almost
+      unexampled personal character, that, namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh
+      the Discloser. Of both which novelties, as far as might be possible, we
+      resolved to master the significance. But as man is emphatically a
+      proselytizing creature, no sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted,
+      than the new question arose: How might this acquired good be imparted to
+      others, perhaps in equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of
+      Clothes, and the Author of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any
+      measure, to the business and bosoms of our own English Nation? For if
+      new-got gold is said to burn the pockets till it be cast forth into
+      circulation, much more may new truth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, difficulties occurred. The first thought naturally was to
+      publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+      circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with, or
+      by money or love procure access to. But, on the other hand, was it not
+      clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of, might
+      endanger the circulation of any Journal extant? If, indeed, all
+      party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory, and
+      Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the Nation
+      could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of Clothes
+      poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had seemed
+      possible. But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except <i>Fraser's
+      Magazine</i>? A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking) with the
+      maddest Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and destructively,
+      wheresoever the mystified passenger stands or sits; nay, in any case,
+      understood to be, of late years, a vehicle full to overflowing, and
+      inexorably shut! Besides, to state the Philosophy of Clothes without the
+      Philosopher, the ideas of Teufelsdrockh without something of his
+      personality, was it not to insure both of entire misapprehension? Now for
+      Biography, had it been otherwise admissible, there were no adequate
+      documents, no hope of obtaining such, but rather, owing to circumstances,
+      a special despair. Thus did the Editor see himself, for the while, shut
+      out from all public utterance of these extraordinary Doctrines, and
+      constrained to revolve them, not without disquietude, in the dark depths
+      of his own mind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read and
+      again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+      personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+      that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby the
+      old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,&mdash;when
+      altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke,
+      our Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom we
+      had not previously corresponded. The Hofrath, after much quite extraneous
+      matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and attention" which the
+      Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own German Republic of Letters;
+      on the deep significance and tendency of his Friend's Volume; and then, at
+      length, with great circumlocution, hinted at the practicability of
+      conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to England, and through
+      England to the distant West:" a work on Professor Teufelsdrockh "were
+      undoubtedly welcome to the <i>Family</i>, the <i>National</i>, or any
+      other of those patriotic <i>Libraries</i>, at present the glory of British
+      Literature;" might work revolutions in Thought; and so forth;&mdash;in
+      conclusion, intimating not obscurely, that should the present Editor feel
+      disposed to undertake a Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he, Hofrath
+      Heuschrecke, had it in his power to furnish the requisite Documents.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would
+      not crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+      introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the whole
+      is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+      Heuschrecke's. Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+      united itself with like in definite arrangement: and soon either in actual
+      vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of the whole
+      Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass. Cautiously
+      yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application to the famed
+      redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made: an interview, interviews with that
+      singular man have taken place; with more of assurance on our side, with
+      less of satire (at least of open satire) on his, than we anticipated; for
+      the rest, with such issue as is now visible. As to those same "patriotic
+      <i>Libraries</i>," the Hofrath's counsel could only be viewed with silent
+      amazement; but with his offer of Documents we joyfully and almost
+      instantaneously closed. Thus, too, in the sure expectation of these, we
+      already see our task begun; and this our <i>Sartor Resartus</i>, which is
+      properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+      vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more. Let the British
+      reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented
+      him, and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he is
+      possessed of. Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared from the
+      mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and directed
+      rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book. Who or what such
+      Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even insignificant: [*] it is
+      a voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of Clothes; undoubtedly a
+      Spirit addressing Spirits: whoso hath ears, let him hear.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask,
+     or muffler; and, we have reason to think, under a feigned
+     name!&mdash;O. Y.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning: namely,
+      that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to the
+      Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according to
+      ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such defence
+      that he engaged in this undertaking. To stem, or if that be impossible,
+      profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a Volume as
+      Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable pile, or
+      floodgate, in the logical wear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+      ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+      pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate. Powerless, we
+      venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves. Grateful
+      they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair mementos of
+      bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods, when, lapped in
+      the symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence, though with baser
+      accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that feast of reason, never
+      since vouchsafed him in so full measure! But what then? <i>Amicus Plato,
+      magis amica veritas</i>; Teufelsdrockh is our friend, Truth is our
+      divinity. In our historical and critical capacity, we hope we are
+      strangers to all the world; have feud or favor with no one,&mdash;save
+      indeed the Devil, with whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we
+      do at all times wage internecine war. This assurance, at an epoch when
+      puffery and quackery have reached a height unexampled in the annals of
+      mankind, and even English Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must write on
+      their door-lintels <i>No cheating here</i>,&mdash;we thought it good to
+      premise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. REMINISCENCES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+      Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the rest
+      of the world. For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+      unexpected. Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+      with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life: a man
+      devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+      published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+      whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend,
+      as he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that
+      cannot but exasperate and divide. Not, that we can remember, was the
+      Philosophy of Clothes once touched upon between us. If through the high,
+      silent, meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected any
+      practical tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a
+      certain prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism; as
+      indeed some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was now
+      and then suspected; though his special contributions to the <i>Isis</i>
+      could never be more than surmised at. But, at all events, nothing Moral,
+      still less anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which indeed,
+      with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever remembered. Lifting
+      his huge tumbler of <i>Gukguk</i>, [*] and for a moment lowering his
+      tobacco-pipe, he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was <i>Zur Grunen Gans</i>,
+      the largest in Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity, and nearly all the
+      Intellect of the place assembled of an evening); and there, with low,
+      soul-stirring tone, and the look truly of an angel, though whether of a
+      white or of a black one might be dubious, proposed this toast: <i>Die
+      Sache der Armen in Gottes und Teufels Namen</i> (The Cause of the Poor, in
+      Heaven's name and&mdash;'s)! One full shout, breaking the leaden silence;
+      then a gurgle of innumerable emptying bumpers, again followed by universal
+      cheering, returned him loud acclaim. It was the finale of the night:
+      resuming their pipes; in the highest enthusiasm, amid volumes of
+      tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt without and within, the assembly
+      broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow. <i>Bleibt doch ein echter Spass</i>-
+      <i>und Galgen-vogel</i>, said several; meaning thereby that, one day, he
+      would probably be hanged for his democratic sentiments. <i>Wo steckt doch
+      der Schalk</i>? added they, looking round: but Teufelsdrockh had retired
+      by private alleys, and the Compiler of these pages beheld him no more.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher, such
+      estimate to form of his purposes and powers. And yet, thou brave
+      Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee? Under those thick locks
+      of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face we ever
+      in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain. In thy eyes too, deep
+      under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy, have we not
+      noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and half fancied
+      that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion, the <i>sleep</i>
+      of a spinning-top? Thy little figure, there as, in loose ill-brushed
+      threadbare habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and lumber, whole days,
+      to "think and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty heart. The secrets of
+      man's Life were laid open to thee; thou sawest into the mystery of the
+      Universe, farther than another; thou hadst <i>in petto</i> thy remarkable
+      Volume on Clothes. Nay, was there not in that clear logically founded
+      Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy meek, silent, deep-seated
+      Sansculottism, combined with a true princely Courtesy of inward nature,
+      the visible rudiments of such speculation? But great men are too often
+      unknown, or what is worse, misknown. Already, when we dreamed not of it,
+      the warp of thy remarkable Volume lay on the loom; and silently,
+      mysterious shuttles were putting in the woof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this case,
+      may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is happily not
+      our concern, but his. To us it appeared, after repeated trial, that in
+      Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the best-informed classes,
+      no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered; not so much as a false
+      one. He was a stranger there, wafted thither by what is called the course
+      of circumstances; concerning whose parentage, birthplace, prospects, or
+      pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries, but satisfied herself with
+      the most indistinct replies. For himself, he was a man so still and
+      altogether unparticipating, that to question him even afar off on such
+      particulars was a thing of more than usual delicacy: besides, in his sly
+      way, he had ever some quaint turn, not without its satirical edge,
+      wherewith to divert such intrusions, and deter you from the like. Wits
+      spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of Melchizedek, without father
+      or mother of any kind; sometimes, with reference to his great historic and
+      statistic knowledge, and the vivid way he had of expressing himself like
+      an eye-witness of distant transactions and scenes, they called him the <i>Ewige
+      Jude</i>, Everlasting, or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+      Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction; but no
+      more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their daily <i>Allgemeine
+      Zeitung</i>, or the domestic habits of the Sun. Both were there and
+      welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought no more of
+      the matter. The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his little
+      circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent in
+      German Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them alive,
+      and feel certain enough that they must have a History, no History seems to
+      be discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and
+      antediluvian ruins: That they have been created by unknown agencies, are
+      in a state of gradual decay, and for the present reflect light and resist
+      pressure; that is, are visible and tangible objects in this phantasm
+      world, where so much other mystery is.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, <i>Professor der
+      Allerley-Wissenschaft</i>, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+      Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never been
+      incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition. To all
+      appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding their
+      New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like ours," as
+      the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are, rapidly or
+      slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of this kind had
+      been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task of bodying
+      somewhat forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly,
+      facilitated." That actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes for
+      the "Science of Things in General," they doubtless considered premature;
+      on which ground too they had only established the Professorship, nowise
+      endowed it; so that Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by the highest Names," had
+      been promoted thereby to a Name merely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this new
+      Professorship: how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want of the
+      Age (<i>Zeitbedurfniss</i>); how at length, instead of Denial and
+      Destruction, we were to have a science of Affirmation and Reconstruction;
+      and Germany and Weissnichtwo were where they should be, in the vanguard of
+      the world. Considerable also was the wonder at the new Professor, dropt
+      opportunely enough into the nascent University; so able to lecture, should
+      occasion call; so ready to hold his peace for indefinite periods, should
+      an enlightened Government consider that occasion did not call. But such
+      admiration and such wonder, being followed by no act to keep them living,
+      could last only nine days; and, long before our visit to that scene, had
+      quite died away. The more cunning heads thought it was all an expiring
+      clutch at popularity, on the part of a Minister, whom domestic
+      embarrassments, court intrigues, old age, and dropsy soon afterwards
+      finally drove from the helm.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the <i>Grune
+      Gans</i>, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him. Here, over
+      his tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes contemplatively
+      looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without other visible
+      employment: always, from his mild ways, an agreeable phenomenon there;
+      more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on which occasions the
+      whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence, as if sure to hear
+      something noteworthy. Nay, perhaps to hear a whole series and river of the
+      most memorable utterances; such as, when once thawed, he would for hours
+      indulge in, with fit audience: and the more memorable, as issuing from a
+      head apparently not more interested in them, not more conscious of them,
+      than is the sculptured stone head of some public fountain, which through
+      its brass mouth-tube emits water to the worthy and the unworthy; careless
+      whether it be for cooking victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed,
+      maintains the same earnest assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+      however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+      most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+      scrutinize him with due power of vision! We enjoyed, what not three men
+      Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the Professor's
+      private domicile. It was the attic floor of the highest house in the
+      Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle of Weissnichtwo, for it
+      rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs, themselves rising from elevated
+      ground. Moreover, with its windows it looked towards all the four <i>Orte</i>
+      or as the Scotch say, and we ought to say, <i>Airts</i>: the sitting room
+      itself commanded three; another came to view in the <i>Schlafgemach</i>
+      (bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing of the kitchen, which
+      offered two, as it were, <i>duplicates</i>, showing nothing new. So that
+      it was in fact the speculum or watch-tower of Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom,
+      sitting at ease he might see the whole life-circulation of that
+      considerable City; the streets and lanes of which, with all their doing
+      and driving (<i>Thun und Treiben</i>), were for the most part visible
+      there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him say,
+      "and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing, and
+      choking by sulphur. From the Palace esplanade, where music plays while
+      Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the low lane,
+      where in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin livelihood sits
+      to feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except Schlosskirche
+      weather-cock, no biped stands so high. Couriers arrive bestrapped and
+      bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches of leather: there,
+      top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the country Baron and his
+      household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier hops painfully along,
+      begging alms: a thousand carriages, and wains, cars, come tumbling in with
+      Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw Produce, inanimate or animate,
+      and go tumbling out again with produce manufactured. That living flood,
+      pouring through these streets, of all qualities and ages, knowest thou
+      whence it is coming, whither it is going? <i>Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der
+      Ewigkeit hin</i>: From Eternity, onwards to Eternity! These are
+      Apparitions: what else? Are they not Souls rendered visible: in Bodies,
+      that took shape and will lose it, melting into air? Their solid Pavement
+      is a Picture of the Sense; they walk on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time
+      is behind them and before them. Or fanciest thou, the red and yellow
+      Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs on its heels and feather in its crown,
+      is but of To-day, without a Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather
+      its Ancestor alive when Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island? Friend, thou
+      seest here a living link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all
+      Being: watch well, or it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Ach, mein Lieber</i>!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned
+      from the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to
+      dwell here. These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+      thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+      what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith
+      in their leash of sidereal fire? That stifled hum of Midnight, when
+      Traffic has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still
+      rolling here and there through distant streets, are bearing her to Halls
+      roofed in, and lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice and Misery,
+      to prowl or to moan like nightbirds, are abroad: that hum, I say, like the
+      stertorous, unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in Heaven! Oh, under
+      that hideous coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions, and unimaginable
+      gases, what a Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid! The joyful and the
+      sorrowful are there; men are dying there, men are being born; men are
+      praying,&mdash;on the other side of a brick partition, men are cursing;
+      and around them all is the vast, void Night. The proud Grandee still
+      lingers in his perfumed saloons, or reposes within damask curtains;
+      Wretchedness cowers into buckle-beds, or shivers hunger-stricken into its
+      lair of straw: in obscure cellars, <i>Rouge-et-Noir</i> languidly emits
+      its voice-of-destiny to haggard hungry Villains; while Councillors of
+      State sit plotting, and playing their high chess-game, whereof the pawns
+      are Men. The Lover whispers his mistress that the coach is ready; and she,
+      full of hope and fear, glides down, to fly with him over the borders: the
+      Thief, still more silently, sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks
+      in wait till the watchmen first snore in their boxes. Gay mansions, with
+      supper-rooms and dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and
+      high-swelling hearts; but, in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats
+      tremulous and faint, and bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness,
+      which is around and within, for the light of a stern last morning. Six men
+      are to be hanged on the morrow: comes no hammering from the <i>Rabenstein</i>?&mdash;their
+      gallows must even now be o' building. Upwards of five hundred thousand
+      two-legged animals without feathers lie round us, in horizontal position;
+      their heads all in nightcaps, and full of the foolishest dreams. Riot
+      cries aloud, and staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of shame; and the
+      Mother, with streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying infant, whose
+      cracked lips only her tears now moisten.&mdash;All these heaped and
+      huddled together, with nothing but a little carpentry and masonry between
+      them;&mdash;crammed in, like salted fish in their barrel;&mdash;or
+      weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian pitcher of tamed vipers, each
+      struggling to get its <i>head above</i> the others: <i>such</i> work goes
+      on under that smoke-counterpane!&mdash;But I, <i>mein Werther</i>, sit
+      above it all; I am alone with the stars."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+      extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+      the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+      enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+      visible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These were the Professor's talking seasons: most commonly he spoke in mere
+      monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the visitor had
+      liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer an occasional
+      grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself away. It was a
+      strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and miscellaneous
+      shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common element of
+      dust." Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered a sheet of
+      manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily thrown aside;
+      ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots, tobacco-boxes,
+      Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots. Old Lieschen (Lisekin, 'Liza),
+      who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer and wringer, cook,
+      errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the rest a very orderly
+      creature, had no sovereign authority in this last citadel of
+      Teufelsdrockh; only some once in the month she half-forcibly made her way
+      thither, with broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily saving his
+      manuscripts) effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery of such lumber
+      as was not Literary. These were her <i>Erdbeben</i> (earthquakes), which
+      Teufelsdrockh dreaded worse than the pestilence; nevertheless, to such
+      length he had been forced to comply. Glad would he have been to sit here
+      philosophizing forever, or till the litter, by accumulation, drove him out
+      of doors: but Lieschen was his right-arm, and spoon, and necessary of
+      life, and would not be flatly gainsayed. We can still remember the ancient
+      woman; so silent that some thought her dumb; deaf also you would often
+      have supposed her; for Teufelsdrockh, and Teufelsdrockh only, would she
+      serve or give heed to; and with him she seemed to communicate chiefly by
+      signs; if it were not rather by some secret divination that she guessed
+      all his wants, and supplied them. Assiduous old dame! she scoured, and
+      sorted, and swept, in her kitchen, with the least possible violence to the
+      ear; yet all was tight and right there: hot and black came the coffee ever
+      at the due moment; and the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you,
+      from under her clean white coif with its lappets, through her clean
+      withered face and wrinkles, with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of
+      benevolence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither: the only one we
+      ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+      known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages. To us, at
+      that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+      crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+      distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+      "they never appear without their umbrella." Had we not known with what
+      "little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as elsewhere,
+      the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute train-bearers
+      to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing or unwilling
+      dupes,&mdash;it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke should be
+      named a <i>Rath</i>, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in Weissnichtwo.
+      What counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this particular Hofrath
+      give; in whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose thin visage, as it went
+      jerking to and fro, in minute incessant fluctuation,&mdash;you traced
+      rather confusion worse confounded; at most, Timidity and physical Cold?
+      Some indeed said withal, he was "the very Spirit of Love embodied:" blue
+      earnest eyes, full of sadness and kindness; purse ever open, and so forth;
+      the whole of which, we shall now hope, for many reasons, was not quite
+      groundless. Nevertheless friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed
+      handled the burin like few in these cases, was probably the best: <i>Er
+      hat Gemuth und Geist, hat wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne
+      Schicksals-Gunst; ist gegenwartig aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt</i>,
+      "He has heart and talent, at least has had such, yet without fit mode of
+      utterance, or favor of Fortune; and so is now half-cracked,
+      half-congealed."&mdash;What the Hofrath shall think of this when he sees
+      it, readers may wonder; we, safe in the stronghold of Historical Fidelity,
+      are careless.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh, which
+      indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke himself.
+      We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the fondness
+      of a Boswell for his Johnson. And perhaps with the like return; for
+      Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard, as
+      some half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved him
+      out of gratitude and by habit. On the other hand, it was curious to
+      observe with what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection,
+      our Hofrath, being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far more
+      practically influential of the two, looked and tended on his little Sage,
+      whom he seemed to consider as a living oracle. Let but Teufelsdrockh open
+      his mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into a free doorway,
+      besides his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing might be lost: and
+      then, at every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out his pursy chuckle of
+      a cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took some time to get in
+      motion, and seemed crank and slack), or else his twanging nasal, <i>Bravo!
+      Das glaub' ich</i>; in either case, by way of heartiest approval. In
+      short, if Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which, except perhaps in his
+      self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there was no symptom, then might
+      Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to whom no dough-pill he could
+      knead and publish was other than medicinal and sacred.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at the
+      time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and
+      meditate. Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often,
+      in solitude, outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable Inquirer
+      fought all his battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in all
+      probability, that he wrote this surprising Volume on <i>Clothes</i>.
+      Additional particulars: of his age, which was of that standing middle sort
+      you could only guess at; of his wide surtout; the color of his trousers,
+      fashion of his broad-brimmed steeple-hat, and so forth, we might report,
+      but do not. The Wisest truly is, in these times, the Greatest; so that an
+      enlightened curiosity leaving Kings and such like to rest very much on
+      their own basis, turns more and more to the Philosophic Class:
+      nevertheless, what reader expects that, with all our writing and
+      reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to him, till once the
+      Documents arrive? His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily Presence, are as yet
+      hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture. But, on the other
+      hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable Volume, much more
+      truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of Doubloons? To the soul
+      of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely, on the "Origin and
+      Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. CHARACTERISTICS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+      entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like the
+      very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of genius,
+      has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid its
+      effulgence,&mdash;a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+      double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and
+      prophesyings of the <i>Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger</i>, we admitted that
+      the Book had in a high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the
+      best effect of any book; that it had even operated changes in our way of
+      thought; nay, that it promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a new
+      mine-shaft, wherein the whole world of Speculation might henceforth dig to
+      unknown depths. More specially may it now be declared that Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's acquirements, patience of research, philosophic and even
+      poetic vigor, are here made indisputably manifest; and unhappily no less
+      his prolixity and tortuosity and manifold ineptitude; that, on the whole,
+      as in opening new mine-shafts is not unreasonable, there is much rubbish
+      in his Book, though likewise specimens of almost invaluable ore. A
+      paramount popularity in England we cannot promise him. Apart from the
+      choice of such a topic as Clothes, too often the manner of treating it
+      betokens in the Author a rusticity and academic seclusion, unblamable,
+      indeed inevitable in a German, but fatal to his success with our public.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+      forgotten what he saw. He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls many
+      things by their mere dictionary names. To him the Upholsterer is no
+      Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt and
+      overhung: "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses, and
+      ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that such
+      Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+      God-created Souls do for the time meet together." To Teufelsdrockh the
+      highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+      bracelets and Malines laces: in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+      less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+      Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag for <i>hooking-together</i>;
+      and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and hammered on a stithy before
+      smith's fingers." Thus does the Professor look in men's faces with a
+      strange impartiality, a strange scientific freedom; like a man unversed in
+      the higher circles, like a man dropped thither from the Moon. Rightly
+      considered, it is in this peculiarity, running through his whole system of
+      thought, that all these shortcomings, over-shootings, and multiform
+      perversities, take rise: if indeed they have not a second source, also
+      natural enough, in his Transcendental Philosophies, and humor of looking
+      at all Matter and Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his case were
+      but the more hopeless, the more lamentable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+      believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+      Work: nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+      as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+      passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+      waistcoat beats a heart,"&mdash;the force of that rapt earnestness may be
+      felt, and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through? In our wild
+      Seer, shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild honey,
+      there is an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious, strength,
+      which, except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare. Many a deep
+      glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast into mysterious
+      Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man. Wonderful it is with
+      what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder the confusion; sheers
+      down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre of the matter; and there
+      not only hits the nail on the head, but with crushing force smites it
+      home, and buries it.&mdash;On the other hand, let us be free to admit, he
+      is the most unequal writer breathing. Often after some such feat, he will
+      play truant for long pages, and go dawdling and dreaming, and mumbling and
+      maundering the merest commonplaces, as if he were asleep with eyes open,
+      which indeed he is.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most
+      known tongues, from <i>Sanchoniathon</i> to <i>Dr. Lingard</i>, from your
+      Oriental <i>Shasters</i>, and <i>Talmuds</i>, and <i>Korans</i>, with
+      Cassini's <i>Siamese fables</i>, and Laplace's <i>Mecanique Celeste</i>,
+      down to <i>Robinson Crusoe</i> and the <i>Belfast Town and Country
+      Almanack</i>, are familiar to him,&mdash;we shall say nothing: for
+      unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such universality of study
+      passes without wonder, as a thing commendable, indeed, but natural,
+      indispensable, and there of course. A man that devotes his life to
+      learning, shall he not be learned?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability,
+      marred too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+      intercourse with the higher classes. Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+      find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step forth
+      in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing amid
+      flame and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction,
+      picturesque allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns; all
+      the graces and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest
+      Intellect, alternate in beautiful vicissitude. Were it not that sheer
+      sleeping and soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches
+      even of pure doting jargon, so often intervene! On the whole, Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh, is not a cultivated writer. Of his sentences perhaps not
+      more than nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are in
+      quite angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and
+      dashes), and ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a few
+      even sprawl out helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and
+      dismembered. Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in
+      him a singular attraction. A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of the
+      man, like its keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as into the
+      Song of Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now sinking in
+      cadences, not without melodious heartiness, though sometimes abrupt
+      enough, into the common pitch, when we hear it only as a monotonous hum;
+      of which hum the true character is extremely difficult to fix. Up to this
+      hour we have never fully satisfied ourselves whether it is a tone and hum
+      of real Humor, which we reckon among the very highest qualities of genius,
+      or some echo of mere Insanity and Inanity, which doubtless ranks below the
+      very lowest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do we
+      still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling. Gleams of an
+      ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity; he
+      could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it seems
+      as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph. Then again he is
+      so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such indifference,
+      malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and ever with some
+      half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if indeed it be not mere
+      stolid callousness,&mdash;that you look on him almost with a shudder, as
+      on some incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great terrestrial and
+      celestial Round, after all, were but some huge foolish Whirligig, where
+      kings and beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and street-sweepings,
+      were chaotically whirled, in which only children could take interest. His
+      look, as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever seen: yet it is not of
+      that cast-iron gravity frequent enough among our own Chancery suitors; but
+      rather the gravity as of some silent, high-encircled mountain-pool,
+      perhaps the crater of an extinct volcano; into whose black deeps you fear
+      to gaze: those eyes, those lights that sparkle in it, may indeed be
+      reflexes of the heavenly Stars, but perhaps also glances from the region
+      of Nether Fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature,
+      this of Teufelsdrockh! Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once
+      we saw him <i>laugh</i>; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time
+      in his life; but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the
+      Seven Sleepers! It was of Jean Paul's doing: some single billow in that
+      vast World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations, which
+      is now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death! The large-bodied Poet
+      and the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking miscellaneously
+      together, the present Editor being privileged to listen; and now Paul, in
+      his serious way, was giving one of those inimitable "Extra-Harangues;"
+      and, as it chanced, On the Proposal for a <i>Cast-metal King</i>:
+      gradually a light kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a beaming,
+      mantling, loveliest light; through those murky features, a radiant
+      ever-young Apollo looked; and he burst forth like the neighing of all
+      Tattersall's,&mdash;tears streaming down his cheeks, pipe held aloft, foot
+      clutched into the air,&mdash;loud, long-continuing, uncontrollable; a
+      laugh not of the face and diaphragm only, but of the whole man from head
+      to heel. The present Editor, who laughed indeed, yet with measure, began
+      to fear all was not right: however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and
+      sank into his old stillness; on his inscrutable countenance there was, if
+      anything, a slight look of shame; and Richter himself could not rouse him
+      again. Readers who have any tincture of Psychology know how much is to be
+      inferred from this; and that no man who has once heartily and wholly
+      laughed can be altogether irreclaimably bad. How much lies in Laughter:
+      the cipher-key, wherewith we decipher the whole man! Some men wear an
+      everlasting barren simper; in the smile of others lies a cold glitter as
+      of ice: the fewest are able to laugh, what can be called laughing, but
+      only sniff and titter and snigger from the throat outwards; or at best,
+      produce some whiffling husky cachinnation, as if they were laughing
+      through wool: of none such comes good. The man who cannot laugh is not
+      only fit for treasons, stratagems, and spoils; but his whole life is
+      already a treason and a stratagem.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+      fault, doubtless his worst: an almost total want of arrangement. In this
+      remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+      produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward
+      method; but of true logical method and sequence there is too little. Apart
+      from its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work naturally falls
+      into two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a Philosophical-Speculative:
+      but falls, unhappily, by no firm line of demarcation; in that labyrinthic
+      combination, each Part overlaps, and indents, and indeed runs quite
+      through the other. Many sections are of a debatable rubric, or even quite
+      nondescript and unnamable; whereby the Book not only loses in
+      accessibility, but too often distresses us like some mad banquet, wherein
+      all courses had been confounded, and fish and flesh, soup and solid,
+      oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French mustard, were hurled into
+      one huge tureen or trough, and the hungry Public invited to help itself.
+      To bring what order we can out of this Chaos shall be part of our
+      endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0005" id="link2HCH0005">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "As Montesquieu wrote a <i>Spirit of Laws</i>," observes our Professor,
+      "so could I write a <i>Spirit of Clothes</i>; thus, with an <i>Esprit des
+      Lois</i>, properly an <i>Esprit de Coutumes</i>, we should have an <i>Esprit
+      de Costumes</i>. For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man
+      proceed by mere Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious
+      operations of the mind. In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an
+      Architectural Idea will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are the
+      site and materials whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of a
+      Person, is to be built. Whether he flow gracefully out in folded mantles,
+      based on light sandals; tower up in high headgear, from amid peaks,
+      spangles and bell-girdles; swell out in starched ruffs, buckram stuffings,
+      and monstrous tuberosities; or girth himself into separate sections, and
+      front the world an Agglomeration of four limbs,&mdash;will depend on the
+      nature of such Architectural Idea: whether Grecian, Gothic, Later Gothic,
+      or altogether Modern, and Parisian or Anglo-Dandiacal. Again, what meaning
+      lies in Color! From the soberest drab to the high-flaming scarlet,
+      spiritual idiosyncrasies unfold themselves in choice of Color: if the Cut
+      betoken Intellect and Talent, so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart.
+      In all which, among nations as among individuals, there is an incessant,
+      indubitable, though infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect: every
+      snip of the Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active
+      Influences, which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are
+      neither invisible nor illegible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of Clothes,
+      as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening entertainment:
+      nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such Philosophies have
+      always seemed to me uninstructive enough. Nay, what is your Montesquieu
+      himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a hieroglyphical
+      prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity, in Heaven?&mdash;Let
+      any Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear such and such a
+      Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am <i>here</i>, to wear
+      and obey anything!&mdash;Much, therefore, if not the whole, of that same
+      <i>Spirit of Clothes</i> I shall suppress, as hypothetical, ineffectual,
+      and even impertinent: naked Facts, and Deductions drawn therefrom in quite
+      another than that omniscient style, are my humbler and proper province."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+      contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least, the
+      boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon. Selection being
+      indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the most
+      cursory manner. This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by omnivorous
+      learning, and utmost patience and fairness: at the same time, in its
+      results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the Compilers
+      of some <i>Library</i> of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even Useless
+      Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages. Was it this Part
+      of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended us to that
+      joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of British
+      Literature"? If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it for their
+      own behoof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads us
+      into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+      cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+      ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval. Still less have we to do
+      with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he had
+      before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of
+      aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"&mdash;very needlessly, we think.
+      On this portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the <i>Adam-Kadmon</i>,
+      or Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation with the <i>Nifl</i>
+      and <i>Muspel</i> (Darkness and Light) of the antique North, it may be
+      enough to say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of Talmudic
+      and Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist in Britain
+      with something like astonishment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower
+      of Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable and
+      habilable globe. Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic, Scandinavian,
+      Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of every conceivable
+      kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as the Nurnbergers give
+      an <i>Orbis Pictus</i>) an <i>Orbis Vestitus</i>; or view of the costumes
+      of all mankind, in all countries, in all times. It is here that to the
+      Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say: Fall to! Here is
+      learning: an irregular Treasury, if you will; but inexhaustible as the
+      Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in twelve days, at the rate of
+      three journeys a day, could not carry off. Sheepskin cloaks and wampum
+      belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs; chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks,
+      Afghaun shawls, trunk-hose, leather breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though
+      breeches, as the name <i>Gallia Braccata</i> indicates, are the more
+      ancient), Hussar cloaks, Vandyke tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought
+      vividly before us,&mdash;even the Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten.
+      For most part, too, we must admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it
+      is, and tumbled down quite pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified
+      Learning, the drossy parts smelted out and thrown aside.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures of
+      human life. Of this sort the following has surprised us. The first purpose
+      of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or decency, but
+      ornament. "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition of the
+      Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of hair, which
+      with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him like a matted
+      cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick natural fell. He loitered
+      in the sunny glades of the forest, living on wild-fruits; or, as the
+      ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in morasses, lurking for his bestial
+      or human prey; without implements, without arms, save the ball of heavy
+      Flint, to which, that his sole possession and defence might not be lost,
+      he had attached a long cord of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well
+      as hurling it with deadly unerring skill. Nevertheless, the pains of
+      Hunger and Revenge once satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but
+      Decoration (<i>Putz</i>). Warmth he found in the toils of the chase; or
+      amid dried leaves, in his hollow tree, in his bark shed, or natural
+      grotto: but for Decoration he must have Clothes. Nay, among wild people,
+      we find tattooing and painting even prior to Clothes. The first spiritual
+      want of a barbarous man is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the
+      barbarous classes in civilized countries.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+      nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+      sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+      Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,&mdash;has descended,
+      like thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+      Anthropophagus! Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+      cometh forth sweetness. What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+      Time! For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+      continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality. Cast forth thy
+      Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe: it is a
+      seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will be found
+      flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a Hemlock-forest!) after
+      a thousand years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of <i>Movable
+      Types</i> was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and
+      Senates, and creating a whole new Democratic world: he had invented the
+      Art of Printing. The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and Charcoal
+      drove Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling: what will the last do?
+      Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under Thought, of Animal
+      courage under Spiritual. A simple invention it was in the old-world
+      Grazier,&mdash;sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country till he got
+      it bartered for corn or oil,&mdash;to take a piece of Leather, and thereon
+      scratch or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or <i>Pecus</i>); put it in his
+      pocket, and call it <i>Pecunia</i>, Money. Yet hereby did Barter grow
+      Sale, the Leather Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles have
+      been out-miracled: for there are Rothschilds and English National Debts;
+      and whoso has sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence) over all
+      men; commands cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him, kings to mount
+      guard over him,&mdash;to the length of sixpence.&mdash;Clothes too, which
+      began in foolishest love of Ornament, what have they not become! Increased
+      Security and pleasurable Heat soon followed: but what of these? Shame,
+      divine Shame (<i>Schaam</i>, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the
+      Anthropophagous bosom, arose there mysteriously under Clothes; a mystic
+      grove-encircled shrine for the Holy in man. Clothes gave us individuality,
+      distinctions, social polity; Clothes have made Men of us; they are
+      threatening to make Clothes-screens of us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a
+      Tool-using Animal (<i>Handthierendes Thier</i>). Weak in himself, and of
+      small stature, he stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of
+      some half-square foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs,
+      lest the very wind supplant him. Feeblest of bipeds! Three quintals are a
+      crushing load for him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like a
+      waste rag. Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools: with these the
+      granite mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing iron,
+      as if it were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds and fire his
+      unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without Tools; without Tools he
+      is nothing, with Tools he is all."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+      remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of
+      all that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best? Man is called a
+      Laughing Animal: but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it; and
+      is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher? Teufelsdrockh
+      himself, as we said, laughed only once. Still less do we make of that
+      other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for rigorous
+      scientific purposes, is as good as useless. Can a Tartar be said to cook,
+      when he only readies his steak by riding on it? Again, what Cookery does
+      the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his whale-blubber, as a marmot, in
+      the like case, might do? Or how would Monsieur Ude prosper among those
+      Orinoco Indians who, according to Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the
+      branches of trees; and, for half the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay,
+      the whole country being under water? But, on the other hand, show us the
+      human being, of any period or climate, without his Tools: those very
+      Caledonians, as we saw, had their Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no
+      brute has or can have.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt way;
+      "of which truth Clothes are but one example: and surely if we consider the
+      interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man, and those
+      Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons, we shall note
+      what progress he has made. He digs up certain black stones from the bosom
+      of the earth, and says to them, <i>Transport me and this luggage at the
+      rate of file-and-thirty miles an hour</i>; and they do it: he collects,
+      apparently by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight miscellaneous individuals,
+      and says to them, <i>Make this nation toil for us, bleed for us, hunger
+      and, sorrow and sin for us</i>; and they do it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0006" id="link2HCH0006">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. APRONS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that on <i>Aprons</i>.
+      What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose Apron, now
+      indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which proved
+      successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what though John
+      Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she would catch
+      her husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie and be a
+      bishop;" what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other Apron
+      worthies,&mdash;figure here? An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes even a
+      tone of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too clearly
+      discernible. What, for example, are we to make of such sentences as the
+      following?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to
+      modesty, sometimes to roguery. From the thin slip of notched silk (as it
+      were, the emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some highest-bred
+      housewife, sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes, has gracefully
+      fastened on; to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him with thongs, wherein
+      the Builder builds, and at evening sticks his trowel; or to those jingling
+      sheet-iron Aprons, wherein your otherwise half-naked Vulcans hammer and
+      smelt in their smelt-furnace,&mdash;is there not range enough in the
+      fashion and uses of this Vestment? How much has been concealed, how much
+      has been defended in Aprons! Nay, rightly considered, what is your whole
+      Military and Police Establishment, charged at uncalculated millions, but a
+      huge scarlet-colored, iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily
+      enough); guarding itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this
+      Devil's-smithy (<i>Teufels-schmiede</i>) of a world? But of all Aprons the
+      most puzzling to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock. Wherein
+      consists the usefulness of this Apron? The Overseer (<i>Episcopus</i>) of
+      Souls, I notice, has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were
+      done: what does he shadow forth thereby?" &amp;c. &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as
+      we shall now quote?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as a
+      new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+      encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval: nor is it
+      without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having in
+      view to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in
+      England."&mdash;We who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed
+      have reason to be thankful that hitherto there are other vents for our
+      Literature, exuberant as it is.&mdash;Teufelsdrockh continues: "If such
+      supply of printed Paper should rise so far as to choke up the highways and
+      public thoroughfares, new means must of necessity be had recourse to. In a
+      world existing by Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a destroying
+      element, and not as a creating one. However, Heaven is omnipotent, and
+      will find us an outlet. In the mean while, is it not beautiful to see five
+      million quintals of Rags picked annually from the Laystall; and annually,
+      after being macerated, hot-pressed, printed on, and sold,&mdash;returned
+      thither; filling so many hungry mouths by the way? Thus is the Laystall,
+      especially with its Rags or Clothes-rubbish, the grand Electric Battery,
+      and Fountain-of-motion, from which and to which the Social Activities
+      (like vitreous and resinous Electricities) circulate, in larger or smaller
+      circles, through the mighty, billowy, storm-tost chaos of Life, which they
+      keep alive!"&mdash;Such passages fill us, who love the man, and partly
+      esteem him, with a very mixed feeling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Farther down we meet with this: "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+      and Clergy: henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write not
+      of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped Broad-sheet
+      Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as this or the other
+      Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the world's ear. Of the
+      British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important of all, and wonderful
+      enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a valuable descriptive
+      History already exists, in that language, under the title of <i>Satan's
+      Invisible World Displayed</i>; which, however, by search in all the
+      Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring (<i>vermochte
+      night aufzutreiben</i>)."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore. Thus does Teufelsdrockh,
+      wandering in regions where he had little business, confound the old
+      authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new, spurious, imaginary
+      Historian of the <i>Brittische Journalistik</i>; and so stumble on perhaps
+      the most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0007" id="link2HCH0007">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic, when he
+      reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the Seventeenth
+      Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume. It is here that the
+      Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest. Fantastic
+      garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed each other,
+      like monster devouring monster in a Dream. The whole too in brief
+      authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of genius which
+      makes even old raiment live. Indeed, so learned, precise, graphical, and
+      every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that it may be thrown
+      out as a pertinent question for parties concerned, Whether or not a good
+      English Translation thereof might henceforth be profitably incorporated
+      with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work <i>On Ancient Armor</i>? Take, by way of
+      example, the following sketch; as authority for which Paulinus's <i>Zeitkurzende
+      Lust</i> (ii. 678) is, with seeming confidence, referred to:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+      might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again, and
+      see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin. But
+      happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is not
+      needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like a
+      Tree, whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie
+      peaceably underground. Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see
+      and know, how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his
+      place quite filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the
+      very Byron, in some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a
+      foreigner to his Europe. Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in
+      Clothes, as in all other external things whatsoever, no fashion will
+      continue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts, complicated
+      chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and fighting gear
+      have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has acquired
+      somewhat of a sign-post character,&mdash;I shall here say nothing: the
+      civil and pacific classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough for us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Rich men, I find, have <i>Teusinke</i> [a perhaps untranslatable
+      article]; also a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a
+      man walks, it is with continual jingling. Some few, of musical turn, have
+      a whole chime of bells (<i>Glockenspiel</i>) fastened there; which,
+      especially in sudden whirls, and the other accidents of walking, has a
+      grateful effect. Observe too how fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch
+      intersections. The male world wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang
+      bobbing over the side (<i>schief</i>): their shoes are peaked in front,
+      also to the length of an ell, and laced on the side with tags; even the
+      wooden shoes have their ell-long noses: some also clap bells on the peak.
+      Further, according to my authority, the men have breeches without seat (<i>ohne
+      Gesass</i>): these they fasten peakwise to their shirts; and the long
+      round doublet must overlap them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and
+      before, so that back and breast are almost bare. Wives of quality, on the
+      other hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains
+      there are boys to carry. Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their silk-cloth
+      Galley, with a Cupid for steersman! Consider their welts, a handbreadth
+      thick, which waver round them by way of hem; the long flood of silver
+      buttons, or rather silver shells, from throat to shoe, wherewith these
+      same welt-gowns are buttoned. The maidens have bound silver snoods about
+      their hair, with gold spangles, and pendent flames (<i>Flammen</i>), that
+      is, sparkling hair-drops: but of their mother's head-gear who shall speak?
+      Neither in love of grace is comfort forgotten. In winter weather you
+      behold the whole fair creation (that can afford it) in long mantles, with
+      skirts wide below, and, for hem, not one but two sufficient hand-broad
+      welts; all ending atop in a thick well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches
+      broad: these are their Ruff-mantles (<i>Kragenmantel</i>).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+      doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+      together with batter (<i>mit Teig zusammengekleistert</i>), which create
+      protuberance enough. Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the art
+      of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+      feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion of
+      any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call a real
+      love. None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes, or other
+      the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers so many, escape
+      him: more especially the mischances, or striking adventures, incident to
+      the wearers of such, are noticed with due fidelity. Sir Walter Raleigh's
+      fine mantle, which he spread in the mud under Queen Elizabeth's feet,
+      appears to provoke little enthusiasm in him; he merely asks, Whether at
+      that period the Maiden Queen "was red-painted on the nose, and
+      white-painted on the cheeks, as her tire-women, when from spleen and
+      wrinkles she would no longer look in any glass, were wont to serve her"?
+      We can answer that Sir Walter knew well what he was doing, and had the
+      Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment dyed in verdigris, would have done the
+      same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+      slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader parts
+      of the body, by introduction of Bran,&mdash;our Professor fails not to
+      comment on that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a chair
+      with some projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his <i>devoir</i>
+      on the entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several pecks of dry
+      wheat-dust: and stood there diminished to a spindle, his galloons and
+      slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him. Whereupon the Professor
+      publishes this reflection:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By what strange chances do we live in History? Erostratus by a torch;
+      Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by his
+      limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+      bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+      turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,&mdash;for
+      no Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him. Vain was the prayer of
+      Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting: my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+      Destiny, and read since it is written."&mdash;Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put
+      in mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting,
+      stands that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+      alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry,
+      in the late Colombian wars. A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal, is
+      provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it circular): in
+      the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long; through this the
+      mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and so rides shielded
+      from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for he rolls it about
+      his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and draperied."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity, and
+      Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of our
+      subject.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0008" id="link2HCH0008">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+      discussing merely the <i>Werden</i> (Origin and successive Improvement) of
+      Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+      Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their <i>Wirken</i>, or
+      Influences. It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure of
+      his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+      commences: all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+      venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it
+      to know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+      footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or mere
+      cloud, and may engulf us! Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to expound
+      the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he undertakes
+      to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand Proposition,
+      that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned together, and
+      held up, by Clothes." He says in so many words, "Society is founded upon
+      Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude on Cloth, as on a
+      Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and unclean beasts in
+      the Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle, would sink to
+      endless depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either case be no more."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation
+      this grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical Corollaries
+      are drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting.
+      Our Professor's method is not, in any case, that of common school Logic,
+      where the truths all stand in a row, each holding by the skirts of the
+      other; but at best that of practical Reason' proceeding by large Intuition
+      over whole systematic groups and kingdoms; whereby, we might say, a noble
+      complexity, almost like that of Nature, reigns in his Philosophy, or
+      spiritual Picture of Nature: a mighty maze, yet, as faith whispers, not
+      without a plan. Nay we complained above, that a certain ignoble
+      complexity, what we must call mere confusion, was also discernible. Often,
+      also, we have to exclaim: Would to Heaven those same Biographical
+      Documents were come! For it seems as if the demonstration lay much in the
+      Author's individuality; as if it were not Argument that had taught him,
+      but Experience. At present it is only in local glimpses, and by
+      significant fragments, picked often at wide-enough intervals from the
+      original Volume, and carefully collated, that we can hope to impart some
+      outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine. Readers of any intelligence are
+      once more invited to favor us with their most concentrated attention: let
+      these, after intense consideration, and not till then, pronounce, Whether
+      on the utmost verge of our actual horizon there is not a looming as of
+      Land; a promise of new Fortunate Islands, perhaps whole undiscovered
+      Americas, for such as have canvas to sail thither?&mdash;As exordium to
+      the whole, stand here the following long citation:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+      seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+      ask yourself that unanswerable question: Who am I; the thing that can say
+      'I' (<i>das Wesen das sich ICH nennt</i>)? The world, with its loud
+      trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+      and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all
+      the living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith
+      your Existence sits surrounded,&mdash;the sight reaches forth into the
+      void Deep, and you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with
+      it, as one mysterious Presence with another.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Who am I; what is this ME? A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;&mdash;some
+      embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind? <i>Cogito, ergo sum</i>.
+      Alas, poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way. Sure enough, I am;
+      and lately was not: but Whence? How? Whereto? The answer lies around,
+      written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+      wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature: but where
+      is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will yield
+      articulate meaning? We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+      Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century, lies
+      not even nearer the verge thereof: sounds and many-colored visions flit
+      round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream and
+      Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect not.
+      Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but the Sun
+      that made it lies behind us, hidden from us. Then, in that strange Dream,
+      how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances; and sleep deepest
+      while fancying ourselves most awake! Which of your Philosophical Systems
+      is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient, confidently given out,
+      where divisor and dividend are both unknown? What are all your national
+      Wars, with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary hate-filled Revolutions,
+      but the Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers? This Dreaming, this Somnambulism
+      is what we on Earth call Life; wherein the most indeed undoubtingly
+      wander, as if they knew right hand from left; yet they only are wise who
+      know that they know nothing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+      unproductive! The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's secret:
+      a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he suffers death,
+      the worst death, a spiritual. What are your Axioms, and Categories, and
+      Systems, and Aphorisms? Words, words. High Air-castles are cunningly built
+      of Words, the Words well bedded also in good Logic-mortar; wherein,
+      however, no Knowledge will come to lodge. <i>The whole is greater than the
+      part</i>: how exceedingly true! <i>Nature abhors a vacuum</i>: how
+      exceedingly false and calumnious! Again, <i>Nothing can act but where it
+      is</i>: with all my heart; only, WHERE is it? Be not the slave of Words:
+      is not the Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for it, and mourn
+      for it, Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor I stand on? But
+      that same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the first the
+      master-colors of our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas (the warp and
+      woof thereof) whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are painted.
+      Nevertheless, has not a deeper meditation taught certain of every climate
+      and age, that the WHERE and WHEN, so mysteriously inseparable from all our
+      thoughts, are but superficial terrestrial adhesions to thought; that the
+      Seer may discern them where they mount up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE
+      and FOREVER: have not all nations conceived their God as Omnipresent and
+      Eternal; as existing in a universal HERE, an everlasting Now? Think well,
+      thou too wilt find that Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so
+      likewise Time; there <i>is</i> no Space and no Time: WE are&mdash;we know
+      not what;&mdash;light-sparkles floating in the ether of Deity!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image,
+      our ME the only reality: and Nature, with its thousand-fold production and
+      destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy of our
+      Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in <i>Faust</i> names it, <i>the living
+      visible Garment of God</i>:&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of the
+      <i>Erdgeist</i>, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the
+      meaning thereof?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+      speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes. Strange
+      enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+      Tailored. The Horse I ride has his own whole fell: strip him of the girths
+      and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the noble
+      creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his own
+      boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the
+      valleys, with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein
+      warmth and easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also
+      have been considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color,
+      featly appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting. While I&mdash;good
+      Heaven!&mdash;have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of sheep,
+      the bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of oxen or seals,
+      the felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving Rag-screen, overheaped
+      with shreds and tatters raked from the Charnel-house of Nature, where they
+      would have rotted, to rot on me more slowly! Day after day, I must thatch
+      myself anew; day after day, this despicable thatch must lose some film of
+      its thickness; some film of it, frayed away by tear and wear, must be
+      brushed off into the Ashpit, into the Laystall; till by degrees the whole
+      has been brushed thither, and I, the dust-making, patent Rat-grinder, get
+      new material to grind down. O subter-brutish! vile! most vile! For have
+      not I too a compact all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier? Am I a botched
+      mass of tailors' and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated,
+      homogeneous little Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to
+      plainest facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live at
+      ease in the midst of Wonders and Terrors. But indeed man is, and was
+      always, a blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than to
+      think and consider. Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his absolute
+      lawgiver; mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose; thus let but
+      a Rising of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World happen <i>twice</i>,
+      and it ceases to be marvellous, to be noteworthy, or noticeable. Perhaps
+      not once in a lifetime does it occur to your ordinary biped, of any
+      country or generation, be he gold-mantled Prince or russet-jerkined
+      Peasant, that his Vestments and his Self are not one and indivisible; that
+      <i>he</i> is naked, without vestments, till he buy or steal such, and by
+      forethought sew and button them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and how,
+      reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and
+      demoralizes us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind;
+      almost as one feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season, you
+      see grazing deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped sacking),
+      in the meadows of Gouda. Nevertheless there is something great in the
+      moment when a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages; and sees
+      indeed that he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked straddling animal
+      with bandy legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable Mystery of
+      Mysteries."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0009" id="link2HCH0009">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. ADAMITISM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+      conclusion of the last Chapter. The Editor himself, on first glancing over
+      that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim: What, have we got not only
+      a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract? A new Adamite,
+      in this century, which flatters itself that it is the Nineteenth, and
+      destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+      and sexes derive from Clothes. For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+      pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling and
+      puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth into the
+      world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy blankets,
+      and bibs, and other nameless hulls? A terror to thyself and mankind! Or
+      hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst breeches, and thy
+      long clothes became short? The village where thou livedst was all apprised
+      of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed thy pudding-cheek, and
+      gave thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on that the first gala-day
+      of thy existence. Again, wert not thou, at one period of life, a Buck, or
+      Blood, or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy, or by whatever name,
+      according to year and place, such phenomenon is distinguished? In that one
+      word lie included mysterious volumes. Nay, now when the reign of folly is
+      over, or altered, and thy clothes are not for triumph but for defence,
+      hast thou always worn them perforce, and as a consequence of Man's Fall;
+      never rejoiced in them as in a warm movable House, a Body round thy Body,
+      wherein that strange THEE of thine sat snug, defying all variations of
+      Climate? Girt with thick double-milled kerseys; half buried under shawls
+      and broadbrims, and overalls and mudboots, thy very fingers cased in
+      doeskin and mittens, thou hast bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though
+      it were in wild winter, dashed through the world, glorying in it as if
+      thou wert its lord. In vain did the sleet beat round thy temples; it
+      lighted only on thy impenetrable, felted or woven, case of wool. In vain
+      did the winds howl,&mdash;forests sounding and creaking, deep calling unto
+      deep,&mdash;and the storms heap themselves together into one huge Arctic
+      whirlpool: thou flewest through the middle thereof, striking fire from the
+      highway; wild music hummed in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the
+      air;" the wreck of matter and the crash of worlds was thy element and
+      propitiously wafting tide. Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what
+      hadst thou been; what had thy fleet quadruped been?&mdash;Nature is good,
+      but she is not the best: here truly was the victory of Art over Nature. A
+      thunderbolt indeed might have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst
+      defy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+      said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+      indeed"? Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+      the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nowise, courteous reader! The Professor knows full well what he is saying;
+      and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong. If Clothes, in these
+      times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming value; can
+      they not be altered to serve better; must they of necessity be thrown to
+      the dogs? The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is no
+      Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go forth before this
+      degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do it, as those old
+      Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness. The utility of Clothes is
+      altogether apparent to him: nay perhaps he has an insight into their more
+      recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we might call the omnipotent
+      virtue of Clothes, such as was never before vouchsafed to any man. For
+      example:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the other
+      in coarse threadbare Blue: Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and anatomized;'
+      Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!) marches sorrowfully
+      to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his hour, and the surgeons
+      dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton for medical purposes. How
+      is this; or what make ye of your <i>Nothing can act but where it is</i>?
+      Red has no physical hold of Blue, no <i>clutch</i> of him, is nowise in <i>contact</i>
+      with him: neither are those ministering Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and
+      Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to commanding Red, that he can tug them
+      hither and thither; but each stands distinct within his own skin.
+      Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is it done: the articulated Word sets
+      all hands in Action; and Rope and Improved-drop perform their work.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold: First, that <i>Man is a
+      Spirit</i>, and bound by invisible bonds to <i>All Men</i>; secondly, that
+      <i>he wears Clothes</i>, which are the visible emblems of that fact. Has
+      not your Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a
+      plush-gown; whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?&mdash;Society,
+      which the more I think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon
+      Cloth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+      Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how the
+      ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke this is
+      presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and innumerable
+      Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are advancing
+      gallantly to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote privacy, to
+      form a clear picture of that solemnity,&mdash;on a sudden, as by some
+      enchanter's wand, the&mdash;shall I speak it?&mdash;the Clothes fly off
+      the whole dramatic corps; and Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed
+      Presence itself, every mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not a
+      shirt on them; and I know not whether to laugh or weep. This physical or
+      psychical infirmity, in which perhaps I am not singular, I have, after
+      hesitation, thought right to publish, for the solace of those afflicted
+      with the like."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret! Who
+      is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his
+      Morning Newspaper without a shudder? Hypochondriac men, and all men are to
+      a certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated. With what
+      readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows out
+      the consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes on to
+      draw:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+      the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate, in
+      very Deed, as here in Dream? <i>Ach Gott</i>! How each skulks into the
+      nearest hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (<i>Haupt- und
+      Staats-Action</i>) becomes a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the
+      worst kind of Farce; <i>the tables</i> (according to Horace), and with
+      them, the whole fabric of Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and
+      Civilized Society, <i>are dissolved</i>, in wails and howls."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+      naked House of Lords? Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils on
+      itself, and will not forward with the picture. The Woolsack, the
+      Ministerial, the Opposition Benches&mdash;<i>infandum! infandum</i>! And
+      yet why is the thing impossible? Was not every soul, or rather every body,
+      of these Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a
+      forked Radish with a head fantastically carved"? And why might he not, did
+      our stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as into
+      bed, in that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes, hold a
+      Bed of Justice? "Solace of those afflicted with the like!" Unhappy
+      Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical infirmity"
+      before? And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled confession (which
+      we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on by Critical and
+      Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably infect therewith! Art
+      thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the maddest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh, "in
+      how far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to
+      benefit of clergy, and English trial by jury: nay perhaps, considering his
+      high function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and Sovereign
+      armed with the <i>terrors</i> of the Law?), to a certain royal Immunity
+      and Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class of persons
+      are not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+      with a stick and red clout, to the market:' or if some drivers, as they do
+      in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle thereof
+      terrifies the boldest!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0010" id="link2HCH0010">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. PURE REASON.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is a
+      speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for
+      most part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which
+      we make so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and
+      "bladders with dried peas." To linger among such speculations, longer than
+      mere Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish. For our
+      purposes the simple fact that such a <i>Naked World</i> is possible, nay
+      actually exists (under the Clothed one), will be sufficient. Much,
+      therefore, we omit about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with Carmen,"
+      and the Kings being thrown: "dissect them with scalpels," says
+      Teufelsdrockh; "the same viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other
+      life-tackle, are there: examine their spiritual mechanism; the same great
+      Need, great Greed, and little Faculty; nay ten to one but the Carman, who
+      understands draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something of the laws
+      of unstable and stable equilibrium, with other branches of wagon-science,
+      and has actually put forth his hand and operated on Nature, is the more
+      cunningly gifted of the two. Whence, then, their so unspeakable
+      difference? From Clothes." Much also we shall omit about confusion of
+      Ranks, and Joan and My Lady, and how it would be everywhere "Hail fellow
+      well met," and Chaos were come again: all which to any one that has once
+      fairly pictured out the grand mother-idea, <i>Society in a state of
+      Nakedness</i>, will spontaneously suggest itself. Should some sceptical
+      individual still entertain doubts whether in a world without Clothes, the
+      smallest Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist, let him turn to
+      the original Volume, and view there the boundless Serbonian Bog of
+      Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential: over which we have
+      lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole nations might sink!
+      If indeed the following argument, in its brief riveting emphasis, be not
+      of itself incontrovertible and final:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo? Or how,
+      without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and true
+      pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a PURSE?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+      one knows not whether to hate or to love him. For though, in looking at
+      the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures,
+      he dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+      indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+      unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+      which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers,&mdash;there is
+      that within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past and
+      present Sansculottists. The grand unparalleled peculiarity of
+      Teufelsdrockh is, that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a
+      Transcendentalism, no less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he
+      degrade man below most animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on
+      the other, exalts him beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality
+      with the Gods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man? An omnivorous Biped
+      that wears Breeches. To the eye of Pure Reason what is he? A Soul, a
+      Spirit, and divine Apparition. Round his mysterious ME, there lies, under
+      all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses), contextured in the
+      Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like, and dwells with them
+      in UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for himself a Universe, with
+      azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of Years. Deep-hidden is he under
+      that strange Garment; amid Sounds and Colors and Forms, as it were,
+      swathed in, and inextricably over-shrouded: yet it is sky-woven, and
+      worthy of a God. Stands he not thereby in the centre of Immensities, in
+      the conflux of Eternities? He feels; power has been given him to know, to
+      believe; nay does not the spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval
+      brightness, even here, though but for moments, look through? Well said
+      Saint Chrysostom, with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:' where
+      else is the GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our
+      hearts, as in our fellow-man?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+      Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+      forth, as it were, in full flood: and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+      of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment, we
+      seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;&mdash;though,
+      alas, the grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from
+      view.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and
+      indeed, to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent. Nothing
+      that he sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:
+      thus, if in the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as well
+      as in the poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay,
+      Contemptibility; there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend Worth.
+      For Matter, were it never so despicable, is Spirit, the manifestation of
+      Spirit: were it never so honorable, can it be more? The thing Visible, nay
+      the thing Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as Visible, what is it
+      but a Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial Invisible,
+      "unimaginable formless, dark with excess of bright"? Under which point of
+      view the following passage, so strange in purport, so strange in phrase,
+      seems characteristic enough:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+      armed eyesight, till they become <i>transparent</i>. 'The Philosopher,'
+      says the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:' how
+      true! The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the
+      Lowest has mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in Arkwright
+      looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our
+      Imagination? Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love;
+      since all was created by God?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+      fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+      himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate, a
+      more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+      venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+      feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+      Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen of
+      so singular a Planet as ours. "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of Worship:
+      the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only at certain
+      stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a reign <i>in
+      partibus infidelium</i>." That progress of Science, which is to destroy
+      Wonder, and in its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration, finds
+      small favor with Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates these two
+      latter processes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted, or
+      even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's mind
+      become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere Tables
+      of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you call
+      Political Economy, are the Meal? And what is that Science, which the
+      scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's in the
+      Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute without
+      shadow of a heart,&mdash;but one other of the mechanical and menial
+      handicrafts, for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too
+      noble an organ? I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps
+      poisonous; at best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth;
+      does not live, like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading
+      harvests, bringing food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according to
+      ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with charitable
+      intent. Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and treble-pipe
+      Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these days, so
+      numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics' Institute of
+      Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings round their
+      Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as illuminated Sceptics,
+      walk abroad into peaceable society, in full daylight, with rattle and
+      lantern, and insist on guiding you and guarding you therewith, though the
+      Sun is shining, and the street populous with mere justice-loving men:"
+      that whole class is inexpressibly wearisome to him. Hear with what
+      uncommon animation he perorates:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and worship),
+      were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried the whole <i>Mecanique
+      Celeste</i> and <i>Hegel's Philosophy</i>, and the epitome of all
+      Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single head,&mdash;is
+      but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let those who have
+      Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world by
+      the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp of what
+      I call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or believe
+      nothing of it? Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes the
+      unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere under
+      our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle and
+      Temple, as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,&mdash;he shall be a
+      delirious Mystic; to him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively
+      proffer thy hand-lamp, and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his foot
+      through it?&mdash;<i>Armer Teufel</i>! Doth not thy cow calve, doth not
+      thy bull gender? Thou thyself, wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?
+      'Explain' me all this, or do one of two things: Retire into private places
+      with thy foolish cackle; or, what were better, give it up, and weep, not
+      that the reign of wonder is done, and God's world all disembellished and
+      prosaic, but that thou hitherto art a Dilettante and sand-blind Pedant."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0011" id="link2HCH0011">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. PROSPECTIVE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted it would
+      do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a cloud-capt,
+      almost chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in the far
+      distance, and streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly questionable
+      purport and promise of which it is becoming more and more important for us
+      to ascertain. Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries many a timid
+      wayfarer, or the reflex of Pandemonian lava? Is it of a truth leading us
+      into beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning marl of a
+      Hell-on-Earth?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives an
+      Editor enough to do. Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads us
+      to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views and
+      glances. For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a Whole:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist: 'If I take the wings of the morning and
+      dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.' Thou thyself,
+      O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a Prosaist,
+      knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the world where
+      at least FORCE is not? The drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand,
+      rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept away;
+      already on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic of
+      Cancer. How came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless? Thinkest thou
+      there is aught motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself: That little fire
+      which glows star-like across the dark-growing (<i>nachtende</i>) moor,
+      where the sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy
+      lost horse-shoe,&mdash;is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the
+      whole Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole? Thou fool, that
+      smithy-fire was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that
+      circulates from before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein,
+      with Iron Force, and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are
+      cunning affinities and battles and victories of Force brought about; it is
+      a little ganglion, or nervous centre, in the great vital system of
+      Immensity. Call it, if thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the
+      bosom of the All; whose iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence
+      reach quite through the All; whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by brain
+      and sinew, preaches forth the mystery of Force; nay preaches forth
+      (exoterically enough) one little textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the
+      Gospel of Man's Force, commanding, and one day to be all-commanding.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Detached, separated! I say there is no such separation: nothing hitherto
+      was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered leaf,
+      works together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless, shoreless
+      flood of Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses. The withered
+      leaf is not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and around it, though
+      working in inverse order; else how could it rot? Despise not the rag from
+      which man makes Paper, or the litter from which the earth makes Corn.
+      Rightly viewed no meanest object is insignificant; all objects are as
+      windows, through which the philosophic eye looks into Infinitude itself."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+      high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its own
+      account; strictly taken, is not there at all: Matter exists only
+      spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and <i>body</i> it forth. Hence
+      Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+      Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+      only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want. On the other hand, all
+      Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven: must
+      not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the else
+      invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like Spirits,
+      revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as we often see,
+      the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise) reveal such even
+      to the outward eye?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with Beauty,
+      with Curses, and the like. Nay, if you consider it, what is Man himself,
+      and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing or visible
+      Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a light-particle,
+      down from Heaven? Thus is he said also to be clothed with a Body.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Language is called the Garment of Thought: however, it should rather be,
+      Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought. I said that
+      Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she? Metaphors are her
+      stuff: examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+      (of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such, or
+      no longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+      colorless? If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+      the Flesh-Garment, Language,&mdash;then are Metaphors its muscles and
+      tissues and living integuments. An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain
+      seek for: is not your very <i>Attention</i> a <i>Stretching-to</i>? The
+      difference lies here: some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself
+      seems osseous; some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking;
+      while others again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth,
+      sometimes (as in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.
+      Moreover, there are sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same
+      Thought's-Body (best naked), and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering it
+      out, may be called its false stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks (<i>Putz-Mantel</i>),
+      and tawdry woollen rags: whereof he that runs and reads may gather whole
+      hampers,&mdash;and burn them."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see a more
+      surprisingly metaphorical? However, that is not our chief grievance; the
+      Professor continues:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why multiply instances? It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+      fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are: the Time-vesture of the
+      Eternal. Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+      Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season,
+      and to be laid off. Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES, rightly
+      understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed, done, and
+      been: the whole External Universe and what it holds is but Clothing; and
+      the essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF CLOTHES."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on the
+      impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+      difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling. Till
+      lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected Aid of
+      Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into the red
+      of morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain whether dawn of
+      day or dusk of utter darkness. For the last week, these so-called
+      Biographical Documents are in his hand. By the kindness of a Scottish
+      Hamburg Merchant, whose name, known to the whole mercantile world, he must
+      not mention; but whose honorable courtesy, now and often before
+      spontaneously manifested to him, a mere literary stranger, he cannot soon
+      forget,&mdash;the bulky Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its Custom-house
+      seals, foreign hieroglyphs, and miscellaneous tokens of Travel, arrived
+      here in perfect safety, and free of cost. The reader shall now fancy with
+      what hot haste it was broken up, with what breathless expectation glanced
+      over; and, alas, with what unquiet disappointment it has, since then, been
+      often thrown down, and again taken up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+      Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+      trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already: that
+      however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science originating
+      in the Head (<i>Verstand</i>) alone, no Life-Philosophy (<i>Lebensphilosophie</i>),
+      such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which originates equally in the
+      Character (<i>Gemuth</i>), and equally speaks thereto, can attain its
+      significance till the Character itself is known and seen; "till the
+      Author's View of the World (<i>Weltansicht</i>), and how he actively and
+      passively came by such view, are clear: in short till a Biography of him
+      has been philosophico-poetically written, and philosophico-poetically
+      read.... Nay," adds he, "were the speculative scientific Truth even known,
+      you still, in this inquiring age, ask yourself, Whence came it, and Why,
+      and How?&mdash;and rest not, till, if no better may be, Fancy have shaped
+      out an answer; and either in the authentic lineaments of Fact, or the
+      forged ones of Fiction, a complete picture and Genetical History of the
+      Man and his spiritual Endeavor lies before you. But why," says the
+      Hofrath, and indeed say we, "do I dilate on the uses of our
+      Teufelsdrockh's Biography? The great Herr Minister von Goethe has
+      penetratingly remarked that Man is properly the <i>only</i> object that
+      interests man:' thus I too have noted, that in Weissnichtwo our whole
+      conversation is little or nothing else but Biography or Autobiography;
+      ever humano-anecdotical (<i>menschlich-anekdotisch</i>). Biography is by
+      nature the most universally profitable, universally pleasant of all
+      things: especially Biography of distinguished individuals.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By this time, <i>mein Verehrtester</i> (my Most Esteemed)," continues he,
+      with an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from Teufelsdrockh,
+      or some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh unaccountable, "by this
+      time you are fairly plunged (<i>vertieft</i>) in that mighty forest of
+      Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers do, with
+      astonishment enough. Such portions and passages as you have already
+      mastered, and brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange curiosity
+      touching the mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled psychical
+      mechanism, which manufactured such matter, and emitted it to the light of
+      day. Had Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he, at one time, wear
+      drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat? Did he ever, in rapture and tears,
+      clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also wistfully into the long
+      burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds, and their low harsh moan, give
+      inarticulate answer? Has he fought duels;&mdash;good Heaven! how did he
+      comport himself when in Love? By what singular stair-steps, in short, and
+      subterranean passages, and sloughs of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has
+      he reached this wonderful prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry)
+      where he now dwells?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+      silent. Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+      from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has parted
+      with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad cookery,
+      blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for they have let
+      him pass), has had the Bill to discharge. But the whole particulars of his
+      Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque Sketches he took, though
+      all regularly jotted down (in indelible sympathetic-ink by an invisible
+      interior Penman), are these nowhere forthcoming? Perhaps quite lost: one
+      other leaf of that mighty Volume (of human Memory) left to fly abroad,
+      unprinted, unpublished, unbound up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport
+      of rainy winds?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "No, <i>verehrtester Herr Herausgeber</i>, in no wise! I here, by the
+      unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only,
+      but an Autobiography: at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+      misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight: and so the
+      whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to the
+      wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through Hindostan,
+      and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (<i>einnehmen</i>) great
+      part of this terrestrial Planet!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in place of
+      this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find&mdash;Six
+      considerable PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in
+      gilt China-ink, with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs,
+      beginning at Libra; in the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous
+      masses of Sheets, and oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's scarce legible <i>cursiv-schrift</i>; and treating of all
+      imaginable things under the Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal
+      history only at rare intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here, speaking
+      in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once named.
+      Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological
+      Disquisition, "Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The continued
+      Possibility of Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite private, not
+      unimportant Biographical fact. On certain sheets stand Dreams, authentic
+      or not, while the circumjacent waking Actions are omitted. Anecdotes,
+      oftenest without date of place or time, fly loosely on separate slips,
+      like Sibylline leaves. Interspersed also are long purely Autobiographical
+      delineations; yet without connection, without recognizable coherence; so
+      unimportant, so superfluously minute, they almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk
+      of this Parish." Thus does famine of intelligence alternate with waste.
+      Selection, order, appears to be unknown to the Professor. In all Bags the
+      same imbroglio; only perhaps in the Bag <i>Capricorn</i>, and those near
+      it, the confusion a little worse confounded. Close by a rather eloquent
+      Oration, "On receiving the Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked <i>bezahlt</i>
+      (settled). His Travels are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the
+      various cities he has visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most
+      living tongues, here is perhaps the completest collection extant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+      instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which
+      by intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it! As we shall
+      perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in the
+      British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them, may be
+      spared. Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is, clearly
+      enough, none to be gleaned here: at most some sketchy, shadowy fugitive
+      likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of intellect, partly of
+      imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader, rise up between them.
+      Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that aqueous-chaotic Volume can the
+      contents of the Six Bags hover round us, and portions thereof be
+      incorporated with our delineation of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles) deciphering
+      these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed <i>cursiv-schrift</i>;
+      collating them with the almost equally unimaginable Volume, which stands
+      in legible print. Over such a universal medley of high and low, of hot,
+      cold, moist and dry, is he here struggling (by union of like with like,
+      which is Method) to build a firm Bridge for British travellers. Never
+      perhaps since our first Bridge-builders, Sin and Death, built that
+      stupendous Arch from Hell-gate to the Earth, did any Pontifex, or Pontiff,
+      undertake such a task as the present Editor. For in this Arch too,
+      leading, as we humbly presume, far otherwards than that grand primeval
+      one, the materials are to be fished up from the weltering deep, and down
+      from the simmering air, here one mass, there another, and cunningly
+      cemented, while the elements boil beneath: nor is there any supernatural
+      force to do it with; but simply the Diligence and feeble thinking Faculty
+      of an English Editor, endeavoring to evolve printed Creation out of a
+      German printed and written Chaos, wherein, as he shoots to and fro in it,
+      gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to the far-distant Wherefore, his
+      whole Faculty and Self are like to be swallowed up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+      dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+      fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little but
+      an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for. What is the use of health, or
+      of life, if not to do some work therewith? And what work nobler than
+      transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic soil; except indeed
+      planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are privileged to do? Wild
+      as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we ever reach its real
+      meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the first dim rudiments and
+      already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in Universal History. Is not such a
+      prize worth some striving? Forward with us, courageous reader; be it
+      towards failure, or towards success! The latter thou sharest with us; the
+      former also is not all our own.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0013" id="link2H_4_0013">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BOOK II.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0012" id="link2HCH0012">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. GENESIS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether from
+      birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight is to be
+      gained. Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning remains always
+      the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great man, we rest not
+      till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole circumstances of his
+      first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of Public Entry he made,
+      are with utmost completeness rendered manifest. To the Genesis of our
+      Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter consecrated. Unhappily,
+      indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure extraction; uncertain, we might
+      almost say, whether of any: so that this Genesis of his can properly be
+      nothing but an Exodus (or transit out of Invisibility into Visibility);
+      whereof the preliminary portion is nowhere forthcoming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag <i>Libra</i>, on
+      various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas Futteral
+      and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful though now
+      verging towards old age. Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant, and even
+      regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but now, quitting the
+      halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook, cultivated a little
+      Orchard, on the produce of which he, Cincinnatus-like, lived not without
+      dignity. Fruits, the peach, the apple, the grape, with other varieties
+      came in their season; all which Andreas knew how to sell: on evenings he
+      smoked largely, or read (as beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and
+      talked to neighbors that would listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and
+      how Fritz the Only (<i>der Einzige</i>) had once with his own royal lips
+      spoken to him, had been pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel
+      demanded the pass-word, '<i>Schweig Hund</i> (Peace, hound)!' before any
+      of his staff-adjutants could answer. '<i>Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig</i>,
+      There is what I call a King,' would Andreas exclaim: 'but the smoke of
+      Kunersdorf was still smarting his eyes.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than the
+      looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+      subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (<i>wer
+      kann die Weiberchen dressiren</i>):' nevertheless she at heart loved him
+      both for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and
+      Regiment's Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid: what you
+      see, yet cannot see over, is as good as infinite. Nay, was not Andreas in
+      very deed a man of order, courage, downrightness (<i>Geradheit</i>); that
+      understood Busching's <i>Geography</i>, had been in the victory of
+      Rossbach, and left for dead in the camisade of Hochkirch? The good
+      Gretchen, for all her fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as
+      only a true house-mother can: assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured
+      for him; so that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but
+      the whole habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung,
+      looked ever trim and gay: a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in
+      fruit-trees and forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising
+      many-colored from amid shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in through
+      the very windows; under its long projecting eaves nothing but garden-tools
+      in methodic piles (to screen them from rain), and seats where, especially
+      on summer nights, a King might have wished to sit and smoke, and call it
+      his. Such a Bauergut (Copyhold) had Gretchen given her veteran; whose
+      sinewy arms, and long-disused gardening talent, had made it what you saw.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when
+      the Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless
+      journey visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (<i>Libra</i>), it
+      was that a Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave
+      salutation, stood before the two rather astonished housemates. He was
+      close-muffled in a wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding, he
+      deposited therefrom what seemed some Basket, overhung with green Persian
+      silk; saying only: <i>Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein unschatzbares
+      Verleihen; nehmt es in aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt es: mit hohem
+      Lohn, oder wohl mit schweren Zinsen, wird's einst zuruckgefordert</i>.
+      'Good Christian people, here lies for you an invaluable Loan; take all
+      heed thereof, in all carefulness employ it: with high recompense, or else
+      with heavy penalty, will it one day be required back.' Uttering which
+      singular words, in a clear, bell-like, forever memorable tone, the
+      Stranger gracefully withdrew; and before Andreas or his wife, gazing in
+      expectant wonder, had time to fashion either question or answer, was clean
+      gone. Neither out of doors could aught of him be seen or heard; he had
+      vanished in the thickets, in the dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly
+      closed: the Stranger was gone once and always. So sudden had the whole
+      transaction been, in the autumn stillness and twilight, so gentle,
+      noiseless, that the Futterals could have fancied it all a trick of
+      Imagination, or some visit from an authentic Spirit. Only that the
+      green-silk Basket, such as neither Imagination nor authentic Spirits are
+      wont to carry, still stood visible and tangible on their little
+      parlor-table. Towards this the astonished couple, now with lit candle,
+      hastily turned their attention. Lifting the green veil, to see what
+      invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid down and rich white
+      wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but, in the softest sleep,
+      a little red-colored Infant! Beside it, lay a roll of gold Friedrichs, the
+      exact amount of which was never publicly known; also a <i>Taufschein</i>
+      (baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately nothing but the Name was
+      decipherable, other document or indication none whatever.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+      Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire of
+      any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had passed
+      through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with this
+      Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise. Meanwhile, for
+      Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was: What to do with
+      this little sleeping red-colored Infant? Amid amazements and curiosities,
+      which had to die away without external satisfying, they resolved, as in
+      such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must, on nursing it,
+      though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible into manhood. The
+      Heavens smiled on their endeavor: thus has that same mysterious Individual
+      ever since had a status for himself in this visible Universe, some modicum
+      of victual and lodging and parade-ground; and now expanded in bulk,
+      faculty and knowledge of good and evil, he, as HERR DIOGENES
+      TEUFELSDROCKH, professes or is ready to profess, perhaps not altogether
+      without effect, in the new University of Weissnichtwo, the new Science of
+      Things in General."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+      that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral, In
+      his twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite
+      indelible impression. Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that glided
+      into the Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as on
+      spirit's wings, glided out again, might be? An inexpressible desire, full
+      of love and of sadness, has often since struggled within me to shape an
+      answer. Ever, in my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy turned, full
+      of longing (<i>sehnsuchtsvoll</i>), to that unknown Father, who perhaps
+      far from me, perhaps near, either way invisible, might have taken me to
+      his paternal bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe. Thou beloved
+      Father, dost thou still, shut out from me only by thin penetrable curtains
+      of earthly Space, wend to and fro among the crowd of the living? Or art
+      thou hidden by those far thicker curtains of the Everlasting Night, or
+      rather of the Everlasting Day, through which my mortal eye and
+      outstretched arms need not strive to reach? Alas, I know not, and in vain
+      vex myself to know. More than once, heart-deluded, have I taken for thee
+      this and the other noble-looking Stranger; and approached him wistfully,
+      with infinite regard; but he too had to repel me, he too was not thou.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of his
+      sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar? Hadst thou, any more than I,
+      a Father whom thou knowest? The Andreas and Gretchen, or the Adam and Eve,
+      who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed thee there,
+      whom thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine, but thy
+      nursing-father and nursing-mother: thy true Beginning and Father is in
+      Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only with
+      the spiritual....
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+      embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+      Diogenes Teufelsdrockh. From the veil can nothing be inferred: a piece of
+      now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others. On the Name I have
+      many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay there any
+      clew. That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to believe. To
+      no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's Books, in and without
+      the German Empire, and through all manner of Subscriber-Lists (<i>Pranumeranten</i>),
+      Militia-Rolls, and other Name-catalogues; extraordinary names as we have
+      in Germany, the name Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to my own person,
+      nowhere occurs. Again, what may the unchristian rather than Christian
+      'Diogenes' mean? Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such
+      designation, to shadow forth my future destiny, or his own present malign
+      humor? Perhaps the latter, perhaps both. Thou ill-starred Parent, who like
+      an Ostrich hadst to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into
+      self-support by the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have
+      been a smooth one? Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed
+      by the worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct. Often have I fancied
+      how, in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+      hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit (<i>Zeitgeist</i>)
+      in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee was seered into
+      grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave in me an indignant
+      appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest against the Devil, as
+      that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time itself, is well named!
+      Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add, was not perhaps quite
+      lost in air.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+      all, in Names. The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+      earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously (for
+      there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the very
+      skin. And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send
+      inwards, even to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times, when
+      the whole soul is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain will
+      grow to be an all overshadowing tree! Names? Could I unfold the influence
+      of Names, which are the most important of all Clothings, I were a second
+      greater Trismegistus. Not only all common Speech, but Science, Poetry
+      itself is no other, if thou consider it, than a right <i>Naming</i>.
+      Adam's first task was giving names to natural Appearances: what is ours
+      still but a continuation of the same; be the Appearances exotic-vegetable,
+      organic, mechanic, stars, or starry movements (as in Science); or (as in
+      Poetry) passions, virtues, calamities, God-attributes, Gods?&mdash;In a
+      very plain sense the Proverb says, <i>Call one a thief, and he will steal</i>;
+      in an almost similar sense may we not perhaps say, <i>Call one Diogenes
+      Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the Philosophy of Clothes</i>?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+      his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+      out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word, by
+      all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a whole
+      infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring daily
+      to acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe where he
+      had arrived, be his task therein what it might. Infinite was his progress;
+      thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle of&mdash;Speech!
+      To breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh (celestial) Egg;
+      wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by degrees organic elements
+      and fibres shoot through the watery albumen; and out of vague Sensation
+      grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and we have Philosophies,
+      Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive had they
+      in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high
+      consummations, by quick yet easy stages. The Futterals, to avoid vain
+      talk, and moreover keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that he
+      was a grandnephew; the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly
+      deceased, in Andreas's distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of her
+      indigent sorrowing widower, little enough was known at Entepfuhl. Heedless
+      of all which, the Nursling took to his spoon-meat, and throve. I have
+      heard him noted as a still infant, that kept his mind much to himself;
+      above all, that seldom or never cried. He already felt that time was
+      precious; that he had other work cut out for him than whimpering."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these miscellaneous
+      Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr Teufelsdrockh's
+      genealogy. More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem to few readers than
+      to us. The Professor, in whom truly we more and more discern a certain
+      satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish whim, for the present
+      stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him: but seems it not
+      conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral," or some other perhaps
+      interested party, he has himself been deceived? Should these sheets,
+      translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl Circulating Library, some
+      cultivated native of that district might feel called to afford
+      explanation. Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts, permeate the whole
+      habitable globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe from British Literature,
+      may not some Copy find out even the mysterious basket-bearing Stranger,
+      who in a state of extreme senility perhaps still exists; and gently force
+      even him to disclose himself; to claim openly a son, in whom any father
+      may feel pride?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0013" id="link2HCH0013">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. IDYLLIC.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh: "Kind Nature, that
+      art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+      auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing of
+      Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round (<i>umgaukelt</i>)
+      by sweetest Dreams! If the paternal Cottage still shuts us in, its roof
+      still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet, priest and king,
+      and an Obedience that makes us free. The young spirit has awakened out of
+      Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet Time is no
+      fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to the child are
+      as ages: ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or quicker decay
+      and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric, from the granite
+      mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in a motionless
+      Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling Universe is
+      forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair Child, for thy
+      long rough journey is at hand! A little while, and thou too shalt sleep no
+      more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles; thou too, with old
+      Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience: 'Rest? Rest? Shall I not have
+      all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe! though a Pyrrhus conquer
+      empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he finds thee not; and thou hast
+      once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on the eyelids, on the heart of
+      every mother's child. For as yet, sleep and waking are one: the fair
+      Life-garden rustles infinite around, and everywhere is dewy fragrance, and
+      the budding of Hope; which budding, if in youth, too frost-nipt, it grow
+      to flowers, will in manhood yield no fruit, but a prickly, bitter-rinded
+      stone-fruit, of which the fewest can find the kernel."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look
+      back on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing of
+      much other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an
+      almost wearisome minuteness. We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+      derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+      extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+      beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black Sea,
+      into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+      stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all other
+      rows and clumps, towered up from the central <i>Agora</i> and <i>Campus
+      Martius</i> of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat
+      talking under its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the
+      wearied laborers reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the
+      young men and maidens often danced to flute-music. "Glorious summer
+      twilights," cries Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror and
+      Imperial Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple emblazonry, and
+      all his fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and the tired
+      brickmakers of this clay Earth might steal a little frolic, and those few
+      meek Stars would not tell of them!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Then we have long details of the <i>Weinlesen</i> (Vintage), the
+      Harvest-Home, Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the Entepfuhl
+      Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial shades from
+      those of other countries. Concerning all which, we shall here, for obvious
+      reasons, say nothing. What cares the world for our as yet miniature
+      Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "? Or even where
+      is the use of such practical reflections as the following? "In all the
+      sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages and
+      defacements, you shall discern a creative instinct (<i>schaffenden Trieb</i>):
+      the Mankin feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is to work. The
+      choicest present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or pen-gun, for
+      construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work, for Change. In
+      gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains himself to
+      Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed: the little Maid
+      again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with preference to Dolls."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+      relates it: "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather, I
+      should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and indivisible,
+      reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs: of which fashion
+      how little could I then divine the architectural, how much less the moral
+      significance!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      More graceful is the following little picture: "On fine evenings I was
+      wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+      out-of-doors. On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach by
+      climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+      pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed: there, many a sunset, have I,
+      looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish, my
+      evening meal. Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+      expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless I
+      was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+      gilding."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not
+      much intermeddle. It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper
+      sympathy with animated Nature:" but when, we would ask, saw any man, in a
+      collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this: "Impressive
+      enough (<i>bedeutungsvoll</i>) was it to hear, in early morning, the
+      Swineherd's horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds were, on
+      all sides, starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on the Heath.
+      Or to see them at eventide, all marching in again, with short squeak,
+      almost in military order; and each, topographically correct, trotting off
+      in succession to the right or left, through its own lane, to its own
+      dwelling; till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone, blew his
+      last blast, and retired for the night. We are wont to love the Hog chiefly
+      in the form of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned beings here
+      manifest intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any rate, a
+      touching, trustful submissiveness to Man,&mdash;who, were he but a
+      Swineherd, in darned gabardine, and leather breeches more resembling slate
+      or discolored-tin breeches, is still the Hierarch of this lower world?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius is
+      quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+      favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+      childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+      dunces. Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+      inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver: the inner man of
+      the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+      crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has
+      exuded and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at
+      the bottom of his stomach. "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh, "I
+      should as soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by favorable
+      or unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into a cabbage,
+      or the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence
+      of early culture and nurture: hereby we have either a doddered dwarf bush,
+      or a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow cabbage, or
+      an edible luxuriant green one. Of a truth, it is the duty of all men,
+      especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+      characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+      hindered, what in any way modified it: to which duty, nowadays so pressing
+      for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address myself."&mdash;Thou
+      rogue! Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and swineherd horns, that
+      an infant of genius is educated? And yet, as usual, it ever remains
+      doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at these Autobiographical
+      times of ours, or writing from the abundance of his own fond ineptitude.
+      For he continues: "If among the ever-streaming currents of Sights,
+      Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as in a Magic Hall,
+      young Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to select and
+      specify, perhaps these following were also of the number:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the
+      young creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency
+      given him by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+      battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect,
+      could not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.' Eagerly I
+      hung upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from
+      these perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a dim
+      world of Adventure expanded itself within me. Incalculable also was the
+      knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the Linden-tree: the
+      whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these reverend seniors,
+      talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys thereof for nigh
+      fourscore years? With amazement I began to discover that Entepfuhl stood
+      in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there was such a thing as
+      History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by hand and tongue, might
+      contribute.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In a like sense worked the <i>Postwagen</i> (Stage-coach), which,
+      slow-rolling under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our
+      Village: northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly
+      at eventide. Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen
+      could be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere Law
+      of Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways, from far
+      cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous shuttle into
+      closer and closer union. It was then that, independently of Schiller's <i>Wilhelm
+      Tell</i>, I made this not quite insignificant reflection (so true also in
+      spiritual things): <i>Any road, this simple Entepfuhl road, will lead you
+      to the end of the World</i>!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+      threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+      belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of May,
+      snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby? The hospitable Father (for cleanliness'
+      sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest: there they built,
+      and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I chiefly, from the
+      heart loved them. Bright, nimble creatures, who taught you the
+      mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic incorporation, almost
+      social police? For if, by ill chance, and when time pressed, your House
+      fell, have I not seen five neighborly Helpers appear next day; and
+      swashing to and fro, with animated, loud, long-drawn chirpings, and
+      activity almost super-hirundine, complete it again before nightfall?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture, where as
+      in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and simultaneously
+      poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair. Here, assembling from all
+      the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable hurry-burly. Nut-brown
+      maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed, loud-laughing, bedizened and
+      beribanded; who came for dancing, for treating, and if possible, for
+      happiness. Topbooted Graziers from the North; Swiss Brokers, Italian
+      Drovers, also topbooted, from the South; these with their subalterns in
+      leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and long ox-goads; shouting in
+      half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate barking and bellowing. Apart
+      stood Potters from far Saxony, with their crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg
+      Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen
+      from the Lago Maggiore; detachments of the <i>Wiener Schub</i>
+      (Offscourings of Vienna) vociferously superintending games of chance.
+      Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (<i>heuriger</i>)
+      flowed like water, still worse confounding the confusion; and high over
+      all, vaulted, in ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew,
+      like the genius of the place and of Life itself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+      Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes
+      of contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+      shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,&mdash;did the
+      Child sit and learn. These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime
+      he was to syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World: what
+      matters it whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small
+      ungilt ones, so you have an eye to read it? For Gneschen, eager to learn,
+      the very act of looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded all: his
+      existence was a bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as in
+      Prospero's Island, wonder after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach by
+      charming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my
+      felicity was perfect. I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into the
+      Earth. Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even in
+      childhood a dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and often
+      quite overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader and
+      broader; till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy, and
+      threatened to engulf me in final night. It was the ring of Necessity
+      whereby we are all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun brightens
+      it into a ring of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful prismatic
+      diffractions; yet ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole being, it is
+      there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+      much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly to
+      look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+      understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that. If good
+      Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+      the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most. In
+      all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+      Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished? On
+      the other side, however, things went not so well. My Active Power (<i>Thatkraft</i>)
+      was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many traces yet abide
+      with me! In an orderly house, where the litter of children's sports is
+      hateful enough, your training is too stoical; rather to bear and forbear
+      than to make and do. I was forbid much: wishes in any measure bold I had
+      to renounce; everywhere a strait bond of Obedience inflexibly held me
+      down. Thus already Freewill often came in painful collision with
+      Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at seasons the Child itself might
+      taste that root of bitterness, wherewith the whole fruitage of our life is
+      mingled and tempered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer to
+      err by excess than by defect. Obedience is our universal duty and destiny;
+      wherein whoso will not bend must break: too early and too thoroughly we
+      cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of ours, is as mere
+      zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of fractions even to
+      Shall. Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly Discretion, nay of
+      Morality itself. Let me not quarrel with my upbringing. It was rigorous,
+      too frugal, compressively secluded, every way unscientific: yet in that
+      very strictness and domestic solitude might there not lie the root of
+      deeper earnestness, of the stem from which all noble fruit must grow?
+      Above all, how unskilful soever, it was loving, it was well-meant, honest;
+      whereby every deficiency was helped. My kind Mother, for as such I must
+      ever love the good Gretchen, did me one altogether invaluable service: she
+      taught me, less indeed by word than by act and daily reverent look and
+      habitude, her own simple version of the Christian Faith. Andreas too
+      attended Church; yet more like a parade-duty, for which he in the other
+      world expected pay with arrears,&mdash;as, I trust, he has received; but
+      my Mother, with a true woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense,
+      was in the strictest acceptation Religious. How indestructibly the Good
+      grows, and propagates itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil!
+      The highest whom I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe
+      unspeakable, before a Higher in Heaven: such things, especially in
+      infancy, reach inwards to the very core of your being; mysteriously does a
+      Holy of Holies build itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and
+      Reverence, the divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean
+      envelopment of Fear. Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew,
+      were it never so rudely, there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's
+      son that only knew there were two-and-thirty quarters on the
+      family-coach?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which last question we must answer: Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+      spiritual pride!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0014" id="link2HCH0014">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. PEDAGOGY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+      borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed, and
+      much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his soft hazel
+      eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still intelligence) called
+      upon for little voluntary movement there. Hitherto, accordingly, his
+      aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient Philosopher and Poet in the
+      abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr Heuschrecke himself to say wherein
+      the special Doctrine of Clothes is as yet foreshadowed or betokened. For
+      with Gneschen, as with others, the Man may indeed stand pictured in the
+      Boy (at least all the pigments are there); yet only some half of the Man
+      stands in the Child, or young Boy, namely, his Passive endowment, not his
+      Active. The more impatient are we to discover what figure he cuts in this
+      latter capacity; how, when, to use his own words, "he understands the
+      tools a little, and can handle this or that," he will proceed to handle
+      it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our
+      Philosopher's history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:
+      nay perhaps in that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity"
+      of his, which, with no free development of the antagonist Activity,
+      distinguished his childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that, in
+      after days, and still in these present days, astonishes the world. For the
+      shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without Activity of any
+      kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man with Activity almost
+      superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden, enigmatic, that no mortal
+      can foresee its explosions, or even when it has exploded, so much as
+      ascertain its significance. A dangerous, difficult temper for the modern
+      European; above all, disadvantageous in the hero of a Biography! Now as
+      heretofore it will behoove the Editor of these pages, were it never so
+      unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man
+      of letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books. On this portion of his
+      History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent. Reading he
+      "cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature. He
+      says generally: "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+      depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken. I learned what
+      others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head, seeing as yet
+      no manner of use in it. My Schoolmaster, a down-bent, broken-hearted,
+      underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did little for me, except
+      discover that he could do little: he, good soul, pronounced me a genius,
+      fit for the learned professions; and that I must be sent to the Gymnasium,
+      and one day to the University. Meanwhile, what printed thing soever I
+      could meet with I read. My very copper pocket-money I laid out on
+      stall-literature; which, as it accumulated, I with my own hands sewed into
+      volumes. By this means was the young head furnished with a considerable
+      miscellany of things and shadows of things: History in authentic fragments
+      lay mingled with Fabulous chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the
+      whole not as dead stuff, but as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a
+      mind as yet so peptic."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know. Indeed, already
+      in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there may have
+      been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms of a spirit
+      singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical. Thus, to say nothing of his
+      Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that earlier period,
+      have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their twelfth year, on such
+      reflections as the following? "It struck me much, as I sat by the Kuhbach,
+      one silent noontide, and watched it flowing, gurgling, to think how this
+      same streamlet had flowed and gurgled, through all changes of weather and
+      of fortune, from beyond the earliest date of History. Yes, probably on the
+      morning when Joshua forded Jordan; even as at the mid-day when Caesar,
+      doubtless with difficulty, swam the Nile, yet kept his <i>Commentaries</i>
+      dry,&mdash;this little Kuhbach, assiduous as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was
+      murmuring on across the wilderness, as yet unnamed, unseen: here, too, as
+      in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is a vein or veinlet of the grand
+      World-circulation of Waters, which, with its atmospheric arteries, has
+      lasted and lasts simply with the World. Thou fool! Nature alone is
+      antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that idle crag thou sittest on is
+      six thousand years of age." In which little thought, as in a little
+      fountain, may there not lie the beginning of those well-nigh unutterable
+      meditations on the grandeur and mystery of TIME, and its relation to
+      ETERNITY, which play such a part in this Philosophy of Clothes?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers so
+      lyrical and joyful as over his childhood. Green sunny tracts there are
+      still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+      stagnating into sour marshes of discontent. "With my first view of the
+      Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began. Well do I still
+      remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope by
+      the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place, and
+      saw its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and <i>Schuldthurm</i> (Jail),
+      and the aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast: a little
+      dog, in mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps had tied a tin
+      kettle to its tail; thus did the agonized creature, loud-jingling, career
+      through the whole length of the Borough, and become notable enough. Fit
+      emblem of many a Conquering Hero, to whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense,
+      as it often elsewhere does) has malignantly appended a tin kettle of
+      Ambition, to chase him on; which the faster he runs, urges him the faster,
+      the more loudly and more foolishly! Fit emblem also of much that awaited
+      myself, in that mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion
+      and epitome!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance: I was
+      among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards me; the
+      young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone." His
+      school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him: "They were Boys," he says,
+      "mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which bids the
+      deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to death any
+      broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong tyrannize
+      over the weak." He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual degree
+      morally courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain have
+      avoided it; a result, as would appear, owing less to his small personal
+      stature (for in passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"), than to
+      his "virtuous principles:" "if it was disgraceful to be beaten," says he,
+      "it was only a shade less disgraceful to have so much as fought; thus was
+      I drawn two ways at once, and in this important element of school-history,
+      the war-element, had little but sorrow." On the whole, that same excellent
+      "Passivity," so notable in Teufelsdrockh's childhood, is here visibly
+      enough again getting nourishment. "He wept often; indeed to such a degree
+      that he was nicknamed <i>Der Weinende</i> (the Tearful), which epithet,
+      till towards his thirteenth year, was indeed not quite unmerited. Only at
+      rare intervals did the young soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage, and,
+      with a stormfulness (<i>Ungestum</i>) under which the boldest quailed,
+      assert that he too had Rights of Man, or at least of Mankin." In all
+      which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree and cinnamon-tree (of
+      genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and ignoble shrubs; and
+      forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only, and not outwards; into
+      a <i>height</i> quite sickly, and disproportioned to its <i>breadth</i>?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+      Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+      Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all. So that,
+      except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went about, as
+      was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there learning many
+      things;" and farther lighted on some small store of curious reading, in
+      Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he lodged,&mdash;his time, it would
+      appear, was utterly wasted. Which facts the Professor has not yet learned
+      to look upon with any contentment. Indeed, throughout the whole of this
+      Bag <i>Scorpio</i>, where we now are, and often in the following Bag, he
+      shows himself unusually animated on the matter of Education, and not
+      without some touch of what we might presume to be anger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+      man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+      account-books. Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+      themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it fostering
+      the growth of mind. How can an inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder, the
+      like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be manufactured at Nurnberg
+      out of wood and leather, foster the growth of anything; much more of Mind,
+      which grows, not like a vegetable (by having its roots littered with
+      etymological compost), but like a spirit, by mysterious contact of Spirit;
+      Thought kindling itself at the fire of living Thought? How shall <i>he</i>
+      give kindling, in whose own inward man there is no live coal, but all is
+      burnt out to a dead grammatical cinder? The Hinterschlag Professors knew
+      syntax enough; and of the human soul thus much: that it had a faculty
+      called Memory, and could be acted on through the muscular integument by
+      appliance of birch-rods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+      discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+      all hands fitly encouraged: till communities and individuals discover, not
+      without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by Knowledge
+      can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by Gunpowder; that
+      with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there should be
+      world-honored Dignitaries, and were it possible, true God-ordained
+      Priests, for teaching. But as yet, though the Soldier wears openly, and
+      even parades, his butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have travelled, did
+      the Schoolmaster make show of his instructing-tool: nay, were he to walk
+      abroad with birch girt on thigh, as if he therefrom expected honor, would
+      there not, among the idler class, perhaps a certain levity be excited?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+      died: the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+      first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+      melancholy. "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+      yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable silent
+      nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word, NEVER! now
+      first showed its meaning. My Mother wept, and her sorrow got vent; but in
+      my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in silent desolation.
+      Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is so healthful that it
+      even finds nourishment in Death: these stern experiences, planted down by
+      Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a whole cypress-forest, sad but
+      beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the
+      hottest sunshine, through long years of youth:&mdash;as in manhood also it
+      does, and will do; for I have now pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree;
+      the Tomb is now my inexpugnable Fortress, ever close by the gate of which
+      I look upon the hostile armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous
+      Life placidly enough, and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still
+      smile. O ye loved ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest,
+      whom in life I could only weep for and never help; and ye, who
+      wide-scattered still toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the
+      flinty ground with your blood,&mdash;yet a little while, and we shall all
+      meet THERE, and our Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's
+      harness, and Sorrow's fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol
+      and inhabit ever-vexed Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of
+      the deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in life
+      (as Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the genealogy
+      of the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the Fowler: the
+      whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment. It only concerns us
+      to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen revealed to her
+      foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or indeed of any
+      kindred, having come into historical existence in the way already known to
+      us. "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not only of Possession,
+      but even of Remembrance. Sorrow and Wonder, here suddenly united, could
+      not but produce abundant fruit. Such a disclosure, in such a season,
+      struck its roots through my whole nature: ever till the years of mature
+      manhood, it mingled with my whole thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my
+      day-dreams and night-dreams grew. A certain poetic elevation, yet also a
+      corresponding civic depression, it naturally imparted: <i>I was like no
+      other</i>; in which fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener
+      to frightfullest results, may there not lie the first spring of
+      tendencies, which in my Life have become remarkable enough? As in birth,
+      so in action, speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not
+      numerous."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the Bag <i>Sagittarius</i>, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+      become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will
+      nowhere disclose itself with the smallest certainty. Few things, in the
+      way of confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our
+      readers; not even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in a
+      Biographical work. So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found, and must
+      always look to find, these scattered Leaves. In <i>Sagittarius</i>,
+      however, Teufelsdrockh begins to show himself even more than usually
+      Sibylline: fragments of all sorts: scraps of regular Memoir,
+      College-Exercises, Programs, Professional Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn
+      Billets, sometimes to appearance of an amatory cast; all blown together as
+      if by merest chance, henceforth bewilder the sane Historian. To combine
+      any picture of these University, and the subsequent, years; much more, to
+      decipher therein any illustrative primordial elements of the
+      Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as the reader may imagine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+      thicket: a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+      Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at
+      length perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the
+      living Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities. From such
+      Fountain he draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his
+      whole heart, for the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements,
+      entanglements, aberrations are discoverable or supposable. Nor perhaps are
+      even pecuniary distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in spite of
+      advices from not disinterested relatives has sent him hither, must after a
+      time withdraw her willing but too feeble hand." Nevertheless in an
+      atmosphere of Poverty and manifold Chagrin, the Humor of that young Soul,
+      what character is in him, first decisively reveals itself; and, like
+      strong sunshine in weeping skies, gives out variety of colors, some of
+      which are prismatic. Thus, with the aid of Time and of what Time brings,
+      has the stripling Diogenes Teufelsdrockh waxed into manly stature; and
+      into so questionable an aspect, that we ask with new eagerness, How he
+      specially came by it, and regret anew that there is no more explicit
+      answer. Certain of the intelligible and partially significant fragments,
+      which are few in number, shall be extracted from that Limbo of a
+      Paper-bag, and presented with the usual preparation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As if, in the Bag <i>Scorpio</i>, Teufelsdrockh had not already
+      expectorated his antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name <i>Sagittarius</i>,
+      he had thought himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in
+      with such matter as this: "The University where I was educated still
+      stands vivid enough in my remembrance, and I know its name well; which
+      name, however, I, from tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall
+      in nowise divulge. It is my painful duty to say that, out of England and
+      Spain, ours was the worst of all hitherto discovered Universities. This is
+      indeed a time when right Education is, as nearly as may be, impossible:
+      however, in degrees of wrongness there is no limit: nay, I can conceive a
+      worse system than that of the Nameless itself; as poisoned victual may be
+      worse than absolute hunger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+      ditch: wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer, if
+      both leader and led simply&mdash;sit still? Had you, anywhere in Crim
+      Tartary, walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small,
+      ill-chosen Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred Christian
+      striplings, to tumble about as they listed, from three to seven years:
+      certain persons, under the title of Professors, being stationed at the
+      gates, to declare aloud that it was a University, and exact considerable
+      admission-fees,&mdash;you had, not indeed in mechanical structure, yet in
+      spirit and result, some imperfect resemblance of our High Seminary. I say,
+      imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was quite other, so neither was
+      our result altogether the same: unhappily, we were not in Crim Tartary,
+      but in a corrupt European city, full of smoke and sin; moreover, in the
+      middle of a Public, which, without far costlier apparatus than that of the
+      Square Enclosure, and Declaration aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled, with
+      the most surprising profit. Towards anything like a <i>Statistics of
+      Imposture</i>, indeed, little as yet has been done: with a strange
+      indifference, our Economists, nigh buried under Tables for minor Branches
+      of Industry, have altogether overlooked the grand all-overtopping
+      Hypocrisy Branch; as if our whole arts of Puffery, of Quackery,
+      Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the innumerable other crafts and mysteries of
+      that genus, had not ranked in Productive Industry at all! Can any one, for
+      example, so much as say, What moneys, in Literature and Shoeblacking, are
+      realized by actual Instruction and actual jet Polish; what by
+      fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such; specifying, in distinct items,
+      the distributions, circulations, disbursements, incomings of said moneys,
+      with the smallest approach to accuracy? But to ask, How far, in all the
+      several infinitely complected departments of social business, in
+      government, education, in manual, commercial, intellectual fabrication of
+      every sort, man's Want is supplied by true Ware; how far by the mere
+      Appearance of true Ware:&mdash;in other words, To what extent, by what
+      methods, with what effects, in various times and countries, Deception
+      takes the place of wages of Performance: here truly is an Inquiry big with
+      results for the future time, but to which hitherto only the vaguest answer
+      can be given. If for the present, in our Europe, we estimate the ratio of
+      Ware to Appearance of Ware so high even as at One to a Hundred (which,
+      considering the Wages of a Pope, Russian Autocrat, or English
+      Game-Preserver, is probably not far from the mark),&mdash;what almost
+      prodigious saving may there not be anticipated, as the <i>Statistics of
+      Imposture</i> advances, and so the manufacturing of Shams (that of
+      Realities rising into clearer and clearer distinction therefrom) gradually
+      declines, and at length becomes all but wholly unnecessary!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This for the coming golden ages. What I had to remark, for the present
+      brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+      Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can as
+      yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature, and
+      man's Gullibility not his worst blessing. Suppose your sinews of war quite
+      broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but exhausted;
+      and that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut your and each
+      other's throat,&mdash;then were it not well could you, as if by miracle,
+      pay them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated water, or
+      mere imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came up, they
+      might be kept together and quiet? Such perhaps was the aim of Nature, who
+      does nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite, Man, with this his
+      so omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being Gulled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+      mechanism for itself! These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+      with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then too
+      with no great effort, by quite another class of persons. Which Reputation,
+      like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the general current,
+      bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on their part, to hold
+      long together, and of its own accord assiduously grind for them. Happy
+      that it was so, for the Millers! They themselves needed not to work; their
+      attempts at working, at what they called Educating, now when I look back
+      on it, fill me with a certain mute admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+      highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+      furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+      Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into a
+      state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to end
+      in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (<i>crepiren</i>) in
+      finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.&mdash;But
+      this too is portion of mankind's lot. If our era is the Era of Unbelief,
+      why murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come? As in
+      long-drawn systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith
+      alternate with the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer
+      luxuriance of all Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations, be
+      followed by, and again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter dissolution.
+      For man lives in Time, has his whole earthly being, endeavor and destiny
+      shaped for him by Time: only in the transitory Time-Symbol is the
+      ever-motionless Eternity we stand on made manifest. And yet, in such
+      winter-seasons of Denial, it is for the nobler-minded perhaps a
+      comparative misery to have been born, and to be awake and work; and for
+      the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating animals, safe-lodged in some
+      Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other superstitious or voluptuous
+      Castle of Indolence, they can slumber through, in stupid dreams, and only
+      awaken when the loud-roaring hailstorms have all alone their work, and to
+      our prayers and martyrdoms the new Spring has been vouchsafed."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+      Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful. "The hungry
+      young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for food, were
+      bidden eat the east-wind. What vain jargon of controversial Metaphysic,
+      Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named Science, was current
+      there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the most. Among eleven
+      hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting some eleven eager to
+      learn. By collision with such, a certain warmth, a certain polish was
+      communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took less to rioting (<i>renommiren</i>),
+      than to thinking and reading, which latter also I was free to do. Nay from
+      the chaos of that Library, I succeeded in fishing up more books perhaps
+      than had been known to the very keepers thereof. The foundation of a
+      Literary Life was hereby laid: I learned, on my own strength, to read
+      fluently in almost all cultivated languages, on almost all subjects and
+      sciences; farther, as man is ever the prime object to man, already it was
+      my favorite employment to read character in speculation, and from the
+      Writing to construe the Writer. A certain groundplan of Human Nature and
+      Life began to fashion itself in me; wondrous enough, now when I look back
+      on it; for my whole Universe, physical and spiritual, was as yet a
+      Machine! However, such a conscious, recognized groundplan, the truest I
+      had, <i>was</i> beginning to be there, and by additional experiments might
+      be corrected and indefinitely extended."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+      destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for himself
+      the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help. Nevertheless a desert
+      this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters. Teufelsdrockh gives us
+      long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;" his Inquiries concerning
+      Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith; and how "in the silent
+      night-watches, still darker in his heart than over sky and earth, he has
+      cast himself before the All-seeing, and with audible prayers cried
+      vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death and the Grave. Not till
+      after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did the believing heart
+      surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the nightmare, Unbelief;
+      and, in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair living world for a
+      pallid, vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium. But through such Purgatory
+      pain," continues he, "it is appointed us to pass; first must the dead
+      Letter of Religion own itself dead, and drop piecemeal into dust, if the
+      living Spirit of Religion, freed from this its charnel-house, is to arise
+      on us, new-born of Heaven, and with new healing under its wings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+      measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+      sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season
+      of youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here
+      so poor in means,&mdash;do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed
+      and overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling
+      up among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor
+      than of clear flame?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to
+      be inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had not
+      altogether escaped notice: certain established men are aware of his
+      existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their
+      eyes on him. He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+      himself to the Profession of Law;&mdash;whereof, indeed, the world has
+      since seen him a public graduate. But omitting these broken,
+      unsatisfactory thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the
+      following small thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for
+      himself weaving it in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture
+      of these University years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as it
+      is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality (<i>von
+      Adel</i>), from the interior parts of England. He stood connected, by
+      blood and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of
+      Germany; to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all
+      friendliness, brought near. Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably
+      ill-cultivated; with considerable humor of character: and, bating his
+      total ignorance, for he knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar,
+      showed less of that aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for
+      most part belongs to Travellers of his nation. To him I owe my first
+      practical knowledge of the English and their ways; perhaps also something
+      of the partiality with which I have ever since regarded that singular
+      people. Towgood was not without an eye, could he have come at any light.
+      Invited doubtless by the presence of the Zahdarm Family, he had travelled
+      hither, in the almost frantic hope of perfecting his studies; he, whose
+      studies had as yet been those of infancy, hither to a University where so
+      much as the notion of perfection, not to say the effort after it, no
+      longer existed! Often we would condole over the hard destiny of the Young
+      in this era: how, after all our toil, we were to be turned out into the
+      world, with beards on our chins indeed, but with few other attributes of
+      manhood; no existing thing that we were trained to Act on, nothing that we
+      could so much as Believe. 'How has our head on the outside a polished
+      Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the inside Vacancy, or a froth of
+      Vocables and Attorney-Logic! At a small cost men are educated to make
+      leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am I educated to make? By
+      Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten and worn, as I came thus far,
+      would endow a considerable Hospital of Incurables.'&mdash;'Man, indeed,' I
+      would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty, which must be kept working, were
+      it even partly by stealth. But as for our Miseducation, make not bad
+      worse; waste not the time yet ours, in trampling on thistles because they
+      have yielded us no figs. <i>Frisch zu, Bruder</i>! Here are Books, and we
+      have brains to read them; here is a whole Earth and a whole Heaven, and we
+      have eyes to look on them: <i>Frisch zu</i>!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire. We
+      looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at once
+      harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered: motley, not
+      unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths. For
+      myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours. Towards this young
+      warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even near
+      experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship. Yes, foolish
+      Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+      loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+      always. By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants. If
+      man's <i>Soul</i> is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+      Philosophy, a kind of <i>Stomach</i>, what else is the true meaning of
+      Spiritual Union but an Eating together? Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+      Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+      romance. What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+      He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+      where. Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+      man?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0015" id="link2HCH0015">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. GETTING UNDER WAY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as quitting
+      College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes Teufelsdrockh:
+      a visible Temporary Figure (<i>Zeitbild</i>), occupying some cubic feet of
+      Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and spiritual; hopes,
+      passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in more or less
+      perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man. Capabilities there were in
+      me to give battle, in some small degree, against the great Empire of
+      Darkness: does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with his spade, extinguish
+      many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a little Order, where he found the
+      opposite? Nay your very Day-moth has capabilities in this kind; and ever
+      organizes something (into its own Body, if no otherwise), which was before
+      Inorganic; and of mute dead air makes living music, though only of the
+      faintest, by humming.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned, or
+      begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought! Thaumaturgic I name
+      it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and henceforth
+      innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days, witness some.
+      Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it makes and unmakes
+      whole worlds, I shall forbear mention: but cannot the dullest hear
+      Steam-engines clanking around him? Has he not seen the Scottish
+      Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling on
+      fire-wings round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than any
+      other Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching and
+      carrying: at home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough overturning
+      the whole old system of Society; and, for Feudalism and Preservation of
+      the Game, preparing us, by indirect but sure methods, Industrialism and
+      the Government of the Wisest? Truly a Thinking Man is the worst enemy the
+      Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one announces himself, I
+      doubt not, there runs a shudder through the Nether Empire; and new
+      Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if possible, entrap him, and
+      hoodwink and handcuff him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe, been
+      called. Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+      Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace and
+      War against the Time-Prince (<i>Zeitfurst</i>), or Devil, and all his
+      Dominions, your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is so
+      difficult to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+      that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"? "Not
+      what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom. To each is given
+      a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune; to
+      each, by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of Capability.
+      But the hardest problem were ever this first: To find by study of
+      yourself, and of the ground you stand on, what your combined inward and
+      outward Capability specially is. For, alas, our young soul is all budding
+      with Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and true one.
+      Always too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions; his course
+      can be the <i>fac-simile</i> of no prior one, but is by its nature
+      original. And then how seldom will the outward Capability fit the inward:
+      though talented wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended, dyspeptical,
+      bashful; nay what is worse than all, we are foolish. Thus, in a whole
+      imbroglio of Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to grope which is
+      ours, and often clutch the wrong one: in this mad work must several years
+      of our small term be spent, till the purblind Youth, by practice, acquire
+      notions of distance, and become a seeing Man. Nay, many so spend their
+      whole term, and in ever-new expectation, ever-new disappointment, shift
+      from enterprise to enterprise, and from side to side: till at length, as
+      exasperated striplings of threescore-and-ten, they shift into their last
+      enterprise, that of getting buried.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general fate;
+      were it not that one thing saves us: our Hunger. For on this ground, as
+      the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt choice be made:
+      hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and Apprenticeships for our
+      irrational young; whereby, in due season, the vague universality of a Man
+      shall find himself ready-moulded into a specific Craftsman; and so
+      thenceforth work, with much or with little waste of Capability as it may
+      be; yet not with the worst waste, that of time. Nay even in matters
+      spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is born blind, and does not,
+      like certain other creatures, receive sight in nine days, but far later,
+      sometimes never,&mdash;is it not well that there should be what we call
+      Professions, or Bread-studies (<i>Brodzwecke</i>), preappointed us? Here,
+      circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial or total blindness is no
+      evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly round and round, still
+      fancying that it is forward and forward; and realize much: for himself
+      victual; for the world an additional horse's power in the grand corn-mill
+      or hemp-mill of Economic Society. For me too had such a leading-string
+      been provided; only that it proved a neck-halter, and had nigh throttled
+      me, till I broke it off. Then, in the words of Ancient Pistol, did the
+      world generally become mine oyster, which I, by strength or cunning, was
+      to open, as I would and could. Almost had I deceased (<i>fast war ich
+      umgekommen</i>), so obstinately did it continue shut."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was to
+      befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as it
+      painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+      details, through this Bag <i>Pisces</i>, and those that follow. A young
+      man of high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled
+      colt, "breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar
+      manger, into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced
+      in. Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden
+      pasture: either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or, in
+      mad exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer stone-walls,
+      which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame him; till at last,
+      after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by miracle, clears his
+      way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover, yet into a certain
+      bosky wilderness where existence is still possible, and Freedom, though
+      waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness. In a word, Teufelsdrockh
+      having thrown up his legal Profession, finds himself without landmark of
+      outward guidance; whereby his previous want of decided Belief, or inward
+      guidance, is frightfully aggravated. Necessity urges him on; Time will not
+      stop, neither can he, a Son of Time; wild passions without solacement,
+      wild faculties without employment, ever vex and agitate him. He too must
+      enact that stern Monodrama, <i>No Object and no Rest</i>; must front its
+      successive destinies, work through to its catastrophe, and deduce
+      therefrom what moral he can.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat nowise
+      easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off. If we look
+      at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital, as he emerges
+      from its Nameless University, we can discern well that it was far from
+      enviable. His first Law-Examination he has come through triumphantly; and
+      can even boast that the <i>Examen Rigorosum</i> need not have frightened
+      him: but though he is hereby "an <i>Auscultator</i> of respectability,"
+      what avails it? There is next to no employment to be had. Neither, for a
+      youth without connections, is the process of Expectation very hopeful in
+      itself; nor for one of his disposition much cheered from without. "My
+      fellow Auscultators," he says, "were Auscultators: they dressed, and
+      digested, and talked articulate words; other vitality showed they almost
+      none. Small speculation in those eyes, that they did glare withal! Sense
+      neither for the high nor for the deep, nor for aught human or divine, save
+      only for the faintest scent of coming Preferment." In which words,
+      indicating a total estrangement on the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not
+      also lurk traces of a bitterness as from wounded vanity? Doubtless these
+      prosaic Auscultators may have sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and
+      tried to hate, and what was much more impossible, to despise him. Friendly
+      communion, in any case, there could not be: already has the young
+      Teufelsdrockh left the other young geese; and swims apart, though as yet
+      uncertain whether he himself is cygnet or gosling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+      unpleasantly. "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of; but
+      is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only the
+      deeper-seated? So shy a man can never have been popular. We figure to
+      ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with his
+      independence, and so forth: do not his own words betoken as much? "Like a
+      very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not also with
+      Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been appointed to
+      struggle." Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+      Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+      slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined
+      to patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up as
+      "a man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+      protests. "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+      if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved on
+      it! But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing for a
+      gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust nothing
+      but the common copper."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+      contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward without
+      return, is not too clear from these Documents. Good old Gretchen seems to
+      have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other Horn of
+      Plenty, or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that "the prompt
+      nature of Hunger being well known," we are not without our anxiety. From
+      private Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences, the aid
+      derivable is small; neither, to use his own words, "does the young
+      Adventurer hitherto suspect in himself any literary gift; but at best
+      earns bread-and-water wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.
+      Nevertheless," continues he, "that I subsisted is clear, for you find me
+      even now alive." Which fact, however, except upon the principle of our
+      true-hearted, kind old Proverb, that "there is always life for a living
+      one," we must profess ourselves unable to explain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the mark
+      of Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+      independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way. Here also
+      occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps throw
+      light on his condition. The first has now no date, or writer's name, but a
+      huge Blot; and runs to this effect: "The (<i>Inkblot</i>), tied down by
+      previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the Herr
+      Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees himself
+      under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what were
+      otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a man of
+      genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting." The other is on gilt
+      paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now dead, yet
+      which once lived and beneficently worked. We give it in the original: "<i>Herr
+      Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN
+      THEE schonstens eingeladen</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+      urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+      quite fluid <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>! How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual
+      hand-grips with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these
+      Musical and Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited
+      to a feast of chickenweed, we can only conjecture. Perhaps in expressive
+      silence, and abstinence: otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast
+      at all, it cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens. For the
+      rest, as this Frau Grafinn dates from the <i>Zahdarm House</i>, she can be
+      no other than the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual
+      tendencies, and good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of Herr
+      Towgood, or on his own footing, are hereby manifest. That some sort of
+      relation, indeed, continued, for a time, to connect our Autobiographer,
+      though perhaps feebly enough, with this noble House, we have elsewhere
+      express evidence. Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it was in vain;
+      enough for him if he here obtained occasional glimpses of the great world,
+      from which we at one time fancied him to have been always excluded. "The
+      Zahdarms," says he, "lived in the soft, sumptuous garniture of
+      Aristocracy; whereto Literature and Art, attracted and attached from
+      without, were to serve as the handsomest fringing. It was to the <i>Gnadigen
+      Frau</i> (her Ladyship) that this latter improvement was due: assiduously
+      she gathered, dexterously she fitted on, what fringing was to be had; lace
+      or cobweb, as the place yielded." Was Teufelsdrockh also a fringe, of lace
+      or cobweb; or promising to be such? "With his <i>Excellenz</i> (the
+      Count)," continues he, "I have more than once had the honor to converse;
+      chiefly on general affairs, and the aspect of the world, which he, though
+      now past middle life, viewed in no unfavorable light; finding indeed,
+      except the Outrooting of Journalism (<i>die auszurottende Journalistik</i>),
+      little to desiderate therein. On some points, as his <i>Excellenz</i> was
+      not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant to keep silence. Besides, his
+      occupation being that of Owning Land, there might be faculties enough,
+      which, as superfluous for such use, were little developed in him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless, and
+      many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+      improvements, we can readily conjecture. With nothing but a barren
+      Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes
+      from within, his position was no easy one. "The Universe," he says, "was
+      as a mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede, or be
+      devoured. In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in the
+      blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought, unfolding
+      itself. A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew not the
+      solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only from
+      discords set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as victory
+      is only possible by battle."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by not
+      unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human happiness,
+      could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under barrels, or
+      rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their lawful
+      studies and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the age of
+      twenty-five. With which suggestion, at least as considered in the light of
+      a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+      Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (<i>Madchen</i>)
+      are, to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+      gentlemen (<i>Bubchen</i>) do then attain their maximum of detestability.
+      Such gawks (<i>Gecken</i>) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with
+      such a vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+      vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward. No mortal's
+      endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+      unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+      infinitely better, were it worthy of him. Life everywhere is the most
+      manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three: multiply
+      your second and third term together, divide the product by the first, and
+      your quotient will be the answer,&mdash;which you are but an ass if you
+      cannot come at. The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that, do
+      what one will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal
+      repeater, and no net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+      Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+      still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful, yet
+      still afflictive derangement of head? Alas, on the former side alone, his
+      case was hard enough. "It continues ever true," says he, "that Saturn, or
+      Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his Children: only by incessant
+      Running, by incessant Working, may you (for some threescore-and-ten years)
+      escape him; and you too he devours at last. Can any Sovereign, or Holy
+      Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time stand still; even in thought, shake
+      themselves free of Time? Our whole terrestrial being is based on Time, and
+      built of Time; it is wholly a Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author
+      of it, the material of it. Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to
+      work,&mdash;in the right direction. Are not our Bodies and our Souls in
+      continual movement, whether we will or not; in a continual Waste,
+      requiring a continual Repair? Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and
+      inward Wants were but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we
+      have done, is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do
+      anew. O Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk
+      us so deep in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments
+      can so much as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us! Me,
+      however, as a Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time
+      threatening to eat quite prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was no
+      good Running, so obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet." That is
+      to say, we presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world, that
+      Teufelsdrockh's whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to work,&mdash;in
+      the right direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby he became
+      wretched enough. As was natural: with haggard Scarcity threatening him in
+      the distance; and so vehement a soul languishing in restless inaction, and
+      forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by rust,
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+      done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may we
+      not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor and
+      perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy itself?
+      Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too defensive;
+      not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack. "So far
+      hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was notable, if for
+      anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as my friends often
+      rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor of my feelings. I,
+      in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love and of fear. The
+      mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that has a sense for
+      the Godlike. Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed, and by half-strangers
+      hated, for my so-called Hardness (<i>Harte</i>), my Indifferentism towards
+      men; and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted, as my favorite dialect
+      in conversation. Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was but as a buckram case,
+      wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so my own poor Person might
+      live safe there, and in all friendliness, being no longer exasperated by
+      wounds. Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the Devil;
+      for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it. But how many
+      individuals did I, in those days, provoke into some degree of hostility
+      thereby! An ironic man, with his sly stillness, and ambuscading ways, more
+      especially an ironic young man, from whom it is least expected, may be
+      viewed as a pest to society. Have we not seen persons of weight and name
+      coming forward, with gentlest indifference, to tread such a one out of
+      sight, as an insignificancy and worm, start ceiling-high (<i>balkenhock</i>),
+      and thence fall shattered and supine, to be borne home on shutters, not
+      without indignation, when he proved electric and a torpedo!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for himself
+      in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too admits, is "to
+      unite yourself with some one, and with somewhat (<i>sich anzuschliessen</i>)"?
+      Division, not union, is written on most part of his procedure. Let us add
+      too that, in no great length of time, the only important connection he had
+      ever succeeded in forming, his connection with the Zahdarm Family, seems
+      to have been paralyzed, for all practical uses, by the death of the "not
+      uncholeric" old Count. This fact stands recorded, quite incidentally, in a
+      certain <i>Discourse on Epitaphs</i>, huddled into the present Bag, among
+      so much else; of which Essay the learning and curious penetration are more
+      to be approved of than the spirit. His grand principle is, that lapidary
+      inscriptions, of what sort soever, should be Historical rather than
+      Lyrical. "By request of that worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I
+      undertook to compose his Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules,
+      produced the following; which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity,
+      a defect never yet fully visible to myself, still remains unengraven;"&mdash;wherein,
+      we may predict, there is more than the Latinity that will surprise an
+      English reader:
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [<i>sub dato</i>]; POSTREMUM [<i>sub dato</i>].
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0016" id="link2HCH0016">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. ROMANCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this
+      Egypt of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without
+      stubble, before ever the question once struck him with entire force: For
+      what?&mdash;<i>Beym Himmel</i>! For Food and Warmth! And are Food and
+      Warmth nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?&mdash;Come
+      of it what might, I resolved to try."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though perhaps
+      far from an improved one. Teufelsdrockh is now a man without Profession.
+      Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers, where indeed his
+      leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he desperately steers off,
+      on a course of his own, by sextant and compass of his own. Unhappy
+      Teufelsdrockh! Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic, nor Commodores pleased
+      thee, still was it not <i>a Fleet</i>, sailing in prescribed track, for
+      fixed objects; above all, in combination, wherein, by mutual guidance, by
+      all manner of loans and borrowings, each could manifoldly aid the other?
+      How wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for thyself find that shorter
+      Northwest Passage to thy fair Spice-country of a Nowhere?&mdash;A solitary
+      rover, on such a voyage, with such nautical tactics, will meet with
+      adventures. Nay, as we forthwith discover, a certain Calypso-Island
+      detains him at the very outset; and as it were falsifies and oversets his
+      whole reckoning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling,
+      and everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young Man
+      does this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the Young
+      Maiden. Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it has been so
+      appointed. On the whole, as I have often said, a Person (<i>Personlichkeit</i>)
+      is ever holy to us; a certain orthodox Anthropomorphism connects my <i>Me</i>
+      with all <i>Thees</i> in bonds of Love: but it is in this approximation of
+      the Like and Unlike, that such heavenly attraction, as between Negative
+      and Positive, first burns out into a flame. Is the pitifullest mortal
+      Person, think you, indifferent to us? Is it not rather our heartfelt wish
+      to be made one with him; to unite him to us, by gratitude, by admiration,
+      even by fear; or failing all these, unite ourselves to him? But how much
+      more, in this case of the Like-Unlike! Here is conceded us the higher
+      mystic possibility of such a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the
+      conducting medium of Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the
+      universal Spiritual Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman,
+      we first emphatically denominate LOVE.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already
+      blooms a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor,
+      in the stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a Tree
+      of Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting. Perhaps
+      too the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming Sword divide
+      it from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the imaginative stripling,
+      only the view, not the entrance. Happy season of virtuous youth, when
+      shame is still an impassable celestial barrier; and the sacred air-cities
+      of Hope have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets of Reality; and man, by
+      his nature, is yet infinite and free!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+      himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+      more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+      feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+      unspeakable. A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+      women were holy, were heavenly. As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+      their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on the
+      outskirts of <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>: all of air they were, all Soul and
+      Form; so lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the
+      invisible Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven. That
+      he, our poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls (<i>Holden</i>)&mdash;<i>Ach
+      Gott</i>! how could he hope it; should he not have died under it? There
+      was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as the
+      vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of true
+      Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he went;
+      and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet it was
+      by their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them. But now, if on
+      a soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated into
+      tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind eyes,
+      saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle him,&mdash;good
+      Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming fire were
+      probably kindled!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+      explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+      indeed how could it fail? A nature, which, in his own figurative style, we
+      might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability; with
+      so much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the whole
+      lying in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace of
+      Fantasy:" have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready, on
+      occasion of the smallest spark, to blaze up? Neither, in this our
+      Life-element, are sparks anywhere wanting. Without doubt, some Angel,
+      whereof so many hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts of <i>AEsthetic
+      Tea</i>," flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance, kindle no
+      despicable firework. Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework, and flamed off
+      rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor, each growing
+      naturally from the other, through the several stages of a happy Youthful
+      Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young soul relieved
+      with little damage! Happy, if it did not rather prove a Conflagration and
+      mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself; nay perhaps bursting
+      the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best, bursting the thin
+      walls of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage thenceforth all
+      unchecked among the contiguous combustibles (which were Madness): till of
+      the so fair and manifold internal world of our Diogenes, there remained
+      Nothing, or only the "crater of an extinct volcano"!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From multifarious Documents in this Bag <i>Capricornus</i>, and in the
+      adjacent ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our
+      philosopher, as stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and even
+      frantically in Love: here therefore may our old doubts whether his heart
+      were of stone or of flesh give way. He loved once; not wisely but too
+      well. And once only: for as your Congreve needs a new case or wrappage for
+      every new rocket, so each human heart can properly exhibit but one Love,
+      if even one; the "First Love which is infinite" can be followed by no
+      second like unto it. In more recent years, accordingly, the Editor of
+      these Sheets was led to regard Teufelsdrockh as a man not only who would
+      never wed, but who would never even flirt; whom the grand-climacteric
+      itself, and <i>St. Martin's Summer</i> of incipient Dotage, would crown
+      with no new myrtle-garland. To the Professor, women are henceforth Pieces
+      of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed, which celestial pieces he glories to
+      survey in galleries, but has lost thought of purchasing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh
+      in this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what
+      specialties of successive configuration, splendor and color, his Firework
+      blazes off. Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can meet with
+      here. From amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy, with their mad
+      Petrarchan and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among all sorts of
+      quite extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name can be
+      deciphered. For, without doubt, the title <i>Blumine</i>, whereby she is
+      here designated, and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be
+      fictitious. Was her real name Flora, then? But what was her surname, or
+      had she none? Of what station in Life was she; of what parentage, fortune,
+      aspect? Specially, by what Pre-established Harmony of occurrences did the
+      Lover and the Loved meet one another in so wide a world; how did they
+      behave in such meeting? To all which questions, not unessential in a
+      Biographic work, mere Conjecture must for most part return answer. "It was
+      appointed," says our Philosopher, "that the high celestial orbit of
+      Blumine should intersect the low sublunary one of our Forlorn; that he,
+      looking in her empyrean eyes, should fancy the upper Sphere of Light was
+      come down into this nether sphere of Shadows; and finding himself
+      mistaken, make noise enough."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some
+      one's Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+      insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+      relatives. But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle? Was it by the
+      humid vehicle of <i>AEsthetic Tea</i>, or by the arid one of mere
+      Business? Was it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who,
+      as an ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation,
+      especially for young cynical Nondescripts? To all appearance, it was
+      chiefly by Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever
+      saw thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in his
+      pocket the last <i>Relatio ex Actis</i> he would ever write, but must have
+      paused to wonder! Noble Mansion! There stoodest thou, in deep Mountain
+      Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude; stately,
+      massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams, like a palace
+      of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal. Beautiful rose up, in wavy
+      curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest was their
+      sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted by some
+      spreading solitary Tree and its shadow. To the unconscious Wayfarer thou
+      wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste; where, for joy and
+      woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written. Well might he pause and gaze;
+      in that glance of his were prophecy and nameless forebodings."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed
+      in his <i>Relatio ex Actis</i>; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and
+      so, instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home, is
+      ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames and
+      cavaliers: if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+      conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and pure
+      voices making the stillness live." Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+      Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+      "Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors of
+      thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+      wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+      velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain peaks:
+      so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy
+      creatures: it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT in the
+      bosom-vesture of Summer herself. How came it that the Wanderer advanced
+      thither with such forecasting heart (<i>ahndungsvoll</i>), by the side of
+      his gay host? Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard bosom
+      ought to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try him; to
+      mock him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+      name to&mdash;Blumine! Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced
+      Blumine, there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights. Noblest
+      maiden! whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at,
+      for the presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+      heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices: from all which vague
+      colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+      our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+      blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+      Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+      naphtha-fire. Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet so
+      stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and sunlight
+      played over earnest deeps: but all this he had seen only as a magic
+      vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality. Her sphere was too
+      far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how should they
+      so much as once meet together? And now that Rose-goddess sits in the same
+      circle with him; the light of <i>her</i> eyes has smiled on him; if he
+      speak, she will hear it! Nay, who knows, since the heavenly Sun looks into
+      lowest valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime noted the so
+      unnotable; perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had from hers,
+      gathered wonder, gathered favor for him? Was the attraction, the agitation
+      mutual, then; pole and pole trembling towards contact, when once brought
+      into neighborhood? Say rather, heart swelling in presence of the Queen of
+      Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once near its Moon! With the Wanderer
+      it was even so: as in heavenward gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of
+      a Seraph's wand, his whole soul is roused from its deepest recesses; and
+      all that was painful and that was blissful there, dim images, vague
+      feelings of a whole Past and a whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies
+      within him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk forcibly
+      together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of what sort
+      soever, in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming Stolidity. How
+      was it, then, that here, when trembling to the core of his heart, he did
+      not sink into swoons, but rose into strength, into fearlessness and
+      clearness? It was his guiding Genius (<i>Damon</i>) that inspired him; he
+      must go forth and meet his Destiny. Show thyself now, whispered it, or be
+      forever hid. Thus sometimes it is even when your anxiety becomes
+      transcendental, that the soul first feels herself able to transcend it;
+      that she rises above it, in fiery victory; and borne on new-found wings of
+      victory, moves so calmly, even because so rapidly, so irresistibly. Always
+      must the Wanderer remember, with a certain satisfaction and surprise, how
+      in this case he sat not silent but struck adroitly into the stream of
+      conversation; which thenceforth, to speak with an apparent not a real
+      vanity, he may say that he continued to lead. Surely, in those hours, a
+      certain inspiration was imparted him, such inspiration as is still
+      possible in our late era. The self-secluded unfolds himself in noble
+      thoughts, in free, glowing words; his soul is as one sea of light, the
+      peculiar home of Truth and Intellect; wherein also Fantasy bodies forth
+      form after form, radiant with all prismatic hues."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+      "Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+      pouring forth Philistinism (<i>Philistriositaten</i>.); little witting
+      what hero was here entering to demolish him! We omit the series of
+      Socratic, or rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby
+      the monster, "persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn
+      for the night. "Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the
+      discomfiture was visibly felt as a benefit by most: but what were all
+      applauses to the glad smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh,
+      wherewith Blumine herself repaid the victor? He ventured to address her
+      she answered with attention: nay what if there were a slight tremor in
+      that silver voice; what if the red glow of evening were hiding a transient
+      blush!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+      another: it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with full
+      freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man. Gayly in light,
+      graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for the
+      burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which are
+      indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the poor
+      claims of <i>Me</i> and <i>Thee</i>, no longer parted by rigid fences, now
+      flowed softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious, many-tinted,
+      like some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner of which were Love
+      only. Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind environment of place
+      and time. And yet as the light grew more aerial on the mountaintops, and
+      the shadows fell longer over the valley, some faint tone of sadness may
+      have breathed through the heart; and, in whispers more or less audible,
+      reminded every one that as this bright day was drawing towards its close,
+      so likewise must the Day of Man's Existence decline into dust and
+      darkness; and with all its sick toilings, and joyful and mournful noises,
+      sink in the still Eternity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy: the words
+      from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass; all
+      better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us to be
+      here. At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his: in the balmy twilight,
+      with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting again, which
+      was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small soft fingers, and it
+      seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily withdrawn."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit: the Queen
+      of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and there, by
+      art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound and spell-bound thee.
+      "Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he elsewhere; "yet has it many
+      points in common therewith. I call it rather a discerning of the Infinite
+      in the Finite, of the Idea made Real; which discerning again may be either
+      true or false, either seraphic or demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity. But
+      in the former case too, as in common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds
+      itself to sight; on the so petty domain of the Actual plants its
+      Archimedes-lever, whereby to move at will the infinite Spiritual. Fantasy
+      I might call the true Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man: his sensuous life
+      is but the small temporary stage (<i>Zeitbuhne</i>), whereon
+      thick-streaming influences from both these far yet near regions meet
+      visibly, and act tragedy and melodrama. Sense can support herself
+      handsomely, in most countries, for some eighteenpence a day; but for
+      Fantasy planets and solar-systems will not suffice. Witness your Pyrrhus
+      conquering the world, yet drinking no better red wine than he had before."
+      Alas! witness also your Diogenes, flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven,
+      and verging towards Insanity, for prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if
+      the Earth held but one and not several of these!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says that, in Town, they met again: "day after day, like his heart's
+      sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him. Ah! a little while ago, and he was
+      yet in all darkness: him what Graceful (<i>Holde</i>) would ever love?
+      Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe in
+      himself. Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses; solitary
+      from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself, with a sad
+      indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of existence. And
+      now, O now! 'She looks on thee,' cried he: 'she the fairest, noblest; do
+      not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised? The
+      Heaven's-Messenger! All Heaven's blessings be hers!' Thus did soft
+      melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude; sweetest
+      intimations that he also was a man, that for him also unutterable joys had
+      been provided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears,
+      and often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music: such was the
+      element they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by
+      this fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and
+      the new Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him. Fairest Blumine! And, even
+      as a Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate! Was
+      there so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with? Was
+      she not to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring
+      with it airs from Heaven? As from AEolian Harps in the breath of dawn, as
+      from the Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora, unearthly
+      music was around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest. Pale Doubt
+      fled away to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and hope. The
+      past, then, was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden of Eden,
+      then, and could not discern it! But lo now! the black walls of his prison
+      melt away; the captive is alive, is free. If he loved his Disenchantress?
+      <i>Ach Gott</i>! His whole heart and soul and life were hers, but never
+      had he named it Love: existence was all a Feeling, not yet shaped into a
+      Thought."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+      neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can
+      abide by Feeling alone. The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in her
+      soft, fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest of
+      Necessity, to cut asunder these so blissful bonds." He even appears
+      surprised at the "Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose
+      meagre hunger-bitten philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from
+      the first, faintly approved of." We, even at such distance, can explain it
+      without necromancy. Let the Philosopher answer this one question: What
+      figure, at that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in
+      polished society? Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig, or
+      even a simple iron-spring one? Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator," before
+      whom lies no prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion of young
+      hearts" keep the human kitchen warm? Pshaw! thy divine Blumine, when she
+      "resigned herself to wed some richer," shows more philosophy, though but
+      "a woman of genius," than thou, a pretended man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+      royal splendor it waxes, and rises. Let no one ask us to unfold the
+      glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+      instantaneous dissolution. How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+      madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+      delineation be organized? Besides, of what profit were it? We view, with a
+      lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and shoot
+      upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous star:
+      but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural elasticity, or
+      accident of fire, it has exploded? A hapless air-navigator, plunging, amid
+      torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused wreck, fast enough into the jaws
+      of the Devil! Suffice it to know that Teufelsdrockh rose into the highest
+      regions of the Empyrean, by a natural parabolic track, and returned thence
+      in a quick perpendicular one. For the rest, let any feeling reader, who
+      has been unhappy enough to do the like, paint it out for himself:
+      considering only that if he, for his perhaps comparatively insignificant
+      mistress, underwent such agonies and frenzies, what must Teufelsdrockh's
+      have been, with a fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine! We glance
+      merely at the final scene:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the fair
+      creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping. Alas, no
+      longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that the
+      Doomsday had dawned! She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to meet no
+      more." The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to himself in this
+      dread hour: but what avails it? We omit the passionate expostulations,
+      entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not even an explanation
+      was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe. "'Farewell, then, Madam!'
+      said he, not without sternness, for his stung pride helped him. She put
+      her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears started to her eyes; in
+      wild audacity he clasped her to his bosom; their lips were joined, their
+      two souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into one,&mdash;for the first time
+      and for the last!" Thus was Teufelsdrockh made immortal by a kiss. And
+      then? Why, then&mdash;"thick curtains of Night rushed over his soul, as
+      rose the immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the ruins as of a
+      shivered Universe was he falling, falling, towards the Abyss."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0017" id="link2HCH0017">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must often
+      be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex, intricate
+      a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and emitting, such
+      as the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on no grand occasion
+      and convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the woe-storm could you
+      predict his demeanor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the
+      so passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe" in
+      this extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can next do:
+      Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or blow out his
+      brains. In the progress towards any of which consummations, do not such
+      readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating, brow-beating
+      (against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like, stampings,
+      smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him. He quietly lifts his <i>Pilgerstab</i>
+      (Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and begins a
+      perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe! Curious it
+      is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such intensity of
+      feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of Exaggeration in
+      speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his, that stoicism in
+      external procedure. Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in this matter of the
+      Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and Dissolution of Nature,
+      in which light doubtless it partly appeared to himself, his own nature is
+      nowise dissolved thereby; but rather is compressed closer. For once, as we
+      might say, a Blumine by magic appliances has unlocked that shut heart of
+      his, and its hidden things rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii
+      enfranchised from their glass vial: but no sooner are your magic
+      appliances withdrawn, than the strange casket of a heart springs to again;
+      and perhaps there is now no key extant that will open it; for a
+      Teufelsdrockh as we remarked, will not love a second time. Singular
+      Diogenes! No sooner has that heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place,
+      than he affects to regard it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing
+      more to be said. "One highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an
+      Angel, had recalled him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life: but a
+      gleam of Tophet passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in
+      whirlwinds, and heard the laughter of Demons. It was a Calenture," adds
+      he, "whereby the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste
+      Ocean-waters: a lying vision, yet not wholly a lie, for <i>he</i> saw it."
+      But what things soever passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what
+      ragings and despairings soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he
+      has the goodness to conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence. We know
+      it well; the first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his
+      dismembered philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek,
+      silent, or spoke of the weather and the Journals: only by a transient
+      knitting of those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing
+      one knew not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,&mdash;might you
+      have guessed what a Gehenna was within: that a whole Satanic School were
+      spouting, though inaudibly, there. To consume your own choler, as some
+      chimneys consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting,
+      if it must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one
+      of the commonest in these times.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange measure
+      he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof indeed the
+      actual condition of these Documents in <i>Capricornus</i> and <i>Aquarius
+      is</i> no bad emblem. His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome enough, are
+      without assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest seems his sole
+      guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of the Prophet had fallen
+      on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel." Doubtless, too, the chaotic
+      nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our obscurity. Quite without note of
+      preparation, for example, we come upon the following slip: "A peculiar
+      feeling it is that will rise in the Traveller, when turning some
+      hill-range in his desert road, he descries lying far below, embosomed
+      among its groves and green natural bulwarks, and all diminished to a
+      toy-box, the fair Town, where so many souls, as it were seen and yet
+      unseen, are driving their multifarious traffic. Its white steeple is then
+      truly a starward-pointing finger; the canopy of blue smoke seems like a
+      sort of Lifebreath: for always, of its own unity, the soul gives unity to
+      whatsoever it looks on with love; thus does the little Dwelling-place of
+      men, in itself a congeries of houses and huts, become for us an
+      individual, almost a person. But what thousand other thoughts unite
+      thereto, if the place has to ourselves been the arena of joyous or
+      mournful experiences; if perhaps the cradle we were rocked in still stands
+      there, if our Loving ones still dwell there, if our Buried ones there
+      slumber!" Does Teufelsdrockh as the wounded eagle is said to make for its
+      own eyrie, and indeed military deserters, and all hunted outcast
+      creatures, turn as if by instinct in the direction of their birthland,&mdash;fly
+      first, in this extremity, towards his native Entepfuhl; but reflecting
+      that there no help awaits him, take only one wistful look from the
+      distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Little happier seems to be his next flight: into the wilds of Nature; as
+      if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing. So at least we incline to
+      interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+      considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+      combined majesty and grace as here. The rocks are of that sort called
+      Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in masses
+      of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however, is here
+      tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of environment: in a
+      climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff, itself covered with
+      lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage or verdure; and white,
+      bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round the everlasting granite. In
+      fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with Grandeur: you ride through stony
+      hollows, along strait passes, traversed by torrents, overhung by high
+      walls of rock; now winding amid broken shaggy chasms, and huge fragments;
+      now suddenly emerging into some emerald valley, where the streamlet
+      collects itself into a Lake, and man has again found a fair dwelling, and
+      it seems as if Peace had established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time not
+      pretend: still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+      Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing. Reasonably might the
+      Wanderer exclaim to himself: Are not the gates of this world's happiness
+      inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not mad?
+      Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original Greek if
+      that suit thee better: 'Whoso can look on Death will start at no shadows.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for
+      now the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain mass,
+      the stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on
+      horseback. Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening
+      sunset light; and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments
+      there. An upland irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex
+      branchings are suddenly or slowly arranging their descent towards every
+      quarter of the sky. The mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and folded
+      together: only the loftier summits look down here and there as on a second
+      plain; lakes also lie clear and earnest in their solitude. No trace of man
+      now visible; unless indeed it were he who fashioned that little visible
+      link of Highway, here, as would seem, scaling the inaccessible, to unite
+      Province with Province. But sunwards, lo you! how it towers sheer up, a
+      world of Mountains, the diadem and centre of the mountain region! A
+      hundred and a hundred savage peaks, in the last light of Day; all glowing,
+      of gold and amethyst, like giant spirits of the wilderness; there in their
+      silence, in their solitude, even as on the night when Noah's Deluge first
+      dried! Beautiful, nay solemn, was the sudden aspect to our Wanderer. He
+      gazed over those stupendous masses with wonder, almost with longing
+      desire; never till this hour had he known Nature, that she was One, that
+      she was his Mother and divine. And as the ruddy glow was fading into
+      clearness in the sky, and the Sun had now departed, a murmur of Eternity
+      and Immensity, of Death and of Life, stole through his soul; and he felt
+      as if Death and Life were one, as if the Earth were not dead, as if the
+      Spirit of the Earth had its throne in that splendor, and his own spirit
+      were therewith holding communion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels. Emerging from the
+      hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+      Barouche-and-four: it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+      favors: that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their marriage
+      evening! Few moments brought them near: <i>Du Himmel</i>! It was Herr
+      Towgood and&mdash;Blumine! With slight unrecognizing salutation they
+      passed me; plunged down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to Heaven,
+      and to England; and I, in my friend Richter's words, <i>I remained alone,
+      behind them, with the Night</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to
+      insert an observation, gleaned long ago from the great <i>Clothes-Volume</i>,
+      where it stands with quite other intent: "Some time before Small-pox was
+      extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of the spiritual
+      sort on Europe: I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of View-hunting. Poets
+      of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also enjoyed external
+      Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which holds good or bad
+      liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with slight incidental
+      commentary: never, as I compute, till after the <i>Sorrows of Werter</i>,
+      was there man found who would say: Come let us make a Description! Having
+      drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass! Of which endemic the Jenner
+      is unhappily still to seek." Too true!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings, so
+      far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear insight,
+      here first take their permanent character, fatuous or not. That
+      Basilisk-glance of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up what
+      little remnant of a purpose may have still lurked in him: Life has become
+      wholly a dark labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend, flying
+      from spectres, has to stumble about at random, and naturally with more
+      haste than progress.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+      extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which, were
+      clear record possible, would fill volumes. Hopeless is the obscurity,
+      unspeakable the confusion. He glides from country to country, from
+      condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can calculate
+      how or where. Through all quarters of the world he wanders, and apparently
+      through all circles of society. If in any scene, perhaps difficult to fix
+      geographically, he settles for a time, and forms connections, be sure he
+      will snap them abruptly asunder. Let him sink out of sight as Private
+      Scholar (<i>Privatsirender</i>), living by the grace of God in some
+      European capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the neighborhood of
+      Mecca. It is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious, quick-changing;
+      as if our Traveller, instead of limbs and highways, had transported
+      himself by some wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat. The whole, too,
+      imparted emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that collection of
+      Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct historical notice
+      sparingly interspersed: little light-islets in the world of haze! So that,
+      from this point, the Professor is more of an enigma than ever. In
+      figurative language, we might say he becomes, not indeed a spirit, yet
+      spiritualized, vaporized. Fact unparalleled in Biography: The river of his
+      History, which we have traced from its tiniest fountains, and hoped to see
+      flow onward, with increasing current, into the ocean, here dashes itself
+      over that terrific Lover's Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract, flies
+      wholly into tumultuous clouds of spray! Low down it indeed collects again
+      into pools and plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with difficulty,
+      if at all, into a general stream. To cast a glance into certain of those
+      pools and plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a chapter or two,
+      form the limit of our endeavor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can be
+      met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs much,
+      which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit. Teufelsdrockh
+      vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest levels, comes into
+      contact with public History itself. For example, those conversations and
+      relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan Mahmoud, the Emperor
+      Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather of a diplomatic character
+      than of a biographic? The Editor, appreciating the sacredness of crowned
+      heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible trickeries of a
+      Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the present; a new time
+      may bring new insight and a different duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was none,
+      yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of mind, the
+      Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,&mdash;the answer
+      is more distinct than favorable. "A nameless Unrest," says he, "urged me
+      forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying solace.
+      Whither should I go? My Loadstars were blotted out; in that canopy of grim
+      fire shone no star. Yet forward must I; the ground burnt under me; there
+      was no rest for the sole of my foot. I was alone, alone! Ever too the
+      strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself: towards these, one
+      after the other, must I fruitlessly wander. A feeling I had, that for my
+      fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing Fountain. To many
+      fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these days, did I pilgrim;
+      to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events: but found there no
+      healing. In strange countries, as in the well-known; in savage deserts, as
+      in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever the same: how could your
+      Wanderer escape from&mdash;<i>his own Shadow</i>? Nevertheless still
+      Forward! I felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not what. From the
+      depths of my own heart, it called to me, Forwards! The winds and the
+      streams, and all Nature sounded to me, Forwards! <i>Ach Gott</i>, I was
+      even, once for all, a Son of Time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+      active enough? He says elsewhere: "The <i>Enchiridion of Epictetus</i> I
+      had ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to
+      mention that the nourishment it yielded was trifling." Thou foolish
+      Teufelsdrockh How could it else? Hadst thou not Greek enough to understand
+      thus much: <i>The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought</i>, though
+      it were the noblest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "How I lived?" writes he once: "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+      all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds the
+      sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man? While thou stirrest
+      and livest, thou hast a probability of victual. My breakfast of tea has
+      been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped her
+      earthen kettle with a horse-tail. I have roasted wild eggs in the sand of
+      Sahara; I have awakened in Paris <i>Estrapades</i> and Vienna <i>Malzleins</i>,
+      with no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid. That I had my
+      Living to seek saved me from Dying,&mdash;by suicide. In our busy Europe,
+      is there not an everlasting demand for Intellect, in the chemical,
+      mechanical, political, religious, educational, commercial departments? In
+      Pagan countries, cannot one write Fetishes? Living! Little knowest thou
+      what alchemy is in an inventive Soul; how, as with its little finger, it
+      can create provision enough for the body (of a Philosopher); and then, as
+      with both hands, create quite other than provision; namely, spectres to
+      torment itself withal."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Poor Teufelsdrockh! Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a whole
+      Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+      comparatively a friend's! Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain, or
+      of the modern Wandering Jew,&mdash;save only that he feels himself not
+      guilty and but suffering the pains of guilt,&mdash;wend to and fro with
+      aimless speed. Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by
+      footprints), write his <i>Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh</i>; even as the great
+      Goethe, in passionate words, had to write his <i>Sorrows of Werter</i>,
+      before the spirit freed herself, and he could become a Man. Vain truly is
+      the hope of your swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!
+      Nevertheless, in these sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries
+      himself (about the age of twenty) in a world such as ours, richer than
+      usual in two things, in Truths grown obsolete, and Trades grown obsolete,&mdash;what
+      can the fool think but that it is all a Den of Lies, wherein whoso will
+      not speak Lies and act Lies, must stand idle and despair? Whereby it
+      happens that, for your nobler minds, the publishing of some such Work of
+      Art, in one or the other dialect, becomes almost a necessity. For what is
+      it properly but an Altercation with the Devil, before you begin honestly
+      Fighting him? Your Byron publishes his <i>Sorrows of Lord George</i>, in
+      verse and in prose, and copiously otherwise: your Bonaparte represents his
+      <i>Sorrows of Napoleon</i> Opera, in an all-too stupendous style; with
+      music of cannon-volleys, and murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights
+      are the fires of Conflagration; his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of
+      embattled Hosts and the sound of falling Cities.&mdash;Happier is he who,
+      like our Clothes-Philosopher, can write such matter, since it must be
+      written, on the insensible Earth, with his shoe-soles only; and also
+      survive the writing thereof!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0018" id="link2HCH0018">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. THE EVERLASTING NO.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+      shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+      progressive, and growing: for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+      stand still? We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of crisis,
+      of transition: his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution into aimless
+      Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation; wherefrom the
+      fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve itself?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such transitions are ever full of pain: thus the Eagle when he moults is
+      sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one
+      upon rocks. What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts and
+      motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of anarchy and
+      misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out: as, indeed, how
+      could there be other? Have we not seen him disappointed, bemocked of
+      Destiny, through long years? All that the young heart might desire and
+      pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance, offered and
+      then snatched away. Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of useful,
+      reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger, nothing
+      granted: till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must forcibly seize
+      for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable. Alas, his cup of
+      bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever since that first
+      "ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at the very lip; and
+      then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine business, it runs
+      over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He himself says once, with more justness than originality: "Men is,
+      properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+      this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope." What, then, was our
+      Professor's possession? We see him, for the present, quite shut out from
+      Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round into a dim
+      copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of! For, as
+      he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost all tidings of
+      another and higher. Full of religion, or at least of religiosity, as our
+      Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not that, in those days, he
+      was wholly irreligious: "Doubt had darkened into Unbelief," says he;
+      "shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till you have the fixed,
+      starless, Tartarean black." To such readers as have reflected, what can be
+      called reflecting, on man's life, and happily discovered, in contradiction
+      to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy, speculative and practical, that Soul
+      is not synonymous with Stomach; who understand, therefore, in our Friend's
+      words, "that, for man's well-being, Faith is properly the one thing
+      needful; how, with it, Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the
+      shame and the cross; and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick
+      existence, by suicide, in the midst of luxury:" to such it will be clear
+      that, for a pure moral nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the
+      loss of everything. Unhappy young man! All wounds, the crush of
+      long-continued Destitution, the stab of false Friendship and of false
+      Love, all wounds in thy so genial heart, would have healed again, had not
+      its life-warmth been withdrawn. Well might he exclaim, in his wild way:
+      "Is there no God, then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever
+      since the first Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and <i>see</i>ing
+      it go? Has the word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine
+      Messenger and Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and
+      Fear, of emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's
+      Celestial-Bed? Happiness of an approving Conscience! Did not Paul of
+      Tarsus, whom admiring men have since named Saint, feel that <i>he</i> was
+      'the chief of sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (<i>wohlgemuth</i>),
+      spend much of his time in fiddling? Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder,
+      who in thy Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself,
+      and wouldst fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,&mdash;I
+      tell thee, Nay! To the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is
+      ever the bitterest aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of
+      Virtue, that he feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of
+      injustice. What then? Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some
+      Passion; some bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others <i>profit</i>
+      by? I know not: only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness be our
+      true aim, then are we all astray. With Stupidity and sound Digestion man
+      may front much. But what, in these dull unimaginative days, are the
+      terrors of Conscience to the diseases of the Liver! Not on Morality, but
+      on Cookery, let us build our stronghold: there brandishing our frying-pan,
+      as censer, let us offer sweet incense to the Devil, and live at ease on
+      the fat things he has provided for his Elect!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done, shouting
+      question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and receive no
+      Answer but an Echo. It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair world of his;
+      wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the shrieks of
+      despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day, and no Pillar
+      of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim. To such length has the
+      spirit of Inquiry carried him. "But what boots it (<i>was thut's</i>)?"
+      cries he: "it is but the common lot in this era. Not having come to
+      spiritual majority prior to the <i>Siecle de Louis Quinze</i>, and not
+      being born purely a Loghead (<i>Dummkopf</i> ), thou hadst no other
+      outlook. The whole world is, like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old
+      Temples of the Godhead, which for long have not been rain-proof, crumble
+      down; and men ask now: Where is the Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our
+      Diogenes wicked. Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era of
+      his life was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant of
+      God, than even now when doubting God's existence. "One circumstance I
+      note," says he: "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for me,
+      what it is not always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me! I
+      nevertheless still loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance to
+      her. 'Truth!' I cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following her: no
+      Falsehood! though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of
+      Apostasy.' In conduct it was the same. Had a divine Messenger from the
+      clouds, or miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed to
+      me <i>This thou shalt do</i>, with what passionate readiness, as I often
+      thought, would I have done it, had it been leaping into the infernal Fire.
+      Thus, in spite of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical Profit-and-Loss
+      Philosophies, with the sick ophthalmia and hallucination they had brought
+      on, was the Infinite nature of Duty still dimly present to me: living
+      without God in the world, of God's light I was not utterly bereft; if my
+      as yet sealed eyes, with their unspeakable longing, could nowhere see Him,
+      nevertheless in my heart He was present, and His heaven-written Law still
+      stood legible and sacred there."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+      destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+      "The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness (<i>Unkraft</i>);
+      ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true misery. And yet
+      of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling, save by what you
+      have prospered in, by what you have done. Between vague wavering
+      Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a difference! A certain
+      inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly in us; which only our Works
+      can render articulate and decisively discernible. Our Works are the mirror
+      wherein the spirit first sees its natural lineaments. Hence, too, the
+      folly of that impossible Precept, <i>Know thyself</i>; till it be
+      translated into this partially possible one, <i>Know what thou canst work
+      at</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+      Workings amounted as yet simply to&mdash;Nothing. How then could I believe
+      in my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in? Ever did
+      this agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain
+      to me insoluble: Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even
+      as the most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern
+      times? Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could I
+      believe? Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+      Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly
+      belied? The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:
+      neither in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but
+      been everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out. A feeble
+      unit in the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing
+      given me but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness. Invisible yet
+      impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living: was
+      there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to mine?
+      O Heaven, No, there was none! I kept a lock upon my lips: why should I
+      speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends, in whose
+      withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an incredible
+      tradition? In such cases, your resource is to talk little, and that little
+      mostly from the Newspapers. Now when I look back, it was a strange
+      isolation I then lived in. The men and women around me, even speaking with
+      me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that they were alive,
+      that they were not merely automatic. In the midst of their crowded streets
+      and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as it was my own heart,
+      not another's, that I kept devouring) savage also, as the tiger in his
+      jungle. Some comfort it would have been, could I, like a Faust, have
+      fancied myself tempted and tormented of the Devil; for a Hell, as I
+      imagine, without Life, though only diabolic Life, were more frightful: but
+      in our age of Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very Devil has been pulled
+      down, you cannot so much as believe in a Devil. To me the Universe was all
+      void of Life, of Purpose, of Volition, even of Hostility: it was one huge,
+      dead, immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling on, in its dead indifference, to
+      grind me limb from limb. Oh, the vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill
+      of Death! Why was the Living banished thither companionless, conscious?
+      Why, if there is no Devil; nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the worst
+      aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh
+      threaten to fail? We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in spite
+      of his locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort. Hear this,
+      for example: "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper! Quite
+      another thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of your
+      Intellect, as it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no pure ray
+      can enter; a whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul drowning
+      slowly in quagmires of Disgust!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not find
+      in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+      significance enough? "From Suicide a certain after-shine (<i>Nachschein</i>)
+      of Christianity withheld me: perhaps also a certain indolence of
+      character; for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?
+      Often, however, was there a question present to me: Should some one now,
+      at the turning of that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the
+      other World, or other No-world, by pistol-shot,&mdash;how were it? On
+      which ground, too, I have often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other
+      death-scenes, exhibited an imperturbability, which passed, falsely enough,
+      for courage."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in
+      bitter protracted Death-agony, through long years. The heart within me,
+      unvisited by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous,
+      slow-consuming fire. Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear; or
+      once only when I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song, that
+      wild <i>Selig der den er im Siegesglanze findet</i> (Happy whom <i>he</i>
+      finds in Battle's splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even I
+      was not forsaken, that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die. Having
+      no hope, neither had I any definite fear, were it of Man or of Devil: nay,
+      I often felt as if it might be solacing, could the Arch-Devil himself,
+      though in Tartarean terrors, but rise to me, that I might tell him a
+      little of my mind. And yet, strangely enough, I lived in a continual,
+      indefinite, pining fear; tremulous, pusillanimous, apprehensive of I knew
+      not what: it seemed as if all things in the Heavens above and the Earth
+      beneath would hurt me; as if the Heavens and the Earth were but boundless
+      jaws of a devouring monster, wherein I, palpitating, waited to be
+      devoured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+      Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+      toiling along the dirty little <i>Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer</i>, among
+      civic rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot as
+      Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little
+      cheered; when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked
+      myself: 'What <i>art</i> thou afraid of? Wherefore, like a coward, dost
+      thou forever pip and whimper, and go cowering and trembling? Despicable
+      biped! what is the sum-total of the worst that lies before thee? Death?
+      Well, Death; and say the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and
+      Man may, will or can do against thee! Hast thou not a heart; canst thou
+      not suffer whatsoever it be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast,
+      trample Tophet itself under thy feet, while it consumes thee? Let it come,
+      then; I will meet it and defy it!' And as I so thought, there rushed like
+      a stream of fire over my whole soul; and I shook base Fear away from me
+      forever. I was strong, of unknown strength; a spirit, almost a god. Ever
+      from that time, the temper of my misery was changed: not Fear or whining
+      Sorrow was it, but Indignation and grim fire-eyed Defiance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (<i>das ewige Nein</i>) pealed
+      authoritatively through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then
+      was it that my whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with
+      emphasis recorded its Protest. Such a Protest, the most important
+      transaction in Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a
+      psychological point of view, be fitly called. The Everlasting No had said:
+      'Behold, thou art fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the
+      Devil's);' to which my whole Me now made answer: '<i>I</i> am not thine,
+      but Free, and forever hate thee!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth, or
+      Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a Man."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0019" id="link2HCH0019">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer
+      signifies that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation and
+      Defiance," especially against things in general, are not the most
+      peaceable inmates; yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no longer
+      a quite hopeless Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed centre to
+      revolve round. For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and
+      thunder-riven, here feels its own Freedom, which feeling is its Baphometic
+      Baptism: the citadel of its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault,
+      and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions,
+      not indeed without hard battling, will doubtless by degrees be conquered
+      and pacificated. Under another figure, we might say, if in that great
+      moment, in the <i>Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer</i>, the old inward Satanic
+      School was not yet thrown out of doors, it received peremptory judicial
+      notice to quit;&mdash;whereby, for the rest, its howl-chantings,
+      Ernulphus-cursings, and rebellious gnashings of teeth, might, in the mean
+      while, become only the more tumultuous, and difficult to keep secret.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+      discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness. Not
+      wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world; at
+      worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a
+      Spectre-queller. If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells," and
+      ever without quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little secular
+      wells, whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered. In a
+      word, he is now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own heart;"
+      and clutches round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer food. Does
+      not the following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural state?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look upon
+      with interest. How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long vista, into
+      the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of almost the
+      earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before your eyes!
+      There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire put down, say
+      only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or less triumphantly,
+      with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt, and still burns, and
+      thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof. Ah! and the far more mysterious
+      live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down there; and still
+      miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and ashes thereof (in these
+      Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its bellows-engines (in these
+      Churches), thou still seest; and its flame, looking out from every kind
+      countenance, and every hateful one, still warms thee or scorches thee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform, mystic,
+      and preserved in Tradition only: such are his Forms of Government, with
+      the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions both of Cloth-habits
+      and of Soul-habits; much more his collective stock of Handicrafts, the
+      whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating Nature: all these things, as
+      indispensable and priceless as they are, cannot in any way be fixed under
+      lock and key, but must flit, spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from
+      Father to Son; if you demand sight of them, they are nowhere to be met
+      with. Visible Ploughmen and Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and
+      Tubal-cain downwards: but where does your accumulated Agricultural,
+      Metallurgic, and other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused? It transmits
+      itself on the atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by
+      Vision); it is a thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort. In
+      like manner, ask me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT? In
+      vain wilt thou go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon;
+      thou findest nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of
+      Papers tied with tape. Where, then, is that same cunningly devised
+      almighty GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on? Everywhere, yet
+      nowhere: seen only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible;
+      or if you will, mystic and miraculous. So spiritual (<i>geistig</i>) is
+      our whole daily Life: all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit,
+      invisible Force; only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace,
+      air-built, does the Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+      extent of three: Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+      Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+      may belong; and thirdly&mdash;Books. In which third truly, the last
+      invented, lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others. Wondrous
+      indeed is the virtue of a true Book. Not like a dead city of stones,
+      yearly crumbling, yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but
+      then a spiritual field: like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it
+      stands from year to year, and from age to age (we have Books that already
+      number some hundred and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new
+      produce of leaves (Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political
+      Systems; or were it only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every
+      one of which is talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men. O
+      thou who art able to write a Book, which once in the two centuries or
+      oftener there is a man gifted to do, envy not him whom they name
+      City-builder, and inexpressibly pity him whom they name Conqueror or
+      City-burner! Thou too art a Conqueror and Victor; but of the true sort,
+      namely over the Devil: thou too hast built what will outlast all marble
+      and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City of the Mind, a Temple and
+      Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all kindreds of the Earth will
+      pilgrim.&mdash;Fool! why journeyest thou wearisomely, in thy antiquarian
+      fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of Geeza, or the clay ones of
+      Sacchara? These stand there, as I can tell thee, idle and inert, looking
+      over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the last three thousand years: but
+      canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then, or even Luther's Version
+      thereof?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+      Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that here,
+      for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date. Omitting
+      much, let us impart what follows:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Horrible enough! A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+      cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+      remaining not so much as buried. And those red mould heaps; ay, there lie
+      the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been blown;
+      and now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight, like blown
+      Egg-shells!&mdash;Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down his
+      mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and spread them
+      out here into the softest, richest level,&mdash;intend thee, O Marchfeld,
+      for a corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be nursed; or for a
+      Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be throttled and
+      tattered? Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from the ends of
+      Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then? Were thy Wagrams and Stillfrieds
+      but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of Hapsburg might
+      batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered? Konig Ottokar, amid
+      yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon; here Kaiser Franz falls
+      a-swoon under Napoleon's: within which five centuries, to omit the others,
+      how has thy breast, fair Plain, been defaced and defiled! The greensward
+      is torn up and trampled down; man's fond care of it, his fruit-trees,
+      hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings, blown away with gunpowder; and the
+      kind seedfield lies a desolate, hideous Place of Skulls.&mdash;Nevertheless,
+      Nature is at work; neither shall these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost
+      devilry gainsay her: but all that gore and carnage will be shrouded in,
+      absorbed into manure; and next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay
+      greener. Thrifty unwearied Nature, ever out of our great waste educing
+      some little profit of thy own,&mdash;how dost thou, from the very carcass
+      of the Killer, bring Life for the Living!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and
+      upshot of war? To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil, in
+      the British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls. From
+      these, by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are successively
+      selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men; Dumdrudge, at
+      her own expense, has suckled and nursed them: she has, not without
+      difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even trained them to
+      crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and the
+      weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. Nevertheless, amid much
+      weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red; and shipped
+      away, at the public charges, some two thousand miles, or say only to the
+      south of Spain; and fed there till wanted. And now to that same spot, in
+      the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French
+      Dumdrudge, in like manner wending: till at length, after infinite effort,
+      the two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting
+      Thirty, each with a gun in his hand. Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is
+      given; and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty
+      brisk useful craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must
+      bury, and anew shed tears for. Had these men any quarrel? Busy as the
+      Devil is, not the smallest! They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+      strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously, by
+      Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them. How then? Simpleton! their
+      Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another, had the
+      cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.&mdash;Alas, so is it in
+      Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old, 'what
+      devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'&mdash;In that
+      fiction of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War is
+      perhaps prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies, in
+      person, take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the same,
+      and smoke in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in: but from such
+      predicted Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and contentious
+      centuries, may still divide us!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his
+      own sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note what
+      is passing there. We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of spiritual
+      culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his life were richer
+      than this. Internally, there is the most momentous instructive Course of
+      Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going on; towards the right
+      comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits, favorable to Meditation,
+      might help him rather than hinder. Externally, again, as he wanders to and
+      fro, there are, if for the longing heart little substance, yet for the
+      seeing eye sights enough in these so boundless Travels of his, granting
+      that the Satanic School was even partially kept down, what an incredible
+      knowledge of our Planet, and its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to
+      say, of all knowable things, might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+      Constantinople and Samarcand: in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+      Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying. Unknown
+      Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory, the Air,
+      by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics came,
+      through the Eye, almost of their own accord. The ways of Man, how he seeks
+      food, and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions, are
+      ocularly known to me. Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of the
+      terraqueous Globe with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself only.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of great Scenes why speak? Three summer days, I lingered reflecting, and
+      even composing (<i>dichtete</i>), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in
+      that clear Lakelet moistened my bread. I have sat under the Palm-trees of
+      Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon. The great Wall of China
+      I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and covered
+      with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.&mdash;Great Events,
+      also, have not I witnessed? Kings sweated down (<i>ausgemergelt</i>) into
+      Berlin-and-Milan Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World
+      well lost; oftener than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by each
+      other) in one day. All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed together,
+      and shifted and shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment there, and
+      in time unite. The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith convulsed Europe
+      was groaning in cries that reached Heaven, could not escape me.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+      boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me. Great Men are the
+      inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF REVELATIONS,
+      whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by some named
+      HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men, and your
+      innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic Commentaries,
+      and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox, weekly Sermons. For
+      my study, the inspired Texts themselves! Thus did not I, in very early
+      days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand behind the field-chairs,
+      under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena Highway; waiting upon the
+      great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing what I have not forgotten.
+      For&mdash;"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &mdash;But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some
+      time ago laid down, and must suppress much. Let not the sacredness of
+      Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with. Should we, at a
+      future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for Publication,
+      then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious be conceded;
+      which for the present were little better than treacherous, perhaps
+      traitorous Eavesdroppings. Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope Pius, Emperor
+      Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari) with their
+      mysteries, no notice here! Of Napoleon himself we shall only, glancing
+      from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to have been
+      of very varied character. At first we find our poor Professor on the point
+      of being shot as a spy; then taken into private conversation, even pinched
+      on the ear, yet presented with no money; at last indignantly dismissed,
+      almost thrown out of doors, as an "Ideologist." "He himself," says the
+      Professor, "was among the completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists:
+      in the Idea (<i>in der Idee</i>) he lived, moved and fought. The man was a
+      Divine Missionary, though unconscious of it; and preached, through the
+      cannon's throat, that great doctrine, <i>La carriere ouverte aux talens</i>
+      (The Tools to him that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political
+      Evangel, wherein alone can liberty lie. Madly enough he preached, it is
+      true, as Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect
+      utterance, amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case
+      admitted. Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to
+      fell unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did not
+      entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+      notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+      boundless harvest, bless."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance and
+      emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North Cape, on
+      that June Midnight. He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak" hanging round him,
+      as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole upper-garment;" and stands
+      there, on the World-promontory, looking over the infinite Brine, like a
+      little blue Belfry (as we figure), now motionless indeed, yet ready, if
+      stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the Arctic
+      latitudes, has its character: nothing but the granite cliffs ruddy-tinged,
+      the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean, over which in the
+      utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if he too were
+      slumbering. Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and cloth-of-gold;
+      yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters, like a tremulous
+      fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide itself under my
+      feet. In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for who would speak,
+      or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and Africa, fast asleep,
+      except the watchmen; and before him the silent Immensity, and Palace of
+      the Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a porch-lamp?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+      from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean Bear,
+      hails me in Russian speech: most probably, therefore, a Russian Smuggler.
+      With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to contraband trade, my
+      humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private. In vain: the monster,
+      counting doubtless on his superior stature, and minded to make sport for
+      himself, or perhaps profit, were it with murder, continues to advance;
+      ever assailing me with his importunate train-oil breath; and now has
+      advanced, till we stand both on the verge of the rock, the deep Sea
+      rippling greedily down below. What argument will avail? On the thick
+      Hyperborean, cherubic reasoning, seraphic eloquence were lost. Prepared
+      for such extremity, I, deftly enough, whisk aside one step; draw out, from
+      my interior reservoirs, a sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be
+      so obliging as retire, Friend (<i>Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund</i>), and
+      with promptitude!' This logic even the Hyperborean understands: fast
+      enough, with apologetic, petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for
+      suicidal as well as homicidal purposes, need not return.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder: that it makes all men
+      alike tall. Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more <i>Mind</i>,
+      though all but no <i>Body</i> whatever, then canst thou kill me first, and
+      art the taller. Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless, and the David
+      resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive Spiritualism is all.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas. Few things, in this
+      so surprising world, strike me with more surprise. Two little visual
+      Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of the
+      UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,&mdash;make
+      pause at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and,
+      simultaneously by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into
+      Dissolution; and off-hand become Air, and Non-extant! Deuce on it (<i>verdammt</i>),
+      the little spitfires!&mdash;Nay, I think with old Hugo von Trimberg: 'God
+      must needs laugh outright, could such a thing be, to see his wondrous
+      Manikins here below.'"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality, which
+      is our chief quest here: How prospered the inner man of Teufelsdrockh,
+      under so much outward shifting! Does Legion still lurk in him, though
+      repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood? We can answer that the
+      symptoms continue promising. Experience is the grand spiritual Doctor; and
+      with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a patient, swallowing many a
+      bitter bolus. Unless our poor Friend belong to the numerous class of
+      Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure will doubtless be effected.
+      We should rather say that Legion, or the Satanic School, was now pretty
+      well extirpated and cast out, but next to nothing introduced in its room;
+      whereby the heart remains, for the while, in a quiet but no comfortable
+      state.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I
+      was what you might name calcined. Pray only that it be not rather, as is
+      the more frequent issue, reduced to a <i>caput-mortuum</i>! But in any
+      case, by mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.
+      Wretchedness was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it,
+      and despise it. Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not
+      found a Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his
+      brave garnitures, miserable enough? Thy wishes have all been sniffed
+      aside, thought I: but what, had they even been all granted! Did not the
+      Boy Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole
+      Solar System; or after that, a whole Universe? <i>Ach Gott</i>, when I
+      gazed into these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity,
+      from their serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over
+      the little lot of man! Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our
+      own, have been swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them
+      any more; and Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still
+      shining in their courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first
+      noted them in the plain of Shinar. Pshaw! what is this paltry little
+      Dog-cage of an Earth; what art thou that sittest whining there? Thou art
+      still Nothing, Nobody: true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody? For
+      thee the Family of Man has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a
+      dissevered limb: so be it; perhaps it is better so!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh! Yet surely his bands are loosening; one day
+      he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with a
+      second youth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+      reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the
+      Positive must necessarily pass."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0020" id="link2HCH0020">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      "Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all
+      to be tried with such? Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by
+      birth, be dispossessed. Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is
+      the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force:
+      thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought
+      battle. For the God-given mandate, <i>Work thou in Well-doing</i>, lies
+      mysteriously written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts;
+      and leaves us no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed;
+      till it burn forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.
+      And as the clay-given mandate, <i>Eat thou and be filled</i>, at the same
+      time persuasively proclaims itself through every nerve,&mdash;must not
+      there be a confusion, a contest, before the better Influence can become
+      the upper?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+      God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay must
+      now be vanquished or vanquish,&mdash;should be carried of the spirit into
+      grim Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle with
+      him; defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly. Name it as we
+      choose: with or without visible Devil, whether in the natural Desert of
+      rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of selfishness and
+      baseness,&mdash;to such Temptation are we all called. Unhappy if we are
+      not! Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine handwriting has
+      never blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor; but quivers
+      dubiously amid meaner lights: or smoulders, in dull pain, in darkness,
+      under earthly vapors!&mdash;Our Wilderness is the wide World in an
+      Atheistic Century; our Forty Days are long years of suffering and fasting:
+      nevertheless, to these also comes an end. Yes, to me also was given, if
+      not Victory, yet the consciousness of Battle, and the resolve to persevere
+      therein while life or faculty is left. To me also, entangled in the
+      enchanted forests, demon-peopled, doleful of sight and of sound, it was
+      given, after weariest wanderings, to work out my way into the higher
+      sunlit slopes&mdash;of that Mountain which has no summit, or whose summit
+      is in Heaven only!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once for
+      all, natural to him: "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient men (<i>tuchtigen
+      Manner</i>) thou hast known in this generation? An outflush of foolish
+      young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as many weeds as
+      valuable herbs: this all parched away, under the Droughts of practical and
+      spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and act, often-repeated
+      gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled into Denial! If I have had
+      a second-crop, and now see the perennial greensward, and sit under
+      umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and Doubt); herein too, be the
+      Heavens praised, I am not without examples, and even exemplars."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious revolution:"
+      these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of his were but
+      some purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his apostolic work
+      (such as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now happily over, and
+      the Devil once more worsted! Was "that high moment in the <i>Rue de
+      l'Enfer</i>," then, properly the turning-point of the battle; when the
+      Fiend said, <i>Worship me, or be torn in shreds</i>; and was answered
+      valiantly with an <i>Apage Satana</i>?&mdash;Singular Teufelsdrockh, would
+      thou hadst told thy singular story in plain words! But it is fruitless to
+      look there, in those Paper-bags, for such. Nothing but innuendoes,
+      figurative crotchets: a typical Shadow, fitfully wavering,
+      prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture. "How paint to the sensual
+      eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies of Man's Soul; in
+      what words, known to these profane times, speak even afar-off of the
+      unspeakable?" We ask in turn: Why perplex these times, profane as they
+      are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by commission? Not mystical
+      only is our Professor, but whimsical; and involves himself, now more than
+      ever, in eye-bewildering <i>chiaroscuro</i>. Successive glimpses, here
+      faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must endeavor to combine for
+      their own behoof.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He says: "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+      silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear. I paused in
+      my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was as
+      if the hour of change drew nigh. I seemed to surrender, to renounce
+      utterly, and say: Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no
+      more, I will believe you no more. And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear, I
+      care not for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie. Let me rest here: for
+      I am way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to die: to
+      die or to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."&mdash;And again:
+      "Here, then, as I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by
+      benignant upper Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled
+      gradually away, and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth. The first
+      preliminary moral Act, Annihilation of Self (<i>Selbst-todtung</i>), had
+      been happily accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its
+      hands ungyved."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+      Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+      cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+      already taking wholesome effect on him? If it were not that the tone, in
+      some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+      expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest
+      Dualism: light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the
+      fore-court, while by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe
+      and wail. We transcribe the piece entire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and
+      meditating; on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me, as
+      roof, the azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing
+      curtains,&mdash;namely, of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes
+      also I have seen gilding. And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood
+      sheltered in these Mountain hollows; with their green flower-lawns, and
+      white dames and damosels, lovely enough: or better still, the straw-roofed
+      Cottages, wherein stood many a Mother baking bread, with her children
+      round her:&mdash;all hidden and protectingly folded up in the
+      valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as if I beheld them. Or to see,
+      as well as fancy, the nine Towns and Villages, that lay round my
+      mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were wont to speak to me (by their
+      steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in almost all weather, proclaimed
+      their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds; whereon, as on a culinary
+      horologe, I might read the hour of the day. For it was the smoke of
+      cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday, eventide, were boiling
+      their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose up into the air,
+      successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine, saying, as plainly
+      as smoke could say: Such and such a meal is getting ready here. Not
+      uninteresting! For you have the whole Borough, with all its love-makings
+      and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as in miniature, and
+      could cover it all with your hat.&mdash;If, in my wide Way-farings, I had
+      learned to look into the business of the World in its details, here
+      perhaps was the place for combining it into general propositions, and
+      deducing inferences therefrom.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+      Distance: round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+      vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad
+      witch's hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear sunbeam,
+      your Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor had held snow.
+      How thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great fermenting-vat and
+      laboratory of an Atmosphere, of a World, O Nature!&mdash;Or what is
+      Nature? Ha! why do I not name thee GOD? Art not thou the 'Living Garment
+      of God'? O Heavens, is it, in very deed, HE, then, that ever speaks
+      through thee; that lives and loves in thee, that lives and loves in me?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+      Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul. Sweeter than
+      Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice
+      to her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults;
+      like soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated heart, came
+      that Evangel. The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a charnel-house
+      with spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman: with an
+      infinite Love, an infinite Pity. Poor, wandering, wayward man! Art thou
+      not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am? Ever, whether thou bear
+      the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary, so
+      heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave. O my Brother, my Brother,
+      why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears from thy
+      eyes!&mdash;Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this solitude,
+      with the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening discord,
+      but a melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a dumb
+      creature, which in the ear of Heaven are prayers. The poor Earth, with her
+      poor joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man, with his
+      so mad Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to me; and even
+      for his sufferings and his sins, I now first named him Brother. Thus was I
+      standing in the porch of that '<i>Sanctuary of Sorrow</i>;' by strange,
+      steep ways had I too been guided thither; and ere long its sacred gates
+      would open, and the '<i>Divine Depth of Sorrow</i>' lie disclosed to me."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+      strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free. "A vain
+      interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present called
+      Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since the
+      beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from idle
+      Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to. The most,
+      in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+      Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+      indispensable. In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in different
+      terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become obsolete, and is
+      found unserviceable. For it is man's nature to change his Dialect from
+      century to century; he cannot help it though he would. The authentic <i>Church-Catechism</i>
+      of our present century has not yet fallen into my hands: meanwhile, for my
+      own private behoof I attempt to elucidate the matter so. Man's
+      Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his Greatness; it is because there is
+      an Infinite in him, which with all his cunning he cannot quite bury under
+      the Finite. Will the whole Finance Ministers and Upholsterers and
+      Confectioners of modern Europe undertake, in joint-stock company, to make
+      one Shoeblack HAPPY? They cannot accomplish it, above an hour or two: for
+      the Shoeblack also has a Soul quite other than his Stomach; and would
+      require, if you consider it, for his permanent satisfaction and
+      saturation, simply this allotment, no more, and no less: <i>God's infinite
+      Universe altogether to himself</i>, therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill
+      every wish as fast as it rose. Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of
+      Ophiuchus: speak not of them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as
+      nothing. No sooner is your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might
+      have been of better vintage. Try him with half of a Universe, of an
+      Omnipotence, he sets to quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half,
+      and declares himself the most maltreated of men.&mdash;Always there is a
+      black spot in our sunshine: it is even, as I said, the <i>Shadow of
+      Ourselves</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus. By certain
+      valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+      average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+      indefeasible right. It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+      requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such <i>overplus</i> as there
+      may be do we account Happiness; any <i>deficit</i> again is Misery. Now
+      consider that we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what
+      a fund of Self-conceit there is in each of us,&mdash;do you wonder that
+      the balance should so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry:
+      See there, what a payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!&mdash;I tell
+      thee, Blockhead, it all comes of thy Vanity; of what thou <i>fanciest</i>
+      those same deserts of thine to be. Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged
+      (as is most likely), thou wilt feel it happiness to be only shot: fancy
+      that thou deservest to be hanged in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to
+      die in hemp.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So true is it, what I then said, that <i>the Fraction of Life can be
+      increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by
+      lessening your Denominator</i>. Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, <i>Unity</i>
+      itself divided by <i>Zero</i> will give <i>Infinity</i>. Make thy claim of
+      wages a zero, then; thou hast the world under thy feet. Well did the
+      Wisest of our time write: 'It is only with Renunciation (<i>Entsagen</i>)
+      that Life, properly speaking, can be said to begin.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I asked myself: What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+      been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account
+      of? Say it in a word: is it not because thou art not HAPPY? Because the
+      THOU (sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished,
+      soft-bedded, and lovingly cared for? Foolish soul! What Act of Legislature
+      was there that <i>thou</i> shouldst be Happy? A little while ago thou
+      hadst no right to <i>be</i> at all. What if thou wert born and predestined
+      not to be Happy, but to be Unhappy! Art thou nothing other than a Vulture,
+      then, that fliest through the Universe seeking after somewhat to <i>eat</i>;
+      and shrieking dolefully because carrion enough is not given thee? Close
+      thy <i>Byron</i>; open thy <i>Goethe</i>."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Es leuchtet mir ein</i>, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:
+      "there is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness: he can do without
+      Happiness, and instead thereof find Blessedness! Was it not to preach
+      forth this same HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest, in
+      all times, have spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life and
+      through death, of the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike only
+      has he Strength and Freedom? Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou also
+      honored to be taught; O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful
+      Afflictions, even till thou become contrite and learn it! Oh, thank thy
+      Destiny for these; thankfully bear what yet remain: thou hadst need of
+      them; the Self in thee needed to be annihilated. By benignant
+      fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the deep-seated chronic Disease, and
+      triumphs over Death. On the roaring billows of Time, thou art not
+      engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of Eternity. Love not Pleasure;
+      love God. This is the EVERLASTING YEA, wherein all contradiction is
+      solved: wherein whoso walks and works, it is well with him."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And again: "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+      injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee: thou canst love
+      the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for
+      this a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent. Knowest thou
+      that '<i>Worship of Sorrow</i>'? The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen
+      centuries ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation of
+      doleful creatures: nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt, arched
+      out of falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and its
+      sacred Lamp perennially burning."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor will
+      only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more questionable
+      character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay wherein he himself
+      does not see his way. Nebulous disquisitions on Religion, yet not without
+      bursts of splendor; on the "perennial continuance of Inspiration;" on
+      Prophecy; that there are "true Priests, as well as Baal-Priests, in our
+      own day:" with more of the like sort. We select some fractions, by way of
+      finish to this farrago.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+      Professor: "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+      finished. Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+      considerable or otherwise: That the Mythus of the Christian Religion looks
+      not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth. Alas, were thy
+      six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other quartos and
+      folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since on the same
+      subject, all needed to convince us of so little! But what next? Wilt thou
+      help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in a new Mythus, in a
+      new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise too like perishing, may
+      live? What! thou hast no faculty in that kind? Only a torch for burning,
+      no hammer for building? Take our thanks, then, and&mdash;thyself away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me? Or is the God present, felt
+      in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out of me;
+      or dispute into me? To the '<i>Worship of Sorrow</i>' ascribe what origin
+      and genesis thou pleasest, <i>has</i> not that Worship originated, and
+      been generated; is it not <i>here</i>? Feel it in thy heart, and then say
+      whether it is of God! This is Belief; all else is Opinion,&mdash;for which
+      latter whoso will, let him worry and be worried."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+      struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like: try rather to get a
+      little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself. One BIBLE I
+      know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible; nay
+      with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it: thereof all other Bibles
+      are but Leaves,&mdash;say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker
+      faculty."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him
+      take the following perhaps more intelligible passage:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+      warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable. Hast thou
+      in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think well what
+      the meaning thereof is. If thou gauge it to the bottom, it is simply this:
+      'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of Happiness in the
+      world, something from my share: which, by the Heavens, thou shalt not; nay
+      I will fight thee rather.'&mdash;Alas, and the whole lot to be divided is
+      such a beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for the substance has
+      been spilled out: not enough to quench one Appetite; and the collective
+      human species clutching at them!&mdash;Can we not, in all such cases,
+      rather say: 'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take that pitiful
+      additional fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but which thou so
+      wantest; take it with a blessing: would to Heaven I had enough for thee!'&mdash;If
+      Fichte's <i>Wissenschaftslehre</i> be, 'to a certain extent, Applied
+      Christianity,' surely to a still greater extent, so is this. We have here
+      not a Whole Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the Passive half: could
+      we but do it, as we can demonstrate it!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till it
+      convert itself into Conduct. Nay properly Conviction is not possible till
+      then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a vortex
+      amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience does it
+      find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a system.
+      Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any sort cannot
+      be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let him who gropes
+      painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays vehemently that the
+      dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well to heart, which to me
+      was of invaluable service: '<i>Do the Duty which lies nearest thee</i>,'
+      which thou knowest to be a Duty! Thy second Duty will already have become
+      clearer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+      even this: When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+      struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+      thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario in
+      <i>Wilhelm Meister</i>, that your 'America is here or nowhere'? The
+      Situation that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man.
+      Yes here, in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual, wherein
+      thou even now standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal: work it out
+      therefrom; and working, believe, live, be free. Fool! the Ideal is in
+      thyself, the impediment too is in thyself: thy Condition is but the stuff
+      thou art to shape that same Ideal out of: what matters whether such stuff
+      be of this sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic, be poetic? O
+      thou that pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and criest bitterly to
+      the gods for a kingdom wherein to rule and create, know this of a truth:
+      the thing thou seekest is already with thee, 'here or nowhere,' couldst
+      thou only see!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature: the beginning of
+      Creation is&mdash;Light. Till the eye have vision, the whole members are
+      in bonds. Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over the
+      wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken: Let there be Light! Ever to the
+      greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+      God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest and least.
+      The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled conflicting
+      elements bind themselves into separate Firmaments: deep silent
+      rock-foundations are built beneath; and the skyey vault with its
+      everlasting Luminaries above: instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have a
+      blooming, fertile, heaven-encompassed World.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World, or even
+      Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal
+      fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name! 'Tis the utmost thou
+      hast in thee: out with it, then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy hand findeth to
+      do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called To-day; for the
+      Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0021" id="link2HCH0021">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. PAUSE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+      circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+      successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and almost
+      Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself seems to
+      consider as Conversion. "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice rather
+      that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in our modern
+      Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients. The Old World knew nothing of
+      Conversion; instead of an <i>Ecce Homo</i>, they had only some <i>Choice
+      of Hercules</i>. It was a new-attained progress in the Moral Development
+      of man: hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of the most
+      Limited; what to Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates a chimera,
+      is now clear and certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys, and the
+      poorest of their Pietists and Methodists."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh commences:
+      we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with the spirit and
+      clear aims of a Man. He has discovered that the Ideal Workshop he so
+      panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished Workshop he has so long
+      been stumbling in. He can say to himself: "Tools? Thou hast no Tools? Why,
+      there is not a Man, or a Thing, now alive but has tools. The basest of
+      created animalcules, the Spider itself, has a spinning-jenny, and
+      warping-mill, and power-loom within its head: the stupidest of Oysters has
+      a Papin's-Digester, with stone-and-lime house to hold it in: every being
+      that can live can do something: this let him <i>do</i>.&mdash;Tools? Hast
+      thou not a Brain, furnished, furnishable with some glimmerings of Light;
+      and three fingers to hold a Pen withal? Never since Aaron's Rod went out
+      of practice, or even before it, was there such a wonder-working Tool:
+      greater than all recorded miracles have been performed by Pens. For
+      strangely in this so solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in
+      continual restless flux, it is appointed that <i>Sound</i>, to appearance
+      the most fleeting, should be the most continuing of all things. The WORD
+      is well said to be omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can
+      create as by a <i>Fiat</i>. Awake, arise! Speak forth what is in thee;
+      what God has given thee, what the Devil shall not take away. Higher task
+      than that of Priesthood was allotted to no man: wert thou but the meanest
+      in that sacred Hierarchy, is it not honor enough therein to spend and be
+      spent?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+      handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden. Writings of
+      mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps not
+      altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my unseen
+      sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there. I thank the Heavens that I
+      have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible result, I
+      am minded diligently to persevere.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant Device,
+      now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like a grain of
+      right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now stretching out
+      strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the air to lodge in,&mdash;may
+      have been properly my doing? Some one's doing, it without doubt was; from
+      some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of all take beginning: why
+      not from some Idea in mine?" Does Teufelsdrockh, here glance at that
+      "SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY (<i>Eigenthums-conservirende
+      Gesellschaft</i>)," of which so many ambiguous notices glide spectra-like
+      through these inexpressible Paper-bags? "An Institution," hints he, "not
+      unsuitable to the wants of the time; as indeed such sudden extension
+      proves: for already can the Society number, among its office-bearers or
+      corresponding members, the highest Names, if not the highest Persons, in
+      Germany, England, France; and contributions, both of money and of
+      meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if possible, enlist the
+      remaining Integrity of the world, and, defensively and with forethought,
+      marshal it round this Palladium." Does Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give
+      himself out as the originator of that so notable <i>Eigenthums-conservirende</i>
+      ("Owndom-conserving") <i>Gesellschaft</i>; and if so, what, in the Devil's
+      name, is it? He again hints: "At a time when the divine Commandment, <i>Thou
+      shalt not steal</i>, wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the
+      whole Hebrew Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions,
+      Justinian's Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms,
+      Divinities, Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and
+      enforced with Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance: at a
+      time, I say, when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the
+      general remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite
+      Commandment, <i>Thou shalt steal</i>, is everywhere promulgated,&mdash;it
+      perhaps behooved, in this universal dotage and deliration, the sound
+      portion of mankind to bestir themselves and rally. When the widest and
+      wildest violations of that divine right of Property, the only divine right
+      now extant or conceivable, are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious
+      Press, and the world has lived to hear it asserted that <i>we have no
+      Property in our very Bodies, but only an accidental Possession and
+      Life-rent</i>, what is the issue to be looked for? Hangmen and Catchpoles
+      may, by their noose-gins and baited fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort
+      of vermin; but what, except perhaps some such Universal Association, can
+      protect us against whole meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of
+      Boa-constrictors. If, therefore, the more sequestered Thinker have
+      wondered, in his privacy, from what hand that perhaps not ill-written <i>Program</i>
+      in the Public Journals, with its high <i>Prize-Questions</i> and so
+      liberal <i>Prizes</i>, could have proceeded,&mdash;let him now cease such
+      wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to the <i>Concurrenz</i>
+      (Competition)."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We ask: Has this same "perhaps not ill-written <i>Program</i>," or any
+      other authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen
+      under the eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic?
+      If so, what are those <i>Prize-Questions</i>; what are the terms of
+      Competition, and when and where? No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther
+      light of any sort, to be met with in these Paper-bags! Or is the whole
+      business one other of those whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities,
+      whereby Herr Teufelsdrockh, meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often
+      to play fast-and-loose with us?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+      suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him;
+      paralyzing any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his thorny
+      Biographical task a labor of love. It is a suspicion grounded perhaps on
+      trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and more
+      discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in whom
+      underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel within wheel,
+      defy all reckoning: a suspicion, in one word, that these Autobiographical
+      Documents are partly a mystification! What if many a so-called Fact were
+      little better than a Fiction; if here we had no direct Camera-obscura
+      Picture of the Professor's History; but only some more or less fantastic
+      Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly enough, shadowing forth
+      the same! Our theory begins to be that, in receiving as literally
+      authentic what was but hieroglyphically so, Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in
+      that case we scruple not to name Hofrath Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of,
+      and set adrift to make fools of others. Could it be expected, indeed, that
+      a man so known for impenetrable reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at
+      once frankly unlock his private citadel to an English Editor and a German
+      Hofrath; and not rather deceptively <i>in</i>lock both Editor and Hofrath
+      in the labyrinthic tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having
+      enticed them thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools
+      would look?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself short.
+      On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being all but
+      invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher, the following:
+      "What are your historical Facts; still more your biographical? Wilt thou
+      know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing together bead-rolls of what
+      thou namest Facts? The Man is the spirit he worked in; not what he did,
+      but what he became. Facts are engraved Hierograms, for which the fewest
+      have the key. And then how your Blockhead (<i>Dummkopf</i>) studies not
+      their Meaning; but simply whether they are well or ill cut, what he calls
+      Moral or Immoral! Still worse is it with your Bungler (<i>Pfuscher</i>):
+      such I have seen reading some Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation;
+      and mistaking the ill-cut Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous
+      reptile." Was the Professor apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the
+      present boasts himself, might mistake the Teufelsdrockh
+      Serpent-of-Eternity in like manner? For which reason it was to be altered,
+      not without underhand satire, into a plainer Symbol? Or is this merely one
+      of his half-sophisms, half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of
+      a Figure, he cares not whither it gallop? We say not with certainty; and
+      indeed, so strange is the Professor, can never say. If our suspicion be
+      wholly unfounded, let his own questionable ways, not our necessary
+      circumspectness bear the blame.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+      Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present. Let it
+      suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+      what he became:" the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+      bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for. The
+      imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche: and such, wheresoever be its
+      flight, it will continue. To trace by what complex gyrations (flights or
+      involuntary waftings) through the mere external Life-element,
+      Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and the Psyche
+      clothes herself in civic Titles, without altering her now fixed nature,&mdash;would
+      be comparatively an unproductive task, were we even unsuspicious of its
+      being, for us at least, a false and impossible one. His outward Biography,
+      therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we saw churned utterly into
+      spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for aught that concerns us here.
+      Enough that by survey of certain "pools and plashes," we have ascertained
+      its general direction; do we not already know that, by one way and other,
+      it <i>has</i> long since rained down again into a stream; and even now, at
+      Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still, fraught with the <i>Philosophy of
+      Clothes</i>, and visible to whoso will cast eye thereon? Over much
+      invaluable matter, that lies scattered, like jewels among quarry-rubbish,
+      in those Paper-catacombs, we may have occasion to glance back, and
+      somewhat will demand insertion at the right place: meanwhile be our
+      tiresome diggings therein suspended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      If now, before reopening the great <i>Clothes-Volume</i>, we ask what our
+      degree of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+      understanding of the <i>Clothes-Philosophy</i>, let not our discouragement
+      become total. To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+      Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+      drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+      chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+      conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So much we already calculate: Through many a little loophole, we have had
+      glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange mystic,
+      almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually drawn, is
+      not henceforth altogether dark to us. Those mysterious ideas on TIME,
+      which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible with such,
+      may by and by prove significant. Still more may his somewhat peculiar view
+      of Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature. How all Nature and
+      Life are but one <i>Garment</i>, a "Living Garment," woven and ever
+      a-weaving in the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline of a
+      whole <i>Clothes-Philosophy</i>; at least the arena it is to work in?
+      Remark, too, that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning in such
+      a matter, becomes less enigmatic: amid so much tumultuous obscurity,
+      almost like diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable Defiance and yet
+      a boundless Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two mountain-summits, on
+      whose rock-strata all the rest were based and built?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+      even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it
+      were preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy? To look through the Shows of
+      things into Things themselves he is led and compelled. The "Passivity"
+      given him by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune. Everywhere
+      cast out, like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in any
+      public Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of
+      Meditation. The whole energy of his existence is directed, through long
+      years, on one task: that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it. Thus
+      everywhere do the Shows of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten him
+      with fearfullest destruction: only by victoriously penetrating into Things
+      themselves can he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this same
+      looking through the Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the first
+      preliminary to a <i>Philosophy of Clothes</i>? Do we not, in all this,
+      discern some beckonings towards the true higher purport of such a
+      Philosophy; and what shape it must assume with such a man, in such an era?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+      without guess whither he is bound: nor, let us hope, for all the fantastic
+      Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh, he must
+      wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a steady
+      Polar Star.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0024" id="link2H_4_0024">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BOOK III.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0022" id="link2HCH0022">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an early
+      part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself. Striking
+      it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force of vision and of
+      heart he pierced into the mystery of the World; recognizing in the highest
+      sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went, only fresh or faded Raiment; yet
+      ever, under this, a celestial Essence thereby rendered visible: and while,
+      on the one hand, he trod the old rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into
+      the mire, he on the other everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly
+      principalities and powers, and worshipped it, though under the meanest
+      shapes, with a true Platonic mysticism. What the man ultimately purposed
+      by thus casting his Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe;
+      what such, more or less complete, rending and burning of Garments
+      throughout the whole compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should
+      lead to; the rather as he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not,
+      like Rousseau, recommend either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a
+      return to the savage state: all this our readers are now bent to discover;
+      this is, in fact, properly the gist and purport of Professor
+      Teufelsdrockh's Philosophy of Clothes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much evolved,
+      as detected to lie ready for evolving. We are to guide our British Friends
+      into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines; nowise to dig out and
+      exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all time inexhaustible. Once
+      there, let each dig for his own behoof, and enrich himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the Professor's,
+      can our course now more than formerly be straightforward, step by step,
+      but at best leap by leap. Significant Indications stand out here and
+      there; which for the critical eye, that looks both widely and narrowly,
+      shape themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole: to select these with
+      judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be possible, and (in our
+      old figure) by chaining them together, a passable Bridge be effected:
+      this, as heretofore, continues our only method. Among such light-spots,
+      the following, floating in much wild matter about <i>Perfectibility</i>,
+      has seemed worth clutching at:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+      Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+      Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident
+      passed carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree of
+      ridicule by others: namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+      Leather. This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker, was
+      one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of the
+      Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls of
+      Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable
+      Awfulness, unspeakable Beauty, on their souls: who therefore are rightly
+      accounted Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods it has
+      chanced. Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid pincers,
+      paste-horns, rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of rubbish, this
+      youth had, nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him; also an antique
+      Inspired Volume, through which, as through a window, it could look
+      upwards, and discern its celestial Home. The task of a daily pair of
+      shoes, coupled even with some prospect of victuals, and an honorable
+      Mastership in Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of Thirdborough in his
+      hundred, as the crown of long faithful sewing,&mdash;was nowise
+      satisfaction enough to such a mind: but ever amid the boring and hammering
+      came tones from that far country, came Splendors and Terrors; for this
+      poor Cordwainer, as we said, was a Man; and the Temple of Immensity,
+      wherein as Man he had been sent to minister, was full of holy mystery to
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters of
+      that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+      consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to 'drink
+      beer, and dance with the girls.' Blind leaders of the blind! For what end
+      were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their shovel-hats
+      scooped out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt on; and such a
+      church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other racketing, held
+      over that spot of God's Earth,&mdash;if Man were but a Patent Digester,
+      and the Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality? Fox turned from them,
+      with tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings and his Bible.
+      Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been heaped over that
+      Spirit: but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried there. Through long
+      days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and wrestled, with a man's
+      force, to be free: how its prison-mountains heaved and swayed
+      tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this hand and that, and
+      emerged into the light of Heaven! That Leicester shoe-shop, had men known
+      it, was a holier place than any Vatican or Loretto-shrine.&mdash;'So
+      bandaged, and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he, 'with thousand
+      requisitions, obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags, I can neither see
+      nor move: not my own am I, but the World's; and Time flies fast, and
+      Heaven is high, and Hell is deep: Man! bethink thee, if thou hast power of
+      Thought! Why not; what binds me here? Want, want!&mdash;Ha, of what? Will
+      all the shoe-wages under the Moon ferry me across into that far Land of
+      Light? Only Meditation can, and devout Prayer to God. I will to the woods:
+      the hollow of a tree will lodge me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes,
+      cannot I stitch myself one perennial suit of Leather!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts I
+      never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject were
+      easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as if such
+      first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and more into Day,
+      the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its hindrances and its
+      horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is in History. Let some
+      living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and understanding heart, picture
+      George Fox on that morning, when he spreads out his cutting-board for the
+      last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted patterns, and stitches them
+      together into one continuous all-including Case, the farewell service of
+      his awl! Stitch away, thou noble Fox: every prick of that little
+      instrument is pricking into the heart of Slavery, and World-worship, and
+      the Mammon-god. Thy elbows jerk, as in strong swimmer-strokes, and every
+      stroke is bearing thee across the Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds
+      her Workhouse and Ragfair, into lands of true Liberty; were the work done,
+      there is in broad Europe one Free Man, and thou art he!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and
+      for the Poor also a Gospel has been published. Surely if, as D'Alembert
+      asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+      Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is George
+      Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes himself: for he
+      too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood, casting aside all props
+      and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride, undervaluing the Earth; valuing
+      it rather, as a place to yield him warmth and food, he looks Heavenward
+      from his Earth, and dwells in an element of Mercy and Worship, with a
+      still Strength, such as the Cynic's Tub did nowise witness. Great, truly,
+      was that Tub; a temple from which man's dignity and divinity was
+      scornfully preached abroad: but greater is the Leather Hull, for the same
+      sermon was preached there, and not in Scorn but in Love."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn quite
+      into ashes for nigh two centuries: why, in a discussion on the <i>Perfectibility
+      of Society</i>, reproduce it now? Not out of blind sectarian partisanship:
+      Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all his pacific tendencies, did
+      not we see him, in that scene at the North Cape, with the Archangel
+      Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+      passage than meets the ear. At the same time, who can avoid smiling at the
+      earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an underhand
+      satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought forward; and, in
+      the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as he durst in
+      Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation! Does Teufelsdrockh anticipate
+      that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class of the community,
+      by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and escaping from what he
+      calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair," where doubtless some of them are
+      toiled and whipped and hoodwinked sufficiently,&mdash;will sheathe
+      themselves in close-fitting cases of Leather? The idea is ridiculous in
+      the extreme. Will Majesty lay aside its robes of state, and Beauty its
+      frills and train-gowns, for a second skin of tanned hide? By which change
+      Huddersfield and Manchester, and Coventry and Paisley, and the
+      Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry solitudes; and only Day and Martin
+      could profit. For neither would Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we
+      presume covertly intended, of levelling Society (<i>levelling</i> it
+      indeed with a vengeance, into one huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining
+      the political effects of Nudity without its frigorific or other
+      consequences,&mdash;be thereby realized. Would not the rich man purchase a
+      waterproof suit of Russia Leather; and the high-born Belle step forth in
+      red or azure morocco, lined with shamoy: the black cowhide being left to
+      the Drudges and Gibeonites of the world; and so all the old Distinctions
+      be re-established?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve at
+      our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0023" id="link2HCH0023">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Not less questionable is his Chapter on <i>Church-Clothes</i>, which has
+      the farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume. We here
+      translate it entire:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+      than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+      Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in. Far from it! Church-Clothes are,
+      in our vocabulary, the Forms, the <i>Vestures</i>, under which men have at
+      various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+      Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+      sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as
+      a living and life-giving WORD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+      garnitures of Human Existence. They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+      by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or
+      three are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent, and
+      indeed indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly manifests
+      itself (as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be embodied in a
+      visible Communion and Church Militant. Mystical, more than magical, is
+      that Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward: here properly
+      Soul first speaks with Soul; for only in looking heavenward, take it in
+      what sense you may, not in looking earthward, does what we can call Union,
+      mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible. How true is that of Novalis:
+      'It is certain, my Belief gains quite <i>infinitely</i> the moment I can
+      convince another mind thereof'! Gaze thou in the face of thy Brother, in
+      those eyes where plays the lambent fire of Kindness, or in those where
+      rages the lurid conflagration of Anger; feel how thy own so quiet Soul is
+      straightway involuntarily kindled with the like, and ye blaze and
+      reverberate on each other, till it is all one limitless confluent flame
+      (of embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling Hate); and then say what
+      miraculous virtue goes out of man into man. But if so, through all the
+      thick-plied hulls of our Earthly Life; how much more when it is of the
+      Divine Life we speak, and inmost ME is, as it were, brought into contact
+      with inmost ME!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven by
+      Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes possible
+      by Religion. Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and present,
+      may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or other of
+      these three predicaments: an audibly preaching and prophesying Church,
+      which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach and prophesy,
+      but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and worst, a Church
+      gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium prior to
+      dissolution. Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant Chapter-houses and
+      Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere speech and chanting, let
+      him," says the oracular Professor, "read on, light of heart (<i>getrosten
+      Muthes</i>).
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+      recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+      such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+      exist. For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+      Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+      Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+      Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying <i>under</i> such
+      SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;&mdash;then is Religion the inmost
+      Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm Circulation
+      to the whole. Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones and Muscles (of
+      Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic vitality; the SKIN
+      would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting rawhide; and Society
+      itself a dead carcass,&mdash;deserving to be buried. Men were no longer
+      Social, but Gregarious; which latter state also could not continue, but
+      must gradually issue in universal selfish discord, hatred, savage
+      isolation, and dispersion;&mdash;whereby, as we might continue to say, the
+      very dust and dead body of Society would have evaporated and become
+      abolished. Such, and so all-important, all-sustaining, are the
+      Church-Clothes to civilized or even to rational men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+      sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become mere
+      hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit any longer
+      dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid accumulation,
+      drive their trade; and the mask still glares on you with its glass eyes,
+      in ghastly affectation of Life,&mdash;some generation-and-half after
+      Religion has quite withdrawn from it, and in unnoticed nooks is weaving
+      for herself new Vestures, wherewith to reappear, and bless us, or our sons
+      or grandsons. As a Priest, or Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and
+      highest of all men, so is a Sham-priest (<i>Schein-priester</i>) the
+      falsest and basest; neither is it doubtful that his Canonicals, were they
+      Popes' Tiaras, will one day be torn from him, to make bandages for the
+      wounds of mankind; or even to burn into tinder, for general scientific or
+      culinary purposes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second Volume,
+      <i>On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society</i>; which volume, as
+      treating practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture of Spiritual
+      Tissues, or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the Transcendental or
+      ultimate Portion of this my work on <i>Clothes</i>, and is already in a
+      state of forwardness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added, does
+      Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular chapter on
+      Church-Clothes!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0024" id="link2HCH0024">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. SYMBOLS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure
+      utterances, if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations on
+      <i>Symbols</i>. To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our
+      compass: nowhere is he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of
+      "Fantasy being the organ of the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though
+      based, to all seeming, on the small Visible, does nevertheless extend down
+      into the infinite deeps of the Invisible, of which Invisible, indeed, his
+      Life is properly the bodying forth." Let us, omitting these high
+      transcendental aspects of the matter, study to glean (whether from the
+      Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what little seems logical and practical,
+      and cunningly arrange it into such degree of coherence as it will assume.
+      By way of proem, take the following not injudicious remarks:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who shall
+      speak or sing? SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised to them
+      (were this an altar-building time) for universal worship. Silence is the
+      element in which great things fashion themselves together; that at length
+      they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into the daylight of Life,
+      which they are thenceforth to rule. Not William the Silent only, but all
+      the considerable men I have known, and the most undiplomatic and
+      unstrategic of these, forbore to babble of what they were creating and
+      projecting. Nay, in thy own mean perplexities, do thou thyself but <i>hold
+      thy tongue for one day</i>: on the morrow, how much clearer are thy
+      purposes and duties; what wreck and rubbish have those mute workmen within
+      thee swept away, when intrusive noises were shut out! Speech is too often
+      not, as the Frenchman defined it, the art of concealing Thought; but of
+      quite stifling and suspending Thought, so that there is none to conceal.
+      Speech too is great, but not the greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says:
+      <i>Sprechen ist silbern, Schweigen ist golden</i> (Speech is silvern,
+      Silence is golden); or as I might rather express it: Speech is of Time,
+      Silence is of Eternity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+      Silence: neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy. Let not thy left hand
+      know what thy right hand doeth! Neither shalt thou prate even to thy own
+      heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (<i>Schaam</i>) the
+      soil of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals? Like other
+      plants, Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the
+      eye of the sun. Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily
+      thyself, the root withers, and no flower will glad thee. O my Friends,
+      when we view the fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example,
+      the Marriage-bower, and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues of
+      Heaven, what hand will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them up by
+      the roots, and, with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us the dung
+      they flourish in! Men speak much of the Printing Press with its
+      Newspapers: <i>du Himmel</i>! what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's
+      Goose?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+      with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of <i>Symbols</i>. In a
+      Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by Silence
+      and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance. And if both
+      the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how expressive
+      will their union be! Thus in many a painted Device, or simple Seal-emblem,
+      the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite new emphasis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+      small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith. In the
+      Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+      distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+      the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible,
+      and as it were, attainable there. By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided
+      and commanded, made happy, made wretched: He everywhere finds himself
+      encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized: the
+      Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what is
+      man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical; a
+      revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a
+      'Gospel of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he
+      can, by act and word? Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment of
+      a Thought; but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in the
+      transcendental sense, symbolical as well as real."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with
+      these high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the verge
+      of the inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl. Perhaps, too, of all
+      the owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we consider it,
+      is that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights. Fantastic tricks
+      enough man has played, in his time; has fancied himself to be most things,
+      down even to an animated heap of Glass: but to fancy himself a dead
+      Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was reserved for this
+      his latter era. There stands he, his Universe one huge Manger, filled with
+      hay and thistles to be weighed against each other; and looks long-eared
+      enough. Alas, poor devil! spectres are appointed to haunt him: one age he
+      is hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden, befooled; in all ages,
+      bedevilled. And now the Genius of Mechanism smothers him worse than any
+      Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked out of him, and only a kind of
+      Digestive, Mechanic life remains. In Earth and in Heaven he can see
+      nothing but Mechanism; has fear for nothing else, hope in nothing else:
+      the world would indeed grind him to pieces; but cannot he fathom the
+      Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly compute these, and mechanize them to
+      grind the other way?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but to
+      bid him open his eyes and look. In which country, in which time, was it
+      hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+      calculated or calculable 'Motives'? What make ye of your Christianities,
+      and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+      Terror? Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in <i>Love</i>?
+      Did he never stand so much as a contested Election? Leave him to Time, and
+      the medicating virtue of Nature."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+      Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might say,
+      Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to lead
+      us hellward. Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense but the
+      implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of? Ever in the dullest
+      existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness (thou
+      partly hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in from the
+      circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little islet of
+      Time. The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou canst not
+      make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving retina, healthy or
+      diseased. Have not I myself known five hundred living soldiers sabred into
+      crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which they called their Flag;
+      which, had you sold it at any market-cross, would not have brought above
+      three groschen? Did not the whole Hungarian Nation rise, like some
+      tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser Joseph pocketed their Iron
+      Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously observed, in size and commercial
+      value little differing from a horse-shoe? It is in and through <i>Symbols</i>
+      that man, consciously or unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being:
+      those ages, moreover, are accounted the noblest which can the best
+      recognize symbolical worth, and prize it the highest. For is not a Symbol
+      ever, to him who has eyes for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the
+      Godlike?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+      and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only. What, for instance, was in
+      that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign in
+      their <i>Bauernkrieg</i> (Peasants' War)? Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+      which the Netherland <i>Gueux</i>, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+      heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+      Intrinsic significance these had none: only extrinsic; as the accidental
+      Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in which
+      union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+      borrowing of the Godlike. Under a like category, too, stand, or stood, the
+      stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+      generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs: they have
+      no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have acquired an
+      extrinsic one. Nevertheless through all these there glimmers something of
+      a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the Divine Idea of
+      Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of Right. Nay the
+      highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the Cross itself, had
+      no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning,
+      and is of itself <i>fit</i> that men should unite round it. Let but the
+      Godlike manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less
+      visibly, through the Time-Figure (<i>Zeitbild</i>)! Then is it fit that
+      men unite there; and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day
+      to day, and from age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art: in them (if thou know a
+      Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+      through Time; the Godlike rendered visible. Here too may an extrinsic
+      value gradually superadd itself: thus certain <i>Iliads</i>, and the like,
+      have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance. But nobler
+      than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men; for what
+      other Work of Art is so divine? In Death too, in the Death of the Just, as
+      the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern symbolic meaning?
+      In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory, resting over the
+      beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if thou canst for tears)
+      the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some gleam of the latter peering
+      through.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen
+      into Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the
+      Same: I mean religious Symbols. Various enough have been such religious
+      Symbols, what we call <i>Religions</i>; as men stood in this stage of
+      culture or the other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike:
+      some Symbols with a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an
+      extrinsic. If thou ask to what height man has carried it in this manner,
+      look on our divinest Symbol: on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his
+      Biography, and what followed therefrom. Higher has the human Thought not
+      yet reached: this is Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite
+      perennial, infinite character; whose significance will ever demand to be
+      anew inquired into, and anew made manifest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+      likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them;
+      and Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old. Homer's Epos has not
+      ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+      distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like a
+      receding Star. It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+      reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+      know that it <i>was</i> a Sun. So likewise a day comes when the Runic
+      Thor, with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African
+      Mumbo-Jumbo and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished. For all things, even
+      Celestial Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise,
+      their culmination, their decline.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but a
+      piece of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and truly,
+      as Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.' A right Conjurer might I
+      name thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the divine
+      virtue they once held.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of this thing, however, be certain: wouldst thou plant for Eternity, then
+      plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and Heart;
+      wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+      superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding, what
+      will grow there. A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World will we
+      call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can shape new
+      Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there. Such too will not
+      always be wanting; neither perhaps now are. Meanwhile, as the average of
+      matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can so much as tell
+      when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When, as the last English Coronation [*] I was preparing," concludes this
+      wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+      England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King, had
+      brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+      assistance,' I said to myself: Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+      superannuated. Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters and
+      rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+      dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if
+      you shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+      suffocation?"
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * That of George IV.&mdash;ED.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0025" id="link2HCH0025">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. HELOTAGE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting, to a
+      certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled <i>Institute for the
+      Repression of Population</i>; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+      leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag <i>Pisces</i>.
+      Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire little; but
+      of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand, which rather
+      copiously fringe it. A few of these may be in their right place here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Into the Hofrath's <i>Institute</i>, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+      machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+      glance. Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+      Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+      eats him up. A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath; something
+      like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms of Madness.
+      Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there light;
+      nothing but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider and wider;
+      a world to terminate by the frightfullest consummation: by its too dense
+      inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating one another. To
+      make air for himself in which strangulation, choking enough to a
+      benevolent heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found, this <i>Institute</i>
+      of his, as the best he can do. It is only with our Professor's comments
+      thereon that we concern ourselves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical, has his
+      own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and courtesies
+      have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages. On the blank cover
+      of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly engrossed:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Two men I honor, and no third. First, the toilworn Craftsman that with
+      earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes her man's.
+      Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein notwithstanding
+      lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of the Sceptre of this
+      Planet. Venerable too is the rugged face, all weather-tanned, besoiled,
+      with its rude intelligence; for it is the face of a Man living manlike.
+      Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness, and even because we must pity
+      as well as love thee! Hardly-entreated Brother! For us was thy back so
+      bent, for us were thy straight limbs and fingers so deformed: thou wert
+      our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and fighting our battles wert so
+      marred. For in thee too lay a god-created Form, but it was not to be
+      unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the thick adhesions and defacements
+      of Labor: and thy body, like thy soul, was not to know freedom. Yet toil
+      on, toil on: <i>thou</i> art in thy duty, be out of it who may; thou
+      toilest for the altogether indispensable, for daily bread.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "A second man I honor, and still more highly: Him who is seen toiling for
+      the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of Life. Is
+      not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony; revealing
+      this, by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors, be they high
+      or low? Highest of all, when his outward and his inward endeavor are one:
+      when we can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman only, but inspired
+      Thinker, who with heaven-made Implement conquers Heaven for us! If the
+      poor and humble toil that we have Food, must not the high and glorious
+      toil for him in return, that he have Light, have Guidance, Freedom,
+      Immortality?&mdash;These two, in all their degrees, I honor: all else is
+      chaff and dust, which let the wind blow whither it listeth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+      and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+      toiling inwardly for the highest. Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+      than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with. Such a one will
+      take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of Heaven
+      spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light shining in
+      great darkness."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And again: "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor: we
+      must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is worse;
+      no faithful workman finds his task a pastime. The poor is hungry and
+      athirst; but for him also there is food and drink: he is heavy-laden and
+      weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest; in his
+      smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+      glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams. But what I do mourn over is, that the
+      lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of
+      earthly knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness,
+      like two spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company. Alas, while the
+      Body stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed,
+      stupefied, almost annihilated! Alas, was this too a Breath of God;
+      bestowed in Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!&mdash;That there
+      should one Man die ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call a
+      tragedy, were it to happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by
+      some computations it does. The miserable fraction of Science which our
+      united Mankind, in a wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is not
+      this, with all diligence, imparted to all?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Quite in an opposite strain is the following: "The old Spartans had a
+      wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+      spitted them, when they grew too numerous. With our improved fashions of
+      hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and standing
+      armies, how much easier were such a hunt! Perhaps in the most thickly
+      peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot all the
+      able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year. Let Governments
+      think of this. The expense were trifling: nay the very carcasses would pay
+      it. Have them salted and barrelled; could not you victual therewith, if
+      not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers, in workhouses and
+      elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of them, might see
+      good to keep alive?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong. A
+      full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high as two
+      hundred Friedrichs d'or: such is his worth to the world. A full-formed Man
+      is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world could afford him a
+      round sum would he simply engage to go and hang himself. Nevertheless,
+      which of the two was the more cunningly devised article, even as an
+      Engine? Good Heavens! A white European Man, standing on his two Legs, with
+      his two five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones, and miraculous Head on
+      his shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty to a hundred Horses!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere: "too crowded
+      indeed! Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+      have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more? How thick
+      stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round
+      ancient Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the
+      Altaic chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey,
+      Crim Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare? One man, in one year, as I have
+      understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+      Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+      still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+      enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses of
+      indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe and
+      war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare? Where are they?&mdash;Preserving
+      their Game!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0026" id="link2HCH0026">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. THE PHOENIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+      numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these Writings
+      of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for conclusion,
+      that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society, properly so
+      called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the gregarious feelings,
+      and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold us from Dispersion,
+      and universal national, civil, domestic and personal war! He says
+      expressly: "For the last three centuries, above all for the last three
+      quarters of a century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue (as we named
+      it) of Religion, where lies the Life-essence of Society, has been smote at
+      and perforated, needfully and needlessly; till now it is quite rent into
+      shreds; and Society, long pining, diabetic, consumptive, can be regarded
+      as defunct; for those spasmodic, galvanic sprawlings are not life; neither
+      indeed will they endure, galvanize as you may, beyond two days."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+      Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only of
+      a common over-crowded Lodging-house? Where each, isolated, regardless of
+      his neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get, and
+      cries 'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and cut-throat
+      Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort, can be employed?
+      Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible tradition; and your
+      holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern Dinner, with Cook for
+      Evangelist? Where your Priest has no tongue but for plate-licking: and
+      your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but on all hands hear it
+      passionately proclaimed: <i>Laissez faire</i>; Leave us alone of <i>your</i>
+      guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you your wages, and
+      sleep!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere that
+      saddest spectacle: The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+      Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly,
+      of Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth. The Highest in rank, at length,
+      without honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor, as
+      from tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill. Once-sacred Symbols
+      fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the expense; a World
+      becoming dismantled: in one word, the STATE fallen speechless, from
+      obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a Police-Office, straitened
+      to get its pay!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical men
+      in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or is it
+      only from the mystic elevation of a German <i>Wahngasse</i> that such
+      wonders are visible? Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a "deceased
+      or expiring Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs may read.
+      "What, for example," says he, "is the universally arrogated Virtue, almost
+      the sole remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days? For some half-century,
+      it has been the thing you name 'Independence.' Suspicion of 'Servility,'
+      of reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech is anxious to disavow.
+      Fools! Were your Superiors worthy to govern, and you worthy to obey,
+      reverence for them were even your only possible freedom. Independence, in
+      all kinds, is rebellion; if unjust rebellion, why parade it, and
+      everywhere prescribe it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But what then? Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+      Nature? "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what can
+      follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+      putrescence? Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching with
+      its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile, where, amid
+      wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most, the venerable
+      Corpse is to be burnt. Or, in plain words, that these men, Liberals,
+      Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately carry their
+      point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions of Society,
+      seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament come
+      to light even in insulated England? A living nucleus, that will attract
+      and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious phasis;
+      properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear of the
+      others as to fancy itself the van. Our European Mechanizers are a sect of
+      boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit: has not
+      Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among ourselves,
+      and in every European country, at some time or other, within the last
+      fifty years? If now in all countries, except perhaps England, it has
+      ceased to flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk to
+      Journalists and the popular mass,&mdash;who sees not that, as hereby it no
+      longer preaches, so the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is in
+      full universal Action, the doctrine everywhere known, and enthusiastically
+      laid to heart? The fit pabulum, in these times, for a certain rugged
+      workshop intellect and heart, nowise without their corresponding workshop
+      strength and ferocity, it requires but to be stated in such scenes to make
+      proselytes enough.&mdash;Admirably calculated for destroying, only not for
+      rebuilding! It spreads like a sort of Dog-madness; till the whole
+      World-kennel will be rabid: then woe to the Huntsmen, with or without
+      their whips! They should have given the quadrupeds water," adds he; "the
+      water, namely, of Knowledge and of Life, while it was yet time."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour in
+      a most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+      Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare! "The World,"
+      says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and waste,
+      which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker combustion,
+      as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the past Forms of
+      Society; replace them with what it may. For the present, it is
+      contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once <i>divested</i>,
+      these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt; but the
+      sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish watch-coat
+      for the defence of the Body only!"&mdash;This, we think, is but Job's-news
+      to the humane reader.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there that
+      can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit of the
+      Time: Turn back, I command thee?&mdash;Wiser were it that we yielded to
+      the Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+      stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded to
+      this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat waiting
+      the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference, if not even
+      Placidity? Did we not hear him complain that the World was a "huge
+      Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining down
+      everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him? What with those
+      "unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven <i>sic vos non vobis</i> pressure
+      and hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in existing things;
+      what with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles and spiders, yet
+      glaring out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a ghastly affectation of
+      life,"&mdash;we feel entitled to conclude him even willing that much
+      should be thrown to the Devil, so it were but done gently! Safe himself in
+      that "Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would consent, with a tragic
+      solemnity, that the monster UTILITARIA, held back, indeed, and moderated
+      by nose-rings, halters, foot-shackles, and every conceivable modification
+      of rope, should go forth to do her work;&mdash;to tread down old ruinous
+      Palaces and Temples with her broad hoof, till the whole were trodden down,
+      that new and better might be built! Remarkable in this point of view are
+      the following sentences.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Society," says he, "is not dead: that Carcass, which you call dead
+      Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume a
+      nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer and fairer
+      development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity. Wheresoever two
+      or three Living Men are gathered together, there is Society; or there it
+      will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous structures,
+      overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to Heaven and
+      downwards to Gehenna: for always, under one or the other figure, it has
+      two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the Pulpit, namely,
+      and the Gallows."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+      weaving for herself new Vestures;"&mdash;Teufelsdrockh himself being one
+      of the loom-treadles? Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange
+      aphorism of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be
+      said: "<i>L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le
+      passe, est devant nous</i>; The golden age, which a blind tradition has
+      hitherto placed in the Past, is Before us."&mdash;But listen again:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+      flying! Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+      have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+      consumed there. Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will get
+      singed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+      completed, you need not ask. The law of Perseverance is among the deepest
+      in man: by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his old house till
+      it has actually fallen about his ears. Thus have I seen Solemnities linger
+      as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to the extent of three
+      hundred years and more after all life and sacredness had evaporated out of
+      them. And then, finally, what time the Phoenix Death-Birth itself will
+      require, depends on unseen contingencies.&mdash;Meanwhile, would Destiny
+      offer Mankind, that after, say two centuries of convulsion and
+      conflagration, more or less vivid, the fire-creation should be
+      accomplished, and we to find ourselves again in a Living Society, and no
+      longer fighting but working,&mdash;were it not perhaps prudent in Mankind
+      to strike the bargain?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be
+      deliberately burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the
+      faith that she is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one will
+      rise out of her ashes! We ourselves, restricted to the duty of Indicator,
+      shall forbear commentary. Meanwhile, will not the judicious reader shake
+      his head, and reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in anger, say or
+      think: From a <i>Doctor utriusque Juris</i>, titular Professor in a
+      University, and man to whom hitherto, for his services, Society, bad as
+      she is, has given not only food and raiment (of a kind), but books,
+      tobacco and gukguk, we expected more gratitude to his benefactress; and
+      less of a blind trust in the future which resembles that rather of a
+      philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast, than of a solid householder paying
+      scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0027" id="link2HCH0027">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. OLD CLOTHES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in practice
+      probably the politest man extant: his whole heart and life are penetrated
+      and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural Courtesy
+      shines through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight, making a
+      rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds; nay
+      brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the crucible of
+      an alchemist. Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he expresses
+      himself on this head:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich? In
+      Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as it
+      gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully insists
+      on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth or birth:
+      but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due from all men
+      towards all men. Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his post, and worth
+      anything when there, this, with so much else, would be reformed. Nay, each
+      man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till at length a
+      rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with, than a Peasant
+      unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not that the clod he
+      broke was created in Heaven.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE;
+      is not this thy brother ALIVE? 'There is but one temple in the world,'
+      says Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man. Nothing is holier than
+      this high Form. Bending before men is a reverence done to this Revelation
+      in the Flesh. We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a human Body.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and whereas
+      the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with a
+      shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no hat
+      whatever. Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+      Impersonation of the Divinity? And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+      serves not. For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity; and
+      too often the bow is but pocketed by the <i>former</i>. It would go to the
+      pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in these
+      times); therefore must we withhold it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells and
+      outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer lodges,
+      but only the pure emblem and effigies of Man: I mean, to Empty, or even to
+      Cast Clothes. Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do reverence: to the
+      fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling animal with bandy legs'
+      which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of? Who ever saw any Lord my-lorded
+      in tattered blanket fastened with wooden skewer? Nevertheless, I say,
+      there is in such worship a shade of hypocrisy, a practical deception: for
+      how often does the Body appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only!
+      Whoso would avoid falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps
+      see good to take a different course. That reverence which cannot act
+      without obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have
+      free course when they are empty. Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the
+      Pagoda is not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow
+      cloth Garment with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man: nay, with
+      more, for I now fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Did not King <i>Toomtabard</i>, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign
+      long over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the
+      'Toom Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining? What still dignity dwells in a suit
+      of Cast Clothes! How meekly it bears its honors! No haughty looks, no
+      scornful gesture: silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+      demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it. The Hat still carries the
+      physiognomy of its Head: but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+      goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone. The Coat-arm is
+      stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+      depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat hides
+      no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells not in it.
+      Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the carking cares and
+      foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its Clothes-horse; as, on a
+      Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified Apparition, visiting our
+      low Earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized Life,
+      the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny, under that
+      ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan broth; and was
+      one lone soul amid those grinding millions;&mdash;often have I turned into
+      their Old-Clothes Market to worship. With awe-struck heart I walk through
+      that Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a Sanhedrim of
+      stainless Ghosts. Silent are they, but expressive in their silence: the
+      past witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions, Virtues,
+      Crimes, and all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the Prison men
+      call Life.' Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom Old Clothes
+      are not venerable. Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded Jewish
+      High-priest, who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom, summons them
+      from the four winds! On his head, like the Pope, he has three Hats,&mdash;a
+      real triple tiara; on either hand are the similitude of wings, whereon the
+      summoned Garments come to alight; and ever, as he slowly cleaves the air,
+      sounds forth his deep fateful note, as if through a trumpet he were
+      proclaiming: 'Ghosts of Life, come to Judgment!' Reck not, ye fluttering
+      Ghosts: he will purify you in his Purgatory, with fire and with water;
+      and, one day, new-created ye shall reappear. Oh, let him in whom the flame
+      of Devotion is ready to go out, who has never worshipped, and knows not
+      what to worship, pace and repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of
+      Monmouth Street, and say whether his heart and his eyes still continue
+      dry. If Field Lane, with its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs,
+      be a Dionysius' Ear, where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the
+      Indictment which Poverty and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has
+      left them there cast out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the
+      Devil,&mdash;then is Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley
+      vision, the whole Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its
+      wail and jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and
+      gallows-ropes, farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,&mdash;the Bedlam of
+      Creation!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged. We
+      too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+      "Devotion:" probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+      fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in that
+      Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+      Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves
+      to the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be
+      allowed to linger there without molestation.&mdash;Something we would have
+      given to see the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and
+      loose flowing skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in
+      austerest thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic
+      avenue, and supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life"
+      rounded strange secrets in his ear. O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh, that
+      listenest while others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum hearest
+      the grass grow!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents destined
+      for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic diary of this
+      his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among the Clothes-shops only
+      the obscurest emblematic shadows? Neither, in conversation (for, indeed,
+      he was not a man to pester you with his Travels), have we heard him more
+      than allude to the subject.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+      early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+      Clothes-Professor. Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+      Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+      Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his soul,&mdash;as
+      in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a Universe!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0028" id="link2HCH0028">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself, and
+      burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a handsome
+      bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries," there seems
+      to lie but an ashy prospect. Not altogether so, however, does the
+      Professor figure it. "In the living subject," says he, "change is wont to
+      be gradual: thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the new is already
+      formed beneath. Little knowest thou of the burning of a World-Phoenix, who
+      fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a dead cinereous heap;
+      and therefrom the young one start up by miracle, and fly heavenward. Far
+      otherwise! In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and Destruction proceed
+      together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown about, do organic
+      filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves: and amid the rushing
+      and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of a melodious
+      Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious Birth-song.
+      Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and thou wilt see."
+      Let us actually look, then: to poor individuals, who cannot expect to live
+      two centuries, those same organic filaments, mysteriously spinning
+      themselves, will be the best part of the spectacle. First, therefore, this
+      of Mankind in general:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother. Thy
+      very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in thy
+      splenetic humor: what is all this but an inverted Sympathy? Were I a
+      Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me? Not thou!
+      I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+      soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like to
+      choose it. More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+      whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts: 'Wert
+      thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+      imaginable Glass bell,&mdash;what a thing it were, not for thyself only,
+      but for the world! Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds,
+      impinge against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread: neither from
+      within comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts
+      fall into no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing
+      hand: thou art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that, taking
+      and giving, circulatest through all Space and all Time: there has a Hole
+      fallen out in the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which must be
+      darned up again!'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages, paper and
+      other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are a blood-circulation,
+      visible to the eye: but the finer nervous circulation, by which all
+      things, the minutest that he does, minutely influence all men, and the
+      very look of his face blesses or curses whomso it lights on, and so
+      generates ever new blessing or new cursing: all this you cannot see, but
+      only imagine. I say, there is not a red Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg,
+      can quarrel with his squaw, but the whole world must smart for it: will
+      not the price of beaver rise? It is a mathematical fact that the casting
+      of this pebble from my hand alters the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+      indissolubly does generation with generation. Hast thou ever meditated on
+      that word, Tradition: how we inherit not Life only, but all the garniture
+      and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and feel, as our
+      Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning, have given it us?&mdash;Who
+      printed thee, for example, this unpretending Volume on the Philosophy of
+      Clothes? Not the Herren Stillschweigen and Company; but Cadmus of Thebes,
+      Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others whom thou knowest not. Had there
+      been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there had been no English Shakspeare, or a
+      different one. Simpleton! It was Tubal-cain that made thy very Tailor's
+      needle, and sewed that court-suit of thine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more
+      is Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which
+      Nature were not. As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual
+      Mankind, among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those
+      main currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions,
+      Polities, Churches, above all in Books. Beautiful it is to understand and
+      know that a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator
+      thereof, hast gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou wilt
+      transmit it to the whole Future. It is thus that the heroic heart, the
+      seeing eye of the first times, still feels and sees in us of the latest;
+      that the Wise Man stands ever encompassed, and spiritually embraced, by a
+      cloud of witnesses and brothers; and there is a living, literal <i>Communion
+      of Saints</i>, wide as the World itself, and as the History of the World.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same
+      Individual, wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations. Generations
+      are as the Days of toilsome Mankind: Death and Birth are the vesper and
+      the matin bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for
+      new advancement. What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy; but
+      has also work of his own appointed him. Thus all things wax, and roll
+      onwards; Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but ever
+      completing. Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there is also a
+      fresh heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still higher points
+      of vision. So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time, followed by an
+      Apostle of the Gentiles. In the business of Destruction, as this also is
+      from time to time a necessary work, thou findest a like sequence and
+      perseverance: for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand by that burning
+      of the Pope's Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at the glimmering
+      ashes, but required quite other fuel. Thus likewise, I note, the English
+      Whig has, in the second generation, become an English Radical; who, in the
+      third again, it is to be hoped, will become an English Rebuilder. Find
+      Mankind where thou wilt, thou findest it in living movement, in progress
+      faster or slower: the Phoenix soars aloft, hovers with outstretched wings,
+      filling Earth with her music; or, as now, she sinks, and with spheral
+      swan-song immolates herself in flame, that she may soar the higher and
+      sing the clearer."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this to
+      heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can. We subjoin another
+      passage, concerning Titles:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles
+      of Honor come hitherto from Fighting. Your <i>Herzog</i> (Duke, <i>Dux</i>)
+      is Leader of Armies; your Earl (<i>Jarl</i>) is Strong Man; your Marshal
+      cavalry Horse-shoer. A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having
+      from of old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more
+      indubitable, may it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will
+      cease to be palatable, and new and higher need to be devised?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of
+      King. <i>Konig</i> (King), anciently <i>Konning</i>, means Ken-ning
+      (Cunning), or which is the same thing, Can-ning. Ever must the Sovereign
+      of Mankind be fitly entitled King."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians: a King
+      rules by divine right. He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+      will never give it him. Can I choose my own King? I can choose my own King
+      Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him: but he who is to
+      be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen for me in
+      Heaven. Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen is Freedom
+      so much as conceivable."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+      Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+      astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political. How, with
+      our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict of
+      Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle for the
+      Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable Constitution kept
+      warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves in this spectral
+      Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the Unborn, where the
+      Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film dividing the Past
+      and the Future? In those dim long-drawn expanses, all is so immeasurable;
+      much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and straggling
+      light-beams have a supernatural character. And then with such an
+      indifference, such a prophetic peacefulness (accounting the inevitably
+      coming as already here, to him all one whether it be distant by centuries
+      or only by days), does he sit;&mdash;and live, you would say, rather in
+      any other age than in his own! It is our painful duty to announce, or
+      repeat, that, looking into this man, we discern a deep, silent,
+      slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as fills us with
+      shuddering admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+      Franchise; at least so we interpret the following: "Satisfy yourselves,"
+      he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing
+      or will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and so
+      vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically hatched
+      and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or at worst, in
+      some other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or Steam-mechanism. It
+      were a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of manufacture witnessed
+      hitherto." Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the British constitution, even
+      slightly?&mdash;He says, under another figure: "But after all, were the
+      problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To rebuild your old House from
+      the top downwards (since you must live in it the while), what better, what
+      other, than the Representative Machine will serve your turn? Meanwhile,
+      however, mock me not with the name of Free, 'when you have but knit up my
+      chains into ornamental festoons.'"&mdash;Or what will any member of the
+      Peace Society make of such an assertion as this: "The lower people
+      everywhere desire War. Not so unwisely; there is then a demand for lower
+      people&mdash;to be shot!"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths of
+      speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions. Here, looking
+      round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+      touching "Hero-worship," be of the number? It seems of a cheerful
+      character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how little,
+      may lie under it. Our readers shall look with their own eyes:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+      obey. True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less bear
+      rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of nothing,
+      the equal of nothing. Nevertheless, believe not that man has lost his
+      faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone dead. Painful
+      for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has become
+      inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he feel
+      safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel
+      himself exalted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this: that
+      man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen into
+      perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+      whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey. Before no faintest
+      revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all, when
+      the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man. Thus is there a true
+      religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all ages, even in
+      ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox <i>Hero-worship</i>.
+      In which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed, and will forever
+      exist, universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern the corner-stone of
+      living rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest time may stand secure."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+      Teufelsdrockh, is looking at? He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+      and Voltaire? How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+      and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+      could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a smile
+      from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair beneath
+      his feet! All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though their
+      Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what will
+      be done in the green? If, in the most parched season of Man's History, in
+      the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was at best but a
+      scientific <i>Hortus Siccus</i>, bedizened with some Italian Gumflowers,
+      such virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for when Life again
+      waves leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall have nothing apelike,
+      but be wholly human? Know that there is in man a quite indestructible
+      Reverence for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even plausibly counterfeits
+      such holding. Show the dullest clodpoll, show the haughtiest featherhead,
+      that a soul higher than himself is actually here; were his knees stiffened
+      into brass, he must down and worship."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+      themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "There is no Church, sayest thou? The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+      This is even what I dispute: but in any case, hast thou not still
+      Preaching enough? A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village; and
+      builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper. Therefrom he preaches what most
+      momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost not thou
+      listen, and believe? Look well, thou seest everywhere a new Clergy of the
+      Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost bare-backed, fashion itself
+      into shape, and teach and preach, zealously enough, for copper alms and
+      the love of God. These break in pieces the ancient idols; and, though
+      themselves too often reprobate, as idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out
+      the sites of new Churches, where the true God-ordained, that are to
+      follow, may find audience, and minister. Said I not, Before the old skin
+      was shed, the new had formed itself beneath it?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+      ravelled sleeve:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor. "Fool! I tell thee,
+      there is. Hast thou well considered all that lies in this immeasurable
+      froth-ocean we name LITERATURE? Fragments of a genuine Church-<i>Homiletic</i>
+      lie scattered there, which Time will assort: nay fractions even of a <i>Liturgy</i>
+      could I point out. And knowest thou no Prophet, even in the vesture,
+      environment, and dialect of this age? None to whom the Godlike had
+      revealed itself, through all meanest and highest forms of the Common; and
+      by him been again prophetically revealed: in whose inspired melody, even
+      in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days, Man's Life again begins, were
+      it but afar off, to be divine? Knowest thou none such? I know him, and
+      name him&mdash;Goethe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+      feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people
+      perish? Be of comfort! Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith. Spake we
+      not of a Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and
+      brother-like embracing thee, so thou be worthy? Their heroic Sufferings
+      rise up melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all
+      times, as a sacred <i>Miserere</i>; their heroic Actions also, as a
+      boundless everlasting Psalm of Triumph. Neither say that thou hast now no
+      Symbol of the Godlike. Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is
+      not Immensity a Temple; is not Man's History, and Men's History, a
+      perpetual Evangel? Listen, and for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old,
+      hear the Morning Stars sing together."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0029" id="link2HCH0029">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      It is in his stupendous Section, headed <i>Natural Supernaturalism</i>,
+      that the Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as
+      we have witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+      Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof. Phantasms
+      enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of Imperial
+      Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not: yet still did he
+      courageously pierce through. Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+      world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round him,
+      perplexing and bewildering: but with these also he now resolutely
+      grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder. In a word, he has
+      looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly hulls
+      and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision, the
+      interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains to
+      Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us safe into
+      the promised land, where <i>Palingenesia</i>, in all senses, may be
+      considered as beginning. "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with
+      better right than Diogenes the First once did. This stupendous Section we,
+      after long painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible; but,
+      on the contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating. Let the
+      reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect is in
+      him, do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment, shall
+      study to do ours:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly begins
+      the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine. Meanwhile, the
+      question of questions were: What specially is a Miracle? To that Dutch
+      King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried with him an
+      air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a miracle. To my
+      Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific, do not I work a
+      miracle, and magical '<i>Open sesame</i>!<i>'</i> every time I please to
+      pay twopence, and open for him an impassable <i>Schlagbaum</i>, or shut
+      Turnpike?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?' ask
+      several. Whom I answer by this new question: What are the Laws of Nature?
+      To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation of these
+      Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first penetrated
+      into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been, brought to
+      bear on us with its Material Force.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment: On what ground shall
+      one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore he can teach
+      Religion? To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such declaration were
+      inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the First Century, was
+      full of meaning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries an
+      illuminated class: 'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move by
+      unalterable rules?' Probable enough, good friends: nay I, too, must
+      believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+      variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that Nature,
+      that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be prevented from
+      calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable rules. And now of
+      you, too, I make the old inquiry: What those same unalterable rules,
+      forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may possibly be?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+      records of Man's Experience?&mdash;Was Man with his Experience present at
+      the Creation, then, to see how it all went on? Have any deepest scientific
+      individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and gauged
+      everything there? Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that they read
+      His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say, This stands
+      marked therein, and no more than this? Alas, not in anywise! These
+      scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are; have seen
+      some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is infinite,
+      without bottom as without shore.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+      with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in a
+      course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+      succeeded in detecting,&mdash;is to me as precious as to another. But is
+      this what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the
+      World;' this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen
+      thousand Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons,
+      and inert Balls, had been&mdash;looked at, nick-named, and marked in the
+      Zodiacal Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their
+      How, their Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "System of Nature! To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+      remains of quite <i>infinite</i> depth, of quite infinite expansion; and
+      all Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+      measured square-miles. The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+      fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us: but who knows what deeper
+      courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our
+      little Epicycle revolves on? To the Minnow every cranny and pebble, and
+      quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become familiar:
+      but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic Currents, the
+      Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all which the condition
+      of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time to time
+      (unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed? Such a minnow is
+      Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable All; his
+      Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence through
+      AEons of AEons.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "We speak of the Volume of Nature: and truly a Volume it is,&mdash;whose
+      Author and Writer is God. To read it! Dost thou, does man, so much as well
+      know the Alphabet thereof? With its Words, Sentences, and grand
+      descriptive Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar
+      Systems, and Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee. It is a Volume
+      written in celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which
+      even Prophets are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.
+      As for your Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely;
+      and, from amid the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic
+      writing, pick out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar
+      Character, and therefrom put together this and the other economic Recipe,
+      of high avail in Practice. That Nature is more than some boundless Volume
+      of such Recipes, or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible Domestic-Cookery Book,
+      of which the whole secret will in this manner one day evolve itself, the
+      fewest dream.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all. Consider
+      well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers; and weaves
+      air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby indeed these
+      dwell with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our houses and
+      workshops; but their spiritual nature becomes, to the most, forever
+      hidden. Philosophy complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from the
+      first; that we do everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that our very
+      Axioms, let us boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest simply such
+      Beliefs as we have never heard questioned. Nay, what is Philosophy
+      throughout but a continual battle against Custom; an ever-renewed effort
+      to <i>transcend</i> the sphere of blind Custom, and so become
+      Transcendental?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom: but of
+      all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+      Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous. True, it is by
+      this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder: and herein is
+      Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit. But she is a
+      fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when, in our
+      resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception. Am I to view
+      the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen it twice, or
+      two hundred, or two million times? There is no reason in Nature or in Art
+      why I should: unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine, for whom the
+      divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial gift of Steam is
+      to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be spun, and money and
+      money's worth realized.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+      Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+      Garments. Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology, we
+      have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves. Seldom reflecting that
+      still the new question comes upon us: What is Madness, what are Nerves?
+      Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific, altogether <i>infernal</i>
+      boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through this fair-painted Vision of
+      Creation, which swims thereon, which we name the Real. Was Luther's
+      Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it were formed within the
+      bodily eye, or without it? In every the wisest Soul lies a whole world of
+      internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire; out of which, indeed, his
+      world of Wisdom has been creatively built together, and now rests there,
+      as on its dark foundations does a habitable flowery Earth rind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+      other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+      SPACE and TIME. These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth itself,
+      to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind it,&mdash;lie
+      all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof, whereby all
+      minor Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint themselves.
+      In vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip them off; you
+      can, at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look through.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+      Anywhere, behold he was There. By this means had Fortunatus triumphed over
+      Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but all was
+      Here. Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+      Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world we
+      should have of it! Still stranger, should, on the opposite side of the
+      street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his fellow-craftsman
+      made Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating! Of both would I
+      purchase, were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of this latter. To
+      clap on your felt, and, simply by wishing that you were Anywhere,
+      straightway to be <i>There</i>! Next to clap on your other felt, and,
+      simply by wishing that you were <i>Anywhen</i>, straightway to be <i>Then</i>!
+      This were indeed the grander: shooting at will from the Fire-Creation of
+      the World to its Fire-Consummation; here historically present in the First
+      Century, conversing face to face with Paul and Seneca; there prophetically
+      in the Thirty-first, conversing also face to face with other Pauls and
+      Senecas, who as yet stand hidden in the depth of that late Time!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable? Is the Past
+      annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only future?
+      Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already answer: already
+      through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded summonest both Past
+      and Future, and communest with them, though as yet darkly, and with mute
+      beckonings. The curtains of Yesterday drop down, the curtains of To-morrow
+      roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both <i>are</i>. Pierce through the
+      Time-element, glance into the Eternal. Believe what thou findest written
+      in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all Thinkers, in all ages, have
+      devoutly read it there: that Time and Space are not God, but creations of
+      God; that with God as it is a universal HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?&mdash;O Heaven! Is the
+      white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+      behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+      receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+      journeyed on alone,&mdash;but a pale spectral Illusion! Is the lost Friend
+      still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with God!&mdash;know
+      of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are perishable;
+      that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and whatever will
+      be, is even now and forever. This, should it unhappily seem new, thou
+      mayest ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years, or the next
+      twenty centuries: believe it thou must; understand it thou canst not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are
+      sent into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole
+      Practical reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings, seems
+      altogether fit, just, and unavoidable. But that they should, furthermore,
+      usurp such sway over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind us to the wonder
+      everywhere lying close on us, seems nowise so. Admit Space and Time to
+      their due rank as Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou wilt, to their quite
+      undue rank of Realities: and consider, then, with thyself how their thin
+      disguises hide from us the brightest God-effulgences! Thus, were it not
+      miraculous, could I stretch forth my hand and clutch the Sun? Yet thou
+      seest me daily stretch forth my hand and therewith clutch many a thing,
+      and swing it hither and thither. Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy
+      that the Miracle lies in miles of distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of
+      weight; and not to see that the true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle
+      lies in this, that I can stretch forth my hand at all; that I have free
+      Force to clutch aught therewith? Innumerable other of this sort are the
+      deceptions, and wonder-hiding stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still worse is it with regard to Time. Your grand anti-magician, and
+      universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time. Had we but the
+      Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves in
+      a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and
+      feats of Magic, were outdone. But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and
+      man, poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without
+      one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+      walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre? Yet tell me, Who built
+      these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+      dance along from the <i>Steinbruch</i> (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+      frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and Ionic
+      pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets? Was it not the still
+      higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the divine Music
+      of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man? Our highest Orpheus walked in
+      Judea, eighteen hundred years ago: his sphere-melody, flowing in wild
+      native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and, being of a
+      truth sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now with thousand-fold
+      accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our hearts; and
+      modulates, and divinely leads them. Is that a wonder, which happens in two
+      hours; and does it cease to be wonderful if happening in two million? Not
+      only was Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but without the music of
+      some inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no work that man glories in
+      ever done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from the near
+      moving-cause to its far distant Mover: The stroke that came transmitted
+      through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a stroke than if the
+      last ball only had been struck, and sent flying? Oh, could I (with the
+      Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from the Beginnings, to the
+      Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy heart set flaming in the
+      Light-sea of celestial wonder! Then sawest thou that this fair Universe,
+      were it in the meanest province thereof, is in very deed the star-domed
+      City of God; that through every star, through every grass-blade, and most
+      through every Living Soul, the glory of a present God still beams. But
+      Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God, and reveals Him to the wise,
+      hides Him from the foolish.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic Ghost?
+      The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could not,
+      though he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and tapped
+      on coffins. Foolish Doctor! Did he never, with the mind's eye as well as
+      with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human Life he so
+      loved; did he never so much as look into Himself? The good Doctor was a
+      Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish; well-nigh a million of
+      Ghosts were travelling the streets by his side. Once more I say, sweep
+      away the illusion of Time; compress the threescore years into three
+      minutes: what else was he, what else are we? Are we not Spirits, that are
+      shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and that fade away again into air
+      and Invisibility? This is no metaphor, it is a simple scientific <i>fact</i>:
+      we start out of Nothingness, take figure, and are Apparitions; round us,
+      as round the veriest spectre, is Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as
+      years and aeons. Come there not tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial
+      harp-strings, like the Song of beatified Souls? And again, do not we
+      squeak and gibber (in our discordant, screech-owlish debatings and
+      recriminatings); and glide bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar (<i>poltern</i>),
+      and revel in our mad Dance of the Dead,&mdash;till the scent of the
+      morning air summons us to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake
+      and Day? Where now is Alexander of Macedon: does the steel Host, that
+      yelled in fierce battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or
+      have they all vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must? Napoleon
+      too, and his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns! Was it all other
+      than the veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that
+      made Night hideous, flitted away?&mdash;Ghosts! There are nigh a thousand
+      million walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have
+      vanished from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks
+      once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only
+      carry each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts! These
+      Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with its
+      burning Passion? They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered round
+      our ME: wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence is to
+      be revealed in the Flesh. That warrior on his strong war-horse, fire
+      flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart: but warrior
+      and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more. Stately they
+      tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance: fool! the Earth is but a
+      film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink beyond plummet's
+      sounding. Plummet's? Fantasy herself will not follow them. A little while
+      ago, they were not; a little while, and they are not, their very ashes are
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end. Generation
+      after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing
+      from Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS. What Force and Fire is
+      in each he expends: one grinding in the mill of Industry; one hunter-like
+      climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly dashed in pieces
+      on the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:&mdash;and then the
+      Heaven-sent is recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away, and soon even to
+      Sense becomes a vanished Shadow. Thus, like some wild-flaming,
+      wild-thundering train of Heaven's Artillery, does this mysterious MANKIND
+      thunder and flame, in long-drawn, quick-succeeding grandeur, through the
+      unknown Deep. Thus, like a God-created, fire-breathing Spirit-host, we
+      emerge from the Inane; haste stormfully across the astonished Earth; then
+      plunge again into the Inane. Earth's mountains are levelled, and her seas
+      filled up, in our passage: can the Earth, which is but dead and a vision,
+      resist Spirits which have reality and are alive? On the hardest adamant
+      some footprint of us is stamped in; the last Rear of the host will read
+      traces of the earliest Van. But whence?&mdash;O Heaven whither? Sense
+      knows not; Faith knows not; only that it is through Mystery to Mystery,
+      from God and to God.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+                        'We <i>are such stuff</i>
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0030" id="link2HCH0030">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Here, then, arises the so momentous question: Have many British Readers
+      actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy of
+      Clothes now at last opening around them? Long and adventurous has the
+      journey been: from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+      through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+      inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+      themselves! And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+      Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+      Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+      outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+      divided from what is unchangeable? Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in <i>Faust</i>,&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician, Shakespeare,&mdash;
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      begin to have some meaning for us? In a word, do we at length stand safe
+      in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that Phoenix
+      Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears possible,
+      is seen to be inevitable?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor, by
+      Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+      complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope, that
+      many have travelled without accident. No firm arch, overspanning the
+      Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only, as was
+      said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon. Alas, and
+      the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck character; the
+      darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+      discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage, in
+      spite of all? Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+      courage. By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout; the
+      hand can stretch itself forth to work there: it is in this grand and
+      indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according to
+      ability. New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built; nay, may not
+      our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and repassings, be
+      mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable even for the
+      halt?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous and
+      full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no
+      longer by our side? The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar off, in
+      unsympathetic astonishment, at our career: not a few, pressing forward
+      with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now swim
+      weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards that.
+      To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some word of
+      encouragement be said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance Teufelsdrockh
+      unhappily has somewhat infected us,&mdash;can it be hidden from the Editor
+      that many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in head, and
+      afflicted rather than instructed by the present Work? Yes, long ago has
+      many a British Reader been, as now, demanding with something like a snarl:
+      Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in it?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+      faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in it;
+      but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat. Nevertheless, if
+      through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means of him,
+      have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the
+      Clothes-Screen, as through a magical <i>Pierre-Pertuis</i>, thou lookest,
+      even for moments, into the region of the Wonderful, and seest and feelest
+      that thy daily life is girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder, and thy very
+      blankets and breeches are Miracles,&mdash;then art thou profited beyond
+      money's worth; and hast a thankfulness towards our Professor; nay, perhaps
+      in many a literary Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and audibly express
+      that same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+      Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+      itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes; and
+      thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh cutting
+      into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness of
+      Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly a Vesture
+      and Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are articles of
+      wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)? In which case, must it not also
+      be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one, and may with
+      infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit: that it takes
+      scientific rank beside Codification, and Political Economy, and the Theory
+      of the British Constitution; nay rather, from its prophetic height looks
+      down on all these, as on so many weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where
+      the Vestures which <i>it</i> has to fashion, and consecrate, and
+      distribute, are, too often by haggard hungry operatives who see no farther
+      than their nose, mechanically woven and spun?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural
+      Supernaturalism, and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or
+      Transcendental portion of the Science, or bears never so remotely on that
+      promised Volume of the <i>Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft</i>
+      (Newbirth of Society),&mdash;we humbly suggest that no province of
+      Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is without its direct value, but that
+      innumerable inferences of a practical nature may be drawn therefrom. To
+      say nothing of those pregnant considerations, ethical, political,
+      symbolical, which crowd on the Clothes-Philosopher from the very threshold
+      of his Science; nothing even of those "architectural ideas," which, as we
+      have seen, lurk at the bottom of all Modes, and will one day, better
+      unfolding themselves, lead to important revolutions,&mdash;let us glance
+      for a moment, and with the faintest light of Clothes-Philosophy, on what
+      may be called the Habilatory Class of our fellow-men. Here too
+      overlooking, where so much were to be looked on, the million spinners,
+      weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers, that puddle and muddle in
+      their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and die that we may live,&mdash;let
+      us but turn the reader's attention upon two small divisions of mankind,
+      who, like moths, may be regarded as Cloth-animals, creatures that live,
+      move and have their being in Cloth: we mean, Dandies and Tailors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without
+      scruple, that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at
+      fault; and even that the dictates of humanity are violated. As will
+      perhaps abundantly appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0031" id="link2HCH0031">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific strictness,
+      what a Dandy specially is. A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose
+      trade, office and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes. Every
+      faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is heroically consecrated to
+      this one object, the wearing of Clothes wisely and well: so that as others
+      dress to live, he lives to dress. The all-importance of Clothes, which a
+      German Professor, of unequalled learning and acumen, writes his enormous
+      Volume to demonstrate, has sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without
+      effort, like an instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of
+      Cloth. What Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with
+      him; and this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or
+      wring his heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea an
+      Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a witness
+      and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes. We called him a Poet:
+      is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes, with
+      cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow? Say, rather,
+      an Epos, and <i>Clotha Virumque cano</i>, to the whole world, in Macaronic
+      verses, which he that runs may read. Nay, if you grant, what seems to be
+      admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in him, and some
+      notions of Time and Space, is there not in this life-devotedness to Cloth,
+      in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal to the Perishable, something
+      (though in reverse order) of that blending and identification of Eternity
+      with Time, which, as we have seen, constitutes the Prophetic character?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+      what is it that the Dandy asks in return? Solely, we may say, that you
+      would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+      even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays of
+      light. Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has already
+      secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes. Understand
+      his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret it; do but
+      look at him, and he is contented. May we not well cry shame on an
+      ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will waste its
+      optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and over the
+      domestic wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with hasty
+      indifference, and a scarcely concealed contempt! Him no Zoologist classes
+      among the Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care: when did we see any
+      injected Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen of him
+      preserved in spirits! Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a snuff-brown
+      suit, with snuff-brown shirt and shoes: it skills not; the undiscerning
+      public, occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless on the other
+      side.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly speaking,
+      gone. Yet perhaps only gone to sleep: for here arises the
+      Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and the
+      other! Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the essential
+      nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that lies in him,
+      cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable hallucination.
+      The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh may set the
+      matter, if not in its true light, yet in the way towards such. It is to be
+      regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere, the Professor's keen
+      philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a certain mixture of almost
+      owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse, ineffectual, ironic
+      tendency; our readers shall judge which:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+      driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good men,
+      looking and longing and silently working there towards some new
+      Revelation; or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied
+      soul seeking its terrestrial organization,&mdash;into how many strange
+      shapes, of Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and
+      errantly cast itself! The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the
+      while without Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly
+      active, and work blindly in the great chaotic deep: thus Sect after Sect,
+      and Church after Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into new
+      metamorphosis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+      worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements (of
+      Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and
+      monstrosities are best generated. Among the newer Sects of that country,
+      one of the most notable, and closely connected with our present subject,
+      is that of the <i>Dandies</i>; concerning which, what little information I
+      have been able to procure may fitly stand here.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+      sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+      speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps rather a
+      Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the psychologic
+      eye its devotional and even sacrificial character plainly enough reveals
+      itself. Whether it belongs to the class of Fetish-worships, or of
+      Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other class, may in the present
+      state of our intelligence remain undecided (<i>schweben</i>). A certain
+      touch of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic shape, is discernible
+      enough; also (for human Error walks in a cycle, and reappears at
+      intervals) a not-inconsiderable resemblance to that Superstition of the
+      Athos Monks, who by fasting from all nourishment, and looking intensely
+      for a length of time into their own navels, came to discern therein the
+      true Apocalypse of Nature, and Heaven Unveiled. To my own surmise, it
+      appears as if this Dandiacal Sect were but a new modification, adapted to
+      the new time, of that primeval Superstition, <i>Self-worship</i>; which
+      Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee, Mahomet, and others, strove rather to subordinate
+      and restrain than to eradicate; and which only in the purer forms of
+      Religion has been altogether rejected. Wherefore, if any one chooses to
+      name it revived Ahrimanism, or a new figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so
+      far as is yet visible, no objection.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect, display
+      courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's nature, though
+      never so enslaved. They affect great purity and separatism; distinguish
+      themselves by a particular costume (whereof some notices were given in the
+      earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so far as possible, by a
+      particular speech (apparently some broken <i>Lingua-franca</i>, or
+      English-French); and, on the whole, strive to maintain a true Nazarene
+      deportment, and keep themselves unspotted from the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+      stands in their metropolis; and is named <i>Almack's</i>, a word of
+      uncertain etymology. They worship principally by night; and have their
+      High-priests and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for life.
+      The rites, by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps with an
+      Eleusinian or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret. Nor are Sacred
+      Books wanting to the Sect; these they call <i>Fashionable Novels</i>:
+      however, the Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and others
+      not.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some
+      samples; and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an
+      Inquirer into Clothes, set to interpret and study them. But wholly to no
+      purpose: that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not
+      refuse me credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught. In
+      vain that I summoned my whole energies (<i>mich weidlich anstrengte</i>),
+      and did my very utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly
+      seized with not so much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind
+      of infinite, unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to
+      which the frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened. And if
+      I strove to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there came a
+      hitherto unfelt sensation, as of <i>Delirium Tremens</i>, and a melting
+      into total deliquium: till at last, by order of the Doctor, dreading ruin
+      to my whole intellectual and bodily faculties, and a general breaking up
+      of the constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly forbore. Was there
+      some miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls, and supernal and
+      infernal prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish Mysteries, have also
+      more than once scared back the Alien? Be this as it may, such failure on
+      my part, after best efforts, must excuse the imperfection of this sketch;
+      altogether incomplete, yet the completest I could give of a Sect too
+      singular to be omitted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+      private individual, to open another <i>Fashionable Novel</i>. But luckily,
+      in this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+      deliverance is held out to me. Round one of those Book-packages, which the
+      <i>Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung</i> is in the habit of importing from
+      England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets (<i>Maculatur-blatter</i>),
+      by way of interior wrappage: into these the Clothes-Philosopher, with a
+      certain Mahometan reverence even for waste-paper, where curious knowledge
+      will sometimes hover, disdains not to cast his eye. Readers may judge of
+      his astonishment when on such a defaced stray-sheet, probably the outcast
+      fraction of some English Periodical, such as they name <i>Magazine</i>,
+      appears something like a Dissertation on this very subject of <i>Fashionable
+      Novels</i>! It sets out, indeed, chiefly from a Secular point of view;
+      directing itself, not without asperity, against some to me unknown
+      individual named <i>Pelham</i>, who seems to be a Mystagogue, and leading
+      Teacher and Preacher of the Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise was not
+      to be expected in such a fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true secret, the
+      Religious physiognomy and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is nowise laid
+      fully open there. Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time to time
+      sparkle out, whereby I have endeavored to profit. Nay, in one passage
+      selected from the Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever they are
+      (for the style seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what appears
+      to be a Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the tenets
+      of that Sect. Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as proceeding
+      from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven distinct
+      Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+      therewith taking leave of this matter. Observe also, that to avoid
+      possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+      Original:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '1. Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+      time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '2. The collar is a very important point: it should be low behind, and
+      slightly rolled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '3. No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+      posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '4. There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '5. The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than in
+      his rings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '6. It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear white
+      waistcoats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      '7. The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+      but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British Sect,
+      originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat still is;
+      but known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere rapidly
+      spreading. As this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books, it
+      remains to me in the same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which has
+      published Books that the unassisted human faculties are inadequate to
+      read. The members appear to be designated by a considerable diversity of
+      names, according to their various places of establishment: in England they
+      are generally called the <i>Drudge</i> Sect; also, unphilosophically
+      enough, the <i>White Negroes</i>; and, chiefly in scorn by those of other
+      communions, the <i>Ragged-Beggar</i> Sect. In Scotland, again, I find them
+      entitled <i>Hallanshakers</i>, or the <i>Stook of Duds</i> Sect; any
+      individual communicant is named <i>Stook of Duds</i> (that is, Shock of
+      Rags), in allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume. While in
+      Ireland, which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go by a
+      perplexing multiplicity of designations, such as <i>Bogtrotters,
+      Redshanks, Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood,
+      Rockites, Poor-Slaves</i>: which last, however, seems to be the primary
+      and generic name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary
+      species, or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the
+      parent stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+      here loss of time to dwell on. Enough for us to understand, what seems
+      indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the <i>Poor-Slaves</i>;
+      whose doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and
+      animate the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood: how the Universe, and
+      Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish
+      Poor-Slave; with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the
+      Future, round on the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely
+      difficult to specify. Something Monastic there appears to be in their
+      Constitution: we find them bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty and
+      Obedience; which vows, especially the former, it is said, they observe
+      with great strictness; nay, as I have understood it, they are pledged, and
+      be it by any solemn Nazarene ordination or not, irrevocably consecrated
+      thereto, even <i>before</i> birth. That the third Monastic Vow, of
+      Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I find no ground to conjecture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+      principle of wearing a peculiar Costume. Of which Irish Poor-Slave Costume
+      no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for this
+      reason, that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem
+      describable. Their raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets and
+      irregular wings, of all cloths and of all colors; through the labyrinthic
+      intricacies of which their bodies are introduced by some unknown process.
+      It is fastened together by a multiplex combination of buttons, thrums and
+      skewers; to which frequently is added a girdle of leather, of hempen or
+      even of straw rope, round the loins. To straw rope, indeed, they seem
+      partial, and often wear it by way of sandals. In head-dress they affect a
+      certain freedom: hats with partial brim, without crown, or with only a
+      loose, hinged, or valve crown; in the former case, they sometimes invert
+      the hat, and wear it brim uppermost, like a university-cap, with what view
+      is unknown.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+      origin: not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+      Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character. One
+      might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth: for they dig and
+      affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in private
+      Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from her; seldom
+      looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with comparative
+      indifference. Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live in dark
+      dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they find such,
+      and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other opaque substances,
+      till the fit obscurity is restored. Again, like all followers of
+      Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an enthusiasm rising
+      to ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet in sod cottages.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In respect of diet, they have also their observances. All Poor-Slaves are
+      Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use Salted
+      Herrings: other animal food they abstain from; except indeed, with perhaps
+      some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling, such animals as
+      die a natural death. Their universal sustenance is the root named Potato,
+      cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment or relish of any
+      kind, save an unknown condiment named <i>Point</i>, into the meaning of
+      which I have vainly inquired; the victual <i>Potatoes-and-Point</i> not
+      appearing, at least not with specific accuracy of description, in any
+      European Cookery-Book whatever. For drink, they use, with an almost
+      epigrammatic counterpoise of taste, Milk, which is the mildest of liquors,
+      and <i>Potheen</i>, which is the fiercest. This latter I have tasted, as
+      well as the English <i>Blue-Ruin</i>, and the Scotch <i>Whiskey</i>,
+      analogous fluids used by the Sect in those countries: it evidently
+      contains some form of alcohol, in the highest state of concentration,
+      though disguised with acrid oils; and is, on the whole, the most pungent
+      substance known to me,&mdash;indeed, a perfect liquid fire. In all their
+      Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said to be an indispensable requisite,
+      and largely consumed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself
+      under the to me unmeaning title of <i>The late John Bernard</i>, offers
+      the following sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof,
+      though such is not stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.
+      Thereby shall my German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it were
+      with their own eyes; and even see him at meat. Moreover, in the so
+      precious waste-paper sheet above mentioned, I have found some
+      corresponding picture of a Dandiacal Household, painted by that same
+      Dandiacal Mystagogue, or Theogonist: this also, by way of counterpart and
+      contrast, the world shall look into.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been a
+      species of Innkeeper. I quote from the original:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+      oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin. There was a
+      Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and the
+      space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for their
+      cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests. On entering the house we
+      discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner: the father sitting at
+      the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side, of a large
+      oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a trough, to
+      receive the contents of their Pot of Potatoes. Little holes were cut at
+      equal distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on the table:
+      all the luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes were dispensed
+      with.' The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he says,
+      broad-backed, black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth from ear
+      to ear. His Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and his young
+      ones, bare and chubby, had the appetite of ravens. Of their Philosophical
+      or Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+      often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs
+      and ottomans of the same hue. Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on
+      each side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet. Several
+      Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a smaller
+      table of mother-of-pearl: opposite to these are placed the appurtenances
+      of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver. A Wardrobe of Buhl is on the
+      left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover a profusion of
+      Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize the lower shelves.
+      Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight glimpse of a
+      Bath-room. Folding-doors in the background.&mdash;Enter the Author,' our
+      Theogonist in person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French Valet, in white
+      silk Jacket and cambric Apron.'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+      portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country. To the
+      eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with the
+      elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling. These two
+      principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or
+      Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do as yet
+      indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable shapes:
+      nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications, they extend
+      through the entire structure of Society, and work unweariedly in the
+      secret depths of English national Existence; striving to separate and
+      isolate it into two contradictory, uncommunicating masses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges, it
+      would seem, are hourly increasing. The Dandiacal, again, is by nature no
+      proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and is
+      strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet no
+      rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+      affiliations. If, indeed, there were to arise a <i>Communion of Drudges</i>,
+      as there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would
+      follow therefrom! Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism: but
+      perhaps the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought to
+      look down, and which up, is not so distant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+      between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+      there be none left to enlist on either side. Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+      with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body: the Drudges,
+      gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+      Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+      refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will form
+      another. I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless boiling
+      Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm land: as
+      yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells, which man's art
+      might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily widening: they are
+      hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep, over which your firm
+      land is but a thin crust or rind! Thus daily is the intermediate land
+      crumbling in, daily the empire of the two Buchan-Bullers extending; till
+      now there is but a foot-plank, a mere film of Land between them; this too
+      is washed away: and then&mdash;we have the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's
+      Deluge is out-deluged!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled
+      Electric Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries
+      of opposite quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one
+      attracts hourly towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity
+      of the nation (namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy with
+      the Negative (that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.
+      Hitherto you see only partial transient sparkles and sputters: but wait a
+      little, till the entire nation is in an electric state: till your whole
+      vital Electricity, no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two isolated
+      portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger); and stands
+      there bottled up in two World-Batteries! The stirring of a child's finger
+      brings the two together; and then&mdash;What then? The Earth is but
+      shivered into impalpable smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the Sun misses
+      one of his Planets in Space, and thenceforth there are no eclipses of the
+      Moon.&mdash;Or better still, I might liken"&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which,
+      truly, it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+      from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+      Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion: but
+      never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort his
+      otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the <i>Dandiacal Body</i>!
+      Or was there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer not
+      quite the blinkard he affects to be? Of an ordinary mortal we should have
+      decisively answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh there
+      ever hovers some shade of doubt. In the mean while, if satire were
+      actually intended, the case is little better. There are not wanting men
+      who will answer: Does your Professor take us for simpletons? His irony has
+      overshot itself; we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0032" id="link2HCH0032">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. TAILORS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+      Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently drawn;
+      and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors. On this latter our
+      opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself, as
+      expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore, we
+      willingly give place. Let him speak his own last words, in his own way:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding
+      fight of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van, and
+      thrones be hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch of
+      Iniquity have his victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs, before
+      Tailors can be admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood, and this
+      last wound of suffering Humanity be closed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us, here
+      might we indeed pause and wonder. An idea has gone abroad, and fixed
+      itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a
+      distinct species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a Man.
+      Call any one a <i>Schneider</i> (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our
+      dislocated, hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society,
+      equivalent to defying his perpetual fellest enmity? The epithet <i>schneidermassig</i>
+      (tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable degree of
+      pusillanimity; we introduce a <i>Tailor's-Melancholy</i>, more opprobrious
+      than any Leprosy, into our Books of Medicine; and fable I know not what of
+      his generating it by living on Cabbage. Why should I speak of Hans Sachs
+      (himself a Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor), with his <i>Schneider
+      mit dem Panier</i>? Why of Shakspeare, in his <i>Taming of the Shrew</i>,
+      and elsewhere? Does it not stand on record that the English Queen
+      Elizabeth, receiving a deputation of Eighteen Tailors, addressed them with
+      a 'Good morning, gentlemen both!' Did not the same virago boast that she
+      had a Cavalry Regiment, whereof neither horse nor man could be injured;
+      her Regiment, namely, of Tailors on Mares? Thus everywhere is the
+      falsehood taken for granted, and acted on as an indisputable fact.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it is
+      disputable or not? Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+      Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+      sartorius? Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured to
+      perform? Can he not arrest for debt? Is he not in most countries a
+      taxpaying animal?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is mine.
+      Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural Inquiries,
+      is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated towards a
+      higher Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen forecast of
+      genius, dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear light: that the
+      Tailor is not only a Man, but something of a Creator or Divinity. Of
+      Franklin it was said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from Heaven and the
+      Sceptre from Kings:' but which is greater, I would ask, he that lends, or
+      he that snatches? For, looking away from individual cases, and how a Man
+      is by the Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and clothed not only with
+      Wool but with Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,&mdash;is not the fair fabric
+      of Society itself, with all its royal mantles and pontifical stoles,
+      whereby, from nakedness and dismemberment, we are organized into Polities,
+      into nations, and a whole co-operating Mankind, the creation, as has here
+      been often irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor alone?&mdash;What too are
+      all Poets and moral Teachers, but a species of Metaphorical Tailors?
+      Touching which high Guild the greatest living Guild-brother has
+      triumphantly asked us: 'Nay if thou wilt have it, who but the Poet first
+      made Gods for men; brought them down to us; and raised us up to them?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his
+      Shopboard, the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!
+      Look up, thou much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope, and
+      prophetic bodings of a noble better time. Too long hast thou sat there, on
+      crossed legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some sacred
+      Anchorite, or Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down Heaven's richest
+      blessings, for a world that scoffed at thee. Be of hope! Already streaks
+      of blue peer through our clouds; the thick gloom of Ignorance is rolling
+      asunder, and it will be Day. Mankind will repay with interest their
+      long-accumulated debt: the Anchorite that was scoffed at will be
+      worshipped; the Fraction will become not an Integer only, but a Square and
+      Cube. With astonishment the world will recognize that the Tailor is its
+      Hierophant and Hierarch, or even its God.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+      Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which
+      the Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:
+      How many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this
+      Arabian Whinstone!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in the
+      Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood written
+      that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;' and stood
+      painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and between the knees
+      these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA. Was not this the martyr
+      prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet sighing towards
+      deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better day? A day of
+      justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to man, and the
+      Scissors become forever venerable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in vain.
+      It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and shed
+      asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived this Work
+      on Clothes: the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has already, after
+      long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so large a section of my
+      Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion may here find its
+      conclusion."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0033" id="link2HCH0033">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XII. FAREWELL.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more
+      like a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for his
+      fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them
+      separately on a cover of our own. A laborious, perhaps a thankless
+      enterprise; in which, however, something of hope has occasionally cheered
+      us, and of which we can now wash our hands not altogether without
+      satisfaction. If hereby, though in barbaric wise, some morsel of spiritual
+      nourishment have been added to the scanty ration of our beloved British
+      world, what nobler recompense could the Editor desire? If it prove
+      otherwise, why should he murmur? Was not this a Task which Destiny, in any
+      case, had appointed him; which having now done with, he sees his general
+      Day's-work so much the lighter, so much the shorter?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without a
+      mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval. Who will not
+      regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher walks of
+      Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a rummaging
+      among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels, where lost
+      rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests? Regret is
+      unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time. To cure him of his mad humors
+      British Criticism would essay in vain: enough for her if she can, by
+      vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves. What a result,
+      should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of writing, not
+      to say of thinking, become general among our Literary men! As it might so
+      easily do. Thus has not the Editor himself, working over Teufelsdrockh's
+      German, lost much of his own English purity? Even as the smaller whirlpool
+      is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along with it, so has the
+      lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become portion of the
+      greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively: which habit time and
+      assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any reader
+      that can part with him in declared enmity? Let us confess, there is that
+      in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost attaches
+      us. His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man who had said
+      to Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not be; and to
+      Truth, Be thou in place of all to me: a man who had manfully defied the
+      "Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps, Hannibal-like, was
+      mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare, and now stood minded
+      to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places, at all times. In such a
+      cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still the question returns on us: How could a man occasionally of keen
+      insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+      communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+      absurd? Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+      satisfactorily answer. Our conjecture has sometimes been, that perhaps
+      Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it. Seems it not conceivable
+      that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much bountifully given by
+      Nature had in Practice failed and misgone, Literature also would never
+      rightly prosper: that striving with his characteristic vehemence to paint
+      this and the other Picture, and ever without success, he at last
+      desperately dashes his sponge, full of all colors, against the canvas, to
+      try whether it will paint Foam? With all his stillness, there were perhaps
+      in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough for this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty. It is, that
+      Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a wish
+      to proselytize. How often already have we paused, uncertain whether the
+      basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair, or
+      Love and Hope only seared into the figure of these! Remarkable, moreover,
+      is this saying of his: "How were Friendship possible? In mutual
+      devotedness to the Good and True: otherwise impossible; except as Armed
+      Neutrality, or hollow Commercial League. A man, be the Heavens ever
+      praised, is sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in Love,
+      capable of being and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail in.
+      Infinite is the help man can yield to man." And now in conjunction
+      therewith consider this other: "It is the Night of the World, and still
+      long till it be Day: we wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and the
+      Sun and the Stars of Heaven are as if blotted out for a season; and two
+      immeasurable Phantoms, HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul, SENSUALITY,
+      stalk abroad over the Earth, and call it theirs: well at ease are the
+      Sleepers for whom Existence is a shallow Dream."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality? Should not these
+      unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?&mdash;In
+      which case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous
+      Pitch-pan, which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had kindled,
+      that it might flame far and wide through the Night, and many a
+      disconsolately wandering spirit be guided thither to a Brother's bosom!&mdash;We
+      say as before, with all his malign Indifference, who knows what mad Hopes
+      this man may harbor?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+      such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other men,
+      might as good as altogether subvert it. Namely, that while the Beacon-fire
+      blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that no pilgrim could
+      now ask him: Watchman, what of the Night? Professor Teufelsdrockh, be it
+      known, is no longer visibly present at Weissnichtwo, but again to all
+      appearance lost in space! Some time ago, the Hofrath Heuschrecke was
+      pleased to favor us with another copious Epistle; wherein much is said
+      about the "Population-Institute;" much repeated in praise of the Paper-bag
+      Documents, the hieroglyphic nature of which our Hofrath still seems not to
+      have surmised; and, lastly, the strangest occurrence communicated, to us
+      for the first time, in the following paragraph:&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Ew. Wohlgeboren</i> will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+      affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+      disappearance of her Sage. Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+      on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves by
+      what mystery he went away! But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or affects
+      the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance: in the Wahngasse all
+      lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself can hitherto
+      elicit no answer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those Parisian
+      Three Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear in Weissnichtwo,
+      Herr Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the <i>Gans</i> or elsewhere, to have
+      spoken, for a whole week, any syllable except once these three: <i>Es geht
+      an</i> (It is beginning). Shortly after, as <i>Ew. Wohlgeboren</i> knows,
+      was the public tranquillity here, as in Berlin, threatened by a Sedition
+      of the Tailors. Nor did there want Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate
+      Alarmists, who asserted that the closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was
+      to blame. In this appalling crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was
+      indescribable: nay, perhaps through one humble individual, something
+      thereof might pass into the <i>Rath</i> (Council) itself, and so
+      contribute to the country's deliverance. The Tailors are now entirely
+      pacificated.&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss: yet still
+      comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics. For
+      example, when the <i>Saint-Simonian Society</i> transmitted its
+      Propositions hither, and the whole <i>Gans</i> was one vast cackle of
+      laughter, lamentation and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end
+      of the third evening said merely: 'Here also are men who have discovered,
+      not without amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high,
+      long-forgotten Truth you already see them make a false application.' Since
+      then, as has been ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there
+      passed at least one Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs
+      Bazard-Enfantin and our Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be
+      conjectured. On the fifth night following, he was seen for the last time!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+      convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or
+      did he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them,
+      and confront them? Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to believe
+      the Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere long he
+      will himself give a sign. Otherwise, indeed, his archives must, one day,
+      be opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the <i>Palingenesie</i>
+      itself, is thought to be reposited."
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+      Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced to
+      an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were only
+      beginning? We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has melted
+      into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other. May Time,
+      which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this also!
+      Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is that,
+      safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+      Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+      over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen. Well does he know, if
+      human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+      likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+      readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+      interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so much,
+      not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective. For which, as
+      for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers? To one and all
+      of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and open heart,
+      will wave a kind farewell. Thou too, miraculous Entity, who namest thyself
+      YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and genialities, with thy all
+      too Irish mirth and madness, and odor of palled punch, makest such strange
+      work, farewell; long as thou canst, <i>fare-well</i>! Have we not, in the
+      course of Eternity, travelled some months of our Life-journey in partial
+      sight of one another; have we not existed together, though in a state of
+      quarrel?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_APPE" id="link2H_APPE">
+      <!--  H2 anchor --> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      APPENDIX.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+      solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental,
+      could not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;&mdash;and
+      had at last to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit
+      by bit, in some courageous <i>Magazine</i> that offered. Whereby now, to
+      certain idly curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the
+      insignificant but at last irritating question, What its real history and
+      chronology are, is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American had
+      now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the title, "<i>Testimonies
+      of Authors</i>," some straggle of real documents, which, now that I find
+      it again, sets the matter into clear light and sequence:&mdash;and shall
+      here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and nugatory guessings from the
+      path of every reader, be reprinted as it stood. (<i>Author's Note, of</i>
+      1868.)
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS. I. HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Taster to Bookseller</i>.&mdash;"The Author of <i>Teufelsdrockh</i> is
+      a person of talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of
+      thought and expression, considerable fancy and knowledge: but whether or
+      not it would take with the public seems doubtful. For a <i>jeu d'esprit</i>
+      of that kind it is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or
+      article than as a volume. The Author has no great tact; his wit is
+      frequently heavy; and reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping
+      on tables and answered that he was learning to be lively. <i>Is</i> the
+      work a translation?"
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>Bookseller to Editor</i>.&mdash;"Allow me to say that such a writer
+      requires only a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able
+      work. Directly on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a
+      gentleman in the highest class of men of letters, and an accomplished
+      German scholar: I now enclose you his opinion, which, you may rely upon
+      it, is a just one; and I have too high an opinion of your good sense to"
+      &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;<i>Ms. (penes nos), London, 17th September</i>,
+      1831.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      II. CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Fraser's Magazine</i> exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the"
+      &amp;c.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "<i>Sartor Resartus</i> is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+      nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by thought
+      and striking poetic vigor. But what does the writer mean by 'Baphometic
+      fire-baptism'? Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and write so as to
+      make himself generally intelligible? We quote by way of curiosity a
+      sentence from the <i>Sartor Resartus</i>; which may be read either
+      backwards or forwards, for it is equally intelligible either way: indeed,
+      by beginning at the tail, and so working up to the head, we think the
+      reader will stand the fairest chance of getting at its meaning: 'The
+      fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven, here feels its own
+      freedom; which feeling is its Baphometic baptism: the citadel of its whole
+      kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable;
+      outwards from which the remaining dominions, not indeed without hard
+      battering, will doubtless by degrees be conquered and pacificated.' Here
+      is a"...&mdash;<i>Sun Newspaper, 1st April</i>, 1834.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      III. NORTH&mdash;AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no
+      such persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever
+      existed; that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions and
+      multifarious contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the 'present
+      Editor' is the only person who has ever written upon the Philosophy of
+      Clothes; and that the <i>Sartor Resartus</i> is the only treatise that has
+      yet appeared upon that subject;&mdash;in short, that the whole account of
+      the origin of the work before us, which the supposed Editor relates with
+      so much gravity, and of which we have given a brief abstract, is, in plain
+      English, a <i>hum</i>.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+      entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all
+      other information on the subject, except what is contained in the work, is
+      itself a fact of a most significant character. The whole German press, as
+      well as the particular one where the work purports to have been printed,
+      seems to be under the control of <i>Stillschweigen and Co. </i>&mdash;Silence
+      and Company. If the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are making so great
+      a sensation throughout Germany as is pretended, how happens it that the
+      only notice we have of the fact is contained in a few numbers of a monthly
+      Magazine published at London! How happens it that no intelligence about
+      the matter has come out directly to this country? We pique ourselves here
+      in New England upon knowing at least as much of what is going on in the
+      literary way in the old Dutch Mother-land as our brethren of the
+      fast-anchored Isle; but thus far we have no tidings whatever of the
+      'extensive close-printed, close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject
+      of this pretended commentary. Again, we would respectfully inquire of the
+      'present Editor' upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for
+      the city of <i>Weissnichtwo</i>&mdash;'Know-not-where'&mdash;at which
+      place the work is supposed to have been printed, and the Author to have
+      resided. It has been our fortune to visit several portions of the German
+      territory, and to examine pretty carefully, at different times and for
+      various purposes, maps of the whole; but we have no recollection of any
+      such place. We suspect that the city of <i>Know-not-where</i> might be
+      called, with at least as much propriety, <i>Nobody-knows-where</i>, and is
+      to be found in the kingdom of <i>Nowhere</i>. Again, the village of <i>Entepfuhl</i>&mdash;'Duck-pond'&mdash;where
+      the supposed Author of the work is said to have passed his youth, and that
+      of <i>Hinterschlag</i>, where he had his education, are equally foreign to
+      our geography. Duck-ponds enough there undoubtedly are in almost every
+      village in Germany, as the traveller in that country knows too well to his
+      cost, but any particular village denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether
+      <i>terra incognita</i>. The names of the personages are not less singular
+      than those of the places. Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking
+      together of such a pair of appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh? The
+      supposed bearer of this strange title is represented as admitting, in his
+      pretended autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all
+      the Heralds' books in and without the German empire, and through all
+      manner of Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,'
+      but had nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as
+      appended to his own person.' We can readily believe this, and we doubt
+      very much whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a son to
+      carry through life the burden of so unpleasant a title. That of Counsellor
+      Heuschrecke&mdash;'Grasshopper'&mdash;though not offensive, looks much
+      more like a piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.' The
+      same may be said of <i>Blumine</i>&mdash;'Flower-Goddess'&mdash;the
+      heroine of the fable; and so of the rest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the whole
+      story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of
+      Nobody-knows-where, a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor
+      Grasshopper, a Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as much
+      foundation in truth as the late entertaining account of Sir John
+      Herschel's discoveries in the moon. Fictions of this kind are, however,
+      not uncommon, and ought not, perhaps, to be condemned with too much
+      severity; but we are not sure that we can exercise the same indulgence in
+      regard to the attempt, which seems to be made to mislead the public as to
+      the substance of the work before us, and its pretended German original.
+      Both purport, as we have seen, to be upon the subject of Clothes, or
+      dress. <i>Clothes, their Origin and Influence</i>, is the title of the
+      supposed German treatise of Professor Teufelsdrockh and the rather odd
+      name of <i>Sartor Resartus</i>&mdash;the Tailor Patched&mdash;which the
+      present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary, seems to look the
+      same way. But though there is a good deal of remark throughout the work in
+      a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it seems to be in reality a
+      treatise upon the great science of Things in General, which Teufelsdrockh,
+      is supposed to have professed at the university of Nobody-knows-where.
+      Now, without intending to adopt a too rigid standard of morals, we own
+      that we doubt a little the propriety of offering to the public a treatise
+      on Things in General, under the name and in the form of an Essay on Dress.
+      For ourselves, advanced as we unfortunately are in the journey of life,
+      far beyond the period when dress is practically a matter of interest, we
+      have no hesitation in saying, that the real subject of the work is to us
+      more attractive than the ostensible one. But this is probably not the case
+      with the mass of readers. To the younger portion of the community, which
+      constitutes everywhere the very great majority, the subject of dress is
+      one of intense and paramount importance. An author who treats it appeals,
+      like the poet, to the young men end maddens&mdash;<i>virginibus puerisque</i>&mdash;and
+      calls upon them, by all the motives which habitually operate most strongly
+      upon their feelings, to buy his book. When, after opening their purses for
+      this purpose, they have carried home the work in triumph, expecting to
+      find in it some particular instruction in regard to the tying of their
+      neckcloths, or the cut of their corsets, and meet with nothing better than
+      a dissertation on Things in General, they will&mdash;to use the mildest
+      term&mdash;not be in very good humor. If the last improvements in
+      legislation, which we have made in this country, should have found their
+      way to England, the author, we think, would stand some chance of being <i>Lynched</i>.
+      Whether his object in this piece of <i>supercherie</i> be merely pecuniary
+      profit, or whether he takes a malicious pleasure in quizzing the Dandies,
+      we shall not undertake to say. In the latter part of the work, he devotes
+      a separate chapter to this class of persons, from the tenor of which we
+      should be disposed to conclude, that he would consider any mode of
+      divesting them of their property very much in the nature of a spoiling of
+      the Egyptians.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+      purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style,
+      which is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of
+      richness, vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression,
+      but very strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the German
+      language. This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a
+      great familiarity with German literature; and we cannot, therefore, look
+      upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evidence
+      of an opposite character."&mdash;<i>North-American Review, No. 89, October</i>,
+      1835.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      IV. NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons,
+      to collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets [*] in
+      which they first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in
+      themselves the assurance of a longer date.
+    </p>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+     * <i>Fraser's</i> (London) <i>Magazine</i>, 1833-34.
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      "The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a sudden
+      and general popularity. They will not undertake, as there is no need, to
+      justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to dress his
+      thoughts, or the German idioms with which he has sportively sprinkled his
+      pages. It is his humor to advance the gravest speculations upon the
+      gravest topics in a quaint and burlesque style. If his masquerade offend
+      any of his audience, to that degree that they will not hear what he has to
+      say, it may chance to draw others to listen to his wisdom; and what work
+      of imagination can hope to please all! But we will venture to remark that
+      the distaste excited by these peculiarities in some readers is greatest at
+      first, and is soon forgotten; and that the foreign dress and aspect of the
+      Work are quite superficial, and cover a genuine Saxon heart. We believe,
+      no book has been published for many years, written in a more sincere style
+      of idiomatic English, or which discovers an equal mastery over all the
+      riches of the language. The Author makes ample amends for the occasional
+      eccentricity of his genius, not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor,
+      but by the wit and sense which never fail him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      "But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+      manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of the
+      Age&mdash;we had almost said, of the hour&mdash;in which we live;
+      exhibiting in the most just and novel light the present aspects of
+      Religion, Politics, Literature, Arts, and Social Life. Under all his
+      gayety the Writer has an earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into
+      the manifold wants and tendencies of human nature, which is very rare
+      among our popular authors. The philanthropy and the purity of moral
+      sentiment, which inspire the work, will find their way to the heart of
+      every lover of virtue."&mdash;<i>Preface to Sartor Resartus: Boston</i>,
+      1835, 1837.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Transcriber's Note: All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the
+      printed text. Italicized phrases are delimited by <i>underscores</i>.
+      Footnotes (there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+      paragraphs referencing them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+  <div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 1051 ***</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg Etext of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
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+Sartor Resartus
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+
+SARTOR RESARTUS:  The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh
+By Thomas Carlyle.
+[1831]
+
+
+
+
+BOOK I.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+PRELIMINARY.
+
+Considering our present advanced state of culture, and how the Torch of
+Science has now been brandished and borne about, with more or less effect,
+for five thousand years and upwards; how, in these times especially, not
+only the Torch still burns, and perhaps more fiercely than ever, but
+innumerable Rushlights, and Sulphur-matches, kindled thereat, are also
+glancing in every direction, so that not the smallest cranny or dog-hole in
+Nature or Art can remain unilluminated,--it might strike the reflective
+mind with some surprise that hitherto little or nothing of a fundamental
+character, whether in the way of Philosophy or History, has been written on
+the subject of Clothes.
+
+Our Theory of Gravitation is as good as perfect:  Lagrange, it is well
+known, has proved that the Planetary System, on this scheme, will endure
+forever; Laplace, still more cunningly, even guesses that it could not have
+been made on any other scheme.  Whereby, at least, our nautical Logbooks
+can be better kept; and water-transport of all kinds has grown more
+commodious.  Of Geology and Geognosy we know enough:  what with the labors
+of our Werners and Huttons, what with the ardent genius of their disciples,
+it has come about that now, to many a Royal Society, the Creation of a
+World is little more mysterious than the cooking of a dumpling; concerning
+which last, indeed, there have been minds to whom the question, _How the
+apples were got in_, presented difficulties.  Why mention our disquisitions
+on the Social Contract, on the Standard of Taste, on the Migrations of the
+Herring?  Then, have we not a Doctrine of Rent, a Theory of Value;
+Philosophies of Language, of History, of Pottery, of Apparitions, of
+Intoxicating Liquors?  Man's whole life and environment have been laid open
+and elucidated; scarcely a fragment or fibre of his Soul, Body, and
+Possessions, but has been probed, dissected, distilled, desiccated, and
+scientifically decomposed:  our spiritual Faculties, of which it appears
+there are not a few, have their Stewarts, Cousins, Royer Collards:  every
+cellular, vascular, muscular Tissue glories in its Lawrences, Majendies,
+Bichats.
+
+How, then, comes it, may the reflective mind repeat, that the grand Tissue
+of all Tissues, the only real Tissue, should have been quite overlooked by
+Science,--the vestural Tissue, namely, of woollen or other cloth; which
+Man's Soul wears as its outmost wrappage and overall; wherein his whole
+other Tissues are included and screened, his whole Faculties work, his
+whole Self lives, moves, and has its being?  For if, now and then, some
+straggling broken-winged thinker has cast an owl's glance into this obscure
+region, the most have soared over it altogether heedless; regarding Clothes
+as a property, not an accident, as quite natural and spontaneous, like the
+leaves of trees, like the plumage of birds.  In all speculations they have
+tacitly figured man as _a Clothed Animal_; whereas he is by nature a _Naked
+Animal_; and only in certain circumstances, by purpose and device, masks
+himself in Clothes.  Shakespeare says, we are creatures that look before
+and after:  the more surprising that we do not look round a little, and see
+what is passing under our very eyes.
+
+But here, as in so many other cases, Germany, learned, indefatigable,
+deep-thinking Germany comes to our aid.  It is, after all, a blessing that,
+in these revolutionary times, there should be one country where abstract
+Thought can still take shelter; that while the din and frenzy of Catholic
+Emancipations, and Rotten Boroughs, and Revolts of Paris, deafen every
+French and every English ear, the German can stand peaceful on his
+scientific watch-tower; and, to the raging, struggling multitude here and
+elsewhere, solemnly, from hour to hour, with preparatory blast of cow-horn,
+emit his _Horet ihr Herren und lasset's Euch sagen_; in other words, tell
+the Universe, which so often forgets that fact, what o'clock it really is.
+Not unfrequently the Germans have been blamed for an unprofitable
+diligence; as if they struck into devious courses, where nothing was to be
+had but the toil of a rough journey; as if, forsaking the gold-mines of
+finance and that political slaughter of fat oxen whereby a man himself
+grows fat, they were apt to run goose-hunting into regions of bilberries
+and crowberries, and be swallowed up at last in remote peat-bogs.  Of that
+unwise science, which, as our Humorist expresses it,
+
+                   "By geometric scale
+     Doth take the size of pots of ale;"
+
+still more, of that altogether misdirected industry, which is seen
+vigorously thrashing mere straw, there can nothing defensive be said.  In
+so far as the Germans are chargeable with such, let them take the
+consequence.  Nevertheless be it remarked, that even a Russian steppe has
+tumult and gold ornaments; also many a scene that looks desert and
+rock-bound from the distance, will unfold itself, when visited, into rare
+valleys.  Nay, in any case, would Criticism erect not only finger-posts and
+turnpikes, but spiked gates and impassable barriers, for the mind of man?
+It is written, "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be
+increased."  Surely the plain rule is, Let each considerate person have his
+way, and see what it will lead to.  For not this man and that man, but all
+men make up mankind, and their united tasks the task of mankind.  How often
+have we seen some such adventurous, and perhaps much-censured wanderer
+light on some out-lying, neglected, yet vitally momentous province; the
+hidden treasures of which he first discovered, and kept proclaiming till
+the general eye and effort were directed thither, and the conquest was
+completed;--thereby, in these his seemingly so aimless rambles, planting
+new standards, founding new habitable colonies, in the immeasurable
+circumambient realm of Nothingness and Night!  Wise man was he who
+counselled that Speculation should have free course, and look fearlessly
+towards all the thirty-two points of the compass, whithersoever and
+howsoever it listed.
+
+
+Perhaps it is proof of the stunted condition in which pure Science,
+especially pure moral Science, languishes among us English; and how our
+mercantile greatness, and invaluable Constitution, impressing a political
+or other immediately practical tendency on all English culture and
+endeavor, cramps the free flight of Thought,--that this, not Philosophy of
+Clothes, but recognition even that we have no such Philosophy, stands here
+for the first time published in our language.  What English intellect could
+have chosen such a topic, or by chance stumbled on it?  But for that same
+unshackled, and even sequestered condition of the German Learned, which
+permits and induces them to fish in all manner of waters, with all manner
+of nets, it seems probable enough, this abtruse Inquiry might, in spite of
+the results it leads to, have continued dormant for indefinite periods.
+The Editor of these sheets, though otherwise boasting himself a man of
+confirmed speculative habits, and perhaps discursive enough, is free to
+confess, that never, till these last months, did the above very plain
+considerations, on our total want of a Philosophy of Clothes, occur to him;
+and then, by quite foreign suggestion.  By the arrival, namely, of a new
+Book from Professor Teufelsdrockh of Weissnichtwo; treating expressly of
+this subject, and in a style which, whether understood or not, could not
+even by the blindest be overlooked.  In the present Editor's way of
+thought, this remarkable Treatise, with its Doctrines, whether as
+judicially acceded to, or judicially denied, has not remained without
+effect.
+
+"_Die Kleider, ihr Werden und Wirken_ (Clothes, their Origin and
+Influence):  _von Diog. Teufelsdrockh, J. U. D. etc.  Stillschweigen und
+Cognie.  Weissnichtwo_, 1831.
+
+"Here," says the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, "comes a Volume of that
+extensive, close-printed, close-meditated sort, which, be it spoken with
+pride, is seen only in Germany, perhaps only in Weissnichtwo.  Issuing from
+the hitherto irreproachable Firm of Stillschweigen and Company, with every
+external furtherance, it is of such internal quality as to set Neglect at
+defiance....  A work," concludes the well-nigh enthusiastic Reviewer,
+"interesting alike to the antiquary, the historian, and the philosophic
+thinker; a masterpiece of boldness, lynx-eyed acuteness, and rugged
+independent Germanism and Philanthropy (_derber Kerndeutschheit und
+Menschenliebe_); which will not, assuredly, pass current without opposition
+in high places; but must and will exalt the almost new name of
+Teufelsdrockh to the first ranks of Philosophy, in our German Temple of
+Honor."
+
+Mindful of old friendship, the distinguished Professor, in this the first
+blaze of his fame, which however does not dazzle him, sends hither a
+Presentation-copy of his Book; with compliments and encomiums which modesty
+forbids the present Editor to rehearse; yet without indicated wish or hope
+of any kind, except what may be implied in the concluding phrase:  _Mochte
+es_ (this remarkable Treatise) _auch im Brittischen Boden gedeihen_!
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+EDITORIAL DIFFICULTIES.
+
+If for a speculative man, "whose seedfield," in the sublime words of the
+Poet, "is Time," no conquest is important but that of new ideas, then might
+the arrival of Professor Teufelsdrockh's Book be marked with chalk in the
+Editor's calendar.  It is indeed an "extensive Volume," of boundless,
+almost formless contents, a very Sea of Thought; neither calm nor clear, if
+you will; yet wherein the toughest pearl-diver may dive to his utmost
+depth, and return not only with sea-wreck but with true orients.
+
+Directly on the first perusal, almost on the first deliberate inspection,
+it became apparent that here a quite new Branch of Philosophy, leading to
+as yet undescried ulterior results, was disclosed; farther, what seemed
+scarcely less interesting, a quite new human Individuality, an almost
+unexampled personal character, that, namely, of Professor Teufelsdrockh the
+Discloser.  Of both which novelties, as far as might be possible, we
+resolved to master the significance.  But as man is emphatically a
+proselytizing creature, no sooner was such mastery even fairly attempted,
+than the new question arose:  How might this acquired good be imparted to
+others, perhaps in equal need thereof; how could the Philosophy of Clothes,
+and the Author of such Philosophy, be brought home, in any measure, to the
+business and bosoms of our own English Nation?  For if new-got gold is said
+to burn the pockets till it be cast forth into circulation, much more may
+new truth.
+
+Here, however, difficulties occurred.  The first thought naturally was to
+publish Article after Article on this remarkable Volume, in such widely
+circulating Critical Journals as the Editor might stand connected with, or
+by money or love procure access to.  But, on the other hand, was it not
+clear that such matter as must here be revealed, and treated of, might
+endanger the circulation of any Journal extant?  If, indeed, all
+party-divisions in the State could have been abolished, Whig, Tory, and
+Radical, embracing in discrepant union; and all the Journals of the Nation
+could have been jumbled into one Journal, and the Philosophy of Clothes
+poured forth in incessant torrents therefrom, the attempt had seemed
+possible.  But, alas, what vehicle of that sort have we, except _Fraser's
+Magazine_?  A vehicle all strewed (figuratively speaking) with the maddest
+Waterloo-Crackers, exploding distractively and destructively, wheresoever
+the mystified passenger stands or sits; nay, in any case, understood to be,
+of late years, a vehicle full to overflowing, and inexorably shut!
+Besides, to state the Philosophy of Clothes without the Philosopher, the
+ideas of Teufelsdrockh without something of his personality, was it not to
+insure both of entire misapprehension?  Now for Biography, had it been
+otherwise admissible, there were no adequate documents, no hope of
+obtaining such, but rather, owing to circumstances, a special despair.
+Thus did the Editor see himself, for the while, shut out from all public
+utterance of these extraordinary Doctrines, and constrained to revolve
+them, not without disquietude, in the dark depths of his own mind.
+
+So had it lasted for some months; and now the Volume on Clothes, read and
+again read, was in several points becoming lucid and lucent; the
+personality of its Author more and more surprising, but, in spite of all
+that memory and conjecture could do, more and more enigmatic; whereby the
+old disquietude seemed fast settling into fixed discontent,--when
+altogether unexpectedly arrives a Letter from Herr Hofrath Heuschrecke, our
+Professor's chief friend and associate in Weissnichtwo, with whom we had
+not previously corresponded.  The Hofrath, after much quite extraneous
+matter, began dilating largely on the "agitation and attention" which the
+Philosophy of Clothes was exciting in its own German Republic of Letters;
+on the deep significance and tendency of his Friend's Volume; and then, at
+length, with great circumlocution, hinted at the practicability of
+conveying "some knowledge of it, and of him, to England, and through
+England to the distant West:"  a work on Professor Teufelsdrockh "were
+undoubtedly welcome to the _Family_, the _National_, or any other of those
+patriotic _Libraries_, at present the glory of British Literature;" might
+work revolutions in Thought; and so forth;--in conclusion, intimating not
+obscurely, that should the present Editor feel disposed to undertake a
+Biography of Teufelsdrockh, he, Hofrath Heuschrecke, had it in his power to
+furnish the requisite Documents.
+
+As in some chemical mixture, that has stood long evaporating, but would not
+crystallize, instantly when the wire or other fixed substance is
+introduced, crystallization commences, and rapidly proceeds till the whole
+is finished, so was it with the Editor's mind and this offer of
+Heuschrecke's.  Form rose out of void solution and discontinuity; like
+united itself with like in definite arrangement:  and soon either in actual
+vision and possession, or in fixed reasonable hope, the image of the whole
+Enterprise had shaped itself, so to speak, into a solid mass.  Cautiously
+yet courageously, through the twopenny post, application to the famed
+redoubtable OLIVER YORKE was now made:  an interview, interviews with that
+singular man have taken place; with more of assurance on our side, with
+less of satire (at least of open satire) on his, than we anticipated; for
+the rest, with such issue as is now visible.  As to those same "patriotic
+_Libraries_," the Hofrath's counsel could only be viewed with silent
+amazement; but with his offer of Documents we joyfully and almost
+instantaneously closed.  Thus, too, in the sure expectation of these, we
+already see our task begun; and this our _Sartor Resartus_, which is
+properly a "Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdrockh," hourly advancing.
+
+
+Of our fitness for the Enterprise, to which we have such title and
+vocation, it were perhaps uninteresting to say more.  Let the British
+reader study and enjoy, in simplicity of heart, what is here presented him,
+and with whatever metaphysical acumen and talent for meditation he is
+possessed of.  Let him strive to keep a free, open sense; cleared from the
+mists of prejudice, above all from the paralysis of cant; and directed
+rather to the Book itself than to the Editor of the Book.  Who or what such
+Editor may be, must remain conjectural, and even insignificant:* it is a
+voice publishing tidings of the Philosophy of Clothes; undoubtedly a Spirit
+addressing Spirits:  whoso hath ears, let him hear.
+
+*With us even he still communicates in some sort of mask, or muffler; and,
+we have reason to think, under a feigned name!--O. Y.
+
+On one other point the Editor thinks it needful to give warning:  namely,
+that he is animated with a true though perhaps a feeble attachment to the
+Institutions of our Ancestors; and minded to defend these, according to
+ability, at all hazards; nay, it was partly with a view to such defence
+that he engaged in this undertaking.  To stem, or if that be impossible,
+profitably to divert the current of Innovation, such a Volume as
+Teufelsdrockh's, if cunningly planted down, were no despicable pile, or
+floodgate, in the logical wear.
+
+For the rest, be it nowise apprehended, that any personal connection of
+ours with Teufelsdrockh, Heuschrecke or this Philosophy of Clothes, can
+pervert our judgment, or sway us to extenuate or exaggerate.  Powerless, we
+venture to promise, are those private Compliments themselves.  Grateful
+they may well be; as generous illusions of friendship; as fair mementos of
+bygone unions, of those nights and suppers of the gods, when, lapped in the
+symphonies and harmonies of Philosophic Eloquence, though with baser
+accompaniments, the present Editor revelled in that feast of reason, never
+since vouchsafed him in so full measure!  But what then?  _Amicus Plato,
+magis amica veritas_; Teufelsdrockh is our friend, Truth is our divinity.
+In our historical and critical capacity, we hope we are strangers to all
+the world; have feud or favor with no one,--save indeed the Devil, with
+whom, as with the Prince of Lies and Darkness, we do at all times wage
+internecine war.  This assurance, at an epoch when puffery and quackery
+have reached a height unexampled in the annals of mankind, and even English
+Editors, like Chinese Shopkeepers, must write on their door-lintels _No
+cheating here_,--we thought it good to premise.
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+REMINISCENCES.
+
+To the Author's private circle the appearance of this singular Work on
+Clothes must have occasioned little less surprise than it has to the rest
+of the world.  For ourselves, at least, few things have been more
+unexpected.  Professor Teufelsdrockh, at the period of our acquaintance
+with him, seemed to lead a quite still and self-contained life:  a man
+devoted to the higher Philosophies, indeed; yet more likely, if he
+published at all, to publish a refutation of Hegel and Bardili, both of
+whom, strangely enough, he included under a common ban; than to descend, as
+he has here done, into the angry noisy Forum, with an Argument that cannot
+but exasperate and divide.  Not, that we can remember, was the Philosophy
+of Clothes once touched upon between us.  If through the high, silent,
+meditative Transcendentalism of our Friend we detected any practical
+tendency whatever, it was at most Political, and towards a certain
+prospective, and for the present quite speculative, Radicalism; as indeed
+some correspondence, on his part, with Herr Oken of Jena was now and then
+suspected; though his special contributions to the _Isis_ could never be
+more than surmised at.  But, at all events, nothing Moral, still less
+anything Didactico-Religious, was looked for from him.
+
+Well do we recollect the last words he spoke in our hearing; which indeed,
+with the Night they were uttered in, are to be forever remembered.  Lifting
+his huge tumbler of _Gukguk_,* and for a moment lowering his tobacco-pipe,
+he stood up in full Coffee-house (it was _Zur Grunen Gans_, the largest in
+Weissnichtwo, where all the Virtuosity, and nearly all the Intellect of the
+place assembled of an evening); and there, with low, soul-stirring tone,
+and the look truly of an angel, though whether of a white or of a black one
+might be dubious, proposed this toast:  _Die Sache der Armen in Gottes und
+Teufels Namen_ (The Cause of the Poor, in Heaven's name and --'s)!  One
+full shout, breaking the leaden silence; then a gurgle of innumerable
+emptying bumpers, again followed by universal cheering, returned him loud
+acclaim.  It was the finale of the night:  resuming their pipes; in the
+highest enthusiasm, amid volumes of tobacco-smoke; triumphant, cloud-capt
+without and within, the assembly broke up, each to his thoughtful pillow.
+_Bleibt doch ein echter Spass_- _und Galgen-vogel_, said several; meaning
+thereby that, one day, he would probably be hanged for his democratic
+sentiments.  _Wo steckt doch der Schalk_? added they, looking round:  but
+Teufelsdrockh had retired by private alleys, and the Compiler of these
+pages beheld him no more.
+
+*Gukguk is unhappily only an academical-beer.
+
+In such scenes has it been our lot to live with this Philosopher, such
+estimate to form of his purposes and powers.  And yet, thou brave
+Teufelsdrockh, who could tell what lurked in thee?  Under those thick locks
+of thine, so long and lank, overlapping roof-wise the gravest face we ever
+in this world saw, there dwelt a most busy brain.  In thy eyes too, deep
+under their shaggy brows, and looking out so still and dreamy, have we not
+noticed gleams of an ethereal or else a diabolic fire, and half fancied
+that their stillness was but the rest of infinite motion, the _sleep_ of a
+spinning-top?  Thy little figure, there as, in loose ill-brushed threadbare
+habiliments, thou sattest, amid litter and lumber, whole days, to "think
+and smoke tobacco," held in it a mighty heart.  The secrets of man's Life
+were laid open to thee; thou sawest into the mystery of the Universe,
+farther than another; thou hadst _in petto_ thy remarkable Volume on
+Clothes.  Nay, was there not in that clear logically founded
+Transcendentalism of thine; still more, in thy meek, silent, deep-seated
+Sansculottism, combined with a true princely Courtesy of inward nature, the
+visible rudiments of such speculation?  But great men are too often
+unknown, or what is worse, misknown.  Already, when we dreamed not of it,
+the warp of thy remarkable Volume lay on the loom; and silently, mysterious
+shuttles were putting in the woof.
+
+
+How the Hofrath Heuschrecke is to furnish biographical data, in this case,
+may be a curious question; the answer of which, however, is happily not our
+concern, but his.  To us it appeared, after repeated trial, that in
+Weissnichtwo, from the archives or memories of the best-informed classes,
+no Biography of Teufelsdrockh was to be gathered; not so much as a false
+one.  He was a stranger there, wafted thither by what is called the course
+of circumstances; concerning whose parentage, birthplace, prospects, or
+pursuits, curiosity had indeed made inquiries, but satisfied herself with
+the most indistinct replies.  For himself, he was a man so still and
+altogether unparticipating, that to question him even afar off on such
+particulars was a thing of more than usual delicacy:  besides, in his sly
+way, he had ever some quaint turn, not without its satirical edge,
+wherewith to divert such intrusions, and deter you from the like.  Wits
+spoke of him secretly as if he were a kind of Melchizedek, without father
+or mother of any kind; sometimes, with reference to his great historic and
+statistic knowledge, and the vivid way he had of expressing himself like an
+eye-witness of distant transactions and scenes, they called him the _Ewige
+Jude_, Everlasting, or as we say, Wandering Jew.
+
+To the most, indeed, he had become not so much a Man as a Thing; which
+Thing doubtless they were accustomed to see, and with satisfaction; but no
+more thought of accounting for than for the fabrication of their daily
+_Allgemeine Zeitung_, or the domestic habits of the Sun.  Both were there
+and welcome; the world enjoyed what good was in them, and thought no more
+of the matter.  The man Teufelsdrockh passed and repassed, in his little
+circle, as one of those originals and nondescripts, more frequent in German
+Universities than elsewhere; of whom, though you see them alive, and feel
+certain enough that they must have a History, no History seems to be
+discoverable; or only such as men give of mountain rocks and antediluvian
+ruins:  That they have been created by unknown agencies, are in a state of
+gradual decay, and for the present reflect light and resist pressure; that
+is, are visible and tangible objects in this phantasm world, where so much
+other mystery is.
+
+It was to be remarked that though, by title and diploma, _Professor der
+Allerley-Wissenschaft_, or as we should say in English, "Professor of
+Things in General," he had never delivered any Course; perhaps never been
+incited thereto by any public furtherance or requisition.  To all
+appearance, the enlightened Government of Weissnichtwo, in founding their
+New University, imagined they had done enough, if "in times like ours," as
+the half-official Program expressed it, "when all things are, rapidly or
+slowly, resolving themselves into Chaos, a Professorship of this kind had
+been established; whereby, as occasion called, the task of bodying somewhat
+forth again from such Chaos might be, even slightly, facilitated."  That
+actual Lectures should be held, and Public Classes for the "Science of
+Things in General," they doubtless considered premature; on which ground
+too they had only established the Professorship, nowise endowed it; so that
+Teufelsdrockh, "recommended by the highest Names," had been promoted
+thereby to a Name merely.
+
+Great, among the more enlightened classes, was the admiration of this new
+Professorship:  how an enlightened Government had seen into the Want of the
+Age (_Zeitbedurfniss_); how at length, instead of Denial and Destruction,
+we were to have a science of Affirmation and Reconstruction; and Germany
+and Weissnichtwo were where they should be, in the vanguard of the world.
+Considerable also was the wonder at the new Professor, dropt opportunely
+enough into the nascent University; so able to lecture, should occasion
+call; so ready to hold his peace for indefinite periods, should an
+enlightened Government consider that occasion did not call.  But such
+admiration and such wonder, being followed by no act to keep them living,
+could last only nine days; and, long before our visit to that scene, had
+quite died away.  The more cunning heads thought it was all an expiring
+clutch at popularity, on the part of a Minister, whom domestic
+embarrassments, court intrigues, old age, and dropsy soon afterwards
+finally drove from the helm.
+
+As for Teufelsdrockh, except by his nightly appearances at the _Grune
+Gans_, Weissnichtwo saw little of him, felt little of him.  Here, over his
+tumbler of Gukguk, he sat reading Journals; sometimes contemplatively
+looking into the clouds of his tobacco-pipe, without other visible
+employment:  always, from his mild ways, an agreeable phenomenon there;
+more especially when he opened his lips for speech; on which occasions the
+whole Coffee-house would hush itself into silence, as if sure to hear
+something noteworthy.  Nay, perhaps to hear a whole series and river of the
+most memorable utterances; such as, when once thawed, he would for hours
+indulge in, with fit audience:  and the more memorable, as issuing from a
+head apparently not more interested in them, not more conscious of them,
+than is the sculptured stone head of some public fountain, which through
+its brass mouth-tube emits water to the worthy and the unworthy; careless
+whether it be for cooking victuals or quenching conflagrations; indeed,
+maintains the same earnest assiduous look, whether any water be flowing or
+not.
+
+To the Editor of these sheets, as to a young enthusiastic Englishman,
+however unworthy, Teufelsdrockh opened himself perhaps more than to the
+most. Pity only that we could not then half guess his importance, and
+scrutinize him with due power of vision!  We enjoyed, what not three men
+Weissnichtwo could boast of, a certain degree of access to the Professor's
+private domicile.  It was the attic floor of the highest house in the
+Wahngasse; and might truly be called the pinnacle of Weissnichtwo, for it
+rose sheer up above the contiguous roofs, themselves rising from elevated
+ground.  Moreover, with its windows it looked towards all the four _Orte_
+or as the Scotch say, and we ought to say, _Airts_:  the sitting room
+itself commanded three; another came to view in the _Schlafgemach_
+(bedroom) at the opposite end; to say nothing of the kitchen, which offered
+two, as it were, _duplicates_, showing nothing new.  So that it was in fact
+the speculum or watch-tower of Teufelsdrockh; wherefrom, sitting at ease he
+might see the whole life-circulation of that considerable City; the streets
+and lanes of which, with all their doing and driving (_Thun und Treiben_),
+were for the most part visible there.
+
+"I look down into all that wasp-nest or bee-hive," we have heard him say,
+"and witness their wax-laying and honey-making, and poison-brewing, and
+choking by sulphur.  From the Palace esplanade, where music plays while
+Serene Highness is pleased to eat his victuals, down to the low lane, where
+in her door-sill the aged widow, knitting for a thin livelihood sits to
+feel the afternoon sun, I see it all; for, except Schlosskirche
+weather-cock, no biped stands so high.  Couriers arrive bestrapped and
+bebooted, bearing Joy and Sorrow bagged up in pouches of leather:  there,
+top-laden, and with four swift horses, rolls in the country Baron and his
+household; here, on timber-leg, the lamed Soldier hops painfully along,
+begging alms:  a thousand carriages, and wains, cars, come tumbling in with
+Food, with young Rusticity, and other Raw Produce, inanimate or animate,
+and go tumbling out again with produce manufactured.  That living flood,
+pouring through these streets, of all qualities and ages, knowest thou
+whence it is coming, whither it is going?  _Aus der Ewigkeit, zu der
+Ewigkeit hin_:  From Eternity, onwards to Eternity!  These are Apparitions:
+what else?  Are they not Souls rendered visible:  in Bodies, that took
+shape and will lose it, melting into air?  Their solid Pavement is a
+Picture of the Sense; they walk on the bosom of Nothing, blank Time is
+behind them and before them.  Or fanciest thou, the red and yellow
+Clothes-screen yonder, with spurs on its heels and feather in its crown, is
+but of To-day, without a Yesterday or a To-morrow; and had not rather its
+Ancestor alive when Hengst and Horsa overran thy Island?  Friend, thou
+seest here a living link in that Tissue of History, which inweaves all
+Being:  watch well, or it will be past thee, and seen no more."
+
+"_Ach, mein Lieber_!" said he once, at midnight, when we had returned from
+the Coffee-house in rather earnest talk, "it is a true sublimity to dwell
+here.  These fringes of lamplight, struggling up through smoke and
+thousand-fold exhalation, some fathoms into the ancient reign of Night,
+what thinks Bootes of them, as he leads his Hunting-Dogs over the Zenith in
+their leash of sidereal fire?  That stifled hum of Midnight, when Traffic
+has lain down to rest; and the chariot-wheels of Vanity, still rolling here
+and there through distant streets, are bearing her to Halls roofed in, and
+lighted to the due pitch for her; and only Vice and Misery, to prowl or to
+moan like nightbirds, are abroad:  that hum, I say, like the stertorous,
+unquiet slumber of sick Life, is heard in Heaven!  Oh, under that hideous
+coverlet of vapors, and putrefactions, and unimaginable gases, what a
+Fermenting-vat lies simmering and hid!  The joyful and the sorrowful are
+there; men are dying there, men are being born; men are praying,--on the
+other side of a brick partition, men are cursing; and around them all is
+the vast, void Night.  The proud Grandee still lingers in his perfumed
+saloons, or reposes within damask curtains; Wretchedness cowers into
+buckle-beds, or shivers hunger-stricken into its lair of straw:  in obscure
+cellars, _Rouge-et-Noir_ languidly emits its voice-of-destiny to haggard
+hungry Villains; while Councillors of State sit plotting, and playing their
+high chess-game, whereof the pawns are Men.  The Lover whispers his
+mistress that the coach is ready; and she, full of hope and fear, glides
+down, to fly with him over the borders:  the Thief, still more silently,
+sets to his picklocks and crowbars, or lurks in wait till the watchmen
+first snore in their boxes.  Gay mansions, with supper-rooms and
+dancing-rooms, are full of light and music and high-swelling hearts; but,
+in the Condemned Cells, the pulse of life beats tremulous and faint, and
+bloodshot eyes look out through the darkness, which is around and within,
+for the light of a stern last morning.  Six men are to be hanged on the
+morrow:  comes no hammering from the _Rabenstein_?--their gallows must even
+now be o' building.  Upwards of five hundred thousand two-legged animals
+without feathers lie round us, in horizontal position; their heads all in
+nightcaps, and full of the foolishest dreams.  Riot cries aloud, and
+staggers and swaggers in his rank dens of shame; and the Mother, with
+streaming hair, kneels over her pallid dying infant, whose cracked lips
+only her tears now moisten.-- All these heaped and huddled together, with
+nothing but a little carpentry and masonry between them;--crammed in, like
+salted fish in their barrel;--or weltering, shall I say, like an Egyptian
+pitcher of tamed vipers, each struggling to get its _head above_ the
+others:  _such_ work goes on under that smoke-counterpane!--But I, _mein
+Werther_, sit above it all; I am alone with the stars."
+
+We looked in his face to see whether, in the utterance of such
+extraordinary Night-thoughts, no feeling might be traced there; but with
+the light we had, which indeed was only a single tallow-light, and far
+enough from the window, nothing save that old calmness and fixedness was
+visible.
+
+These were the Professor's talking seasons:  most commonly he spoke in mere
+monosyllables, or sat altogether silent and smoked; while the visitor had
+liberty either to say what he listed, receiving for answer an occasional
+grunt; or to look round for a space, and then take himself away.  It was a
+strange apartment; full of books and tattered papers, and miscellaneous
+shreds of all conceivable substances, "united in a common element of dust."
+Books lay on tables, and below tables; here fluttered a sheet of
+manuscript, there a torn handkerchief, or nightcap hastily thrown aside;
+ink-bottles alternated with bread-crusts, coffee-pots, tobacco-boxes,
+Periodical Literature, and Blucher Boots.  Old Lieschen (Lisekin, 'Liza),
+who was his bed-maker and stove-lighter, his washer and wringer, cook,
+errand-maid, and general lion's-provider, and for the rest a very orderly
+creature, had no sovereign authority in this last citadel of Teufelsdrockh;
+only some once in the month she half-forcibly made her way thither, with
+broom and duster, and (Teufelsdrockh hastily saving his manuscripts)
+effected a partial clearance, a jail-delivery of such lumber as was not
+Literary.  These were her _Erdbeben_ (earthquakes), which Teufelsdrockh
+dreaded worse than the pestilence; nevertheless, to such length he had been
+forced to comply.  Glad would he have been to sit here philosophizing
+forever, or till the litter, by accumulation, drove him out of doors:  but
+Lieschen was his right-arm, and spoon, and necessary of life, and would not
+be flatly gainsayed.  We can still remember the ancient woman; so silent
+that some thought her dumb; deaf also you would often have supposed her;
+for Teufelsdrockh, and Teufelsdrockh only, would she serve or give heed to;
+and with him she seemed to communicate chiefly by signs; if it were not
+rather by some secret divination that she guessed all his wants, and
+supplied them.  Assiduous old dame!  she scoured, and sorted, and swept, in
+her kitchen, with the least possible violence to the ear; yet all was tight
+and right there:  hot and black came the coffee ever at the due moment; and
+the speechless Lieschen herself looked out on you, from under her clean
+white coif with its lappets, through her clean withered face and wrinkles,
+with a look of helpful intelligence, almost of benevolence.
+
+Few strangers, as above hinted, had admittance hither:  the only one we
+ever saw there, ourselves excepted, was the Hofrath Heuschrecke, already
+known, by name and expectation, to the readers of these pages.  To us, at
+that period, Herr Heuschrecke seemed one of those purse-mouthed,
+crane-necked, clean-brushed, pacific individuals, perhaps sufficiently
+distinguished in society by this fact, that, in dry weather or in wet,
+"they never appear without their umbrella."  Had we not known with what
+"little wisdom" the world is governed; and how, in Germany as elsewhere,
+the ninety-and-nine Public Men can for most part be but mute train-bearers
+to the hundredth, perhaps but stalking-horses and willing or unwilling
+dupes,-- it might have seemed wonderful how Herr Heuschrecke should be
+named a _Rath_, or Councillor, and Counsellor, even in Weissnichtwo.  What
+counsel to any man, or to any woman, could this particular Hofrath give; in
+whose loose, zigzag figure; in whose thin visage, as it went jerking to and
+fro, in minute incessant fluctuation,--you traced rather confusion worse
+confounded; at most, Timidity and physical Cold?  Some indeed said withal,
+he was "the very Spirit of Love embodied:"  blue earnest eyes, full of
+sadness and kindness; purse ever open, and so forth; the whole of which, we
+shall now hope, for many reasons, was not quite groundless.  Nevertheless
+friend Teufelsdrockh's outline, who indeed handled the burin like few in
+these cases, was probably the best:  _Er hat Gemuth und Geist, hat
+wenigstens gehabt, doch ohne Organ, ohne Schicksals-Gunst; ist gegenwartig
+aber halb-zerruttet, halb-erstarrt_, "He has heart and talent, at least has
+had such, yet without fit mode of utterance, or favor of Fortune; and so is
+now half-cracked, half-congealed."--What the Hofrath shall think of this
+when he sees it, readers may wonder; we, safe in the stronghold of
+Historical Fidelity, are careless.
+
+The main point, doubtless, for us all, is his love of Teufelsdrockh, which
+indeed was also by far the most decisive feature of Heuschrecke himself.
+We are enabled to assert that he hung on the Professor with the fondness of
+a Boswell for his Johnson.  And perhaps with the like return; for
+Teufelsdrockh treated his gaunt admirer with little outward regard, as some
+half-rational or altogether irrational friend, and at best loved him out of
+gratitude and by habit.  On the other hand, it was curious to observe with
+what reverent kindness, and a sort of fatherly protection, our Hofrath,
+being the elder, richer, and as he fondly imagined far more practically
+influential of the two, looked and tended on his little Sage, whom he
+seemed to consider as a living oracle.  Let but Teufelsdrockh open his
+mouth, Heuschrecke's also unpuckered itself into a free doorway, besides
+his being all eye and all ear, so that nothing might be lost:  and then, at
+every pause in the harangue, he gurgled out his pursy chuckle of a
+cough-laugh (for the machinery of laughter took some time to get in motion,
+and seemed crank and slack), or else his twanging nasal, _Bravo!  Das
+glaub' ich_; in either case, by way of heartiest approval.  In short, if
+Teufelsdrockh was Dalai-Lama, of which, except perhaps in his
+self-seclusion, and godlike indifference, there was no symptom, then might
+Heuschrecke pass for his chief Talapoin, to whom no dough-pill he could
+knead and publish was other than medicinal and sacred.
+
+In such environment, social, domestic, physical, did Teufelsdrockh, at the
+time of our acquaintance, and most likely does he still, live and meditate.
+Here, perched up in his high Wahngasse watch-tower, and often, in solitude,
+outwatching the Bear, it was that the indomitable Inquirer fought all his
+battles with Dulness and Darkness; here, in all probability, that he wrote
+this surprising Volume on _Clothes_.  Additional particulars:  of his age,
+which was of that standing middle sort you could only guess at; of his wide
+surtout; the color of his trousers, fashion of his broad-brimmed
+steeple-hat, and so forth, we might report, but do not.  The Wisest truly
+is, in these times, the Greatest; so that an enlightened curiosity leaving
+Kings and such like to rest very much on their own basis, turns more and
+more to the Philosophic Class:  nevertheless, what reader expects that,
+with all our writing and reporting, Teufelsdrockh could be brought home to
+him, till once the Documents arrive?  His Life, Fortunes, and Bodily
+Presence, are as yet hidden from us, or matter only of faint conjecture.
+But, on the other hand, does not his Soul lie enclosed in this remarkable
+Volume, much more truly than Pedro Garcia's did in the buried Bag of
+Doubloons?  To the soul of Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, to his opinions, namely,
+on the "Origin and Influence of Clothes," we for the present gladly return.
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+CHARACTERISTICS.
+
+It were a piece of vain flattery to pretend that this Work on Clothes
+entirely contents us; that it is not, like all works of genius, like the
+very Sun, which, though the highest published creation, or work of genius,
+has nevertheless black spots and troubled nebulosities amid its
+effulgence,--a mixture of insight, inspiration, with dulness,
+double-vision, and even utter blindness.
+
+Without committing ourselves to those enthusiastic praises and prophesyings
+of the _Weissnichtwo'sche Anzeiger_, we admitted that the Book had in a
+high degree excited us to self-activity, which is the best effect of any
+book; that it had even operated changes in our way of thought; nay, that it
+promised to prove, as it were, the opening of a new mine-shaft, wherein the
+whole world of Speculation might henceforth dig to unknown depths.  More
+specially may it now be declared that Professor Teufelsdrockh's
+acquirements, patience of research, philosophic and even poetic vigor, are
+here made indisputably manifest; and unhappily no less his prolixity and
+tortuosity and manifold ineptitude; that, on the whole, as in opening new
+mine-shafts is not unreasonable, there is much rubbish in his Book, though
+likewise specimens of almost invaluable ore.  A paramount popularity in
+England we cannot promise him.  Apart from the choice of such a topic as
+Clothes, too often the manner of treating it betokens in the Author a
+rusticity and academic seclusion, unblamable, indeed inevitable in a
+German, but fatal to his success with our public.
+
+Of good society Teufelsdrockh appears to have seen little, or has mostly
+forgotten what he saw.  He speaks out with a strange plainness; calls many
+things by their mere dictionary names.  To him the Upholsterer is no
+Pontiff, neither is any Drawing-room a Temple, were it never so begilt and
+overhung:  "a whole immensity of Brussels carpets, and pier-glasses, and
+ormolu," as he himself expresses it, "cannot hide from me that such
+Drawing-room is simply a section of Infinite Space, where so many
+God-created Souls do for the time meet together."  To Teufelsdrockh the
+highest Duchess is respectable, is venerable; but nowise for her pearl
+bracelets and Malines laces:  in his eyes, the star of a Lord is little
+less and little more than the broad button of Birmingham spelter in a
+Clown's smock; "each is an implement," he says, "in its kind; a tag for
+_hooking-together_; and, for the rest, was dug from the earth, and hammered
+on a stithy before smith's fingers."  Thus does the Professor look in men's
+faces with a strange impartiality, a strange scientific freedom; like a man
+unversed in the higher circles, like a man dropped thither from the Moon.
+Rightly considered, it is in this peculiarity, running through his whole
+system of thought, that all these shortcomings, over-shootings, and
+multiform perversities, take rise:  if indeed they have not a second
+source, also natural enough, in his Transcendental Philosophies, and humor
+of looking at all Matter and Material things as Spirit; whereby truly his
+case were but the more hopeless, the more lamentable.
+
+To the Thinkers of this nation, however, of which class it is firmly
+believed there are individuals yet extant, we can safely recommend the
+Work:  nay, who knows but among the fashionable ranks too, if it be true,
+as Teufelsdrockh maintains, that "within the most starched cravat there
+passes a windpipe and weasand, and under the thickliest embroidered
+waistcoat beats a heart,"--the force of that rapt earnestness may be felt,
+and here and there an arrow of the soul pierce through?  In our wild Seer,
+shaggy, unkempt, like a Baptist living on locusts and wild honey, there is
+an untutored energy, a silent, as it were unconscious, strength, which,
+except in the higher walks of Literature, must be rare.  Many a deep
+glance, and often with unspeakable precision, has he cast into mysterious
+Nature, and the still more mysterious Life of Man.  Wonderful it is with
+what cutting words, now and then, he severs asunder the confusion; sheers
+down, were it furlongs deep; into the true centre of the matter; and there
+not only hits the nail on the head, but with crushing force smites it home,
+and buries it.--On the other hand, let us be free to admit, he is the most
+unequal writer breathing.  Often after some such feat, he will play truant
+for long pages, and go dawdling and dreaming, and mumbling and maundering
+the merest commonplaces, as if he were asleep with eyes open, which indeed
+he is.
+
+Of his boundless Learning, and how all reading and literature in most known
+tongues, from _Sanchoniathon_ to _Dr. Lingard_, from your Oriental
+_Shasters_, and _Talmuds_, and _Korans_, with Cassini's _Siamese fables_,
+and Laplace's _Mecanique Celeste_, down to _Robinson Crusoe_ and the
+_Belfast Town and Country Almanack_, are familiar to him,--we shall say
+nothing:  for unexampled as it is with us, to the Germans such universality
+of study passes without wonder, as a thing commendable, indeed, but
+natural, indispensable, and there of course.  A man that devotes his life
+to learning, shall he not be learned?
+
+In respect of style our Author manifests the same genial capability, marred
+too often by the same rudeness, inequality, and apparent want of
+intercourse with the higher classes.  Occasionally, as above hinted, we
+find consummate vigor, a true inspiration; his burning thoughts step forth
+in fit burning words, like so many full-formed Minervas, issuing amid flame
+and splendor from Jove's head; a rich, idiomatic diction, picturesque
+allusions, fiery poetic emphasis, or quaint tricksy turns; all the graces
+and terrors of a wild Imagination, wedded to the clearest Intellect,
+alternate in beautiful vicissitude.  Were it not that sheer sleeping and
+soporific passages; circumlocutions, repetitions, touches even of pure
+doting jargon, so often intervene!  On the whole, Professor Teufelsdrockh,
+is not a cultivated writer.  Of his sentences perhaps not more than
+nine-tenths stand straight on their legs; the remainder are in quite
+angular attitudes, buttressed up by props (of parentheses and dashes), and
+ever with this or the other tagrag hanging from them; a few even sprawl out
+helplessly on all sides, quite broken-backed and dismembered.
+Nevertheless, in almost his very worst moods, there lies in him a singular
+attraction.  A wild tone pervades the whole utterance of the man, like its
+keynote and regulator; now screwing itself aloft as into the Song of
+Spirits, or else the shrill mockery of Fiends; now sinking in cadences, not
+without melodious heartiness, though sometimes abrupt enough, into the
+common pitch, when we hear it only as a monotonous hum; of which hum the
+true character is extremely difficult to fix.  Up to this hour we have
+never fully satisfied ourselves whether it is a tone and hum of real Humor,
+which we reckon among the very highest qualities of genius, or some echo of
+mere Insanity and Inanity, which doubtless ranks below the very lowest.
+
+Under a like difficulty, in spite even of our personal intercourse, do we
+still lie with regard to the Professor's moral feeling.  Gleams of an
+ethereal love burst forth from him, soft wailings of infinite pity; he
+could clasp the whole Universe into his bosom, and keep it warm; it seems
+as if under that rude exterior there dwelt a very seraph.  Then again he is
+so sly and still, so imperturbably saturnine; shows such indifference,
+malign coolness towards all that men strive after; and ever with some
+half-visible wrinkle of a bitter sardonic humor, if indeed it be not mere
+stolid callousness,--that you look on him almost with a shudder, as on some
+incarnate Mephistopheles, to whom this great terrestrial and celestial
+Round, after all, were but some huge foolish Whirligig, where kings and
+beggars, and angels and demons, and stars and street-sweepings, were
+chaotically whirled, in which only children could take interest. His look,
+as we mentioned, is probably the gravest ever seen:  yet it is not of that
+cast-iron gravity frequent enough among our own Chancery suitors; but
+rather the gravity as of some silent, high-encircled mountain-pool, perhaps
+the crater of an extinct volcano; into whose black deeps you fear to gaze:
+those eyes, those lights that sparkle in it, may indeed be reflexes of the
+heavenly Stars, but perhaps also glances from the region of Nether Fire.
+
+Certainly a most involved, self-secluded, altogether enigmatic nature, this
+of Teufelsdrockh!  Here, however, we gladly recall to mind that once we saw
+him _laugh_; once only, perhaps it was the first and last time in his life;
+but then such a peal of laughter, enough to have awakened the Seven
+Sleepers!  It was of Jean Paul's doing:  some single billow in that vast
+World-Mahlstrom of Humor, with its heaven-kissing coruscations, which is
+now, alas, all congealed in the frost of death!  The large-bodied Poet and
+the small, both large enough in soul, sat talking miscellaneously together,
+the present Editor being privileged to listen; and now Paul, in his serious
+way, was giving one of those inimitable "Extra-Harangues;" and, as it
+chanced, On the Proposal for a _Cast-metal King_:  gradually a light
+kindled in our Professor's eyes and face, a beaming, mantling, loveliest
+light; through those murky features, a radiant ever-young Apollo looked;
+and he burst forth like the neighing of all Tattersall's,--tears streaming
+down his cheeks, pipe held aloft, foot clutched into the air,--loud,
+long-continuing, uncontrollable; a laugh not of the face and diaphragm
+only, but of the whole man from head to heel.  The present Editor, who
+laughed indeed, yet with measure, began to fear all was not right:
+however, Teufelsdrockh, composed himself, and sank into his old stillness;
+on his inscrutable countenance there was, if anything, a slight look of
+shame; and Richter himself could not rouse him again.  Readers who have any
+tincture of Psychology know how much is to be inferred from this; and that
+no man who has once heartily and wholly laughed can be altogether
+irreclaimably bad.  How much lies in Laughter:  the cipher-key, wherewith
+we decipher the whole man!  Some men wear an everlasting barren simper; in
+the smile of others lies a cold glitter as of ice:  the fewest are able to
+laugh, what can be called laughing, but only sniff and titter and snigger
+from the throat outwards; or at best, produce some whiffling husky
+cachinnation, as if they were laughing through wool:  of none such comes
+good.  The man who cannot laugh is not only fit for treasons, stratagems,
+and spoils; but his whole life is already a treason and a stratagem.
+
+Considered as an Author, Herr Teufelsdrockh has one scarcely pardonable
+fault, doubtless his worst:  an almost total want of arrangement.  In this
+remarkable Volume, it is true, his adherence to the mere course of Time
+produces, through the Narrative portions, a certain show of outward method;
+but of true logical method and sequence there is too little.  Apart from
+its multifarious sections and subdivisions, the Work naturally falls into
+two Parts; a Historical-Descriptive, and a Philosophical-Speculative:  but
+falls, unhappily, by no firm line of demarcation; in that labyrinthic
+combination, each Part overlaps, and indents, and indeed runs quite through
+the other.  Many sections are of a debatable rubric, or even quite
+nondescript and unnamable; whereby the Book not only loses in
+accessibility, but too often distresses us like some mad banquet, wherein
+all courses had been confounded, and fish and flesh, soup and solid,
+oyster-sauce, lettuces, Rhine-wine and French mustard, were hurled into one
+huge tureen or trough, and the hungry Public invited to help itself.  To
+bring what order we can out of this Chaos shall be part of our endeavor.
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+THE WORLD IN CLOTHES.
+
+"As Montesquieu wrote a _Spirit of Laws_," observes our Professor, "so
+could I write a _Spirit of Clothes_; thus, with an _Esprit des Lois_,
+properly an _Esprit de Coutumes_, we should have an _Esprit de Costumes_.
+For neither in tailoring nor in legislating does man proceed by mere
+Accident, but the hand is ever guided on by mysterious operations of the
+mind.  In all his Modes, and habilatory endeavors, an Architectural Idea
+will be found lurking; his Body and the Cloth are the site and materials
+whereon and whereby his beautified edifice, of a Person, is to be built.
+Whether he flow gracefully out in folded mantles, based on light sandals;
+tower up in high headgear, from amid peaks, spangles and bell-girdles;
+swell out in starched ruffs, buckram stuffings, and monstrous tuberosities;
+or girth himself into separate sections, and front the world an
+Agglomeration of four limbs,--will depend on the nature of such
+Architectural Idea:  whether Grecian, Gothic, Later Gothic, or altogether
+Modern, and Parisian or Anglo-Dandiacal.  Again, what meaning lies in
+Color!  From the soberest drab to the high-flaming scarlet, spiritual
+idiosyncrasies unfold themselves in choice of Color:  if the Cut betoken
+Intellect and Talent, so does the Color betoken Temper and Heart.  In all
+which, among nations as among individuals, there is an incessant,
+indubitable, though infinitely complex working of Cause and Effect:  every
+snip of the Scissors has been regulated and prescribed by ever-active
+Influences, which doubtless to Intelligences of a superior order are
+neither invisible nor illegible.
+
+"For such superior Intelligences a Cause-and-Effect Philosophy of Clothes,
+as of Laws, were probably a comfortable winter-evening entertainment:
+nevertheless, for inferior Intelligences, like men, such Philosophies have
+always seemed to me uninstructive enough.  Nay, what is your Montesquieu
+himself but a clever infant spelling Letters from a hieroglyphical
+prophetic Book, the lexicon of which lies in Eternity, in Heaven?--Let any
+Cause-and-Effect Philosopher explain, not why I wear such and such a
+Garment, obey such and such a Law; but even why I am _here_, to wear and
+obey anything!-- Much, therefore, if not the whole, of that same _Spirit of
+Clothes_ I shall suppress, as hypothetical, ineffectual, and even
+impertinent:  naked Facts, and Deductions drawn therefrom in quite another
+than that omniscient style, are my humbler and proper province."
+
+Acting on which prudent restriction, Teufelsdrockh, has nevertheless
+contrived to take in a well-nigh boundless extent of field; at least, the
+boundaries too often lie quite beyond our horizon.  Selection being
+indispensable, we shall here glance over his First Part only in the most
+cursory manner.  This First Part is, no doubt, distinguished by omnivorous
+learning, and utmost patience and fairness:  at the same time, in its
+results and delineations, it is much more likely to interest the Compilers
+of some _Library_ of General, Entertaining, Useful, or even Useless
+Knowledge than the miscellaneous readers of these pages.  Was it this Part
+of the Book which Heuschrecke had in view, when he recommended us to that
+joint-stock vehicle of publication, "at present the glory of British
+Literature"?  If so, the Library Editors are welcome to dig in it for their
+own behoof.
+
+To the First Chapter, which turns on Paradise and Fig-leaves, and leads us
+into interminable disquisitions of a mythological, metaphorical,
+cabalistico-sartorial and quite antediluvian cast, we shall content
+ourselves with giving an unconcerned approval.  Still less have we to do
+with "Lilis, Adam's first wife, whom, according to the Talmudists, he had
+before Eve, and who bore him, in that wedlock, the whole progeny of aerial,
+aquatic, and terrestrial Devils,"--very needlessly, we think.  On this
+portion of the Work, with its profound glances into the _Adam-Kadmon_, or
+Primeval Element, here strangely brought into relation with the _Nifl_ and
+_Muspel_ (Darkness and Light) of the antique North, it may be enough to
+say, that its correctness of deduction, and depth of Talmudic and
+Rabbinical lore have filled perhaps not the worst Hebraist in Britain with
+something like astonishment.
+
+But, quitting this twilight region, Teufelsdrockh hastens from the Tower of
+Babel, to follow the dispersion of Mankind over the whole habitable and
+habilable globe.  Walking by the light of Oriental, Pelasgic, Scandinavian,
+Egyptian, Otaheitean, Ancient and Modern researches of every conceivable
+kind, he strives to give us in compressed shape (as the Nurnbergers give an
+_Orbis Pictus_) an _Orbis Vestitus_; or view of the costumes of all
+mankind, in all countries, in all times.  It is here that to the
+Antiquarian, to the Historian, we can triumphantly say:  Fall to!  Here is
+learning:  an irregular Treasury, if you will; but inexhaustible as the
+Hoard of King Nibelung, which twelve wagons in twelve days, at the rate of
+three journeys a day, could not carry off.  Sheepskin cloaks and wampum
+belts; phylacteries, stoles, albs; chlamydes, togas, Chinese silks, Afghaun
+shawls, trunk-hose, leather breeches, Celtic hilibegs (though breeches, as
+the name _Gallia Braccata_ indicates, are the more ancient), Hussar cloaks,
+Vandyke tippets, ruffs, fardingales, are brought vividly before us,--even
+the Kilmarnock nightcap is not forgotten.  For most part, too, we must
+admit that the Learning, heterogeneous as it is, and tumbled down quite
+pell-mell, is true concentrated and purified Learning, the drossy parts
+smelted out and thrown aside.
+
+Philosophical reflections intervene, and sometimes touching pictures of
+human life.  Of this sort the following has surprised us.  The first
+purpose of Clothes, as our Professor imagines, was not warmth or decency,
+but ornament.  "Miserable indeed," says he, "was the condition of the
+Aboriginal Savage, glaring fiercely from under his fleece of hair, which
+with the beard reached down to his loins, and hung round him like a matted
+cloak; the rest of his body sheeted in its thick natural fell.  He loitered
+in the sunny glades of the forest, living on wild-fruits; or, as the
+ancient Caledonian, squatted himself in morasses, lurking for his bestial
+or human prey; without implements, without arms, save the ball of heavy
+Flint, to which, that his sole possession and defence might not be lost, he
+had attached a long cord of plaited thongs; thereby recovering as well as
+hurling it with deadly unerring skill.  Nevertheless, the pains of Hunger
+and Revenge once satisfied, his next care was not Comfort but Decoration
+(_Putz_).  Warmth he found in the toils of the chase; or amid dried leaves,
+in his hollow tree, in his bark shed, or natural grotto:  but for
+Decoration he must have Clothes.  Nay, among wild people, we find tattooing
+and painting even prior to Clothes.  The first spiritual want of a
+barbarous man is Decoration, as indeed we still see among the barbarous
+classes in civilized countries.
+
+"Reader, the heaven-inspired melodious Singer; loftiest Serene Highness;
+nay thy own amber-locked, snow-and-rosebloom Maiden, worthy to glide
+sylph-like almost on air, whom thou lovest, worshippest as a divine
+Presence, which, indeed, symbolically taken, she is,--has descended, like
+thyself, from that same hair-mantled, flint-hurling Aboriginal
+Anthropophagus!  Out of the eater cometh forth meat; out of the strong
+cometh forth sweetness.  What changes are wrought, not by Time, yet in
+Time!  For not Mankind only, but all that Mankind does or beholds, is in
+continual growth, re-genesis and self-perfecting vitality.  Cast forth thy
+Act, thy Word, into the ever-living, ever-working Universe:  it is a
+seed-grain that cannot die; unnoticed to-day (says one), it will be found
+flourishing as a Banyan-grove (perhaps, alas, as a Hemlock-forest!) after a
+thousand years.
+
+"He who first shortened the labor of Copyists by device of _Movable Types_
+was disbanding hired Armies, and cashiering most Kings and Senates, and
+creating a whole new Democratic world:  he had invented the Art of
+Printing.  The first ground handful of Nitre, Sulphur, and Charcoal drove
+Monk Schwartz's pestle through the ceiling:  what will the last do?
+Achieve the final undisputed prostration of Force under Thought, of Animal
+courage under Spiritual.  A simple invention it was in the old-world
+Grazier,--sick of lugging his slow Ox about the country till he got it
+bartered for corn or oil,--to take a piece of Leather, and thereon scratch
+or stamp the mere Figure of an Ox (or _Pecus_); put it in his pocket, and
+call it _Pecunia_, Money.  Yet hereby did Barter grow Sale, the Leather
+Money is now Golden and Paper, and all miracles have been out-miracled:
+for there are Rothschilds and English National Debts; and whoso has
+sixpence is sovereign (to the length of sixpence) over all men; commands
+cooks to feed him, philosophers to teach him, kings to mount guard over
+him,--to the length of sixpence.--Clothes too, which began in foolishest
+love of Ornament, what have they not become!  Increased Security and
+pleasurable Heat soon followed:  but what of these?  Shame, divine Shame
+(_Schaam_, Modesty), as yet a stranger to the Anthropophagous bosom, arose
+there mysteriously under Clothes; a mystic grove-encircled shrine for the
+Holy in man.  Clothes gave us individuality, distinctions, social polity;
+Clothes have made Men of us; they are threatening to make Clothes-screens
+of us.
+
+"But, on the whole," continues our eloquent Professor, "Man is a Tool-using
+Animal (_Handthierendes Thier_).  Weak in himself, and of small stature, he
+stands on a basis, at most for the flattest-soled, of some half-square
+foot, insecurely enough; has to straddle out his legs, lest the very wind
+supplant him.  Feeblest of bipeds!  Three quintals are a crushing load for
+him; the steer of the meadow tosses him aloft, like a waste rag.
+Nevertheless he can use Tools; can devise Tools:  with these the granite
+mountain melts into light dust before him; he kneads glowing iron, as if it
+were soft paste; seas are his smooth highway, winds and fire his unwearying
+steeds.  Nowhere do you find him without Tools; without Tools he is
+nothing, with Tools he is all."
+
+Here may we not, for a moment, interrupt the stream of Oratory with a
+remark, that this Definition of the Tool-using Animal appears to us, of all
+that Animal-sort, considerably the precisest and best?  Man is called a
+Laughing Animal:  but do not the apes also laugh, or attempt to do it; and
+is the manliest man the greatest and oftenest laugher?  Teufelsdrockh
+himself, as we said, laughed only once.  Still less do we make of that
+other French Definition of the Cooking Animal; which, indeed, for rigorous
+scientific purposes, is as good as useless.  Can a Tartar be said to cook,
+when he only readies his steak by riding on it?  Again, what Cookery does
+the Greenlander use, beyond stowing up his whale-blubber, as a marmot, in
+the like case, might do?  Or how would Monsieur Ude prosper among those
+Orinoco Indians who, according to Humboldt, lodge in crow-nests, on the
+branches of trees; and, for half the year, have no victuals but pipe-clay,
+the whole country being under water?  But, on the other hand, show us the
+human being, of any period or climate, without his Tools:  those very
+Caledonians, as we saw, had their Flint-ball, and Thong to it, such as no
+brute has or can have.
+
+"Man is a Tool-using Animal," concludes Teufelsdrockh, in his abrupt way;
+"of which truth Clothes are but one example:  and surely if we consider the
+interval between the first wooden Dibble fashioned by man, and those
+Liverpool Steam-carriages, or the British House of Commons, we shall note
+what progress he has made.  He digs up certain black stones from the bosom
+of the earth, and says to them, _Transport me and this luggage at the rate
+of file-and-thirty miles an hour_; and they do it:  he collects, apparently
+by lot, six hundred and fifty-eight miscellaneous individuals, and says to
+them, _Make this nation toil for us, bleed for us, hunger and, sorrow and
+sin for us_; and they do it."
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+APRONS.
+
+One of the most unsatisfactory Sections in the whole Volume is that on
+_Aprons_.  What though stout old Gao, the Persian Blacksmith, "whose Apron,
+now indeed hidden under jewels, because raised in revolt which proved
+successful, is still the royal standard of that country;" what though John
+Knox's Daughter, "who threatened Sovereign Majesty that she would catch her
+husband's head in her Apron, rather than he should lie and be a bishop;"
+what though the Landgravine Elizabeth, with many other Apron
+worthies,--figure here?  An idle wire-drawing spirit, sometimes even a tone
+of levity, approaching to conventional satire, is too clearly discernible.
+What, for example, are we to make of such sentences as the following?
+
+"Aprons are Defences; against injury to cleanliness, to safety, to modesty,
+sometimes to roguery.  From the thin slip of notched silk (as it were, the
+emblem and beatified ghost of an Apron), which some highest-bred housewife,
+sitting at Nurnberg Work-boxes and Toy-boxes, has gracefully fastened on;
+to the thick-tanned hide, girt round him with thongs, wherein the Builder
+builds, and at evening sticks his trowel; or to those jingling sheet-iron
+Aprons, wherein your otherwise half-naked Vulcans hammer and smelt in their
+smelt-furnace,--is there not range enough in the fashion and uses of this
+Vestment?  How much has been concealed, how much has been defended in
+Aprons!  Nay, rightly considered, what is your whole Military and Police
+Establishment, charged at uncalculated millions, but a huge
+scarlet-colored, iron-fastened Apron, wherein Society works (uneasily
+enough); guarding itself from some soil and stithy-sparks, in this
+Devil's-smithy (_Teufels-schmiede_) of a world?  But of all Aprons the most
+puzzling to me hitherto has been the Episcopal or Cassock.  Wherein
+consists the usefulness of this Apron?  The Overseer (_Episcopus_) of
+Souls, I notice, has tucked in the corner of it, as if his day's work were
+done:  what does he shadow forth thereby?" &c. &c.
+
+Or again, has it often been the lot of our readers to read such stuff as we
+shall now quote?
+
+"I consider those printed Paper Aprons, worn by the Parisian Cooks, as a
+new vent, though a slight one, for Typography; therefore as an
+encouragement to modern Literature, and deserving of approval:  nor is it
+without satisfaction that I hear of a celebrated London Firm having in view
+to introduce the same fashion, with important extensions, in England."--We
+who are on the spot hear of no such thing; and indeed have reason to be
+thankful that hitherto there are other vents for our Literature, exuberant
+as it is.--Teufelsdrockh continues:  "If such supply of printed Paper
+should rise so far as to choke up the highways and public thoroughfares,
+new means must of necessity be had recourse to.  In a world existing by
+Industry, we grudge to employ fire as a destroying element, and not as a
+creating one.  However, Heaven is omnipotent, and will find us an outlet.
+In the mean while, is it not beautiful to see five million quintals of Rags
+picked annually from the Laystall; and annually, after being macerated,
+hot-pressed, printed on, and sold,--returned thither; filling so many
+hungry mouths by the way?  Thus is the Laystall, especially with its Rags
+or Clothes-rubbish, the grand Electric Battery, and Fountain-of-motion,
+from which and to which the Social Activities (like vitreous and resinous
+Electricities) circulate, in larger or smaller circles, through the mighty,
+billowy, storm-tost chaos of Life, which they keep alive!"--Such passages
+fill us, who love the man, and partly esteem him, with a very mixed
+feeling.
+
+Farther down we meet with this:  "The Journalists are now the true Kings
+and Clergy:  henceforth Historians, unless they are fools, must write not
+of Bourbon Dynasties, and Tudors and Hapsburgs; but of Stamped Broad-sheet
+Dynasties, and quite new successive Names, according as this or the other
+Able Editor, or Combination of Able Editors, gains the world's ear.  Of the
+British Newspaper Press, perhaps the most important of all, and wonderful
+enough in its secret constitution and procedure, a valuable descriptive
+History already exists, in that language, under the title of _Satan's
+Invisible World Displayed_; which, however, by search in all the
+Weissnichtwo Libraries, I have not yet succeeded in procuring (_vermochte
+night aufzutreiben_)."
+
+Thus does the good Homer not only nod, but snore.  Thus does Teufelsdrockh,
+wandering in regions where he had little business, confound the old
+authentic Presbyterian Witchfinder with a new, spurious, imaginary
+Historian of the _Brittische Journalistik_; and so stumble on perhaps the
+most egregious blunder in Modern Literature!
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+MISCELLANEOUS-HISTORICAL.
+
+Happier is our Professor, and more purely scientific and historic, when he
+reaches the Middle Ages in Europe, and down to the end of the Seventeenth
+Century; the true era of extravagance in Costume.  It is here that the
+Antiquary and Student of Modes comes upon his richest harvest. Fantastic
+garbs, beggaring all fancy of a Teniers or a Callot, succeed each other,
+like monster devouring monster in a Dream.  The whole too in brief
+authentic strokes, and touched not seldom with that breath of genius which
+makes even old raiment live.  Indeed, so learned, precise, graphical, and
+every way interesting have we found these Chapters, that it may be thrown
+out as a pertinent question for parties concerned, Whether or not a good
+English Translation thereof might henceforth be profitably incorporated
+with Mr. Merrick's valuable Work _On Ancient Armor_?  Take, by way of
+example, the following sketch; as authority for which Paulinus's
+_Zeitkurzende Lust_ (ii. 678) is, with seeming confidence, referred to:
+
+"Did we behold the German fashionable dress of the Fifteenth Century, we
+might smile; as perhaps those bygone Germans, were they to rise again, and
+see our haberdashery, would cross themselves, and invoke the Virgin.  But
+happily no bygone German, or man, rises again; thus the Present is not
+needlessly trammelled with the Past; and only grows out of it, like a Tree,
+whose roots are not intertangled with its branches, but lie peaceably
+underground.  Nay it is very mournful, yet not useless, to see and know,
+how the Greatest and Dearest, in a short while, would find his place quite
+filled up here, and no room for him; the very Napoleon, the very Byron, in
+some seven years, has become obsolete, and were now a foreigner to his
+Europe.  Thus is the Law of Progress secured; and in Clothes, as in all
+other external things whatsoever, no fashion will continue.
+
+"Of the military classes in those old times, whose buff-belts, complicated
+chains and gorgets, huge churn-boots, and other riding and fighting gear
+have been bepainted in modern Romance, till the whole has acquired somewhat
+of a sign-post character,--I shall here say nothing:  the civil and pacific
+classes, less touched upon, are wonderful enough for us.
+
+"Rich men, I find, have _Teusinke_ [a perhaps untranslatable article]; also
+a silver girdle, whereat hang little bells; so that when a man walks, it is
+with continual jingling.  Some few, of musical turn, have a whole chime of
+bells (_Glockenspiel_) fastened there; which, especially in sudden whirls,
+and the other accidents of walking, has a grateful effect.  Observe too how
+fond they are of peaks, and Gothic-arch intersections.  The male world
+wears peaked caps, an ell long, which hang bobbing over the side
+(_schief_):  their shoes are peaked in front, also to the length of an ell,
+and laced on the side with tags; even the wooden shoes have their ell-long
+noses:  some also clap bells on the peak.  Further, according to my
+authority, the men have breeches without seat (_ohne Gesass_):  these they
+fasten peakwise to their shirts; and the long round doublet must overlap
+them.
+
+"Rich maidens, again, flit abroad in gowns scolloped out behind and before,
+so that back and breast are almost bare.  Wives of quality, on the other
+hand, have train-gowns four or five ells in length; which trains there are
+boys to carry.  Brave Cleopatras, sailing in their silk-cloth Galley, with
+a Cupid for steersman!  Consider their welts, a handbreadth thick, which
+waver round them by way of hem; the long flood of silver buttons, or rather
+silver shells, from throat to shoe, wherewith these same welt-gowns are
+buttoned.  The maidens have bound silver snoods about their hair, with gold
+spangles, and pendent flames (_Flammen_), that is, sparkling hair-drops:
+but of their mother's head-gear who shall speak?  Neither in love of grace
+is comfort forgotten.  In winter weather you behold the whole fair creation
+(that can afford it) in long mantles, with skirts wide below, and, for hem,
+not one but two sufficient hand-broad welts; all ending atop in a thick
+well-starched Ruff, some twenty inches broad:  these are their Ruff-mantles
+(_Kragenmantel_).
+
+"As yet among the womankind hoop-petticoats are not; but the men have
+doublets of fustian, under which lie multiple ruffs of cloth, pasted
+together with batter (_mit Teig zusammengekleistert_), which create
+protuberance enough.  Thus do the two sexes vie with each other in the art
+of Decoration; and as usual the stronger carries it."
+
+Our Professor, whether he have humor himself or not, manifests a certain
+feeling of the Ludicrous, a sly observance of it which, could emotion of
+any kind be confidently predicated of so still a man, we might call a real
+love.  None of those bell-girdles, bushel-breeches, counted shoes, or other
+the like phenomena, of which the History of Dress offers so many, escape
+him:  more especially the mischances, or striking adventures, incident to
+the wearers of such, are noticed with due fidelity.  Sir Walter Raleigh's
+fine mantle, which he spread in the mud under Queen Elizabeth's feet,
+appears to provoke little enthusiasm in him; he merely asks, Whether at
+that period the Maiden Queen "was red-painted on the nose, and
+white-painted on the cheeks, as her tire-women, when from spleen and
+wrinkles she would no longer look in any glass, were wont to serve her"?
+We can answer that Sir Walter knew well what he was doing, and had the
+Maiden Queen been stuffed parchment dyed in verdigris, would have done the
+same.
+
+Thus too, treating of those enormous habiliments, that were not only
+slashed and gallooned, but artificially swollen out on the broader parts of
+the body, by introduction of Bran,--our Professor fails not to comment on
+that luckless Courtier, who having seated himself on a chair with some
+projecting nail on it, and therefrom rising, to pay his _devoir_ on the
+entrance of Majesty, instantaneously emitted several pecks of dry
+wheat-dust:  and stood there diminished to a spindle, his galloons and
+slashes dangling sorrowful and flabby round him.  Whereupon the Professor
+publishes this reflection:--
+
+"By what strange chances do we live in History?  Erostratus by a torch;
+Milo by a bullock; Henry Darnley, an unfledged booby and bustard, by his
+limbs; most Kings and Queens by being born under such and such a
+bed-tester; Boileau Despreaux (according to Helvetius) by the peck of a
+turkey; and this ill-starred individual by a rent in his breeches,--for no
+Memoirist of Kaiser Otto's Court omits him.  Vain was the prayer of
+Themistocles for a talent of Forgetting:  my Friends, yield cheerfully to
+Destiny, and read since it is written."--Has Teufelsdrockh, to be put in
+mind that, nearly related to the impossible talent of Forgetting, stands
+that talent of Silence, which even travelling Englishmen manifest?
+
+"The simplest costume," observes our Professor, "which I anywhere find
+alluded to in History, is that used as regimental, by Bolivar's Cavalry, in
+the late Colombian wars.  A square Blanket, twelve feet in diagonal, is
+provided (some were wont to cut off the corners, and make it circular):  in
+the centre a slit is effected eighteen inches long; through this the
+mother-naked Trooper introduces his head and neck; and so rides shielded
+from all weather, and in battle from many strokes (for he rolls it about
+his left arm); and not only dressed, but harnessed and draperied."
+
+With which picture of a State of Nature, affecting by its singularity, and
+Old-Roman contempt of the superfluous, we shall quit this part of our
+subject.
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+THE WORLD OUT OF CLOTHES.
+
+If in the Descriptive-Historical portion of this Volume, Teufelsdrockh,
+discussing merely the _Werden_ (Origin and successive Improvement) of
+Clothes, has astonished many a reader, much more will he in the
+Speculative-Philosophical portion, which treats of their _Wirken_, or
+Influences.  It is here that the present Editor first feels the pressure of
+his task; for here properly the higher and new Philosophy of Clothes
+commences:  all untried, almost inconceivable region, or chaos; in
+venturing upon which, how difficult, yet how unspeakably important is it to
+know what course, of survey and conquest, is the true one; where the
+footing is firm substance and will bear us, where it is hollow, or mere
+cloud, and may engulf us!  Teufelsdrockh undertakes no less than to expound
+the moral, political, even religious Influences of Clothes; he undertakes
+to make manifest, in its thousand-fold bearings, this grand Proposition,
+that Man's earthly interests "are all hooked and buttoned together, and
+held up, by Clothes."  He says in so many words, "Society is founded upon
+Cloth;" and again, "Society sails through the Infinitude on Cloth, as on a
+Faust's Mantle, or rather like the Sheet of clean and unclean beasts in the
+Apostle's Dream; and without such Sheet or Mantle, would sink to endless
+depths, or mount to inane limbos, and in either case be no more."
+
+By what chains, or indeed infinitely complected tissues, of Meditation this
+grand Theorem is here unfolded, and innumerable practical Corollaries are
+drawn therefrom, it were perhaps a mad ambition to attempt exhibiting.  Our
+Professor's method is not, in any case, that of common school Logic, where
+the truths all stand in a row, each holding by the skirts of the other; but
+at best that of practical Reason' proceeding by large Intuition over whole
+systematic groups and kingdoms; whereby, we might say, a noble complexity,
+almost like that of Nature, reigns in his Philosophy, or spiritual Picture
+of Nature:  a mighty maze, yet, as faith whispers, not without a plan.  Nay
+we complained above, that a certain ignoble complexity, what we must call
+mere confusion, was also discernible.  Often, also, we have to exclaim:
+Would to Heaven those same Biographical Documents were come!  For it seems
+as if the demonstration lay much in the Author's individuality; as if it
+were not Argument that had taught him, but Experience.  At present it is
+only in local glimpses, and by significant fragments, picked often at
+wide-enough intervals from the original Volume, and carefully collated,
+that we can hope to impart some outline or foreshadow of this Doctrine.
+Readers of any intelligence are once more invited to favor us with their
+most concentrated attention:  let these, after intense consideration, and
+not till then, pronounce, Whether on the utmost verge of our actual horizon
+there is not a looming as of Land; a promise of new Fortunate Islands,
+perhaps whole undiscovered Americas, for such as have canvas to sail
+thither?--As exordium to the whole, stand here the following long
+citation:--
+
+"With men of a speculative turn," writes Teufelsdrockh, "there come
+seasons, meditative, sweet, yet awful hours, when in wonder and fear you
+ask yourself that unanswerable question:  Who am I; the thing that can say
+'I' (_das Wesen das sich ICH nennt_)?  The world, with its loud
+trafficking, retires into the distance; and, through the paper-hangings,
+and stonewalls, and thick-plied tissues of Commerce and Polity, and all the
+living and lifeless integuments (of Society and a Body), wherewith your
+Existence sits surrounded,--the sight reaches forth into the void Deep, and
+you are alone with the Universe, and silently commune with it, as one
+mysterious Presence with another.
+
+"Who am I; what is this ME?  A Voice, a Motion, an Appearance;--some
+embodied, visualized Idea in the Eternal Mind?  _Cogito, ergo sum_.  Alas,
+poor Cogitator, this takes us but a little way.  Sure enough, I am; and
+lately was not:  but Whence?  How?  Whereto?  The answer lies around,
+written in all colors and motions, uttered in all tones of jubilee and
+wail, in thousand-figured, thousand-voiced, harmonious Nature:  but where
+is the cunning eye and ear to whom that God-written Apocalypse will yield
+articulate meaning?  We sit as in a boundless Phantasmagoria and
+Dream-grotto; boundless, for the faintest star, the remotest century, lies
+not even nearer the verge thereof:  sounds and many-colored visions flit
+round our sense; but Him, the Unslumbering, whose work both Dream and
+Dreamer are, we see not; except in rare half-waking moments, suspect not.
+Creation, says one, lies before us, like a glorious Rainbow; but the Sun
+that made it lies behind us, hidden from us.  Then, in that strange Dream,
+how we clutch at shadows as if they were substances; and sleep deepest
+while fancying ourselves most awake!  Which of your Philosophical Systems
+is other than a dream-theorem; a net quotient, confidently given out, where
+divisor and dividend are both unknown?  What are all your national Wars,
+with their Moscow Retreats, and sanguinary hate-filled Revolutions, but the
+Somnambulism of uneasy Sleepers?  This Dreaming, this Somnambulism is what
+we on Earth call Life; wherein the most indeed undoubtingly wander, as if
+they knew right hand from left; yet they only are wise who know that they
+know nothing.
+
+"Pity that all Metaphysics had hitherto proved so inexpressibly
+unproductive!  The secret of Man's Being is still like the Sphinx's secret:
+a riddle that he cannot rede; and for ignorance of which he suffers death,
+the worst death, a spiritual.  What are your Axioms, and Categories, and
+Systems, and Aphorisms?  Words, words.  High Air-castles are cunningly
+built of Words, the Words well bedded also in good Logic-mortar; wherein,
+however, no Knowledge will come to lodge.  _The whole is greater than the
+part_:  how exceedingly true!  _Nature abhors a vacuum_:  how exceedingly
+false and calumnious!  Again, _Nothing can act but where it is_:  with all
+my heart; only, WHERE is it?  Be not the slave of Words:  is not the
+Distant, the Dead, while I love it, and long for it, and mourn for it,
+Here, in the genuine sense, as truly as the floor I stand on?  But that
+same WHERE, with its brother WHEN, are from the first the master-colors of
+our Dream-grotto; say rather, the Canvas (the warp and woof thereof)
+whereon all our Dreams and Life-visions are painted.  Nevertheless, has not
+a deeper meditation taught certain of every climate and age, that the WHERE
+and WHEN, so mysteriously inseparable from all our thoughts, are but
+superficial terrestrial adhesions to thought; that the Seer may discern
+them where they mount up out of the celestial EVERYWHERE and FOREVER:  have
+not all nations conceived their God as Omnipresent and Eternal; as existing
+in a universal HERE, an everlasting Now?  Think well, thou too wilt find
+that Space is but a mode of our human Sense, so likewise Time; there _is_
+no Space and no Time:  WE are--we know not what;--light-sparkles floating
+in the ether of Deity!
+
+"So that this so solid-seeming World, after all, were but an air-image, our
+ME the only reality:  and Nature, with its thousand-fold production and
+destruction, but the reflex of our own inward Force, the 'phantasy of our
+Dream;' or what the Earth-Spirit in _Faust_ names it, _the living visible
+Garment of God_:--
+
+    "'In Being's floods, in Action's storm,
+    I walk and work, above, beneath,
+    Work and weave in endless motion!
+          Birth and Death,
+          An infinite ocean;
+          A seizing and giving
+          The fire of Living:
+    'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+    And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by.'
+
+Of twenty millions that have read and spouted this thunder-speech of the
+_Erdgeist_, are there yet twenty units of us that have learned the meaning
+thereof?
+
+"It was in some such mood, when wearied and fordone with these high
+speculations, that I first came upon the question of Clothes.  Strange
+enough, it strikes me, is this same fact of there being Tailors and
+Tailored.  The Horse I ride has his own whole fell:  strip him of the
+girths and flaps and extraneous tags I have fastened round him, and the
+noble creature is his own sempster and weaver and spinner; nay his own
+boot-maker, jeweller, and man-milliner; he bounds free through the valleys,
+with a perennial rain-proof court-suit on his body; wherein warmth and
+easiness of fit have reached perfection; nay, the graces also have been
+considered, and frills and fringes, with gay variety of color, featly
+appended, and ever in the right place, are not wanting.  While I--good
+Heaven!-- have thatched myself over with the dead fleeces of sheep, the
+bark of vegetables, the entrails of worms, the hides of oxen or seals, the
+felt of furred beasts; and walk abroad a moving Rag-screen, overheaped with
+shreds and tatters raked from the Charnel-house of Nature, where they would
+have rotted, to rot on me more slowly!  Day after day, I must thatch myself
+anew; day after day, this despicable thatch must lose some film of its
+thickness; some film of it, frayed away by tear and wear, must be brushed
+off into the Ashpit, into the Laystall; till by degrees the whole has been
+brushed thither, and I, the dust-making, patent Rat-grinder, get new
+material to grind down.  O subter-brutish! vile! most vile!  For have not I
+too a compact all-enclosing Skin, whiter or dingier?  Am I a botched mass
+of tailors' and cobblers' shreds, then; or a tightly articulated,
+homogeneous little Figure, automatic, nay alive?
+
+"Strange enough how creatures of the human-kind shut their eyes to plainest
+facts; and by the mere inertia of Oblivion and Stupidity, live at ease in
+the midst of Wonders and Terrors.  But indeed man is, and was always, a
+blockhead and dullard; much readier to feel and digest, than to think and
+consider.  Prejudice, which he pretends to hate, is his absolute lawgiver;
+mere use-and-wont everywhere leads him by the nose; thus let but a Rising
+of the Sun, let but a Creation of the World happen _twice_, and it ceases
+to be marvellous, to be noteworthy, or noticeable.  Perhaps not once in a
+lifetime does it occur to your ordinary biped, of any country or
+generation, be he gold-mantled Prince or russet-jerkined Peasant, that his
+Vestments and his Self are not one and indivisible; that _he_ is naked,
+without vestments, till he buy or steal such, and by forethought sew and
+button them.
+
+"For my own part, these considerations, of our Clothes-thatch, and how,
+reaching inwards even to our heart of hearts, it tailorizes and demoralizes
+us, fill me with a certain horror at myself and mankind; almost as one
+feels at those Dutch Cows, which, during the wet season, you see grazing
+deliberately with jackets and petticoats (of striped sacking), in the
+meadows of Gouda.  Nevertheless there is something great in the moment when
+a man first strips himself of adventitious wrappages; and sees indeed that
+he is naked, and, as Swift has it, 'a forked straddling animal with bandy
+legs;' yet also a Spirit, and unutterable Mystery of Mysteries."
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+ADAMITISM.
+
+Let no courteous reader take offence at the opinions broached in the
+conclusion of the last Chapter.  The Editor himself, on first glancing over
+that singular passage, was inclined to exclaim:  What, have we got not only
+a Sansculottist, but an enemy to Clothes in the abstract?  A new Adamite,
+in this century, which flatters itself that it is the Nineteenth, and
+destructive both to Superstition and Enthusiasm?
+
+Consider, thou foolish Teufelsdrockh, what benefits unspeakable all ages
+and sexes derive from Clothes.  For example, when thou thyself, a watery,
+pulpy, slobbery freshman and new-comer in this Planet, sattest muling and
+puking in thy nurse's arms; sucking thy coral, and looking forth into the
+world in the blankest manner, what hadst thou been without thy blankets,
+and bibs, and other nameless hulls?  A terror to thyself and mankind!  Or
+hast thou forgotten the day when thou first receivedst breeches, and thy
+long clothes became short?  The village where thou livedst was all apprised
+of the fact; and neighbor after neighbor kissed thy pudding-cheek, and gave
+thee, as handsel, silver or copper coins, on that the first gala-day of thy
+existence.  Again, wert not thou, at one period of life, a Buck, or Blood,
+or Macaroni, or Incroyable, or Dandy, or by whatever name, according to
+year and place, such phenomenon is distinguished?  In that one word lie
+included mysterious volumes.  Nay, now when the reign of folly is over, or
+altered, and thy clothes are not for triumph but for defence, hast thou
+always worn them perforce, and as a consequence of Man's Fall; never
+rejoiced in them as in a warm movable House, a Body round thy Body, wherein
+that strange THEE of thine sat snug, defying all variations of Climate?
+Girt with thick double-milled kerseys; half buried under shawls and
+broadbrims, and overalls and mudboots, thy very fingers cased in doeskin
+and mittens, thou hast bestrode that "Horse I ride;" and, though it were in
+wild winter, dashed through the world, glorying in it as if thou wert its
+lord.  In vain did the sleet beat round thy temples; it lighted only on thy
+impenetrable, felted or woven, case of wool.  In vain did the winds
+howl,--forests sounding and creaking, deep calling unto deep,--and the
+storms heap themselves together into one huge Arctic whirlpool:  thou
+flewest through the middle thereof, striking fire from the highway; wild
+music hummed in thy ears, thou too wert as a "sailor of the air;" the wreck
+of matter and the crash of worlds was thy element and propitiously wafting
+tide.  Without Clothes, without bit or saddle, what hadst thou been; what
+had thy fleet quadruped been?--Nature is good, but she is not the best:
+here truly was the victory of Art over Nature.  A thunderbolt indeed might
+have pierced thee; all short of this thou couldst defy.
+
+Or, cries the courteous reader, has your Teufelsdrockh forgotten what he
+said lately about "Aboriginal Savages," and their "condition miserable
+indeed"?  Would he have all this unsaid; and us betake ourselves again to
+the "matted cloak," and go sheeted in a "thick natural fell"?
+
+Nowise, courteous reader!  The Professor knows full well what he is saying;
+and both thou and we, in our haste, do him wrong.  If Clothes, in these
+times, "so tailorize and demoralize us," have they no redeeming value; can
+they not be altered to serve better; must they of necessity be thrown to
+the dogs?  The truth is, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is no
+Adamite; and much perhaps as he might wish to go forth before this
+degenerate age "as a Sign," would nowise wish to do it, as those old
+Adamites did, in a state of Nakedness.  The utility of Clothes is
+altogether apparent to him:  nay perhaps he has an insight into their more
+recondite, and almost mystic qualities, what we might call the omnipotent
+virtue of Clothes, such as was never before vouchsafed to any man.  For
+example:--
+
+"You see two individuals," he writes, "one dressed in fine Red, the other
+in coarse threadbare Blue:  Red says to Blue, 'Be hanged and anatomized;'
+Blue hears with a shudder, and (O wonder of wonders!) marches sorrowfully
+to the gallows; is there noosed up, vibrates his hour, and the surgeons
+dissect him, and fit his bones into a skeleton for medical purposes.  How
+is this; or what make ye of your _Nothing can act but where it is_?  Red
+has no physical hold of Blue, no _clutch_ of him, is nowise in _contact_
+with him:  neither are those ministering Sheriffs and Lord-Lieutenants and
+Hangmen and Tipstaves so related to commanding Red, that he can tug them
+hither and thither; but each stands distinct within his own skin.
+Nevertheless, as it is spoken, so is it done:  the articulated Word sets
+all hands in Action; and Rope and Improved-drop perform their work.
+
+"Thinking reader, the reason seems to me twofold:  First, that _Man is a
+Spirit_, and bound by invisible bonds to _All Men_; secondly, that _he
+wears Clothes_, which are the visible emblems of that fact.  Has not your
+Red hanging-individual a horsehair wig, squirrel-skins, and a plush-gown;
+whereby all mortals know that he is a JUDGE?--Society, which the more I
+think of it astonishes me the more, is founded upon Cloth.
+
+"Often in my atrabiliar moods, when I read of pompous ceremonials,
+Frankfort Coronations, Royal Drawing-rooms, Levees, Couchees; and how the
+ushers and macers and pursuivants are all in waiting; how Duke this is
+presented by Archduke that, and Colonel A by General B, and innumerable
+Bishops, Admirals, and miscellaneous Functionaries, are advancing gallantly
+to the Anointed Presence; and I strive, in my remote privacy, to form a
+clear picture of that solemnity,--on a sudden, as by some enchanter's wand,
+the--shall I speak it?--the Clothes fly off the whole dramatic corps; and
+Dukes, Grandees, Bishops, Generals, Anointed Presence itself, every
+mother's son of them, stand straddling there, not a shirt on them; and I
+know not whether to laugh or weep.  This physical or psychical infirmity,
+in which perhaps I am not singular, I have, after hesitation, thought right
+to publish, for the solace of those afflicted with the like."
+
+Would to Heaven, say we, thou hadst thought right to keep it secret!  Who
+is there now that can read the five columns of Presentations in his Morning
+Newspaper without a shudder?  Hypochondriac men, and all men are to a
+certain extent hypochondriac, should be more gently treated.  With what
+readiness our fancy, in this shattered state of the nerves, follows out the
+consequences which Teufelsdrockh, with a devilish coolness, goes on to
+draw:--
+
+"What would Majesty do, could such an accident befall in reality; should
+the buttons all simultaneously start, and the solid wool evaporate, in very
+Deed, as here in Dream?  _Ach Gott_!  How each skulks into the nearest
+hiding-place; their high State Tragedy (_Haupt- und Staats-Action_) becomes
+a Pickleherring-Farce to weep at, which is the worst kind of Farce; _the
+tables_ (according to Horace), and with them, the whole fabric of
+Government, Legislation, Property, Police, and Civilized Society, _are
+dissolved_, in wails and howls."
+
+Lives the man that can figure a naked Duke of Windlestraw addressing a
+naked House of Lords?  Imagination, choked as in mephitic air, recoils on
+itself, and will not forward with the picture.  The Woolsack, the
+Ministerial, the Opposition Benches--_infandum! infandum_!  And yet why is
+the thing impossible?  Was not every soul, or rather every body, of these
+Guardians of our Liberties, naked, or nearly so, last night; "a forked
+Radish with a head fantastically carved"?  And why might he not, did our
+stern fate so order it, walk out to St. Stephen's, as well as into bed, in
+that no-fashion; and there, with other similar Radishes, hold a Bed of
+Justice?  "Solace of those afflicted with the like!"  Unhappy
+Teufelsdrockh, had man ever such a "physical or psychical infirmity"
+before?  And now how many, perhaps, may thy unparalleled confession (which
+we, even to the sounder British world, and goaded on by Critical and
+Biographical duty, grudge to reimpart) incurably infect therewith!  Art
+thou the malignest of Sansculottists, or only the maddest?
+
+"It will remain to be examined," adds the inexorable Teufelsdrockh, "in how
+far the SCARECROW, as a Clothed Person, is not also entitled to benefit of
+clergy, and English trial by jury:  nay perhaps, considering his high
+function (for is not he too a Defender of Property, and Sovereign armed
+with the _terrors_ of the Law?), to a certain royal Immunity and
+Inviolability; which, however, misers and the meaner class of persons are
+not always voluntarily disposed to grant him."
+
+"O my Friends, we are [in Yorick Sterne's words] but as 'turkeys driven,
+with a stick and red clout, to the market:'  or if some drivers, as they do
+in Norfolk, take a dried bladder and put peas in it, the rattle thereof
+terrifies the boldest!"
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+PURE REASON.
+
+It must now be apparent enough that our Professor, as above hinted, is a
+speculative Radical, and of the very darkest tinge; acknowledging, for most
+part, in the solemnities and paraphernalia of civilized Life, which we make
+so much of, nothing but so many Cloth-rags, turkey-poles, and "bladders
+with dried peas."  To linger among such speculations, longer than mere
+Science requires, a discerning public can have no wish.  For our purposes
+the simple fact that such a _Naked World_ is possible, nay actually exists
+(under the Clothed one), will be sufficient.  Much, therefore, we omit
+about "Kings wrestling naked on the green with Carmen," and the Kings being
+thrown:  "dissect them with scalpels," says Teufelsdrockh; "the same
+viscera, tissues, livers, lights, and other life-tackle, are there:
+examine their spiritual mechanism; the same great Need, great Greed, and
+little Faculty; nay ten to one but the Carman, who understands
+draught-cattle, the rimming of wheels, something of the laws of unstable
+and stable equilibrium, with other branches of wagon-science, and has
+actually put forth his hand and operated on Nature, is the more cunningly
+gifted of the two.  Whence, then, their so unspeakable difference?  From
+Clothes."  Much also we shall omit about confusion of Ranks, and Joan and
+My Lady, and how it would be everywhere "Hail fellow well met," and Chaos
+were come again:  all which to any one that has once fairly pictured out
+the grand mother-idea, _Society in a state of Nakedness_, will
+spontaneously suggest itself.  Should some sceptical individual still
+entertain doubts whether in a world without Clothes, the smallest
+Politeness, Polity, or even Police, could exist, let him turn to the
+original Volume, and view there the boundless Serbonian Bog of
+Sansculottism, stretching sour and pestilential:  over which we have
+lightly flown; where not only whole armies but whole nations might sink!
+If indeed the following argument, in its brief riveting emphasis, be not of
+itself incontrovertible and final:--
+
+"Are we Opossums; have we natural Pouches, like the Kangaroo?  Or how,
+without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and true
+pineal gland of the Body Social:  I mean, a PURSE?"
+
+Nevertheless it is impossible to hate Professor Teufelsdrockh; at worst,
+one knows not whether to hate or to love him.  For though, in looking at
+the fair tapestry of human Life, with its royal and even sacred figures, he
+dwells not on the obverse alone, but here chiefly on the reverse; and
+indeed turns out the rough seams, tatters, and manifold thrums of that
+unsightly wrong-side, with an almost diabolic patience and indifference,
+which must have sunk him in the estimation of most readers, --there is that
+within which unspeakably distinguishes him from all other past and present
+Sansculottists.  The grand unparalleled peculiarity of Teufelsdrockh is,
+that with all this Descendentalism, he combines a Transcendentalism, no
+less superlative; whereby if on the one hand he degrade man below most
+animals, except those jacketed Gouda Cows, he, on the other, exalts him
+beyond the visible Heavens, almost to an equality with the Gods.
+
+"To the eye of vulgar Logic," says he, "what is man?  An omnivorous Biped
+that wears Breeches.  To the eye of Pure Reason what is he?  A Soul, a
+Spirit, and divine Apparition.  Round his mysterious ME, there lies, under
+all those wool-rags, a Garment of Flesh (or of Senses), contextured in the
+Loom of Heaven; whereby he is revealed to his like, and dwells with them in
+UNION and DIVISION; and sees and fashions for himself a Universe, with
+azure Starry Spaces, and long Thousands of Years.  Deep-hidden is he under
+that strange Garment; amid Sounds and Colors and Forms, as it were, swathed
+in, and inextricably over-shrouded:  yet it is sky-woven, and worthy of a
+God.  Stands he not thereby in the centre of Immensities, in the conflux of
+Eternities?  He feels; power has been given him to know, to believe; nay
+does not the spirit of Love, free in its celestial primeval brightness,
+even here, though but for moments, look through?  Well said Saint
+Chrysostom, with his lips of gold, 'the true SHEKINAH is Man:'  where else
+is the GOD'S-PRESENCE manifested not to our eyes only, but to our hearts,
+as in our fellow-man?"
+
+In such passages, unhappily too rare, the high Platonic Mysticism of our
+Author, which is perhaps the fundamental element of his nature, bursts
+forth, as it were, in full flood:  and, through all the vapor and tarnish
+of what is often so perverse, so mean in his exterior and environment, we
+seem to look into a whole inward Sea of Light and Love;--though, alas, the
+grim coppery clouds soon roll together again, and hide it from view.
+
+Such tendency to Mysticism is everywhere traceable in this man; and indeed,
+to attentive readers, must have been long ago apparent.  Nothing that he
+sees but has more than a common meaning, but has two meanings:  thus, if in
+the highest Imperial Sceptre and Charlemagne-Mantle, as well as in the
+poorest Ox-goad and Gypsy-Blanket, he finds Prose, Decay, Contemptibility;
+there is in each sort Poetry also, and a reverend Worth.  For Matter, were
+it never so despicable, is Spirit, the manifestation of Spirit:  were it
+never so honorable, can it be more?  The thing Visible, nay the thing
+Imagined, the thing in any way conceived as Visible, what is it but a
+Garment, a Clothing of the higher, celestial Invisible, "unimaginable
+formless, dark with excess of bright"?  Under which point of view the
+following passage, so strange in purport, so strange in phrase, seems
+characteristic enough:--
+
+"The beginning of all Wisdom is to look fixedly on Clothes, or even with
+armed eyesight, till they become _transparent_.  'The Philosopher,' says
+the wisest of this age, 'must station himself in the middle:'  how true!
+The Philosopher is he to whom the Highest has descended, and the Lowest has
+mounted up; who is the equal and kindly brother of all.
+
+"Shall we tremble before clothwebs and cobwebs, whether woven in Arkwright
+looms, or by the silent Arachnes that weave unrestingly in our Imagination?
+Or, on the other hand, what is there that we cannot love; since all was
+created by God?
+
+"Happy he who can look through the Clothes of a Man (the woollen, and
+fleshly, and official Bank-paper and State-paper Clothes) into the Man
+himself; and discern, it may be, in this or the other Dread Potentate, a
+more or less incompetent Digestive-apparatus; yet also an inscrutable
+venerable Mystery, in the meanest Tinker that sees with eyes!"
+
+For the rest, as is natural to a man of this kind, he deals much in the
+feeling of Wonder; insists on the necessity and high worth of universal
+Wonder; which he holds to be the only reasonable temper for the denizen of
+so singular a Planet as ours.  "Wonder," says he, "is the basis of Worship:
+the reign of wonder is perennial, indestructible in Man; only at certain
+stages (as the present), it is, for some short season, a reign _in partibus
+infidelium_."  That progress of Science, which is to destroy Wonder, and in
+its stead substitute Mensuration and Numeration, finds small favor with
+Teufelsdrockh, much as he otherwise venerates these two latter processes.
+
+"Shall your Science," exclaims he, "proceed in the small chink-lighted, or
+even oil-lighted, underground workshop of Logic alone; and man's mind
+become an Arithmetical Mill, whereof Memory is the Hopper, and mere Tables
+of Sines and Tangents, Codification, and Treatises of what you call
+Political Economy, are the Meal?  And what is that Science, which the
+scientific head alone, were it screwed off, and (like the Doctor's in the
+Arabian Tale) set in a basin to keep it alive, could prosecute without
+shadow of a heart,--but one other of the mechanical and menial handicrafts,
+for which the Scientific Head (having a Soul in it) is too noble an organ?
+I mean that Thought without Reverence is barren, perhaps poisonous; at
+best, dies like cookery with the day that called it forth; does not live,
+like sowing, in successive tilths and wider-spreading harvests, bringing
+food and plenteous increase to all Time."
+
+In such wise does Teufelsdrockh deal hits, harder or softer, according to
+ability; yet ever, as we would fain persuade ourselves, with charitable
+intent.  Above all, that class of "Logic-choppers, and treble-pipe
+Scoffers, and professed Enemies to Wonder; who, in these days, so
+numerously patrol as night-constables about the Mechanics' Institute of
+Science, and cackle, like true Old-Roman geese and goslings round their
+Capitol, on any alarm, or on none; nay who often, as illuminated Sceptics,
+walk abroad into peaceable society, in full daylight, with rattle and
+lantern, and insist on guiding you and guarding you therewith, though the
+Sun is shining, and the street populous with mere justice-loving men:"
+that whole class is inexpressibly wearisome to him.  Hear with what
+uncommon animation he perorates:--
+
+"The man who cannot wonder, who does not habitually wonder (and worship),
+were he President of innumerable Royal Societies, and carried the whole
+_Mecanique Celeste_ and _Hegel's Philosophy_, and the epitome of all
+Laboratories and Observatories with their results, in his single head,--is
+but a Pair of Spectacles behind which there is no Eye. Let those who have
+Eyes look through him, then he may be useful.
+
+"Thou wilt have no Mystery and Mysticism; wilt walk through thy world by
+the sunshine of what thou callest Truth, or even by the hand-lamp of what I
+call Attorney-Logic; and 'explain' all, 'account' for all, or believe
+nothing of it?  Nay, thou wilt attempt laughter; whoso recognizes the
+unfathomable, all-pervading domain of Mystery, which is everywhere under
+our feet and among our hands; to whom the Universe is an Oracle and Temple,
+as well as a Kitchen and Cattle-stall,--he shall be a delirious Mystic; to
+him thou, with sniffing charity, wilt protrusively proffer thy hand-lamp,
+and shriek, as one injured, when he kicks his foot through it?--_Armer
+Teufel_!  Doth not thy cow calve, doth not thy bull gender?  Thou thyself,
+wert thou not born, wilt thou not die?  'Explain' me all this, or do one of
+two things:  Retire into private places with thy foolish cackle; or, what
+were better, give it up, and weep, not that the reign of wonder is done,
+and God's world all disembellished and prosaic, but that thou hitherto art
+a Dilettante and sand-blind Pedant."
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+PROSPECTIVE.
+
+The Philosophy of Clothes is now to all readers, as we predicted it would
+do, unfolding itself into new boundless expansions, of a cloud-capt, almost
+chimerical aspect, yet not without azure loomings in the far distance, and
+streaks as of an Elysian brightness; the highly questionable purport and
+promise of which it is becoming more and more important for us to
+ascertain.  Is that a real Elysian brightness, cries many a timid wayfarer,
+or the reflex of Pandemonian lava?  Is it of a truth leading us into
+beatific Asphodel meadows, or the yellow-burning marl of a Hell-on-Earth?
+
+Our Professor, like other Mystics, whether delirious or inspired, gives an
+Editor enough to do.  Ever higher and dizzier are the heights he leads us
+to; more piercing, all-comprehending, all-confounding are his views and
+glances.  For example, this of Nature being not an Aggregate but a Whole:--
+
+"Well sang the Hebrew Psalmist:  'If I take the wings of the morning and
+dwell in the uttermost parts of the Universe, God is there.'  Thou thyself,
+O cultivated reader, who too probably art no Psalmist, but a Prosaist,
+knowing GOD only by tradition, knowest thou any corner of the world where
+at least FORCE is not?  The drop which thou shakest from thy wet hand,
+rests not where it falls, but to-morrow thou findest it swept away; already
+on the wings of the North-wind, it is nearing the Tropic of Cancer.  How
+came it to evaporate, and not lie motionless?  Thinkest thou there is aught
+motionless; without Force, and utterly dead?
+
+"As I rode through the Schwarzwald, I said to myself:  That little fire
+which glows star-like across the dark-growing (_nachtende_) moor, where the
+sooty smith bends over his anvil, and thou hopest to replace thy lost
+horse-shoe,--is it a detached, separated speck, cut off from the whole
+Universe; or indissolubly joined to the whole?  Thou fool, that smithy-fire
+was (primarily) kindled at the Sun; is fed by air that circulates from
+before Noah's Deluge, from beyond the Dog-star; therein, with Iron Force,
+and Coal Force, and the far stranger Force of Man, are cunning affinities
+and battles and victories of Force brought about; it is a little ganglion,
+or nervous centre, in the great vital system of Immensity.  Call it, if
+thou wilt, an unconscious Altar, kindled on the bosom of the All; whose
+iron sacrifice, whose iron smoke and influence reach quite through the All;
+whose dingy Priest, not by word, yet by brain and sinew, preaches forth the
+mystery of Force; nay preaches forth (exoterically enough) one little
+textlet from the Gospel of Freedom, the Gospel of Man's Force, commanding,
+and one day to be all-commanding.
+
+"Detached, separated!  I say there is no such separation:  nothing hitherto
+was ever stranded, cast aside; but all, were it only a withered leaf, works
+together with all; is borne forward on the bottomless, shoreless flood of
+Action, and lives through perpetual metamorphoses.  The withered leaf is
+not dead and lost, there are Forces in it and around it, though working in
+inverse order; else how could it rot?  Despise not the rag from which man
+makes Paper, or the litter from which the earth makes Corn.  Rightly viewed
+no meanest object is insignificant; all objects are as windows, through
+which the philosophic eye looks into Infinitude itself."
+
+Again, leaving that wondrous Schwarzwald Smithy-Altar, what vacant,
+high-sailing air-ships are these, and whither will they sail with us?
+
+"All visible things are emblems; what thou seest is not there on its own
+account; strictly taken, is not there at all:  Matter exists only
+spiritually, and to represent some Idea, and _body_ it forth.  Hence
+Clothes, as despicable as we think them, are so unspeakably significant.
+Clothes, from the King's mantle downwards, are emblematic, not of want
+only, but of a manifold cunning Victory over Want.  On the other hand, all
+Emblematic things are properly Clothes, thought-woven or hand-woven:  must
+not the Imagination weave Garments, visible Bodies, wherein the else
+invisible creations and inspirations of our Reason are, like Spirits,
+revealed, and first become all-powerful; the rather if, as we often see,
+the Hand too aid her, and (by wool Clothes or otherwise) reveal such even
+to the outward eye?
+
+"Men are properly said to be clothed with Authority, clothed with Beauty,
+with Curses, and the like.  Nay, if you consider it, what is Man himself,
+and his whole terrestrial Life, but an Emblem; a Clothing or visible
+Garment for that divine ME of his, cast hither, like a light-particle, down
+from Heaven?  Thus is he said also to be clothed with a Body.
+
+"Language is called the Garment of Thought:  however, it should rather be,
+Language is the Flesh-Garment, the Body, of Thought.  I said that
+Imagination wove this Flesh-Garment; and does not she?  Metaphors are her
+stuff:  examine Language; what, if you except some few primitive elements
+(of natural sound), what is it all but Metaphors, recognized as such, or no
+longer recognized; still fluid and florid, or now solid-grown and
+colorless?  If those same primitive elements are the osseous fixtures in
+the Flesh-Garment, Language,--then are Metaphors its muscles and tissues
+and living integuments.  An unmetaphorical style you shall in vain seek
+for:  is not your very _Attention_ a _Stretching-to_?  The difference lies
+here:  some styles are lean, adust, wiry, the muscle itself seems osseous;
+some are even quite pallid, hunger-bitten and dead-looking; while others
+again glow in the flush of health and vigorous self-growth, sometimes (as
+in my own case) not without an apoplectic tendency.  Moreover, there are
+sham Metaphors, which overhanging that same Thought's-Body (best naked),
+and deceptively bedizening, or bolstering it out, may be called its false
+stuffings, superfluous show-cloaks (_Putz-Mantel_), and tawdry woollen
+rags:  whereof he that runs and reads may gather whole hampers,--and burn
+them."
+
+Than which paragraph on Metaphors did the reader ever chance to see a more
+surprisingly metaphorical?  However, that is not our chief grievance; the
+Professor continues:--
+
+"Why multiply instances?  It is written, the Heavens and the Earth shall
+fade away like a Vesture; which indeed they are:  the Time-vesture of the
+Eternal.  Whatsoever sensibly exists, whatsoever represents Spirit to
+Spirit, is properly a Clothing, a suit of Raiment, put on for a season, and
+to be laid off.  Thus in this one pregnant subject of CLOTHES, rightly
+understood, is included all that men have thought, dreamed, done, and been:
+the whole External Universe and what it holds is but Clothing; and the
+essence of all Science lies in the PHILOSOPHY OF CLOTHES."
+
+Towards these dim infinitely expanded regions, close-bordering on the
+impalpable Inane, it is not without apprehension, and perpetual
+difficulties, that the Editor sees himself journeying and struggling.  Till
+lately a cheerful daystar of hope hung before him, in the expected Aid of
+Hofrath Heuschrecke; which daystar, however, melts now, not into the red of
+morning, but into a vague, gray half-light, uncertain whether dawn of day
+or dusk of utter darkness.  For the last week, these so-called Biographical
+Documents are in his hand.  By the kindness of a Scottish Hamburg Merchant,
+whose name, known to the whole mercantile world, he must not mention; but
+whose honorable courtesy, now and often before spontaneously manifested to
+him, a mere literary stranger, he cannot soon forget,--the bulky
+Weissnichtwo Packet, with all its Custom-house seals, foreign hieroglyphs,
+and miscellaneous tokens of Travel, arrived here in perfect safety, and
+free of cost. The reader shall now fancy with what hot haste it was broken
+up, with what breathless expectation glanced over; and, alas, with what
+unquiet disappointment it has, since then, been often thrown down, and
+again taken up.
+
+Hofrath Heuschrecke, in a too long-winded Letter, full of compliments,
+Weissnichtwo politics, dinners, dining repartees, and other ephemeral
+trivialities, proceeds to remind us of what we knew well already:  that
+however it may be with Metaphysics, and other abstract Science originating
+in the Head (_Verstand_) alone, no Life-Philosophy (_Lebensphilosophie_),
+such as this of Clothes pretends to be, which originates equally in the
+Character (_Gemuth_), and equally speaks thereto, can attain its
+significance till the Character itself is known and seen; "till the
+Author's View of the World (_Weltansicht_), and how he actively and
+passively came by such view, are clear:  in short till a Biography of him
+has been philosophico-poetically written, and philosophico-poetically
+read....  Nay," adds he, "were the speculative scientific Truth even known,
+you still, in this inquiring age, ask yourself, Whence came it, and Why,
+and How?--and rest not, till, if no better may be, Fancy have shaped out an
+answer; and either in the authentic lineaments of Fact, or the forged ones
+of Fiction, a complete picture and Genetical History of the Man and his
+spiritual Endeavor lies before you.  But why," says the Hofrath, and indeed
+say we, "do I dilate on the uses of our Teufelsdrockh's Biography?  The
+great Herr Minister von Goethe has penetratingly remarked that Man is
+properly the _only_ object that interests man:'  thus I too have noted,
+that in Weissnichtwo our whole conversation is little or nothing else but
+Biography or Autobiography; ever humano-anecdotical
+(_menschlich-anekdotisch_).  Biography is by nature the most universally
+profitable, universally pleasant of all things:  especially Biography of
+distinguished individuals.
+
+"By this time, _mein Verehrtester_ (my Most Esteemed)," continues he, with
+an eloquence which, unless the words be purloined from Teufelsdrockh, or
+some trick of his, as we suspect, is well-nigh unaccountable, "by this time
+you are fairly plunged (_vertieft_) in that mighty forest of
+Clothes-Philosophy; and looking round, as all readers do, with astonishment
+enough.  Such portions and passages as you have already mastered, and
+brought to paper, could not but awaken a strange curiosity touching the
+mind they issued from; the perhaps unparalleled psychical mechanism, which
+manufactured such matter, and emitted it to the light of day.  Had
+Teufelsdrockh also a father and mother; did he, at one time, wear
+drivel-bibs, and live on spoon-meat?  Did he ever, in rapture and tears,
+clasp a friend's bosom to his; looks he also wistfully into the long
+burial-aisle of the Past, where only winds, and their low harsh moan, give
+inarticulate answer?  Has he fought duels;--good Heaven! how did he comport
+himself when in Love?  By what singular stair-steps, in short, and
+subterranean passages, and sloughs of Despair, and steep Pisgah hills, has
+he reached this wonderful prophetic Hebron (a true Old-Clothes Jewry) where
+he now dwells?
+
+"To all these natural questions the voice of public History is as yet
+silent.  Certain only that he has been, and is, a Pilgrim, and Traveller
+from a far Country; more or less footsore and travel-soiled; has parted
+with road-companions; fallen among thieves, been poisoned by bad cookery,
+blistered with bug-bites; nevertheless, at every stage (for they have let
+him pass), has had the Bill to discharge.  But the whole particulars of his
+Route, his Weather-observations, the picturesque Sketches he took, though
+all regularly jotted down (in indelible sympathetic-ink by an invisible
+interior Penman), are these nowhere forthcoming?  Perhaps quite lost:  one
+other leaf of that mighty Volume (of human Memory) left to fly abroad,
+unprinted, unpublished, unbound up, as waste paper; and to rot, the sport
+of rainy winds?
+
+"No, _verehrtester Herr Herausgeber_, in no wise!  I here, by the
+unexampled favor you stand in with our Sage, send not a Biography only, but
+an Autobiography:  at least the materials for such; wherefrom, if I
+misreckon not, your perspicacity will draw fullest insight:  and so the
+whole Philosophy and Philosopher of Clothes will stand clear to the
+wondering eyes of England, nay thence, through America, through Hindostan,
+and the antipodal New Holland, finally conquer (_einnehmen_) great part of
+this terrestrial Planet!"
+
+And now let the sympathizing reader judge of our feeling when, in place of
+this same Autobiography with "fullest insight," we find--Six considerable
+PAPER-BAGS, carefully sealed, and marked successively, in gilt China-ink,
+with the symbols of the Six southern Zodiacal Signs, beginning at Libra; in
+the inside of which sealed Bags lie miscellaneous masses of Sheets, and
+oftener Shreds and Snips, written in Professor Teufelsdrockh's scarce
+legible _cursiv-schrift_; and treating of all imaginable things under the
+Zodiac and above it, but of his own personal history only at rare
+intervals, and then in the most enigmatic manner.
+
+Whole fascicles there are, wherein the Professor, or, as he here, speaking
+in the third person, calls himself, "the Wanderer," is not once named.
+Then again, amidst what seems to be a Metaphysico-theological Disquisition,
+"Detached Thoughts on the Steam-engine," or, "The continued Possibility of
+Prophecy," we shall meet with some quite private, not unimportant
+Biographical fact.  On certain sheets stand Dreams, authentic or not, while
+the circumjacent waking Actions are omitted.  Anecdotes, oftenest without
+date of place or time, fly loosely on separate slips, like Sibylline
+leaves.  Interspersed also are long purely Autobiographical delineations;
+yet without connection, without recognizable coherence; so unimportant, so
+superfluously minute, they almost remind us of "P.P. Clerk of this Parish."
+Thus does famine of intelligence alternate with waste.  Selection, order,
+appears to be unknown to the Professor.  In all Bags the same imbroglio;
+only perhaps in the Bag _Capricorn_, and those near it, the confusion a
+little worse confounded.  Close by a rather eloquent Oration, "On receiving
+the Doctor's-Hat," lie wash-bills, marked _bezahlt_ (settled).  His Travels
+are indicated by the Street-Advertisements of the various cities he has
+visited; of which Street-Advertisements, in most living tongues, here is
+perhaps the completest collection extant.
+
+So that if the Clothes-Volume itself was too like a Chaos, we have now
+instead of the solar Luminary that should still it, the airy Limbo which by
+intermixture will farther volatilize and discompose it!  As we shall
+perhaps see it our duty ultimately to deposit these Six Paper-Bags in the
+British Museum, farther description, and all vituperation of them, may be
+spared.  Biography or Autobiography of Teufelsdrockh there is, clearly
+enough, none to be gleaned here:  at most some sketchy, shadowy fugitive
+likeness of him may, by unheard-of efforts, partly of intellect, partly of
+imagination, on the side of Editor and of Reader, rise up between them.
+Only as a gaseous-chaotic Appendix to that aqueous-chaotic Volume can the
+contents of the Six Bags hover round us, and portions thereof be
+incorporated with our delineation of it.
+
+Daily and nightly does the Editor sit (with green spectacles) deciphering
+these unimaginable Documents from their perplexed _cursiv-schrift_;
+collating them with the almost equally unimaginable Volume, which stands in
+legible print.  Over such a universal medley of high and low, of hot, cold,
+moist and dry, is he here struggling (by union of like with like, which is
+Method) to build a firm Bridge for British travellers.  Never perhaps since
+our first Bridge-builders, Sin and Death, built that stupendous Arch from
+Hell-gate to the Earth, did any Pontifex, or Pontiff, undertake such a task
+as the present Editor.  For in this Arch too, leading, as we humbly
+presume, far otherwards than that grand primeval one, the materials are to
+be fished up from the weltering deep, and down from the simmering air, here
+one mass, there another, and cunningly cemented, while the elements boil
+beneath:  nor is there any supernatural force to do it with; but simply the
+Diligence and feeble thinking Faculty of an English Editor, endeavoring to
+evolve printed Creation out of a German printed and written Chaos, wherein,
+as he shoots to and fro in it, gathering, clutching, piecing the Why to the
+far-distant Wherefore, his whole Faculty and Self are like to be swallowed
+up.
+
+Patiently, under these incessant toils and agitations, does the Editor,
+dismissing all anger, see his otherwise robust health declining; some
+fraction of his allotted natural sleep nightly leaving him, and little but
+an inflamed nervous-system to be looked for.  What is the use of health, or
+of life, if not to do some work therewith?  And what work nobler than
+transplanting foreign Thought into the barren domestic soil; except indeed
+planting Thought of your own, which the fewest are privileged to do?  Wild
+as it looks, this Philosophy of Clothes, can we ever reach its real
+meaning, promises to reveal new-coming Eras, the first dim rudiments and
+already-budding germs of a nobler Era, in Universal History.  Is not such a
+prize worth some striving?  Forward with us, courageous reader; be it
+towards failure, or towards success!  The latter thou sharest with us; the
+former also is not all our own.
+
+
+BOOK II.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+GENESIS.
+
+In a psychological point of view, it is perhaps questionable whether from
+birth and genealogy, how closely scrutinized soever, much insight is to be
+gained.  Nevertheless, as in every phenomenon the Beginning remains always
+the most notable moment; so, with regard to any great man, we rest not
+till, for our scientific profit or not, the whole circumstances of his
+first appearance in this Planet, and what manner of Public Entry he made,
+are with utmost completeness rendered manifest.  To the Genesis of our
+Clothes-Philosopher, then, be this First Chapter consecrated.  Unhappily,
+indeed, he seems to be of quite obscure extraction; uncertain, we might
+almost say, whether of any:  so that this Genesis of his can properly be
+nothing but an Exodus (or transit out of Invisibility into Visibility);
+whereof the preliminary portion is nowhere forthcoming.
+
+"In the village of Entepfuhl," thus writes he, in the Bag _Libra_, on
+various Papers, which we arrange with difficulty, "dwelt Andreas Futteral
+and his wife; childless, in still seclusion, and cheerful though now
+verging towards old age.  Andreas had been grenadier Sergeant, and even
+regimental Schoolmaster under Frederick the Great; but now, quitting the
+halbert and ferule for the spade and pruning-hook, cultivated a little
+Orchard, on the produce of which he, Cincinnatus-like, lived not without
+dignity.  Fruits, the peach, the apple, the grape, with other varieties
+came in their season; all which Andreas knew how to sell:  on evenings he
+smoked largely, or read (as beseemed a regimental Schoolmaster), and talked
+to neighbors that would listen about the Victory of Rossbach; and how Fritz
+the Only (_der Einzige_) had once with his own royal lips spoken to him,
+had been pleased to say, when Andreas as camp-sentinel demanded the
+pass-word, '_Schweig Hund_ (Peace, hound)!' before any of his
+staff-adjutants could answer. '_Das nenn' ich mir einen Konig_, There is
+what I call a King,' would Andreas exclaim:  'but the smoke of Kunersdorf
+was still smarting his eyes.'
+
+"Gretchen, the housewife, won like Desdemona by the deeds rather than the
+looks of her now veteran Othello, lived not in altogether military
+subordination; for, as Andreas said, 'the womankind will not drill (_wer
+kann die Weiberchen dressiren_):' nevertheless she at heart loved him both
+for valor and wisdom; to her a Prussian grenadier Sergeant and Regiment's
+Schoolmaster was little other than a Cicero and Cid:  what you see, yet
+cannot see over, is as good as infinite.  Nay, was not Andreas in very deed
+a man of order, courage, downrightness (_Geradheit_); that understood
+Busching's _Geography_, had been in the victory of Rossbach, and left for
+dead in the camisade of Hochkirch?  The good Gretchen, for all her
+fretting, watched over him and hovered round him as only a true
+house-mother can:  assiduously she cooked and sewed and scoured for him; so
+that not only his old regimental sword and grenadier-cap, but the whole
+habitation and environment, where on pegs of honor they hung, looked ever
+trim and gay:  a roomy painted Cottage, embowered in fruit-trees and
+forest-trees, evergreens and honeysuckles; rising many-colored from amid
+shaven grass-plots, flowers struggling in through the very windows; under
+its long projecting eaves nothing but garden-tools in methodic piles (to
+screen them from rain), and seats where, especially on summer nights, a
+King might have wished to sit and smoke, and call it his.  Such a Bauergut
+(Copyhold) had Gretchen given her veteran; whose sinewy arms, and
+long-disused gardening talent, had made it what you saw.
+
+"Into this umbrageous Man's-nest, one meek yellow evening or dusk, when the
+Sun, hidden indeed from terrestrial Entepfuhl, did nevertheless journey
+visible and radiant along the celestial Balance (_Libra_), it was that a
+Stranger of reverend aspect entered; and, with grave salutation, stood
+before the two rather astonished housemates.  He was close-muffled in a
+wide mantle; which without farther parley unfolding, he deposited therefrom
+what seemed some Basket, overhung with green Persian silk; saying only:
+_Ihr lieben Leute, hier bringe ein unschatzbares Verleihen; nehmt es in
+aller Acht, sorgfaltigst benutzt es:  mit hohem Lohn, oder wohl mit
+schweren Zinsen, wird's einst zuruckgefordert_.  'Good Christian people,
+here lies for you an invaluable Loan; take all heed thereof, in all
+carefulness employ it:  with high recompense, or else with heavy penalty,
+will it one day be required back.'  Uttering which singular words, in a
+clear, bell-like, forever memorable tone, the Stranger gracefully withdrew;
+and before Andreas or his wife, gazing in expectant wonder, had time to
+fashion either question or answer, was clean gone.  Neither out of doors
+could aught of him be seen or heard; he had vanished in the thickets, in
+the dusk; the Orchard-gate stood quietly closed:  the Stranger was gone
+once and always.  So sudden had the whole transaction been, in the autumn
+stillness and twilight, so gentle, noiseless, that the Futterals could have
+fancied it all a trick of Imagination, or some visit from an authentic
+Spirit.  Only that the green-silk Basket, such as neither Imagination nor
+authentic Spirits are wont to carry, still stood visible and tangible on
+their little parlor-table.  Towards this the astonished couple, now with
+lit candle, hastily turned their attention.  Lifting the green veil, to see
+what invaluable it hid, they descried there, amid down and rich white
+wrappages, no Pitt Diamond or Hapsburg Regalia, but, in the softest sleep,
+a little red-colored Infant!  Beside it, lay a roll of gold Friedrichs, the
+exact amount of which was never publicly known; also a _Taufschein_
+(baptismal certificate), wherein unfortunately nothing but the Name was
+decipherable, other document or indication none whatever.
+
+"To wonder and conjecture was unavailing, then and always thenceforth.
+Nowhere in Entepfuhl, on the morrow or next day, did tidings transpire of
+any such figure as the Stranger; nor could the Traveller, who had passed
+through the neighboring Town in coach-and-four, be connected with this
+Apparition, except in the way of gratuitous surmise.  Meanwhile, for
+Andreas and his wife, the grand practical problem was:  What to do with
+this little sleeping red-colored Infant?  Amid amazements and curiosities,
+which had to die away without external satisfying, they resolved, as in
+such circumstances charitable prudent people needs must, on nursing it,
+though with spoon-meat, into whiteness, and if possible into manhood.  The
+Heavens smiled on their endeavor:  thus has that same mysterious Individual
+ever since had a status for himself in this visible Universe, some modicum
+of victual and lodging and parade-ground; and now expanded in bulk, faculty
+and knowledge of good and evil, he, as HERR DIOGENES TEUFELSDROCKH,
+professes or is ready to profess, perhaps not altogether without effect, in
+the new University of Weissnichtwo, the new Science of Things in General."
+
+Our Philosopher declares here, as indeed we should think he well might,
+that these facts, first communicated, by the good Gretchen Futteral, In his
+twelfth year, "produced on the boyish heart and fancy a quite indelible
+impression.  Who this reverend Personage," he says, "that glided into the
+Orchard Cottage when the Sun was in Libra, and then, as on spirit's wings,
+glided out again, might be?  An inexpressible desire, full of love and of
+sadness, has often since struggled within me to shape an answer.  Ever, in
+my distresses and my loneliness, has Fantasy turned, full of longing
+(_sehnsuchtsvoll_), to that unknown Father, who perhaps far from me,
+perhaps near, either way invisible, might have taken me to his paternal
+bosom, there to lie screened from many a woe.  Thou beloved Father, dost
+thou still, shut out from me only by thin penetrable curtains of earthly
+Space, wend to and fro among the crowd of the living?  Or art thou hidden
+by those far thicker curtains of the Everlasting Night, or rather of the
+Everlasting Day, through which my mortal eye and outstretched arms need not
+strive to reach?  Alas, I know not, and in vain vex myself to know.  More
+than once, heart-deluded, have I taken for thee this and the other
+noble-looking Stranger; and approached him wistfully, with infinite regard;
+but he too had to repel me, he too was not thou.
+
+"And yet, O Man born of Woman," cries the Autobiographer, with one of his
+sudden whirls, "wherein is my case peculiar?  Hadst thou, any more than I,
+a Father whom thou knowest?  The Andreas and Gretchen, or the Adam and Eve,
+who led thee into Life, and for a time suckled and pap-fed thee there, whom
+thou namest Father and Mother; these were, like mine, but thy
+nursing-father and nursing-mother:  thy true Beginning and Father is in
+Heaven, whom with the bodily eye thou shalt never behold, but only with the
+spiritual....
+
+"The little green veil," adds he, among much similar moralizing, and
+embroiled discoursing, "I yet keep; still more inseparably the Name,
+Diogenes Teufelsdrockh.  From the veil can nothing be inferred:  a piece of
+now quite faded Persian silk, like thousands of others.  On the Name I have
+many times meditated and conjectured; but neither in this lay there any
+clew.  That it was my unknown Father's name I must hesitate to believe.  To
+no purpose have I searched through all the Herald's Books, in and without
+the German Empire, and through all manner of Subscriber-Lists
+(_Pranumeranten_), Militia-Rolls, and other Name-catalogues; extraordinary
+names as we have in Germany, the name Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to
+my own person, nowhere occurs.  Again, what may the unchristian rather than
+Christian 'Diogenes' mean?  Did that reverend Basket-bearer intend, by such
+designation, to shadow forth my future destiny, or his own present malign
+humor?  Perhaps the latter, perhaps both.  Thou ill-starred Parent, who
+like an Ostrich hadst to leave thy ill-starred offspring to be hatched into
+self-support by the mere sky-influences of Chance, can thy pilgrimage have
+been a smooth one?  Beset by Misfortune thou doubtless hast been; or indeed
+by the worst figure of Misfortune, by Misconduct.  Often have I fancied
+how, in thy hard life-battle, thou wert shot at, and slung at, wounded,
+hand-fettered, hamstrung, browbeaten and bedevilled by the Time-Spirit
+(_Zeitgeist_) in thyself and others, till the good soul first given thee
+was seered into grim rage, and thou hadst nothing for it but to leave in me
+an indignant appeal to the Future, and living speaking Protest against the
+Devil, as that same Spirit not of the Time only, but of Time itself, is
+well named!  Which Appeal and Protest, may I now modestly add, was not
+perhaps quite lost in air.
+
+"For indeed, as Walter Shandy often insisted, there is much, nay almost
+all, in Names.  The Name is the earliest Garment you wrap round the
+earth-visiting ME; to which it thenceforth cleaves, more tenaciously (for
+there are Names that have lasted nigh thirty centuries) than the very skin.
+And now from without, what mystic influences does it not send inwards, even
+to the centre; especially in those plastic first-times, when the whole soul
+is yet infantine, soft, and the invisible seedgrain will grow to be an all
+overshadowing tree!  Names?  Could I unfold the influence of Names, which
+are the most important of all Clothings, I were a second greater
+Trismegistus.  Not only all common Speech, but Science, Poetry itself is no
+other, if thou consider it, than a right _Naming_.  Adam's first task was
+giving names to natural Appearances:  what is ours still but a continuation
+of the same; be the Appearances exotic-vegetable, organic, mechanic, stars,
+or starry movements (as in Science); or (as in Poetry) passions, virtues,
+calamities, God-attributes, Gods?--In a very plain sense the Proverb says,
+_Call one a thief, and he will steal_; in an almost similar sense may we
+not perhaps say, _Call one Diogenes Teufelsdrockh, and he will open the
+Philosophy of Clothes_?"
+
+
+"Meanwhile the incipient Diogenes, like others, all ignorant of his Why,
+his How or Whereabout, was opening his eyes to the kind Light; sprawling
+out his ten fingers and toes; listening, tasting, feeling; in a word, by
+all his Five Senses, still more by his Sixth Sense of Hunger, and a whole
+infinitude of inward, spiritual, half-awakened Senses, endeavoring daily to
+acquire for himself some knowledge of this strange Universe where he had
+arrived, be his task therein what it might.  Infinite was his progress;
+thus in some fifteen months, he could perform the miracle of--Speech!  To
+breed a fresh Soul, is it not like brooding a fresh (celestial) Egg;
+wherein as yet all is formless, powerless; yet by degrees organic elements
+and fibres shoot through the watery albumen; and out of vague Sensation
+grows Thought, grows Fantasy and Force, and we have Philosophies,
+Dynasties, nay Poetries and Religions!
+
+"Young Diogenes, or rather young Gneschen, for by such diminutive had they
+in their fondness named him, travelled forward to those high consummations,
+by quick yet easy stages.  The Futterals, to avoid vain talk, and moreover
+keep the roll of gold Friedrichs safe, gave out that he was a grandnephew;
+the orphan of some sister's daughter, suddenly deceased, in Andreas's
+distant Prussian birthland; of whom, as of her indigent sorrowing widower,
+little enough was known at Entepfuhl.  Heedless of all which, the Nursling
+took to his spoon-meat, and throve.  I have heard him noted as a still
+infant, that kept his mind much to himself; above all, that seldom or never
+cried.  He already felt that time was precious; that he had other work cut
+out for him than whimpering."
+
+
+Such, after utmost painful search and collation among these miscellaneous
+Paper-masses, is all the notice we can gather of Herr Teufelsdrockh's
+genealogy.  More imperfect, more enigmatic it can seem to few readers than
+to us.  The Professor, in whom truly we more and more discern a certain
+satirical turn, and deep under-currents of roguish whim, for the present
+stands pledged in honor, so we will not doubt him:  but seems it not
+conceivable that, by the "good Gretchen Futteral," or some other perhaps
+interested party, he has himself been deceived?  Should these sheets,
+translated or not, ever reach the Entepfuhl Circulating Library, some
+cultivated native of that district might feel called to afford explanation.
+Nay, since Books, like invisible scouts, permeate the whole habitable
+globe, and Timbuctoo itself is not safe from British Literature, may not
+some Copy find out even the mysterious basket-bearing Stranger, who in a
+state of extreme senility perhaps still exists; and gently force even him
+to disclose himself; to claim openly a son, in whom any father may feel
+pride?
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+IDYLLIC.
+
+"HAPPY season of Childhood!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh:  "Kind Nature, that
+art to all a bountiful mother; that visitest the poor man's hut with
+auroral radiance; and for thy Nursling hast provided a soft swathing of
+Love and infinite Hope, wherein he waxes and slumbers, danced round
+(_umgaukelt_) by sweetest Dreams!  If the paternal Cottage still shuts us
+in, its roof still screens us; with a Father we have as yet a prophet,
+priest and king, and an Obedience that makes us free.  The young spirit has
+awakened out of Eternity, and knows not what we mean by Time; as yet Time
+is no fast-hurrying stream, but a sportful sunlit ocean; years to the child
+are as ages:  ah! the secret of Vicissitude, of that slower or quicker
+decay and ceaseless down-rushing of the universal World-fabric, from the
+granite mountain to the man or day-moth, is yet unknown; and in a
+motionless Universe, we taste, what afterwards in this quick-whirling
+Universe is forever denied us, the balm of Rest. Sleep on, thou fair Child,
+for thy long rough journey is at hand!  A little while, and thou too shalt
+sleep no more, but thy very dreams shall be mimic battles; thou too, with
+old Arnauld, wilt have to say in stern patience:  'Rest?  Rest?  Shall I
+not have all Eternity to rest in?' Celestial Nepenthe! though a Pyrrhus
+conquer empires, and an Alexander sack the world, he finds thee not; and
+thou hast once fallen gently, of thy own accord, on the eyelids, on the
+heart of every mother's child.  For as yet, sleep and waking are one:  the
+fair Life-garden rustles infinite around, and everywhere is dewy fragrance,
+and the budding of Hope; which budding, if in youth, too frost-nipt, it
+grow to flowers, will in manhood yield no fruit, but a prickly,
+bitter-rinded stone-fruit, of which the fewest can find the kernel."
+
+In such rose-colored light does our Professor, as Poets are wont, look back
+on his childhood; the historical details of which (to say nothing of much
+other vague oratorical matter) he accordingly dwells on with an almost
+wearisome minuteness.  We hear of Entepfuhl standing "in trustful
+derangement" among the woody slopes; the paternal Orchard flanking it as
+extreme outpost from below; the little Kuhbach gushing kindly by, among
+beech-rows, through river after river, into the Donau, into the Black Sea,
+into the Atmosphere and Universe; and how "the brave old Linden,"
+stretching like a parasol of twenty ells in radius, overtopping all other
+rows and clumps, towered up from the central _Agora_ and _Campus Martius_
+of the Village, like its Sacred Tree; and how the old men sat talking under
+its shadow (Gneschen often greedily listening), and the wearied laborers
+reclined, and the unwearied children sported, and the young men and maidens
+often danced to flute-music.  "Glorious summer twilights," cries
+Teufelsdrockh, "when the Sun, like a proud Conqueror and Imperial
+Taskmaster, turned his back, with his gold-purple emblazonry, and all his
+fireclad bodyguard (of Prismatic Colors); and the tired brickmakers of this
+clay Earth might steal a little frolic, and those few meek Stars would not
+tell of them!"
+
+Then we have long details of the _Weinlesen_ (Vintage), the Harvest-Home,
+Christmas, and so forth; with a whole cycle of the Entepfuhl
+Children's-games, differing apparently by mere superficial shades from
+those of other countries.  Concerning all which, we shall here, for obvious
+reasons, say nothing.  What cares the world for our as yet miniature
+Philosopher's achievements under that "brave old Linden "?  Or even where
+is the use of such practical reflections as the following?  "In all the
+sports of Children, were it only in their wanton breakages and defacements,
+you shall discern a creative instinct (_schaffenden Trieb_):  the Mankin
+feels that he is a born Man, that his vocation is to work.  The choicest
+present you can make him is a Tool; be it knife or pen-gun, for
+construction or for destruction; either way it is for Work, for Change.  In
+gregarious sports of skill or strength, the Boy trains himself to
+Co-operation, for war or peace, as governor or governed:  the little Maid
+again, provident of her domestic destiny, takes with preference to Dolls."
+
+Perhaps, however, we may give this anecdote, considering who it is that
+relates it:  "My first short-clothes were of yellow serge; or rather, I
+should say, my first short-cloth, for the vesture was one and indivisible,
+reaching from neck to ankle, a mere body with four limbs:  of which fashion
+how little could I then divine the architectural, how much less the moral
+significance!"
+
+More graceful is the following little picture:  "On fine evenings I was
+wont to carry forth my supper (bread-crumb boiled in milk), and eat it
+out-of-doors.  On the coping of the Orchard-wall, which I could reach by
+climbing, or still more easily if Father Andreas would set up the
+pruning-ladder, my porringer was placed:  there, many a sunset, have I,
+looking at the distant western Mountains, consumed, not without relish, my
+evening meal.  Those hues of gold and azure, that hush of World's
+expectation as Day died, were still a Hebrew Speech for me; nevertheless I
+was looking at the fair illuminated Letters, and had an eye for their
+gilding."
+
+With "the little one's friendship for cattle and poultry" we shall not much
+intermeddle.  It may be that hereby he acquired a "certain deeper sympathy
+with animated Nature:"  but when, we would ask, saw any man, in a
+collection of Biographical Documents, such a piece as this:  "Impressive
+enough (_bedeutungsvoll_) was it to hear, in early morning, the Swineherd's
+horn; and know that so many hungry happy quadrupeds were, on all sides,
+starting in hot haste to join him, for breakfast on the Heath.  Or to see
+them at eventide, all marching in again, with short squeak, almost in
+military order; and each, topographically correct, trotting off in
+succession to the right or left, through its own lane, to its own dwelling;
+till old Kunz, at the Village-head, now left alone, blew his last blast,
+and retired for the night.  We are wont to love the Hog chiefly in the form
+of Ham; yet did not these bristly thick-skinned beings here manifest
+intelligence, perhaps humor of character; at any rate, a touching, trustful
+submissiveness to Man,--who, were he but a Swineherd, in darned gabardine,
+and leather breeches more resembling slate or discolored-tin breeches, is
+still the Hierarch of this lower world?"
+
+It is maintained, by Helvetius and his set, that an infant of genius is
+quite the same as any other infant, only that certain surprisingly
+favorable influences accompany him through life, especially through
+childhood, and expand him, while others lie close-folded and continue
+dunces.  Herein, say they, consists the whole difference between an
+inspired Prophet and a double-barrelled Game-preserver:  the inner man of
+the one has been fostered into generous development; that of the other,
+crushed down perhaps by vigor of animal digestion, and the like, has exuded
+and evaporated, or at best sleeps now irresuscitably stagnant at the bottom
+of his stomach.  "With which opinion," cries Teufelsdrockh, "I should as
+soon agree as with this other, that an acorn might, by favorable or
+unfavorable influences of soil and climate, be nursed into a cabbage, or
+the cabbage-seed into an oak.
+
+"Nevertheless," continues he, "I too acknowledge the all-but omnipotence of
+early culture and nurture:  hereby we have either a doddered dwarf bush, or
+a high-towering, wide-shadowing tree; either a sick yellow cabbage, or an
+edible luxuriant green one.  Of a truth, it is the duty of all men,
+especially of all philosophers, to note down with accuracy the
+characteristic circumstances of their Education, what furthered, what
+hindered, what in any way modified it:  to which duty, nowadays so pressing
+for many a German Autobiographer, I also zealously address myself."--Thou
+rogue!  Is it by short clothes of yellow serge, and swineherd horns, that
+an infant of genius is educated?  And yet, as usual, it ever remains
+doubtful whether he is laughing in his sleeve at these Autobiographical
+times of ours, or writing from the abundance of his own fond ineptitude.
+For he continues:  "If among the ever-streaming currents of Sights,
+Hearings, Feelings for Pain or Pleasure, whereby, as in a Magic Hall, young
+Gneschen went about environed, I might venture to select and specify,
+perhaps these following were also of the number:
+
+"Doubtless, as childish sports call forth Intellect, Activity, so the young
+creature's Imagination was stirred up, and a Historical tendency given him
+by the narrative habits of Father Andreas; who, with his
+battle-reminiscences, and gray austere yet hearty patriarchal aspect, could
+not but appear another Ulysses and 'much-enduring Man.'  Eagerly I hung
+upon his tales, when listening neighbors enlivened the hearth; from these
+perils and these travels, wild and far almost as Hades itself, a dim world
+of Adventure expanded itself within me.  Incalculable also was the
+knowledge I acquired in standing by the Old Men under the Linden-tree:  the
+whole of Immensity was yet new to me; and had not these reverend seniors,
+talkative enough, been employed in partial surveys thereof for nigh
+fourscore years?  With amazement I began to discover that Entepfuhl stood
+in the middle of a Country, of a World; that there was such a thing as
+History, as Biography to which I also, one day, by hand and tongue, might
+contribute.
+
+"In a like sense worked the _Postwagen_ (Stage-coach), which, slow-rolling
+under its mountains of men and luggage, wended through our Village:
+northwards, truly, in the dead of night; yet southwards visibly at
+eventide.  Not till my eighth year did I reflect that this Postwagen could
+be other than some terrestrial Moon, rising and setting by mere Law of
+Nature, like the heavenly one; that it came on made highways, from far
+cities towards far cities; weaving them like a monstrous shuttle into
+closer and closer union.  It was then that, independently of Schiller's
+_Wilhelm Tell_, I made this not quite insignificant reflection (so true
+also in spiritual things):  _Any road, this simple Entepfuhl road, will
+lead you to the end of the World_!
+
+"Why mention our Swallows, which, out of far Africa, as I learned,
+threading their way over seas and mountains, corporate cities and
+belligerent nations, yearly found themselves with the month of May,
+snug-lodged in our Cottage Lobby?  The hospitable Father (for cleanliness'
+sake) had fixed a little bracket plumb under their nest:  there they built,
+and caught flies, and twittered, and bred; and all, I chiefly, from the
+heart loved them.  Bright, nimble creatures, who taught you the
+mason-craft; nay, stranger still, gave you a masonic incorporation, almost
+social police?  For if, by ill chance, and when time pressed, your House
+fell, have I not seen five neighborly Helpers appear next day; and swashing
+to and fro, with animated, loud, long-drawn chirpings, and activity almost
+super-hirundine, complete it again before nightfall?
+
+"But undoubtedly the grand summary of Entepfuhl child's culture, where as
+in a funnel its manifold influences were concentrated and simultaneously
+poured down on us, was the annual Cattle-fair.  Here, assembling from all
+the four winds, came the elements of an unspeakable hurry-burly.  Nut-brown
+maids and nut-brown men, all clear-washed, loud-laughing, bedizened and
+beribanded; who came for dancing, for treating, and if possible, for
+happiness.  Topbooted Graziers from the North; Swiss Brokers, Italian
+Drovers, also topbooted, from the South; these with their subalterns in
+leather jerkins, leather skull-caps, and long ox-goads; shouting in
+half-articulate speech, amid the inarticulate barking and bellowing.  Apart
+stood Potters from far Saxony, with their crockery in fair rows; Nurnberg
+Pedlers, in booths that to me seemed richer than Ormuz bazaars; Showmen
+from the Lago Maggiore; detachments of the _Wiener Schub_ (Offscourings of
+Vienna) vociferously superintending games of chance.  Ballad-singers
+brayed, Auctioneers grew hoarse; cheap New Wine (_heuriger_) flowed like
+water, still worse confounding the confusion; and high over all, vaulted,
+in ground-and-lofty tumbling, a particolored Merry-Andrew, like the genius
+of the place and of Life itself.
+
+"Thus encircled by the mystery of Existence; under the deep heavenly
+Firmament; waited on by the four golden Seasons, with their vicissitudes of
+contribution, for even grim Winter brought its skating-matches and
+shooting-matches, its snow-storms and Christmas-carols,--did the Child sit
+and learn.  These things were the Alphabet, whereby in aftertime he was to
+syllable and partly read the grand Volume of the World:  what matters it
+whether such Alphabet be in large gilt letters or in small ungilt ones, so
+you have an eye to read it?  For Gneschen, eager to learn, the very act of
+looking thereon was a blessedness that gilded all:  his existence was a
+bright, soft element of Joy; out of which, as in Prospero's Island, wonder
+after wonder bodied itself forth, to teach by charming.
+
+"Nevertheless, I were but a vain dreamer to say, that even then my felicity
+was perfect.  I had, once for all, come down from Heaven into the Earth.
+Among the rainbow colors that glowed on my horizon, lay even in childhood a
+dark ring of Care, as yet no thicker than a thread, and often quite
+overshone; yet always it reappeared, nay ever waxing broader and broader;
+till in after-years it almost overshadowed my whole canopy, and threatened
+to engulf me in final night.  It was the ring of Necessity whereby we are
+all begirt; happy he for whom a kind heavenly Sun brightens it into a ring
+of Duty, and plays round it with beautiful prismatic diffractions; yet
+ever, as basis and as bourn for our whole being, it is there.
+
+
+"For the first few years of our terrestrial Apprenticeship, we have not
+much work to do; but, boarded and lodged gratis, are set down mostly to
+look about us over the workshop, and see others work, till we have
+understood the tools a little, and can handle this and that.  If good
+Passivity alone, and not good Passivity and good Activity together, were
+the thing wanted, then was my early position favorable beyond the most.  In
+all that respects openness of Sense, affectionate Temper, ingenuous
+Curiosity, and the fostering of these, what more could I have wished?  On
+the other side, however, things went not so well.  My Active Power
+(_Thatkraft_) was unfavorably hemmed in; of which misfortune how many
+traces yet abide with me!  In an orderly house, where the litter of
+children's sports is hateful enough, your training is too stoical; rather
+to bear and forbear than to make and do. I was forbid much:  wishes in any
+measure bold I had to renounce; everywhere a strait bond of Obedience
+inflexibly held me down.  Thus already Freewill often came in painful
+collision with Necessity; so that my tears flowed, and at seasons the Child
+itself might taste that root of bitterness, wherewith the whole fruitage of
+our life is mingled and tempered.
+
+"In which habituation to Obedience, truly, it was beyond measure safer to
+err by excess than by defect.  Obedience is our universal duty and destiny;
+wherein whoso will not bend must break:  too early and too thoroughly we
+cannot be trained to know that Would, in this world of ours, is as mere
+zero to Should, and for most part as the smallest of fractions even to
+Shall.  Hereby was laid for me the basis of worldly Discretion, nay of
+Morality itself.  Let me not quarrel with my upbringing.  It was rigorous,
+too frugal, compressively secluded, every way unscientific:  yet in that
+very strictness and domestic solitude might there not lie the root of
+deeper earnestness, of the stem from which all noble fruit must grow?
+Above all, how unskilful soever, it was loving, it was well-meant, honest;
+whereby every deficiency was helped.  My kind Mother, for as such I must
+ever love the good Gretchen, did me one altogether invaluable service:  she
+taught me, less indeed by word than by act and daily reverent look and
+habitude, her own simple version of the Christian Faith.  Andreas too
+attended Church; yet more like a parade-duty, for which he in the other
+world expected pay with arrears,--as, I trust, he has received; but my
+Mother, with a true woman's heart, and fine though uncultivated sense, was
+in the strictest acceptation Religious.  How indestructibly the Good grows,
+and propagates itself, even among the weedy entanglements of Evil!  The
+highest whom I knew on Earth I here saw bowed down, with awe unspeakable,
+before a Higher in Heaven:  such things, especially in infancy, reach
+inwards to the very core of your being; mysteriously does a Holy of Holies
+build itself into visibility in the mysterious deeps; and Reverence, the
+divinest in man, springs forth undying from its mean envelopment of Fear.
+Wouldst thou rather be a peasant's son that knew, were it never so rudely,
+there was a God in Heaven and in Man; or a duke's son that only knew there
+were two-and-thirty quarters on the family-coach?"
+
+To which last question we must answer:  Beware, O Teufelsdrockh, of
+spiritual pride!
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+PEDAGOGY.
+
+Hitherto we see young Gneschen, in his indivisible case of yellow serge,
+borne forward mostly on the arms of kind Nature alone; seated, indeed, and
+much to his mind, in the terrestrial workshop, but (except his soft hazel
+eyes, which we doubt not already gleamed with a still intelligence) called
+upon for little voluntary movement there.  Hitherto, accordingly, his
+aspect is rather generic, that of an incipient Philosopher and Poet in the
+abstract; perhaps it would puzzle Herr Heuschrecke himself to say wherein
+the special Doctrine of Clothes is as yet foreshadowed or betokened.  For
+with Gneschen, as with others, the Man may indeed stand pictured in the Boy
+(at least all the pigments are there); yet only some half of the Man stands
+in the Child, or young Boy, namely, his Passive endowment, not his Active.
+The more impatient are we to discover what figure he cuts in this latter
+capacity; how, when, to use his own words, "he understands the tools a
+little, and can handle this or that," he will proceed to handle it.
+
+Here, however, may be the place to state that, in much of our Philosopher's
+history, there is something of an almost Hindoo character:  nay perhaps in
+that so well-fostered and every way excellent "Passivity" of his, which,
+with no free development of the antagonist Activity, distinguished his
+childhood, we may detect the rudiments of much that, in after days, and
+still in these present days, astonishes the world.  For the
+shallow-sighted, Teufelsdrockh is oftenest a man without Activity of any
+kind, a No-man; for the deep-sighted, again, a man with Activity almost
+superabundant, yet so spiritual, close-hidden, enigmatic, that no mortal
+can foresee its explosions, or even when it has exploded, so much as
+ascertain its significance.  A dangerous, difficult temper for the modern
+European; above all, disadvantageous in the hero of a Biography!  Now as
+heretofore it will behoove the Editor of these pages, were it never so
+unsuccessfully, to do his endeavor.
+
+Among the earliest tools of any complicacy which a man, especially a man of
+letters, gets to handle, are his Class-books.  On this portion of his
+History, Teufelsdrockh looks down professedly as indifferent.  Reading he
+"cannot remember ever to have learned;" so perhaps had it by nature.  He
+says generally:  "Of the insignificant portion of my Education, which
+depended on Schools, there need almost no notice be taken.  I learned what
+others learn; and kept it stored by in a corner of my head, seeing as yet
+no manner of use in it.  My Schoolmaster, a down-bent, broken-hearted,
+underfoot martyr, as others of that guild are, did little for me, except
+discover that he could do little:  he, good soul, pronounced me a genius,
+fit for the learned professions; and that I must be sent to the Gymnasium,
+and one day to the University.  Meanwhile, what printed thing soever I
+could meet with I read.  My very copper pocket-money I laid out on
+stall-literature; which, as it accumulated, I with my own hands sewed into
+volumes.  By this means was the young head furnished with a considerable
+miscellany of things and shadows of things:  History in authentic fragments
+lay mingled with Fabulous chimeras, wherein also was reality; and the whole
+not as dead stuff, but as living pabulum, tolerably nutritive for a mind as
+yet so peptic."
+
+That the Entepfuhl Schoolmaster judged well, we now know.  Indeed, already
+in the youthful Gneschen, with all his outward stillness, there may have
+been manifest an inward vivacity that promised much; symptoms of a spirit
+singularly open, thoughtful, almost poetical.  Thus, to say nothing of his
+Suppers on the Orchard-wall, and other phenomena of that earlier period,
+have many readers of these pages stumbled, in their twelfth year, on such
+reflections as the following?  "It struck me much, as I sat by the Kuhbach,
+one silent noontide, and watched it flowing, gurgling, to think how this
+same streamlet had flowed and gurgled, through all changes of weather and
+of fortune, from beyond the earliest date of History.  Yes, probably on the
+morning when Joshua forded Jordan; even as at the mid-day when Caesar,
+doubtless with difficulty, swam the Nile, yet kept his _Commentaries_
+dry,--this little Kuhbach, assiduous as Tiber, Eurotas or Siloa, was
+murmuring on across the wilderness, as yet unnamed, unseen:  here, too, as
+in the Euphrates and the Ganges, is a vein or veinlet of the grand
+World-circulation of Waters, which, with its atmospheric arteries, has
+lasted and lasts simply with the World.  Thou fool!  Nature alone is
+antique, and the oldest art a mushroom; that idle crag thou sittest on is
+six thousand years of age."  In which little thought, as in a little
+fountain, may there not lie the beginning of those well-nigh unutterable
+meditations on the grandeur and mystery of TIME, and its relation to
+ETERNITY, which play such a part in this Philosophy of Clothes?
+
+Over his Gymnasic and Academic years the Professor by no means lingers so
+lyrical and joyful as over his childhood.  Green sunny tracts there are
+still; but intersected by bitter rivulets of tears, here and there
+stagnating into sour marshes of discontent.  "With my first view of the
+Hinterschlag Gymnasium," writes he, "my evil days began.  Well do I still
+remember the red sunny Whitsuntide morning, when, trotting full of hope by
+the side of Father Andreas, I entered the main street of the place, and saw
+its steeple-clock (then striking Eight) and _Schuldthurm_ (Jail), and the
+aproned or disaproned Burghers moving in to breakfast:  a little dog, in
+mad terror, was rushing past; for some human imps had tied a tin kettle to
+its tail; thus did the agonized creature, loud-jingling, career through the
+whole length of the Borough, and become notable enough.  Fit emblem of many
+a Conquering Hero, to whom Fate (wedding Fantasy to Sense, as it often
+elsewhere does) has malignantly appended a tin kettle of Ambition, to chase
+him on; which the faster he runs, urges him the faster, the more loudly and
+more foolishly!  Fit emblem also of much that awaited myself, in that
+mischievous Den; as in the World, whereof it was a portion and epitome!
+
+"Alas, the kind beech-rows of Entepfuhl were hidden in the distance:  I was
+among strangers, harshly, at best indifferently, disposed towards me; the
+young heart felt, for the first time, quite orphaned and alone."  His
+school-fellows, as is usual, persecuted him:  "They were Boys," he says,
+"mostly rude Boys, and obeyed the impulse of rude Nature, which bids the
+deer-herd fall upon any stricken hart, the duck-flock put to death any
+broken-winged brother or sister, and on all hands the strong tyrannize over
+the weak."  He admits that though "perhaps in an unusual degree morally
+courageous," he succeeded ill in battle, and would fain have avoided it; a
+result, as would appear, owing less to his small personal stature (for in
+passionate seasons he was "incredibly nimble"), than to his "virtuous
+principles:"  "if it was disgraceful to be beaten," says he, "it was only a
+shade less disgraceful to have so much as fought; thus was I drawn two ways
+at once, and in this important element of school-history, the war-element,
+had little but sorrow."  On the whole, that same excellent "Passivity," so
+notable in Teufelsdrockh's childhood, is here visibly enough again getting
+nourishment.  "He wept often; indeed to such a degree that he was nicknamed
+_Der Weinende_ (the Tearful), which epithet, till towards his thirteenth
+year, was indeed not quite unmerited.  Only at rare intervals did the young
+soul burst forth into fire-eyed rage, and, with a stormfulness (_Ungestum_)
+under which the boldest quailed, assert that he too had Rights of Man, or
+at least of Mankin."  In all which, who does not discern a fine flower-tree
+and cinnamon-tree (of genius) nigh choked among pumpkins, reed-grass and
+ignoble shrubs; and forced if it would live, to struggle upwards only, and
+not outwards; into a _height_ quite sickly, and disproportioned to its
+_breadth_?
+
+We find, moreover, that his Greek and Latin were "mechanically" taught;
+Hebrew scarce even mechanically; much else which they called History,
+Cosmography, Philosophy, and so forth, no better than not at all.  So that,
+except inasmuch as Nature was still busy; and he himself "went about, as
+was of old his wont, among the Craftsmen's workshops, there learning many
+things;" and farther lighted on some small store of curious reading, in
+Hans Wachtel the Cooper's house, where he lodged,--his time, it would
+appear, was utterly wasted.  Which facts the Professor has not yet learned
+to look upon with any contentment.  Indeed, throughout the whole of this
+Bag _Scorpio_, where we now are, and often in the following Bag, he shows
+himself unusually animated on the matter of Education, and not without some
+touch of what we might presume to be anger.
+
+"My Teachers," says he, "were hide-bound Pedants, without knowledge of
+man's nature, or of boy's; or of aught save their lexicons and quarterly
+account-books.  Innumerable dead Vocables (no dead Language, for they
+themselves knew no Language) they crammed into us, and called it fostering
+the growth of mind.  How can an inanimate, mechanical Gerund-grinder, the
+like of whom will, in a subsequent century, be manufactured at Nurnberg out
+of wood and leather, foster the growth of anything; much more of Mind,
+which grows, not like a vegetable (by having its roots littered with
+etymological compost), but like a spirit, by mysterious contact of Spirit;
+Thought kindling itself at the fire of living Thought?  How shall _he_ give
+kindling, in whose own inward man there is no live coal, but all is burnt
+out to a dead grammatical cinder?  The Hinterschlag Professors knew syntax
+enough; and of the human soul thus much:  that it had a faculty called
+Memory, and could be acted on through the muscular integument by appliance
+of birch-rods.
+
+"Alas, so is it everywhere, so will it ever be; till the Hod-man is
+discharged, or reduced to hod-bearing; and an Architect is hired, and on
+all hands fitly encouraged:  till communities and individuals discover, not
+without surprise, that fashioning the souls of a generation by Knowledge
+can rank on a level with blowing their bodies to pieces by Gunpowder; that
+with Generals and Field-marshals for killing, there should be world-honored
+Dignitaries, and were it possible, true God-ordained Priests, for teaching.
+But as yet, though the Soldier wears openly, and even parades, his
+butchering-tool, nowhere, far as I have travelled, did the Schoolmaster
+make show of his instructing-tool:  nay, were he to walk abroad with birch
+girt on thigh, as if he therefrom expected honor, would there not, among
+the idler class, perhaps a certain levity be excited?"
+
+In the third year of this Gymnasic period, Father Andreas seems to have
+died:  the young Scholar, otherwise so maltreated, saw himself for the
+first time clad outwardly in sables, and inwardly in quite inexpressible
+melancholy.  "The dark bottomless Abyss, that lies under our feet, had
+yawned open; the pale kingdoms of Death, with all their innumerable silent
+nations and generations, stood before him; the inexorable word, NEVER! now
+first showed its meaning.  My Mother wept, and her sorrow got vent; but in
+my heart there lay a whole lake of tears, pent up in silent desolation.
+Nevertheless the unworn Spirit is strong; Life is so healthful that it even
+finds nourishment in Death:  these stern experiences, planted down by
+Memory in my Imagination, rose there to a whole cypress-forest, sad but
+beautiful; waving, with not unmelodious sighs, in dark luxuriance, in the
+hottest sunshine, through long years of youth:--as in manhood also it does,
+and will do; for I have now pitched my tent under a Cypress-tree; the Tomb
+is now my inexpugnable Fortress, ever close by the gate of which I look
+upon the hostile armaments, and pains and penalties of tyrannous Life
+placidly enough, and listen to its loudest threatenings with a still smile.
+O ye loved ones, that already sleep in the noiseless Bed of Rest, whom in
+life I could only weep for and never help; and ye, who wide-scattered still
+toil lonely in the monster-bearing Desert, dyeing the flinty ground with
+your blood,--yet a little while, and we shall all meet THERE, and our
+Mother's bosom will screen us all; and Oppression's harness, and Sorrow's
+fire-whip, and all the Gehenna Bailiffs that patrol and inhabit ever-vexed
+Time, cannot thenceforth harm us any more!"
+
+Close by which rather beautiful apostrophe, lies a labored Character of the
+deceased Andreas Futteral; of his natural ability, his deserts in life (as
+Prussian Sergeant); with long historical inquiries into the genealogy of
+the Futteral Family, here traced back as far as Henry the Fowler:  the
+whole of which we pass over, not without astonishment.  It only concerns us
+to add, that now was the time when Mother Gretchen revealed to her
+foster-son that he was not at all of this kindred; or indeed of any
+kindred, having come into historical existence in the way already known to
+us.  "Thus was I doubly orphaned," says he; "bereft not only of Possession,
+but even of Remembrance.  Sorrow and Wonder, here suddenly united, could
+not but produce abundant fruit.  Such a disclosure, in such a season,
+struck its roots through my whole nature:  ever till the years of mature
+manhood, it mingled with my whole thoughts, was as the stem whereon all my
+day-dreams and night-dreams grew.  A certain poetic elevation, yet also a
+corresponding civic depression, it naturally imparted: _I was like no
+other_; in which fixed idea, leading sometimes to highest, and oftener to
+frightfullest results, may there not lie the first spring of tendencies,
+which in my Life have become remarkable enough?  As in birth, so in action,
+speculation, and social position, my fellows are perhaps not numerous."
+
+
+In the Bag _Sagittarius_, as we at length discover, Teufelsdrockh has
+become a University man; though how, when, or of what quality, will nowhere
+disclose itself with the smallest certainty.  Few things, in the way of
+confusion and capricious indistinctness, can now surprise our readers; not
+even the total want of dates, almost without parallel in a Biographical
+work.  So enigmatic, so chaotic we have always found, and must always look
+to find, these scattered Leaves.  In _Sagittarius_, however, Teufelsdrockh
+begins to show himself even more than usually Sibylline:  fragments of all
+sorts:  scraps of regular Memoir, College-Exercises, Programs, Professional
+Testimoniums, Milkscores, torn Billets, sometimes to appearance of an
+amatory cast; all blown together as if by merest chance, henceforth
+bewilder the sane Historian.  To combine any picture of these University,
+and the subsequent, years; much more, to decipher therein any illustrative
+primordial elements of the Clothes-Philosophy, becomes such a problem as
+the reader may imagine.
+
+So much we can see; darkly, as through the foliage of some wavering
+thicket:  a youth of no common endowment, who has passed happily through
+Childhood, less happily yet still vigorously through Boyhood, now at length
+perfect in "dead vocables," and set down, as he hopes, by the living
+Fountain, there to superadd Ideas and Capabilities.  From such Fountain he
+draws, diligently, thirstily, yet never or seldom with his whole heart, for
+the water nowise suits his palate; discouragements, entanglements,
+aberrations are discoverable or supposable.  Nor perhaps are even pecuniary
+distresses wanting; for "the good Gretchen, who in spite of advices from
+not disinterested relatives has sent him hither, must after a time withdraw
+her willing but too feeble hand."  Nevertheless in an atmosphere of Poverty
+and manifold Chagrin, the Humor of that young Soul, what character is in
+him, first decisively reveals itself; and, like strong sunshine in weeping
+skies, gives out variety of colors, some of which are prismatic.  Thus,
+with the aid of Time and of what Time brings, has the stripling Diogenes
+Teufelsdrockh waxed into manly stature; and into so questionable an aspect,
+that we ask with new eagerness, How he specially came by it, and regret
+anew that there is no more explicit answer.  Certain of the intelligible
+and partially significant fragments, which are few in number, shall be
+extracted from that Limbo of a Paper-bag, and presented with the usual
+preparation.
+
+As if, in the Bag _Scorpio_, Teufelsdrockh had not already expectorated his
+antipedagogic spleen; as if, from the name _Sagittarius_, he had thought
+himself called upon to shoot arrows, we here again fall in with such matter
+as this:  "The University where I was educated still stands vivid enough in
+my remembrance, and I know its name well; which name, however, I, from
+tenderness to existing interests and persons, shall in nowise divulge.  It
+is my painful duty to say that, out of England and Spain, ours was the
+worst of all hitherto discovered Universities.  This is indeed a time when
+right Education is, as nearly as may be, impossible:  however, in degrees
+of wrongness there is no limit:  nay, I can conceive a worse system than
+that of the Nameless itself; as poisoned victual may be worse than absolute
+hunger.
+
+"It is written, When the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the
+ditch:  wherefore, in such circumstances, may it not sometimes be safer, if
+both leader and led simply--sit still?  Had you, anywhere in Crim Tartary,
+walled in a square enclosure; furnished it with a small, ill-chosen
+Library; and then turned loose into it eleven hundred Christian striplings,
+to tumble about as they listed, from three to seven years:  certain
+persons, under the title of Professors, being stationed at the gates, to
+declare aloud that it was a University, and exact considerable
+admission-fees,--you had, not indeed in mechanical structure, yet in spirit
+and result, some imperfect resemblance of our High Seminary.  I say,
+imperfect; for if our mechanical structure was quite other, so neither was
+our result altogether the same:  unhappily, we were not in Crim Tartary,
+but in a corrupt European city, full of smoke and sin; moreover, in the
+middle of a Public, which, without far costlier apparatus than that of the
+Square Enclosure, and Declaration aloud, you could not be sure of gulling.
+
+"Gullible, however, by fit apparatus, all Publics are; and gulled, with the
+most surprising profit.  Towards anything like a _Statistics of Imposture_,
+indeed, little as yet has been done:  with a strange indifference, our
+Economists, nigh buried under Tables for minor Branches of Industry, have
+altogether overlooked the grand all-overtopping Hypocrisy Branch; as if our
+whole arts of Puffery, of Quackery, Priestcraft, Kingcraft, and the
+innumerable other crafts and mysteries of that genus, had not ranked in
+Productive Industry at all!  Can any one, for example, so much as say, What
+moneys, in Literature and Shoeblacking, are realized by actual Instruction
+and actual jet Polish; what by fictitious-persuasive Proclamation of such;
+specifying, in distinct items, the distributions, circulations,
+disbursements, incomings of said moneys, with the smallest approach to
+accuracy?  But to ask, How far, in all the several infinitely complected
+departments of social business, in government, education, in manual,
+commercial, intellectual fabrication of every sort, man's Want is supplied
+by true Ware; how far by the mere Appearance of true Ware:--in other words,
+To what extent, by what methods, with what effects, in various times and
+countries, Deception takes the place of wages of Performance:  here truly
+is an Inquiry big with results for the future time, but to which hitherto
+only the vaguest answer can be given.  If for the present, in our Europe,
+we estimate the ratio of Ware to Appearance of Ware so high even as at One
+to a Hundred (which, considering the Wages of a Pope, Russian Autocrat, or
+English Game-Preserver, is probably not far from the mark),--what almost
+prodigious saving may there not be anticipated, as the _Statistics of
+Imposture_ advances, and so the manufacturing of Shams (that of Realities
+rising into clearer and clearer distinction therefrom) gradually declines,
+and at length becomes all but wholly unnecessary!
+
+"This for the coming golden ages.  What I had to remark, for the present
+brazen one, is, that in several provinces, as in Education, Polity,
+Religion, where so much is wanted and indispensable, and so little can as
+yet be furnished, probably Imposture is of sanative, anodyne nature, and
+man's Gullibility not his worst blessing.  Suppose your sinews of war quite
+broken; I mean your military chest insolvent, forage all but exhausted; and
+that the whole army is about to mutiny, disband, and cut your and each
+other's throat,--then were it not well could you, as if by miracle, pay
+them in any sort of fairy-money, feed them on coagulated water, or mere
+imagination of meat; whereby, till the real supply came up, they might be
+kept together and quiet?  Such perhaps was the aim of Nature, who does
+nothing without aim, in furnishing her favorite, Man, with this his so
+omnipotent or rather omnipatient Talent of being Gulled.
+
+"How beautifully it works, with a little mechanism; nay, almost makes
+mechanism for itself!  These Professors in the Nameless lived with ease,
+with safety, by a mere Reputation, constructed in past times, and then too
+with no great effort, by quite another class of persons.  Which Reputation,
+like a strong brisk-going undershot wheel, sunk into the general current,
+bade fair, with only a little annual re-painting on their part, to hold
+long together, and of its own accord assiduously grind for them.  Happy
+that it was so, for the Millers!  They themselves needed not to work; their
+attempts at working, at what they called Educating, now when I look back on
+it, fill me with a certain mute admiration.
+
+"Besides all this, we boasted ourselves a Rational University; in the
+highest degree hostile to Mysticism; thus was the young vacant mind
+furnished with much talk about Progress of the Species, Dark Ages,
+Prejudice, and the like; so that all were quickly enough blown out into a
+state of windy argumentativeness; whereby the better sort had soon to end
+in sick, impotent Scepticism; the worser sort explode (_crepiren_) in
+finished Self-conceit, and to all spiritual intents become dead.--But this
+too is portion of mankind's lot.  If our era is the Era of Unbelief, why
+murmur under it; is there not a better coming, nay come?  As in long-drawn
+systole and long-drawn diastole, must the period of Faith alternate with
+the period of Denial; must the vernal growth, the summer luxuriance of all
+Opinions, Spiritual Representations and Creations, be followed by, and
+again follow, the autumnal decay, the winter dissolution.  For man lives in
+Time, has his whole earthly being, endeavor and destiny shaped for him by
+Time:  only in the transitory Time-Symbol is the ever-motionless Eternity
+we stand on made manifest. And yet, in such winter-seasons of Denial, it is
+for the nobler-minded perhaps a comparative misery to have been born, and
+to be awake and work; and for the duller a felicity, if, like hibernating
+animals, safe-lodged in some Salamanca University or Sybaris City, or other
+superstitious or voluptuous Castle of Indolence, they can slumber through,
+in stupid dreams, and only awaken when the loud-roaring hailstorms have all
+alone their work, and to our prayers and martyrdoms the new Spring has been
+vouchsafed."
+
+That in the environment, here mysteriously enough shadowed forth,
+Teufelsdrockh must have felt ill at ease, cannot be doubtful.  "The hungry
+young," he says, "looked up to their spiritual Nurses; and, for food, were
+bidden eat the east-wind.  What vain jargon of controversial Metaphysic,
+Etymology, and mechanical Manipulation falsely named Science, was current
+there, I indeed learned, better perhaps than the most.  Among eleven
+hundred Christian youths, there will not be wanting some eleven eager to
+learn.  By collision with such, a certain warmth, a certain polish was
+communicated; by instinct and happy accident, I took less to rioting
+(_renommiren_), than to thinking and reading, which latter also I was free
+to do.  Nay from the chaos of that Library, I succeeded in fishing up more
+books perhaps than had been known to the very keepers thereof.  The
+foundation of a Literary Life was hereby laid:  I learned, on my own
+strength, to read fluently in almost all cultivated languages, on almost
+all subjects and sciences; farther, as man is ever the prime object to man,
+already it was my favorite employment to read character in speculation, and
+from the Writing to construe the Writer.  A certain groundplan of Human
+Nature and Life began to fashion itself in me; wondrous enough, now when I
+look back on it; for my whole Universe, physical and spiritual, was as yet
+a Machine!  However, such a conscious, recognized groundplan, the truest I
+had, _was_ beginning to be there, and by additional experiments might be
+corrected and indefinitely extended."
+
+Thus from poverty does the strong educe nobler wealth; thus in the
+destitution of the wild desert does our young Ishmael acquire for himself
+the highest of all possessions, that of Self-help.  Nevertheless a desert
+this was, waste, and howling with savage monsters.  Teufelsdrockh gives us
+long details of his "fever-paroxysms of Doubt;" his Inquiries concerning
+Miracles, and the Evidences of religious Faith; and how "in the silent
+night-watches, still darker in his heart than over sky and earth, he has
+cast himself before the All-seeing, and with audible prayers cried
+vehemently for Light, for deliverance from Death and the Grave.  Not till
+after long years, and unspeakable agonies, did the believing heart
+surrender; sink into spell-bound sleep, under the nightmare, Unbelief; and,
+in this hag-ridden dream, mistake God's fair living world for a pallid,
+vacant Hades and extinct Pandemonium.  But through such Purgatory pain,"
+continues he, "it is appointed us to pass; first must the dead Letter of
+Religion own itself dead, and drop piecemeal into dust, if the living
+Spirit of Religion, freed from this its charnel-house, is to arise on us,
+new-born of Heaven, and with new healing under its wings."
+
+To which Purgatory pains, seemingly severe enough, if we add a liberal
+measure of Earthly distresses, want of practical guidance, want of
+sympathy, want of money, want of hope; and all this in the fervid season of
+youth, so exaggerated in imagining, so boundless in desires, yet here so
+poor in means,--do we not see a strong incipient spirit oppressed and
+overloaded from without and from within; the fire of genius struggling up
+among fuel-wood of the greenest, and as yet with more of bitter vapor than
+of clear flame?
+
+From various fragments of Letters and other documentary scraps, it is to be
+inferred that Teufelsdrockh, isolated, shy, retiring as he was, had not
+altogether escaped notice:  certain established men are aware of his
+existence; and, if stretching out no helpful hand, have at least their eyes
+on him.  He appears, though in dreary enough humor, to be addressing
+himself to the Profession of Law;--whereof, indeed, the world has since
+seen him a public graduate.  But omitting these broken, unsatisfactory
+thrums of Economical relation, let us present rather the following small
+thread of Moral relation; and therewith, the reader for himself weaving it
+in at the right place, conclude our dim arras-picture of these University
+years.
+
+"Here also it was that I formed acquaintance with Herr Towgood, or, as it
+is perhaps better written, Herr Toughgut; a young person of quality (_von
+Adel_), from the interior parts of England.  He stood connected, by blood
+and hospitality, with the Counts von Zahdarm, in this quarter of Germany;
+to which noble Family I likewise was, by his means, with all friendliness,
+brought near.  Towgood had a fair talent, unspeakably ill-cultivated; with
+considerable humor of character:  and, bating his total ignorance, for he
+knew nothing except Boxing and a little Grammar, showed less of that
+aristocratic impassivity, and silent fury, than for most part belongs to
+Travellers of his nation.  To him I owe my first practical knowledge of the
+English and their ways; perhaps also something of the partiality with which
+I have ever since regarded that singular people.  Towgood was not without
+an eye, could he have come at any light.  Invited doubtless by the presence
+of the Zahdarm Family, he had travelled hither, in the almost frantic hope
+of perfecting his studies; he, whose studies had as yet been those of
+infancy, hither to a University where so much as the notion of perfection,
+not to say the effort after it, no longer existed!  Often we would condole
+over the hard destiny of the Young in this era:  how, after all our toil,
+we were to be turned out into the world, with beards on our chins indeed,
+but with few other attributes of manhood; no existing thing that we were
+trained to Act on, nothing that we could so much as Believe.  'How has our
+head on the outside a polished Hat,' would Towgood exclaim, 'and in the
+inside Vacancy, or a froth of Vocables and Attorney-Logic!  At a small cost
+men are educated to make leather into shoes; but at a great cost, what am I
+educated to make?  By Heaven, Brother! what I have already eaten and worn,
+as I came thus far, would endow a considerable Hospital of
+Incurables.'--'Man, indeed,' I would answer, 'has a Digestive Faculty,
+which must be kept working, were it even partly by stealth.  But as for our
+Miseducation, make not bad worse; waste not the time yet ours, in trampling
+on thistles because they have yielded us no figs.  _Frisch zu, Bruder_!
+Here are Books, and we have brains to read them; here is a whole Earth and
+a whole Heaven, and we have eyes to look on them:  _Frisch zu_!'
+
+"Often also our talk was gay; not without brilliancy, and even fire.  We
+looked out on Life, with its strange scaffolding, where all at once
+harlequins dance, and men are beheaded and quartered:  motley, not
+unterrific was the aspect; but we looked on it like brave youths.  For
+myself, these were perhaps my most genial hours.  Towards this young
+warm-hearted, strong-headed and wrong-headed Herr Towgood I was even near
+experiencing the now obsolete sentiment of Friendship.  Yes, foolish
+Heathen that I was, I felt that, under certain conditions, I could have
+loved this man, and taken him to my bosom, and been his brother once and
+always.  By degrees, however, I understood the new time, and its wants.  If
+man's _Soul_ is indeed, as in the Finnish Language, and Utilitarian
+Philosophy, a kind of _Stomach_, what else is the true meaning of Spiritual
+Union but an Eating together?  Thus we, instead of Friends, are
+Dinner-guests; and here as elsewhere have cast away chimeras."
+
+So ends, abruptly as is usual, and enigmatically, this little incipient
+romance.  What henceforth becomes of the brave Herr Towgood, or Toughgut?
+He has dived under, in the Autobiographical Chaos, and swims we see not
+where.  Does any reader "in the interior parts of England" know of such a
+man?
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+GETTING UNDER WAY.
+
+"Thus nevertheless," writes our Autobiographer, apparently as quitting
+College, "was there realized Somewhat; namely, I, Diogenes Teufelsdrockh:
+a visible Temporary Figure (_Zeitbild_), occupying some cubic feet of
+Space, and containing within it Forces both physical and spiritual; hopes,
+passions, thoughts; the whole wondrous furniture, in more or less
+perfection, belonging to that mystery, a Man.  Capabilities there were in
+me to give battle, in some small degree, against the great Empire of
+Darkness:  does not the very Ditcher and Delver, with his spade, extinguish
+many a thistle and puddle; and so leave a little Order, where he found the
+opposite?  Nay your very Day-moth has capabilities in this kind; and ever
+organizes something (into its own Body, if no otherwise), which was before
+Inorganic; and of mute dead air makes living music, though only of the
+faintest, by humming.
+
+"How much more, one whose capabilities are spiritual; who has learned, or
+begun learning, the grand thaumaturgic art of Thought!  Thaumaturgic I name
+it; for hitherto all Miracles have been wrought thereby, and henceforth
+innumerable will be wrought; whereof we, even in these days, witness some.
+Of the Poet's and Prophet's inspired Message, and how it makes and unmakes
+whole worlds, I shall forbear mention:  but cannot the dullest hear
+Steam-engines clanking around him?  Has he not seen the Scottish
+Brass-smith's IDEA (and this but a mechanical one) travelling on fire-wings
+round the Cape, and across two Oceans; and stronger than any other
+Enchanter's Familiar, on all hands unweariedly fetching and carrying:  at
+home, not only weaving Cloth; but rapidly enough overturning the whole old
+system of Society; and, for Feudalism and Preservation of the Game,
+preparing us, by indirect but sure methods, Industrialism and the
+Government of the Wisest?  Truly a Thinking Man is the worst enemy the
+Prince of Darkness can have; every time such a one announces himself, I
+doubt not, there runs a shudder through the Nether Empire; and new
+Emissaries are trained, with new tactics, to, if possible, entrap him, and
+hoodwink and handcuff him.
+
+"With such high vocation had I too, as denizen of the Universe, been
+called.  Unhappy it is, however, that though born to the amplest
+Sovereignty, in this way, with no less than sovereign right of Peace and
+War against the Time-Prince (_Zeitfurst_), or Devil, and all his Dominions,
+your coronation-ceremony costs such trouble, your sceptre is so difficult
+to get at, or even to get eye on!"
+
+By which last wire-drawn similitude does Teufelsdrockh mean no more than
+that young men find obstacles in what we call "getting under way"?  "Not
+what I Have," continues he, "but what I Do is my Kingdom.  To each is given
+a certain inward Talent, a certain outward Environment of Fortune; to each,
+by wisest combination of these two, a certain maximum of Capability.  But
+the hardest problem were ever this first:  To find by study of yourself,
+and of the ground you stand on, what your combined inward and outward
+Capability specially is.  For, alas, our young soul is all budding with
+Capabilities, and we see not yet which is the main and true one.  Always
+too the new man is in a new time, under new conditions; his course can be
+the _fac-simile_ of no prior one, but is by its nature original.  And then
+how seldom will the outward Capability fit the inward:  though talented
+wonderfully enough, we are poor, unfriended, dyspeptical, bashful; nay what
+is worse than all, we are foolish.  Thus, in a whole imbroglio of
+Capabilities, we go stupidly groping about, to grope which is ours, and
+often clutch the wrong one:  in this mad work must several years of our
+small term be spent, till the purblind Youth, by practice, acquire notions
+of distance, and become a seeing Man.  Nay, many so spend their whole term,
+and in ever-new expectation, ever-new disappointment, shift from enterprise
+to enterprise, and from side to side:  till at length, as exasperated
+striplings of threescore-and-ten, they shift into their last enterprise,
+that of getting buried.
+
+"Such, since the most of us are too ophthalmic, would be the general fate;
+were it not that one thing saves us:  our Hunger.  For on this ground, as
+the prompt nature of Hunger is well known, must a prompt choice be made:
+hence have we, with wise foresight, Indentures and Apprenticeships for our
+irrational young; whereby, in due season, the vague universality of a Man
+shall find himself ready-moulded into a specific Craftsman; and so
+thenceforth work, with much or with little waste of Capability as it may
+be; yet not with the worst waste, that of time.  Nay even in matters
+spiritual, since the spiritual artist too is born blind, and does not, like
+certain other creatures, receive sight in nine days, but far later,
+sometimes never,--is it not well that there should be what we call
+Professions, or Bread-studies (_Brodzwecke_), preappointed us?  Here,
+circling like the gin-horse, for whom partial or total blindness is no
+evil, the Bread-artist can travel contentedly round and round, still
+fancying that it is forward and forward; and realize much:  for himself
+victual; for the world an additional horse's power in the grand corn-mill
+or hemp-mill of Economic Society.  For me too had such a leading-string
+been provided; only that it proved a neck-halter, and had nigh throttled
+me, till I broke it off.  Then, in the words of Ancient Pistol, did the
+world generally become mine oyster, which I, by strength or cunning, was to
+open, as I would and could.  Almost had I deceased (_fast war ich
+umgekommen_), so obstinately did it continue shut."
+
+We see here, significantly foreshadowed, the spirit of much that was to
+befall our Autobiographer; the historical embodiment of which, as it
+painfully takes shape in his Life, lies scattered, in dim disastrous
+details, through this Bag _Pisces_, and those that follow.  A young man of
+high talent, and high though still temper, like a young mettled colt,
+"breaks off his neck-halter," and bounds forth, from his peculiar manger,
+into the wide world; which, alas, he finds all rigorously fenced in.
+Richest clover-fields tempt his eye; but to him they are forbidden pasture:
+either pining in progressive starvation, he must stand; or, in mad
+exasperation, must rush to and fro, leaping against sheer stone-walls,
+which he cannot leap over, which only lacerate and lame him; till at last,
+after thousand attempts and endurances, he, as if by miracle, clears his
+way; not indeed into luxuriant and luxurious clover, yet into a certain
+bosky wilderness where existence is still possible, and Freedom, though
+waited on by Scarcity, is not without sweetness.  In a word, Teufelsdrockh
+having thrown up his legal Profession, finds himself without landmark of
+outward guidance; whereby his previous want of decided Belief, or inward
+guidance, is frightfully aggravated.  Necessity urges him on; Time will not
+stop, neither can he, a Son of Time; wild passions without solacement, wild
+faculties without employment, ever vex and agitate him.  He too must enact
+that stern Monodrama, _No Object and no Rest_; must front its successive
+destinies, work through to its catastrophe, and deduce therefrom what moral
+he can.
+
+Yet let us be just to him, let us admit that his "neck-halter" sat nowise
+easy on him; that he was in some degree forced to break it off.  If we look
+at the young man's civic position, in this Nameless capital, as he emerges
+from its Nameless University, we can discern well that it was far from
+enviable.  His first Law-Examination he has come through triumphantly; and
+can even boast that the _Examen Rigorosum_ need not have frightened him:
+but though he is hereby "an _Auscultator_ of respectability," what avails
+it?  There is next to no employment to be had.  Neither, for a youth
+without connections, is the process of Expectation very hopeful in itself;
+nor for one of his disposition much cheered from without.  "My fellow
+Auscultators," he says, "were Auscultators:  they dressed, and digested,
+and talked articulate words; other vitality showed they almost none.  Small
+speculation in those eyes, that they did glare withal!  Sense neither for
+the high nor for the deep, nor for aught human or divine, save only for the
+faintest scent of coming Preferment."  In which words, indicating a total
+estrangement on the part of Teufelsdrockh may there not also lurk traces of
+a bitterness as from wounded vanity?  Doubtless these prosaic Auscultators
+may have sniffed at him, with his strange ways; and tried to hate, and what
+was much more impossible, to despise him.  Friendly communion, in any case,
+there could not be:  already has the young Teufelsdrockh left the other
+young geese; and swims apart, though as yet uncertain whether he himself is
+cygnet or gosling.
+
+Perhaps, too, what little employment he had was performed ill, at best
+unpleasantly.  "Great practical method and expertness" he may brag of; but
+is there not also great practical pride, though deep-hidden, only the
+deeper-seated?  So shy a man can never have been popular.  We figure to
+ourselves, how in those days he may have played strange freaks with his
+independence, and so forth:  do not his own words betoken as much?  "Like a
+very young person, I imagined it was with Work alone, and not also with
+Folly and Sin, in myself and others, that I had been appointed to
+struggle."  Be this as it may, his progress from the passive
+Auscultatorship, towards any active Assessorship, is evidently of the
+slowest. By degrees, those same established men, once partially inclined to
+patronize him, seem to withdraw their countenance, and give him up as "a
+man of genius" against which procedure he, in these Papers, loudly
+protests.  "As if," says he, "the higher did not presuppose the lower; as
+if he who can fly into heaven, could not also walk post if he resolved on
+it!  But the world is an old woman, and mistakes any gilt farthing for a
+gold coin; whereby being often cheated, she will thenceforth trust nothing
+but the common copper."
+
+How our winged sky-messenger, unaccepted as a terrestrial runner,
+contrived, in the mean while, to keep himself from flying skyward without
+return, is not too clear from these Documents.  Good old Gretchen seems to
+have vanished from the scene, perhaps from the Earth; other Horn of Plenty,
+or even of Parsimony, nowhere flows for him; so that "the prompt nature of
+Hunger being well known," we are not without our anxiety.  From private
+Tuition, in never so many languages and sciences, the aid derivable is
+small; neither, to use his own words, "does the young Adventurer hitherto
+suspect in himself any literary gift; but at best earns bread-and-water
+wages, by his wide faculty of Translation.  Nevertheless," continues he,
+"that I subsisted is clear, for you find me even now alive."  Which fact,
+however, except upon the principle of our true-hearted, kind old Proverb,
+that "there is always life for a living one," we must profess ourselves
+unable to explain.
+
+Certain Landlords' Bills, and other economic Documents, bearing the mark of
+Settlement, indicate that he was not without money; but, like an
+independent Hearth-holder, if not House-holder, paid his way.  Here also
+occur, among many others, two little mutilated Notes, which perhaps throw
+light on his condition.  The first has now no date, or writer's name, but a
+huge Blot; and runs to this effect:  "The (_Inkblot_), tied down by
+previous promise, cannot, except by best wishes, forward the Herr
+Teufelsdrockh's views on the Assessorship in question; and sees himself
+under the cruel necessity of forbearing, for the present, what were
+otherwise his duty and joy, to assist in opening the career for a man of
+genius, on whom far higher triumphs are yet waiting."  The other is on gilt
+paper; and interests us like a sort of epistolary mummy now dead, yet which
+once lived and beneficently worked.  We give it in the original:  "_Herr
+Teufelsdrockh wird von der Frau Grafinn, auf Donnerstag, zum AESTHETISCHEN
+THEE schonstens eingeladen_."
+
+Thus, in answer to a cry for solid pudding, whereof there is the most
+urgent need, comes, epigrammatically enough, the invitation to a wash of
+quite fluid _AEsthetic Tea_!  How Teufelsdrockh, now at actual hand-grips
+with Destiny herself, may have comported himself among these Musical and
+Literary dilettanti of both sexes, like a hungry lion invited to a feast of
+chickenweed, we can only conjecture.  Perhaps in expressive silence, and
+abstinence:  otherwise if the lion, in such case, is to feast at all, it
+cannot be on the chickenweed, but only on the chickens.  For the rest, as
+this Frau Grafinn dates from the _Zahdarm House_, she can be no other than
+the Countess and mistress of the same; whose intellectual tendencies, and
+good-will to Teufelsdrockh, whether on the footing of Herr Towgood, or on
+his own footing, are hereby manifest.  That some sort of relation, indeed,
+continued, for a time, to connect our Autobiographer, though perhaps feebly
+enough, with this noble House, we have elsewhere express evidence.
+Doubtless, if he expected patronage, it was in vain; enough for him if he
+here obtained occasional glimpses of the great world, from which we at one
+time fancied him to have been always excluded.  "The Zahdarms," says he,
+"lived in the soft, sumptuous garniture of Aristocracy; whereto Literature
+and Art, attracted and attached from without, were to serve as the
+handsomest fringing.  It was to the _Gnadigen Frau_ (her Ladyship) that
+this latter improvement was due:  assiduously she gathered, dexterously she
+fitted on, what fringing was to be had; lace or cobweb, as the place
+yielded."  Was Teufelsdrockh also a fringe, of lace or cobweb; or promising
+to be such?  "With his _Excellenz_ (the Count)," continues he, "I have more
+than once had the honor to converse; chiefly on general affairs, and the
+aspect of the world, which he, though now past middle life, viewed in no
+unfavorable light; finding indeed, except the Outrooting of Journalism
+(_die auszurottende Journalistik_), little to desiderate therein.  On some
+points, as his _Excellenz_ was not uncholeric, I found it more pleasant to
+keep silence.  Besides, his occupation being that of Owning Land, there
+might be faculties enough, which, as superfluous for such use, were little
+developed in him."
+
+That to Teufelsdrockh the aspect of the world was nowise so faultless, and
+many things besides "the Outrooting of Journalism" might have seemed
+improvements, we can readily conjecture.  With nothing but a barren
+Auscultatorship from without, and so many mutinous thoughts and wishes from
+within, his position was no easy one.  "The Universe," he says, "was as a
+mighty Sphinx-riddle, which I knew so little of, yet must rede, or be
+devoured.  In red streaks of unspeakable grandeur, yet also in the
+blackness of darkness, was Life, to my too-unfurnished Thought, unfolding
+itself.  A strange contradiction lay in me; and I as yet knew not the
+solution of it; knew not that spiritual music can spring only from discords
+set in harmony; that but for Evil there were no Good, as victory is only
+possible by battle."
+
+"I have heard affirmed (surely in jest)," observes he elsewhere, "by not
+unphilanthropic persons, that it were a real increase of human happiness,
+could all young men from the age of nineteen be covered under barrels, or
+rendered otherwise invisible; and there left to follow their lawful studies
+and callings, till they emerged, sadder and wiser, at the age of
+twenty-five.  With which suggestion, at least as considered in the light of
+a practical scheme, I need scarcely say that I nowise coincide.
+Nevertheless it is plausibly urged that, as young ladies (_Madchen_) are,
+to mankind, precisely the most delightful in those years; so young
+gentlemen (_Bubchen_) do then attain their maximum of detestability.  Such
+gawks (_Gecken_) are they, and foolish peacocks, and yet with such a
+vulturous hunger for self-indulgence; so obstinate, obstreperous,
+vain-glorious; in all senses, so froward and so forward.  No mortal's
+endeavor or attainment will, in the smallest, content the as yet
+unendeavoring, unattaining young gentleman; but he could make it all
+infinitely better, were it worthy of him.  Life everywhere is the most
+manageable matter, simple as a question in the Rule-of-Three:  multiply
+your second and third term together, divide the product by the first, and
+your quotient will be the answer,--which you are but an ass if you cannot
+come at.  The booby has not yet found out, by any trial, that, do what one
+will, there is ever a cursed fraction, oftenest a decimal repeater, and no
+net integer quotient so much as to be thought of."
+
+In which passage does not there lie an implied confession that
+Teufelsdrockh himself, besides his outward obstructions, had an inward,
+still greater, to contend with; namely, a certain temporary, youthful, yet
+still afflictive derangement of head?  Alas, on the former side alone, his
+case was hard enough.  "It continues ever true," says he, "that Saturn, or
+Chronos, or what we call TIME, devours all his Children:  only by incessant
+Running, by incessant Working, may you (for some threescore-and-ten years)
+escape him; and you too he devours at last.  Can any Sovereign, or Holy
+Alliance of Sovereigns, bid Time stand still; even in thought, shake
+themselves free of Time?  Our whole terrestrial being is based on Time, and
+built of Time; it is wholly a Movement, a Time-impulse; Time is the author
+of it, the material of it.  Hence also our Whole Duty, which is to move, to
+work,--in the right direction.  Are not our Bodies and our Souls in
+continual movement, whether we will or not; in a continual Waste, requiring
+a continual Repair?  Utmost satisfaction of our whole outward and inward
+Wants were but satisfaction for a space of Time; thus, whatso we have done,
+is done, and for us annihilated, and ever must we go and do anew.  O
+Time-Spirit, how hast thou environed and imprisoned us, and sunk us so deep
+in thy troublous dim Time-Element, that only in lucid moments can so much
+as glimpses of our upper Azure Home be revealed to us!  Me, however, as a
+Son of Time, unhappier than some others, was Time threatening to eat quite
+prematurely; for, strive as I might, there was no good Running, so
+obstructed was the path, so gyved were the feet."  That is to say, we
+presume, speaking in the dialect of this lower world, that Teufelsdrockh's
+whole duty and necessity was, like other men's, "to work,--in the right
+direction," and that no work was to be had; whereby he became wretched
+enough.  As was natural:  with haggard Scarcity threatening him in the
+distance; and so vehement a soul languishing in restless inaction, and
+forced thereby, like Sir Hudibras's sword by rust,
+
+     "To eat into itself, for lack
+     Of something else to hew and hack;"
+
+But on the whole, that same "excellent Passivity," as it has all along
+done, is here again vigorously flourishing; in which circumstance may we
+not trace the beginnings of much that now characterizes our Professor and
+perhaps, in faint rudiments, the origin of the Clothes-Philosophy itself?
+Already the attitude he has assumed towards the World is too defensive;
+not, as would have been desirable, a bold attitude of attack.  "So far
+hitherto," he says, "as I had mingled with mankind, I was notable, if for
+anything, for a certain stillness of manner, which, as my friends often
+rebukingly declared, did but ill express the keen ardor of my feelings.  I,
+in truth, regarded men with an excess both of love and of fear.  The
+mystery of a Person, indeed, is ever divine to him that has a sense for the
+Godlike.  Often, notwithstanding, was I blamed, and by half-strangers
+hated, for my so-called Hardness (_Harte_), my Indifferentism towards men;
+and the seemingly ironic tone I had adopted, as my favorite dialect in
+conversation.  Alas, the panoply of Sarcasm was but as a buckram case,
+wherein I had striven to envelop myself; that so my own poor Person might
+live safe there, and in all friendliness, being no longer exasperated by
+wounds.  Sarcasm I now see to be, in general, the language of the Devil;
+for which reason I have long since as good as renounced it.  But how many
+individuals did I, in those days, provoke into some degree of hostility
+thereby!  An ironic man, with his sly stillness, and ambuscading ways, more
+especially an ironic young man, from whom it is least expected, may be
+viewed as a pest to society.  Have we not seen persons of weight and name
+coming forward, with gentlest indifference, to tread such a one out of
+sight, as an insignificancy and worm, start ceiling-high (_balkenhock_),
+and thence fall shattered and supine, to be borne home on shutters, not
+without indignation, when he proved electric and a torpedo!"
+
+Alas, how can a man with this devilishness of temper make way for himself
+in Life; where the first problem, as Teufelsdrockh too admits, is "to unite
+yourself with some one, and with somewhat (_sich anzuschliessen_)"?
+Division, not union, is written on most part of his procedure.  Let us add
+too that, in no great length of time, the only important connection he had
+ever succeeded in forming, his connection with the Zahdarm Family, seems to
+have been paralyzed, for all practical uses, by the death of the "not
+uncholeric" old Count.  This fact stands recorded, quite incidentally, in a
+certain _Discourse on Epitaphs_, huddled into the present Bag, among so
+much else; of which Essay the learning and curious penetration are more to
+be approved of than the spirit.  His grand principle is, that lapidary
+inscriptions, of what sort soever, should be Historical rather than
+Lyrical.  "By request of that worthy Nobleman's survivors," says he, "I
+undertook to compose his Epitaph; and not unmindful of my own rules,
+produced the following; which however, for an alleged defect of Latinity, a
+defect never yet fully visible to myself, still remains
+unengraven;"--wherein, we may predict, there is more than the Latinity that
+will surprise an English reader:
+
+     HIC JACET
+     PHILIPPUS ZAEHDARM, COGNOMINE MAGNUS,
+     ZAEHDARMI COMES,
+     EX IMPERII CONCILIO,
+     VELLERIS AUREI, PERISCELIDIS, NECNON VULTURIS NIGRI
+     EQUES.
+     QUI DUM SUB LUNA AGEBAT,
+     QUINQUIES MILLE PERDICES
+     PLUMBO CONFECIT:
+     VARII CIBI
+     CENTUMPONDIA MILLIES CENTENA MILLIA,
+     PER SE, PERQUE SERVOS QUADRUPEDES BIPEDESVE,
+     HAUD SINE TUMULT DEVOLVENS,
+     IN STERCUS
+     PALAM CONVERTIT.
+     NUNC A LABORE REQUIESCENTEM
+     OPERA SEQUUNTUR.
+     SI MONUMENTUM QUAERIS,
+     FIMETUM ADSPICE.
+     PRIMUM IN ORBE DEJECIT [_sub dato_]; POSTREMUM [_sub dato_].
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+ROMANCE.
+
+"For long years," writes Teufelsdrockh, "had the poor Hebrew, in this Egypt
+of an Auscultatorship, painfully toiled, baking bricks without stubble,
+before ever the question once struck him with entire force:  For
+what?--_Beym Himmel_!  For Food and Warmth!  And are Food and Warmth
+nowhere else, in the whole wide Universe, discoverable?--Come of it what
+might, I resolved to try."
+
+Thus then are we to see him in a new independent capacity, though perhaps
+far from an improved one.  Teufelsdrockh is now a man without Profession.
+Quitting the common Fleet of herring-busses and whalers, where indeed his
+leeward, laggard condition was painful enough, he desperately steers off,
+on a course of his own, by sextant and compass of his own.  Unhappy
+Teufelsdrockh!  Though neither Fleet, nor Traffic, nor Commodores pleased
+thee, still was it not _a Fleet_, sailing in prescribed track, for fixed
+objects; above all, in combination, wherein, by mutual guidance, by all
+manner of loans and borrowings, each could manifoldly aid the other?  How
+wilt thou sail in unknown seas; and for thyself find that shorter Northwest
+Passage to thy fair Spice-country of a Nowhere?--A solitary rover, on such
+a voyage, with such nautical tactics, will meet with adventures.  Nay, as
+we forthwith discover, a certain Calypso-Island detains him at the very
+outset; and as it were falsifies and oversets his whole reckoning.
+
+"If in youth," writes he once, "the Universe is majestically unveiling, and
+everywhere Heaven revealing itself on Earth, nowhere to the Young Man does
+this Heaven on Earth so immediately reveal itself as in the Young Maiden.
+Strangely enough, in this strange life of ours, it has been so appointed.
+On the whole, as I have often said, a Person (_Personlichkeit_) is ever
+holy to us; a certain orthodox Anthropomorphism connects my _Me_ with all
+_Thees_ in bonds of Love:  but it is in this approximation of the Like and
+Unlike, that such heavenly attraction, as between Negative and Positive,
+first burns out into a flame.  Is the pitifullest mortal Person, think you,
+indifferent to us?  Is it not rather our heartfelt wish to be made one with
+him; to unite him to us, by gratitude, by admiration, even by fear; or
+failing all these, unite ourselves to him?  But how much more, in this case
+of the Like-Unlike!  Here is conceded us the higher mystic possibility of
+such a union, the highest in our Earth; thus, in the conducting medium of
+Fantasy, flames forth that fire-development of the universal Spiritual
+Electricity, which, as unfolded between man and woman, we first
+emphatically denominate LOVE.
+
+"In every well-conditioned stripling, as I conjecture, there already blooms
+a certain prospective Paradise, cheered by some fairest Eve; nor, in the
+stately vistas, and flowerage and foliage of that Garden, is a Tree of
+Knowledge, beautiful and awful in the midst thereof, wanting.  Perhaps too
+the whole is but the lovelier, if Cherubim and a Flaming Sword divide it
+from all footsteps of men; and grant him, the imaginative stripling, only
+the view, not the entrance.  Happy season of virtuous youth, when shame is
+still an impassable celestial barrier; and the sacred air-cities of Hope
+have not shrunk into the mean clay-hamlets of Reality; and man, by his
+nature, is yet infinite and free!
+
+"As for our young Forlorn," continues Teufelsdrockh evidently meaning
+himself, "in his secluded way of life, and with his glowing Fantasy, the
+more fiery that it burnt under cover, as in a reverberating furnace, his
+feeling towards the Queens of this Earth was, and indeed is, altogether
+unspeakable.  A visible Divinity dwelt in them; to our young Friend all
+women were holy, were heavenly.  As yet he but saw them flitting past, in
+their many-colored angel-plumage; or hovering mute and inaccessible on the
+outskirts of _AEsthetic Tea_:  all of air they were, all Soul and Form; so
+lovely, like mysterious priestesses, in whose hand was the invisible
+Jacob's-ladder, whereby man might mount into very Heaven.  That he, our
+poor Friend, should ever win for himself one of these Gracefuls
+(_Holden_)--_Ach Gott_!  how could he hope it; should he not have died
+under it?  There was a certain delirious vertigo in the thought.
+
+"Thus was the young man, if all-sceptical of Demons and Angels such as the
+vulgar had once believed in, nevertheless not unvisited by hosts of true
+Sky-born, who visibly and audibly hovered round him wheresoever he went;
+and they had that religious worship in his thought, though as yet it was by
+their mere earthly and trivial name that he named them.  But now, if on a
+soul so circumstanced, some actual Air-maiden, incorporated into
+tangibility and reality, should cast any electric glance of kind eyes,
+saying thereby, 'Thou too mayest love and be loved;' and so kindle
+him,--good Heaven, what a volcanic, earthquake-bringing, all-consuming fire
+were probably kindled!"
+
+Such a fire, it afterwards appears, did actually burst forth, with
+explosions more or less Vesuvian, in the inner man of Herr Diogenes; as
+indeed how could it fail?  A nature, which, in his own figurative style, we
+might say, had now not a little carbonized tinder, of Irritability; with so
+much nitre of latent Passion, and sulphurous Humor enough; the whole lying
+in such hot neighborhood, close by "a reverberating furnace of Fantasy:"
+have we not here the components of driest Gunpowder, ready, on occasion of
+the smallest spark, to blaze up?  Neither, in this our Life-element, are
+sparks anywhere wanting.  Without doubt, some Angel, whereof so many
+hovered round, would one day, leaving "the outskirts of _AEsthetic Tea_,"
+flit higher; and, by electric Promethean glance, kindle no despicable
+firework.  Happy, if it indeed proved a Firework, and flamed off
+rocket-wise, in successive beautiful bursts of splendor, each growing
+naturally from the other, through the several stages of a happy Youthful
+Love; till the whole were safely burnt out; and the young soul relieved
+with little damage!  Happy, if it did not rather prove a Conflagration and
+mad Explosion; painfully lacerating the heart itself; nay perhaps bursting
+the heart in pieces (which were Death); or at best, bursting the thin walls
+of your "reverberating furnace," so that it rage thenceforth all unchecked
+among the contiguous combustibles (which were Madness):  till of the so
+fair and manifold internal world of our Diogenes, there remained Nothing,
+or only the "crater of an extinct volcano"!
+
+From multifarious Documents in this Bag _Capricornus_, and in the adjacent
+ones on both sides thereof, it becomes manifest that our philosopher, as
+stoical and cynical as he now looks, was heartily and even frantically in
+Love:  here therefore may our old doubts whether his heart were of stone or
+of flesh give way.  He loved once; not wisely but too well.  And once only:
+for as your Congreve needs a new case or wrappage for every new rocket, so
+each human heart can properly exhibit but one Love, if even one; the "First
+Love which is infinite" can be followed by no second like unto it.  In more
+recent years, accordingly, the Editor of these Sheets was led to regard
+Teufelsdrockh as a man not only who would never wed, but who would never
+even flirt; whom the grand-climacteric itself, and _St. Martin's Summer_ of
+incipient Dotage, would crown with no new myrtle-garland.  To the
+Professor, women are henceforth Pieces of Art; of Celestial Art, indeed,
+which celestial pieces he glories to survey in galleries, but has lost
+thought of purchasing.
+
+Psychological readers are not without curiosity to see how Teufelsdrockh in
+this for him unexampled predicament, demeans himself; with what specialties
+of successive configuration, splendor and color, his Firework blazes off.
+Small, as usual, is the satisfaction that such can meet with here.  From
+amid these confused masses of Eulogy and Elegy, with their mad Petrarchan
+and Werterean ware lying madly scattered among all sorts of quite
+extraneous matter, not so much as the fair one's name can be deciphered.
+For, without doubt, the title _Blumine_, whereby she is here designated,
+and which means simply Goddess of Flowers, must be fictitious.  Was her
+real name Flora, then?  But what was her surname, or had she none?  Of what
+station in Life was she; of what parentage, fortune, aspect?  Specially, by
+what Pre-established Harmony of occurrences did the Lover and the Loved
+meet one another in so wide a world; how did they behave in such meeting?
+To all which questions, not unessential in a Biographic work, mere
+Conjecture must for most part return answer.  "It was appointed," says our
+Philosopher, "that the high celestial orbit of Blumine should intersect the
+low sublunary one of our Forlorn; that he, looking in her empyrean eyes,
+should fancy the upper Sphere of Light was come down into this nether
+sphere of Shadows; and finding himself mistaken, make noise enough."
+
+We seem to gather that she was young, hazel-eyed, beautiful, and some one's
+Cousin; high-born, and of high spirit; but unhappily dependent and
+insolvent; living, perhaps, on the not too gracious bounty of moneyed
+relatives.  But how came "the Wanderer" into her circle?  Was it by the
+humid vehicle of _AEsthetic Tea_, or by the arid one of mere Business?  Was
+it on the hand of Herr Towgood; or of the Gnadige Frau, who, as an
+ornamental Artist, might sometimes like to promote flirtation, especially
+for young cynical Nondescripts?  To all appearance, it was chiefly by
+Accident, and the grace of Nature.
+
+"Thou fair Waldschloss," writes our Autobiographer, "what stranger ever saw
+thee, were it even an absolved Auscultator, officially bearing in his
+pocket the last _Relatio ex Actis_ he would ever write, but must have
+paused to wonder!  Noble Mansion!  There stoodest thou, in deep Mountain
+Amphitheatre, on umbrageous lawns, in thy serene solitude; stately,
+massive, all of granite; glittering in the western sunbeams, like a palace
+of El Dorado, overlaid with precious metal.  Beautiful rose up, in wavy
+curvature, the slope of thy guardian Hills; of the greenest was their
+sward, embossed with its dark-brown frets of crag, or spotted by some
+spreading solitary Tree and its shadow.  To the unconscious Wayfarer thou
+wert also as an Ammon's Temple, in the Libyan Waste; where, for joy and
+woe, the tablet of his Destiny lay written.  Well might he pause and gaze;
+in that glance of his were prophecy and nameless forebodings."
+
+But now let us conjecture that the so presentient Auscultator has handed in
+his _Relatio ex Actis_; been invited to a glass of Rhine-wine; and so,
+instead of returning dispirited and athirst to his dusty Town-home, is
+ushered into the Garden-house, where sit the choicest party of dames and
+cavaliers:  if not engaged in AEsthetic Tea, yet in trustful evening
+conversation, and perhaps Musical Coffee, for we hear of "harps and pure
+voices making the stillness live."  Scarcely, it would seem, is the
+Garden-house inferior in respectability to the noble Mansion itself.
+"Embowered amid rich foliage, rose-clusters, and the hues and odors of
+thousand flowers, here sat that brave company; in front, from the
+wide-opened doors, fair outlook over blossom and bush, over grove and
+velvet green, stretching, undulating onwards to the remote Mountain peaks:
+so bright, so mild, and everywhere the melody of birds and happy creatures:
+it was all as if man had stolen a shelter from the SUIT in the
+bosom-vesture of Summer herself.  How came it that the Wanderer advanced
+thither with such forecasting heart (_ahndungsvoll_), by the side of his
+gay host?  Did he feel that to these soft influences his hard bosom ought
+to be shut; that here, once more, Fate had it in view to try him; to mock
+him, and see whether there were Humor in him?
+
+"Next moment he finds himself presented to the party; and especially by
+name to--Blumine!  Peculiar among all dames and damosels glanced Blumine,
+there in her modesty, like a star among earthly lights.  Noblest maiden!
+whom he bent to, in body and in soul; yet scarcely dared look at, for the
+presence filled him with painful yet sweetest embarrassment.
+
+"Blumine's was a name well known to him; far and wide was the fair one
+heard of, for her gifts, her graces, her caprices:  from all which vague
+colorings of Rumor, from the censures no less than from the praises, had
+our friend painted for himself a certain imperious Queen of Hearts, and
+blooming warm Earth-angel, much more enchanting than your mere white
+Heaven-angels of women, in whose placid veins circulates too little
+naphtha-fire.  Herself also he had seen in public places; that light yet so
+stately form; those dark tresses, shading a face where smiles and sunlight
+played over earnest deeps:  but all this he had seen only as a magic
+vision, for him inaccessible, almost without reality.  Her sphere was too
+far from his; how should she ever think of him; O Heaven! how should they
+so much as once meet together?  And now that Rose-goddess sits in the same
+circle with him; the light of _her_ eyes has smiled on him; if he speak,
+she will hear it!  Nay, who knows, since the heavenly Sun looks into lowest
+valleys, but Blumine herself might have aforetime noted the so unnotable;
+perhaps, from his very gainsayers, as he had from hers, gathered wonder,
+gathered favor for him?  Was the attraction, the agitation mutual, then;
+pole and pole trembling towards contact, when once brought into
+neighborhood?  Say rather, heart swelling in presence of the Queen of
+Hearts; like the Sea swelling when once near its Moon!  With the Wanderer
+it was even so:  as in heavenward gravitation, suddenly as at the touch of
+a Seraph's wand, his whole soul is roused from its deepest recesses; and
+all that was painful and that was blissful there, dim images, vague
+feelings of a whole Past and a whole Future, are heaving in unquiet eddies
+within him.
+
+"Often, in far less agitating scenes, had our still Friend shrunk forcibly
+together; and shrouded up his tremors and flutterings, of what sort soever,
+in a safe cover of Silence, and perhaps of seeming Stolidity.  How was it,
+then, that here, when trembling to the core of his heart, he did not sink
+into swoons, but rose into strength, into fearlessness and clearness?  It
+was his guiding Genius (_Damon_) that inspired him; he must go forth and
+meet his Destiny.  Show thyself now, whispered it, or be forever hid.  Thus
+sometimes it is even when your anxiety becomes transcendental, that the
+soul first feels herself able to transcend it; that she rises above it, in
+fiery victory; and borne on new-found wings of victory, moves so calmly,
+even because so rapidly, so irresistibly.  Always must the Wanderer
+remember, with a certain satisfaction and surprise, how in this case he sat
+not silent but struck adroitly into the stream of conversation; which
+thenceforth, to speak with an apparent not a real vanity, he may say that
+he continued to lead.  Surely, in those hours, a certain inspiration was
+imparted him, such inspiration as is still possible in our late era.  The
+self-secluded unfolds himself in noble thoughts, in free, glowing words;
+his soul is as one sea of light, the peculiar home of Truth and Intellect;
+wherein also Fantasy bodies forth form after form, radiant with all
+prismatic hues."
+
+It appears, in this otherwise so happy meeting, there talked one
+"Philisitine;" who even now, to the general weariness, was dominantly
+pouring forth Philistinism (_Philistriositaten_.); little witting what hero
+was here entering to demolish him!  We omit the series of Socratic, or
+rather Diogenic utterances, not unhappy in their way, whereby the monster,
+"persuaded into silence," seems soon after to have withdrawn for the night.
+"Of which dialectic marauder," writes our hero, "the discomfiture was
+visibly felt as a benefit by most:  but what were all applauses to the glad
+smile, threatening every moment to become a laugh, wherewith Blumine
+herself repaid the victor?  He ventured to address her she answered with
+attention:  nay what if there were a slight tremor in that silver voice;
+what if the red glow of evening were hiding a transient blush!
+
+"The conversation took a higher tone, one fine thought called forth
+another:  it was one of those rare seasons, when the soul expands with full
+freedom, and man feels himself brought near to man.  Gayly in light,
+graceful abandonment, the friendly talk played round that circle; for the
+burden was rolled from every heart; the barriers of Ceremony, which are
+indeed the laws of polite living, had melted as into vapor; and the poor
+claims of _Me_ and _Thee_, no longer parted by rigid fences, now flowed
+softly into one another; and Life lay all harmonious, many-tinted, like
+some fair royal champaign, the sovereign and owner of which were Love only.
+Such music springs from kind hearts, in a kind environment of place and
+time.  And yet as the light grew more aerial on the mountaintops, and the
+shadows fell longer over the valley, some faint tone of sadness may have
+breathed through the heart; and, in whispers more or less audible, reminded
+every one that as this bright day was drawing towards its close, so
+likewise must the Day of Man's Existence decline into dust and darkness;
+and with all its sick toilings, and joyful and mournful noises, sink in the
+still Eternity.
+
+"To our Friend the hours seemed moments; holy was he and happy:  the words
+from those sweetest lips came over him like dew on thirsty grass; all
+better feelings in his soul seemed to whisper, It is good for us to be
+here.  At parting, the Blumine's hand was in his:  in the balmy twilight,
+with the kind stars above them, he spoke something of meeting again, which
+was not contradicted; he pressed gently those small soft fingers, and it
+seemed as if they were not hastily, not angrily withdrawn."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh! it is clear to demonstration thou art smit:  the Queen
+of Hearts would see a "man of genius" also sigh for her; and there, by
+art-magic, in that preternatural hour, has she bound and spell-bound thee.
+"Love is not altogether a Delirium," says he elsewhere; "yet has it many
+points in common therewith.  I call it rather a discerning of the Infinite
+in the Finite, of the Idea made Real; which discerning again may be either
+true or false, either seraphic or demoniac, Inspiration or Insanity.  But
+in the former case too, as in common Madness, it is Fantasy that superadds
+itself to sight; on the so petty domain of the Actual plants its
+Archimedes-lever, whereby to move at will the infinite Spiritual.  Fantasy
+I might call the true Heaven-gate and Hell-gate of man:  his sensuous life
+is but the small temporary stage (_Zeitbuhne_), whereon thick-streaming
+influences from both these far yet near regions meet visibly, and act
+tragedy and melodrama.  Sense can support herself handsomely, in most
+countries, for some eighteenpence a day; but for Fantasy planets and
+solar-systems will not suffice.  Witness your Pyrrhus conquering the world,
+yet drinking no better red wine than he had before."  Alas! witness also
+your Diogenes, flame-clad, scaling the upper Heaven, and verging towards
+Insanity, for prize of a "high-souled Brunette," as if the Earth held but
+one and not several of these!
+
+He says that, in Town, they met again:  "day after day, like his heart's
+sun, the blooming Blumine shone on him.  Ah! a little while ago, and he was
+yet in all darkness:  him what Graceful (_Holde_) would ever love?
+Disbelieving all things, the poor youth had never learned to believe in
+himself.  Withdrawn, in proud timidity, within his own fastnesses; solitary
+from men, yet baited by night-spectres enough, he saw himself, with a sad
+indignation, constrained to renounce the fairest hopes of existence.  And
+now, O now!  'She looks on thee,' cried he:  'she the fairest, noblest; do
+not her dark eyes tell thee, thou art not despised?  The
+Heaven's-Messenger!  All Heaven's blessings be hers!'  Thus did soft
+melodies flow through his heart; tones of an infinite gratitude; sweetest
+intimations that he also was a man, that for him also unutterable joys had
+been provided.
+
+"In free speech, earnest or gay, amid lambent glances, laughter, tears, and
+often with the inarticulate mystic speech of Music:  such was the element
+they now lived in; in such a many-tinted, radiant Aurora, and by this
+fairest of Orient Light-bringers must our Friend be blandished, and the new
+Apocalypse of Nature enrolled to him.  Fairest Blumine!  And, even as a
+Star, all Fire and humid Softness, a very Light-ray incarnate!  Was there
+so much as a fault, a 'caprice,' he could have dispensed with?  Was she not
+to him in very deed a Morning-star; did not her presence bring with it airs
+from Heaven?  As from AEolian Harps in the breath of dawn, as from the
+Memnon's Statue struck by the rosy finger of Aurora, unearthly music was
+around him, and lapped him into untried balmy Rest.  Pale Doubt fled away
+to the distance; Life bloomed up with happiness and hope.  The past, then,
+was all a haggard dream; he had been in the Garden of Eden, then, and could
+not discern it!  But lo now! the black walls of his prison melt away; the
+captive is alive, is free.  If he loved his Disenchantress?  _Ach Gott_!
+His whole heart and soul and life were hers, but never had he named it
+Love:  existence was all a Feeling, not yet shaped into a Thought."
+
+Nevertheless, into a Thought, nay into an Action, it must be shaped; for
+neither Disenchanter nor Disenchantress, mere "Children of Time," can abide
+by Feeling alone.  The Professor knows not, to this day, "how in her soft,
+fervid bosom the Lovely found determination, even on hest of Necessity, to
+cut asunder these so blissful bonds."  He even appears surprised at the
+"Duenna Cousin," whoever she may have been, "in whose meagre hunger-bitten
+philosophy, the religion of young hearts was, from the first, faintly
+approved of."  We, even at such distance, can explain it without
+necromancy.  Let the Philosopher answer this one question:  What figure, at
+that period, was a Mrs. Teufelsdrockh likely to make in polished society?
+Could she have driven so much as a brass-bound Gig, or even a simple
+iron-spring one?  Thou foolish "absolved Auscultator," before whom lies no
+prospect of capital, will any yet known "religion of young hearts" keep the
+human kitchen warm?  Pshaw! thy divine Blumine, when she "resigned herself
+to wed some richer," shows more philosophy, though but "a woman of genius,"
+than thou, a pretended man.
+
+Our readers have witnessed the origin of this Love-mania, and with what
+royal splendor it waxes, and rises.  Let no one ask us to unfold the
+glories of its dominant state; much less the horrors of its almost
+instantaneous dissolution.  How from such inorganic masses, henceforth
+madder than ever, as lie in these Bags, can even fragments of a living
+delineation be organized?  Besides, of what profit were it?  We view, with
+a lively pleasure, the gay silk Montgolfier start from the ground, and
+shoot upwards, cleaving the liquid deeps, till it dwindle to a luminous
+star:  but what is there to look longer on, when once, by natural
+elasticity, or accident of fire, it has exploded?  A hapless air-navigator,
+plunging, amid torn parachutes, sand-bags, and confused wreck, fast enough
+into the jaws of the Devil!  Suffice it to know that Teufelsdrockh rose
+into the highest regions of the Empyrean, by a natural parabolic track, and
+returned thence in a quick perpendicular one.  For the rest, let any
+feeling reader, who has been unhappy enough to do the like, paint it out
+for himself:  considering only that if he, for his perhaps comparatively
+insignificant mistress, underwent such agonies and frenzies, what must
+Teufelsdrockh's have been, with a fire-heart, and for a nonpareil Blumine!
+We glance merely at the final scene:--
+
+"One morning, he found his Morning-star all dimmed and dusky-red; the fair
+creature was silent, absent, she seemed to have been weeping.  Alas, no
+longer a Morning-star, but a troublous skyey Portent, announcing that the
+Doomsday had dawned!  She said, in a tremulous voice, They were to meet no
+more."  The thunder-struck Air-sailor is not wanting to himself in this
+dread hour:  but what avails it?  We omit the passionate expostulations,
+entreaties, indignations, since all was vain, and not even an explanation
+was conceded him; and hasten to the catastrophe.  "'Farewell, then, Madam!'
+said he, not without sternness, for his stung pride helped him.  She put
+her hand in his, she looked in his face, tears started to her eyes; in wild
+audacity he clasped her to his bosom; their lips were joined, their two
+souls, like two dew-drops, rushed into one,--for the first time and for the
+last!"  Thus was Teufelsdrockh made immortal by a kiss.  And then?  Why,
+then--"thick curtains of Night rushed over his soul, as rose the
+immeasurable Crash of Doom; and through the ruins as of a shivered Universe
+was he falling, falling, towards the Abyss."
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+SORROWS OF TEUFELSDROCKH.
+
+We have long felt that, with a man like our Professor, matters must often
+be expected to take a course of their own; that in so multiplex, intricate
+a nature, there might be channels, both for admitting and emitting, such as
+the Psychologist had seldom noted; in short, that on no grand occasion and
+convulsion, neither in the joy-storm nor in the woe-storm could you predict
+his demeanor.
+
+To our less philosophical readers, for example, it is now clear that the so
+passionate Teufelsdrockh precipitated through "a shivered Universe" in this
+extraordinary way, has only one of three things which he can next do:
+Establish himself in Bedlam; begin writing Satanic Poetry; or blow out his
+brains.  In the progress towards any of which consummations, do not such
+readers anticipate extravagance enough; breast-beating, brow-beating
+(against walls), lion-bellowings of blasphemy and the like, stampings,
+smitings, breakages of furniture, if not arson itself?
+
+Nowise so does Teufelsdrockh deport him.  He quietly lifts his _Pilgerstab_
+(Pilgrim-staff), "old business being soon wound up;" and begins a
+perambulation and circumambulation of the terraqueous Globe!  Curious it
+is, indeed, how with such vivacity of conception, such intensity of
+feeling, above all, with these unconscionable habits of Exaggeration in
+speech, he combines that wonderful stillness of his, that stoicism in
+external procedure.  Thus, if his sudden bereavement, in this matter of the
+Flower-goddess, is talked of as a real Doomsday and Dissolution of Nature,
+in which light doubtless it partly appeared to himself, his own nature is
+nowise dissolved thereby; but rather is compressed closer.  For once, as we
+might say, a Blumine by magic appliances has unlocked that shut heart of
+his, and its hidden things rush out tumultuous, boundless, like genii
+enfranchised from their glass vial:  but no sooner are your magic
+appliances withdrawn, than the strange casket of a heart springs to again;
+and perhaps there is now no key extant that will open it; for a
+Teufelsdrockh as we remarked, will not love a second time.  Singular
+Diogenes!  No sooner has that heart-rending occurrence fairly taken place,
+than he affects to regard it as a thing natural, of which there is nothing
+more to be said.  "One highest hope, seemingly legible in the eyes of an
+Angel, had recalled him as out of Death-shadows into celestial Life:  but a
+gleam of Tophet passed over the face of his Angel; he was rapt away in
+whirlwinds, and heard the laughter of Demons.  It was a Calenture," adds
+he, "whereby the Youth saw green Paradise-groves in the waste Ocean-waters:
+a lying vision, yet not wholly a lie, for _he_ saw it."  But what things
+soever passed in him, when he ceased to see it; what ragings and
+despairings soever Teufelsdrockh's soul was the scene of, he has the
+goodness to conceal under a quite opaque cover of Silence.  We know it
+well; the first mad paroxysm past, our brave Gneschen collected his
+dismembered philosophies, and buttoned himself together; he was meek,
+silent, or spoke of the weather and the Journals:  only by a transient
+knitting of those shaggy brows, by some deep flash of those eyes, glancing
+one knew not whether with tear-dew or with fierce fire,--might you have
+guessed what a Gehenna was within:  that a whole Satanic School were
+spouting, though inaudibly, there.  To consume your own choler, as some
+chimneys consume their own smoke; to keep a whole Satanic School spouting,
+if it must spout, inaudibly, is a negative yet no slight virtue, nor one of
+the commonest in these times.
+
+Nevertheless, we will not take upon us to say, that in the strange measure
+he fell upon, there was not a touch of latent Insanity; whereof indeed the
+actual condition of these Documents in _Capricornus_ and _Aquarius is_ no
+bad emblem.  His so unlimited Wanderings, toilsome enough, are without
+assigned or perhaps assignable aim; internal Unrest seems his sole
+guidance; he wanders, wanders, as if that curse of the Prophet had fallen
+on him, and he were "made like unto a wheel."  Doubtless, too, the chaotic
+nature of these Paper-bags aggravates our obscurity.  Quite without note of
+preparation, for example, we come upon the following slip:  "A peculiar
+feeling it is that will rise in the Traveller, when turning some hill-range
+in his desert road, he descries lying far below, embosomed among its groves
+and green natural bulwarks, and all diminished to a toy-box, the fair Town,
+where so many souls, as it were seen and yet unseen, are driving their
+multifarious traffic.  Its white steeple is then truly a starward-pointing
+finger; the canopy of blue smoke seems like a sort of Lifebreath:  for
+always, of its own unity, the soul gives unity to whatsoever it looks on
+with love; thus does the little Dwelling-place of men, in itself a
+congeries of houses and huts, become for us an individual, almost a person.
+But what thousand other thoughts unite thereto, if the place has to
+ourselves been the arena of joyous or mournful experiences; if perhaps the
+cradle we were rocked in still stands there, if our Loving ones still dwell
+there, if our Buried ones there slumber!"  Does Teufelsdrockh as the
+wounded eagle is said to make for its own eyrie, and indeed military
+deserters, and all hunted outcast creatures, turn as if by instinct in the
+direction of their birthland,--fly first, in this extremity, towards his
+native Entepfuhl; but reflecting that there no help awaits him, take only
+one wistful look from the distance, and then wend elsewhither?
+
+Little happier seems to be his next flight:  into the wilds of Nature; as
+if in her mother-bosom he would seek healing.  So at least we incline to
+interpret the following Notice, separated from the former by some
+considerable space, wherein, however, is nothing noteworthy:--
+
+"Mountains were not new to him; but rarely are Mountains seen in such
+combined majesty and grace as here.  The rocks are of that sort called
+Primitive by the mineralogists, which always arrange themselves in masses
+of a rugged, gigantic character; which ruggedness, however, is here
+tempered by a singular airiness of form, and softness of environment:  in a
+climate favorable to vegetation, the gray cliff, itself covered with
+lichens, shoots up through a garment of foliage or verdure; and white,
+bright cottages, tree-shaded, cluster round the everlasting granite.  In
+fine vicissitude, Beauty alternates with Grandeur:  you ride through stony
+hollows, along strait passes, traversed by torrents, overhung by high walls
+of rock; now winding amid broken shaggy chasms, and huge fragments; now
+suddenly emerging into some emerald valley, where the streamlet collects
+itself into a Lake, and man has again found a fair dwelling, and it seems
+as if Peace had established herself in the bosom of Strength.
+
+"To Peace, however, in this vortex of existence, can the Son of Time not
+pretend:  still less if some Spectre haunt him from the Past; and the
+Future is wholly a Stygian Darkness, spectre-bearing.  Reasonably might the
+Wanderer exclaim to himself:  Are not the gates of this world's happiness
+inexorably shut against thee; hast thou a hope that is not mad?
+Nevertheless, one may still murmur audibly, or in the original Greek if
+that suit thee better:  'Whoso can look on Death will start at no shadows.'
+
+"From such meditations is the Wanderer's attention called outwards; for now
+the Valley closes in abruptly, intersected by a huge mountain mass, the
+stony water-worn ascent of which is not to be accomplished on horseback.
+Arrived aloft, he finds himself again lifted into the evening sunset light;
+and cannot but pause, and gaze round him, some moments there.  An upland
+irregular expanse of wold, where valleys in complex branchings are suddenly
+or slowly arranging their descent towards every quarter of the sky.  The
+mountain-ranges are beneath your feet, and folded together:  only the
+loftier summits look down here and there as on a second plain; lakes also
+lie clear and earnest in their solitude.  No trace of man now visible;
+unless indeed it were he who fashioned that little visible link of Highway,
+here, as would seem, scaling the inaccessible, to unite Province with
+Province.  But sunwards, lo you! how it towers sheer up, a world of
+Mountains, the diadem and centre of the mountain region!  A hundred and a
+hundred savage peaks, in the last light of Day; all glowing, of gold and
+amethyst, like giant spirits of the wilderness; there in their silence, in
+their solitude, even as on the night when Noah's Deluge first dried!
+Beautiful, nay solemn, was the sudden aspect to our Wanderer.  He gazed
+over those stupendous masses with wonder, almost with longing desire; never
+till this hour had he known Nature, that she was One, that she was his
+Mother and divine.  And as the ruddy glow was fading into clearness in the
+sky, and the Sun had now departed, a murmur of Eternity and Immensity, of
+Death and of Life, stole through his soul; and he felt as if Death and Life
+were one, as if the Earth were not dead, as if the Spirit of the Earth had
+its throne in that splendor, and his own spirit were therewith holding
+communion.
+
+"The spell was broken by a sound of carriage-wheels.  Emerging from the
+hidden Northward, to sink soon into the hidden Southward, came a gay
+Barouche-and-four:  it was open; servants and postilions wore wedding
+favors:  that happy pair, then, had found each other, it was their marriage
+evening!  Few moments brought them near:  _Du Himmel_!  It was Herr Towgood
+and--Blumine!  With slight unrecognizing salutation they passed me; plunged
+down amid the neighboring thickets, onwards, to Heaven, and to England; and
+I, in my friend Richter's words, _I remained alone, behind them, with the
+Night_."
+
+Were it not cruel in these circumstances, here might be the place to insert
+an observation, gleaned long ago from the great _Clothes-Volume_, where it
+stands with quite other intent:  "Some time before Small-pox was
+extirpated," says the Professor, "there came a new malady of the spiritual
+sort on Europe:  I mean the epidemic, now endemical, of View-hunting.
+Poets of old date, being privileged with Senses, had also enjoyed external
+Nature; but chiefly as we enjoy the crystal cup which holds good or bad
+liquor for us; that is to say, in silence, or with slight incidental
+commentary:  never, as I compute, till after the _Sorrows of Werter_, was
+there man found who would say:  Come let us make a Description!  Having
+drunk the liquor, come let us eat the glass!  Of which endemic the Jenner
+is unhappily still to seek."  Too true!
+
+We reckon it more important to remark that the Professor's Wanderings, so
+far as his stoical and cynical envelopment admits us to clear insight, here
+first take their permanent character, fatuous or not.  That Basilisk-glance
+of the Barouche-and-four seems to have withered up what little remnant of a
+purpose may have still lurked in him:  Life has become wholly a dark
+labyrinth; wherein, through long years, our Friend, flying from spectres,
+has to stumble about at random, and naturally with more haste than
+progress.
+
+Foolish were it in us to attempt following him, even from afar, in this
+extraordinary world-pilgrimage of his; the simplest record of which, were
+clear record possible, would fill volumes.  Hopeless is the obscurity,
+unspeakable the confusion.  He glides from country to country, from
+condition to condition; vanishing and reappearing, no man can calculate how
+or where.  Through all quarters of the world he wanders, and apparently
+through all circles of society.  If in any scene, perhaps difficult to fix
+geographically, he settles for a time, and forms connections, be sure he
+will snap them abruptly asunder.  Let him sink out of sight as Private
+Scholar (_Privatsirender_), living by the grace of God in some European
+capital, you may next find him as Hadjee in the neighborhood of Mecca.  It
+is an inexplicable Phantasmagoria, capricious, quick-changing; as if our
+Traveller, instead of limbs and highways, had transported himself by some
+wishing-carpet, or Fortunatus' Hat.  The whole, too, imparted
+emblematically, in dim multifarious tokens (as that collection of
+Street-Advertisements); with only some touch of direct historical notice
+sparingly interspersed:  little light-islets in the world of haze!  So
+that, from this point, the Professor is more of an enigma than ever.  In
+figurative language, we might say he becomes, not indeed a spirit, yet
+spiritualized, vaporized.  Fact unparalleled in Biography:  The river of
+his History, which we have traced from its tiniest fountains, and hoped to
+see flow onward, with increasing current, into the ocean, here dashes
+itself over that terrific Lover's Leap; and, as a mad-foaming cataract,
+flies wholly into tumultuous clouds of spray!  Low down it indeed collects
+again into pools and plashes; yet only at a great distance, and with
+difficulty, if at all, into a general stream.  To cast a glance into
+certain of those pools and plashes, and trace whither they run, must, for a
+chapter or two, form the limit of our endeavor.
+
+For which end doubtless those direct historical Notices, where they can be
+met with, are the best. Nevertheless, of this sort too there occurs much,
+which, with our present light, it were questionable to emit.  Teufelsdrockh
+vibrating everywhere between the highest and the lowest levels, comes into
+contact with public History itself.  For example, those conversations and
+relations with illustrious Persons, as Sultan Mahmoud, the Emperor
+Napoleon, and others, are they not as yet rather of a diplomatic character
+than of a biographic?  The Editor, appreciating the sacredness of crowned
+heads, nay perhaps suspecting the possible trickeries of a
+Clothes-Philosopher, will eschew this province for the present; a new time
+may bring new insight and a different duty.
+
+If we ask now, not indeed with what ulterior Purpose, for there was none,
+yet with what immediate outlooks; at all events, in what mood of mind, the
+Professor undertook and prosecuted this world-pilgrimage,--the answer is
+more distinct than favorable.  "A nameless Unrest," says he, "urged me
+forward; to which the outward motion was some momentary lying solace.
+Whither should I go?  My Loadstars were blotted out; in that canopy of grim
+fire shone no star.  Yet forward must I; the ground burnt under me; there
+was no rest for the sole of my foot.  I was alone, alone!  Ever too the
+strong inward longing shaped Phantasms for itself:  towards these, one
+after the other, must I fruitlessly wander.  A feeling I had, that for my
+fever-thirst there was and must be somewhere a healing Fountain.  To many
+fondly imagined Fountains, the Saints' Wells of these days, did I pilgrim;
+to great Men, to great Cities, to great Events:  but found there no
+healing.  In strange countries, as in the well-known; in savage deserts, as
+in the press of corrupt civilization, it was ever the same:  how could your
+Wanderer escape from--_his own Shadow_?  Nevertheless still Forward!  I
+felt as if in great haste; to do I saw not what.  From the depths of my own
+heart, it called to me, Forwards!  The winds and the streams, and all
+Nature sounded to me, Forwards!  _Ach Gott_, I was even, once for all, a
+Son of Time."
+
+From which is it not clear that the internal Satanic School was still
+active enough?  He says elsewhere:  "The _Enchiridion of Epictetus_ I had
+ever with me, often as my sole rational companion; and regret to mention
+that the nourishment it yielded was trifling."  Thou foolish Teufelsdrockh
+How could it else?  Hadst thou not Greek enough to understand thus much:
+_The end of Man is an Action, and not a Thought_, though it were the
+noblest?
+
+"How I lived?" writes he once:  "Friend, hast thou considered the 'rugged
+all-nourishing Earth,' as Sophocles well names her; how she feeds the
+sparrow on the house-top, much more her darling, man?  While thou stirrest
+and livest, thou hast a probability of victual.  My breakfast of tea has
+been cooked by a Tartar woman, with water of the Amur, who wiped her
+earthen kettle with a horse-tail.  I have roasted wild eggs in the sand of
+Sahara; I have awakened in Paris _Estrapades_ and Vienna _Malzleins_, with
+no prospect of breakfast beyond elemental liquid.  That I had my Living to
+seek saved me from Dying,--by suicide.  In our busy Europe, is there not an
+everlasting demand for Intellect, in the chemical, mechanical, political,
+religious, educational, commercial departments?  In Pagan countries, cannot
+one write Fetishes?  Living!  Little knowest thou what alchemy is in an
+inventive Soul; how, as with its little finger, it can create provision
+enough for the body (of a Philosopher); and then, as with both hands,
+create quite other than provision; namely, spectres to torment itself
+withal."
+
+Poor Teufelsdrockh!  Flying with Hunger always parallel to him; and a whole
+Infernal Chase in his rear; so that the countenance of Hunger is
+comparatively a friend's!  Thus must he, in the temper of ancient Cain, or
+of the modern Wandering Jew,--save only that he feels himself not guilty
+and but suffering the pains of guilt,--wend to and fro with aimless speed.
+Thus must he, over the whole surface of the Earth (by footprints), write
+his _Sorrows of Teufelsdrockh_; even as the great Goethe, in passionate
+words, had to write his _Sorrows of Werter_, before the spirit freed
+herself, and he could become a Man.  Vain truly is the hope of your
+swiftest Runner to escape "from his own Shadow"!  Nevertheless, in these
+sick days, when the Born of Heaven first descries himself (about the age of
+twenty) in a world such as ours, richer than usual in two things, in Truths
+grown obsolete, and Trades grown obsolete,--what can the fool think but
+that it is all a Den of Lies, wherein whoso will not speak Lies and act
+Lies, must stand idle and despair?  Whereby it happens that, for your
+nobler minds, the publishing of some such Work of Art, in one or the other
+dialect, becomes almost a necessity.  For what is it properly but an
+Altercation with the Devil, before you begin honestly Fighting him?  Your
+Byron publishes his _Sorrows of Lord George_, in verse and in prose, and
+copiously otherwise:  your Bonaparte represents his _Sorrows of Napoleon_
+Opera, in an all-too stupendous style; with music of cannon-volleys, and
+murder-shrieks of a world; his stage-lights are the fires of Conflagration;
+his rhyme and recitative are the tramp of embattled Hosts and the sound of
+falling Cities.--Happier is he who, like our Clothes-Philosopher, can write
+such matter, since it must be written, on the insensible Earth, with his
+shoe-soles only; and also survive the writing thereof!
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+THE EVERLASTING NO.
+
+Under the strange nebulous envelopment, wherein our Professor has now
+shrouded himself, no doubt but his spiritual nature is nevertheless
+progressive, and growing:  for how can the "Son of Time," in any case,
+stand still?  We behold him, through those dim years, in a state of crisis,
+of transition:  his mad Pilgrimings, and general solution into aimless
+Discontinuity, what is all this but a mad Fermentation; wherefrom the
+fiercer it is, the clearer product will one day evolve itself?
+
+Such transitions are ever full of pain:  thus the Eagle when he moults is
+sickly; and, to attain his new beak, must harshly dash off the old one upon
+rocks.  What Stoicism soever our Wanderer, in his individual acts and
+motions, may affect, it is clear that there is a hot fever of anarchy and
+misery raging within; coruscations of which flash out:  as, indeed, how
+could there be other?  Have we not seen him disappointed, bemocked of
+Destiny, through long years?  All that the young heart might desire and
+pray for has been denied; nay, as in the last worst instance, offered and
+then snatched away.  Ever an "excellent Passivity;" but of useful,
+reasonable Activity, essential to the former as Food to Hunger, nothing
+granted:  till at length, in this wild Pilgrimage, he must forcibly seize
+for himself an Activity, though useless, unreasonable.  Alas, his cup of
+bitterness, which had been filling drop by drop, ever since that first
+"ruddy morning" in the Hinterschlag Gymnasium, was at the very lip; and
+then with that poison-drop, of the Towgood-and-Blumine business, it runs
+over, and even hisses over in a deluge of foam.
+
+He himself says once, with more justness than originality:  "Men is,
+properly speaking, based upon Hope, he has no other possession but Hope;
+this world of his is emphatically the Place of Hope."  What, then, was our
+Professor's possession?  We see him, for the present, quite shut out from
+Hope; looking not into the golden orient, but vaguely all round into a dim
+copper firmament, pregnant with earthquake and tornado.
+
+Alas, shut out from Hope, in a deeper sense than we yet dream of!  For, as
+he wanders wearisomely through this world, he has now lost all tidings of
+another and higher.  Full of religion, or at least of religiosity, as our
+Friend has since exhibited himself, he hides not that, in those days, he
+was wholly irreligious:  "Doubt had darkened into Unbelief," says he;
+"shade after shade goes grimly over your soul, till you have the fixed,
+starless, Tartarean black."  To such readers as have reflected, what can be
+called reflecting, on man's life, and happily discovered, in contradiction
+to much Profit-and-Loss Philosophy, speculative and practical, that Soul is
+not synonymous with Stomach; who understand, therefore, in our Friend's
+words, "that, for man's well-being, Faith is properly the one thing
+needful; how, with it, Martyrs, otherwise weak, can cheerfully endure the
+shame and the cross; and without it, Worldlings puke up their sick
+existence, by suicide, in the midst of luxury:"  to such it will be clear
+that, for a pure moral nature, the loss of his religious Belief was the
+loss of everything.  Unhappy young man!  All wounds, the crush of
+long-continued Destitution, the stab of false Friendship and of false Love,
+all wounds in thy so genial heart, would have healed again, had not its
+life-warmth been withdrawn.  Well might he exclaim, in his wild way:  "Is
+there no God, then; but at best an absentee God, sitting idle, ever since
+the first Sabbath, at the outside of his Universe, and _see_ing it go?  Has
+the word Duty no meaning; is what we call Duty no divine Messenger and
+Guide, but a false earthly Phantasm, made up of Desire and Fear, of
+emanations from the Gallows and from Doctor Graham's Celestial-Bed?
+Happiness of an approving Conscience!  Did not Paul of Tarsus, whom
+admiring men have since named Saint, feel that _he_ was 'the chief of
+sinners;' and Nero of Rome, jocund in spirit (_wohlgemuth_), spend much of
+his time in fiddling?  Foolish Wordmonger and Motive-grinder, who in thy
+Logic-mill hast an earthly mechanism for the Godlike itself, and wouldst
+fain grind me out Virtue from the husks of Pleasure,--I tell thee, Nay!  To
+the unregenerate Prometheus Vinctus of a man, it is ever the bitterest
+aggravation of his wretchedness that he is conscious of Virtue, that he
+feels himself the victim not of suffering only, but of injustice.  What
+then?  Is the heroic inspiration we name Virtue but some Passion; some
+bubble of the blood, bubbling in the direction others _profit_ by?  I know
+not:  only this I know, If what thou namest Happiness be our true aim, then
+are we all astray.  With Stupidity and sound Digestion man may front much.
+But what, in these dull unimaginative days, are the terrors of Conscience
+to the diseases of the Liver!  Not on Morality, but on Cookery, let us
+build our stronghold:  there brandishing our frying-pan, as censer, let us
+offer sweet incense to the Devil, and live at ease on the fat things he has
+provided for his Elect!"
+
+Thus has the bewildered Wanderer to stand, as so many have done, shouting
+question after question into the Sibyl-cave of Destiny, and receive no
+Answer but an Echo.  It is all a grim Desert, this once-fair world of his;
+wherein is heard only the howling of wild beasts, or the shrieks of
+despairing, hate-filled men; and no Pillar of Cloud by day, and no Pillar
+of Fire by night, any longer guides the Pilgrim.  To such length has the
+spirit of Inquiry carried him.  "But what boots it (_was thut's_)?" cries
+he:  "it is but the common lot in this era.  Not having come to spiritual
+majority prior to the _Siecle de Louis Quinze_, and not being born purely a
+Loghead (_Dummkopf_ ), thou hadst no other outlook.  The whole world is,
+like thee, sold to Unbelief; their old Temples of the Godhead, which for
+long have not been rain-proof, crumble down; and men ask now:  Where is the
+Godhead; our eyes never saw him?"
+
+Pitiful enough were it, for all these wild utterances, to call our Diogenes
+wicked.  Unprofitable servants as we all are, perhaps at no era of his life
+was he more decisively the Servant of Goodness, the Servant of God, than
+even now when doubting God's existence.  "One circumstance I note," says
+he:  "after all the nameless woe that Inquiry, which for me, what it is not
+always, was genuine Love of Truth, had wrought me!  I nevertheless still
+loved Truth, and would bate no jot of my allegiance to her.  'Truth!' I
+cried, 'though the Heavens crush me for following her:  no Falsehood!
+though a whole celestial Lubberland were the price of Apostasy.'  In
+conduct it was the same.  Had a divine Messenger from the clouds, or
+miraculous Handwriting on the wall, convincingly proclaimed to me _This
+thou shalt do_, with what passionate readiness, as I often thought, would I
+have done it, had it been leaping into the infernal Fire.  Thus, in spite
+of all Motive-grinders, and Mechanical Profit-and-Loss Philosophies, with
+the sick ophthalmia and hallucination they had brought on, was the Infinite
+nature of Duty still dimly present to me:  living without God in the world,
+of God's light I was not utterly bereft; if my as yet sealed eyes, with
+their unspeakable longing, could nowhere see Him, nevertheless in my heart
+He was present, and His heaven-written Law still stood legible and sacred
+there."
+
+Meanwhile, under all these tribulations, and temporal and spiritual
+destitutions, what must the Wanderer, in his silent soul, have endured!
+"The painfullest feeling," writes he, "is that of your own Feebleness
+(_Unkraft_); ever, as the English Milton says, to be weak is the true
+misery.  And yet of your Strength there is and can be no clear feeling,
+save by what you have prospered in, by what you have done.  Between vague
+wavering Capability and fixed indubitable Performance, what a difference!
+A certain inarticulate Self-consciousness dwells dimly in us; which only
+our Works can render articulate and decisively discernible.  Our Works are
+the mirror wherein the spirit first sees its natural lineaments.  Hence,
+too, the folly of that impossible Precept, _Know thyself_; till it be
+translated into this partially possible one, _Know what thou canst work
+at_.
+
+"But for me, so strangely unprosperous had I been, the net-result of my
+Workings amounted as yet simply to--Nothing.  How then could I believe in
+my Strength, when there was as yet no mirror to see it in?  Ever did this
+agitating, yet, as I now perceive, quite frivolous question, remain to me
+insoluble:  Hast thou a certain Faculty, a certain Worth, such even as the
+most have not; or art thou the completest Dullard of these modern times?
+Alas, the fearful Unbelief is unbelief in yourself; and how could I
+believe?  Had not my first, last Faith in myself, when even to me the
+Heavens seemed laid open, and I dared to love, been all too cruelly belied?
+The speculative Mystery of Life grew ever more mysterious to me:  neither
+in the practical Mystery had I made the slightest progress, but been
+everywhere buffeted, foiled, and contemptuously cast out.  A feeble unit in
+the middle of a threatening Infinitude, I seemed to have nothing given me
+but eyes, whereby to discern my own wretchedness.  Invisible yet
+impenetrable walls, as of Enchantment, divided me from all living:  was
+there, in the wide world, any true bosom I could press trustfully to mine?
+O Heaven, No, there was none!  I kept a lock upon my lips:  why should I
+speak much with that shifting variety of so-called Friends, in whose
+withered, vain and too-hungry souls Friendship was but an incredible
+tradition?  In such cases, your resource is to talk little, and that little
+mostly from the Newspapers.  Now when I look back, it was a strange
+isolation I then lived in.  The men and women around me, even speaking with
+me, were but Figures; I had, practically, forgotten that they were alive,
+that they were not merely automatic.  In the midst of their crowded streets
+and assemblages, I walked solitary; and (except as it was my own heart, not
+another's, that I kept devouring) savage also, as the tiger in his jungle.
+Some comfort it would have been, could I, like a Faust, have fancied myself
+tempted and tormented of the Devil; for a Hell, as I imagine, without Life,
+though only diabolic Life, were more frightful:  but in our age of
+Down-pulling and Disbelief, the very Devil has been pulled down, you cannot
+so much as believe in a Devil.  To me the Universe was all void of Life, of
+Purpose, of Volition, even of Hostility:  it was one huge, dead,
+immeasurable Steam-engine, rolling on, in its dead indifference, to grind
+me limb from limb.  Oh, the vast, gloomy, solitary Golgotha, and Mill of
+Death!  Why was the Living banished thither companionless, conscious?  Why,
+if there is no Devil; nay, unless the Devil is your God?"
+
+A prey incessantly to such corrosions, might not, moreover, as the worst
+aggravation to them, the iron constitution even of a Teufelsdrockh threaten
+to fail?  We conjecture that he has known sickness; and, in spite of his
+locomotive habits, perhaps sickness of the chronic sort.  Hear this, for
+example:  "How beautiful to die of broken-heart, on Paper!  Quite another
+thing in practice; every window of your Feeling, even of your Intellect, as
+it were, begrimed and mud-bespattered, so that no pure ray can enter; a
+whole Drug-shop in your inwards; the fordone soul drowning slowly in
+quagmires of Disgust!"
+
+Putting all which external and internal miseries together, may we not find
+in the following sentences, quite in our Professor's still vein,
+significance enough?  "From Suicide a certain after-shine (_Nachschein_) of
+Christianity withheld me:  perhaps also a certain indolence of character;
+for, was not that a remedy I had at any time within reach?  Often, however,
+was there a question present to me:  Should some one now, at the turning of
+that corner, blow thee suddenly out of Space, into the other World, or
+other No-world, by pistol-shot,--how were it?  On which ground, too, I have
+often, in sea-storms and sieged cities and other death-scenes, exhibited an
+imperturbability, which passed, falsely enough, for courage."
+
+"So had it lasted," concludes the Wanderer, "so had it lasted, as in bitter
+protracted Death-agony, through long years.  The heart within me, unvisited
+by any heavenly dew-drop, was smouldering in sulphurous, slow-consuming
+fire.  Almost since earliest memory I had shed no tear; or once only when
+I, murmuring half-audibly, recited Faust's Death-song, that wild _Selig der
+den er im Siegesglanze findet_ (Happy whom _he_ finds in Battle's
+splendor), and thought that of this last Friend even I was not forsaken,
+that Destiny itself could not doom me not to die.  Having no hope, neither
+had I any definite fear, were it of Man or of Devil:  nay, I often felt as
+if it might be solacing, could the Arch-Devil himself, though in Tartarean
+terrors, but rise to me, that I might tell him a little of my mind.  And
+yet, strangely enough, I lived in a continual, indefinite, pining fear;
+tremulous, pusillanimous, apprehensive of I knew not what:  it seemed as if
+all things in the Heavens above and the Earth beneath would hurt me; as if
+the Heavens and the Earth were but boundless jaws of a devouring monster,
+wherein I, palpitating, waited to be devoured.
+
+"Full of such humor, and perhaps the miserablest man in the whole French
+Capital or Suburbs, was I, one sultry Dog-day, after much perambulation,
+toiling along the dirty little _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, among civic
+rubbish enough, in a close atmosphere, and over pavements hot as
+Nebuchadnezzar's Furnace; whereby doubtless my spirits were little cheered;
+when, all at once, there rose a Thought in me, and I asked myself:  'What
+_art_ thou afraid of?  Wherefore, like a coward, dost thou forever pip and
+whimper, and go cowering and trembling?  Despicable biped! what is the
+sum-total of the worst that lies before thee?  Death?  Well, Death; and say
+the pangs of Tophet too, and all that the Devil and Man may, will or can do
+against thee!  Hast thou not a heart; canst thou not suffer whatsoever it
+be; and, as a Child of Freedom, though outcast, trample Tophet itself under
+thy feet, while it consumes thee?  Let it come, then; I will meet it and
+defy it!'  And as I so thought, there rushed like a stream of fire over my
+whole soul; and I shook base Fear away from me forever.  I was strong, of
+unknown strength; a spirit, almost a god.  Ever from that time, the temper
+of my misery was changed:  not Fear or whining Sorrow was it, but
+Indignation and grim fire-eyed Defiance.
+
+"Thus had the EVERLASTING NO (_das ewige Nein_) pealed authoritatively
+through all the recesses of my Being, of my ME; and then was it that my
+whole ME stood up, in native God-created majesty, and with emphasis
+recorded its Protest.  Such a Protest, the most important transaction in
+Life, may that same Indignation and Defiance, in a psychological point of
+view, be fitly called.  The Everlasting No had said:  'Behold, thou art
+fatherless, outcast, and the Universe is mine (the Devil's);' to which my
+whole Me now made answer:  '_I_ am not thine, but Free, and forever hate
+thee!'
+
+"It is from this hour that I incline to date my Spiritual New-birth, or
+Baphometic Fire-baptism; perhaps I directly thereupon began to be a Man."
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE.
+
+Though, after this "Baphometic Fire-baptism" of his, our Wanderer signifies
+that his Unrest was but increased; as, indeed, "Indignation and Defiance,"
+especially against things in general, are not the most peaceable inmates;
+yet can the Psychologist surmise that it was no longer a quite hopeless
+Unrest; that henceforth it had at least a fixed centre to revolve round.
+For the fire-baptized soul, long so scathed and thunder-riven, here feels
+its own Freedom, which feeling is its Baphometic Baptism:  the citadel of
+its whole kingdom it has thus gained by assault, and will keep
+inexpugnable; outwards from which the remaining dominions, not indeed
+without hard battling, will doubtless by degrees be conquered and
+pacificated.  Under another figure, we might say, if in that great moment,
+in the _Rue Saint-Thomas de l'Enfer_, the old inward Satanic School was not
+yet thrown out of doors, it received peremptory judicial notice to
+quit;--whereby, for the rest, its howl-chantings, Ernulphus-cursings, and
+rebellious gnashings of teeth, might, in the mean while, become only the
+more tumultuous, and difficult to keep secret.
+
+Accordingly, if we scrutinize these Pilgrimings well, there is perhaps
+discernible henceforth a certain incipient method in their madness.  Not
+wholly as a Spectre does Teufelsdrockh now storm through the world; at
+worst as a spectra-fighting Man, nay who will one day be a Spectre-queller.
+If pilgriming restlessly to so many "Saints' Wells," and ever without
+quenching of his thirst, he nevertheless finds little secular wells,
+whereby from time to time some alleviation is ministered.  In a word, he is
+now, if not ceasing, yet intermitting to "eat his own heart;" and clutches
+round him outwardly on the NOT-ME for wholesomer food.  Does not the
+following glimpse exhibit him in a much more natural state?
+
+"Towns also and Cities, especially the ancient, I failed not to look upon
+with interest.  How beautiful to see thereby, as through a long vista, into
+the remote Time; to have, as it were, an actual section of almost the
+earliest Past brought safe into the Present, and set before your eyes!
+There, in that old City, was a live ember of Culinary Fire put down, say
+only two thousand years ago; and there, burning more or less triumphantly,
+with such fuel as the region yielded, it has burnt, and still burns, and
+thou thyself seest the very smoke thereof.  Ah! and the far more mysterious
+live ember of Vital Fire was then also put down there; and still
+miraculously burns and spreads; and the smoke and ashes thereof (in these
+Judgment-Halls and Churchyards), and its bellows-engines (in these
+Churches), thou still seest; and its flame, looking out from every kind
+countenance, and every hateful one, still warms thee or scorches thee.
+
+"Of Man's Activity and Attainment the chief results are aeriform, mystic,
+and preserved in Tradition only:  such are his Forms of Government, with
+the Authority they rest on; his Customs, or Fashions both of Cloth-habits
+and of Soul-habits; much more his collective stock of Handicrafts, the
+whole Faculty he has acquired of manipulating Nature:  all these things, as
+indispensable and priceless as they are, cannot in any way be fixed under
+lock and key, but must flit, spirit-like, on impalpable vehicles, from
+Father to Son; if you demand sight of them, they are nowhere to be met
+with.  Visible Ploughmen and Hammermen there have been, ever from Cain and
+Tubal-cain downwards:  but where does your accumulated Agricultural,
+Metallurgic, and other Manufacturing SKILL lie warehoused?  It transmits
+itself on the atmospheric air, on the sun's rays (by Hearing and by
+Vision); it is a thing aeriform, impalpable, of quite spiritual sort.  In
+like manner, ask me not, Where are the LAWS; where is the GOVERNMENT?  In
+vain wilt thou go to Schonbrunn, to Downing Street, to the Palais Bourbon;
+thou findest nothing there but brick or stone houses, and some bundles of
+Papers tied with tape.  Where, then, is that same cunningly devised
+almighty GOVERNMENT of theirs to be laid hands on?  Everywhere, yet
+nowhere:  seen only in its works, this too is a thing aeriform, invisible;
+or if you will, mystic and miraculous.  So spiritual (_geistig_) is our
+whole daily Life:  all that we do springs out of Mystery, Spirit, invisible
+Force; only like a little Cloud-image, or Armida's Palace, air-built, does
+the Actual body itself forth from the great mystic Deep.
+
+"Visible and tangible products of the Past, again, I reckon up to the
+extent of three:  Cities, with their Cabinets and Arsenals; then tilled
+Fields, to either or to both of which divisions Roads with their Bridges
+may belong; and thirdly--Books.  In which third truly, the last invented,
+lies a worth far surpassing that of the two others.  Wondrous indeed is the
+virtue of a true Book.  Not like a dead city of stones, yearly crumbling,
+yearly needing repair; more like a tilled field, but then a spiritual
+field:  like a spiritual tree, let me rather say, it stands from year to
+year, and from age to age (we have Books that already number some hundred
+and fifty human ages); and yearly comes its new produce of leaves
+(Commentaries, Deductions, Philosophical, Political Systems; or were it
+only Sermons, Pamphlets, Journalistic Essays), every one of which is
+talismanic and thaumaturgic, for it can persuade men.  O thou who art able
+to write a Book, which once in the two centuries or oftener there is a man
+gifted to do, envy not him whom they name City-builder, and inexpressibly
+pity him whom they name Conqueror or City-burner!  Thou too art a Conqueror
+and Victor; but of the true sort, namely over the Devil:  thou too hast
+built what will outlast all marble and metal, and be a wonder-bringing City
+of the Mind, a Temple and Seminary and Prophetic Mount, whereto all
+kindreds of the Earth will pilgrim.-- Fool! why journeyest thou
+wearisomely, in thy antiquarian fervor, to gaze on the stone pyramids of
+Geeza, or the clay ones of Sacchara?  These stand there, as I can tell
+thee, idle and inert, looking over the Desert, foolishly enough, for the
+last three thousand years:  but canst thou not open thy Hebrew BIBLE, then,
+or even Luther's Version thereof?"
+
+No less satisfactory is his sudden appearance not in Battle, yet on some
+Battle-field; which, we soon gather, must be that of Wagram; so that here,
+for once, is a certain approximation to distinctness of date.  Omitting
+much, let us impart what follows:--
+
+"Horrible enough!  A whole Marchfeld strewed with shell-splinters,
+cannon-shot, ruined tumbrils, and dead men and horses; stragglers still
+remaining not so much as buried.  And those red mould heaps; ay, there lie
+the Shells of Men, out of which all the Life and Virtue has been blown; and
+now are they swept together, and crammed down out of sight, like blown
+Egg-shells!--Did Nature, when she bade the Donau bring down his
+mould-cargoes from the Carinthian and Carpathian Heights, and spread them
+out here into the softest, richest level,--intend thee, O Marchfeld, for a
+corn-bearing Nursery, whereon her children might be nursed; or for a
+Cockpit, wherein they might the more commodiously be throttled and
+tattered?  Were thy three broad Highways, meeting here from the ends of
+Europe, made for Ammunition-wagons, then?  Were thy Wagrams and Stillfrieds
+but so many ready-built Casemates, wherein the house of Hapsburg might
+batter with artillery, and with artillery be battered?  Konig Ottokar, amid
+yonder hillocks, dies under Rodolf's truncheon; here Kaiser Franz falls
+a-swoon under Napoleon's:  within which five centuries, to omit the others,
+how has thy breast, fair Plain, been defaced and defiled!  The greensward
+is torn up and trampled down; man's fond care of it, his fruit-trees,
+hedge-rows, and pleasant dwellings, blown away with gunpowder; and the kind
+seedfield lies a desolate, hideous Place of Skulls.--Nevertheless, Nature
+is at work; neither shall these Powder-Devilkins with their utmost devilry
+gainsay her:  but all that gore and carnage will be shrouded in, absorbed
+into manure; and next year the Marchfeld will be green, nay greener.
+Thrifty unwearied Nature, ever out of our great waste educing some little
+profit of thy own,--how dost thou, from the very carcass of the Killer,
+bring Life for the Living!
+
+"What, speaking in quite unofficial language, is the net purport and upshot
+of war?  To my own knowledge, for example, there dwell and toil, in the
+British village of Dumdrudge, usually some five hundred souls.  From these,
+by certain 'Natural Enemies' of the French, there are successively
+selected, during the French war, say thirty able-bodied men; Dumdrudge, at
+her own expense, has suckled and nursed them:  she has, not without
+difficulty and sorrow, fed them up to manhood, and even trained them to
+crafts, so that one can weave, another build, another hammer, and the
+weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois.  Nevertheless, amid much
+weeping and swearing, they are selected; all dressed in red; and shipped
+away, at the public charges, some two thousand miles, or say only to the
+south of Spain; and fed there till wanted.  And now to that same spot, in
+the south of Spain, are thirty similar French artisans, from a French
+Dumdrudge, in like manner wending:  till at length, after infinite effort,
+the two parties come into actual juxtaposition; and Thirty stands fronting
+Thirty, each with a gun in his hand.  Straightaway the word 'Fire!' is
+given; and they blow the souls out of one another; and in place of sixty
+brisk useful craftsmen, the world has sixty dead carcasses, which it must
+bury, and anew shed tears for.  Had these men any quarrel?  Busy as the
+Devil is, not the smallest!  They lived far enough apart; were the entirest
+strangers; nay, in so wide a Universe, there was even, unconsciously, by
+Commerce, some mutual helpfulness between them.  How then?  Simpleton!
+their Governors had fallen out; and instead of shooting one another, had
+the cunning to make these poor blockheads shoot.--Alas, so is it in
+Deutschland, and hitherto in all other lands; still as of old, 'what
+devilry soever Kings do, the Greeks must pay the piper!'--In that fiction
+of the English Smollett, it is true, the final Cessation of War is perhaps
+prophetically shadowed forth; where the two Natural Enemies, in person,
+take each a Tobacco-pipe, filled with Brimstone; light the same, and smoke
+in one another's faces, till the weaker gives in:  but from such predicted
+Peace-Era, what blood-filled trenches, and contentious centuries, may still
+divide us!"
+
+Thus can the Professor, at least in lucid intervals, look away from his own
+sorrows, over the many-colored world, and pertinently enough note what is
+passing there.  We may remark, indeed, that for the matter of spiritual
+culture, if for nothing else, perhaps few periods of his life were richer
+than this.  Internally, there is the most momentous instructive Course of
+Practical Philosophy, with Experiments, going on; towards the right
+comprehension of which his Peripatetic habits, favorable to Meditation,
+might help him rather than hinder.  Externally, again, as he wanders to and
+fro, there are, if for the longing heart little substance, yet for the
+seeing eye sights enough in these so boundless Travels of his, granting
+that the Satanic School was even partially kept down, what an incredible
+knowledge of our Planet, and its Inhabitants and their Works, that is to
+say, of all knowable things, might not Teufelsdrockh acquire!
+
+"I have read in most Public Libraries," says he, "including those of
+Constantinople and Samarcand:  in most Colleges, except the Chinese
+Mandarin ones, I have studied, or seen that there was no studying.  Unknown
+Languages have I oftenest gathered from their natural repertory, the Air,
+by my organ of Hearing; Statistics, Geographics, Topographics came, through
+the Eye, almost of their own accord.  The ways of Man, how he seeks food,
+and warmth, and protection for himself, in most regions, are ocularly known
+to me.  Like the great Hadrian, I meted out much of the terraqueous Globe
+with a pair of Compasses that belonged to myself only.
+
+"Of great Scenes why speak?  Three summer days, I lingered reflecting, and
+even composing (_dichtete_), by the Pine-chasms of Vaucluse; and in that
+clear Lakelet moistened my bread.  I have sat under the Palm-trees of
+Tadmor; smoked a pipe among the ruins of Babylon.  The great Wall of China
+I have seen; and can testify that it is of gray brick, coped and covered
+with granite, and shows only second-rate masonry.--Great Events, also, have
+not I witnessed?  Kings sweated down (_ausgemergelt_) into Berlin-and-Milan
+Customhouse-Officers; the World well won, and the World well lost; oftener
+than once a hundred thousand individuals shot (by each other) in one day.
+All kindreds and peoples and nations dashed together, and shifted and
+shovelled into heaps, that they might ferment there, and in time unite.
+The birth-pangs of Democracy, wherewith convulsed Europe was groaning in
+cries that reached Heaven, could not escape me.
+
+"For great Men I have ever had the warmest predilection; and can perhaps
+boast that few such in this era have wholly escaped me.  Great Men are the
+inspired (speaking and acting) Texts of that divine BOOK OF REVELATIONS,
+whereof a Chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by some named
+HISTORY; to which inspired Texts your numerous talented men, and your
+innumerable untalented men, are the better or worse exegetic Commentaries,
+and wagon-load of too-stupid, heretical or orthodox, weekly Sermons.  For
+my study, the inspired Texts themselves!  Thus did not I, in very early
+days, having disguised me as tavern-waiter, stand behind the field-chairs,
+under that shady Tree at Treisnitz by the Jena Highway; waiting upon the
+great Schiller and greater Goethe; and hearing what I have not forgotten.
+For--"
+
+--But at this point the Editor recalls his principle of caution, some time
+ago laid down, and must suppress much.  Let not the sacredness of
+Laurelled, still more, of Crowned Heads, be tampered with.  Should we, at a
+future day, find circumstances altered, and the time come for Publication,
+then may these glimpses into the privacy of the Illustrious be conceded;
+which for the present were little better than treacherous, perhaps
+traitorous Eavesdroppings.  Of Lord Byron, therefore, of Pope Pius, Emperor
+Tarakwang, and the "White Water-roses" (Chinese Carbonari) with their
+mysteries, no notice here!  Of Napoleon himself we shall only, glancing
+from afar, remark that Teufelsdrockh's relation to him seems to have been
+of very varied character.  At first we find our poor Professor on the point
+of being shot as a spy; then taken into private conversation, even pinched
+on the ear, yet presented with no money; at last indignantly dismissed,
+almost thrown out of doors, as an "Ideologist."  "He himself," says the
+Professor, "was among the completest Ideologists, at least Ideopraxists:
+in the Idea (_in der Idee_) he lived, moved and fought.  The man was a
+Divine Missionary, though unconscious of it; and preached, through the
+cannon's throat, that great doctrine, _La carriere ouverte aux talens_ (The
+Tools to him that can handle them), which is our ultimate Political
+Evangel, wherein alone can liberty lie.  Madly enough he preached, it is
+true, as Enthusiasts and first Missionaries are wont, with imperfect
+utterance, amid much frothy rant; yet as articulately perhaps as the case
+admitted.  Or call him, if you will, an American Backwoodsman, who had to
+fell unpenetrated forests, and battle with innumerable wolves, and did not
+entirely forbear strong liquor, rioting, and even theft; whom,
+notwithstanding, the peaceful Sower will follow, and, as he cuts the
+boundless harvest, bless."
+
+More legitimate and decisively authentic is Teufelsdrockh's appearance and
+emergence (we know not well whence) in the solitude of the North Cape, on
+that June Midnight.  He has a "light-blue Spanish cloak" hanging round him,
+as his "most commodious, principal, indeed sole upper-garment;" and stands
+there, on the World-promontory, looking over the infinite Brine, like a
+little blue Belfry (as we figure), now motionless indeed, yet ready, if
+stirred, to ring quaintest changes.
+
+"Silence as of death," writes he; "for Midnight, even in the Arctic
+latitudes, has its character:  nothing but the granite cliffs ruddy-tinged,
+the peaceable gurgle of that slow-heaving Polar Ocean, over which in the
+utmost North the great Sun hangs low and lazy, as if he too were
+slumbering.  Yet is his cloud-couch wrought of crimson and cloth-of-gold;
+yet does his light stream over the mirror of waters, like a tremulous
+fire-pillar, shooting downwards to the abyss, and hide itself under my
+feet.  In such moments, Solitude also is invaluable; for who would speak,
+or be looked on, when behind him lies all Europe and Africa, fast asleep,
+except the watchmen; and before him the silent Immensity, and Palace of the
+Eternal, whereof our Sun is but a porch-lamp?
+
+"Nevertheless, in this solemn moment comes a man, or monster, scrambling
+from among the rock-hollows; and, shaggy, huge as the Hyperborean Bear,
+hails me in Russian speech:  most probably, therefore, a Russian Smuggler.
+With courteous brevity, I signify my indifference to contraband trade, my
+humane intentions, yet strong wish to be private.  In vain:  the monster,
+counting doubtless on his superior stature, and minded to make sport for
+himself, or perhaps profit, were it with murder, continues to advance; ever
+assailing me with his importunate train-oil breath; and now has advanced,
+till we stand both on the verge of the rock, the deep Sea rippling greedily
+down below.  What argument will avail?  On the thick Hyperborean, cherubic
+reasoning, seraphic eloquence were lost.  Prepared for such extremity, I,
+deftly enough, whisk aside one step; draw out, from my interior reservoirs,
+a sufficient Birmingham Horse-pistol, and say, 'Be so obliging as retire,
+Friend (_Er ziehe sich zuruck, Freund_), and with promptitude!'  This logic
+even the Hyperborean understands:  fast enough, with apologetic,
+petitionary growl, he sidles off; and, except for suicidal as well as
+homicidal purposes, need not return.
+
+"Such I hold to be the genuine use of Gunpowder:  that it makes all men
+alike tall.  Nay, if thou be cooler, cleverer than I, if thou have more
+_Mind_, though all but no _Body_ whatever, then canst thou kill me first,
+and art the taller.  Hereby, at last, is the Goliath powerless, and the
+David resistless; savage Animalism is nothing, inventive Spiritualism is
+all.
+
+"With respect to Duels, indeed, I have my own ideas.  Few things, in this
+so surprising world, strike me with more surprise.  Two little visual
+Spectra of men, hovering with insecure enough cohesion in the midst of the
+UNFATHOMABLE, and to dissolve therein, at any rate, very soon,--make pause
+at the distance of twelve paces asunder; whirl round; and, simultaneously
+by the cunningest mechanism, explode one another into Dissolution; and
+off-hand become Air, and Non-extant!  Deuce on it (_verdammt_), the little
+spitfires!--Nay, I think with old Hugo von Trimberg:  'God must needs laugh
+outright, could such a thing be, to see his wondrous Manikins here below.'"
+
+But amid these specialties, let us not forget the great generality, which
+is our chief quest here:  How prospered the inner man of Teufelsdrockh,
+under so much outward shifting!  Does Legion still lurk in him, though
+repressed; or has he exorcised that Devil's Brood?  We can answer that the
+symptoms continue promising.  Experience is the grand spiritual Doctor; and
+with him Teufelsdrockh has now been long a patient, swallowing many a
+bitter bolus.  Unless our poor Friend belong to the numerous class of
+Incurables, which seems not likely, some cure will doubtless be effected.
+We should rather say that Legion, or the Satanic School, was now pretty
+well extirpated and cast out, but next to nothing introduced in its room;
+whereby the heart remains, for the while, in a quiet but no comfortable
+state.
+
+"At length, after so much roasting," thus writes our Autobiographer, "I was
+what you might name calcined.  Pray only that it be not rather, as is the
+more frequent issue, reduced to a _caput-mortuum_!  But in any case, by
+mere dint of practice, I had grown familiar with many things.  Wretchedness
+was still wretched; but I could now partly see through it, and despise it.
+Which highest mortal, in this inane Existence, had I not found a
+Shadow-hunter, or Shadow-hunted; and, when I looked through his brave
+garnitures, miserable enough?  Thy wishes have all been sniffed aside,
+thought I:  but what, had they even been all granted!  Did not the Boy
+Alexander weep because he had not two Planets to conquer; or a whole Solar
+System; or after that, a whole Universe?  _Ach Gott_, when I gazed into
+these Stars, have they not looked down on me as if with pity, from their
+serene spaces; like Eyes glistening with heavenly tears over the little lot
+of man!  Thousands of human generations, all as noisy as our own, have been
+swallowed up of Time, and there remains no wreck of them any more; and
+Arcturus and Orion and Sirius and the Pleiades are still shining in their
+courses, clear and young, as when the Shepherd first noted them in the
+plain of Shinar.  Pshaw! what is this paltry little Dog-cage of an Earth;
+what art thou that sittest whining there?  Thou art still Nothing, Nobody:
+true; but who, then, is Something, Somebody?  For thee the Family of Man
+has no use; it rejects thee; thou art wholly as a dissevered limb:  so be
+it; perhaps it is better so!"
+
+Too-heavy-laden Teufelsdrockh!  Yet surely his bands are loosening; one day
+he will hurl the burden far from him, and bound forth free and with a
+second youth.
+
+"This," says our Professor, "was the CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE I had now
+reached; through which whoso travels from the Negative Pole to the Positive
+must necessarily pass."
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+THE EVERLASTING YEA.
+
+"Temptations in the Wilderness!" exclaims Teufelsdrockh, "Have we not all
+to be tried with such?  Not so easily can the old Adam, lodged in us by
+birth, be dispossessed.  Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is
+the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force:
+thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.
+For the God-given mandate, _Work thou in Well-doing_, lies mysteriously
+written, in Promethean Prophetic Characters, in our hearts; and leaves us
+no rest, night or day, till it be deciphered and obeyed; till it burn
+forth, in our conduct, a visible, acted Gospel of Freedom.  And as the
+clay-given mandate, _Eat thou and be filled_, at the same time persuasively
+proclaims itself through every nerve,--must not there be a confusion, a
+contest, before the better Influence can become the upper?
+
+"To me nothing seems more natural than that the Son of Man, when such
+God-given mandate first prophetically stirs within him, and the Clay must
+now be vanquished or vanquish,--should be carried of the spirit into grim
+Solitudes, and there fronting the Tempter do grimmest battle with him;
+defiantly setting him at naught till he yield and fly.  Name it as we
+choose:  with or without visible Devil, whether in the natural Desert of
+rocks and sands, or in the populous moral Desert of selfishness and
+baseness,--to such Temptation are we all called.  Unhappy if we are not!
+Unhappy if we are but Half-men, in whom that divine handwriting has never
+blazed forth, all-subduing, in true sun-splendor; but quivers dubiously
+amid meaner lights:  or smoulders, in dull pain, in darkness, under earthly
+vapors!--Our Wilderness is the wide World in an Atheistic Century; our
+Forty Days are long years of suffering and fasting:  nevertheless, to these
+also comes an end.  Yes, to me also was given, if not Victory, yet the
+consciousness of Battle, and the resolve to persevere therein while life or
+faculty is left.  To me also, entangled in the enchanted forests,
+demon-peopled, doleful of sight and of sound, it was given, after weariest
+wanderings, to work out my way into the higher sunlit slopes--of that
+Mountain which has no summit, or whose summit is in Heaven only!"
+
+He says elsewhere, under a less ambitious figure; as figures are, once for
+all, natural to him:  "Has not thy Life been that of most sufficient men
+(_tuchtigen Manner_) thou hast known in this generation?  An outflush of
+foolish young Enthusiasm, like the first fallow-crop, wherein are as many
+weeds as valuable herbs:  this all parched away, under the Droughts of
+practical and spiritual Unbelief, as Disappointment, in thought and act,
+often-repeated gave rise to Doubt, and Doubt gradually settled into Denial!
+If I have had a second-crop, and now see the perennial greensward, and sit
+under umbrageous cedars, which defy all Drought (and Doubt); herein too, be
+the Heavens praised, I am not without examples, and even exemplars."
+
+So that, for Teufelsdrockh, also, there has been a "glorious revolution:"
+these mad shadow-hunting and shadow-hunted Pilgrimings of his were but some
+purifying "Temptation in the Wilderness," before his apostolic work (such
+as it was) could begin; which Temptation is now happily over, and the Devil
+once more worsted!  Was "that high moment in the _Rue de l'Enfer_," then,
+properly the turning-point of the battle; when the Fiend said, _Worship me,
+or be torn in shreds_; and was answered valiantly with an _Apage
+Satana_?--Singular Teufelsdrockh, would thou hadst told thy singular story
+in plain words!  But it is fruitless to look there, in those Paper-bags,
+for such.  Nothing but innuendoes, figurative crotchets:  a typical Shadow,
+fitfully wavering, prophetico-satiric; no clear logical Picture.  "How
+paint to the sensual eye," asks he once, "what passes in the Holy-of-Holies
+of Man's Soul; in what words, known to these profane times, speak even
+afar-off of the unspeakable?"  We ask in turn:  Why perplex these times,
+profane as they are, with needless obscurity, by omission and by
+commission?  Not mystical only is our Professor, but whimsical; and
+involves himself, now more than ever, in eye-bewildering _chiaroscuro_.
+Successive glimpses, here faithfully imparted, our more gifted readers must
+endeavor to combine for their own behoof.
+
+He says:  "The hot Harmattan wind had raged itself out; its howl went
+silent within me; and the long-deafened soul could now hear.  I paused in
+my wild wanderings; and sat me down to wait, and consider; for it was as if
+the hour of change drew nigh.  I seemed to surrender, to renounce utterly,
+and say:  Fly, then, false shadows of Hope; I will chase you no more, I
+will believe you no more.  And ye too, haggard spectres of Fear, I care not
+for you; ye too are all shadows and a lie.  Let me rest here:  for I am
+way-weary and life-weary; I will rest here, were it but to die:  to die or
+to live is alike to me; alike insignificant."--And again:  "Here, then, as
+I lay in that CENTRE OF INDIFFERENCE; cast, doubtless by benignant upper
+Influence, into a healing sleep, the heavy dreams rolled gradually away,
+and I awoke to a new Heaven and a new Earth.  The first preliminary moral
+Act, Annihilation of Self (_Selbst-todtung_), had been happily
+accomplished; and my mind's eyes were now unsealed, and its hands ungyved."
+
+Might we not also conjecture that the following passage refers to his
+Locality, during this same "healing sleep;" that his Pilgrim-staff lies
+cast aside here, on "the high table-land;" and indeed that the repose is
+already taking wholesome effect on him?  If it were not that the tone, in
+some parts, has more of riancy, even of levity, than we could have
+expected! However, in Teufelsdrockh, there is always the strangest Dualism:
+light dancing, with guitar-music, will be going on in the fore-court, while
+by fits from within comes the faint whimpering of woe and wail.  We
+transcribe the piece entire.
+
+"Beautiful it was to sit there, as in my skyey Tent, musing and meditating;
+on the high table-land, in front of the Mountains; over me, as roof, the
+azure Dome, and around me, for walls, four azure-flowing curtains,--namely,
+of the Four azure Winds, on whose bottom-fringes also I have seen gilding.
+And then to fancy the fair Castles that stood sheltered in these Mountain
+hollows; with their green flower-lawns, and white dames and damosels,
+lovely enough:  or better still, the straw-roofed Cottages, wherein stood
+many a Mother baking bread, with her children round her:--all hidden and
+protectingly folded up in the valley-folds; yet there and alive, as sure as
+if I beheld them.  Or to see, as well as fancy, the nine Towns and
+Villages, that lay round my mountain-seat, which, in still weather, were
+wont to speak to me (by their steeple-bells) with metal tongue; and, in
+almost all weather, proclaimed their vitality by repeated Smoke-clouds;
+whereon, as on a culinary horologe, I might read the hour of the day.  For
+it was the smoke of cookery, as kind housewives at morning, midday,
+eventide, were boiling their husbands' kettles; and ever a blue pillar rose
+up into the air, successively or simultaneously, from each of the nine,
+saying, as plainly as smoke could say:  Such and such a meal is getting
+ready here.  Not uninteresting!  For you have the whole Borough, with all
+its love-makings and scandal-mongeries, contentions and contentments, as in
+miniature, and could cover it all with your hat.--If, in my wide
+Way-farings, I had learned to look into the business of the World in its
+details, here perhaps was the place for combining it into general
+propositions, and deducing inferences therefrom.
+
+"Often also could I see the black Tempest marching in anger through the
+Distance:  round some Schreckhorn, as yet grim-blue, would the eddying
+vapor gather, and there tumultuously eddy, and flow down like a mad witch's
+hair; till, after a space, it vanished, and, in the clear sunbeam, your
+Schreckhorn stood smiling grim-white, for the vapor had held snow.  How
+thou fermentest and elaboratest, in thy great fermenting-vat and laboratory
+of an Atmosphere, of a World, O Nature!--Or what is Nature?  Ha! why do I
+not name thee GOD?  Art not thou the 'Living Garment of God'? O Heavens, is
+it, in very deed, HE, then, that ever speaks through thee; that lives and
+loves in thee, that lives and loves in me?
+
+"Fore-shadows, call them rather fore-splendors, of that Truth, and
+Beginning of Truths, fell mysteriously over my soul.  Sweeter than
+Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla; ah, like the mother's voice to
+her little child that strays bewildered, weeping, in unknown tumults; like
+soft streamings of celestial music to my too-exasperated heart, came that
+Evangel.  The Universe is not dead and demoniacal, a charnel-house with
+spectres; but godlike, and my Father's!
+
+"With other eyes, too, could I now look upon my fellowman:  with an
+infinite Love, an infinite Pity.  Poor, wandering, wayward man!  Art thou
+not tried, and beaten with stripes, even as I am?  Ever, whether thou bear
+the royal mantle or the beggar's gabardine, art thou not so weary, so
+heavy-laden; and thy Bed of Rest is but a Grave.  O my Brother, my Brother,
+why cannot I shelter thee in my bosom, and wipe away all tears from thy
+eyes!--Truly, the din of many-voiced Life, which, in this solitude, with
+the mind's organ, I could hear, was no longer a maddening discord, but a
+melting one; like inarticulate cries, and sobbings of a dumb creature,
+which in the ear of Heaven are prayers.  The poor Earth, with her poor
+joys, was now my needy Mother, not my cruel Stepdame; Man, with his so mad
+Wants and so mean Endeavors, had become the dearer to me; and even for his
+sufferings and his sins, I now first named him Brother.  Thus was I
+standing in the porch of that '_Sanctuary of Sorrow_;' by strange, steep
+ways had I too been guided thither; and ere long its sacred gates would
+open, and the '_Divine Depth of Sorrow_' lie disclosed to me."
+
+The Professor says, he here first got eye on the Knot that had been
+strangling him, and straightway could unfasten it, and was free.  "A vain
+interminable controversy," writes he, "touching what is at present called
+Origin of Evil, or some such thing, arises in every soul, since the
+beginning of the world; and in every soul, that would pass from idle
+Suffering into actual Endeavoring, must first be put an end to.  The most,
+in our time, have to go content with a simple, incomplete enough
+Suppression of this controversy; to a few some Solution of it is
+indispensable.  In every new era, too, such Solution comes out in different
+terms; and ever the Solution of the last era has become obsolete, and is
+found unserviceable.  For it is man's nature to change his Dialect from
+century to century; he cannot help it though he would.  The authentic
+_Church-Catechism_ of our present century has not yet fallen into my hands:
+meanwhile, for my own private behoof I attempt to elucidate the matter so.
+Man's Unhappiness, as I construe, comes of his Greatness; it is because
+there is an Infinite in him, which with all his cunning he cannot quite
+bury under the Finite.  Will the whole Finance Ministers and Upholsterers
+and Confectioners of modern Europe undertake, in joint-stock company, to
+make one Shoeblack HAPPY?  They cannot accomplish it, above an hour or two:
+for the Shoeblack also has a Soul quite other than his Stomach; and would
+require, if you consider it, for his permanent satisfaction and saturation,
+simply this allotment, no more, and no less:  _God's infinite Universe
+altogether to himself_, therein to enjoy infinitely, and fill every wish as
+fast as it rose.  Oceans of Hochheimer, a Throat like that of Ophiuchus:
+speak not of them; to the infinite Shoeblack they are as nothing.  No
+sooner is your ocean filled, than he grumbles that it might have been of
+better vintage.  Try him with half of a Universe, of an Omnipotence, he
+sets to quarrelling with the proprietor of the other half, and declares
+himself the most maltreated of men.--Always there is a black spot in our
+sunshine:  it is even, as I said, the _Shadow of Ourselves_.
+
+"But the whim we have of Happiness is somewhat thus.  By certain
+valuations, and averages, of our own striking, we come upon some sort of
+average terrestrial lot; this we fancy belongs to us by nature, and of
+indefeasible right.  It is simple payment of our wages, of our deserts;
+requires neither thanks nor complaint; only such _overplus_ as there may be
+do we account Happiness; any _deficit_ again is Misery.  Now consider that
+we have the valuation of our own deserts ourselves, and what a fund of
+Self-conceit there is in each of us,--do you wonder that the balance should
+so often dip the wrong way, and many a Blockhead cry:  See there, what a
+payment; was ever worthy gentleman so used!--I tell thee, Blockhead, it all
+comes of thy Vanity; of what thou _fanciest_ those same deserts of thine to
+be.  Fancy that thou deservest to be hanged (as is most likely), thou wilt
+feel it happiness to be only shot:  fancy that thou deservest to be hanged
+in a hair-halter, it will be a luxury to die in hemp.
+
+"So true is it, what I then said, that _the Fraction of Life can be
+increased in value not so much by increasing your Numerator as by lessening
+your Denominator_.  Nay, unless my Algebra deceive me, _Unity_ itself
+divided by _Zero_ will give _Infinity_.  Make thy claim of wages a zero,
+then; thou hast the world under thy feet.  Well did the Wisest of our time
+write:  'It is only with Renunciation (_Entsagen_) that Life, properly
+speaking, can be said to begin.'
+
+"I asked myself:  What is this that, ever since earliest years, thou hast
+been fretting and fuming, and lamenting and self-tormenting, on account of?
+Say it in a word:  is it not because thou art not HAPPY?  Because the THOU
+(sweet gentleman) is not sufficiently honored, nourished, soft-bedded, and
+lovingly cared for?  Foolish soul!  What Act of Legislature was there that
+_thou_ shouldst be Happy?  A little while ago thou hadst no right to _be_
+at all.  What if thou wert born and predestined not to be Happy, but to be
+Unhappy!  Art thou nothing other than a Vulture, then, that fliest through
+the Universe seeking after somewhat to _eat_; and shrieking dolefully
+because carrion enough is not given thee?  Close thy _Byron_; open thy
+_Goethe_."
+
+"_Es leuchtet mir ein_, I see a glimpse of it!" cries he elsewhere:  "there
+is in man a HIGHER than Love of Happiness:  he can do without Happiness,
+and instead thereof find Blessedness!  Was it not to preach forth this same
+HIGHER that sages and martyrs, the Poet and the Priest, in all times, have
+spoken and suffered; bearing testimony, through life and through death, of
+the Godlike that is in Man, and how in the Godlike only has he Strength and
+Freedom?  Which God-inspiredd Doctrine art thou also honored to be taught;
+O Heavens! and broken with manifold merciful Afflictions, even till thou
+become contrite and learn it!  Oh, thank thy Destiny for these; thankfully
+bear what yet remain:  thou hadst need of them; the Self in thee needed to
+be annihilated.  By benignant fever-paroxysms is Life rooting out the
+deep-seated chronic Disease, and triumphs over Death.  On the roaring
+billows of Time, thou art not engulfed, but borne aloft into the azure of
+Eternity.  Love not Pleasure; love God.  This is the EVERLASTING YEA,
+wherein all contradiction is solved:  wherein whoso walks and works, it is
+well with him."
+
+And again:  "Small is it that thou canst trample the Earth with its
+injuries under thy feet, as old Greek Zeno trained thee:  thou canst love
+the Earth while it injures thee, and even because it injures thee; for this
+a Greater than Zeno was needed, and he too was sent.  Knowest thou that
+'_Worship of Sorrow_'?  The Temple thereof, founded some eighteen centuries
+ago, now lies in ruins, overgrown with jungle, the habitation of doleful
+creatures:  nevertheless, venture forward; in a low crypt, arched out of
+falling fragments, thou findest the Altar still there, and its sacred Lamp
+perennially burning."
+
+Without pretending to comment on which strange utterances, the Editor will
+only remark, that there lies beside them much of a still more questionable
+character; unsuited to the general apprehension; nay wherein he himself
+does not see his way.  Nebulous disquisitions on Religion, yet not without
+bursts of splendor; on the "perennial continuance of Inspiration;" on
+Prophecy; that there are "true Priests, as well as Baal-Priests, in our own
+day:"  with more of the like sort.  We select some fractions, by way of
+finish to this farrago.
+
+"Cease, my much-respected Herr von Voltaire," thus apostrophizes the
+Professor:  "shut thy sweet voice; for the task appointed thee seems
+finished.  Sufficiently hast thou demonstrated this proposition,
+considerable or otherwise:  That the Mythus of the Christian Religion looks
+not in the eighteenth century as it did in the eighth.  Alas, were thy
+six-and-thirty quartos, and the six-and-thirty thousand other quartos and
+folios, and flying sheets or reams, printed before and since on the same
+subject, all needed to convince us of so little!  But what next?  Wilt thou
+help us to embody the divine Spirit of that Religion in a new Mythus, in a
+new vehicle and vesture, that our Souls, otherwise too like perishing, may
+live?  What! thou hast no faculty in that kind?  Only a torch for burning,
+no hammer for building?  Take our thanks, then, and--thyself away.
+
+"Meanwhile what are antiquated Mythuses to me?  Or is the God present, felt
+in my own heart, a thing which Herr von Voltaire will dispute out of me; or
+dispute into me?  To the '_Worship of Sorrow_' ascribe what origin and
+genesis thou pleasest, _has_ not that Worship originated, and been
+generated; is it not _here_?  Feel it in thy heart, and then say whether it
+is of God!  This is Belief; all else is Opinion,--for which latter whoso
+will, let him worry and be worried."
+
+"Neither," observes he elsewhere, "shall ye tear out one another's eyes,
+struggling over 'Plenary Inspiration,' and such like:  try rather to get a
+little even Partial Inspiration, each of you for himself.  One BIBLE I
+know, of whose Plenary Inspiration doubt is not so much as possible; nay
+with my own eyes I saw the God's-Hand writing it:  thereof all other Bibles
+are but Leaves,--say, in Picture-Writing to assist the weaker faculty."
+
+Or, to give the wearied reader relief, and bring it to an end, let him take
+the following perhaps more intelligible passage:--
+
+"To me, in this our life," says the Professor, "which is an internecine
+warfare with the Time-spirit, other warfare seems questionable.  Hast thou
+in any way a contention with thy brother, I advise thee, think well what
+the meaning thereof is.  If thou gauge it to the bottom, it is simply this:
+'Fellow, see! thou art taking more than thy share of Happiness in the
+world, something from my share:  which, by the Heavens, thou shalt not; nay
+I will fight thee rather.'--Alas, and the whole lot to be divided is such a
+beggarly matter, truly a 'feast of shells,' for the substance has been
+spilled out:  not enough to quench one Appetite; and the collective human
+species clutching at them!--Can we not, in all such cases, rather say:
+'Take it, thou too-ravenous individual; take that pitiful additional
+fraction of a share, which I reckoned mine, but which thou so wantest; take
+it with a blessing:  would to Heaven I had enough for thee!'--If Fichte's
+_Wissenschaftslehre_ be, 'to a certain extent, Applied Christianity,'
+surely to a still greater extent, so is this.  We have here not a Whole
+Duty of Man, yet a Half Duty, namely the Passive half:  could we but do it,
+as we can demonstrate it!
+
+"But indeed Conviction, were it never so excellent, is worthless till it
+convert itself into Conduct.  Nay properly Conviction is not possible till
+then; inasmuch as all Speculation is by nature endless, formless, a vortex
+amid vortices, only by a felt indubitable certainty of Experience does it
+find any centre to revolve round, and so fashion itself into a system.
+Most true is it, as a wise man teaches us, that 'Doubt of any sort cannot
+be removed except by Action.' On which ground, too, let him who gropes
+painfully in darkness or uncertain light, and prays vehemently that the
+dawn may ripen into day, lay this other precept well to heart, which to me
+was of invaluable service:  '_Do the Duty which lies nearest thee_,' which
+thou knowest to be a Duty!  Thy second Duty will already have become
+clearer.
+
+"May we not say, however, that the hour of Spiritual Enfranchisement is
+even this:  When your Ideal World, wherein the whole man has been dimly
+struggling and inexpressibly languishing to work, becomes revealed, and
+thrown open; and you discover, with amazement enough, like the Lothario in
+_Wilhelm Meister_, that your 'America is here or nowhere'?  The Situation
+that has not its Duty, its Ideal, was never yet occupied by man.  Yes here,
+in this poor, miserable, hampered, despicable Actual, wherein thou even now
+standest, here or nowhere is thy Ideal:  work it out therefrom; and
+working, believe, live, be free.  Fool! the Ideal is in thyself, the
+impediment too is in thyself:  thy Condition is but the stuff thou art to
+shape that same Ideal out of:  what matters whether such stuff be of this
+sort or that, so the Form thou give it be heroic, be poetic? O thou that
+pinest in the imprisonment of the Actual, and criest bitterly to the gods
+for a kingdom wherein to rule and create, know this of a truth:  the thing
+thou seekest is already with thee, 'here or nowhere,' couldst thou only
+see!
+
+"But it is with man's Soul as it was with Nature:  the beginning of
+Creation is--Light.  Till the eye have vision, the whole members are in
+bonds.  Divine moment, when over the tempest-tost Soul, as once over the
+wild-weltering Chaos, it is spoken:  Let there be Light!  Ever to the
+greatest that has felt such moment, is it not miraculous and
+God-announcing; even as, under simpler figures, to the simplest and least.
+The mad primeval Discord is hushed; the rudely jumbled conflicting elements
+bind themselves into separate Firmaments:  deep silent rock-foundations are
+built beneath; and the skyey vault with its everlasting Luminaries above:
+instead of a dark wasteful Chaos, we have a blooming, fertile,
+heaven-encompassed World.
+
+"I too could now say to myself:  Be no longer a Chaos, but a World, or even
+Worldkin.  Produce!  Produce!  Were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal
+fraction of a Product, produce it, in God's name!  'Tis the utmost thou
+hast in thee:  out with it, then.  Up, up!  Whatsoever thy hand findeth to
+do, do it with thy whole might.  Work while it is called To-day; for the
+Night cometh, wherein no man can work."
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+PAUSE.
+
+Thus have we, as closely and perhaps satisfactorily as, in such
+circumstances, might be, followed Teufelsdrockh, through the various
+successive states and stages of Growth, Entanglement, Unbelief, and almost
+Reprobation, into a certain clearer state of what he himself seems to
+consider as Conversion.  "Blame not the word," says he; "rejoice rather
+that such a word, signifying such a thing, has come to light in our modern
+Era, though hidden from the wisest Ancients.  The Old World knew nothing of
+Conversion; instead of an _Ecce Homo_, they had only some _Choice of
+Hercules_.  It was a new-attained progress in the Moral Development of man:
+hereby has the Highest come home to the bosoms of the most Limited; what to
+Plato was but a hallucination, and to Socrates a chimera, is now clear and
+certain to your Zinzendorfs, your Wesleys, and the poorest of their
+Pietists and Methodists."
+
+It is here, then, that the spiritual majority of Teufelsdrockh commences:
+we are henceforth to see him "work in well-doing," with the spirit and
+clear aims of a Man.  He has discovered that the Ideal Workshop he so
+panted for is even this same Actual ill-furnished Workshop he has so long
+been stumbling in.  He can say to himself:  "Tools?  Thou hast no Tools?
+Why, there is not a Man, or a Thing, now alive but has tools.  The basest
+of created animalcules, the Spider itself, has a spinning-jenny, and
+warping-mill, and power-loom within its head:  the stupidest of Oysters has
+a Papin's-Digester, with stone-and-lime house to hold it in:  every being
+that can live can do something:  this let him _do_.-- Tools?  Hast thou not
+a Brain, furnished, furnishable with some glimmerings of Light; and three
+fingers to hold a Pen withal?  Never since Aaron's Rod went out of
+practice, or even before it, was there such a wonder-working Tool:  greater
+than all recorded miracles have been performed by Pens.  For strangely in
+this so solid-seeming World, which nevertheless is in continual restless
+flux, it is appointed that _Sound_, to appearance the most fleeting, should
+be the most continuing of all things.  The WORD is well said to be
+omnipotent in this world; man, thereby divine, can create as by a _Fiat_.
+Awake, arise!  Speak forth what is in thee; what God has given thee, what
+the Devil shall not take away.  Higher task than that of Priesthood was
+allotted to no man:  wert thou but the meanest in that sacred Hierarchy, is
+it not honor enough therein to spend and be spent?
+
+"By this Art, which whoso will may sacrilegiously degrade into a
+handicraft," adds Teufelsdrockh, "have I thenceforth abidden.  Writings of
+mine, not indeed known as mine (for what am I?), have fallen, perhaps not
+altogether void, into the mighty seedfield of Opinion; fruits of my unseen
+sowing gratifyingly meet me here and there.  I thank the Heavens that I
+have now found my Calling; wherein, with or without perceptible result, I
+am minded diligently to persevere.
+
+"Nay how knowest thou," cries he, "but this and the other pregnant Device,
+now grown to be a world-renowned far-working Institution; like a grain of
+right mustard-seed once cast into the right soil, and now stretching out
+strong boughs to the four winds, for the birds of the air to lodge in,--may
+have been properly my doing?  Some one's doing, it without doubt was; from
+some Idea, in some single Head, it did first of all take beginning:  why
+not from some Idea in mine?"  Does Teufelsdrockh, here glance at that
+"SOCIETY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF PROPERTY (_Eigenthums-conservirende
+Gesellschaft_)," of which so many ambiguous notices glide spectra-like
+through these inexpressible Paper-bags?  "An Institution," hints he, "not
+unsuitable to the wants of the time; as indeed such sudden extension
+proves:  for already can the Society number, among its office-bearers or
+corresponding members, the highest Names, if not the highest Persons, in
+Germany, England, France; and contributions, both of money and of
+meditation pour in from all quarters; to, if possible, enlist the remaining
+Integrity of the world, and, defensively and with forethought, marshal it
+round this Palladium."  Does Teufelsdrockh mean, then, to give himself out
+as the originator of that so notable _Eigenthums-conservirende_
+("Owndom-conserving") _Gesellschaft_; and if so, what, in the Devil's name,
+is it?  He again hints:  "At a time when the divine Commandment, _Thou
+shalt not steal_, wherein truly, if well understood, is comprised the whole
+Hebrew Decalogue, with Solon's and Lycurgrus's Constitutions, Justinian's
+Pandects, the Code Napoleon, and all Codes, Catechisms, Divinities,
+Moralities whatsoever, that man has hitherto devised (and enforced with
+Altar-fire and Gallows-ropes) for his social guidance:  at a time, I say,
+when this divine Commandment has all but faded away from the general
+remembrance; and, with little disguise, a new opposite Commandment, _Thou
+shalt steal_, is everywhere promulgated,--it perhaps behooved, in this
+universal dotage and deliration, the sound portion of mankind to bestir
+themselves and rally.  When the widest and wildest violations of that
+divine right of Property, the only divine right now extant or conceivable,
+are sanctioned and recommended by a vicious Press, and the world has lived
+to hear it asserted that _we have no Property in our very Bodies, but only
+an accidental Possession and Life-rent_, what is the issue to be looked
+for?  Hangmen and Catchpoles may, by their noose-gins and baited
+fall-traps, keep down the smaller sort of vermin; but what, except perhaps
+some such Universal Association, can protect us against whole
+meat-devouring and man-devouring hosts of Boa-constrictors.  If, therefore,
+the more sequestered Thinker have wondered, in his privacy, from what hand
+that perhaps not ill-written _Program_ in the Public Journals, with its
+high _Prize-Questions_ and so liberal _Prizes_, could have proceeded,--let
+him now cease such wonder; and, with undivided faculty, betake himself to
+the _Concurrenz_ (Competition)."
+
+We ask:  Has this same "perhaps not ill-written _Program_," or any other
+authentic Transaction of that Property-conserving Society, fallen under the
+eye of the British Reader, in any Journal foreign or domestic?  If so, what
+are those _Prize-Questions_; what are the terms of Competition, and when
+and where?  No printed Newspaper-leaf, no farther light of any sort, to be
+met with in these Paper-bags!  Or is the whole business one other of those
+whimsicalities and perverse inexplicabilities, whereby Herr Teufelsdrockh,
+meaning much or nothing, is pleased so often to play fast-and-loose with
+us?
+
+
+Here, indeed, at length, must the Editor give utterance to a painful
+suspicion, which, through late Chapters, has begun to haunt him; paralyzing
+any little enthusiasm that might still have rendered his thorny
+Biographical task a labor of love.  It is a suspicion grounded perhaps on
+trifles, yet confirmed almost into certainty by the more and more
+discernible humoristico-satirical tendency of Teufelsdrockh, in whom
+underground humors and intricate sardonic rogueries, wheel within wheel,
+defy all reckoning:  a suspicion, in one word, that these Autobiographical
+Documents are partly a mystification!  What if many a so-called Fact were
+little better than a Fiction; if here we had no direct Camera-obscura
+Picture of the Professor's History; but only some more or less fantastic
+Adumbration, symbolically, perhaps significantly enough, shadowing forth
+the same!  Our theory begins to be that, in receiving as literally
+authentic what was but hieroglyphically so, Hofrath Heuschrecke, whom in
+that case we scruple not to name Hofrath Nose-of-Wax, was made a fool of,
+and set adrift to make fools of others.  Could it be expected, indeed, that
+a man so known for impenetrable reticence as Teufelsdrockh would all at
+once frankly unlock his private citadel to an English Editor and a German
+Hofrath; and not rather deceptively _in_lock both Editor and Hofrath in the
+labyrinthic tortuosities and covered-ways of said citadel (having enticed
+them thither), to see, in his half-devilish way, how the fools would look?
+
+Of one fool, however, the Herr Professor will perhaps find himself short.
+On a small slip, formerly thrown aside as blank, the ink being all but
+invisible, we lately noticed, and with effort decipher, the following:
+"What are your historical Facts; still more your biographical?  Wilt thou
+know a Man, above all a Mankind, by stringing together bead-rolls of what
+thou namest Facts?  The Man is the spirit he worked in; not what he did,
+but what he became.  Facts are engraved Hierograms, for which the fewest
+have the key.  And then how your Blockhead (_Dummkopf_) studies not their
+Meaning; but simply whether they are well or ill cut, what he calls Moral
+or Immoral!  Still worse is it with your Bungler (_Pfuscher_):  such I have
+seen reading some Rousseau, with pretences of interpretation; and mistaking
+the ill-cut Serpent-of-Eternity for a common poisonous reptile."  Was the
+Professor apprehensive lest an Editor, selected as the present boasts
+himself, might mistake the Teufelsdrockh Serpent-of-Eternity in like
+manner?  For which reason it was to be altered, not without underhand
+satire, into a plainer Symbol?  Or is this merely one of his half-sophisms,
+half-truisms, which if he can but set on the back of a Figure, he cares not
+whither it gallop?  We say not with certainty; and indeed, so strange is
+the Professor, can never say.  If our suspicion be wholly unfounded, let
+his own questionable ways, not our necessary circumspectness bear the
+blame.
+
+But be this as it will, the somewhat exasperated and indeed exhausted
+Editor determines here to shut these Paper-bags for the present.  Let it
+suffice that we know of Teufelsdrockh, so far, if "not what he did, yet
+what he became:"  the rather, as his character has now taken its ultimate
+bent, and no new revolution, of importance, is to be looked for.  The
+imprisoned Chrysalis is now a winged Psyche:  and such, wheresoever be its
+flight, it will continue.  To trace by what complex gyrations (flights or
+involuntary waftings) through the mere external Life-element,
+Teufelsdrockh, reaches his University Professorship, and the Psyche clothes
+herself in civic Titles, without altering her now fixed nature,--would be
+comparatively an unproductive task, were we even unsuspicious of its being,
+for us at least, a false and impossible one.  His outward Biography,
+therefore, which, at the Blumine Lover's-Leap, we saw churned utterly into
+spray-vapor, may hover in that condition, for aught that concerns us here.
+Enough that by survey of certain "pools and plashes," we have ascertained
+its general direction; do we not already know that, by one way and other,
+it _has_ long since rained down again into a stream; and even now, at
+Weissnichtwo, flows deep and still, fraught with the _Philosophy of
+Clothes_, and visible to whoso will cast eye thereon?  Over much invaluable
+matter, that lies scattered, like jewels among quarry-rubbish, in those
+Paper-catacombs, we may have occasion to glance back, and somewhat will
+demand insertion at the right place:  meanwhile be our tiresome diggings
+therein suspended.
+
+If now, before reopening the great _Clothes-Volume_, we ask what our degree
+of progress, during these Ten Chapters, has been, towards right
+understanding of the _Clothes-Philosophy_, let not our discouragement
+become total.  To speak in that old figure of the Hell-gate Bridge over
+Chaos, a few flying pontoons have perhaps been added, though as yet they
+drift straggling on the Flood; how far they will reach, when once the
+chains are straightened and fastened, can, at present, only be matter of
+conjecture.
+
+So much we already calculate:  Through many a little loophole, we have had
+glimpses into the internal world of Teufelsdrockh; his strange mystic,
+almost magic Diagram of the Universe, and how it was gradually drawn, is
+not henceforth altogether dark to us.  Those mysterious ideas on TIME,
+which merit consideration, and are not wholly unintelligible with such, may
+by and by prove significant.  Still more may his somewhat peculiar view of
+Nature, the decisive Oneness he ascribes to Nature.  How all Nature and
+Life are but one _Garment_, a "Living Garment," woven and ever a-weaving in
+the "Loom of Time;" is not here, indeed, the outline of a whole
+_Clothes-Philosophy_; at least the arena it is to work in?  Remark, too,
+that the Character of the Man, nowise without meaning in such a matter,
+becomes less enigmatic:  amid so much tumultuous obscurity, almost like
+diluted madness, do not a certain indomitable Defiance and yet a boundless
+Reverence seem to loom forth, as the two mountain-summits, on whose
+rock-strata all the rest were based and built?
+
+Nay further, may we not say that Teufelsdrockh's Biography, allowing it
+even, as suspected, only a hieroglyphical truth, exhibits a man, as it were
+preappointed for Clothes-Philosophy?  To look through the Shows of things
+into Things themselves he is led and compelled.  The "Passivity" given him
+by birth is fostered by all turns of his fortune.  Everywhere cast out,
+like oil out of water, from mingling in any Employment, in any public
+Communion, he has no portion but Solitude, and a life of Meditation.  The
+whole energy of his existence is directed, through long years, on one task:
+that of enduring pain, if he cannot cure it.  Thus everywhere do the Shows
+of things oppress him, withstand him, threaten him with fearfullest
+destruction:  only by victoriously penetrating into Things themselves can
+he find peace and a stronghold. But is not this same looking through the
+Shows, or Vestures, into the Things, even the first preliminary to a
+_Philosophy of Clothes_?  Do we not, in all this, discern some beckonings
+towards the true higher purport of such a Philosophy; and what shape it
+must assume with such a man, in such an era?
+
+Perhaps in entering on Book Third, the courteous Reader is not utterly
+without guess whither he is bound:  nor, let us hope, for all the fantastic
+Dream-Grottos through which, as is our lot with Teufelsdrockh, he must
+wander, will there be wanting between whiles some twinkling of a steady
+Polar Star.
+
+
+
+BOOK III.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+INCIDENT IN MODERN HISTORY.
+
+As a wonder-loving and wonder-seeking man, Teufelsdrockh, from an early
+part of this Clothes-Volume, has more and more exhibited himself.  Striking
+it was, amid all his perverse cloudiness, with what force of vision and of
+heart he pierced into the mystery of the World; recognizing in the highest
+sensible phenomena, so far as Sense went, only fresh or faded Raiment; yet
+ever, under this, a celestial Essence thereby rendered visible:  and while,
+on the one hand, he trod the old rags of Matter, with their tinsels, into
+the mire, he on the other everywhere exalted Spirit above all earthly
+principalities and powers, and worshipped it, though under the meanest
+shapes, with a true Platonic mysticism.  What the man ultimately purposed
+by thus casting his Greek-fire into the general Wardrobe of the Universe;
+what such, more or less complete, rending and burning of Garments
+throughout the whole compass of Civilized Life and Speculation, should lead
+to; the rather as he was no Adamite, in any sense, and could not, like
+Rousseau, recommend either bodily or intellectual Nudity, and a return to
+the savage state:  all this our readers are now bent to discover; this is,
+in fact, properly the gist and purport of Professor Teufelsdrockh's
+Philosophy of Clothes.
+
+Be it remembered, however, that such purport is here not so much evolved,
+as detected to lie ready for evolving.  We are to guide our British Friends
+into the new Gold-country, and show them the mines; nowise to dig out and
+exhaust its wealth, which indeed remains for all time inexhaustible.  Once
+there, let each dig for his own behoof, and enrich himself.
+
+Neither, in so capricious inexpressible a Work as this of the Professor's,
+can our course now more than formerly be straightforward, step by step, but
+at best leap by leap.  Significant Indications stand out here and there;
+which for the critical eye, that looks both widely and narrowly, shape
+themselves into some ground-scheme of a Whole:  to select these with
+judgment, so that a leap from one to the other be possible, and (in our old
+figure) by chaining them together, a passable Bridge be effected:  this, as
+heretofore, continues our only method.  Among such light-spots, the
+following, floating in much wild matter about _Perfectibility_, has seemed
+worth clutching at:--
+
+"Perhaps the most remarkable incident in Modern History," says
+Teufelsdrockh, "is not the Diet of Worms, still less the Battle of
+Austerlitz, Waterloo, Peterloo, or any other Battle; but an incident passed
+carelessly over by most Historians, and treated with some degree of
+ridicule by others:  namely, George Fox's making to himself a suit of
+Leather.  This man, the first of the Quakers, and by trade a Shoemaker, was
+one of those, to whom, under ruder or purer form, the Divine Idea of the
+Universe is pleased to manifest itself; and, across all the hulls of
+Ignorance and earthly Degradation, shine through, in unspeakable Awfulness,
+unspeakable Beauty, on their souls:  who therefore are rightly accounted
+Prophets, God-possessed; or even Gods, as in some periods it has chanced.
+Sitting in his stall; working on tanned hides, amid pincers, paste-horns,
+rosin, swine-bristles, and a nameless flood of rubbish, this youth had,
+nevertheless, a Living Spirit belonging to him; also an antique Inspired
+Volume, through which, as through a window, it could look upwards, and
+discern its celestial Home.  The task of a daily pair of shoes, coupled
+even with some prospect of victuals, and an honorable Mastership in
+Cordwainery, and perhaps the post of Thirdborough in his hundred, as the
+crown of long faithful sewing,--was nowise satisfaction enough to such a
+mind:  but ever amid the boring and hammering came tones from that far
+country, came Splendors and Terrors; for this poor Cordwainer, as we said,
+was a Man; and the Temple of Immensity, wherein as Man he had been sent to
+minister, was full of holy mystery to him.
+
+"The Clergy of the neighborhood, the ordained Watchers and Interpreters of
+that same holy mystery, listened with un-affected tedium to his
+consultations, and advised him, as the solution of such doubts, to 'drink
+beer, and dance with the girls.'  Blind leaders of the blind!  For what end
+were their tithes levied and eaten; for what were their shovel-hats scooped
+out, and their surplices and cassock-aprons girt on; and such a
+church-repairing, and chaffering, and organing, and other racketing, held
+over that spot of God's Earth,--if Man were but a Patent Digester, and the
+Belly with its adjuncts the grand Reality?  Fox turned from them, with
+tears and a sacred scorn, back to his Leather-parings and his Bible.
+Mountains of encumbrance, higher than AEtna, had been heaped over that
+Spirit:  but it was a Spirit, and would not lie buried there.  Through long
+days and nights of silent agony, it struggled and wrestled, with a man's
+force, to be free:  how its prison-mountains heaved and swayed
+tumultuously, as the giant spirit shook them to this hand and that, and
+emerged into the light of Heaven!  That Leicester shoe-shop, had men known
+it, was a holier place than any Vatican or Loretto-shrine.--'So bandaged,
+and hampered, and hemmed in,' groaned he, 'with thousand requisitions,
+obligations, straps, tatters, and tagrags, I can neither see nor move:  not
+my own am I, but the World's; and Time flies fast, and Heaven is high, and
+Hell is deep:  Man! bethink thee, if thou hast power of Thought!  Why not;
+what binds me here?  Want, want!--Ha, of what?  Will all the shoe-wages
+under the Moon ferry me across into that far Land of Light?  Only
+Meditation can, and devout Prayer to God.  I will to the woods:  the hollow
+of a tree will lodge me, wild berries feed me; and for Clothes, cannot I
+stitch myself one perennial suit of Leather!'
+
+"Historical Oil-painting," continues Teufelsdrockh, "is one of the Arts I
+never practiced; therefore shall I not decide whether this subject were
+easy of execution on the canvas. Yet often has it seemed to me as if such
+first outflashing of man's Freewill, to lighten, more and more into Day,
+the Chaotic Night that threatened to engulf him in its hindrances and its
+horrors, were properly the only grandeur there is in History.  Let some
+living Angelo or Rosa, with seeing eye and understanding heart, picture
+George Fox on that morning, when he spreads out his cutting-board for the
+last time, and cuts cowhides by unwonted patterns, and stitches them
+together into one continuous all-including Case, the farewell service of
+his awl!  Stitch away, thou noble Fox:  every prick of that little
+instrument is pricking into the heart of Slavery, and World-worship, and
+the Mammon-god.  Thy elbows jerk, as in strong swimmer-strokes, and every
+stroke is bearing thee across the Prison-ditch, within which Vanity holds
+her Workhouse and Ragfair, into lands of true Liberty; were the work done,
+there is in broad Europe one Free Man, and thou art he!
+
+"Thus from the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height; and for
+the Poor also a Gospel has been published.  Surely if, as D'Alembert
+asserts, my illustrious namesake, Diogenes, was the greatest man of
+Antiquity, only that he wanted Decency, then by stronger reason is George
+Fox the greatest of the Moderns, and greater than Diogenes himself:  for he
+too stands on the adamantine basis of his Manhood, casting aside all props
+and shoars; yet not, in half-savage Pride, undervaluing the Earth; valuing
+it rather, as a place to yield him warmth and food, he looks Heavenward
+from his Earth, and dwells in an element of Mercy and Worship, with a still
+Strength, such as the Cynic's Tub did nowise witness.  Great, truly, was
+that Tub; a temple from which man's dignity and divinity was scornfully
+preached abroad:  but greater is the Leather Hull, for the same sermon was
+preached there, and not in Scorn but in Love."
+
+
+George Fox's "perennial suit," with all that it held, has been worn quite
+into ashes for nigh two centuries:  why, in a discussion on the
+_Perfectibility of Society_, reproduce it now?  Not out of blind sectarian
+partisanship:  Teufelsdrockh, himself is no Quaker; with all his pacific
+tendencies, did not we see him, in that scene at the North Cape, with the
+Archangel Smuggler, exhibit fire-arms?
+
+For us, aware of his deep Sansculottism, there is more meant in this
+passage than meets the ear.  At the same time, who can avoid smiling at the
+earnestness and Boeotian simplicity (if indeed there be not an underhand
+satire in it), with which that "Incident" is here brought forward; and, in
+the Professor's ambiguous way, as clearly perhaps as he durst in
+Weissnichtwo, recommended to imitation!  Does Teufelsdrockh anticipate
+that, in this age of refinement, any considerable class of the community,
+by way of testifying against the "Mammon-god," and escaping from what he
+calls "Vanity's Workhouse and Ragfair," where doubtless some of them are
+toiled and whipped and hoodwinked sufficiently,--will sheathe themselves in
+close-fitting cases of Leather?  The idea is ridiculous in the extreme.
+Will Majesty lay aside its robes of state, and Beauty its frills and
+train-gowns, for a second skin of tanned hide?  By which change
+Huddersfield and Manchester, and Coventry and Paisley, and the
+Fancy-Bazaar, were reduced to hungry solitudes; and only Day and Martin
+could profit.  For neither would Teufelsdrockh's mad daydream, here as we
+presume covertly intended, of levelling Society (_levelling_ it indeed with
+a vengeance, into one huge drowned marsh!), and so attaining the political
+effects of Nudity without its frigorific or other consequences,--be thereby
+realized.  Would not the rich man purchase a waterproof suit of Russia
+Leather; and the high-born Belle step forth in red or azure morocco, lined
+with shamoy:  the black cowhide being left to the Drudges and Gibeonites of
+the world; and so all the old Distinctions be re-established?
+
+Or has the Professor his own deeper intention; and laughs in his sleeve at
+our strictures and glosses, which indeed are but a part thereof?
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+CHURCH-CLOTHES.
+
+Not less questionable is his Chapter on _Church-Clothes_, which has the
+farther distinction of being the shortest in the Volume.  We here translate
+it entire:--
+
+"By Church-Clothes, it need not be premised that I mean infinitely more
+than Cassocks and Surplices; and do not at all mean the mere haberdasher
+Sunday Clothes that men go to Church in.  Far from it!  Church-Clothes are,
+in our vocabulary, the Forms, the _Vestures_, under which men have at
+various periods embodied and represented for themselves the Religious
+Principle; that is to say, invested the Divine Idea of the World with a
+sensible and practically active Body, so that it might dwell among them as
+a living and life-giving WORD.
+
+"These are unspeakably the most important of all the vestures and
+garnitures of Human Existence.  They are first spun and woven, I may say,
+by that wonder of wonders, SOCIETY; for it is still only when 'two or three
+are gathered together,' that Religion, spiritually existent, and indeed
+indestructible, however latent, in each, first outwardly manifests itself
+(as with 'cloven tongues of fire'), and seeks to be embodied in a visible
+Communion and Church Militant.  Mystical, more than magical, is that
+Communing of Soul with Soul, both looking heavenward:  here properly Soul
+first speaks with Soul; for only in looking heavenward, take it in what
+sense you may, not in looking earthward, does what we can call Union,
+mutual Love, Society, begin to be possible.  How true is that of Novalis:
+'It is certain, my Belief gains quite _infinitely_ the moment I can
+convince another mind thereof'!  Gaze thou in the face of thy Brother, in
+those eyes where plays the lambent fire of Kindness, or in those where
+rages the lurid conflagration of Anger; feel how thy own so quiet Soul is
+straightway involuntarily kindled with the like, and ye blaze and
+reverberate on each other, till it is all one limitless confluent flame (of
+embracing Love, or of deadly-grappling Hate); and then say what miraculous
+virtue goes out of man into man.  But if so, through all the thick-plied
+hulls of our Earthly Life; how much more when it is of the Divine Life we
+speak, and inmost ME is, as it were, brought into contact with inmost ME!
+
+"Thus was it that I said, the Church Clothes are first spun and woven by
+Society; outward Religion originates by Society, Society becomes possible
+by Religion.  Nay, perhaps, every conceivable Society, past and present,
+may well be figured as properly and wholly a Church, in one or other of
+these three predicaments:  an audibly preaching and prophesying Church,
+which is the best; second, a Church that struggles to preach and prophesy,
+but cannot as yet, till its Pentecost come; and third and worst, a Church
+gone dumb with old age, or which only mumbles delirium prior to
+dissolution.  Whoso fancies that by Church is here meant Chapter-houses and
+Cathedrals, or by preaching and prophesying, mere speech and chanting, let
+him," says the oracular Professor, "read on, light of heart (_getrosten
+Muthes_).
+
+"But with regard to your Church proper, and the Church-Clothes specially
+recognized as Church-Clothes, I remark, fearlessly enough, that without
+such Vestures and sacred Tissues Society has not existed, and will not
+exist.  For if Government is, so to speak, the outward SKIN of the Body
+Politic, holding the whole together and protecting it; and all your
+Craft-Guilds, and Associations for Industry, of hand or of head, are the
+Fleshly Clothes, the muscular and osseous Tissues (lying _under_ such
+SKIN), whereby Society stands and works;--then is Religion the inmost
+Pericardial and Nervous Tissue, which ministers Life and warm Circulation
+to the whole.  Without which Pericardial Tissue the Bones and Muscles (of
+Industry) were inert, or animated only by a Galvanic vitality; the SKIN
+would become a shrivelled pelt, or fast-rotting rawhide; and Society itself
+a dead carcass,--deserving to be buried.  Men were no longer Social, but
+Gregarious; which latter state also could not continue, but must gradually
+issue in universal selfish discord, hatred, savage isolation, and
+dispersion;--whereby, as we might continue to say, the very dust and dead
+body of Society would have evaporated and become abolished.  Such, and so
+all-important, all-sustaining, are the Church-Clothes to civilized or even
+to rational men.
+
+"Meanwhile, in our era of the World, those same Church-Clothes have gone
+sorrowfully out-at-elbows; nay, far worse, many of them have become mere
+hollow Shapes, or Masks, under which no living Figure or Spirit any longer
+dwells; but only spiders and unclean beetles, in horrid accumulation, drive
+their trade; and the mask still glares on you with its glass eyes, in
+ghastly affectation of Life,--some generation-and-half after Religion has
+quite withdrawn from it, and in unnoticed nooks is weaving for herself new
+Vestures, wherewith to reappear, and bless us, or our sons or grandsons.
+As a Priest, or Interpreter of the Holy, is the noblest and highest of all
+men, so is a Sham-priest (_Schein-priester_) the falsest and basest;
+neither is it doubtful that his Canonicals, were they Popes' Tiaras, will
+one day be torn from him, to make bandages for the wounds of mankind; or
+even to burn into tinder, for general scientific or culinary purposes.
+
+"All which, as out of place here, falls to be handled in my Second Volume,
+_On the Palingenesia, or Newbirth of Society_; which volume, as treating
+practically of the Wear, Destruction, and Retexture of Spiritual Tissues,
+or Garments, forms, properly speaking, the Transcendental or ultimate
+Portion of this my work on _Clothes_, and is already in a state of
+forwardness."
+
+And herewith, no farther exposition, note, or commentary being added, does
+Teufelsdrockh, and must his Editor now, terminate the singular chapter on
+Church-Clothes!
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+SYMBOLS.
+
+Probably it will elucidate the drift of these foregoing obscure utterances,
+if we here insert somewhat of our Professor's speculations on _Symbols_.
+To state his whole doctrine, indeed, were beyond our compass:  nowhere is
+he more mysterious, impalpable, than in this of "Fantasy being the organ of
+the Godlike;" and how "Man thereby, though based, to all seeming, on the
+small Visible, does nevertheless extend down into the infinite deeps of the
+Invisible, of which Invisible, indeed, his Life is properly the bodying
+forth."  Let us, omitting these high transcendental aspects of the matter,
+study to glean (whether from the Paper-bags or the Printed Volume) what
+little seems logical and practical, and cunningly arrange it into such
+degree of coherence as it will assume.  By way of proem, take the following
+not injudicious remarks:--
+
+"The benignant efficacies of Concealment," cries our Professor, "who shall
+speak or sing?  SILENCE and SECRECY! Altars might still be raised to them
+(were this an altar-building time) for universal worship.  Silence is the
+element in which great things fashion themselves together; that at length
+they may emerge, full-formed and majestic, into the daylight of Life, which
+they are thenceforth to rule.  Not William the Silent only, but all the
+considerable men I have known, and the most undiplomatic and unstrategic of
+these, forbore to babble of what they were creating and projecting.  Nay,
+in thy own mean perplexities, do thou thyself but _hold thy tongue for one
+day_:  on the morrow, how much clearer are thy purposes and duties; what
+wreck and rubbish have those mute workmen within thee swept away, when
+intrusive noises were shut out!  Speech is too often not, as the Frenchman
+defined it, the art of concealing Thought; but of quite stifling and
+suspending Thought, so that there is none to conceal.  Speech too is great,
+but not the greatest. As the Swiss Inscription says:  _Sprechen ist
+silbern, Schweigen ist golden_ (Speech is silvern, Silence is golden); or
+as I might rather express it:  Speech is of Time, Silence is of Eternity.
+
+"Bees will not work except in darkness; Thought will not work except in
+Silence:  neither will Virtue work except in Secrecy.  Let not thy left
+hand know what thy right hand doeth!  Neither shalt thou prate even to thy
+own heart of 'those secrets known to all.' Is not Shame (_Schaam_) the soil
+of all Virtue, of all good manners and good morals?  Like other plants,
+Virtue will not grow unless its root be hidden, buried from the eye of the
+sun.  Let the sun shine on it, nay do but look at it privily thyself, the
+root withers, and no flower will glad thee.  O my Friends, when we view the
+fair clustering flowers that overwreathe, for example, the Marriage-bower,
+and encircle man's life with the fragrance and hues of Heaven, what hand
+will not smite the foul plunderer that grubs them up by the roots, and,
+with grinning, grunting satisfaction, shows us the dung they flourish in!
+Men speak much of the Printing Press with its Newspapers:  _du Himmel_!
+what are these to Clothes and the Tailor's Goose?
+
+"Of kin to the so incalculable influences of Concealment, and connected
+with still greater things, is the wondrous agency of _Symbols_.  In a
+Symbol there is concealment and yet revelation; here therefore, by Silence
+and by Speech acting together, comes a double significance.  And if both
+the Speech be itself high, and the Silence fit and noble, how expressive
+will their union be!  Thus in many a painted Device, or simple Seal-emblem,
+the commonest Truth stands out to us proclaimed with quite new emphasis.
+
+"For it is here that Fantasy with her mystic wonderland plays into the
+small prose domain of Sense, and becomes incorporated therewith.  In the
+Symbol proper, what we can call a Symbol, there is ever, more or less
+distinctly and directly, some embodiment and revelation of the Infinite;
+the Infinite is made to blend itself with the Finite, to stand visible, and
+as it were, attainable there.  By Symbols, accordingly, is man guided and
+commanded, made happy, made wretched:  He everywhere finds himself
+encompassed with Symbols, recognized as such or not recognized:  the
+Universe is but one vast Symbol of God; nay if thou wilt have it, what is
+man himself but a Symbol of God; is not all that he does symbolical; a
+revelation to Sense of the mystic god-given force that is in him; a 'Gospel
+of Freedom,' which he, the 'Messias of Nature,' preaches, as he can, by act
+and word?  Not a Hut he builds but is the visible embodiment of a Thought;
+but bears visible record of invisible things; but is, in the transcendental
+sense, symbolical as well as real."
+
+"Man," says the Professor elsewhere, in quite antipodal contrast with these
+high-soaring delineations, which we have here cut short on the verge of the
+inane, "Man is by birth somewhat of an owl.  Perhaps, too, of all the
+owleries that ever possessed him, the most owlish, if we consider it, is
+that of your actually existing Motive-Millwrights.  Fantastic tricks enough
+man has played, in his time; has fancied himself to be most things, down
+even to an animated heap of Glass:  but to fancy himself a dead
+Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on, was reserved for this his
+latter era.  There stands he, his Universe one huge Manger, filled with hay
+and thistles to be weighed against each other; and looks long-eared enough.
+Alas, poor devil!  spectres are appointed to haunt him:  one age he is
+hag-ridden, bewitched; the next, priest-ridden, befooled; in all ages,
+bedevilled.  And now the Genius of Mechanism smothers him worse than any
+Nightmare did; till the Soul is nigh choked out of him, and only a kind of
+Digestive, Mechanic life remains.  In Earth and in Heaven he can see
+nothing but Mechanism; has fear for nothing else, hope in nothing else:
+the world would indeed grind him to pieces; but cannot he fathom the
+Doctrine of Motives, and cunningly compute these, and mechanize them to
+grind the other way?
+
+"Were he not, as has been said, purblinded by enchantment, you had but to
+bid him open his eyes and look.  In which country, in which time, was it
+hitherto that man's history, or the history of any man, went on by
+calculated or calculable 'Motives'?  What make ye of your Christianities,
+and Chivalries, and Reformations, and Marseillaise Hymns, and Reigns of
+Terror?  Nay, has not perhaps the Motive-grinder himself been in _Love_?
+Did he never stand so much as a contested Election?  Leave him to Time, and
+the medicating virtue of Nature."
+
+"Yes, Friends," elsewhere observes the Professor, "not our Logical,
+Mensurative faculty, but our Imaginative one is King over us; I might say,
+Priest and Prophet to lead us heavenward; or Magician and Wizard to lead us
+hellward.  Nay, even for the basest Sensualist, what is Sense but the
+implement of Fantasy; the vessel it drinks out of?  Ever in the dullest
+existence there is a sheen either of Inspiration or of Madness (thou partly
+hast it in thy choice, which of the two), that gleams in from the
+circumambient Eternity, and colors with its own hues our little islet of
+Time.  The Understanding is indeed thy window, too clear thou canst not
+make it; but Fantasy is thy eye, with its color-giving retina, healthy or
+diseased.  Have not I myself known five hundred living soldiers sabred into
+crows'-meat for a piece of glazed cotton, which they called their Flag;
+which, had you sold it at any market-cross, would not have brought above
+three groschen?  Did not the whole Hungarian Nation rise, like some
+tumultuous moon-stirred Atlantic, when Kaiser Joseph pocketed their Iron
+Crown; an implement, as was sagaciously observed, in size and commercial
+value little differing from a horse-shoe?  It is in and through _Symbols_
+that man, consciously or unconsciously, lives, works, and has his being:
+those ages, moreover, are accounted the noblest which can the best
+recognize symbolical worth, and prize it the highest.  For is not a Symbol
+ever, to him who has eyes for it, some dimmer or clearer revelation of the
+Godlike?
+
+"Of Symbols, however, I remark farther, that they have both an extrinsic
+and intrinsic value; oftenest the former only.  What, for instance, was in
+that clouted Shoe, which the Peasants bore aloft with them as ensign in
+their _Bauernkrieg_ (Peasants' War)?  Or in the Wallet-and-staff round
+which the Netherland _Gueux_, glorying in that nickname of Beggars,
+heroically rallied and prevailed, though against King Philip himself?
+Intrinsic significance these had none:  only extrinsic; as the accidental
+Standards of multitudes more or less sacredly uniting together; in which
+union itself, as above noted, there is ever something mystical and
+borrowing of the Godlike.  Under a like category, too, stand, or stood, the
+stupidest heraldic Coats-of-arms; military Banners everywhere; and
+generally all national or other sectarian Costumes and Customs:  they have
+no intrinsic, necessary divineness, or even worth; but have acquired an
+extrinsic one.  Nevertheless through all these there glimmers something of
+a Divine Idea; as through military Banners themselves, the Divine Idea of
+Duty, of heroic Daring; in some instances of Freedom, of Right.  Nay the
+highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the Cross itself, had
+no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.
+
+"Another matter it is, however, when your Symbol has intrinsic meaning, and
+is of itself _fit_ that men should unite round it.  Let but the Godlike
+manifest itself to Sense, let but Eternity look, more or less visibly,
+through the Time-Figure (_Zeitbild_)!  Then is it fit that men unite there;
+and worship together before such Symbol; and so from day to day, and from
+age to age, superadd to it new divineness.
+
+"Of this latter sort are all true Works of Art:  in them (if thou know a
+Work of Art from a Daub of Artifice) wilt thou discern Eternity looking
+through Time; the Godlike rendered visible.  Here too may an extrinsic
+value gradually superadd itself:  thus certain _Iliads_, and the like,
+have, in three thousand years, attained quite new significance.  But nobler
+than all in this kind are the Lives of heroic god-inspired Men; for what
+other Work of Art is so divine?  In Death too, in the Death of the Just, as
+the last perfection of a Work of Art, may we not discern symbolic meaning?
+In that divinely transfigured Sleep, as of Victory, resting over the
+beloved face which now knows thee no more, read (if thou canst for tears)
+the confluence of Time with Eternity, and some gleam of the latter peering
+through.
+
+"Highest of all Symbols are those wherein the Artist or Poet has risen into
+Prophet, and all men can recognize a present God, and worship the Same:  I
+mean religious Symbols.  Various enough have been such religious Symbols,
+what we call _Religions_; as men stood in this stage of culture or the
+other, and could worse or better body forth the Godlike:  some Symbols with
+a transient intrinsic worth; many with only an extrinsic.  If thou ask to
+what height man has carried it in this manner, look on our divinest Symbol:
+on Jesus of Nazareth, and his Life, and his Biography, and what followed
+therefrom.  Higher has the human Thought not yet reached:  this is
+Christianity and Christendom; a Symbol of quite perennial, infinite
+character; whose significance will ever demand to be anew inquired into,
+and anew made manifest.
+
+"But, on the whole, as Time adds much to the sacredness of Symbols, so
+likewise in his progress he at length defaces, or even desecrates them; and
+Symbols, like all terrestrial Garments, wax old.  Homer's Epos has not
+ceased to be true; yet it is no longer our Epos, but shines in the
+distance, if clearer and clearer, yet also smaller and smaller, like a
+receding Star.  It needs a scientific telescope, it needs to be
+reinterpreted and artificially brought near us, before we can so much as
+know that it _was_ a Sun.  So likewise a day comes when the Runic Thor,
+with his Eddas, must withdraw into dimness; and many an African Mumbo-Jumbo
+and Indian Pawaw be utterly abolished.  For all things, even Celestial
+Luminaries, much more atmospheric meteors, have their rise, their
+culmination, their decline.
+
+"Small is this which thou tellest me, that the Royal Sceptre is but a piece
+of gilt wood; that the Pyx has become a most foolish box, and truly, as
+Ancient Pistol thought, 'of little price.'  A right Conjurer might I name
+thee, couldst thou conjure back into these wooden tools the divine virtue
+they once held.
+
+"Of this thing, however, be certain:  wouldst thou plant for Eternity, then
+plant into the deep infinite faculties of man, his Fantasy and Heart;
+wouldst thou plant for Year and Day, then plant into his shallow
+superficial faculties, his Self-love and Arithmetical Understanding, what
+will grow there.  A Hierarch, therefore, and Pontiff of the World will we
+call him, the Poet and inspired Maker; who, Prometheus-like, can shape new
+Symbols, and bring new Fire from Heaven to fix it there.  Such too will not
+always be wanting; neither perhaps now are.  Meanwhile, as the average of
+matters goes, we account him Legislator and wise who can so much as tell
+when a Symbol has grown old, and gently remove it.
+
+"When, as the last English Coronation* I was preparing," concludes this
+wonderful Professor, "I read in their Newspapers that the 'Champion of
+England,' he who has to offer battle to the Universe for his new King, had
+brought it so far that he could now 'mount his horse with little
+assistance,' I said to myself:  Here also we have a Symbol well-nigh
+superannuated.  Alas, move whithersoever you may, are not the tatters and
+rags of superannuated worn-out Symbols (in this Ragfair of a World)
+dropping off everywhere, to hoodwink, to halter, to tether you; nay, if you
+shake them not aside, threatening to accumulate, and perhaps produce
+suffocation?"
+
+*That of George IV.--ED.
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+HELOTAGE.
+
+At this point we determine on adverting shortly, or rather reverting, to a
+certain Tract of Hofrath Heuschrecke's, entitled _Institute for the
+Repression of Population_; which lies, dishonorably enough (with torn
+leaves, and a perceptible smell of aloetic drugs), stuffed into the Bag
+_Pisces_.  Not indeed for the sake of the tract itself, which we admire
+little; but of the marginal Notes, evidently in Teufelsdrockh's hand, which
+rather copiously fringe it.  A few of these may be in their right place
+here.
+
+Into the Hofrath's _Institute_, with its extraordinary schemes, and
+machinery of Corresponding Boards and the like, we shall not so much as
+glance.  Enough for us to understand that Heuschrecke is a disciple of
+Malthus; and so zealous for the doctrine, that his zeal almost literally
+eats him up.  A deadly fear of Population possesses the Hofrath; something
+like a fixed idea; undoubtedly akin to the more diluted forms of Madness.
+Nowhere, in that quarter of his intellectual world, is there light; nothing
+but a grim shadow of Hunger; open mouths opening wider and wider; a world
+to terminate by the frightfullest consummation:  by its too dense
+inhabitants, famished into delirium, universally eating one another.  To
+make air for himself in which strangulation, choking enough to a benevolent
+heart, the Hofrath founds, or proposes to found, this _Institute_ of his,
+as the best he can do.  It is only with our Professor's comments thereon
+that we concern ourselves.
+
+First, then, remark that Teufelsdrockh, as a speculative Radical, has his
+own notions about human dignity; that the Zahdarm palaces and courtesies
+have not made him forgetful of the Futteral cottages.  On the blank cover
+of Heuschrecke's Tract we find the following indistinctly engrossed:--
+
+"Two men I honor, and no third.  First, the toilworn Craftsman that with
+earth-made Implement laboriously conquers the Earth, and makes her man's.
+Venerable to me is the hard Hand; crooked, coarse; wherein notwithstanding
+lies a cunning virtue, indefeasibly royal, as of the Sceptre of this
+Planet.  Venerable too is the rugged face, all weather-tanned, besoiled,
+with its rude intelligence; for it is the face of a Man living manlike.
+Oh, but the more venerable for thy rudeness, and even because we must pity
+as well as love thee!  Hardly-entreated Brother!  For us was thy back so
+bent, for us were thy straight limbs and fingers so deformed:  thou wert
+our Conscript, on whom the lot fell, and fighting our battles wert so
+marred.  For in thee too lay a god-created Form, but it was not to be
+unfolded; encrusted must it stand with the thick adhesions and defacements
+of Labor:  and thy body, like thy soul, was not to know freedom.  Yet toil
+on, toil on:  _thou_ art in thy duty, be out of it who may; thou toilest
+for the altogether indispensable, for daily bread.
+
+"A second man I honor, and still more highly:  Him who is seen toiling for
+the spiritually indispensable; not daily bread, but the bread of Life.  Is
+not he too in his duty; endeavoring towards inward Harmony; revealing this,
+by act or by word, through all his outward endeavors, be they high or low?
+Highest of all, when his outward and his inward endeavor are one:  when we
+can name him Artist; not earthly Craftsman only, but inspired Thinker, who
+with heaven-made Implement conquers Heaven for us!  If the poor and humble
+toil that we have Food, must not the high and glorious toil for him in
+return, that he have Light, have Guidance, Freedom, Immortality?--These
+two, in all their degrees, I honor:  all else is chaff and dust, which let
+the wind blow whither it listeth.
+
+"Unspeakably touching is it, however, when I find both dignities united;
+and he that must toil outwardly for the lowest of man's wants, is also
+toiling inwardly for the highest.  Sublimer in this world know I nothing
+than a Peasant Saint, could such now anywhere be met with.  Such a one will
+take thee back to Nazareth itself; thou wilt see the splendor of Heaven
+spring forth from the humblest depths of Earth, like a light shining in
+great darkness."
+
+And again:  "It is not because of his toils that I lament for the poor:  we
+must all toil, or steal (howsoever we name our stealing), which is worse;
+no faithful workman finds his task a pastime.  The poor is hungry and
+athirst; but for him also there is food and drink:  he is heavy-laden and
+weary; but for him also the Heavens send Sleep, and of the deepest; in his
+smoky cribs, a clear dewy heaven of Rest envelops him; and fitful
+glitterings of cloud-skirted Dreams.  But what I do mourn over is, that the
+lamp of his soul should go out; that no ray of heavenly, or even of earthly
+knowledge, should visit him; but only, in the haggard darkness, like two
+spectres, Fear and Indignation bear him company.  Alas, while the Body
+stands so broad and brawny, must the Soul lie blinded, dwarfed, stupefied,
+almost annihilated!  Alas, was this too a Breath of God; bestowed in
+Heaven, but on earth never to be unfolded!--That there should one Man die
+ignorant who had capacity for Knowledge, this I call a tragedy, were it to
+happen more than twenty times in the minute, as by some computations it
+does.  The miserable fraction of Science which our united Mankind, in a
+wide Universe of Nescience, has acquired, why is not this, with all
+diligence, imparted to all?"
+
+Quite in an opposite strain is the following:  "The old Spartans had a
+wiser method; and went out and hunted down their Helots, and speared and
+spitted them, when they grew too numerous.  With our improved fashions of
+hunting, Herr Hofrath, now after the invention of fire-arms, and standing
+armies, how much easier were such a hunt!  Perhaps in the most thickly
+peopled country, some three days annually might suffice to shoot all the
+able-bodied Paupers that had accumulated within the year.  Let Governments
+think of this.  The expense were trifling:  nay the very carcasses would
+pay it.  Have them salted and barrelled; could not you victual therewith,
+if not Army and Navy, yet richly such infirm Paupers, in workhouses and
+elsewhere, as enlightened Charity, dreading no evil of them, might see good
+to keep alive?"
+
+"And yet," writes he farther on, "there must be something wrong.  A
+full-formed Horse will, in any market, bring from twenty to as high as two
+hundred Friedrichs d'or:  such is his worth to the world.  A full-formed
+Man is not only worth nothing to the world, but the world could afford him
+a round sum would he simply engage to go and hang himself.  Nevertheless,
+which of the two was the more cunningly devised article, even as an Engine?
+Good Heavens!  A white European Man, standing on his two Legs, with his two
+five-fingered Hands at his shackle-bones, and miraculous Head on his
+shoulders, is worth, I should say, from fifty to a hundred Horses!"
+
+"True, thou Gold-Hofrath," cries the Professor elsewhere:  "too crowded
+indeed!  Meanwhile, what portion of this inconsiderable terraqueous Globe
+have ye actually tilled and delved, till it will grow no more?  How thick
+stands your Population in the Pampas and Savannas of America; round ancient
+Carthage, and in the interior of Africa; on both slopes of the Altaic
+chain, in the central Platform of Asia; in Spain, Greece, Turkey, Crim
+Tartary, the Curragh of Kildare?  One man, in one year, as I have
+understood it, if you lend him Earth, will feed himself and nine others.
+Alas, where now are the Hengsts and Alarics of our still-glowing,
+still-expanding Europe; who, when their home is grown too narrow, will
+enlist, and, like Fire-pillars, guide onwards those superfluous masses of
+indomitable living Valor; equipped, not now with the battle-axe and
+war-chariot, but with the steam engine and ploughshare?  Where are
+they?--Preserving their Game!"
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+THE PHOENIX.
+
+Putting which four singular Chapters together, and alongside of them
+numerous hints, and even direct utterances, scattered over these Writings
+of his, we come upon the startling yet not quite unlooked-for conclusion,
+that Teufelsdrockh is one of those who consider Society, properly so
+called, to be as good as extinct; and that only the gregarious feelings,
+and old inherited habitudes, at this juncture, hold us from Dispersion, and
+universal national, civil, domestic and personal war!  He says expressly:
+"For the last three centuries, above all for the last three quarters of a
+century, that same Pericardial Nervous Tissue (as we named it) of Religion,
+where lies the Life-essence of Society, has been smote at and perforated,
+needfully and needlessly; till now it is quite rent into shreds; and
+Society, long pining, diabetic, consumptive, can be regarded as defunct;
+for those spasmodic, galvanic sprawlings are not life; neither indeed will
+they endure, galvanize as you may, beyond two days."
+
+"Call ye that a Society," cries he again, "where there is no longer any
+Social Idea extant; not so much as the Idea of a common Home, but only of a
+common over-crowded Lodging-house?  Where each, isolated, regardless of his
+neighbor, turned against his neighbor, clutches what he can get, and cries
+'Mine!' and calls it Peace, because, in the cut-purse and cut-throat
+Scramble, no steel knives, but only a far cunninger sort, can be employed?
+Where Friendship, Communion, has become an incredible tradition; and your
+holiest Sacramental Supper is a smoking Tavern Dinner, with Cook for
+Evangelist?  Where your Priest has no tongue but for plate-licking:  and
+your high Guides and Governors cannot guide; but on all hands hear it
+passionately proclaimed:  _Laissez faire_; Leave us alone of _your_
+guidance, such light is darker than darkness; eat you your wages, and
+sleep!
+
+"Thus, too," continues he, "does an observant eye discern everywhere that
+saddest spectacle:  The Poor perishing, like neglected, foundered
+Draught-Cattle, of Hunger and Overwork; the Rich, still more wretchedly, of
+Idleness, Satiety, and Overgrowth.  The Highest in rank, at length, without
+honor from the Lowest; scarcely, with a little mouth-honor, as from
+tavern-waiters who expect to put it in the bill.  Once-sacred Symbols
+fluttering as empty Pageants, whereof men grudge even the expense; a World
+becoming dismantled:  in one word, the STATE fallen speechless, from
+obesity and apoplexy; the STATE shrunken into a Police-Office, straitened
+to get its pay!"
+
+We might ask, are there many "observant eyes," belonging to practical men
+in England or elsewhere, which have descried these phenomena; or is it only
+from the mystic elevation of a German _Wahngasse_ that such wonders are
+visible?  Teufelsdrockh contends that the aspect of a "deceased or expiring
+Society" fronts us everywhere, so that whoso runs may read.  "What, for
+example," says he, "is the universally arrogated Virtue, almost the sole
+remaining Catholic Virtue, of these days?  For some half-century, it has
+been the thing you name 'Independence.'  Suspicion of 'Servility,' of
+reverence for Superiors, the very dog-leech is anxious to disavow.  Fools!
+Were your Superiors worthy to govern, and you worthy to obey, reverence for
+them were even your only possible freedom.  Independence, in all kinds, is
+rebellion; if unjust rebellion, why parade it, and everywhere prescribe
+it?"
+
+But what then?  Are we returning, as Rousseau prayed, to the state of
+Nature?  "The Soul Politic having departed," says Teufelsdrockh, "what can
+follow but that the Body Politic be decently interred, to avoid
+putrescence?  Liberals, Economists, Utilitarians enough I see marching with
+its bier, and chanting loud paeans, towards the funeral pile, where, amid
+wailings from some, and saturnalian revelries from the most, the venerable
+Corpse is to be burnt.  Or, in plain words, that these men, Liberals,
+Utilitarians, or whatsoever they are called, will ultimately carry their
+point, and dissever and destroy most existing Institutions of Society,
+seems a thing which has some time ago ceased to be doubtful.
+
+"Do we not see a little subdivision of the grand Utilitarian Armament come
+to light even in insulated England?  A living nucleus, that will attract
+and grow, does at length appear there also; and under curious phasis;
+properly as the inconsiderable fag-end, and so far in the rear of the
+others as to fancy itself the van.  Our European Mechanizers are a sect of
+boundless diffusion, activity, and co-operative spirit:  has not
+Utilitarianism flourished in high places of Thought, here among ourselves,
+and in every European country, at some time or other, within the last fifty
+years?  If now in all countries, except perhaps England, it has ceased to
+flourish, or indeed to exist, among Thinkers, and sunk to Journalists and
+the popular mass,--who sees not that, as hereby it no longer preaches, so
+the reason is, it now needs no Preaching, but is in full universal Action,
+the doctrine everywhere known, and enthusiastically laid to heart?  The fit
+pabulum, in these times, for a certain rugged workshop intellect and heart,
+nowise without their corresponding workshop strength and ferocity, it
+requires but to be stated in such scenes to make proselytes enough.--
+Admirably calculated for destroying, only not for rebuilding!  It spreads
+like a sort of Dog-madness; till the whole World-kennel will be rabid:
+then woe to the Huntsmen, with or without their whips!  They should have
+given the quadrupeds water," adds he; "the water, namely, of Knowledge and
+of Life, while it was yet time."
+
+Thus, if Professor Teufelsdrockh can be relied on, we are at this hour in a
+most critical condition; beleaguered by that boundless "Armament of
+Mechanizers" and Unbelievers, threatening to strip us bare!  "The World,"
+says he, "as it needs must, is under a process of devastation and waste.
+which, whether by silent assiduous corrosion, or open quicker combustion,
+as the case chances, will effectually enough annihilate the past Forms of
+Society; replace them with what it may.  For the present, it is
+contemplated that when man's whole Spiritual Interests are once _divested_,
+these innumerable stript-off Garments shall mostly be burnt; but the
+sounder Rags among them be quilted together into one huge Irish watch-coat
+for the defence of the Body only!"--This, we think, is but Job's-news to
+the humane reader.
+
+"Nevertheless," cries Teufelsdrockh, "who can hinder it; who is there that
+can clutch into the wheelspokes of Destiny, and say to the Spirit of the
+Time:  Turn back, I command thee?--Wiser were it that we yielded to the
+Inevitable and Inexorable, and accounted even this the best."
+
+Nay, might not an attentive Editor, drawing his own inferences from what
+stands written, conjecture that Teufelsdrockh, individually had yielded to
+this same "Inevitable and Inexorable" heartily enough; and now sat waiting
+the issue, with his natural diabolico-angelical Indifference, if not even
+Placidity?  Did we not hear him complain that the World was a "huge
+Ragfair," and the "rags and tatters of old Symbols" were raining down
+everywhere, like to drift him in, and suffocate him?  What with those
+"unhunted Helots" of his; and the uneven _sic vos non vobis_ pressure and
+hard-crashing collision he is pleased to discern in existing things; what
+with the so hateful "empty Masks," full of beetles and spiders, yet glaring
+out on him, from their glass eyes, "with a ghastly affectation of
+life,"--we feel entitled to conclude him even willing that much should be
+thrown to the Devil, so it were but done gently!  Safe himself in that
+"Pinnacle of Weissnichtwo," he would consent, with a tragic solemnity, that
+the monster UTILITARIA, held back, indeed, and moderated by nose-rings,
+halters, foot-shackles, and every conceivable modification of rope, should
+go forth to do her work;--to tread down old ruinous Palaces and Temples
+with her broad hoof, till the whole were trodden down, that new and better
+might be built!  Remarkable in this point of view are the following
+sentences.
+
+"Society," says he, "is not dead:  that Carcass, which you call dead
+Society, is but her mortal coil which she has shuffled off, to assume a
+nobler; she herself, through perpetual metamorphoses, in fairer and fairer
+development, has to live till Time also merge in Eternity.  Wheresoever two
+or three Living Men are gathered together, there is Society; or there it
+will be, with its cunning mechanisms and stupendous structures,
+overspreading this little Globe, and reaching upwards to Heaven and
+downwards to Gehenna:  for always, under one or the other figure, it has
+two authentic Revelations, of a God and of a Devil; the Pulpit, namely, and
+the Gallows."
+
+Indeed, we already heard him speak of "Religion, in unnoticed nooks,
+weaving for herself new Vestures;"--Teufelsdrockh himself being one of the
+loom-treadles?  Elsewhere he quotes without censure that strange aphorism
+of Saint Simon's, concerning which and whom so much were to be said:
+"_L'age d'or, qu'une aveugle tradition a place jusqu'ici dans le passe, est
+devant nous_; The golden age, which a blind tradition has hitherto placed
+in the Past, is Before us."--But listen again:--
+
+"When the Phoenix is fanning her funeral pyre, will there not be sparks
+flying!  Alas, some millions of men, and among them such as a Napoleon,
+have already been licked into that high-eddying Flame, and like moths
+consumed there.  Still also have we to fear that incautious beards will get
+singed.
+
+"For the rest, in what year of grace such Phoenix-cremation will be
+completed, you need not ask.  The law of Perseverance is among the deepest
+in man:  by nature he hates change; seldom will he quit his old house till
+it has actually fallen about his ears.  Thus have I seen Solemnities linger
+as Ceremonies, sacred Symbols as idle Pageants, to the extent of three
+hundred years and more after all life and sacredness had evaporated out of
+them.  And then, finally, what time the Phoenix Death-Birth itself will
+require, depends on unseen contingencies.--Meanwhile, would Destiny offer
+Mankind, that after, say two centuries of convulsion and conflagration,
+more or less vivid, the fire-creation should be accomplished, and we to
+find ourselves again in a Living Society, and no longer fighting but
+working,--were it not perhaps prudent in Mankind to strike the bargain?"
+
+Thus is Teufelsdrockh, content that old sick Society should be deliberately
+burnt (alas, with quite other fuel than spice-wood); in the faith that she
+is a Phoenix; and that a new heaven-born young one will rise out of her
+ashes!  We ourselves, restricted to the duty of Indicator, shall forbear
+commentary.  Meanwhile, will not the judicious reader shake his head, and
+reproachfully, yet more in sorrow than in anger, say or think:  From a
+_Doctor utriusque Juris_, titular Professor in a University, and man to
+whom hitherto, for his services, Society, bad as she is, has given not only
+food and raiment (of a kind), but books, tobacco and gukguk, we expected
+more gratitude to his benefactress; and less of a blind trust in the future
+which resembles that rather of a philosophical Fatalist and Enthusiast,
+than of a solid householder paying scot-and-lot in a Christian country.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+OLD CLOTHES.
+
+As mentioned above, Teufelsdrockh, though a Sansculottist, is in practice
+probably the politest man extant:  his whole heart and life are penetrated
+and informed with the spirit of politeness; a noble natural Courtesy shines
+through him, beautifying his vagaries; like sunlight, making a
+rosyfingered, rainbow-dyed Aurora out of mere aqueous clouds; nay
+brightening London-smoke itself into gold vapor, as from the crucible of an
+alchemist.  Hear in what earnest though fantastic wise he expresses himself
+on this head:--
+
+"Shall Courtesy be done only to the rich, and only by the rich?  In
+Good-breeding, which differs, if at all, from High-breeding, only as it
+gracefully remembers the rights of others, rather than gracefully insists
+on its own rights, I discern no special connection with wealth or birth:
+but rather that it lies in human nature itself, and is due from all men
+towards all men.  Of a truth, were your Schoolmaster at his post, and worth
+anything when there, this, with so much else, would be reformed.  Nay, each
+man were then also his neighbor's schoolmaster; till at length a
+rude-visaged, unmannered Peasant could no more be met with, than a Peasant
+unacquainted with botanical Physiology, or who felt not that the clod he
+broke was created in Heaven.
+
+"For whether thou bear a sceptre or a sledge-hammer, art not thou ALIVE; is
+not this thy brother ALIVE?  'There is but one temple in the world,' says
+Novalis, 'and that temple is the Body of Man.  Nothing is holier than this
+high Form.  Bending before men is a reverence done to this Revelation in
+the Flesh.  We touch Heaven, when we lay our hands on a human Body.'
+
+"On which ground, I would fain carry it farther than most do; and whereas
+the English Johnson only bowed to every Clergyman, or man with a
+shovel-hat, I would bow to every Man with any sort of hat, or with no hat
+whatever.  Is not he a Temple, then; the visible Manifestation and
+Impersonation of the Divinity?  And yet, alas, such indiscriminate bowing
+serves not.  For there is a Devil dwells in man, as well as a Divinity; and
+too often the bow is but pocketed by the _former_.  It would go to the
+pocket of Vanity (which is your clearest phasis of the Devil, in these
+times); therefore must we withhold it.
+
+"The gladder am I, on the other hand, to do reverence to those Shells and
+outer Husks of the Body, wherein no devilish passion any longer lodges, but
+only the pure emblem and effigies of Man:  I mean, to Empty, or even to
+Cast Clothes.  Nay, is it not to Clothes that most men do reverence:  to
+the fine frogged broadcloth, nowise to the 'straddling animal with bandy
+legs' which it holds, and makes a Dignitary of?  Who ever saw any Lord
+my-lorded in tattered blanket fastened with wooden skewer?  Nevertheless, I
+say, there is in such worship a shade of hypocrisy, a practical deception:
+for how often does the Body appropriate what was meant for the Cloth only!
+Whoso would avoid falsehood, which is the essence of all Sin, will perhaps
+see good to take a different course.  That reverence which cannot act
+without obstruction and perversion when the Clothes are full, may have free
+course when they are empty.  Even as, for Hindoo Worshippers, the Pagoda is
+not less sacred than the God; so do I too worship the hollow cloth Garment
+with equal fervor, as when it contained the Man:  nay, with more, for I now
+fear no deception, of myself or of others.
+
+"Did not King _Toomtabard_, or, in other words, John Baliol, reign long
+over Scotland; the man John Baliol being quite gone, and only the 'Toom
+Tabard' (Empty Gown) remaining?  What still dignity dwells in a suit of
+Cast Clothes!  How meekly it bears its honors!  No haughty looks, no
+scornful gesture:  silent and serene, it fronts the world; neither
+demanding worship, nor afraid to miss it.  The Hat still carries the
+physiognomy of its Head:  but the vanity and the stupidity, and
+goose-speech which was the sign of these two, are gone.  The Coat-arm is
+stretched out, but not to strike; the Breeches, in modest simplicity,
+depend at ease, and now at last have a graceful flow; the Waistcoat hides
+no evil passion, no riotous desire; hunger or thirst now dwells not in it.
+Thus all is purged from the grossness of sense, from the carking cares and
+foul vices of the World; and rides there, on its Clothes-horse; as, on a
+Pegasus, might some skyey Messenger, or purified Apparition, visiting our
+low Earth.
+
+"Often, while I sojourned in that monstrous tuberosity of Civilized Life,
+the Capital of England; and meditated, and questioned Destiny, under that
+ink-sea of vapor, black, thick, and multifarious as Spartan broth; and was
+one lone soul amid those grinding millions;--often have I turned into their
+Old-Clothes Market to worship.  With awe-struck heart I walk through that
+Monmouth Street, with its empty Suits, as through a Sanhedrim of stainless
+Ghosts.  Silent are they, but expressive in their silence:  the past
+witnesses and instruments of Woe and Joy, of Passions, Virtues, Crimes, and
+all the fathomless tumult of Good and Evil in 'the Prison men call Life.'
+Friends! trust not the heart of that man for whom Old Clothes are not
+venerable.  Watch, too, with reverence, that bearded Jewish High-priest,
+who with hoarse voice, like some Angel of Doom, summons them from the four
+winds!  On his head, like the Pope, he has three Hats,--a real triple
+tiara; on either hand are the similitude of wings, whereon the summoned
+Garments come to alight; and ever, as he slowly cleaves the air, sounds
+forth his deep fateful note, as if through a trumpet he were proclaiming:
+'Ghosts of Life, come to Judgment!'  Reck not, ye fluttering Ghosts:  he
+will purify you in his Purgatory, with fire and with water; and, one day,
+new-created ye shall reappear.  Oh, let him in whom the flame of Devotion
+is ready to go out, who has never worshipped, and knows not what to
+worship, pace and repace, with austerest thought, the pavement of Monmouth
+Street, and say whether his heart and his eyes still continue dry.  If
+Field Lane, with its long fluttering rows of yellow handkerchiefs, be a
+Dionysius' Ear, where, in stifled jarring hubbub, we hear the Indictment
+which Poverty and Vice bring against lazy Wealth, that it has left them
+there cast out and trodden under foot of Want, Darkness and the
+Devil,--then is Monmouth Street a Mirza's Hill, where, in motley vision,
+the whole Pageant of Existence passes awfully before us; with its wail and
+jubilee, mad loves and mad hatreds, church-bells and gallows-ropes,
+farce-tragedy, beast-godhood,--the Bedlam of Creation!"
+
+
+To most men, as it does to ourselves, all this will seem overcharged.  We
+too have walked through Monmouth Street; but with little feeling of
+"Devotion:"  probably in part because the contemplative process is so
+fatally broken in upon by the brood of money-changers who nestle in that
+Church, and importune the worshipper with merely secular proposals.
+Whereas Teufelsdrockh, might be in that happy middle state, which leaves to
+the Clothes-broker no hope either of sale or of purchase, and so be allowed
+to linger there without molestation.--Something we would have given to see
+the little philosophical figure, with its steeple-hat and loose flowing
+skirts, and eyes in a fine frenzy, "pacing and repacing in austerest
+thought" that foolish Street; which to him was a true Delphic avenue, and
+supernatural Whispering-gallery, where the "Ghosts of Life" rounded strange
+secrets in his ear.  O thou philosophic Teufelsdrockh, that listenest while
+others only gabble, and with thy quick tympanum hearest the grass grow!
+
+At the same time, is it not strange that, in Paper-bag Documents destined
+for an English work, there exists nothing like an authentic diary of this
+his sojourn in London; and of his Meditations among the Clothes-shops only
+the obscurest emblematic shadows?  Neither, in conversation (for, indeed,
+he was not a man to pester you with his Travels), have we heard him more
+than allude to the subject.
+
+For the rest, however, it cannot be uninteresting that we here find how
+early the significance of Clothes had dawned on the now so distinguished
+Clothes-Professor.  Might we but fancy it to have been even in Monmouth
+Street, at the bottom of our own English "ink-sea," that this remarkable
+Volume first took being, and shot forth its salient point in his soul,--as
+in Chaos did the Egg of Eros, one day to be hatched into a Universe!
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+ORGANIC FILAMENTS.
+
+For us, who happen to live while the World-Phoenix is burning herself, and
+burning so slowly that, as Teufelsdrockh calculates, it were a handsome
+bargain would she engage to have done "within two centuries," there seems
+to lie but an ashy prospect.  Not altogether so, however, does the
+Professor figure it.  "In the living subject," says he, "change is wont to
+be gradual:  thus, while the serpent sheds its old skin, the new is already
+formed beneath.  Little knowest thou of the burning of a World-Phoenix, who
+fanciest that she must first burn out, and lie as a dead cinereous heap;
+and therefrom the young one start up by miracle, and fly heavenward.  Far
+otherwise!  In that Fire-whirlwind, Creation and Destruction proceed
+together; ever as the ashes of the Old are blown about, do organic
+filaments of the New mysteriously spin themselves:  and amid the rushing
+and the waving of the Whirlwind element come tones of a melodious
+Death-song, which end not but in tones of a more melodious Birth-song.
+Nay, look into the Fire-whirlwind with thy own eyes, and thou wilt see."
+Let us actually look, then:  to poor individuals, who cannot expect to live
+two centuries, those same organic filaments, mysteriously spinning
+themselves, will be the best part of the spectacle.  First, therefore, this
+of Mankind in general:--
+
+"In vain thou deniest it," says the Professor; "thou art my Brother.  Thy
+very Hatred, thy very Envy, those foolish Lies thou tellest of me in thy
+splenetic humor:  what is all this but an inverted Sympathy?  Were I a
+Steam-engine, wouldst thou take the trouble to tell lies of me?  Not thou!
+I should grind all unheeded, whether badly or well.
+
+"Wondrous truly are the bonds that unite us one and all; whether by the
+soft binding of Love, or the iron chaining of Necessity, as we like to
+choose it.  More than once have I said to myself, of some perhaps
+whimsically strutting Figure, such as provokes whimsical thoughts:  'Wert
+thou, my little Brotherkin, suddenly covered up within the largest
+imaginable Glass bell,--what a thing it were, not for thyself only, but for
+the world!  Post Letters, more or fewer, from all the four winds, impinge
+against thy Glass walls, but have to drop unread:  neither from within
+comes there question or response into any Post-bag; thy Thoughts fall into
+no friendly ear or heart, thy Manufacture into no purchasing hand:  thou
+art no longer a circulating venous-arterial Heart, that, taking and giving,
+circulatest through all Space and all Time:  there has a Hole fallen out in
+the immeasurable, universal World-tissue, which must be darned up again!'
+
+"Such venous-arterial circulation, of Letters, verbal Messages, paper and
+other Packages, going out from him and coming in, are a blood-circulation,
+visible to the eye:  but the finer nervous circulation, by which all
+things, the minutest that he does, minutely influence all men, and the very
+look of his face blesses or curses whomso it lights on, and so generates
+ever new blessing or new cursing:  all this you cannot see, but only
+imagine.  I say, there is not a red Indian, hunting by Lake Winnipeg, can
+quarrel with his squaw, but the whole world must smart for it:  will not
+the price of beaver rise?  It is a mathematical fact that the casting of
+this pebble from my hand alters the centre of gravity of the Universe.
+
+"If now an existing generation of men stand so woven together, not less
+indissolubly does generation with generation.  Hast thou ever meditated on
+that word, Tradition:  how we inherit not Life only, but all the garniture
+and form of Life; and work, and speak, and even think and feel, as our
+Fathers, and primeval grandfathers, from the beginning, have given it
+us?--Who printed thee, for example, this unpretending Volume on the
+Philosophy of Clothes?  Not the Herren Stillschweigen and Company; but
+Cadmus of Thebes, Faust of Mentz, and innumerable others whom thou knowest
+not.  Had there been no Moesogothic Ulfila, there had been no English
+Shakspeare, or a different one.  Simpleton!  It was Tubal-cain that made
+thy very Tailor's needle, and sewed that court-suit of thine.
+
+"Yes, truly, if Nature is one, and a living indivisible whole, much more is
+Mankind, the Image that reflects and creates Nature, without which Nature
+were not.  As palpable lifestreams in that wondrous Individual Mankind,
+among so many life-streams that are not palpable, flow on those main
+currents of what we call Opinion; as preserved in Institutions, Polities,
+Churches, above all in Books.  Beautiful it is to understand and know that
+a Thought did never yet die; that as thou, the originator thereof, hast
+gathered it and created it from the whole Past, so thou wilt transmit it to
+the whole Future.  It is thus that the heroic heart, the seeing eye of the
+first times, still feels and sees in us of the latest; that the Wise Man
+stands ever encompassed, and spiritually embraced, by a cloud of witnesses
+and brothers; and there is a living, literal _Communion of Saints_, wide as
+the World itself, and as the History of the World.
+
+"Noteworthy also, and serviceable for the progress of this same Individual,
+wilt thou find his subdivision into Generations.  Generations are as the
+Days of toilsome Mankind:  Death and Birth are the vesper and the matin
+bells, that summon Mankind to sleep, and to rise refreshed for new
+advancement.  What the Father has made, the Son can make and enjoy; but has
+also work of his own appointed him.  Thus all things wax, and roll onwards;
+Arts, Establishments, Opinions, nothing is completed, but ever completing.
+Newton has learned to see what Kepler saw; but there is also a fresh
+heaven-derived force in Newton; he must mount to still higher points of
+vision.  So too the Hebrew Lawgiver is, in due time, followed by an Apostle
+of the Gentiles.  In the business of Destruction, as this also is from time
+to time a necessary work, thou findest a like sequence and perseverance:
+for Luther it was as yet hot enough to stand by that burning of the Pope's
+Bull; Voltaire could not warm himself at the glimmering ashes, but required
+quite other fuel.  Thus likewise, I note, the English Whig has, in the
+second generation, become an English Radical; who, in the third again, it
+is to be hoped, will become an English Rebuilder.  Find Mankind where thou
+wilt, thou findest it in living movement, in progress faster or slower:
+the Phoenix soars aloft, hovers with outstretched wings, filling Earth with
+her music; or, as now, she sinks, and with spheral swan-song immolates
+herself in flame, that she may soar the higher and sing the clearer."
+
+Let the friends of social order, in such a disastrous period, lay this to
+heart, and derive from it any little comfort they can.  We subjoin another
+passage, concerning Titles:--
+
+"Remark, not without surprise," says Teufelsdrockh, "how all high Titles of
+Honor come hitherto from Fighting.  Your _Herzog_ (Duke, _Dux_) is Leader
+of Armies; your Earl (_Jarl_) is Strong Man; your Marshal cavalry
+Horse-shoer.  A Millennium, or reign of Peace and Wisdom, having from of
+old been prophesied, and becoming now daily more and more indubitable, may
+it not be apprehended that such Fighting titles will cease to be palatable,
+and new and higher need to be devised?
+
+"The only Title wherein I, with confidence, trace eternity is that of King.
+_Konig_ (King), anciently _Konning_, means Ken-ning (Cunning), or which is
+the same thing, Can-ning.  Ever must the Sovereign of Mankind be fitly
+entitled King."
+
+"Well, also," says he elsewhere, "was it written by Theologians:  a King
+rules by divine right.  He carries in him an authority from God, or man
+will never give it him.  Can I choose my own King?  I can choose my own
+King Popinjay, and play what farce or tragedy I may with him:  but he who
+is to be my Ruler, whose will is to be higher than my will, was chosen for
+me in Heaven.  Neither except in such Obedience to the Heaven-chosen is
+Freedom so much as conceivable."
+
+
+The Editor will here admit that, among all the wondrous provinces of
+Teufelsdrockh's spiritual world, there is none he walks in with such
+astonishment, hesitation, and even pain, as in the Political.  How, with
+our English love of Ministry and Opposition, and that generous conflict of
+Parties, mind warming itself against mind in their mutual wrestle for the
+Public Good, by which wrestle, indeed, is our invaluable Constitution kept
+warm and alive; how shall we domesticate ourselves in this spectral
+Necropolis, or rather City both of the Dead and of the Unborn, where the
+Present seems little other than an inconsiderable Film dividing the Past
+and the Future?  In those dim long-drawn expanses, all is so immeasurable;
+much so disastrous, ghastly; your very radiances and straggling light-beams
+have a supernatural character.  And then with such an indifference, such a
+prophetic peacefulness (accounting the inevitably coming as already here,
+to him all one whether it be distant by centuries or only by days), does he
+sit;--and live, you would say, rather in any other age than in his own!  It
+is our painful duty to announce, or repeat, that, looking into this man, we
+discern a deep, silent, slow-burning, inextinguishable Radicalism, such as
+fills us with shuddering admiration.
+
+Thus, for example, he appears to make little even of the Elective
+Franchise; at least so we interpret the following:  "Satisfy yourselves,"
+he says, "by universal, indubitable experiment, even as ye are now doing or
+will do, whether FREEDOM, heaven-born and leading heavenward, and so
+vitally essential for us all, cannot peradventure be mechanically hatched
+and brought to light in that same Ballot-Box of yours; or at worst, in some
+other discoverable or devisable Box, Edifice, or Steam-mechanism.  It were
+a mighty convenience; and beyond all feats of manufacture witnessed
+hitherto."  Is Teufelsdrockh acquainted with the British constitution, even
+slightly?--He says, under another figure:  "But after all, were the
+problem, as indeed it now everywhere is, To rebuild your old House from the
+top downwards (since you must live in it the while), what better, what
+other, than the Representative Machine will serve your turn?  Meanwhile,
+however, mock me not with the name of Free, 'when you have but knit up my
+chains into ornamental festoons.'"--Or what will any member of the Peace
+Society make of such an assertion as this:  "The lower people everywhere
+desire War.  Not so unwisely; there is then a demand for lower people--to
+be shot!"
+
+Gladly, therefore, do we emerge from those soul-confusing labyrinths of
+speculative Radicalism, into somewhat clearer regions.  Here, looking
+round, as was our hest, for "organic filaments," we ask, may not this,
+touching "Hero-worship," be of the number?  It seems of a cheerful
+character; yet so quaint, so mystical, one knows not what, or how little,
+may lie under it.  Our readers shall look with their own eyes:--
+
+"True is it that, in these days, man can do almost all things, only not
+obey.  True likewise that whoso cannot obey cannot be free, still less bear
+rule; he that is the inferior of nothing, can be the superior of nothing,
+the equal of nothing.  Nevertheless, believe not that man has lost his
+faculty of Reverence; that if it slumber in him, it has gone dead.  Painful
+for man is that same rebellious Independence, when it has become
+inevitable; only in loving companionship with his fellows does he feel
+safe; only in reverently bowing down before the Higher does he feel himself
+exalted.
+
+"Or what if the character of our so troublous Era lay even in this:  that
+man had forever cast away Fear, which is the lower; but not yet risen into
+perennial Reverence, which is the higher and highest?
+
+"Meanwhile, observe with joy, so cunningly has Nature ordered it, that
+whatsoever man ought to obey, he cannot but obey.  Before no faintest
+revelation of the Godlike did he ever stand irreverent; least of all, when
+the Godlike showed itself revealed in his fellow-man.  Thus is there a true
+religious Loyalty forever rooted in his heart; nay in all ages, even in
+ours, it manifests itself as a more or less orthodox _Hero-worship_.  In
+which fact, that Hero-worship exists, has existed, and will forever exist,
+universally among Mankind, mayest thou discern the corner-stone of living
+rock, whereon all Polities for the remotest time may stand secure."
+
+Do our readers discern any such corner-stone, or even so much as what
+Teufelsdrockh, is looking at?  He exclaims, "Or hast thou forgotten Paris
+and Voltaire?  How the aged, withered man, though but a Sceptic, Mocker,
+and millinery Court-poet, yet because even he seemed the Wisest, Best,
+could drag mankind at his chariot-wheels, so that princes coveted a smile
+from him, and the loveliest of France would have laid their hair beneath
+his feet!  All Paris was one vast Temple of Hero-worship; though their
+Divinity, moreover, was of feature too apish.
+
+"But if such things," continues he, "were done in the dry tree, what will
+be done in the green?  If, in the most parched season of Man's History, in
+the most parched spot of Europe, when Parisian life was at best but a
+scientific _Hortus Siccus_, bedizened with some Italian Gumflowers, such
+virtue could come out of it; what is to be looked for when Life again waves
+leafy and bloomy, and your Hero-Divinity shall have nothing apelike, but be
+wholly human?  Know that there is in man a quite indestructible Reverence
+for whatsoever holds of Heaven, or even plausibly counterfeits such
+holding.  Show the dullest clodpoll, show the haughtiest featherhead, that
+a soul higher than himself is actually here; were his knees stiffened into
+brass, he must down and worship."
+
+Organic filaments, of a more authentic sort, mysteriously spinning
+themselves, some will perhaps discover in the following passage:--
+
+"There is no Church, sayest thou?  The voice of Prophecy has gone dumb?
+This is even what I dispute:  but in any case, hast thou not still
+Preaching enough?  A Preaching Friar settles himself in every village; and
+builds a pulpit, which he calls Newspaper.  Therefrom he preaches what most
+momentous doctrine is in him, for man's salvation; and dost not thou
+listen, and believe?  Look well, thou seest everywhere a new Clergy of the
+Mendicant Orders, some barefooted, some almost bare-backed, fashion itself
+into shape, and teach and preach, zealously enough, for copper alms and the
+love of God.  These break in pieces the ancient idols; and, though
+themselves too often reprobate, as idol-breakers are wont to be, mark out
+the sites of new Churches, where the true God-ordained, that are to follow,
+may find audience, and minister.  Said I not, Before the old skin was shed,
+the new had formed itself beneath it?"
+
+Perhaps also in the following; wherewith we now hasten to knit up this
+ravelled sleeve:--
+
+"But there is no Religion?" reiterates the Professor.  "Fool!  I tell thee,
+there is.  Hast thou well considered all that lies in this immeasurable
+froth-ocean we name LITERATURE?  Fragments of a genuine Church-_Homiletic_
+lie scattered there, which Time will assort:  nay fractions even of a
+_Liturgy_ could I point out.  And knowest thou no Prophet, even in the
+vesture, environment, and dialect of this age?  None to whom the Godlike
+had revealed itself, through all meanest and highest forms of the Common;
+and by him been again prophetically revealed:  in whose inspired melody,
+even in these rag-gathering and rag-burning days, Man's Life again begins,
+were it but afar off, to be divine?  Knowest thou none such?  I know him,
+and name him--Goethe.
+
+"But thou as yet standest in no Temple; joinest in no Psalm-worship;
+feelest well that, where there is no ministering Priest, the people perish?
+Be of comfort!  Thou art not alone, if thou have Faith.  Spake we not of a
+Communion of Saints, unseen, yet not unreal, accompanying and brother-like
+embracing thee, so thou be worthy?  Their heroic Sufferings rise up
+melodiously together to Heaven, out of all lands, and out of all times, as
+a sacred _Miserere_; their heroic Actions also, as a boundless everlasting
+Psalm of Triumph.  Neither say that thou hast now no Symbol of the Godlike.
+Is not God's Universe a Symbol of the Godlike; is not Immensity a Temple;
+is not Man's History, and Men's History, a perpetual Evangel?  Listen, and
+for organ-music thou wilt ever, as of old, hear the Morning Stars sing
+together."
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+NATURAL SUPERNATURALISM.
+
+It is in his stupendous Section, headed _Natural Supernaturalism_, that the
+Professor first becomes a Seer; and, after long effort, such as we have
+witnessed, finally subdues under his feet this refractory
+Clothes-Philosophy, and takes victorious possession thereof.  Phantasms
+enough he has had to struggle with; "Cloth-webs and Cob-webs," of Imperial
+Mantles, Superannuated Symbols, and what not:  yet still did he
+courageously pierce through.  Nay, worst of all, two quite mysterious,
+world-embracing Phantasms, TIME and SPACE, have ever hovered round him,
+perplexing and bewildering:  but with these also he now resolutely
+grapples, these also he victoriously rends asunder.  In a word, he has
+looked fixedly on Existence, till, one after the other, its earthly hulls
+and garnitures have all melted away; and now, to his rapt vision, the
+interior celestial Holy-of-Holies lies disclosed.
+
+Here, therefore, properly it is that the Philosophy of Clothes attains to
+Transcendentalism; this last leap, can we but clear it, takes us safe into
+the promised land, where _Palingenesia_, in all senses, may be considered
+as beginning.  "Courage, then!" may our Diogenes exclaim, with better right
+than Diogenes the First once did.  This stupendous Section we, after long
+painful meditation, have found not to be unintelligible; but, on the
+contrary, to grow clear, nay radiant, and all-illuminating.  Let the
+reader, turning on it what utmost force of speculative intellect is in him,
+do his part; as we, by judicious selection and adjustment, shall study to
+do ours:--
+
+"Deep has been, and is, the significance of Miracles," thus quietly begins
+the Professor; "far deeper perhaps than we imagine.  Meanwhile, the
+question of questions were:  What specially is a Miracle?  To that Dutch
+King of Siam, an icicle had been a miracle; whoso had carried with him an
+air-pump, and vial of vitriolic ether, might have worked a miracle.  To my
+Horse, again, who unhappily is still more unscientific, do not I work a
+miracle, and magical '_Open sesame_!_'_ every time I please to pay
+twopence, and open for him an impassable _Schlagbaum_, or shut Turnpike?
+
+"'But is not a real Miracle simply a violation of the Laws of Nature?' ask
+several.  Whom I answer by this new question:  What are the Laws of Nature?
+To me perhaps the rising of one from the dead were no violation of these
+Laws, but a confirmation; were some far deeper Law, now first penetrated
+into, and by Spiritual Force, even as the rest have all been, brought to
+bear on us with its Material Force.
+
+"Here too may some inquire, not without astonishment:  On what ground shall
+one, that can make Iron swim, come and declare that therefore he can teach
+Religion?  To us, truly, of the Nineteenth Century, such declaration were
+inept enough; which nevertheless to our fathers, of the First Century, was
+full of meaning.
+
+"'But is it not the deepest Law of Nature that she be constant?' cries an
+illuminated class:  'Is not the Machine of the Universe fixed to move by
+unalterable rules?'  Probable enough, good friends:  nay I, too, must
+believe that the God, whom ancient inspired men assert to be 'without
+variableness or shadow of turning,' does indeed never change; that Nature,
+that the Universe, which no one whom it so pleases can be prevented from
+calling a Machine, does move by the most unalterable rules.  And now of
+you, too, I make the old inquiry:  What those same unalterable rules,
+forming the complete Statute-Book of Nature, may possibly be?
+
+"They stand written in our Works of Science, say you; in the accumulated
+records of Man's Experience?--Was Man with his Experience present at the
+Creation, then, to see how it all went on?  Have any deepest scientific
+individuals yet dived down to the foundations of the Universe, and gauged
+everything there?  Did the Maker take them into His counsel; that they read
+His ground-plan of the incomprehensible All; and can say, This stands
+marked therein, and no more than this?  Alas, not in anywise!  These
+scientific individuals have been nowhere but where we also are; have seen
+some hand breadths deeper than we see into the Deep that is infinite,
+without bottom as without shore.
+
+"Laplace's Book on the Stars, wherein he exhibits that certain Planets,
+with their Satellites, gyrate round our worthy Sun, at a rate and in a
+course, which, by greatest good fortune, he and the like of him have
+succeeded in detecting,--is to me as precious as to another.  But is this
+what thou namest 'Mechanism of the Heavens,' and 'System of the World;'
+this, wherein Sirius and the Pleiades, and all Herschel's Fifteen thousand
+Suns per minute, being left out, some paltry handful of Moons, and inert
+Balls, had been--looked at, nick-named, and marked in the Zodiacal
+Way-bill; so that we can now prate of their Whereabout; their How, their
+Why, their What, being hid from us, as in the signless Inane?
+
+"System of Nature!  To the wisest man, wide as is his vision, Nature
+remains of quite _infinite_ depth, of quite infinite expansion; and all
+Experience thereof limits itself to some few computed centuries and
+measured square-miles.  The course of Nature's phases, on this our little
+fraction of a Planet, is partially known to us:  but who knows what deeper
+courses these depend on; what infinitely larger Cycle (of causes) our
+little Epicycle revolves on?  To the Minnow every cranny and pebble, and
+quality and accident, of its little native Creek may have become familiar:
+but does the Minnow understand the Ocean Tides and periodic Currents, the
+Trade-winds, and Monsoons, and Moon's Eclipses; by all which the condition
+of its little Creek is regulated, and may, from time to time
+(unmiraculously enough), be quite overset and reversed?  Such a minnow is
+Man; his Creek this Planet Earth; his Ocean the immeasurable All; his
+Monsoons and periodic Currents the mysterious Course of Providence through
+AEons of AEons.
+
+"We speak of the Volume of Nature:  and truly a Volume it is,--whose Author
+and Writer is God.  To read it!  Dost thou, does man, so much as well know
+the Alphabet thereof?  With its Words, Sentences, and grand descriptive
+Pages, poetical and philosophical, spread out through Solar Systems, and
+Thousands of Years, we shall not try thee.  It is a Volume written in
+celestial hieroglyphs, in the true Sacred-writing; of which even Prophets
+are happy that they can read here a line and there a line.  As for your
+Institutes, and Academies of Science, they strive bravely; and, from amid
+the thick-crowded, inextricably intertwisted hieroglyphic writing, pick
+out, by dexterous combination, some Letters in the vulgar Character, and
+therefrom put together this and the other economic Recipe, of high avail in
+Practice.  That Nature is more than some boundless Volume of such Recipes,
+or huge, well-nigh inexhaustible Domestic-Cookery Book, of which the whole
+secret will in this manner one day evolve itself, the fewest dream.
+
+"Custom," continues the Professor, "doth make dotards of us all.  Consider
+well, thou wilt find that Custom is the greatest of Weavers; and weaves
+air-raiment for all the Spirits of the Universe; whereby indeed these dwell
+with us visibly, as ministering servants, in our houses and workshops; but
+their spiritual nature becomes, to the most, forever hidden.  Philosophy
+complains that Custom has hoodwinked us, from the first; that we do
+everything by Custom, even Believe by it; that our very Axioms, let us
+boast of Free-thinking as we may, are oftenest simply such Beliefs as we
+have never heard questioned.  Nay, what is Philosophy throughout but a
+continual battle against Custom; an ever-renewed effort to _transcend_ the
+sphere of blind Custom, and so become Transcendental?
+
+"Innumerable are the illusions and legerdemain-tricks of Custom:  but of
+all these, perhaps the cleverest is her knack of persuading us that the
+Miraculous, by simple repetition, ceases to be Miraculous.  True, it is by
+this means we live; for man must work as well as wonder:  and herein is
+Custom so far a kind nurse, guiding him to his true benefit.  But she is a
+fond foolish nurse, or rather we are false foolish nurslings, when, in our
+resting and reflecting hours, we prolong the same deception.  Am I to view
+the Stupendous with stupid indifference, because I have seen it twice, or
+two hundred, or two million times?  There is no reason in Nature or in Art
+why I should:  unless, indeed, I am a mere Work-Machine, for whom the
+divine gift of Thought were no other than the terrestrial gift of Steam is
+to the Steam-engine; a power whereby cotton might be spun, and money and
+money's worth realized.
+
+"Notable enough too, here as elsewhere, wilt thou find the potency of
+Names; which indeed are but one kind of such custom-woven, wonder-hiding
+Garments.  Witchcraft, and all manner of Spectre-work, and Demonology, we
+have now named Madness, and Diseases of the Nerves.  Seldom reflecting that
+still the new question comes upon us:  What is Madness, what are Nerves?
+Ever, as before, does Madness remain a mysterious-terrific, altogether
+_infernal_ boiling-up of the Nether Chaotic Deep, through this fair-painted
+Vision of Creation, which swims thereon, which we name the Real.  Was
+Luther's Picture of the Devil less a Reality, whether it were formed within
+the bodily eye, or without it?  In every the wisest Soul lies a whole world
+of internal Madness, an authentic Demon-Empire; out of which, indeed, his
+world of Wisdom has been creatively built together, and now rests there, as
+on its dark foundations does a habitable flowery Earth rind.
+
+"But deepest of all illusory Appearances, for hiding Wonder, as for many
+other ends, are your two grand fundamental world-enveloping Appearances,
+SPACE and TIME.  These, as spun and woven for us from before Birth itself,
+to clothe our celestial ME for dwelling here, and yet to blind it,--lie
+all-embracing, as the universal canvas, or warp and woof, whereby all minor
+Illusions, in this Phantasm Existence, weave and paint themselves.  In
+vain, while here on Earth, shall you endeavor to strip them off; you can,
+at best, but rend them asunder for moments, and look through.
+
+"Fortunatus had a wishing Hat, which when he put on, and wished himself
+Anywhere, behold he was There.  By this means had Fortunatus triumphed over
+Space, he had annihilated Space; for him there was no Where, but all was
+Here.  Were a Hatter to establish himself, in the Wahngasse of
+Weissnichtwo, and make felts of this sort for all mankind, what a world we
+should have of it!  Still stranger, should, on the opposite side of the
+street, another Hatter establish himself; and, as his fellow-craftsman made
+Space-annihilating Hats, make Time-annihilating!  Of both would I purchase,
+were it with my last groschen; but chiefly of this latter.  To clap on your
+felt, and, simply by wishing that you were Anywhere, straightway to be
+_There_!  Next to clap on your other felt, and, simply by wishing that you
+were _Anywhen_, straightway to be _Then_!  This were indeed the grander:
+shooting at will from the Fire-Creation of the World to its
+Fire-Consummation; here historically present in the First Century,
+conversing face to face with Paul and Seneca; there prophetically in the
+Thirty-first, conversing also face to face with other Pauls and Senecas,
+who as yet stand hidden in the depth of that late Time!
+
+"Or thinkest thou it were impossible, unimaginable?  Is the Past
+annihilated, then, or only past; is the Future non-extant, or only future?
+Those mystic faculties of thine, Memory and Hope, already answer:  already
+through those mystic avenues, thou the Earth-blinded summonest both Past
+and Future, and communest with them, though as yet darkly, and with mute
+beckonings.  The curtains of Yesterday drop down, the curtains of To-morrow
+roll up; but Yesterday and To-morrow both _are_.  Pierce through the
+Time-element, glance into the Eternal.  Believe what thou findest written
+in the sanctuaries of Man's Soul, even as all Thinkers, in all ages, have
+devoutly read it there:  that Time and Space are not God, but creations of
+God; that with God as it is a universal HERE, so is it an everlasting Now.
+
+"And seest thou therein any glimpse of IMMORTALITY?--O Heaven!  Is the
+white Tomb of our Loved One, who died from our arms, and had to be left
+behind us there, which rises in the distance, like a pale, mournfully
+receding Milestone, to tell how many toilsome uncheered miles we have
+journeyed on alone,--but a pale spectral Illusion!  Is the lost Friend
+still mysteriously Here, even as we are Here mysteriously, with God!--know
+of a truth that only the Time-shadows have perished, or are perishable;
+that the real Being of whatever was, and whatever is, and whatever will be,
+is even now and forever.  This, should it unhappily seem new, thou mayest
+ponder at thy leisure; for the next twenty years, or the next twenty
+centuries:  believe it thou must; understand it thou canst not.
+
+"That the Thought-forms, Space and Time, wherein, once for all, we are sent
+into this Earth to live, should condition and determine our whole Practical
+reasonings, conceptions, and imagings or imaginings, seems altogether fit,
+just, and unavoidable.  But that they should, furthermore, usurp such sway
+over pure spiritual Meditation, and blind us to the wonder everywhere lying
+close on us, seems nowise so.  Admit Space and Time to their due rank as
+Forms of Thought; nay even, if thou wilt, to their quite undue rank of
+Realities:  and consider, then, with thyself how their thin disguises hide
+from us the brightest God-effulgences!  Thus, were it not miraculous, could
+I stretch forth my hand and clutch the Sun?  Yet thou seest me daily
+stretch forth my hand and therewith clutch many a thing, and swing it
+hither and thither.  Art thou a grown baby, then, to fancy that the Miracle
+lies in miles of distance, or in pounds avoirdupois of weight; and not to
+see that the true inexplicable God-revealing Miracle lies in this, that I
+can stretch forth my hand at all; that I have free Force to clutch aught
+therewith?  Innumerable other of this sort are the deceptions, and
+wonder-hiding stupefactions, which Space practices on us.
+
+"Still worse is it with regard to Time.  Your grand anti-magician, and
+universal wonder-hider, is this same lying Time.  Had we but the
+Time-annihilating Hat, to put on for once only, we should see ourselves in
+a World of Miracles, wherein all fabled or authentic Thaumaturgy, and feats
+of Magic, were outdone.  But unhappily we have not such a Hat; and man,
+poor fool that he is, can seldom and scantily help himself without one.
+
+"Were it not wonderful, for instance, had Orpheus, or Amphion, built the
+walls of Thebes by the mere sound of his Lyre?  Yet tell me, Who built
+these walls of Weissnichtwo; summoning out all the sandstone rocks, to
+dance along from the _Steinbruch_ (now a huge Troglodyte Chasm, with
+frightful green-mantled pools); and shape themselves into Doric and Ionic
+pillars, squared ashlar houses and noble streets?  Was it not the still
+higher Orpheus, or Orpheuses, who, in past centuries, by the divine Music
+of Wisdom, succeeded in civilizing Man?  Our highest Orpheus walked in
+Judea, eighteen hundred years ago:  his sphere-melody, flowing in wild
+native tones, took captive the ravished souls of men; and, being of a truth
+sphere-melody, still flows and sounds, though now with thousand-fold
+accompaniments, and rich symphonies, through all our hearts; and modulates,
+and divinely leads them.  Is that a wonder, which happens in two hours; and
+does it cease to be wonderful if happening in two million?  Not only was
+Thebes built by the music of an Orpheus; but without the music of some
+inspired Orpheus was no city ever built, no work that man glories in ever
+done.
+
+"Sweep away the Illusion of Time; glance, if thou have eyes, from the near
+moving-cause to its far distant Mover:  The stroke that came transmitted
+through a whole galaxy of elastic balls, was it less a stroke than if the
+last ball only had been struck, and sent flying?  Oh, could I (with the
+Time-annihilating Hat) transport thee direct from the Beginnings, to the
+Endings, how were thy eyesight unsealed, and thy heart set flaming in the
+Light-sea of celestial wonder!  Then sawest thou that this fair Universe,
+were it in the meanest province thereof, is in very deed the star-domed
+City of God; that through every star, through every grass-blade, and most
+through every Living Soul, the glory of a present God still beams.  But
+Nature, which is the Time-vesture of God, and reveals Him to the wise,
+hides Him from the foolish.
+
+"Again, could anything be more miraculous than an actual authentic Ghost?
+The English Johnson longed, all his life, to see one; but could not, though
+he went to Cock Lane, and thence to the church-vaults, and tapped on
+coffins.  Foolish Doctor!  Did he never, with the mind's eye as well as
+with the body's, look round him into that full tide of human Life he so
+loved; did he never so much as look into Himself?  The good Doctor was a
+Ghost, as actual and authentic as heart could wish; well-nigh a million of
+Ghosts were travelling the streets by his side.  Once more I say, sweep
+away the illusion of Time; compress the threescore years into three
+minutes:  what else was he, what else are we?  Are we not Spirits, that are
+shaped into a body, into an Appearance; and that fade away again into air
+and Invisibility?  This is no metaphor, it is a simple scientific _fact_:
+we start out of Nothingness, take figure, and are Apparitions; round us, as
+round the veriest spectre, is Eternity; and to Eternity minutes are as
+years and aeons.  Come there not tones of Love and Faith, as from celestial
+harp-strings, like the Song of beatified Souls?  And again, do not we
+squeak and gibber (in our discordant, screech-owlish debatings and
+recriminatings); and glide bodeful, and feeble, and fearful; or uproar
+(_poltern_), and revel in our mad Dance of the Dead,--till the scent of the
+morning air summons us to our still Home; and dreamy Night becomes awake
+and Day?  Where now is Alexander of Macedon:  does the steel Host, that
+yelled in fierce battle-shouts at Issus and Arbela, remain behind him; or
+have they all vanished utterly, even as perturbed Goblins must?  Napoleon
+too, and his Moscow Retreats and Austerlitz Campaigns!  Was it all other
+than the veriest Spectre-hunt; which has now, with its howling tumult that
+made Night hideous, flitted away?-- Ghosts!  There are nigh a thousand
+million walking the Earth openly at noontide; some half-hundred have
+vanished from it, some half-hundred have arisen in it, ere thy watch ticks
+once.
+
+"O Heaven, it is mysterious, it is awful to consider that we not only carry
+each a future Ghost within him; but are, in very deed, Ghosts!  These
+Limbs, whence had we them; this stormy Force; this life-blood with its
+burning Passion?  They are dust and shadow; a Shadow-system gathered round
+our ME:  wherein, through some moments or years, the Divine Essence is to
+be revealed in the Flesh.  That warrior on his strong war-horse, fire
+flashes through his eyes; force dwells in his arm and heart:  but warrior
+and war-horse are a vision; a revealed Force, nothing more.  Stately they
+tread the Earth, as if it were a firm substance:  fool! the Earth is but a
+film; it cracks in twain, and warrior and war-horse sink beyond plummet's
+sounding.  Plummet's?  Fantasy herself will not follow them.  A little
+while ago, they were not; a little while, and they are not, their very
+ashes are not.
+
+"So has it been from the beginning, so will it be to the end.  Generation
+after generation takes to itself the Form of a Body; and forth issuing from
+Cimmerian Night, on Heaven's mission APPEARS.  What Force and Fire is in
+each he expends:  one grinding in the mill of Industry; one hunter-like
+climbing the giddy Alpine heights of Science; one madly dashed in pieces on
+the rocks of Strife, in war with his fellow:--and then the Heaven-sent is
+recalled; his earthly Vesture falls away, and soon even to Sense becomes a
+vanished Shadow.  Thus, like some wild-flaming, wild-thundering train of
+Heaven's Artillery, does this mysterious MANKIND thunder and flame, in
+long-drawn, quick-succeeding grandeur, through the unknown Deep.  Thus,
+like a God-created, fire-breathing Spirit-host, we emerge from the Inane;
+haste stormfully across the astonished Earth; then plunge again into the
+Inane.  Earth's mountains are levelled, and her seas filled up, in our
+passage:  can the Earth, which is but dead and a vision, resist Spirits
+which have reality and are alive?  On the hardest adamant some footprint of
+us is stamped in; the last Rear of the host will read traces of the
+earliest Van.  But whence?--O Heaven whither?  Sense knows not; Faith knows
+not; only that it is through Mystery to Mystery, from God and to God.
+
+                        'We _are such stuff_
+     As Dreams are made of, and our little Life
+     Is rounded with a sleep!'"
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+CIRCUMSPECTIVE.
+
+Here, then, arises the so momentous question:  Have many British Readers
+actually arrived with us at the new promised country; is the Philosophy of
+Clothes now at last opening around them?  Long and adventurous has the
+journey been:  from those outmost vulgar, palpable Woollen Hulls of Man;
+through his wondrous Flesh-Garments, and his wondrous Social Garnitures;
+inwards to the Garments of his very Soul's Soul, to Time and Space
+themselves!  And now does the spiritual, eternal Essence of Man, and of
+Mankind, bared of such wrappages, begin in any measure to reveal itself?
+Can many readers discern, as through a glass darkly, in huge wavering
+outlines, some primeval rudiments of Man's Being, what is changeable
+divided from what is unchangeable?  Does that Earth-Spirit's speech in
+_Faust_,--
+
+     "'Tis thus at the roaring Loom of Time I ply,
+     And weave for God the Garment thou seest Him by; "
+
+or that other thousand-times repeated speech of the Magician,
+Shakespeare,--
+
+     "And like the baseless fabric of this vision,
+     The cloud-capt Towers, the gorgeous Palaces,
+     The solemn Temples, the great Globe itself,
+     And all which it inherit, shall dissolve;
+     And like this unsubstantial pageant faded,
+     Leave not a wrack behind;"
+
+begin to have some meaning for us?  In a word, do we at length stand safe
+in the far region of Poetic Creation and Palingenesia, where that Phoenix
+Death-Birth of Human Society, and of all Human Things, appears possible, is
+seen to be inevitable?
+
+Along this most insufficient, unheard-of Bridge, which the Editor, by
+Heaven's blessing, has now seen himself enabled to conclude if not
+complete, it cannot be his sober calculation, but only his fond hope, that
+many have travelled without accident.  No firm arch, overspanning the
+Impassable with paved highway, could the Editor construct; only, as was
+said, some zigzag series of rafts floating tumultuously thereon.  Alas, and
+the leaps from raft to raft were too often of a breakneck character; the
+darkness, the nature of the element, all was against us!
+
+Nevertheless, may not here and there one of a thousand, provided with a
+discursiveness of intellect rare in our day, have cleared the passage, in
+spite of all?  Happy few! little band of Friends! be welcome, be of
+courage.  By degrees, the eye grows accustomed to its new Whereabout; the
+hand can stretch itself forth to work there:  it is in this grand and
+indeed highest work of Palingenesia that ye shall labor, each according to
+ability.  New laborers will arrive; new Bridges will be built; nay, may not
+our own poor rope-and-raft Bridge, in your passings and repassings, be
+mended in many a point, till it grow quite firm, passable even for the
+halt?
+
+Meanwhile, of the innumerable multitude that started with us, joyous and
+full of hope, where now is the innumerable remainder, whom we see no longer
+by our side?  The most have recoiled, and stand gazing afar off, in
+unsympathetic astonishment, at our career:  not a few, pressing forward
+with more courage, have missed footing, or leaped short; and now swim
+weltering in the Chaos-flood, some towards this shore, some towards that.
+To these also a helping hand should be held out; at least some word of
+encouragement be said.
+
+Or, to speak without metaphor, with which mode of utterance Teufelsdrockh
+unhappily has somewhat infected us,-- can it be hidden from the Editor that
+many a British Reader sits reading quite bewildered in head, and afflicted
+rather than instructed by the present Work?  Yes, long ago has many a
+British Reader been, as now, demanding with something like a snarl:
+Whereto does all this lead; or what use is in it?
+
+In the way of replenishing thy purse, or otherwise aiding thy digestive
+faculty, O British Reader, it leads to nothing, and there is no use in it;
+but rather the reverse, for it costs thee somewhat.  Nevertheless, if
+through this unpromising Horn-gate, Teufelsdrockh, and we by means of him,
+have led thee into the true Land of Dreams; and through the Clothes-Screen,
+as through a magical _Pierre-Pertuis_, thou lookest, even for moments, into
+the region of the Wonderful, and seest and feelest that thy daily life is
+girt with Wonder, and based on Wonder, and thy very blankets and breeches
+are Miracles,-- then art thou profited beyond money's worth; and hast a
+thankfulness towards our Professor; nay, perhaps in many a literary
+Tea-circle wilt open thy kind lips, and audibly express that same.
+
+Nay farther, art not thou too perhaps by this time made aware that all
+Symbols are properly Clothes; that all Forms whereby Spirit manifests
+itself to sense, whether outwardly or in the imagination, are Clothes; and
+thus not only the parchment Magna Charta, which a Tailor was nigh cutting
+into measures, but the Pomp and Authority of Law, the sacredness of
+Majesty, and all inferior Worships (Worth-ships) are properly a Vesture and
+Raiment; and the Thirty-nine Articles themselves are articles of
+wearing-apparel (for the Religious Idea)?  In which case, must it not also
+be admitted that this Science of Clothes is a high one, and may with
+infinitely deeper study on thy part yield richer fruit:  that it takes
+scientific rank beside Codification, and Political Economy, and the Theory
+of the British Constitution; nay rather, from its prophetic height looks
+down on all these, as on so many weaving-shops and spinning-mills, where
+the Vestures which _it_ has to fashion, and consecrate, and distribute,
+are, too often by haggard hungry operatives who see no farther than their
+nose, mechanically woven and spun?
+
+But omitting all this, much more all that concerns Natural Supernaturalism,
+and indeed whatever has reference to the Ulterior or Transcendental portion
+of the Science, or bears never so remotely on that promised Volume of the
+_Palingenesie der menschlichen Gesellschaft_ (Newbirth of Society),--we
+humbly suggest that no province of Clothes-Philosophy, even the lowest, is
+without its direct value, but that innumerable inferences of a practical
+nature may be drawn therefrom.  To say nothing of those pregnant
+considerations, ethical, political, symbolical, which crowd on the
+Clothes-Philosopher from the very threshold of his Science; nothing even of
+those "architectural ideas," which, as we have seen, lurk at the bottom of
+all Modes, and will one day, better unfolding themselves, lead to important
+revolutions,--let us glance for a moment, and with the faintest light of
+Clothes-Philosophy, on what may be called the Habilatory Class of our
+fellow-men.  Here too overlooking, where so much were to be looked on, the
+million spinners, weavers, fullers, dyers, washers, and wringers, that
+puddle and muddle in their dark recesses, to make us Clothes, and die that
+we may live,--let us but turn the reader's attention upon two small
+divisions of mankind, who, like moths, may be regarded as Cloth-animals,
+creatures that live, move and have their being in Cloth:  we mean, Dandies
+and Tailors.
+
+In regard to both which small divisions it may be asserted without scruple,
+that the public feeling, unenlightened by Philosophy, is at fault; and even
+that the dictates of humanity are violated.  As will perhaps abundantly
+appear to readers of the two following Chapters.
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+THE DANDIACAL BODY.
+
+First, touching Dandies, let us consider, with some scientific strictness,
+what a Dandy specially is.  A Dandy is a Clothes-wearing Man, a Man whose
+trade, office and existence consists in the wearing of Clothes.  Every
+faculty of his soul, spirit, purse and person is heroically consecrated to
+this one object, the wearing of Clothes wisely and well:  so that as others
+dress to live, he lives to dress.  The all-importance of Clothes, which a
+German Professor, of unequalled learning and acumen, writes his enormous
+Volume to demonstrate, has sprung up in the intellect of the Dandy without
+effort, like an instinct of genius; he is inspired with Cloth, a Poet of
+Cloth.  What Teufelsdrockh would call a "Divine Idea of Cloth" is born with
+him; and this, like other such Ideas, will express itself outwardly, or
+wring his heart asunder with unutterable throes.
+
+But, like a generous, creative enthusiast, he fearlessly makes his Idea an
+Action; shows himself in peculiar guise to mankind; walks forth, a witness
+and living Martyr to the eternal worth of Clothes.  We called him a Poet:
+is not his body the (stuffed) parchment-skin whereon he writes, with
+cunning Huddersfield dyes, a Sonnet to his mistress' eyebrow?  Say, rather,
+an Epos, and _Clotha Virumque cano_, to the whole world, in Macaronic
+verses, which he that runs may read.  Nay, if you grant, what seems to be
+admissible, that the Dandy has a Thinking-principle in him, and some
+notions of Time and Space, is there not in this life-devotedness to Cloth,
+in this so willing sacrifice of the Immortal to the Perishable, something
+(though in reverse order) of that blending and identification of Eternity
+with Time, which, as we have seen, constitutes the Prophetic character?
+
+And now, for all this perennial Martyrdom, and Poesy, and even Prophecy,
+what is it that the Dandy asks in return?  Solely, we may say, that you
+would recognize his existence; would admit him to be a living object; or
+even failing this, a visual object, or thing that will reflect rays of
+light.  Your silver or your gold (beyond what the niggardly Law has already
+secured him) he solicits not; simply the glance of your eyes.  Understand
+his mystic significance, or altogether miss and misinterpret it; do but
+look at him, and he is contented.  May we not well cry shame on an
+ungrateful world, which refuses even this poor boon; which will waste its
+optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins; and over the domestic
+wonderful wonder of wonders, a live Dandy, glance with hasty indifference,
+and a scarcely concealed contempt!  Him no Zoologist classes among the
+Mammalia, no Anatomist dissects with care:  when did we see any injected
+Preparation of the Dandy in our Museums; any specimen of him preserved in
+spirits!  Lord Herringbone may dress himself in a snuff-brown suit, with
+snuff-brown shirt and shoes:  it skills not; the undiscerning public,
+occupied with grosser wants, passes by regardless on the other side.
+
+The age of Curiosity, like that of Chivalry, is indeed, properly speaking,
+gone.  Yet perhaps only gone to sleep:  for here arises the
+Clothes-Philosophy to resuscitate, strangely enough, both the one and the
+other!  Should sound views of this Science come to prevail, the essential
+nature of the British Dandy, and the mystic significance that lies in him,
+cannot always remain hidden under laughable and lamentable hallucination.
+The following long Extract from Professor Teufelsdrockh may set the matter,
+if not in its true light, yet in the way towards such.  It is to be
+regretted, however, that here, as so often elsewhere, the Professor's keen
+philosophic perspicacity is somewhat marred by a certain mixture of almost
+owlish purblindness, or else of some perverse, ineffectual, ironic
+tendency; our readers shall judge which:--
+
+
+"In these distracted times," writes he, "when the Religious Principle,
+driven out of most Churches, either lies unseen in the hearts of good men,
+looking and longing and silently working there towards some new Revelation;
+or else wanders homeless over the world, like a disembodied soul seeking
+its terrestrial organization,--into how many strange shapes, of
+Superstition and Fanaticism, does it not tentatively and errantly cast
+itself!  The higher Enthusiasm of man's nature is for the while without
+Exponent; yet does it continue indestructible, unweariedly active, and work
+blindly in the great chaotic deep:  thus Sect after Sect, and Church after
+Church, bodies itself forth, and melts again into new metamorphosis.
+
+"Chiefly is this observable in England, which, as the wealthiest and
+worst-instructed of European nations, offers precisely the elements (of
+Heat, namely, and of Darkness), in which such moon-calves and monstrosities
+are best generated.  Among the newer Sects of that country, one of the most
+notable, and closely connected with our present subject, is that of the
+_Dandies_; concerning which, what little information I have been able to
+procure may fitly stand here.
+
+"It is true, certain of the English Journalists, men generally without
+sense for the Religious Principle, or judgment for its manifestations,
+speak, in their brief enigmatic notices, as if this were perhaps rather a
+Secular Sect, and not a Religious one; nevertheless, to the psychologic eye
+its devotional and even sacrificial character plainly enough reveals
+itself.  Whether it belongs to the class of Fetish-worships, or of
+Hero-worships or Polytheisms, or to what other class, may in the present
+state of our intelligence remain undecided (_schweben_).  A certain touch
+of Manicheism, not indeed in the Gnostic shape, is discernible enough; also
+(for human Error walks in a cycle, and reappears at intervals) a
+not-inconsiderable resemblance to that Superstition of the Athos Monks, who
+by fasting from all nourishment, and looking intensely for a length of time
+into their own navels, came to discern therein the true Apocalypse of
+Nature, and Heaven Unveiled.  To my own surmise, it appears as if this
+Dandiacal Sect were but a new modification, adapted to the new time, of
+that primeval Superstition, _Self-worship_; which Zerdusht, Quangfoutchee,
+Mahomet, and others, strove rather to subordinate and restrain than to
+eradicate; and which only in the purer forms of Religion has been
+altogether rejected.  Wherefore, if any one chooses to name it revived
+Ahrimanism, or a new figure of Demon-Worship, I have, so far as is yet
+visible, no objection.
+
+"For the rest, these people, animated with the zeal of a new Sect, display
+courage and perseverance, and what force there is in man's nature, though
+never so enslaved.  They affect great purity and separatism; distinguish
+themselves by a particular costume (whereof some notices were given in the
+earlier part of this Volume); likewise, so far as possible, by a particular
+speech (apparently some broken _Lingua-franca_, or English-French); and, on
+the whole, strive to maintain a true Nazarene deportment, and keep
+themselves unspotted from the world.
+
+"They have their Temples, whereof the chief, as the Jewish Temple did,
+stands in their metropolis; and is named _Almack's_, a word of uncertain
+etymology.  They worship principally by night; and have their High-priests
+and High-priestesses, who, however, do not continue for life.  The rites,
+by some supposed to be of the Menadic sort, or perhaps with an Eleusinian
+or Cabiric character, are held strictly secret.  Nor are Sacred Books
+wanting to the Sect; these they call _Fashionable Novels_:  however, the
+Canon is not completed, and some are canonical and others not.
+
+"Of such Sacred Books I, not without expense, procured myself some samples;
+and in hope of true insight, and with the zeal which beseems an Inquirer
+into Clothes, set to interpret and study them.  But wholly to no purpose:
+that tough faculty of reading, for which the world will not refuse me
+credit, was here for the first time foiled and set at naught.  In vain that
+I summoned my whole energies (_mich weidlich anstrengte_), and did my very
+utmost; at the end of some short space, I was uniformly seized with not so
+much what I can call a drumming in my ears, as a kind of infinite,
+unsufferable, Jew's-harping and scrannel-piping there; to which the
+frightfullest species of Magnetic Sleep soon supervened.  And if I strove
+to shake this away, and absolutely would not yield, there came a hitherto
+unfelt sensation, as of _Delirium Tremens_, and a melting into total
+deliquium:  till at last, by order of the Doctor, dreading ruin to my whole
+intellectual and bodily faculties, and a general breaking up of the
+constitution, I reluctantly but determinedly forbore.  Was there some
+miracle at work here; like those Fire-balls, and supernal and infernal
+prodigies, which, in the case of the Jewish Mysteries, have also more than
+once scared back the Alien?  Be this as it may, such failure on my part,
+after best efforts, must excuse the imperfection of this sketch; altogether
+incomplete, yet the completest I could give of a Sect too singular to be
+omitted.
+
+"Loving my own life and senses as I do, no power shall induce me, as a
+private individual, to open another _Fashionable Novel_.  But luckily, in
+this dilemma, comes a hand from the clouds; whereby if not victory,
+deliverance is held out to me.  Round one of those Book-packages, which the
+_Stillschweigen'sche Buchhandlung_ is in the habit of importing from
+England, come, as is usual, various waste printed-sheets
+(_Maculatur-blatter_), by way of interior wrappage:  into these the
+Clothes-Philosopher, with a certain Mahometan reverence even for
+waste-paper, where curious knowledge will sometimes hover, disdains not to
+cast his eye.  Readers may judge of his astonishment when on such a defaced
+stray-sheet, probably the outcast fraction of some English Periodical, such
+as they name _Magazine_, appears something like a Dissertation on this very
+subject of _Fashionable Novels_!  It sets out, indeed, chiefly from a
+Secular point of view; directing itself, not without asperity, against some
+to me unknown individual named _Pelham_, who seems to be a Mystagogue, and
+leading Teacher and Preacher of the Sect; so that, what indeed otherwise
+was not to be expected in such a fugitive fragmentary sheet, the true
+secret, the Religious physiognomy and physiology of the Dandiacal Body, is
+nowise laid fully open there.  Nevertheless, scattered lights do from time
+to time sparkle out, whereby I have endeavored to profit.  Nay, in one
+passage selected from the Prophecies, or Mythic Theogonies, or whatever
+they are (for the style seems very mixed) of this Mystagogue, I find what
+appears to be a Confession of Faith, or Whole Duty of Man, according to the
+tenets of that Sect.  Which Confession or Whole Duty, therefore, as
+proceeding from a source so authentic, I shall here arrange under Seven
+distinct Articles, and in very abridged shape lay before the German world;
+therewith taking leave of this matter.  Observe also, that to avoid
+possibility of error, I, as far as may be, quote literally from the
+Original:--
+
+ARTICLES OF FAITH.
+
+'1.  Coats should have nothing of the triangle about them; at the same
+time, wrinkles behind should be carefully avoided.
+
+'2.  The collar is a very important point:  it should be low behind, and
+slightly rolled.
+
+'3.  No license of fashion can allow a man of delicate taste to adopt the
+posterial luxuriance of a Hottentot.
+
+'4.  There is safety in a swallow-tail.
+
+'5.  The good sense of a gentleman is nowhere more finely developed than in
+his rings.
+
+'6.  It is permitted to mankind, under certain restrictions, to wear white
+waistcoats.
+
+'7.  The trousers must be exceedingly tight across the hips.'
+
+"All which Propositions I, for the present, content myself with modestly
+but peremptorily and irrevocably denying.
+
+"In strange contrast with this Dandiacal Body stands another British Sect,
+originally, as I understand, of Ireland, where its chief seat still is; but
+known also in the main Island, and indeed everywhere rapidly spreading.  As
+this Sect has hitherto emitted no Canonical Books, it remains to me in the
+same state of obscurity as the Dandiacal, which has published Books that
+the unassisted human faculties are inadequate to read.  The members appear
+to be designated by a considerable diversity of names, according to their
+various places of establishment:  in England they are generally called the
+_Drudge_ Sect; also, unphilosophically enough, the _White Negroes_; and,
+chiefly in scorn by those of other communions, the _Ragged-Beggar_ Sect.
+In Scotland, again, I find them entitled _Hallanshakers_, or the _Stook of
+Duds_ Sect; any individual communicant is named _Stook of Duds_ (that is,
+Shock of Rags), in allusion, doubtless, to their professional Costume.
+While in Ireland, which, as mentioned, is their grand parent hive, they go
+by a perplexing multiplicity of designations, such as _Bogtrotters,
+Redshanks, Ribbonmen, Cottiers, Peep-of-Day Boys, Babes of the Wood,
+Rockites, Poor-Slaves_:  which last, however, seems to be the primary and
+generic name; whereto, probably enough, the others are only subsidiary
+species, or slight varieties; or, at most, propagated offsets from the
+parent stem, whose minute subdivisions, and shades of difference, it were
+here loss of time to dwell on.  Enough for us to understand, what seems
+indubitable, that the original Sect is that of the _Poor-Slaves_; whose
+doctrines, practices, and fundamental characteristics pervade and animate
+the whole Body, howsoever denominated or outwardly diversified.
+
+"The precise speculative tenets of this Brotherhood:  how the Universe, and
+Man, and Man's Life, picture themselves to the mind of an Irish Poor-Slave;
+with what feelings and opinions he looks forward on the Future, round on
+the Present, back on the Past, it were extremely difficult to specify.
+Something Monastic there appears to be in their Constitution:  we find them
+bound by the two Monastic Vows, of Poverty and Obedience; which vows,
+especially the former, it is said, they observe with great strictness; nay,
+as I have understood it, they are pledged, and be it by any solemn Nazarene
+ordination or not, irrevocably consecrated thereto, even _before_ birth.
+That the third Monastic Vow, of Chastity, is rigidly enforced among them, I
+find no ground to conjecture.
+
+"Furthermore, they appear to imitate the Dandiacal Sect in their grand
+principle of wearing a peculiar Costume.  Of which Irish Poor-Slave Costume
+no description will indeed be found in the present Volume; for this reason,
+that by the imperfect organ of Language it did not seem describable.  Their
+raiment consists of innumerable skirts, lappets and irregular wings, of all
+cloths and of all colors; through the labyrinthic intricacies of which
+their bodies are introduced by some unknown process.  It is fastened
+together by a multiplex combination of buttons, thrums and skewers; to
+which frequently is added a girdle of leather, of hempen or even of straw
+rope, round the loins.  To straw rope, indeed, they seem partial, and often
+wear it by way of sandals.  In head-dress they affect a certain freedom:
+hats with partial brim, without crown, or with only a loose, hinged, or
+valve crown; in the former case, they sometimes invert the hat, and wear it
+brim uppermost, like a university-cap, with what view is unknown.
+
+"The name Poor-Slaves seems to indicate a Slavonic, Polish, or Russian
+origin:  not so, however, the interior essence and spirit of their
+Superstition, which rather displays a Teutonic or Druidical character.  One
+might fancy them worshippers of Hertha, or the Earth:  for they dig and
+affectionately work continually in her bosom; or else, shut up in private
+Oratories, meditate and manipulate the substances derived from her; seldom
+looking up towards the Heavenly Luminaries, and then with comparative
+indifference.  Like the Druids, on the other hand, they live in dark
+dwellings; often even breaking their glass windows, where they find such,
+and stuffing them up with pieces of raiment, or other opaque substances,
+till the fit obscurity is restored.  Again, like all followers of
+Nature-Worship, they are liable to out-breakings of an enthusiasm rising to
+ferocity; and burn men, if not in wicker idols, yet in sod cottages.
+
+"In respect of diet, they have also their observances.  All Poor-Slaves are
+Rhizophagous (or Root-eaters); a few are Ichthyophagous, and use Salted
+Herrings:  other animal food they abstain from; except indeed, with perhaps
+some strange inverted fragment of a Brahminical feeling, such animals as
+die a natural death.  Their universal sustenance is the root named Potato,
+cooked by fire alone; and generally without condiment or relish of any
+kind, save an unknown condiment named _Point_, into the meaning of which I
+have vainly inquired; the victual _Potatoes-and-Point_ not appearing, at
+least not with specific accuracy of description, in any European
+Cookery-Book whatever.  For drink, they use, with an almost epigrammatic
+counterpoise of taste, Milk, which is the mildest of liquors, and
+_Potheen_, which is the fiercest.  This latter I have tasted, as well as
+the English _Blue-Ruin_, and the Scotch _Whiskey_, analogous fluids used by
+the Sect in those countries:  it evidently contains some form of alcohol,
+in the highest state of concentration, though disguised with acrid oils;
+and is, on the whole, the most pungent substance known to me,--indeed, a
+perfect liquid fire.  In all their Religious Solemnities, Potheen is said
+to be an indispensable requisite, and largely consumed.
+
+"An Irish Traveller, of perhaps common veracity, who presents himself under
+the to me unmeaning title of _The late John Bernard_, offers the following
+sketch of a domestic establishment, the inmates whereof, though such is not
+stated expressly, appear to have been of that Faith.  Thereby shall my
+German readers now behold an Irish Poor-Slave, as it were with their own
+eyes; and even see him at meat.  Moreover, in the so precious waste-paper
+sheet above mentioned, I have found some corresponding picture of a
+Dandiacal Household, painted by that same Dandiacal Mystagogue, or
+Theogonist:  this also, by way of counterpart and contrast, the world shall
+look into.
+
+"First, therefore, of the Poor-Slave, who appears likewise to have been a
+species of Innkeeper.  I quote from the original:
+
+
+POOR-SLAVE HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'The furniture of this Caravansera consisted of a large iron Pot, two
+oaken Tables, two Benches, two Chairs, and a Potheen Noggin.  There was a
+Loft above (attainable by a ladder), upon which the inmates slept; and the
+space below was divided by a hurdle into two Apartments; the one for their
+cow and pig, the other for themselves and guests.  On entering the house we
+discovered the family, eleven in number, at dinner:  the father sitting at
+the top, the mother at the bottom, the children on each side, of a large
+oaken Board, which was scooped out in the middle, like a trough, to receive
+the contents of their Pot of Potatoes.  Little holes were cut at equal
+distances to contain Salt; and a bowl of Milk stood on the table:  all the
+luxuries of meat and beer, bread, knives and dishes were dispensed with.'
+The Poor-Slave himself our Traveller found, as he says, broad-backed,
+black-browed, of great personal strength, and mouth from ear to ear.  His
+Wife was a sun-browned but well-featured woman; and his young ones, bare
+and chubby, had the appetite of ravens.  Of their Philosophical or
+Religious tenets or observances, no notice or hint.
+
+"But now, secondly, of the Dandiacal Household; in which, truly, that
+often-mentioned Mystagogue and inspired Penman himself has his abode:--
+
+
+DANDIACAL HOUSEHOLD.
+
+"'A Dressing-room splendidly furnished; violet-colored curtains, chairs and
+ottomans of the same hue.  Two full-length Mirrors are placed, one on each
+side of a table, which supports the luxuries of the Toilet.  Several
+Bottles of Perfumes, arranged in a peculiar fashion, stand upon a smaller
+table of mother-of-pearl:  opposite to these are placed the appurtenances
+of Lavation richly wrought in frosted silver.  A Wardrobe of Buhl is on the
+left; the doors of which, being partly open, discover a profusion of
+Clothes; Shoes of a singularly small size monopolize the lower shelves.
+Fronting the wardrobe a door ajar gives some slight glimpse of a Bath-room.
+Folding-doors in the background.--Enter the Author,' our Theogonist in
+person, 'obsequiously preceded by a French Valet, in white silk Jacket and
+cambric Apron.'
+
+"Such are the two Sects which, at this moment, divide the more unsettled
+portion of the British People; and agitate that ever-vexed country.  To the
+eye of the political Seer, their mutual relation, pregnant with the
+elements of discord and hostility, is far from consoling.  These two
+principles of Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or
+Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be, do as yet
+indeed manifest themselves under distant and nowise considerable shapes:
+nevertheless, in their roots and subterranean ramifications, they extend
+through the entire structure of Society, and work unweariedly in the secret
+depths of English national Existence; striving to separate and isolate it
+into two contradictory, uncommunicating masses.
+
+"In numbers, and even individual strength, the Poor-Slaves or Drudges, it
+would seem, are hourly increasing.  The Dandiacal, again, is by nature no
+proselytizing Sect; but it boasts of great hereditary resources, and is
+strong by union; whereas the Drudges, split into parties, have as yet no
+rallying-point; or at best only co-operate by means of partial secret
+affiliations.  If, indeed, there were to arise a _Communion of Drudges_, as
+there is already a Communion of Saints, what strangest effects would follow
+therefrom!  Dandyism as yet affects to look down on Drudgism:  but perhaps
+the hour of trial, when it will be practically seen which ought to look
+down, and which up, is not so distant.
+
+"To me it seems probable that the two Sects will one day part England
+between them; each recruiting itself from the intermediate ranks, till
+there be none left to enlist on either side.  Those Dandiacal Manicheans,
+with the host of Dandyizing Christians, will form one body:  the Drudges,
+gathering round them whosoever is Drudgical, be he Christian or Infidel
+Pagan; sweeping up likewise all manner of Utilitarians, Radicals,
+refractory Pot-wallopers, and so forth, into their general mass, will form
+another.  I could liken Dandyism and Drudgism to two bottomless boiling
+Whirlpools that had broken out on opposite quarters of the firm land:  as
+yet they appear only disquieted, foolishly bubbling wells, which man's art
+might cover in; yet mark them, their diameter is daily widening:  they are
+hollow Cones that boil up from the infinite Deep, over which your firm land
+is but a thin crust or rind!  Thus daily is the intermediate land crumbling
+in, daily the empire of the two Buchan-Bullers extending; till now there is
+but a foot-plank, a mere film of Land between them; this too is washed
+away:  and then--we have the true Hell of Waters, and Noah's Deluge is
+out-deluged!
+
+"Or better, I might call them two boundless, and indeed unexampled Electric
+Machines (turned by the 'Machinery of Society'), with batteries of opposite
+quality; Drudgism the Negative, Dandyism the Positive; one attracts hourly
+towards it and appropriates all the Positive Electricity of the nation
+(namely, the Money thereof); the other is equally busy with the Negative
+(that is to say the Hunger), which is equally potent.  Hitherto you see
+only partial transient sparkles and sputters:  but wait a little, till the
+entire nation is in an electric state:  till your whole vital Electricity,
+no longer healthfully Neutral, is cut into two isolated portions of
+Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger); and stands there bottled up
+in two World-Batteries!  The stirring of a child's finger brings the two
+together; and then--What then?  The Earth is but shivered into impalpable
+smoke by that Doom's thunder-peal; the Sun misses one of his Planets in
+Space, and thenceforth there are no eclipses of the Moon.--Or better still,
+I might liken"--
+
+Oh, enough, enough of likenings and similitudes; in excess of which, truly,
+it is hard to say whether Teufelsdrockh or ourselves sin the more.
+
+We have often blamed him for a habit of wire-drawing and over-refining;
+from of old we have been familiar with his tendency to Mysticism and
+Religiosity, whereby in everything he was still scenting out Religion:  but
+never perhaps did these amaurosis-suffusions so cloud and distort his
+otherwise most piercing vision, as in this of the _Dandiacal Body_!  Or was
+there something of intended satire; is the Professor and Seer not quite the
+blinkard he affects to be?  Of an ordinary mortal we should have decisively
+answered in the affirmative; but with a Teufelsdrockh there ever hovers
+some shade of doubt.  In the mean while, if satire were actually intended,
+the case is little better.  There are not wanting men who will answer:
+Does your Professor take us for simpletons?  His irony has overshot itself;
+we see through it, and perhaps through him.
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+TAILORS.
+
+Thus, however, has our first Practical Inference from the
+Clothes-Philosophy, that which respects Dandies, been sufficiently drawn;
+and we come now to the second, concerning Tailors.  On this latter our
+opinion happily quite coincides with that of Teufelsdrockh himself, as
+expressed in the concluding page of his Volume, to whom, therefore, we
+willingly give place.  Let him speak his own last words, in his own way:--
+
+
+"Upwards of a century," says he, "must elapse, and still the bleeding fight
+of Freedom be fought, whoso is noblest perishing in the van, and thrones be
+hurled on altars like Pelion on Ossa, and the Moloch of Iniquity have his
+victims, and the Michael of Justice his martyrs, before Tailors can be
+admitted to their true prerogatives of manhood, and this last wound of
+suffering Humanity be closed.
+
+"If aught in the history of the world's blindness could surprise us, here
+might we indeed pause and wonder.  An idea has gone abroad, and fixed
+itself down into a wide-spreading rooted error, that Tailors are a distinct
+species in Physiology, not Men, but fractional Parts of a Man.  Call any
+one a _Schneider_ (Cutter, Tailor), is it not, in our dislocated,
+hoodwinked, and indeed delirious condition of Society, equivalent to
+defying his perpetual fellest enmity?  The epithet _schneidermassig_
+(tailor-like) betokens an otherwise unapproachable degree of pusillanimity;
+we introduce a _Tailor's-Melancholy_, more opprobrious than any Leprosy,
+into our Books of Medicine; and fable I know not what of his generating it
+by living on Cabbage.  Why should I speak of Hans Sachs (himself a
+Shoemaker, or kind of Leather-Tailor), with his _Schneider mit dem Panier_?
+Why of Shakspeare, in his _Taming of the Shrew_, and elsewhere?  Does it
+not stand on record that the English Queen Elizabeth, receiving a
+deputation of Eighteen Tailors, addressed them with a 'Good morning,
+gentlemen both!'  Did not the same virago boast that she had a Cavalry
+Regiment, whereof neither horse nor man could be injured; her Regiment,
+namely, of Tailors on Mares?  Thus everywhere is the falsehood taken for
+granted, and acted on as an indisputable fact.
+
+"Nevertheless, need I put the question to any Physiologist, whether it is
+disputable or not?  Seems it not at least presumable, that, under his
+Clothes, the Tailor has bones and viscera, and other muscles than the
+sartorius?  Which function of manhood is the Tailor not conjectured to
+perform?  Can he not arrest for debt?  Is he not in most countries a
+taxpaying animal?
+
+"To no reader of this Volume can it be doubtful which conviction is mine.
+Nay if the fruit of these long vigils, and almost preternatural Inquiries,
+is not to perish utterly, the world will have approximated towards a higher
+Truth; and the doctrine, which Swift, with the keen forecast of genius,
+dimly anticipated, will stand revealed in clear light:  that the Tailor is
+not only a Man, but something of a Creator or Divinity.  Of Franklin it was
+said, that 'he snatched the Thunder from Heaven and the Sceptre from
+Kings:'  but which is greater, I would ask, he that lends, or he that
+snatches?  For, looking away from individual cases, and how a Man is by the
+Tailor new-created into a Nobleman, and clothed not only with Wool but with
+Dignity and a Mystic Dominion,--is not the fair fabric of Society itself,
+with all its royal mantles and pontifical stoles, whereby, from nakedness
+and dismemberment, we are organized into Polities, into nations, and a
+whole co-operating Mankind, the creation, as has here been often
+irrefragably evinced, of the Tailor alone?--What too are all Poets and
+moral Teachers, but a species of Metaphorical Tailors?  Touching which high
+Guild the greatest living Guild-brother has triumphantly asked us:  'Nay if
+thou wilt have it, who but the Poet first made Gods for men; brought them
+down to us; and raised us up to them?'
+
+"And this is he, whom sitting downcast, on the hard basis of his Shopboard,
+the world treats with contumely, as the ninth part of a man!  Look up, thou
+much-injured one, look up with the kindling eye of hope, and prophetic
+bodings of a noble better time.  Too long hast thou sat there, on crossed
+legs, wearing thy ankle-joints to horn; like some sacred Anchorite, or
+Catholic Fakir, doing penance, drawing down Heaven's richest blessings, for
+a world that scoffed at thee.  Be of hope!  Already streaks of blue peer
+through our clouds; the thick gloom of Ignorance is rolling asunder, and it
+will be Day.  Mankind will repay with interest their long-accumulated debt:
+the Anchorite that was scoffed at will be worshipped; the Fraction will
+become not an Integer only, but a Square and Cube.  With astonishment the
+world will recognize that the Tailor is its Hierophant and Hierarch, or
+even its God.
+
+"As I stood in the Mosque of St. Sophia, and looked upon these
+Four-and-Twenty Tailors, sewing and embroidering that rich Cloth, which the
+Sultan sends yearly for the Caaba of Mecca, I thought within myself:  How
+many other Unholies has your covering Art made holy, besides this Arabian
+Whinstone!
+
+"Still more touching was it when, turning the corner of a lane, in the
+Scottish Town of Edinburgh, I came upon a Signpost, whereon stood written
+that such and such a one was 'Breeches-Maker to his Majesty;' and stood
+painted the Effigies of a Pair of Leather Breeches, and between the knees
+these memorable words, SIC ITUR AD ASTRA.  Was not this the martyr
+prison-speech of a Tailor sighing indeed in bonds, yet sighing towards
+deliverance, and prophetically appealing to a better day?  A day of
+justice, when the worth of Breeches would be revealed to man, and the
+Scissors become forever venerable.
+
+"Neither, perhaps, may I now say, has his appeal been altogether in vain.
+It was in this high moment, when the soul, rent, as it were, and shed
+asunder, is open to inspiring influence, that I first conceived this Work
+on Clothes:  the greatest I can ever hope to do; which has already, after
+long retardations, occupied, and will yet occupy, so large a section of my
+Life; and of which the Primary and simpler Portion may here find its
+conclusion."
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+FAREWELL.
+
+So have we endeavored, from the enormous, amorphous Plum-pudding, more like
+a Scottish Haggis, which Herr Teufelsdrockh had kneaded for his
+fellow-mortals, to pick out the choicest Plums, and present them separately
+on a cover of our own.  A laborious, perhaps a thankless enterprise; in
+which, however, something of hope has occasionally cheered us, and of which
+we can now wash our hands not altogether without satisfaction.  If hereby,
+though in barbaric wise, some morsel of spiritual nourishment have been
+added to the scanty ration of our beloved British world, what nobler
+recompense could the Editor desire?  If it prove otherwise, why should he
+murmur?  Was not this a Task which Destiny, in any case, had appointed him;
+which having now done with, he sees his general Day's-work so much the
+lighter, so much the shorter?
+
+
+Of Professor Teufelsdrockh, it seems impossible to take leave without a
+mingled feeling of astonishment, gratitude, and disapproval.  Who will not
+regret that talents, which might have profited in the higher walks of
+Philosophy, or in Art itself, have been so much devoted to a rummaging
+among lumber-rooms; nay too often to a scraping in kennels, where lost
+rings and diamond-necklaces are nowise the sole conquests?  Regret is
+unavoidable; yet censure were loss of time.  To cure him of his mad humors
+British Criticism would essay in vain:  enough for her if she can, by
+vigilance, prevent the spreading of such among ourselves.  What a result,
+should this piebald, entangled, hyper-metaphorical style of writing, not to
+say of thinking, become general among our Literary men!  As it might so
+easily do.  Thus has not the Editor himself, working over Teufelsdrockh's
+German, lost much of his own English purity?  Even as the smaller whirlpool
+is sucked into the larger, and made to whirl along with it, so has the
+lesser mind, in this instance, been forced to become portion of the
+greater, and, like it, see all things figuratively:  which habit time and
+assiduous effort will be needed to eradicate.
+
+Nevertheless, wayward as our Professor shows himself, is there any reader
+that can part with him in declared enmity?  Let us confess, there is that
+in the wild, much-suffering, much-inflicting man, which almost attaches us.
+His attitude, we will hope and believe, is that of a man who had said to
+Cant, Begone; and to Dilettantism, Here thou canst not be; and to Truth, Be
+thou in place of all to me:  a man who had manfully defied the
+"Time-Prince," or Devil, to his face; nay perhaps, Hannibal-like, was
+mysteriously consecrated from birth to that warfare, and now stood minded
+to wage the same, by all weapons, in all places, at all times.  In such a
+cause, any soldier, were he but a Polack Scythe-man, shall be welcome.
+
+Still the question returns on us:  How could a man occasionally of keen
+insight, not without keen sense of propriety, who had real Thoughts to
+communicate, resolve to emit them in a shape bordering so closely on the
+absurd?  Which question he were wiser than the present Editor who should
+satisfactorily answer.  Our conjecture has sometimes been, that perhaps
+Necessity as well as Choice was concerned in it.  Seems it not conceivable
+that, in a Life like our Professor's, where so much bountifully given by
+Nature had in Practice failed and misgone, Literature also would never
+rightly prosper:  that striving with his characteristic vehemence to paint
+this and the other Picture, and ever without success, he at last
+desperately dashes his sponge, full of all colors, against the canvas, to
+try whether it will paint Foam?  With all his stillness, there were perhaps
+in Teufelsdrockh desperation enough for this.
+
+A second conjecture we hazard with even less warranty.  It is, that
+Teufelsdrockh, is not without some touch of the universal feeling, a wish
+to proselytize.  How often already have we paused, uncertain whether the
+basis of this so enigmatic nature were really Stoicism and Despair, or Love
+and Hope only seared into the figure of these!  Remarkable, moreover, is
+this saying of his:  "How were Friendship possible?  In mutual devotedness
+to the Good and True:  otherwise impossible; except as Armed Neutrality, or
+hollow Commercial League.  A man, be the Heavens ever praised, is
+sufficient for himself; yet were ten men, united in Love, capable of being
+and of doing what ten thousand singly would fail in.  Infinite is the help
+man can yield to man."  And now in conjunction therewith consider this
+other:  "It is the Night of the World, and still long till it be Day:  we
+wander amid the glimmer of smoking ruins, and the Sun and the Stars of
+Heaven are as if blotted out for a season; and two immeasurable Phantoms,
+HYPOCRISY and ATHEISM, with the Ghoul, SENSUALITY, stalk abroad over the
+Earth, and call it theirs:  well at ease are the Sleepers for whom
+Existence is a shallow Dream."
+
+But what of the awe-struck Wakeful who find it a Reality?  Should not these
+unite; since even an authentic Spectre is not visible to Two?--In which
+case were this Enormous Clothes-Volume properly an enormous Pitch-pan,
+which our Teufelsdrockh in his lone watch-tower had kindled, that it might
+flame far and wide through the Night, and many a disconsolately wandering
+spirit be guided thither to a Brother's bosom!--We say as before, with all
+his malign Indifference, who knows what mad Hopes this man may harbor?
+
+Meanwhile there is one fact to be stated here, which harmonizes ill with
+such conjecture; and, indeed, were Teufelsdrockh made like other men, might
+as good as altogether subvert it.  Namely, that while the Beacon-fire
+blazed its brightest, the Watchman had quitted it; that no pilgrim could
+now ask him:  Watchman, what of the Night?  Professor Teufelsdrockh, be it
+known, is no longer visibly present at Weissnichtwo, but again to all
+appearance lost in space!  Some time ago, the Hofrath Heuschrecke was
+pleased to favor us with another copious Epistle; wherein much is said
+about the "Population-Institute;" much repeated in praise of the Paper-bag
+Documents, the hieroglyphic nature of which our Hofrath still seems not to
+have surmised; and, lastly, the strangest occurrence communicated, to us
+for the first time, in the following paragraph:--
+
+"_Ew. Wohlgeboren_ will have seen from the Public Prints, with what
+affectionate and hitherto fruitless solicitude Weissnichtwo regards the
+disappearance of her Sage.  Might but the united voice of Germany prevail
+on him to return; nay could we but so much as elucidate for ourselves by
+what mystery he went away!  But, alas, old Lieschen experiences or affects
+the profoundest deafness, the profoundest ignorance:  in the Wahngasse all
+lies swept, silent, sealed up; the Privy Council itself can hitherto elicit
+no answer.
+
+"It had been remarked that while the agitating news of those Parisian Three
+Days flew from mouth to month, and dinned every ear in Weissnichtwo, Herr
+Teufelsdrockh was not known, at the _Gans_ or elsewhere, to have spoken,
+for a whole week, any syllable except once these three:  _Es geht an_ (It
+is beginning).  Shortly after, as _Ew. Wohlgeboren_ knows, was the public
+tranquillity here, as in Berlin, threatened by a Sedition of the Tailors.
+Nor did there want Evil-wishers, or perhaps mere desperate Alarmists, who
+asserted that the closing Chapter of the Clothes-Volume was to blame.  In
+this appalling crisis, the serenity of our Philosopher was indescribable:
+nay, perhaps through one humble individual, something thereof might pass
+into the _Rath_ (Council) itself, and so contribute to the country's
+deliverance.  The Tailors are now entirely pacificated.--
+
+"To neither of these two incidents can I attribute our loss:  yet still
+comes there the shadow of a suspicion out of Paris and its Politics.  For
+example, when the _Saint-Simonian Society_ transmitted its Propositions
+hither, and the whole _Gans_ was one vast cackle of laughter, lamentation
+and astonishment, our Sage sat mute; and at the end of the third evening
+said merely:  'Here also are men who have discovered, not without
+amazement, that Man is still Man; of which high, long-forgotten Truth you
+already see them make a false application.'  Since then, as has been
+ascertained by examination of the Post-Director, there passed at least one
+Letter with its Answer between the Messieurs Bazard-Enfantin and our
+Professor himself; of what tenor can now only be conjectured.  On the fifth
+night following, he was seen for the last time!
+
+"Has this invaluable man, so obnoxious to most of the hostile Sects that
+convulse our Era, been spirited away by certain of their emissaries; or did
+he go forth voluntarily to their head-quarters to confer with them, and
+confront them?  Reason we have, at least of a negative sort, to believe the
+Lost still living; our widowed heart also whispers that ere long he will
+himself give a sign.  Otherwise, indeed, his archives must, one day, be
+opened by Authority; where much, perhaps the _Palingenesie_ itself, is
+thought to be reposited."
+
+
+Thus far the Hofrath; who vanishes, as is his wont, too like an Ignis
+Fatuus, leaving the dark still darker.
+
+So that Teufelsdrockh's public History were not done, then, or reduced to
+an even, unromantic tenor; nay, perhaps the better part thereof were only
+beginning?  We stand in a region of conjectures, where substance has melted
+into shadow, and one cannot be distinguished from the other.  May Time,
+which solves or suppresses all problems, throw glad light on this also!
+Our own private conjecture, now amounting almost to certainty, is that,
+safe-moored in some stillest obscurity, not to lie always still,
+Teufelsdrockh, is actually in London!
+
+Here, however, can the present Editor, with an ambrosial joy as of
+over-weariness falling into sleep, lay down his pen.  Well does he know, if
+human testimony be worth aught, that to innumerable British readers
+likewise, this is a satisfying consummation; that innumerable British
+readers consider him, during these current months, but as an uneasy
+interruption to their ways of thought and digestion; and indicate so much,
+not without a certain irritancy and even spoken invective.  For which, as
+for other mercies, ought not he to thank the Upper Powers?  To one and all
+of you, O irritated readers, he, with outstretched arms and open heart,
+will wave a kind farewell.  Thou too, miraculous Entity, who namest thyself
+YORKE and OLIVER, and with thy vivacities and genialities, with thy all too
+Irish mirth and madness, and odor of palled punch, makest such strange
+work, farewell; long as thou canst, _fare-well_!  Have we not, in the
+course of Eternity, travelled some months of our Life-journey in partial
+sight of one another; have we not existed together, though in a state of
+quarrel?
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+This questionable little Book was undoubtedly written among the mountain
+solitudes, in 1831; but, owing to impediments natural and accidental, could
+not, for seven years more, appear as a Volume in England;--and had at last
+to clip itself in pieces, and be content to struggle out, bit by bit, in
+some courageous _Magazine_ that offered.  Whereby now, to certain idly
+curious readers, and even to myself till I make study, the insignificant
+but at last irritating question, What its real history and chronology are,
+is, if not insoluble, considerably involved in haze.
+
+To the first English Edition, 1838, which an American, or two American had
+now opened the way for, there was slightingly prefixed, under the title,
+"_Testimonies of Authors_," some straggle of real documents, which, now
+that I find it again, sets the matter into clear light and sequence:--and
+shall here, for removal of idle stumbling-blocks and nugatory guessings
+from the path of every reader, be reprinted as it stood.  (_Author's Note,
+of_ 1868.)
+
+
+TESTIMONIES OF AUTHORS.
+
+I.  HIGHEST CLASS, BOOKSELLER'S TASTER.
+
+_Taster to Bookseller_.--"The Author of _Teufelsdrockh_ is a person of
+talent; his work displays here and there some felicity of thought and
+expression, considerable fancy and knowledge:  but whether or not it would
+take with the public seems doubtful.  For a _jeu d'esprit_ of that kind it
+is too long; it would have suited better as an essay or article than as a
+volume.  The Author has no great tact; his wit is frequently heavy; and
+reminds one of the German Baron who took to leaping on tables and answered
+that he was learning to be lively.  _Is_ the work a translation?"
+
+_Bookseller to Editor_.--"Allow me to say that such a writer requires only
+a little more tact to produce a popular as well as an able work.  Directly
+on receiving your permission, I sent your MS. to a gentleman in the highest
+class of men of letters, and an accomplished German scholar:  I now enclose
+you his opinion, which, you may rely upon it, is a just one; and I have too
+high an opinion of your good sense to" &c. &c.--_Ms.  (penes nos), London,
+17th September_, 1831.
+
+
+II.  CRITIC OF THE SUN.
+
+"_Fraser's Magazine_ exhibits the usual brilliancy, and also the" &c.
+
+"_Sartor Resartus_ is what old Dennis used to call 'a heap of clotted
+nonsense,' mixed however, here and there, with passages marked by thought
+and striking poetic vigor.  But what does the writer mean by 'Baphometic
+fire-baptism'?  Why cannot he lay aside his pedantry, and write so as to
+make himself generally intelligible?  We quote by way of curiosity a
+sentence from the _Sartor Resartus_; which may be read either backwards or
+forwards, for it is equally intelligible either way:  indeed, by beginning
+at the tail, and so working up to the head, we think the reader will stand
+the fairest chance of getting at its meaning:  'The fire-baptized soul,
+long so scathed and thunder-riven, here feels its own freedom; which
+feeling is its Baphometic baptism:  the citadel of its whole kingdom it has
+thus gained by assault, and will keep inexpugnable; outwards from which the
+remaining dominions, not indeed without hard battering, will doubtless by
+degrees be conquered and pacificated.'  Here is a"...--_Sun Newspaper, 1st
+April_, 1834.
+
+
+III.  NORTH--AMERICAN REVIEWER.
+
+... "After a careful survey of the whole ground, our belief is that no such
+persons as Professors Teufelsdrockh or Counsellor Heuschrecke ever existed;
+that the six Paper-bags, with their China-ink inscriptions and multifarious
+contents, are a mere figment of the brain; that the 'present Editor' is the
+only person who has ever written upon the Philosophy of Clothes; and that
+the _Sartor Resartus_ is the only treatise that has yet appeared upon that
+subject;--in short, that the whole account of the origin of the work before
+us, which the supposed Editor relates with so much gravity, and of which we
+have given a brief abstract, is, in plain English, a _hum_.
+
+"Without troubling our readers at any great length with our reasons for
+entertaining these suspicions, we may remark, that the absence of all other
+information on the subject, except what is contained in the work, is itself
+a fact of a most significant character.  The whole German press, as well as
+the particular one where the work purports to have been printed, seems to
+be under the control of _Stillschweigen and Co. _--Silence and Company.  If
+the Clothes-Philosophy and its author are making so great a sensation
+throughout Germany as is pretended, how happens it that the only notice we
+have of the fact is contained in a few numbers of a monthly Magazine
+published at London!  How happens it that no intelligence about the matter
+has come out directly to this country?  We pique ourselves here in New
+England upon knowing at least as much of what is going on in the literary
+way in the old Dutch Mother-land as our brethren of the fast-anchored Isle;
+but thus far we have no tidings whatever of the 'extensive close-printed,
+close-meditated volume,' which forms the subject of this pretended
+commentary.  Again, we would respectfully inquire of the 'present Editor'
+upon what part of the map of Germany we are to look for the city of
+_Weissnichtwo_--'Know-not-where'--at which place the work is supposed to
+have been printed, and the Author to have resided.  It has been our fortune
+to visit several portions of the German territory, and to examine pretty
+carefully, at different times and for various purposes, maps of the whole;
+but we have no recollection of any such place.  We suspect that the city of
+_Know-not-where_ might be called, with at least as much propriety,
+_Nobody-knows-where_, and is to be found in the kingdom of _Nowhere_.
+Again, the village of _Entepfuhl_--'Duck-pond'--where the supposed Author
+of the work is said to have passed his youth, and that of _Hinterschlag_,
+where he had his education, are equally foreign to our geography.
+Duck-ponds enough there undoubtedly are in almost every village in Germany,
+as the traveller in that country knows too well to his cost, but any
+particular village denominated Duck-pond is to us altogether _terra
+incognita_.  The names of the personages are not less singular than those
+of the places.  Who can refrain from a smile at the yoking together of such
+a pair of appellatives as Diogenes Teufelsdrockh?  The supposed bearer of
+this strange title is represented as admitting, in his pretended
+autobiography, that 'he had searched to no purpose through all the Heralds'
+books in and without the German empire, and through all manner of
+Subscribers'-lists, Militia-rolls, and other Name-catalogues,' but had
+nowhere been able to find 'the name Teufelsdrockh, except as appended to
+his own person.'  We can readily believe this, and we doubt very much
+whether any Christian parent would think of condemning a son to carry
+through life the burden of so unpleasant a title.  That of Counsellor
+Heuschrecke--'Grasshopper'-- though not offensive, looks much more like a
+piece of fancy-work than a 'fair business transaction.'  The same may be
+said of _Blumine_--'Flower-Goddess'--the heroine of the fable; and so of
+the rest.
+
+"In short, our private opinion is, as we have remarked, that the whole
+story of a correspondence with Germany, a university of Nobody-knows-where,
+a Professor of Things in General, a Counsellor Grasshopper, a
+Flower-Goddess Blumine, and so forth, has about as much foundation in truth
+as the late entertaining account of Sir John Herschel's discoveries in the
+moon.  Fictions of this kind are, however, not uncommon, and ought not,
+perhaps, to be condemned with too much severity; but we are not sure that
+we can exercise the same indulgence in regard to the attempt, which seems
+to be made to mislead the public as to the substance of the work before us,
+and its pretended German original.  Both purport, as we have seen, to be
+upon the subject of Clothes, or dress.  _Clothes, their Origin and
+Influence_, is the title of the supposed German treatise of Professor
+Teufelsdrockh and the rather odd name of _Sartor Resartus_--the Tailor
+Patched--which the present Editor has affixed to his pretended commentary,
+seems to look the same way.  But though there is a good deal of remark
+throughout the work in a half-serious, half-comic style upon dress, it
+seems to be in reality a treatise upon the great science of Things in
+General, which Teufelsdrockh, is supposed to have professed at the
+university of Nobody-knows-where.  Now, without intending to adopt a too
+rigid standard of morals, we own that we doubt a little the propriety of
+offering to the public a treatise on Things in General, under the name and
+in the form of an Essay on Dress.  For ourselves, advanced as we
+unfortunately are in the journey of life, far beyond the period when dress
+is practically a matter of interest, we have no hesitation in saying, that
+the real subject of the work is to us more attractive than the ostensible
+one.  But this is probably not the case with the mass of readers.  To the
+younger portion of the community, which constitutes everywhere the very
+great majority, the subject of dress is one of intense and paramount
+importance.  An author who treats it appeals, like the poet, to the young
+men end maddens--_virginibus puerisque_--and calls upon them, by all the
+motives which habitually operate most strongly upon their feelings, to buy
+his book.  When, after opening their purses for this purpose, they have
+carried home the work in triumph, expecting to find in it some particular
+instruction in regard to the tying of their neckcloths, or the cut of their
+corsets, and meet with nothing better than a dissertation on Things in
+General, they will--to use the mildest term--not be in very good humor.  If
+the last improvements in legislation, which we have made in this country,
+should have found their way to England, the author, we think, would stand
+some chance of being _Lynched_.  Whether his object in this piece of
+_supercherie_ be merely pecuniary profit, or whether he takes a malicious
+pleasure in quizzing the Dandies, we shall not undertake to say.  In the
+latter part of the work, he devotes a separate chapter to this class of
+persons, from the tenor of which we should be disposed to conclude, that he
+would consider any mode of divesting them of their property very much in
+the nature of a spoiling of the Egyptians.
+
+"The only thing about the work, tending to prove that it is what it
+purports to be, a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style, which
+is a sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of richness,
+vigor, and at times a sort of singular felicity of expression, but very
+strongly tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the German language.
+This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a great
+familiarity with German literature; and we cannot, therefore, look upon it
+as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evidence of an
+opposite character."-- _North-American Review, No.  89, October_, 1835.
+
+
+IV.  NEW ENGLAND EDITORS.
+
+"The Editors have been induced, by the expressed desire of many persons, to
+collect the following sheets out of the ephemeral pamphlets* in which they
+first appeared, under the conviction that they contain in themselves the
+assurance of a longer date.
+
+*_Fraser's_ (London) _Magazine_, 1833-34.
+
+"The Editors have no expectation that this little Work will have a sudden
+and general popularity.  They will not undertake, as there is no need, to
+justify the gay costume in which the Author delights to dress his thoughts,
+or the German idioms with which he has sportively sprinkled his pages.  It
+is his humor to advance the gravest speculations upon the gravest topics in
+a quaint and burlesque style.  If his masquerade offend any of his
+audience, to that degree that they will not hear what he has to say, it may
+chance to draw others to listen to his wisdom; and what work of imagination
+can hope to please all!  But we will venture to remark that the distaste
+excited by these peculiarities in some readers is greatest at first, and is
+soon forgotten; and that the foreign dress and aspect of the Work are quite
+superficial, and cover a genuine Saxon heart.  We believe, no book has been
+published for many years, written in a more sincere style of idiomatic
+English, or which discovers an equal mastery over all the riches of the
+language.  The Author makes ample amends for the occasional eccentricity of
+his genius, not only by frequent bursts of pure splendor, but by the wit
+and sense which never fail him.
+
+"But what will chiefly commend the Book to the discerning reader is the
+manifest design of the work, which is, a Criticism upon the Spirit of the
+Age--we had almost said, of the hour--in which we live; exhibiting in the
+most just and novel light the present aspects of Religion, Politics,
+Literature, Arts, and Social Life.  Under all his gayety the Writer has an
+earnest meaning, and discovers an insight into the manifold wants and
+tendencies of human nature, which is very rare among our popular authors.
+The philanthropy and the purity of moral sentiment, which inspire the work,
+will find their way to the heart of every lover of virtue."--_Preface to
+Sartor Resartus:   Boston_, 1835, 1837.
+
+
+SUNT, FUERUNT VEL FUERE.
+
+LONDON, 30th June, 1838.
+
+
+
+
+
+All spelling and punctuation was kept as in the printed text.
+Italicized phrases are delimited by _underscores_.  Footnotes
+(there are only four) have been placed at the ends of the
+paragraphs referencing them.
+
+
+
+
+
+The Project Gutenberg Etext of Sartor Resartus, by Thomas Carlyle
+
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